Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	great_a	river_n	town_n	5,503	4	6.2089	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57113	The true English interest, or, An account of the chief national improvements in some political observations, demonstrating an infallible advance of this nation to infinite wealth and greatness, trade and populacy, with imployment and preferment for all persons / by Carew Reynel, Esq.	Reynell, Carew, 1636-1690.	1674 (1674)	Wing R1215; ESTC R36784	29,224	118

at all but who can help that which is grown to so great a use and vogue in the world But others say 't is better than any Foreign Tobacco especially for English bodies and being a strong Tobacco they can cure it and bring it to tast in a manner as they will like Virginia Spanish or Barbados and hath been often sold in London by relation for Spanish and as dear as any others Some say it would spoil Virginia what though it should we are bound to look to our selves at home first Besides it were better if that New-England and Virginia both if possible were remov'd farther towards the South for then they would consume our own Commodities and might meet with store of Silver and riches whereas now they have little necessary Trade for us possessing only such things as we have But they consume our People here by transportation and take the Bread out of our mouths by supplying Barbados Jamaica and the Southern Plantations with the same Commodities as we do However it were better for Virginia they planted no Tobacco they living but poorly on it and it takes up their thoughts from better improvements as the planting of Mulberry trees Vines and Olives as they begin in Carolina by which means they would produce Silks Wines and Oyls which would turn to a greater account and besides our Commodities that we cannot raise and so would breed a better commerce again our planting here would not take away their Tobacco Trade for we would not wholly ingross it to our selves but plant it with equal liberty as others do and vend our shares with them It would help us and not hinder them if theirs be as they say so much better Others object it would spoil the Kings Customs and Navigation but I think it would much advance them for Foreign Tobacco is not at all prohibited to come in and our Tobacco would fetch in so many other Commodities which will answer to the rest besides the Custom of its Exportation however it were better to supply his Majesty some other way than by prejudicing the common good And indeed it would be a great gain to this Nation and his Majesty All the South of England being fit for it and as for Custom Navigation and Foreign Trade this is a Rule throughout that the more home Trade variety of Manufactures and Husbandries we have within our selves the more Foreign Trade we shall have also from which flows Custom and Navigation for home Trade is the foundation of Foreign and if we are full of home Commodities every private man will be of a publick spirit to gain Transportation for them 17. Of the Salt Trade Latton and Paper THE Salt Trade would be a vast profit if it were undertaken in all places of this Nation where it might Whereas now we have most of our Salt from France Then the Latton Trade would employ abundance of People and consume our own Commodities of Tin and Iron prove an excellent thing for Exportation Paper also if it were made here would employ many hands and many Trades And it is a thing so generally used all over the world that it could not miss of Sale but this is not expected to be brought in till we have the Linen Trade on which this depends as being made thereon No Nation uses more Paper than we and yet make none our selves but only some small quantity of brown Paper and Past-board and if we made but the white Paper we used it would set on work thousands 18. Of Mines THere might be abundance of Mines of all sorts found out more than there are if carefully sought for Many Tin Mines might be found in Dartmore and many places of Devonshire as well as Cornwall also store of Marble Mines are there and more might be discovered also some where in the West are Mines of Loadstone Many Clays also are very profitable as ordinary pot Clay Tobacco-pipe Clay crucible Clay and such that will endure the fire and serve the Founders as in the Isle of Wight and at Cheam in Surry where it is sold for fifty shillings a Load for the excellency of it by that honest Gentleman Colonel Bugges who now hath it in possession Clay that makes China they say is lately discovered within the Nation More advantage might be made of Silver Mines if regarded and better Mines found out More Coal Mines and Quarries of Freestone might be found out if looked after There is a kind of Rock-Salt they say lately discovered in the North of England Though Mines yield no more than wages for the labour yet it is great advantage to the Publick in setting people on work and besides gaining very profitable Materials 19. Forests IF the Forests of England were enclosed what a world of People would they give Estates to Gentlemen that want Bread now may then sit warm and be comforted it would give Estates to all the wanting people of the whole Nation for this Age and let the next find out something else in their Generation besides his Majesties Revenue might be much advanced by it also who might have three pence an Acre per annum on all Forest Lands enclosed also the more Lands we have inclosed and planted the more strong wealthy and populous we are but the less enclosed and planted the less strong and wealthy If Forests were enclosed the same Taxes would be a fourth part lighter than now they are to every body The Nation would be so much improved which is as good as joyning another Country to us for help also what store of new People would this breed for Trade War or Navigation What abundance of Farmers it would encrease and maintain many thousands of poor Labourers and abundance of Tradsemen also to supply the others with necessaries There would be several publick Offices and Employments for Ministers and others in every new Parish And there would be to this Nation in general abundance of gain and more maintenance for numbers of People there being above seventy Forests and Chases and several of them which are bigger than the Barbadoes besides abundance of Wasts and Commons It is observed that those Countries in England that are most enclosed and populous are most wealthy That which makes China also so remarkable is their great Husbanding and enclosing of their Country that they say there is no more Wasts besides the Roads in all that vast Dominion which makes it so infinite full of People Trade and Cities 20. Cutting of Rivers THis Nation might be greatly advantaged by cutting of Rivers and making them Navigable from one Town to another and so breed a good commerce where was none before as from London to Bristol which is very Feazable to be done From Farnam to Guilford Southampton to Winchester and from Maidstone higher into the Country and from Lincoln and in the North and West to many places In the North of England about Carlile it may be cut quite across and have course from Sea to

as building of Houses Colledges Bridges or the like Improving of Grounds cutting of Rivers discovering of Mines and digging of Quarries planting of Wood and many other things might be Invented also For we should endeavour still to bring in some new Trades that may produce employment For employ but a multitude of People any where in the Kingdom in such a way what ever it is that they may get their own lively-hoods and they shall all not only encrease the stock of the Nation but they shall bring great profit by the other Goods and Commodities which will of course be vended on them how much gain therefore are new Employments and Professions that not only maintain themselves and consume our own Commodities but also save Money in our Purses bring in riches and make us flourish in People Certainly the gain of it is incredible An● had we but store of People by Professions Employments Manufactures or any way we need not seek vend for our Cloath or Corn abroad fo● it would be consum'd at home at grea● rates And when once our own Nation were so populous and all in employment that the product of our Country could not supply them but we were forced to procure Commodities from abroad not by our own ill Husbandries but by the numerousness of our People then would our Trade arrive to a height and we to a flourishing Condition For there are several Mysteries and Employments that even Women nay Children of eight or nine years old would earn more Money than they spend As they say about Norwich the gain of their small Children exceeds their expences above twelve thousand pounds per annum Much advantages have been made in several Towns by setting uniformly to some Employment As at Manchester Lace Blanford Band-strings Sheffeild Knives Lancashire Fustians Ipswich the best Sails that ever were made Workensop Liquorish Farnhan Hopps Saffron-Walden Saffron Winchcomb Tobacco At Norwich Canterbury and Colchester as also in Spittle-fields and some Suburbs in London the making of all sorts of Stuffs Silks Sattins and Velvets which arrive to a great height Silks especially at Canterbury and the Suburbs of London and with little encouragement the Trade would be absolutely compleated At Maidstone they drive an excellent Trade only by Thread which within this thirty or forty years they did not vend above forty pounds a week now it is so increased that they vend a thousand pounds a week So also at Exeter they vend by relation many thousand pounds worth of Serges every week How profitable have the Dutch Collony been to Colchester by being entertain'd there about twenty years ago who setled a rich Trade of Stuffs there which since is extreamly advanced which was offered first to Malden who have lost much wealth by refusal of so brave a proffer In Foreign parts Embden in Hollan● sets forth seven hundred Busses yearly to the Fishing Trade Cambray maintains thousands of People in making of Cambrick Iper with Holland and at Courtray Diaper and Damask What an infinite of Tapistry-men are there at Arras Brussels and Delf Geneva wholly lives on their Silk Manufactury And Genoa in Italy maintains eighteen thousand People only in making Silk from the Worm In Grand Cairo in Egypt thousands of People live by hatching of Chickens in Stoves 23. Of Colledges of Manufactures and Enrichment of particular Parishes TO put in practice a thing beneficial to the Common-wealth it should be made as Universal as possible and that it be universal all particular Parishes ought to be employ'd in it So if it be but an employment of common Industry yet it will turn to a rich and profitable account Now Manufactories are so eminently advantageous that those of all things would do the business of a Nation being fit also for a general reception To which purpose 't were well if in every Parish they had a Colledge of Manufactures or some Art or other that would surely maintain the ordinary People in that Circuit And observe that those Parishes that have Forest or waste Land belonging to them it were well if a portion of it were set apart in this manner or the like to the publick good viz. Fourscore Acres to the Colledge of Manufactory allowing twenty Families in the Colledge each Family Lodgings for them and four Acres of Ground which they should have for the Manufacturing mans life Also there might be Glebe Lands allowed for all the publick Offices of the Parish beside as the Minister Schoolmaster and Clerk as also an allotment for the Poor of the Parish By this means there might be some provision of certainty They may advance them what besides they please In great Cities and Towns also it were good there were publick Colledges of Manufactures erected that should be bound to take in yearly so many hundred of poor People gratis The useful Manufactures Trades and Husbandries the People may be employ'd about are many viz. Cloath-Serge Stuffs Silk Sattins Velvets Tapistry Linen fine and coorse as Holland Cambrick Diaper Damask Sail-cloath Fustian all manner of Cotten Chamlet Drugget making Thread also Paper Latton Guilded Leather Gloves Ribbands Lace and many more As also Husbandries of Hops Orchards Bees Liquorish Saffron Tobacco Oad Madder the Saffe Flower Rape Nurseries Vineyards Cherry Gardens and all manner of Gardening So should the Country be enriched and the People maintain'd and all other Husbandry Commodities vend the better 24. Of Marriage and Populacy THE Country complains of small vend of Commodities which proceeds especially from want of People for our People were consum'd mightily in these late years some three hundred thousand were killed in the last Civil Wars and about two hundred thousand more have been wasted in re-peopling Ireland and two hundred thousand lost in the great Sickness and as many more gone to Plantations So that these things must bring us low of People Whereas did we Establish the Fishery Manufactures and inclosure it would quickly recruit us For we are able to contain twice the number of People we are meerly by Inclosures Though if we had but a million more of People than now we should quickly see how Trade and the vend of things would alter for the better And this would hinder people from going out of the Nation when they may have Land Preferment or Employment here Another way for increasing populacy is by encouraging all sorts of trading people to come and Inhabit here which is done by making all Nations free Denizens that will live here And why should not we as the Hollanders do at Amsterdam declare all the World to have freedom in our Nation as their own it would make us thrive infinitely and bring in all the Arts Manufactures and Ingenuity of Europe Some object they would breed a mixt Nation As for that they would signifie nothing as to the number of our own if it did why may not several Nations live under one Government as they do in Holland trading people value not that they love to

exacter Method and that there may be one Book that may be composed in each Art and Science that may be absolute and compleat in its kind and those to be written and compiled by men selected for that purpose that are very eminent in such Arts and Sciences that they who have a desire to Knowledge should be able presently to resort to the choicest Book and improvement in any Art or Science And come to knowledge and perfection in study with much less reading and trouble than now Learning might be so reduced that all Knowledge at large might be well bought for three hundred pounds or less which now ten thousand will not purchase And for a contracted Receptory of all Knowledge it were good there were an Enciclopedia or Body of all the Arts and Sciences in two or three Volumes in the Mother Tongue Alstedius hath done very ingeniously in this kind in the Latin but yet is capable of much Improvement and a Book of this nature would be most rare and excellent and if it were exactly performed would give to mankind as much knowledge as were necessary Also store of Libraries in great Cities are very useful they are as good almost as so many Academies for where there is a great concourse of People there are many of extraordinary parts who yet have not abilities to compass a stock of Books which if they had a freedom of access to would of themselves arrive to great knowledge and perfection Much more might be said of this Subject but I refer that to my Discourse of Advancement of Learning 28. Laws and easing of Debtors CAre ought to be had that the property liberty and advantage of the Subject be the especial grounds of Laws and such Laws extreamly promoted that make for a general good and profit to the Publick As for establishing unity in a Nation encouraging Trade giving employment to the People and encreasing populacy and settling Estates the Registers Office to be Erected might be beneficial if well managed And if Usury were abated it would promote Trade advance Lands make men abler to give security encrease common Charity and generally make men more Industrious Taking of Arrests on mens persons would also be beneficial to the Nation And if all Debts under fifty pounds were ended in the Parish where the Debt was by the chief of the Parishoners it were very well And all Debts under a hundred pound were concluded by three the next Justices of Peace it would prove of good consequence Also care ought to be had that men should not be Imprisoned at all for small Debts nor long for any Debt mens persons being not an equal pawn for so vile a thing as Money And for great Debts if the Law and Goods would not satisfie the person should be free for by Imprisoning he is undone that should maintain his Family then all come to beggery So the Nation is prejudiced by the malice of ill Creditors And if men are more in Debt than they are worth they should yet have some small matter as a fourth part unto themselves and Family uncapable to be seized on otherwise the Common-wealth suffers more by the absolute undoing of a man than is countervail'd by so exact Justice besides Religion and the Laws of nature bind us to more Charity and the Creditor that Imprisons and undoeth a man ought to maintain him and his Family if not the Law ought to take care he may without being beholding to the Creditor for 't is better a Rich Creditor should lose something than a Poor Subject be lost or rot in a Prison Also it would be a great advantage to the Publick and Trade one with another and Foreign parts also if Bills of Credit were made to be good in Law and answer Debts which should without ready Money maintain and advance Trade infinitely for these Bills would pass current as well as Money and save also very much the telling and luggage of carrying Money up and down and hinder the loss received by bad or clipt Coin and manage a vast Trade with the tenth part of the Silver now used which would make Money abound every where for the Common uses and the ordinary conveniences of life Many excellent improvements might be made by several new Laws Also how many old Laws are there that bar us of our advantage and how can we expect to thrive till such be repealed We complain of ill rents of Lands and yet barr that which would advance them as planting Tobacco and bringing down the Interest of Money We complain of want of vent for our Commodities and forbid Foreigners ●o Export them but in our own bottoms who will sooner do it than our own and to more advantage to ●s We complain of want of Trade and Manufacturing People and forbid them setting up Trades that have not ●een Apprentice to it Seven years ●pon which account of late many Cloathiers and Serge dealers would ●ave been put down had not the fa●our of the Judges eased them a lit●le for the present Again none can ●e free of Corporations without they have served seven years in the Corporation And also there is a Law to forbid any man to build a House that hath not four Acres of Ground belonging to it And many more old Laws there are that hinder our welfare and improvement and how is it possible for us to thrive if the Laws forbid us 29. Of Navigation and Sea Affairs NAvigation and Sea affairs might be much advanced by having publick Schools of Geography and Navigation and such there may be Erected whereby Youth may be taught in a twelve-months time to conduct a Ship at Sea as if they had been Masters and Pilates many years so that when they come to Sea they are Masters of their Ships at first sight and then their chief business will be to advance the Art of Navigation by continual experience instead of spending their times in common Notions of which they are already sufficiently stored The finding out the Longitudes and making Salt water fresh are two great secrets now in search after and there is great hopes of them which if performed will be very publick advantages so would also Post Ships to Sail with all Winds swiftly which some imagine feazible 30. Of new Inventions and Discoveries THere have been of late many Inventions Improvements and Discoveries very praise worthy the Discovery of Magellan Streights more than ever by Captain Norbury and Hudsons Bay with the Beaver Trade there by Captain Guillam Captain Goosberry and others by his Majesties encouragement also settling of the Guiny Company and the settling of New York by the Duke and Carolina by the Proprietors the discovery of the Isthmus of Panama by the Jamaica men the making of fine China brought in by Prince Rupert the making of fine Glass beyond Venice brought in by the Duke of Buckingham the polishing Glass in the nealing without grinding and the way of cementing Glasses by Mr. Reeves the polishing