and barbarous people they are to be perswaded to withdraw and unite themselves into severall Colonies that by it an interchangeable communication and commerce of all things may more commodiously be had and that they may so live together in civilitie for the better succour and welfare of one another And thereby they may more easily be instructed in the Christian Faith and governed under the Magistrates and ministers of the King or other superiour power under whom this Râ—so that on is sought Which course the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that 〈◊〉 took after he had taken upon him the Government of the 〈…〉 whereby he united all the people into one Citie that before lived dispersedly in many Villages The like is put in practice at this day by the â—â—râ—â—gales and Jesuits that they may with less difficultie and hinderance reform the rough behaviour and savage life of the people of Brazile who dwell scattered and dispersed in cave and cottages made of boughs leaves of the Palm-trees Alexander the Great built more than seventie Cities Selevâ—us built three Cities called â—pameâ— to the honour of his wife and five called Lâ—â—â—â—ca in memorie of his mother and fire called Seleacâ— to the honour of himself Safetie for Defence of the People and their goods in and near the Town IN the Situation of Cities there is to be required a place of Safetie by some natural strength commod ousness for Navigation and Conduct for the attaining of plentie of all good things for the sustenance comfort of mans life and to draw trade and entercourse of other Nations as if the same be situate in such â—ort as many people have need to repair thither for some natural commoditie or other of the Countrey which by traffick and transportation of coÌ„modities whereof they have more plentie than will supplie their own necessitie or for receiving of things whereof they have carcitie And much better will it be if the place afford some notable commoditie of it self from whence other Nations may more readily and at better rate attain the same Likewise and withall be so fertil pleasant and healthfull of it self that it may afford plentie of good things for the delight and confort of the inhabitants In former times great Nations Kings and Potentates have endured sharp conflicts and held it high Policie by all means to increase then Cities with multitudes of Inhabitants And to this end the Romans ever furnished themselves with strength and power to make their neighbour-People of necessitie willing to draw themselves to Rome to dwell and overthrow their Towns and Villages of mean strength down to the ground So did they for this cause utterly destroy many Cities bringing always the vanquished Captives to Rome for the augmentation of that Citie Romulus after a mighty fight with the Sabines condescended to Peace upon condition that â—â—â—â—â—s their King should come with all their people to dwell at Rome â—atâ—â—â— did accept and made choice of the Capitol and the Mount Quirmalis for his seat and Pâ—llace The same course hâ—ld Tamberlane the Great whereby he enlarged the great Samarâ—anda still bringing unto it the richest and wealthiest Citizens he had subdued And the Ottomanâ— to make the Citie Constantinople rich and great brought to it many thousand Families especially Artificers out of the subdued Cities as Mahomeâ— the great from Trâ—bizond Selim the First from Cairo and Seliman from â—aurk Authoritie and necessitie without the consideration of the conveniencies and commodiousness of Situation above mentioned are of small moment in the foundation of a Citie thereby onely it would be unlikely either to grow or continue in Magnificencie or Opulencie for it Profit Height and Delight go not companions therewith no authoritie or necessitie can retain much People or Wealth But of the place whereupon a Citie is to be founded be commodious for the aforesaid conveniences which help greatly for the felicitie of this life then no doubt the same is likely to draw much abundance of people and riches unto the same whereby it may by the help of Arts and Industrie in time become magnificent glorious Unto the good estate greatness and glorie of a Citie those things hereafter mentioned do greatly avail and are of much importance viz. Religion which is of such force and might to amplifie Cities and Dominions and of such attractive virtue to replenish the same with people and wealth and to hold them in due obedience as none can be more for without adoration of some Dietie no common wealth can subsist Witness Jerusalem Rome Constantinople and all other cities that have been famous for the prosession of Religion or Divine worship And no marvel for there is not any thing in this world of more efficacie force to allure and draw to it the hearts of Men than God which is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He is carefully defined and continually sought for of all creatures for all regard Him as their last end and refuge Light things apply themselves upwards heavy things downwards the Heavens to Revolution the Herbs to flowers Trees to bear fruit Beasts to present their kind and Man in seeking his tranquilitie and everlasting glory But forasmuch as God is of so high a nature as the sense and understanding of Man cannot conceive it every man directly turns himself to that place where he leaves some print of his power or declares some sign of his assistance And to such persons whom he seemeth more especially to have revealed himself Academies Schools of Learning with convenient immunities and privileges for Scholars and means for Recreation for Delight are of great importance to enlarge and enrich a citie for asmuch as men long for honour and profit and of Arts liberal sciences some bring certain wealth to men and some promotions preterments to honourable functions for by this means not onely young men those that are desirous of Learning and Virtue in the same Common-wealth will be retained in their own Countrey but also strangers will be drawn home to them And the more will this be available if occasion be given to Scholars and students to rise to degrees of Honour and preferment by their learned exercises and that by the Policie of the same citie good Wits be accounted of and rewarded well that the same Academies and Schools be stored with plentie of Doctours and learned men of great same and reputation Courts of Iustice with due execution of the same in a citie do much enable enlarge enrich it for it fasteneth a great liking in a citie to virtuous men and such as be wealthie that therein they may be free and in safetie from the violence of the oppressions of covetous and wicked men and there will be rather resort thither to inhabit or traffick there as occasions may minister unto them And many others that have cause of suite will repair thither whereas they may be sure to find Iudgement and Iustice duely
published that all men might plead it for their advantage but a Charter was left in deposito in the hands of the Archbishop of Canterbury for the time and so to his successours Stephen Langthon who was ever a Traytor to the King produced this Charter and shewed it to the Barons thereby encouraging them to make war against the King Neither was it the old Charter simply the Barons sought to have confirmed but they presented unto the King other articles and orders tending to the alteration of the whole commonwealth which when the King refused to signe the Barons presently put themselves into the field and in rebellious and outragious fashion sent the King word except he confirmed them they would not desist from making war against him till he had satisfied them therein And in conclusion the King being betrayed of all his Nobility in effect was forced to grant the Charter of Magna Charta and Charta de Forestis at such time as he was invironed with an Army in the Meadowes of Staynes which harters being procured by force Pope Innocent afterward disavowed and threatned to curse the Barons if they submitted not themselves as they ought to their Soveraigne Lord which when the Lords refused to obey the King entertained an army of strangers for his own defence wherewith having mastered and beaten the Barons they called in Lewes of France a most unnaturall resolution to be their King Neither was Magna Charta a Law in the 19. of Henry the 2d but simply a Charter which hee confirmed in the 21. of his reigne and made it a Law in the 25. according to Littletons opinion Thus much for the beginning of the Great Cbarter which had first an obscure birth from usurpation and was secondly fostered and shewed to the world by rebellion JUST I cannot deny but that all your Lordship hath said is true but seeing the Charters were afterwards so many times confirmed by Parliament and made Lawes and that there is nothing in them unequall or prejudicial to the King doth not your Honour think it reason they should be observed COUNS. Yes and observed they are in all that the state of a King can permit for no man is destroyed but by the Lawes of the land no man disseized of his inheritance but by the Lawes of the land imprisoned they are by the prerogative where the King hath cause to suspect their loyalty for were it otherwise the King should never come to the knowledge of any conspiracy or Treason against his Person or state and being imprisoned yet doth not any man suffer death but by the Law of the land JUST But may it please your Lordship were not Cornewallis Sharpe and Hoskins imprisoned being no suspition of Treason there COUNS. They were but it cost them nothing JUST And what got the King by it for in the conclusion besides the murmure of the people Cornewallis Sharpe and Hoskins having greatly overshot themselves and repented them a fine of 5 or 600l. was laid on his Majesty for their offences for so much their diet cost his Majesty COUNS. I know who gave the advice sure I am that it was none of mine But thus I say if you consult your memory you shall find that those Kings which did in their own times comfirme the Magna Charta did not onely imprison but they caused of their Nobility and others to be slain without hearing or tryall JUST My good Lord if you will give me leave to speak freely I say that they are not well advised that perswade the King not to admit the Magna Charta with the former reservations For as the King can never lose a farthing by it as I shall prove anon So except England were as Naples is and kept by Garrisons of another Nation it is impossible for a King of England to greaten and inrich himself by any way so assuredly as by the love of his people For by one rebellion the King hath more losse then by a hundred years observance of Magna Charta For therein have our Kings been forced to compound with Roagues and Rebels and to pardon them yea the state of the King the Mouarchie the Nobility have been endangered by them COUNS. Well Sir let that passe why should not our Kings raise mony as the Kings of France do by their letters and Edicts onely for since the time of Lewes the 11. of whom it is said that he freed the French Kings of their wardship the French Kings have seldome assembled the states for any contribution JUST I will tell you why the strength of England doth consist of the people and Yeomanry the Pefants of France have no courage nor armes In France every Village and Burrough hath a castle which the French call Chasteau Villain every good City hath a good Cittadell the King hath the Regiments of his guards and his men at armes alwayes in pay yea the Nobility of France in whom the strength of France consists doe alwayes assist the King in those leavies because themselves being free they made the same leavies upon ther Tennants But my Lord if you marke it France was never free in effect from civill wars and lately it was endangered either to be conquered by the Spaniard or to be cantonized by the rebellious French themselves since that freedome of Wardship But my good Lord to leave this digression that wherein I would willingly satisfie your Lordship is that the Kings of England have never received losse by Parliament or prejudice COUNS. No Sir you shall find that the subjects in Parliament have decreed great things to the disadvantage and dishonour of our Kings in former times JUST My good Lord to avoid confusion I will make a short repitition of them all then your Lordship may object where you see cause And I doubt not but to give your Lordship satisfaction In the sixt year of Henry the 3d there was no dispute the house gave the King two shillings of every plough land within England and in the end of the same year he had escuage payed him to wit for every Knights fee two marks in silver In the fifth year of that King the Lords demaunded the confirmation of the Great Charter which the Kings Councell for that time present excused alleadging that those priviledges were exhorted by force during the Kings Minoritie and yet the King was pleased to send forth his writ to the Sheriffes of every Countrey requiring them to certifie what those liberties were and how used and in exchange of the Lords demaund because they pressed him so violently the King required all the castles and places which the Lords held of his and had held in the time of his Father with those Manors and Lordships which they had heretofore wrested from the Crown which at that time the King being provided of forces they durst not deny in the 14 year he had the 15. peny of all goods given him upon condition to confirme the Great Charter For by reason
they would dislike that which we would dislike It is evident also that men differ very much in the temperature of their bodies else why should some more easily digest Bief than Shel-fish and other be mad for the time if they drink wine There was an old woman about Arbeus which drunk three drams of Câ—â—uâ—â— every dream weighin sixtie Barley corns and eight drams to an ounce without hurt â—â—sis without hurt took four drams of Popple and 〈◊〉 which was Gentleman-Sewer to Alexander was very cold when he stood in the sun or in a hot bath but very hot when he stand in the shadow Al 〈…〉 felt no pain if a Scorpion stung him And the Psillâ— a people in Lyâ—â—â— whole bodies are venom to serpents if they be stung by serpents or Asps receive no hurt at all The Ethiopians which inhabit the river Hynaspis do eat serpents and scorpions without danger 〈◊〉 a Chirurgian at the smell of a Sturgeon would be for the time mad Aâ—dron of Argos was so little thirstie that without want of drink he travelled through the hot and dry countrey of Lybia Tiberius Caesar would see very well in the dark Aristotle mentioneth of Thratius who said that the image of a Man went always before him If then it be so that there be such differences in Men this must be by reason of the divers temperatures they have and divers disposition of their conceit and imagination for if one hate and another love the very same thing it must be that their phantasies differ else all would love it or all would hate it These Men then may tell how these things seem to them good or bad but what they are in their own Nature they cannot tell If we will heathen to mens opinions concerning one and the same matter thinking thereby to come to the knowledge of it we shall find this to be impossible for either we must believe what all men say of it or what some men only say of it To believe what all men say of one the same thing is not possible for then we shall believe Contrarieties for some men say that that very thing is pleasant which other say is displeasant If it be said we must believe onely some men then let it be shewed who those some men are for the Platonists will believe Plato but the Epicures Epicurus the Phytagorians Pythagoras other Philosophers the masters of their own Sects so that it is doubtfull to which of all these we shall give credit If it be said that we must credit the greatest number this seemeth childish for there may be amongst other Nations a greater number which denie that very point which the greatest number with us do affirm so that hereof nothing can certainly be affirmed This Argument seemeth to be further confirmed if the differences of the Senses of Hearing Seeing Smelling Touching and Tasting be considered for that the Senses differ it seemeth plain Painted Tables in which the art of Slanting is used appear to the Eye as if the parts of them were some higher and some lower than the other but to the Touch they seem not to be so Honey seemeth to the Tongue sweet but unpleasant to the Eye so Oyntment doth recreate the Smell but it offendeth the Tast. Rain-water is profitable to the Eyes but it hurteth the Lungs We may tell then how these things seem to our severall senses but what they are in their own nature we cannot tell for why should not a man credit any one of his senses as well as the other Every object seemeth to be presented diversly unto the severall instruments of Sense An Apple to the Touch seemeth smooth sweet to the Smell and to the Eye yellow but whether the Apple have one of these qualities onely or more than these qualities who can tell The Organ hath many Pipes all which are filled with the same blast of wind varied according to the capacitie of the severall Pipes which receive it even so the qualitie of the Apple may be but one and this one quality may be varied seem yellow to the Eye to the Touch smooth and sweet to the Smell by reason of the divers instruments of the Sense which apprehend this one quality diversly It may be also that an Apple hath many qualities besides but we are not able to conceive them all because we want fit means and instruments to apprehend them For suppose that some Man is born blind and deaf and yet can touch smell and tast this man will not think that there is any thing which may be seen or heard because he wanteth the Senses of hearing and seeing he will onely think there are those qualities in the object which by reason of his three Senses he conceiveth Even so the Apple may have many more qualities but we cannot come to know them because we want fit instruments for that purpose If it be replied that Nature hath ordained as many instruments of Sense as there are sensible objects I demand What Nature for there is a confused controversie about the very Essence of Nature Some affirming it to be one thing others another few a greeing so that what the quality of an Apple is or whether it hath one qualitie or many I know not Let a man also consider how many things that are separated and by themselves appear to differ from that which they seem to be when they are in a mass or lump the scrapings of the Goats horn seems white but in the horn they seem black but in the lump white The stone Toenaru being polished seemeth white but unpolished rough it seemeth yellow Sands being separated appear rough to the Touch but a great heap soft I may then report how these things appear but whether they are so indeed I know not Sir Raleigh's OBSERVATIONS Concerning the Causes of the Magnificencie and Opulencie of CITIES THAT the onely way to civilize and reform the savage and barbarous Lives and corrupt Manners of such people is 1 To be dealt withall by gentle and loving Conversation among them to attain to the knowledge of their Language and of the multitude of their special discommodities and inconveniences in their manner of living 2 The next is to get an admired reputation amongst them upon a solid and true foundation of Pietie Iustice and wisdom conjoyned with fortitude and power 3 The third is discreetly to possess them with a knowledge of the condition of their own estate Thus Oâ—pheâ— and Amphâ—â— were said to draw after them the beast of the field c. And this must be first wrought by a visible representation of the certaintie truth and sinceritie of these together with the felicitie of a reformed estate All which is but to give foundation bottom and firm footing unto action and to prepare them to receive wholesom and good advise for the future profit and felicitie of themselves and their posteritie For the more commodious effecting of this Reformation in a rude
executed whereby the citie must needs be enlarged and enriched for our lives and all that ever we have are in the hands of Iustice so that if Iustice be not administred amongst men in vain is there any societie and commerce or any other thing can be profitable or safe so much is love and charitie failed and iniquitie increased upon the face of the earth The excellencie and multitude likewise of Artificers exercising their manuall arts and trades do marvellously increase and enrich a State whereof some are necessary some commodious for a civil life other some are of pomp and ornament and other some of delicacie and curiositie whereof doth follow con course of people that labour and work and current money which doth enrich and supply Materials for labourers and work-men buying and selling transportation from place to place which doth imploy and increase the artificious and cunning parts of the wit of Man and this art and exquisitnesse of work manship and skill is so powerfull herein that to far excels the simple commodities and materials that Nature produceth and is alone sufficient of it self to make a Citie or State both magnificient and glorious and the daily experience we have in these our dayes and in former times doth manifestly approve the same and make evident without all contradiction Some naturall benefits that a Citie also may have for the excellency of Art or work manship of some special commodities above any other place either through the qualitie of the Water or other matter whatsoever or some hidden mysterie of the inhabitants in working thereof may be a great help for the enlargement and enriching of a citie The command of a Countrie that affordeth some proper commoditie is of it self sufficient mightily to bring a Citie to great wealth and to advance it to great power and draweth thereby dependence and concourse much advantageous also as well for the publick weal as the private person A Citie also may be Lord of much Merchandize and traffick by means of the commodious situation to many Nations to whom it serveth and hath relation to as Ware houses Roomth and Store-houses by reason whereof the nations adjoyning do use to resort thereunto to make their provisions of such things And this consisteth in the largenesse of the Ports the fitnesse of the gulphs and creeks of the seas in the Navigable rivers and channels and the plain and safe ways that leadeth to the Citie or that come our turn by or near it Priviledge and freedom from Customs and exactions ' doth greatly increase the Trade and draw inhabitants to a citie whereby the same may become both rich and powerfull whereof the Maâ—ts and Fairs and Markets bear good witnesse which are frequented with great concourse of people Tradesmen and Merchants for no other respect but that they are there free and frank from Customs and exactions And the cities in Flanders are lively testimonies hereof where the Customs are very small By reason whereof all such as have erected new Cities in times past to draw concourse of people unto it have granted large immunities and priviledges at the least to the first inhabitants thereof The like have they done that have restored Cities emptied with Plague consumed with Wars or afflicted with Famin or some other scourge of God In respect whereof Freedom of Cities hath been often granted to such as would with their families inhabit there or would bring Corn and other necessaries for provision of victual The Romans to increase their Cities made the Towns that well deserved of them which they after called Municiple to be partakers of their franchises and priviledges The first means the Romans used to allure people to make their habitations rather in Rome than else where was the opening the Sanctuarie giving libertie and freedom to all that would come unto them In respect whereof there flocked thither with their goods numbers of people that were either racked with exactions thrust out of their habitations or unsafe or unsure for their lives in their own Countreys for Religion sake The very same reason in a manner hath increased so much the citie of Geneva for as much as it hath offered entertainment to all commers out of France and Italie that have either forsaken or been exiled their Countreys for Religions sake Likewise triumphs goodly buildings battels on the water fights of sword-players hunting of wild beasts publick shows and sights plays solemnized with great pomp and preparation and many other such things do draw the curious people to a citie inspeakably which leaves behind them much treasure and for such cause will rather settle themselves to inhabit there than in other places This was also the devise of Rome in her infancy to enlarge herself The Causes that Concern the Magnificencie of a CITIE TO confirm a Citie in her Greatness Justice Peace and Pleantie are the undoubted means for Justice assureth every man his own Peace causeth all Arts and negotiation whatsoever to flourish and Plentie of food and victuall that sustaineth the life of Man with ease and much contentment To conclude All those things that cause the Greatnesse of a Citie are also fit to conserve the same Sir Walter Raleigh's Seat of GOVERNMENT That the Seat of Government is up 〈…〉 y the two great pillars thereof viz. Civile Iustice and Martiall Policie which are framed out of Husbandrie Merchandize and Gentry of this Kingdom THey say that the goodliest CEDARS which grow on the high mountains of Libanâ—s thrust their roots between the clifts of hard Rocks the better to bear them selves against the strong storms that blow there As Nature hath instructed those kings of Trees so hath Reason taught the Kings of Men to â—oot themselves in the hardie Hearts of their faithfull Subjects And as those kings of Trees have large Tops so have the Kings of Men large Crowns whereof as the first would soon be broken from their bodies were they not underborn by many branches o would the other easily tytter were they not fastened on their heads with the strong chains of Civil Justice and Martial Discipline 1. For the administration of the first even God himself hath given direction Judge and Officers shalt thou make which shall judge the People with righteous judgement 2 The second is grounded on the first Laws of the world and nature that Force is to be repelled by Force Yea Moses in the 10 of Exodus and elsewhere hath delivered us many Laws Policies of War But as we have heard of the neglect and abuse in both so have we heatd of the decline and ruine of many Kingdoms States long before our days for that Policie hath never yet prevailed though it hath served for a short season where the counterfeit hath been sold for the natural and the outward shew and formalitie for the substance Of the Emperour Charls the Fourth the writers of that age witness that he used but the name of
of the wars in France and the losse of Rochett he was them enforced to consent to the Lords in all they demanded in the tenth of his reigne he fined the City of London at 50000. marks because they had received Lewis of France in the 11. year in the Parliament at Oxford he revoked the great Charter being granted when he was under age and governed by the Earle of Pembroke and the Bishop of Winchester in this 11. year the Earles of Cornewall and Chester Marshall Edward Earle of Pembroke Gilbert Earle of Gloucester Warren Hereford Ferrars and Warwick and others rebelled against the King and constrained him to yeeld unto them in what they demaunded for their particular interest which rebellion being appeased he sayled into France and in his 15. year he had a 15th of the temporality and a disme and a half of the spirituality and withall escuage of every Knights fee. COUNS. But what say you to the Parliament of Westminster in the 16th of the King where notwithstanding the wars of France and his great charge in repulsing the Welsh rebels he was flatly denyed the Subsidy demanded IUST I confesse my Lord that the house excused themselves by reason of their poverty and the Lords taking of Armes in the next year it was manifest that the house was practised aganst the King And was it not so my good Lord think you in our two last Parliaments for in the first even those whom his Majesty trusted most betrayed him in the union and in the second there were other of the great ones ran counter But your Lordship spake of dangers of Parliaments in this my Lord there was a denyall but there was no danger at all but to returne where I left what got the Lords by practizing the house at that time I say that those that brake this staffe upon the King were overturned with the counterbuffe for he resumed all those lands which he had given in his minority he called all his exacting officers to accompt he found them all faulty he examined the corruption of other Magistrates and from all these he drew sufficient money to satisfie his present necessity whereby he not onely spared his people but highly contented them with an act of so great Iustice Yea Hubert Earle of Kent the chief Iustice whom he had most trusted and most advanced was found as false to the King as any one of the rest And for conclusion in the end of that year at the assembly of the States at Lambeth the King had the fortieth part of every mans goods given him freely toward his debts for the people who the same year had refused to give the King any thing when they saw he had squeased those spunges of the Common-wealth they willingly yeelded to give him satisfaction COUNS. But I pray you what became of this Hubert whom the King had favoured above all men betraying his Majesty as he did IUST There were many that perswaded the King to put him to death but he could not be drawn to consent but the King seized upon his estate which was great yet in the end he left him a sufficient portion and gave him his life because he had done great service in former times For this Majesty though he tooke advantage of his vice yet he forgot not to have consideration of his vertue And upon this occasion it was that the King betrayed by those whom he most trusted entertained strangers and gave them their offices and the charge of his Castles and strong places in England COUNS. But the drawing in of those strangers was the cause that Marshall Earle of Pembroke moved war against the King JUST It is true my good Lord but he was soon after slain in Ireland and his whole masculine race ten yeares extinguished though there were five Sons of them and Marshal being dead who was the mover and ring-leader of that war the King pardoned the rest of the Lords that had assisted Marshall COUNS. What reason had the King so to doe JUST Because he was perswaded that they loved his person and only hated those corrupt Counsellors that then bare the greatest sway under him as also because they were the best men of war he had whom if he destroyed having war with the French he had wanted Commanders to have served him COUNS. But what reason had the Lords to take armes JUST Because the King entertained the Poictovins were not they the Kings vassals also Should the Spaniards rebell because the Spanish King trusts to the Neapolitans Fortagues Millanoies and other Nations his vassals seeing those that are governed by the Vice-royes and deputies are in policy to be well entertained to be employed who would otherwise devise how to free themselves whereas being trusted and imployed by their Prince they entertain themselves with the hopes that other the Kings vassals do if the King had called in the Spaniards or other Nations not his Subjects the Nobilitie of England had reason of grief COUNS. But what people did ever serve the King of England more faithfully then the Gascoynes did even to the last of the conquest of that Duchie IUST Your Lordship sayes well and I am of that opinion that if it had pleased the Queen of Eng. to have drawn some of the chief of the Irish Nobilitie into Eng. and by exchange to have made them good free-holders in Eng. she had saved above 2. millions of pounds which were consumed in times of those Rebellions For what held the great Gascoigne firme to the Crown of England of whom the Duke of Espernon married the Inheritrix but his Earldome of Kendall in England whereof the Duke of Espernon in right of his Wife beares the Title to this day And to the same end I take it hath Iames our Soveraign Lord given Lands to divers of the Nobilitie of Scotland And if I were worthy to advise your Lordship I should think that your Lordship should do the King great service to put him in mind to prohibite all the Scottish Nation to alienate and sell away their inheritance here for they selling they not only give cause to the English to complain that the Treasure of England is transported into Scotland but his Majestie is thereby also frustrated of making both Nations one and of assuring the service and obedience of the Scots in future COUNS. You say well for though those of Scotland that are advanced and enriched by the Kings Majesties will no doubt serve him faithfully yet how their heires and successors having no inheritance to lose in England may be seduced is uncertain But let us go on with our Parliament And what say you to the denyall in the 26th year of his reigne even when the King was invited to come into France by the Earle of March who had married his Mother and who promised to assist the King in the conquest of many places lost IUST It is true my good Lord that a subsidie was then denied and the reasons are
delivered in English Histories and indeed the King not long before had spent much Treasure in aiding the Duke of Britain to no purpose for he drew over the King but to draw on good conditions for himself as the Earle of March his father in law now did As the English Barons did invite Lewes of France not long before as in elder times all the Kings and States had done and in late years the Leaguers of France entertained the Spaniards and the French Protestants and Netherlands Queen Elizabeth not with any purpose to greaten those that aide them but to purchase to themselves an advantageous peace But what say the Histories to this denyall They say with a world of payments there mentioned that the King had drawn the Nobility drie And besides that whereas not long before great summes of money were given and the same appointed to be kept in four Castles and not to be expended but by the advice of the Peeres it was beleeved that the same Treasure was yet unspent COUNS. Good Sir you have said enough judge you whether it were not a dishonour to the King to be so tyed as not to expend his Treasure but by other mens advice as it were by their licence IUST Surely my Lord the King was well advised to take the money upon any condition and they were fooles that propounded the restraint for it doth not appear that the King took any great heed to those overseers Kings are bound by their pietie and by no other obligation In Queen Maries time when it was thought that she was with Child it was propounded in Parliament that the rule of the Realme should be given to King Philip during the minoritie of the hoped Prince or Princesse and the King offered his assurance in great summes of money to relinquish the Government at such time as the Prince or Princesse should be of age At which motion when all else were silent in the House Lord Daâ—res who was none of the wisest asked who shall sue the Kings Bonds which ended the dispute for what other Bond is between a King and his vassals then the Bond of the Kings Faith But my good Lord the King notwithstanding the denyall at that time was with gifts from particular persons and otherwise supplyed for proceeding of his journey for that time into France he took with him 30 Caskes filled with Silver and Coyne which was a great Treasure in those dayes And lastly notwithstanding the first denyall in the Kings absence he had Escuage granted him to wit 20s of every Knights Fee COUNS. What say you then to the 28th year of that King in which when the King demanded reliefe the States would not consent except the the same former order had bin taken for the appointing of 4 overseers for the treasure as also that the Lord chief Iustice and the L. Chancelor should be chosen by the States with some Barons of the Exchequer and other officers JUST My good Lord admit the King had yeelded their demands then whatsoever had been ordained by those Magistrates to the dislike of the Common-wealth the people had been without remedie whereas while the King made them they had their appeal and other remedies But those demands vanished and in the end the King had escuage given him without any of their conditions It is an excellent vertue in a King to have patience and to give way to the furie of mens passions The Whale when he is strucken by the fisherman growes into that furie that he cannot be resisted but will overthrow all the Ships and Barkes that come into his way but when he hath tumbled a while he is drawn to the shore with a twin'd thred COUNS. What say you then to the Parliament in the 29th of that King IUST I say that the Commons being unable to pay the King relieves himself upon the richer sort and so it likewise happened in the 33. of that King in which he was relieved chiefly by the Citie of London But my good Lord in the Parliament in London in the 38th year he had given him the tenth of all the revenues of the Church for 3 years and three marks of every Knights Fee throughout the Kingdome upon his promise and oath upon the observing of Magna Charta but in the end of the same year the King being then in France he was denyed the aides which he required What is this to the danger of a Parliament especially at this time they had reason to refuse they had given so great a summe in the beginning of the same year And again because it was known that the King had but pretended war with the King of Castile with whom he had secretly contracted an alliance and concluded a Marriage betwixt his Son Edward and the Lady Elenor. These false fires do but fright Children and it commonly falls out that when the cause given is known to be false the necessitie pretended is thought to be fained Royall dealing hath evermore Royall successe and as the King was denyed in the eight and thirtieth year so was he denyed in the nine and thirtieth year because the Nobilitie and the people saw it plainely that the K. was abused by the Pope who as well in despite to Manfred bastard Son to the Emperour Frederick the second as to cozen the King and to waste him would needes bestow on the King the Kingdome of Sicily to recover which the King sent all the Treasure he could borrow or scrape to the Pope and withall gave him letters of credence for to take up what he could in Italy the King binding himself for the payment Now my good Lord the wisdome of Princes is seen in nothing more then in their enterprises So how unpleasing it was to the State of England to consume the Treasure of the Land and in the conquest of Sicily so far off and otherwise for that the English had lost Normandie under their noses and so many goodly parts of France of their own proper inheritances the reason of the denyall is as well to be considered as the denyall COUNS. Was not the King also denyed a Subsidie in the fortie first of his reigne IUST No my Lord for although the King required money as before for the impossible conquest of Sicily yet the House offered to give 52000 marks which whether he refused or accepted is uncertain and whilst the King dreamed of Sicily the Welsh invaded and spoyled the borders of England for in the Parliament of London when the King urged the House for the prosecuting the conquest of Sicily the Lords utterly disliking the attempt urged the prosecuting of the Welshmen which Parliament being proroged did again assemble at Oxford and was called the mad Parliament which was no other then an assembly of rebels for the royal assent of the King which gives life to all Lawes form'd by the three estates was not a royall assent when both the King and the Prince were constrained to yeeld to the
how excellently and easily might this have been done if the 400000l had been raised as aforesaid upon the Kings lands and wards I say that his Majesties House his Navy his guards his pensioners his munition his Ambassadors and all else of ordinary charge might have been defrayed and a great summe left for his Majesties casuall expences and rewards I will not say they were not in love with the Kings estate but I say they were unfortunately borne for the King that crost it COUNS. Well Sir I would it had been otherwise But for the assignments there are among us that will not willingly indure it Charity begins with it self shall we hinder our selves of 50000l per annum to save the King 20 No Sir what will become of our New years gifts our presents and gratuities We can now say to those rhat have warrants for money that there is not a penny in the Exchequer but the King gives it away unto the Scots faster then it comes in IUST My Lord you say well at least you say the truth that such are some of our answers and hence comes that generall murmure to all men that have money to receive I say that there is not a penny given to that nation be it for service or otherwise but is spread over all the kingdome yea they gather notes and take copies of all the privy seals and warrants that his Majesty hath given for the money for the Scots that they may shew them in Parliament But of his Majesties gifts to the English there is no bruit though they may be tenne times as much as the Scots And yet my good Lord howsoever they be thus answered that to them sue for money out of the Echequer it is due to them for 10. or 12. or 20. in the hundred abated according to their qualities that shew they are alwaies furnished For conclusion if it would please God to put into the Kings heart to make their assignations it would save him many a pound and gain him many a prayer and a great deal of love for it grieveth every honest mans heart to see the abundance which even the petty officers in the Exchequer and others gather both from the king and subject and to see a world of poore men runne after rhe King for their ordinary wages COUNS. Well well did you never hear this old tale that when there was a great contentation about the weather the Seamen complaining of contrary windes when those of the high Countreys desired rain and those of the valleys sunshining dayes Iupiter sent them word by Mercury then when they had all done the weather should be as it had been And it shall ever fall out so with them that complain the course of payments shall be as they have been what care we what petty fellows say or what care we for your papers have not we the Kings eares who dares contest with us though we cannot be revenged on such as you are for telling the truth yet upon some other pretence wee 'le clap you up and you shall sue to us ere you get out Nay wee 'le make you confesse that you were deceived in your projects and eat your own words learn this of me Sir that as a little good fortune is better then a great deal of virtue so the least authority hath advantage over the greatest wit was he not the wisest man that said the battel was not the strongest nor yet bread for the wise nor riches to men of understanding nor favour to men of knowledge but what time and chance came to them all IUST It is well for your Lordship that it is so But Qu Elizabeth would set the reason of a mean man before the authority of the greatest Councellor she had and by her patience therein she raised upon the usuall and ordinary customes of London without any new imposition above 50000l a year for though the Treasurer Burleigh and the Earle of Leicester and Secretary Walshingham all three pensioners to Customer Smith did set themselves against a poor waiter of the Custome-house called Carwarden and commanded the groomes of the privy Chamber not to give him accesse yet the Queen sent for him and gave him countenance against them all It would not serve the turn my Lord with her when your Lordships would tell her that the disgracing her great officers by hearing the complaints of busie heads was a dishonour to her self but she had alwayes this answer That if any men complain unjustly against a Magistrate it were reason he should be severely punished if justly shee was Queen of the small as well as of the great and would hear their complaints For my good Lord a Prince that suffereth himself to be besieged forsaketh one of the greatest regalities belonging to a Monarchie to wit the last appeal or as the Trench call it le dernier resort COUNS. Well Sir this from the matter I pray you go on IUST Then my Lord in the Kings 15. year he had a tenth and a fifteen graunted in Parliament of London And that same year there vvas a great Councell called at Stamford to vvhich diverse men vvere sent for of diverse counties besides the Nobility of vvhich the King took advice vvhether he should continue the vvar or make a finall end vvith the French COUNS. What needed the King to take the advice of any but of his ovvn Councell in matter of peace or vvarre IUST Yea my Lord for it is said in the Proverbs where are many counsellers there is health And if the King had made the vvarre by a generall consent the Kingdome in generall vvere bound to maintain the vvarre and they could not then say when the King required aid that he undertook a needlesse vvarre COUNS. You say vvell but I pray you go on IUST After the subsedy in the 15. yeare the King desired to borrovv 10000l of the Londoners vvhich they refused to lend COUNS. And vvas not the King greatly troubled there vvith IUST Yea but the King troubled the Londoners soon aftar for the king took the advantage of a ryot made upon the Bishop of Salisbury his men sent for the Major and other the ablest citizens comitted the Major to prison in the Castle of Windsor and others to other castles and made a Lord Warden of this citie till in the end vvhat vvith 10000l ready money and other rich presents instead of lending 10000l it cost them 2000l Betvveen the fifteenth yeare and tvventieth yeare he had tvvo aides given him in the Parliaments of Winchester and Westminster and this later vvas given to furnish the Kings journey into Ireland to establish that estate vvhich vvas greatly shaken since the death of the Kings Grandfather vvho received thence yearly 30000l and during the Kings stay in Ireland he had a 10th and a 5th granted COUNS. And good reason for the King had in his army 4000. horse and 30000. foot IUST That by your favour vvas the Kings savity for great armies do