of_o wealth_n have_v put_v off_o the_o sobriety_n and_o moderation_n of_o their_o predecessor_n and_o addict_v themselves_o to_o avarice_n and_o luxury_n or_o as_o thucydides_n express_v it_o their_o desire_n of_o money_n be_v improve_v with_o their_o power_n govern_v their_o people_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o insolence_n and_o oppression_n but_o most_o of_o the_o tyranny_n be_v then_o at_o that_o time_n first_o erect_v for_o the_o old_a monarchy_n have_v by_o the_o fail_n of_o the_o royal_a 5._o arist_n polit._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 14._o &_o lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o line_n or_o by_o the_o remisseness_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v change_v into_o commonwealth_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v afterward_o usurp_v by_o such_o person_n who_o have_v no_o just_a claim_n be_v force_v to_o secure_v themselves_o by_o violent_a and_o tyrannical_a course_n last_o of_o all_o because_o thucydides_n compare_v only_o the_o action_n of_o the_o old_a grecian_n with_o those_o he_o be_v about_o to_o describe_v give_v the_o advantage_n to_o the_o latter_a call_v the_o other_o the_o imbecility_n of_o ancient_a time_n he_o will_v therefore_o have_v it_o think_v that_o the_o considerer_n have_v make_v a_o unlucky_a choice_n of_o thucydides_n his_o testimony_n but_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o i_o to_o convince_v he_o that_o though_o i_o have_v on_o my_o side_n no_o other_o testimony_n which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v untrue_a the_o matter_n be_v attest_v by_o all_o the_o greek_a history_n of_o those_o remote_a age_n but_o this_o of_o thucydides_n i_o be_v upon_o term_n secure_a enough_o for_o first_o thucydides_n mention_n this_o imbecility_n only_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o time_n before_o the_o trojan_a war_n and_o not_o the_o whole_a time_n that_o greece_n be_v govern_v by_o hereditary_a monarch_n and_o then_o again_o this_o imbecility_n be_v no_o diminution_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o that_o government_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a thing_n at_o that_o time_n in_o debate_n between_o we_o nor_o yet_o any_o imputation_n to_o the_o prudence_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o any_o moral_a or_o political_a imbecility_n radicate_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o government_n but_o of_o a_o natural_a one_o equal_o attend_v the_o infancy_n of_o all_o government_n arm_n ship_n money_n and_o the_o other_o provision_n by_o which_o a_o nation_n free_v itself_o from_o this_o imbecility_n be_v not_o original_a or_o essential_a member_n of_o any_o government_n but_o like_o hair_n the_o production_n of_o age_n and_o growth_n i_o can_v not_o at_o a_o less_o expense_n of_o time_n and_o pain_n satisfy_v my_o promise_n to_o consider_v these_o passage_n of_o thucydides_n to_o some_o reader_n it_o will_v not_o possible_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o have_v be_v rescue_v from_o a_o erroneous_a apprehension_n of_o of_o that_o excellent_a author_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o gain_v by_o it_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o observe_v that_o i_o be_o not_o the_o only_a person_n who_o 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continue_v nationall_n i_o be_o desirous_a of_o give_v he_o all_o fair_a satisfaction_n and_o therefore_o be_o content_a to_o lay_v aside_o this_o instance_n and_o instead_o of_o it_o fix_v upon_o one_o in_o france_n which_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o same_o objection_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o imperial_a city_n of_o metz_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n these_o city_n be_v free_a member_n of_o the_o empire_n govern_v in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o republic_n by_o their_o own_o citizen_n as_o strasbourg_n and_o other_o imperial_a city_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o by_o consequence_n their_o balance_n must_v necessary_o have_v be_v popular_a they_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o surprise_v by_o the_o french_a who_o have_v since_o incorporate_v they_o into_o the_o crown_n the_o balance_n of_o which_o be_v by_o a_o nobility_n and_o the_o last_o king_n of_o france_n erect_v a_o parliament_n there_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o other_o member_n of_o that_o 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they_o live_v under_o the_o power_n of_o a_o governor_n but_o in_o that_o they_o differ_v not_o from_o picardy_n champagne_n languedoc_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o balance_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o therefore_o provincial_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v that_o they_o have_v a_o garrison_n upon_o they_o but_o in_o this_o their_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o all_o the_o frontier_n town_n in_o france_n which_o be_v secure_v with_o garrison_n not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o jealousy_n of_o the_o people_n as_o of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n if_o then_o the_o balance_n of_o these_o city_n can_v neither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o nationall_n one_o of_o the_o crown_n they_o live_v under_o nor_o yet_o provincial_n i_o have_v reason_n to_o put_v the_o question_n whether_o there_o may_v not_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o the_o nationall_n and_o provincial_n balance_n
very_o different_a interest_n this_o be_v also_o very_o conformable_a to_o experience_n greece_n be_v a_o country_n much_o less_o than_o england_n the_o people_n of_o it_o with_o a_o inconsiderable_a variety_n of_o dialect_n speak_v the_o same_o language_n they_o have_v the_o same_o common_a enemy_n the_o persian_a and_o be_v unite_v in_o many_o other_o particular_a interest_n yet_o all_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o reduce_v they_o into_o one_o great_a commonwealth_n but_o we_o find_v among_o they_o almost_o as_o many_o republic_n as_o city_n the_o condition_n of_o sicily_n magna_fw-la graecia_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o asia_n serve_v also_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o observation_n nay_o in_o israel_n which_o mr_n harrington_n will_v have_v pass_v for_o a_o commonwealth_n though_o the_o country_n be_v so_o narrow_a the_o people_n all_o descend_v of_o one_o family_n and_o cement_v together_o by_o a_o million_o of_o common_a concernment_n and_o obligation_n this_o thing_n be_v very_o apparent_a also_o for_o though_o it_o do_v not_o produce_v a_o total_a dissolution_n of_o the_o government_n yet_o it_o for_o some_o time_n suspend_v it_o and_o throw_v the_o people_n into_o a_o civil_a war_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jephthah_n between_o the_o man_n of_o ephraim_n and_o gilead_n 20._o jud._n cap._n 12._o &_o 20._o and_o in_o that_o of_o the_o levite_n concubine_n between_o the_o tribe_n of_o benjamin_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o israel_n there_o be_v but_o one_o imaginable_a case_n more_o to_o be_v put_v concern_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o oceana_n which_o be_v that_o though_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o power_n they_o have_v not_o entrust_v it_o all_o in_o one_o hand_n but_o have_v so_o equal_o divide_v it_o among_o the_o magistrate_n senate_n and_o prerogative_n tribe_n that_o no_o public_a action_n can_v be_v perform_v without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o all_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o improbable_a than_o that_o all_o these_o shall_v concur_v to_o the_o oppress_v the_o people_n change_v the_o government_n or_o disturb_v it_o with_o sedition_n then_o which_o great_a security_n be_v not_o attainable_a in_o matter_n of_o government_n but_o all_o this_o rise_v no_o high_a than_o the_o case_n of_o mix_a government_n for_o the_o power_n be_v whole_o pass_v from_o the_o people_n and_o divide_v equal_o among_o these_o several_a person_n this_o equality_n of_o power_n must_v upon_o their_o disagreement_n reduce_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o a_o civil_a war_n see_v it_o be_v not_o otherways_o to_o be_v judge_v which_o of_o they_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o by_o that_o a_o right_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o rest_n now_o that_o they_o can_v long_o agree_v be_v a_o consequence_n of_o that_o desire_n of_o power_n which_o be_v confess_v to_o dwell_v with_o man_n and_o will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o part_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o he_o may_v fair_o hope_v to_o possess_v entire_a and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o example_n of_o person_n thus_o possess_v of_o equal_a power_n who_o have_v for_o a_o while_o maintain_v a_o good_a correspondence_n with_o one_o another_o and_o so_o preserve_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o peace_n this_o must_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o frame_n or_o temper_v of_o the_o government_n but_o to_o some_o external_a cause_n such_o as_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o common_a impend_a danger_n or_o a_o over_o high_a estimation_n of_o one_o another_o strength_n by_o which_o there_o be_v generate_v in_o they_o a_o mutual_a fear_n of_o one_o another_o as_o two_o army_n when_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o visible_a advantage_n of_o strength_n do_v very_o often_o forbear_v engage_v out_o of_o a_o mutual_a doubt_n of_o the_o success_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o a_o state_n of_o peace_n see_v both_o be_v intent_n upon_o the_o opportunity_n of_o procure_v one_o another_o ruin_n it_o have_v be_v thus_o prove_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o oceana_n which_o be_v give_v we_o as_o the_o example_n of_o a_o most_o equal_a commonwealth_n be_v which_o way_n soever_o the_o case_n be_v state_v liable_a not_o only_o to_o sedition_n but_o which_o be_v more_o to_o a_o total_a dissolution_n it_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n evince_v that_o a_o commonwealth_n come_v up_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o kind_n come_v not_o up_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o government_n but_o have_v a_o flaw_n in_o it_o i_o do_v not_o suspect_v that_o after_o this_o mr_n harrington_n will_v any_o long_o think_v fit_a to_o accuse_v i_o of_o huddle_v thing_n together_o 40._o h._n p._n 40._o or_o neglect_v of_o principle_n it_o be_v true_a i_o can_v not_o admit_v of_o his_o principle_n because_o as_o i_o have_v often_o tell_v he_o they_o be_v mere_o effect_n &_o consequence_n of_o government_n that_o be_v no_o principle_n at_o all_o and_o while_o he_o thus_o go_v astray_o in_o the_o principle_n his_o labour_n must_v needs_o be_v unprofitable_a both_o in_o examine_v the_o model_n of_o former_a commonwealth_n and_o in_o propose_v new_a one_o of_o his_o own_o for_o at_o this_o rate_n new_a model_n of_o government_n may_v be_v contrive_v with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o a_o french_a tailor_n invent_v new_a fashion_n it_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o government_n upon_o undeniable_a principle_n and_o the_o diduction_n from_o they_o which_o render_v politic_n a_o complete_a science_n without_o which_o the_o great_a conversation_n with_o particular_a commonwealth_n can_v but_o at_o most_o make_v man_n empiric_n in_o policy_n chap._n ix_o whether_o monarchy_n come_v up_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o kind_a come_v short_a of_o the_o perfection_n of_o government_n and_o have_v some_o flaw_n in_o it_o it_o can_v not_o be_v with_o reason_n expect_v that_o i_o shall_v assert_v monarchy_n to_o be_v so_o far_o privilege_v as_o not_o to_o have_v a_o flaw_n in_o it_o for_o have_v in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o maxim_n that_o man_n will_v eternal_o mistake_v the_o point_n of_o government_n and_o think_v it_o their_o interest_n to_o subvert_v the_o supreme_a power_n i_o shall_v now_o contradict_v myself_o by_o affirm_v that_o of_o monarchical_a government_n in_o particular_a which_o i_o before_o deny_v of_o all_o government_n in_o general_n yet_o do_v not_o mr_n harrington_n gain_v any_o advantage_n by_o this_o for_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o monarchy_n come_v not_o up_o to_o the_o imaginary_a perfection_n of_o government_n which_o he_o dream_v of_o but_o be_v indeed_o neither_o in_o a_o monarchy_n nor_o a_o commonwealth_n nor_o yet_o in_o nature_n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o diffident_a of_o make_v good_a that_o a_o supreme_a hereditary_a monarchy_n attain_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o perfection_n and_o have_v few_o flaw_n in_o it_o then_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o government_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o needful_a to_o repeat_v either_o the_o principle_n or_o conclusion_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n only_o it_o will_v be_v useful_a to_o examine_v somewhat_o more_o at_o large_a the_o cause_n or_o reason_n why_o man_n be_v not_o content_a with_o the_o government_n they_o live_v under_o but_o do_v by_o a_o continual_a endeavour_n to_o subvert_v the_o sovereign_a power_n disturb_v it_o with_o sedition_n of_o which_o in_o general_n three_o reason_n may_v be_v assign_v the_o first_o be_v a_o desire_n of_o immunity_n from_o punishment_n in_o such_o person_n as_o have_v by_o their_o crime_n render_v themselves_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o law_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a as_o long_o as_o man_n be_v subject_a to_o passion_n but_o that_o such_o fault_n will_v be_v commit_v as_o the_o sovereign_a power_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o punish_v with_o death_n or_o the_o loss_n of_o estate_n the_o person_n who_o have_v commit_v those_o fault_n will_v indubitable_o seek_v to_o avoid_v the_o punishment_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o by_o raise_v a_o party_n able_a to_o resist_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o as_o criminal_a person_n seek_v to_o avoid_v punishment_n for_o crime_n already_o commit_v so_o person_n extreme_o in_o debt_n or_o indigent_a who_o be_v destitute_a of_o that_o industry_n which_o may_v procure_v they_o a_o subsistence_n in_o a_o regular_a way_n know_v not_o how_o to_o live_v but_o by_o rapine_n and_o invade_v other_o man_n propriety_n desire_v to_o disturb_v the_o government_n that_o they_o may_v find_v security_n in_o those_o crime_n which_o for_o the_o future_a they_o resolve_v to_o commit_v the_o second_o be_v a_o want_n of_o judgement_n to_o discern_v the_o misery_n which_o attend_v war_n for_o when_o a_o people_n have_v so_o long_o enjoy_v peace_n that_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o wretched_a effect_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n be_v deface_v they_o be_v very_o frequent_o deaf_a to_o the_o
à _fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la ad_fw-la non_fw-la posse_fw-la or_o affirm_v because_o a_o thing_n have_v not_o yet_o be_v it_o can_v never_o be_v be_v peculiar_a to_o mr_n harrington_n but_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_n other_o man_n will_v not_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o sufficient_a security_n especial_o if_o they_o consider_v how_o the_o people_n be_v now_o teach_v principle_n before_o unknown_a to_o they_o that_o the_o balance_n of_o dominion_n in_o land_n be_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o empire_n and_o that_o the_o balance_n ought_v to_o be_v fix_v by_o a_o agrarian_a law_n for_o in_o oceana_n every_o man_n who_o be_v not_o a_o servant_n above_o 18_o year_n of_o age_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v arm_n and_o every_o man_n above_o 30_o be_v capable_a of_o magistracy_n the_o people_n find_v the_o empire_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n must_v of_o necessity_n conclude_v the_o balance_n ought_v to_o be_v there_o too_o and_o consequent_o must_v endeavour_v to_o take_v down_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o agrarian_a so_o low_a as_o that_o the_o land_n may_v come_v to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o if_o the_o people_n in_o other_o government_n for_o example_n under_o the_o late_a monarchy_n do_v never_o 44._o h._n pag._n 44._o so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o level_v the_o nobility_n it_o be_v partly_o because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o apprehend_v it_o as_o they_o will_v do_v now_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n just_a and_o necessary_a and_o partly_o because_o they_o want_v power_n to_o do_v it_o their_o arm_n depend_v upon_o the_o nobility_n and_o their_o vote_n in_o the_o commons_o house_n be_v insignificant_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n but_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o oceana_n the_o people_n can_v not_o want_v power_n and_o interest_n to_o effect_v it_o either_o by_o the_o way_n of_o arm_n or_o vote_n by_o the_o way_n of_o arm_n the_o people_n amount_v to_o 200000_o arm_a man_n with_o commander_n and_o officer_n choose_v by_o themselves_o out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n and_o have_v a_o certain_a rendezvous_n appoint_v in_o reference_n to_o their_o muster_n need_v but_o declare_v their_o resolution_n to_o have_v the_o agrarian_a take_v down_o to_o a_o less_o rate_n than_o 2000l_n p._n a_o and_o the_o whole_a business_n be_v dispatch_v for_o they_o who_o can_v have_v a_o interest_n to_o keep_v it_o up_o at_o that_o rate_n not_o be_v above_o 5000_o man_n can_v not_o possible_o resist_v so_o much_o a_o great_a multitude_n that_o be_v already_o arm_v and_o form_v into_o a_o body_n so_o that_o the_o people_n of_o oceana_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deter_v from_o this_o attempt_n by_o the_o fear_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n and_o the_o loss_n they_o may_v sustain_v by_o it_o though_o by_o the_o way_n if_o that_o reflection_n be_v enough_o to_o keep_v the_o people_n qâ—uet_n there_o will_v be_v little_a need_n ever_o to_o fear_v their_o stir_n see_v the_o 5000_o man_n can_v not_o do_v otherwise_o then_o immediate_o submit_v as_o be_v apparent_o too_o weak_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o state_n of_o war._n but_o if_o the_o people_n of_o oceana_n choose_v rather_o to_o manage_v this_o design_n by_o the_o way_n of_o vote_n they_o may_v with_o more_o ease_n effect_v it_o for_o the_o elder_n or_o man_n capable_a of_o magistracy_n in_o oceana_n be_v 100000_o in_o number_n and_o they_o who_o possess_v 2000l_n p._n a_o be_v but_o 5000_o in_o number_n the_o same_o proportion_n according_a to_o a_o equal_a calculation_n must_v hold_v in_o the_o deputy_n at_o the_o prerogative_n tribe_n wherefore_o in_o the_o representative_a or_o prerogative_n tribe_n there_o will_v be_v twenty_o for_o one_o who_o will_v have_v a_o interest_n to_o vote_n the_o agrarian_a down_o to_o a_o low_a standard_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o this_o will_v come_v to_o absolute_a level_v or_o give_v to_o every_o man_n as_o mr_n harrington_n compute_v it_o ten_o pound_n 45._o h._n pag._n 45._o a_o year_n but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a it_o shall_v stay_v soon_o than_o at_o about_o 200_o pound_n a_o year_n but_o that_o be_v make_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o agrarian_a or_o the_o great_a estate_n which_o any_o man_n can_v possess_v in_o land_n there_o can_v not_o be_v less_o than_o 50000_o person_n concern_v to_o keep_v it_o from_o go_v low_o which_o number_n will_v it_o be_v likely_a prove_v considerable_a enough_o to_o fix_v it_o at_o that_o rate_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o my_o three_o argument_n he_o take_v pleasure_n in_o stray_v out_o of_o a_o plain_a way_n and_o will_v understand_v i_o as_o if_o i_o have_v say_v the_o old_a jew_n during_o their_o be_v inhabitant_n of_o canaan_n be_v great_a trader_n i_o be_o not_o aware_a that_o any_o ambiguity_n in_o my_o word_n can_v give_v he_o a_o occasion_n of_o this_o thought_n but_o howsoever_o i_o be_o content_a to_o explain_v myself_o better_a by_o declare_v that_o i_o mean_v this_o of_o the_o modern_a jew_n who_o though_o dispossess_v of_o canaan_n be_v every_o where_o so_o rich_a that_o unless_o perhaps_o in_o solomon_n time_n their_o ancestor_n can_v never_o have_v compare_v estate_n with_o they_o and_o as_o they_o have_v no_o land_n be_v all_o merchant_n so_o in_o oceana_n the_o possession_n of_o land_n be_v limit_v man_n who_o aim_v at_o far_a riches_n or_o power_n will_v convert_v their_o stock_n into_o traffic_n by_o which_o emporium_n will_v be_v increase_v beyond_o the_o proportion_n consist_v with_o the_o security_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n these_o be_v the_o considerer_n thought_n which_o mr_n harrington_n seem_v not_o to_o disallow_v of_o but_o only_o in_o the_o last_o particular_a that_o the_o greatness_n of_o emporium_n can_v prove_v dangerous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o oceana_n to_o make_v this_o probable_a i_o must_v begin_v a_o good_a way_n off_o of_o commonwealth_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a some_o have_v be_v found_v upon_o one_o great_a city_n in_o which_o be_v resident_n not_o only_o the_o magistrate_n and_o senate_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n which_o constitue_n the_o commonwealth_n such_o be_v of_o old_a athens_n syracuse_z carthage_n rome_n at_o present_a venice_n and_o genoa_n these_o city_n be_v both_o the_o heart_n and_o head_n of_o their_o several_a commonwealth_n in_o they_o the_o principal_a action_n of_o life_n be_v perform_v and_o from_o thence_o blood_n and_o spirit_n be_v convey_v into_o all_o the_o part_n their_o increase_n be_v the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o health_n the_o republic_n can_v not_o die_v hereupon_o have_v all_o wise_a legislator_n contrive_v and_o encourage_v the_o increase_n of_o these_o city_n both_o in_o population_n and_o riches_n for_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n comprehend_v within_o their_o wall_n their_o enlargement_n can_v never_o cause_v any_o inequality_n or_o danger_n to_o the_o public_a if_o it_o be_v 98._o ocean_n p._n 147_o h._n p._n 98._o think_v that_o i_o commit_v a_o error_n in_o place_v rome_n in_o this_o classis_fw-la of_o commonwealth_n see_v her_o rustic_a tribe_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a both_o for_o number_n and_o reputation_n my_o inducement_n to_o it_o be_v first_o that_o at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o rustic_a tribe_n they_o be_v so_o near_o adjacent_a to_o the_o city_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o difference_n as_o to_o the_o facility_n of_o assemble_v together_o between_o they_o and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n itself_o and_o then_o second_o that_o before_o rome_n have_v attain_v any_o considerable_a greatness_n the_o tribe_n be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o local_a acception_n but_o only_o as_o so_o many_o division_n of_o the_o people_n to_o some_o one_o of_o which_o every_o citizen_n wheresoever_o inhabit_v most_o necessary_o relate_v as_o with_o we_o every_o freeman_n of_o london_n must_v be_v of_o some_o one_o of_o the_o old_a company_n and_o it_o be_v in_o this_o sense_n that_o the_o patrician_n choose_v to_o be_v of_o some_o rustic_a tribe_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o my_o lord_n major_n be_v a_o skinner_n or_o a_o merchant_n taylor_n but_o three_o though_o rome_n have_v her_o rustic_a tribe_n and_o athens_n her_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o population_n in_o the_o country_n none_o of_o these_o have_v right_o to_o assemble_v within_o their_o own_o precinct_n for_o choose_v magistrate_n or_o nominate_a deputy_n to_o represent_v they_o nor_o have_v any_o capacity_n of_o deal_n in_o public_a affair_n unless_o they_o in_o person_n repair_v to_o the_o capital_a city_n so_o that_o this_o city_n still_o remain_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n all_o public_a business_n be_v transact_v within_o her_o wall_n
other_o commonwealth_n have_v not_o be_v raise_v upon_o the_o greatness_n of_o one_o city_n but_o have_v consist_v of_o the_o confederacy_n or_o league_n of_o many_o of_o which_o sort_n so_o many_o example_n occur_v among_o the_o grecian_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o name_v any_o of_o modern_a one_o the_o union_n of_o the_o netherlandish_a province_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n and_o in_o this_o case_n no_o one_o city_n can_v acquire_v a_o extraordinary_a greatness_n without_o danger_n to_o the_o liberty_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n or_o at_o least_o of_o dissolution_n to_o the_o union_n thus_o the_o city_n of_o thebes_n be_v grow_v powerful_a take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o boeotian_n their_o confederate_n and_o thus_o the_o elian_o be_v enrich_v by_o the_o conflux_n of_o people_n to_o the_o olympian_a game_n encroach_v upon_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o neighbour_a to_n that_o amstredam_n of_o late_a year_n huge_o advance_v by_o traffic_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o do_v as_o much_o for_o the_o unite_a state_n and_o have_v in_o part_n attempt_v it_o be_v intimate_v by_o the_o considerer_n the_o action_n be_v fresh_a and_o those_o relation_n and_o discourse_n which_o be_v publish_v make_v every_o man_n a_o judge_n if_o mr_n harrington_n be_v satisfy_v that_o their_o action_n resist_v not_o 98._o h._n p._n 98._o the_o interest_n of_o liberty_n but_o of_o a_o lord_n he_o may_v deserve_v a_o pension_n in_o communicate_v this_o satisfaction_n to_o they_o of_o zealand_n frizeland_n and_o overyssell_n a_o three_o sort_n of_o commonwealth_n be_v those_o which_o consist_v not_o of_o league_n or_o union_n neither_o be_v seat_v in_o some_o one_o great_a city_n but_o be_v diffuse_v through_o a_o whole_a nation_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v assemble_v but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o representative_a body_n of_o this_o kind_n you_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v many_o example_n israel_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v evince_v to_o have_v be_v a_o commonwealth_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v such_o a_o one_o and_o such_o a_o one_o be_v the_o propose_a model_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n for_o oceana_n in_o these_o the_o disproportionate_a greatness_n of_o any_o one_o city_n become_v still_o more_o dangerous_a for_o now_o this_o city_n be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v repute_v the_o head_n or_o heart_n but_o the_o spleen_n or_o liver_n who_o overgrowth_n bring_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n to_o decay_n or_o ruin_n any_o one_o city_n so_o overtop_v the_o rest_n constitute_v rempublicam_a in_o republica_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o it_o will_v always_o stand_v unite_v in_o reference_n to_o their_o own_o interest_n even_o when_o it_o look_v a_o squint_a upon_o that_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o israel_n indeed_o they_o need_v not_o to_o fear_v this_o inconvenience_n for_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o before_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o monarchy_n any_o one_o city_n have_v so_o much_o advantage_n over_o the_o rest_n as_o to_o claim_v the_o dignity_n of_o a_o metropolis_n but_o in_o monarchy_n the_o mischief_n have_v be_v frequent_a paris_n both_o former_o and_o in_o our_o time_n have_v be_v the_o rise_n and_o retreat_n of_o several_a rebellion_n ghendt_fw-ge and_o liege_n have_v more_o than_o once_o do_v as_o much_o for_o their_o prince_n in_o spain_n the_o war_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr communidades_fw-mi take_v its_o beginning_n from_o toledo_n valladolid_n valentia_n and_o two_o or_o three_o more_o great_a to_n and_o that_o the_o mischief_n shall_v be_v multiply_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n i_o have_v one_o reason_n more_o to_o think_v which_o be_v that_o a_o monarch_n can_v by_o the_o residence_n of_o his_o court_n that_o bring_v so_o ample_a profit_n to_o a_o city_n lay_v a_o obligation_n upon_o they_o which_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n can_v amount_v to_o very_o little_a or_o rather_o nothing_o to_o make_v a_o end_n the_o city_n of_o emporium_n be_v already_o so_o potent_a that_o it_o may_v will_v be_v doubt_v whether_o she_o will_v be_v content_a with_o that_o portion_n mr_n harrington_n have_v allow_v she_o in_o his_o commonwealth_n of_o oceana_n and_o whether_o when_o she_o lose_v the_o honour_n of_o obey_v a_o prince_n she_o will_v not_o think_v her_o common_a council_n as_o good_a as_o the_o prerogative_n tribe_n and_o her_o commander_n in_o chief_a as_o the_o strategus_n of_o oceana_n therefore_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o have_v dispose_v of_o their_o son_n in_o the_o city_n may_v fair_o expect_v to_o see_v they_o prince_n the_o rest_n may_v do_v well_o to_o consider_v whether_o the_o bear_n be_v skin_n will_v keep_v they_o warm_v while_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o bear_v back_o and_o whether_o they_o can_v live_v upon_o the_o reversion_n of_o those_o estate_n mr_n harrington_n have_v promise_v 100_o h._n p._n 100_o they_o in_o the_o first_o province_n his_o commonwealth_n conquer_v the_o four_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o the_o difficulty_n of_o make_v the_o agrarian_a equal_a and_o steady_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o inconstant_a value_n of_o money_n but_o this_o say_v he_o be_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o 101._o h._n p._n 101._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o new_a survey_n at_o the_o present_a rent_n be_v take_v the_o agrarian_n shall_v ordain_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v thenceforth_o hold_v above_o so_o much_o land_n as_o there_o be_v value_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o 2000l_n per_fw-la a_o though_o this_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o order_n i_o deny_v not_o that_o it_o be_v hint_v in_o one_o of_o the_o speech_n but_o this_o be_v to_o recompense_v one_o error_n by_o commit_v another_o that_o be_v great_a or_o to_o cure_v a_o ague_n by_o a_o fever_n the_o value_n of_o mony'tis_o true_a be_v always_o in_o motion_n but_o not_o in_o so_o swift_a and_o irregular_a one_o as_o the_o improvement_n of_o land_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o improvement_n of_o rent_n or_o the_o advantage_n the_o landlord_n make_v upon_o the_o farmer_n but_o of_o that_o natural_a one_o which_o sometime_o consist_v in_o the_o meliorate_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o as_o by_o derivation_n of_o water_n sometime_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o profitable_a mineral_n and_o sometime_o by_o employ_v the_o ground_n to_o a_o new_a husbandry_n as_o the_o plant_n tobacco_n hops_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v already_o and_o may_v for_o the_o future_a be_v invent_v by_o all_o these_o way_n the_o value_n of_o land_n may_v come_v to_o be_v many_o time_n multiply_v and_o consequent_o the_o agrarian_a notwithstanding_o this_o provision_n must_v soon_o recede_v from_o the_o first_o design_n of_o its_o institution_n he_o need_v not_o now_o have_v be_v put_v in_o mind_n of_o this_o if_o he_o will_v have_v learn_v this_o lesson_n of_o aristotle_n that_o those_o order_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n 8._o pol._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 8._o which_o relate_v to_o the_o census_n or_o valuation_n of_o estate_n must_v be_v renew_v and_o adapt_v continual_o to_o the_o census_n through_o all_o its_o shift_n and_o change_n and_o this_o at_o further_a once_o in_o five_o year_n that_o the_o agrarian_n do_v not_o stem_n but_o follow_v the_o tide_n of_o custom_n in_o this_o nation_n will_v scarce_o meet_v with_o belief_n notwithstanding_o mr_n harrington_n undertake_n as_o long_o as_o we_o have_v before_o our_o eye_n so_o many_o example_n of_o elder_a brother_n and_o great_a purchaser_n but_o i_o mean_v not_o to_o trouble_v he_o with_o any_o discourse_n about_o keep_v or_o break_v old_a custom_n that_o will_v be_v as_o to_o this_o subject_n but_o a_o common_a place_n of_o talk_n and_o if_o the_o agrarian_a be_v a_o thing_n so_o customary_a his_o pain_n in_o discover_v of_o it_o merit_v the_o less_o of_o thanks_o from_o the_o public_a for_o though_o we_o usual_o give_v money_n to_o those_o who_o show_v we_o a_o hare_n or_o partridge_n it_o have_v not_o be_v make_v a_o fashion_n to_o reward_v such_o as_o bring_v we_o to_o a_o crow_n or_o a_o jack-daw_n after_o all_o this_o that_o a_o agrarian_n be_v necessary_a 102._o h._n pag._n 102._o unto_o government_n be_v it_o what_o it_o will_v and_o as_o much_o to_o king_n as_o unto_o commonwealth_n i_o can_v not_o give_v my_o assent_n the_o reason_n of_o my_o not_o do_v so_o have_v be_v make_v out_o abundant_o unless_o i_o have_v have_v the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o throw_v away_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o that_o of_o the_o balance_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o these_o notion_n be_v of_o good_a concernment_n if_o take_v in_o general_a and_o without_o this_o severe_a restriction_n to_o estate_n in_o land_n i_o lay_v it_o for_o a_o ground_n that_o prince_n ought_v to_o consider_v riches_n as_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a instrument_n of_o govern_v that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o they_o shall_v not_o think_v a_o crown_n worth_a wear_n unless_o
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serious_o addict_v to_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n five_o he_o imagine_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o old_a hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o the_o new_a erect_a tyranny_n to_o have_v be_v only_o in_o the_o people_n apprehension_n of_o they_o who_o be_v grow_v rich_a call_v that_o government_n tyranny_n which_o before_o during_o their_o poverty_n they_o have_v be_v content_a to_o own_o for_o a_o lawful_a monarchy_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o be_v a_o true_a servant_n to_o his_o own_o supposition_n but_o not_o to_o be_v a_o faithful_a historian_n of_o the_o action_n of_o other_o man_n for_o in_o some_o of_o these_o tyranny_n the_o change_n from_o monarchy_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o prince_n themselves_o who_o upon_o 10._o arist_n polit._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 15._o &_o lib._n 5._o cap._n 10._o the_o increase_n
never_o conquer_v by_o any_o monarch_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n unto_o this_o day_n yet_o that_o the_o considerer_n may_v have_v no_o temptation_n to_o be_v proud_a mr_n harrington_n let_v he_o see_v how_o he_o lie_v at_o mercy_n and_o how_o his_o project_n of_o a_o monarchy_n whensoever_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o use_v so_o kill_v a_o argument_n may_v be_v total_o 74._o h._n p._n 74._o ruin_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o king_n of_o yvetot_n i_o acknowledge_v the_o great_a importance_n of_o that_o argument_n and_o be_o willing_a to_o come_v to_o term_n with_o he_o about_o it_o and_o so_o long_o as_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o suppress_v this_o example_n of_o yvetot_n in_o exchange_n of_o the_o kindness_n i_o promise_v he_o not_o to_o draw_v any_o argument_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o monarchy_n from_o the_o ancient_n and_o illustrious_a reign_n of_o king_n oberon_n but_o the_o considerer_n must_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o truth_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o general_a answer_n will_v not_o serve_v mr_n harrington_n turn_v but_o he_o go_v on_o to_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o truth_n in_o the_o instance_n which_o i_o bring_v to_o prove_v that_o commonwealth_n have_v be_v conquer_v by_o monarch_n the_o first_o of_o those_o be_v take_v from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o grecian_n plant_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o asia_n concern_v which_o i_o be_o challenge_v to_o show_v that_o they_o 75._o h._n p._n 75._o come_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lydian_a and_o persian_a monarch_n by_o conquest_n or_o otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o purchase_n of_o croesus_n his_o money_n i_o be_o ashamed_a that_o mr_n harrington_n shall_v thus_o go_v on_o to_o oblige_v i_o he_o have_v teach_v a_o new_a way_n by_o i_o near_o think_v on_o for_o the_o dissolution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n let_v a_o people_n be_v unite_v into_o a_o republic_n let_v their_o city_n be_v fortify_v with_o wall_n let_v they_o 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which_o inhabit_v asia_n he_o force_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n he_o make_v his_o friend_n but_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o croesus_n all_o the_o grecian_n be_v freevill_n this_o for_o their_o subiugation_n by_o the_o lydian_a monarch_n concern_v the_o persian_a we_o will_v once_o more_o try_v our_o fortune_n with_o a_o testimony_n out_o of_o thucydides_n as_o other_o by_o other_o 10._o thucyd._n lib._n 1._o pag._n 10._o mean_n be_v keep_v back_o from_o grow_v great_a so_o also_o the_o jonian_o by_o this_o that_o the_o persian_a affair_n prosper_v cyrus_n and_o the_o persian_a kingdom_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o croesus_n make_v war_n upon_o all_o that_o lie_v from_o the_o river_n halys_n to_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o so_o subdue_v all_o the_o city_n which_o they_o possess_v in_o the_o continent_n and_o darius_n afterward_o when_o he_o have_v overcome_v the_o phoenissian_n fleet_n do_v the_o like_a to_o they_o in_o the_o island_n both_o which_o testimony_n be_v sum_v up_o by_o strabo_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o persian_n be_v the_o first_o who_o obtain_v dominion_n over_o the_o 15._o strabo_n l._n 15._o grecian_n for_o though_o the_o lydian_n have_v command_n of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o through_o all_o asia_n but_o only_o of_o a_o small_a part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v within_o the_o river_n halys_n and_o that_o only_a for_o a_o small_a time_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o croesus_n and_o alyattes_n but_o they_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o persian_n lose_v to_o they_o whatsoever_o glory_n they_o have_v gain_v for_o the_o persian_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v subdue_v the_o mede_n present_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o lydian_n and_o bring_v into_o subjection_n the_o grecian_n in_o asia_n upon_o the_o defeat_n of_o croesus_n the_o asiatic_a republic_n have_v it_o seem_v recover_v their_o liberty_n so_o far_o as_o to_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o dispute_v it_o with_o cyrus_n which_o be_v clear_o 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can_v not_o be_v show_v to_o have_v have_v the_o command_n of_o any_o considerable_a army_n will_v not_o serve_v to_o enervate_v it_o of_o the_o jonian_o be_v eleven_o or_o twelve_o city_n of_o the_o aeolian_o as_o many_o of_o the_o dorian_n five_o with_o their_o territory_n all_o unite_a by_o league_n and_o confederacy_n now_o by_o grant_v that_o these_o have_v no_o considerable_a army_n which_o lie_v under_o a_o great_a suspicion_n of_o falsehood_n for_o they_o have_v one_o good_a enough_o to_o venture_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n with_o harpagus_n one_o of_o cyrus_n his_o lieutenant_n general_n he_o grant_v the_o vanity_n of_o his_o own_o conceit_n that_o military_a virtue_n shall_v be_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o popular_a government_n or_o that_o commonwealth_n have_v mere_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o policy_n be_v preserve_v from_o be_v conquer_v by_o monarch_n in_o the_o example_n of_o the_o sicilian_a republic_n which_o i_o next_o make_v use_v of_o mr_n harrington_n say_v 75._o h._n pag._n 75._o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o presumption_n in_o my_o favour_n but_o either_o his_o skill_n or_o his_o fidelity_n in_o point_n of_o history_n be_v so_o slender_a that_o we_o can_v not_o rely_v upon_o his_o word_n the_o condition_n of_o sicily_n in_o the_o age_n we_o dispute_v about_o be_v not_o unlike_a that_o of_o greece_n the_o seacoa_v be_v plant_v with_o several_a populous_a and_o opulent_a city_n which_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n make_v so_o many_o distinct_a commonwealth_n subsist_v by_o themselves_o and_o join_v only_o by_o league_n not_o durable_a but_o transient_a and_o change_a according_a to_o the_o exigence_n of_o affaires_n the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o these_o be_v syracuse_n which_o know_v so_o ill_o how_o to_o conserve_v her_o liberty_n that_o for_o the_o great_a part_n she_o live_v under_o the_o power_n of_o absolute_a prince_n who_o the_o popular_a grecian_n than_o the_o only_a master_n of_o appellation_n teach_v the_o world_n to_o call_v tyrant_n though_o some_o of_o they_o be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v prince_n of_o excellent_a virtue_n and_o goodness_n that_o these_o be_v entrust_v by_o the_o syracusian_n themselves_z and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v account_v to_o have_v come_v to_o their_o power_n by_o conquest_n i_o have_v no_o need_n to_o deny_v for_o mr_n harrington_n err_v very_o much_o if_o he_o think_v these_o be_v the_o example_n i_o at_o first_o intend_v i_o shall_v only_o insist_v upon_o such_o acquisition_n as_o have_v be_v make_v by_o these_o absolute_a prince_n of_o syracuse_n over_o the_o sicilian_a republic_n in_o respect_n of_o who_o their_o arm_n be_v foreign_a and_o their_o success_n pure_a conquest_n it_o be_v only_o a_o piece_n of_o ostentation_n to_o heap_v together_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n i_o will_v neglect_v such_o as_o