other_o noble_a virgin_n have_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o enemy_n for_o hostage_n on_o account_n of_o a_o truce_n when_o obtain_v the_o liberty_n to_o bathe_v themselves_o in_o tiber_n she_o get_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o rest_n encourage_v they_o to_o follow_v she_o through_o the_o water_n to_o the_o roman_n though_o the_o consul_n generous_o send_v they_o back_o to_o the_o enemy_n camp_n porsenna_n have_v no_o soon_o draw_v off_o his_o army_n but_o the_o sabine_n and_o latin_n join_v in_o a_o confederacy_n against_o rome_n and_o though_o they_o be_v extreme_o weaken_a by_o the_o desertion_n of_o appius_n claudius_n who_o go_v over_o with_o five_o thousand_o family_n to_o the_o roman_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o be_v entire_o subdue_v till_o they_o receive_v a_o total_a overthrow_n from_o valerius_n poplicola_n ibid._n poplicola_n ibid._n but_o the_o aequi_n and_o the_o volsci_n the_o most_o obstinate_a of_o the_o latin_n and_o the_o continual_a enemy_n of_o rome_n carry_v on_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o war_n for_o several_a year_n till_o it_o be_v happy_o conclude_v by_o lucius_n quinctius_n the_o famous_a dictator_n take_v from_o the_o plough_n in_o less_o than_o fifteen_o day_n time_n upon_o which_o florus_n have_v this_o witty_a remark_n that_o he_o make_v more_o than_o ordinary_a haste_n to_o his_o unfinished_a work_n 11._o work_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o but_o they_o that_o make_v the_o great_a opposition_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o veii_n the_o head_n of_o tuscany_n a_o city_n not_o inferior_a to_o rome_n either_o in_o store_n of_o arm_n or_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n they_o have_v contend_v with_o the_o roman_n in_o a_o long_a series_n of_o battle_n for_o glory_n and_o empire_n but_o have_v be_v weaken_a and_o bring_v down_o in_o several_a encounter_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o secure_v themselves_o within_o their_o wall_n and_o after_o a_o ten_o year_n siege_n the_o town_n be_v force_v and_o sack_v by_o camillus_n life_n camillus_n plutard_n in_o his_o life_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o roman_n extend_v their_o conquest_n when_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o gaul_n make_v a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o italy_n they_o be_v at_o this_o time_n besiege_v clusium_n a_o tascan_a city_n the_o clusian_o send_v to_o the_o roman_n desire_v they_o to_o interpose_v by_o ambassador_n on_o their_o behalf_n their_o request_n be_v easy_o grant_v and_o three_o of_o the_o fabii_n person_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n in_o the_o city_n dispatch_v for_o this_o purpose_n to_o the_o gallic_a camp_n the_o gaul_n in_o respect_n to_o the_o name_n of_o rome_n receive_v they_o with_o all_o imaginable_a civility_n but_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v prevail_v on_o to_o quit_v the_o siege_n whereupon_o the_o ambassador_n go_v into_o the_o town_n and_o encourage_v the_o clusian_o to_o a_o sally_n one_o of_o they_o be_v see_v personal_o engage_v in_o the_o action_n this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v resent_v in_o so_o high_a a_o manner_n by_o the_o enemy_n that_o break_v up_o from_o before_o clusium_n the_o whole_a army_n march_v direct_o towards_o rome_n about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n they_o meet_v with_o the_o roman_a army_n command_v by_o the_o military_a tribune_n who_o engage_v without_o any_o order_n or_o discipline_n receive_v a_o entire_a defeat_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o this_o ill_a news_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n immediate_o flee_v those_o that_o resolve_v to_o stay_v fortify_v themselves_o in_o the_o capitol_n the_o gaul_n soon_o appear_v at_o the_o city-gate_n and_o destroy_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n carry_v on_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o capitol_n with_o all_o imaginable_a fury_n at_o last_o resolve_v on_o a_o general_a assault_n they_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o cackle_v of_o the_o goose_n that_o be_v keep_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o as_o many_o as_o have_v climb_v the_o rampart_n be_v drive_v down_o by_o the_o valiant_a manlius_n when_o camillus_n set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o rear_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n that_o he_o get_v together_o about_o the_o country_n give_v they_o a_o total_a overthrow_n the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o that_o escape_v our_o of_o the_o field_n be_v cut_v off_o in_o straggle_a party_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o village_n the_o city_n have_v be_v so_o entire_o demolish_v that_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o people_n they_o think_v of_o remove_v to_o veii_n a_o city_n ready_a build_v and_o excellent_o provide_v of_o all_o thing_n but_o be_v divert_v from_o this_o design_n by_o a_o omen_n as_o they_o think_v they_o set_v to_o the_o work_n with_o such_o extraordinary_a diligence_n and_o application_n that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o year_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v rebuilt_a they_o have_v scarce_o gain_v a_o breathing-time_n after_o their_o trouble_n when_o the_o unite_a power_n of_o the_o aequi_n volsci_n and_o other_o inhabitant_n of_o latium_n at_o once_o invade_v their_o territory_n but_o they_o be_v soon_o overreach_v by_o a_o stratagem_n of_o camillus_n and_o total_o rout_v camil._n rout_v plut._n in_o vit_fw-mi camil._n nor_o have_v the_o samnite_n any_o better_a fate_n though_o a_o people_n very_o numerous_a and_o of_o great_a experience_n in_o war._n the_o contention_n with_o they_o last_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o year_n 16._o year_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o when_o they_o be_v final_o subdue_v by_o papirius_n cursor_n 10._o cursor_n liv._o lib._n 10._o the_o tarentine_n war_n that_o follow_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o italy_n tarentum_n a_o city_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o beauty_n seat_v on_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v especial_o remarkable_a for_o the_o commerce_n it_o maintain_v with_o most_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n as_o epirus_n illyricum_n sicily_n etc._n etc._n 18._o etc._n flor._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o among_o other_o ornament_n of_o their_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a theatre_n for_o public_a sport_n build_v hard_o by_o the_o seashore_n they_o happen_v to_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o celebration_n of_o some_o such_o solemnity_n when_o upon_o sight_n of_o the_o roman_a fleet_n that_o casual_o sail_v by_o their_o coast_n imagine_v they_o to_o be_v enemy_n they_o immediate_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o kill_v the_o commander_n rifle_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n ambassador_n be_v soon_o dispatch_v from_o rome_n to_o demand_v satisfaction_n but_o they_o meet_v with_o as_o ill_a reception_n as_o the_o fleet_n be_v disgraceful_o send_v away_o without_o so_o much_o as_o a_o hear_v upon_o this_o a_o war_n be_v soon_o commence_v between_o the_o state_n the_o tarentines_n be_v increase_v by_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o ally_n from_o all_o part_n but_o he_o that_o make_v the_o great_a appearance_n in_o their_o behalf_n be_v pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n the_o most_o experience_a general_n of_o his_o time_n beside_o the_o choice_a of_o his_o troop_n that_o accompany_v he_o in_o the_o expedition_n he_o bring_v into_o the_o field_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o elephant_n a_o sort_n of_o beast_n scarce_o hear_v of_o till_o that_o time_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o first_o engagement_n the_o roman_n be_v in_o fair_a hope_n of_o a_o victory_n when_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n be_v entire_o change_v upon_o the_o come_n up_o of_o the_o elephant_n who_o make_v such_o a_o prodigious_a destruction_n in_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n that_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v but_o the_o politic_a general_n have_v experience_v so_o well_o the_o roman_a courage_n immediate_o after_o the_o victory_n send_v to_o offer_v condition_n for_o a_o peace_n but_o be_v absolute_o refuse_v in_o the_o next_o battle_n the_o advantage_n be_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n who_o have_v not_o now_o such_o dismal_a apprehension_n of_o the_o elephant_n as_o before_o however_o the_o business_n come_v to_o another_o engagement_n when_o the_o elephant_n overrun_v whole_a rank_n of_o their_o own_o man_n occasion_v by_o the_o cry_n of_o a_o young_a one_o that_o have_v be_v wound_v give_v the_o roman_n a_o absolute_a victory_n ibid._n victory_n florus_n ibid._n twenty_o three_o thousand_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v kill_v 2._o kill_v eutropius_n lib._n 2._o and_o pyrrhus_n final_o expel_v italy_n in_o this_o war_n the_o roman_n have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o subdue_v the_o other_o part_n that_o remain_v unconquered_a under_o the_o pretext_n of_o ally_n to_o the_o tarentines_n so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n about_o the_o 477th_o year_n of_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n ibid._n city_n ibid._n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o the_o entire_a master_n of_o italy_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o punic_n war_n to_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n but_o
the_o command_n of_o the_o continent_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o roman_a courage_n especial_o while_o they_o see_v so_o delicious_a a_o isle_n as_o sicily_n almost_o within_o their_o reach_n they_o only_o wait_v a_o occasion_n to_o pass_v the_o sea_n when_o fortune_n present_v as_o fair_a a_o one_o as_o they_o can_v wish_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o messina_n a_o sicilian_a city_n make_v grievous_a complaint_n to_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n a_o people_n of_o vast_a wealth_n and_o power_n and_o that_o have_v the_o same_o design_n on_o sicily_n as_o the_o roman_n 2._o roman_n florus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o a_o fleet_n be_v soon_o man_v out_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o city_n be_v bring_v over_o 2._o over_o eutrop._n lib._n 2._o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o the_o island_n quick_o follow_v and_o sardinia_n and_o corfica_n be_v take_v in_o about_o the_o same_o time_n by_o a_o separate_a squadron_n and_o now_o under_o the_o command_n of_o regulus_n and_o manlius_n the_o consul_n the_o war_n be_v translate_v into_o africa_n three_o hundred_o fort_n and_o castle_n be_v destroy_v in_o their_o march_n and_o the_o victorious_a legion_n encamp_v under_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n the_o enemy_n reduce_v to_o such_o strait_n be_v oblige_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o xantippus_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o age_n who_o immediate_o march_v to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n in_o the_o very_a first_o engagement_n with_o the_o roman_n he_o entire_o defeat_v their_o whole_a power_n thirty_o thousand_o be_v kill_v on_o the_o spot_n and_o fifteen_o thousand_o with_o the_o consul_n regulus_n take_v prisoner_n but_o as_o good_a success_n always_o encourage_v the_o roman_n to_o great_a design_n so_o a_o contrary_a event_n do_v but_o exasperate_v they_o the_o more_o the_o new_a consul_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v with_o a_o powerful_a navy_n and_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n several_a campaignes_n be_v now_o waste_v without_o any_o considerable_a advantage_n on_o either_o side_n or_o if_o the_o roman_n gain_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o victory_n they_o general_o lose_v as_o much_o by_o shipwreck_n when_o at_o last_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o both_o state_n be_v draw_v together_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v final_o defeat_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o 125_o ship_n sink_v in_o the_o engagement_n 73_o taken_z 32000_o man_n kill_v and_o 13000_o prisoner_n upon_o this_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o sue_v for_o a_o peace_n which_o after_o much_o entreaty_n and_o upon_o very_o hard_a condition_n be_v at_o last_o obtain_v 2._o obtain_v eutrop._n lib._n 2._o but_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v too_o great_a spirit_n to_o submit_v to_o such_o terrible_a term_n any_o long_a than_o their_o necessity_n oblige_v they_o in_o four_o year_n time_n 6._o time_n florus_n lib._n 2._o c._n 6._o they_o have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o foot_n and_o 20000_o horse_n 3._o horse_n eutrop._n lib._n 3._o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o famous_a hannibal_n who_o force_v a_o way_n through_o the_o pyrenâ—ean_a mountain_n and_o the_o alps_n repute_v till_o that_o time_n impassable_a descend_v with_o his_o vast_a army_n into_o italy_n in_o four_o successive_a battle_n he_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o at_o cannae_n 40000_o of_o the_o latter_a be_v kill_v ibid._n kill_v ibid._n and_o have_v he_o not_o be_v mere_o cast_v away_o by_o the_o envy_n and_o ill-will_a of_o his_o own_o countryman_n it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o must_v have_v entire_o ruin_v the_o roman_a state_n hannibal_n state_n cornelius_n nepos_n in_o vit_fw-mi hannibal_n but_o supply_v of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v sometime_o absolute_o deny_v he_o and_o never_o come_v but_o very_o slow_o the_o roman_n have_v such_o opportunity_n to_o recruit_v as_o they_o little_o expect_v from_o so_o experience_v a_o adversary_n the_o wise_a management_n of_o fabius_n maximus_n be_v the_o first_o revival_n of_o the_o roman_a cause_n he_o know_v very_o well_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o march_v against_o he_o without_o intend_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n but_o to_o wait_v constant_o upon_o he_o to_o straiten_v his_o quarter_n intercept_v his_o provision_n and_o so_o make_v the_o victorious_a army_n pine_v away_o with_o penury_n and_o want_n with_o this_o design_n he_o always_o encamp_v upon_o the_o high_a hill_n where_o the_o horse_n can_v have_v no_o access_n to_o he_o when_o they_o march_v he_o do_v the_o same_o but_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o a_o engagement_n by_o this_o policy_n he_o so_o break_v hannibal_n army_n as_o to_o make_v he_o absolute_o despair_v of_o get_v any_o thing_n in_o italy_n max._n italy_n flutarch_n in_o vit_fw-mi fab._n max._n but_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o conduct_n of_o scipio_n he_o have_v before_o reduce_v all_o spain_n into_o subjection_n and_o now_o take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o hannibal_n at_o first_o have_v do_v he_o march_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n into_o africa_n and_o carry_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n oblige_v the_o enemy_n to_o call_v home_o their_o general_n out_o of_o italy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n hannibal_n obey_v and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o a_o engagement_n after_o a_o long_a dispute_n wherein_o the_o commander_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o side_n be_v report_v to_o have_v outdo_v themselves_o the_o victory_n fall_v to_o the_o roman_n whereupon_o the_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v once_o more_o to_o suâ—â—_n for_o a_o peace_n which_o be_v again_o grant_v they_o though_o upon_o much_o hard_a condition_n than_o before_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o happy_a conclusion_n of_o this_o war_n have_v so_o high_o advance_v themselves_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a state_n that_o the_o athenian_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o greece_n be_v at_o this_o time_n miserable_o enslave_v by_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n unanimous_o petition_v the_o senate_n for_o assistance_n a_o fleet_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n be_v present_o dispatch_v to_o their_o relief_n by_o who_o valour_n the_o tyrant_n after_o several_a defeat_n be_v compel_v to_o restore_v all_o greece_n to_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v a_o annual_a tribute_n to_o the_o conqueror_n 4._o conqueror_n eutrop._n lib._n 4._o hannibal_n after_o his_o late_a defeat_n have_v apply_v himself_o to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o roman_n acilius_n glabrio_n be_v first_o send_v to_o oppose_v he_o and_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o give_v he_o several_a defeat_n when_o cornelius_n scipio_n the_o roman_a admiral_n engage_v with_o the_o king_n force_n at_o sea_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hannibal_n entire_o ruin_v the_o whole_a fleet._n which_o victory_n be_v immediate_o follow_v by_o another_o as_o signal_n at_o land_n the_o effeminate_a prince_n be_v content_v to_o purchase_v a_o peace_n at_o the_o price_n of_o almost_o half_o his_o kingdom_n 8._o kingdom_n florus_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 8._o the_o victorious_a roman_n have_v scarce_o conclude_v the_o public_a rejoice_n on_o account_n of_o the_o late_a success_n when_o the_o death_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n present_v they_o with_o a_o occasion_n of_o a_o more_o glorious_a triumph_n his_o son_n perseus_n that_o succeed_v resolve_v to_o break_v with_o the_o senate_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o raise_v force_n and_o procure_v other_o necessary_n for_o a_o war._n never_o be_v great_a appearance_n in_o the_o field_n than_o on_o both_o side_n most_o of_o the_o considerable_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n but_o fortune_n still_o declare_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o perseus_n prodigious_a army_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o consul_n aemylius_fw-la and_o the_o king_n oblige_v to_o surrender_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n 1._o conqueror_n vell._n paterc_n lib._n 1._o author_n that_o write_v of_o the_o four_o monarchy_n here_o fix_v the_o end_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n but_o rome_n can_v not_o think_v herself_o secure_a among_o all_o these_o conquest_n while_o her_o old_a rival_n carthage_n be_v yet_o stand_v so_o that_o upon_o a_o slight_a provocation_n the_o city_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n be_v take_v and_o utter_o raze_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o publius_n scipio_n grandson_n by_o adoption_n to_o he_o that_o conquer_v hannibal_n ibid._n hannibal_n ibid._n not_o long_o after_o attalus_n king_n of_o pergamus_n die_v without_o issue_n leave_v his_o vast_a territory_n
contain_v near_o all_o asia_n to_o the_o roman_n 4._o roman_n eutrop._n lib._n 4._o and_o what_o of_o africa_n remain_v unconquered_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n reduce_v in_o the_o jugurthan_a war_n that_o immediate_o follow_v jugurtha_n himself_o after_o several_a defeat_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o marius_n and_o bring_v in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n ibid._n rome_n ibid._n and_o now_o after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o teutones_n and_o cimbri_n that_o have_v make_v a_o inroad_n into_o italy_n with_o several_a lesser_a conquest_n in_o asia_n and_o other_o part_n the_o mithridatick_a war_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o marius_n and_o sylla_n break_v out_o both_o in_o the_o same_o year_n 5._o year_n eutrop._n lib._n 5._o sylla_n have_v be_v send_v general_n against_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n who_o have_v seize_v on_o the_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o achaia_n in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n when_o before_o he_o be_v get_v out_o of_o italy_n sulpicius_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o one_o of_o marius_n faction_n prefer_v a_o law_n to_o recall_n he_o and_o depute_v marius_n in_o his_o room_n upon_o this_o sylla_n lead_v back_o his_o army_n and_o overthrow_v marius_n and_o sulpicius_n in_o his_o way_n have_v settle_v affair_n at_o rome_n and_o banish_v the_o author_n of_o the_o late_a sedition_n return_v to_o meet_v the_o foreign_a enemy_n ibid._n enemy_n ibid._n his_o first_o exploit_n be_v the_o take_n of_o athens_n and_o ruine_v the_o famous_a mole_n in_o the_o haven_n piraeum_n 2._o piraeum_n vill._n patere_fw-la lib._n 2._o afterward_o in_o two_o engagement_n he_o kill_v and_o take_v near_o 130000_o of_o the_o enemy_n and_o compel_v mithridates_n to_o sue_v for_o a_o truce_n 5._o truce_n eutrop._n lib._n 5._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n marius_n be_v call_v home_o by_o the_o new_a consul_n have_v exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n at_o rome_n whereupon_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o truce_n sylla_n once_o more_o march_v back_o towards_o italy_n marius_n be_v dead_a before_o his_o return_n 2._o return_n vell._n paterc_n lib._n 2._o but_o his_o two_o son_n with_o the_o consul_n raise_v several_a army_n to_o oppose_v he_o but_o some_o of_o the_o troop_n be_v draw_v over_o to_o his_o party_n and_o the_o other_o rout_v he_o enter_v the_o city_n and_o dispose_v all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n assume_v the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o perpetual_a dictator_n but_o have_v regulate_v the_o state_n he_o lay_v down_o that_o office_n and_o die_v in_o retirement_n syllae_fw-la retirement_n aurelius_n victor_n in_o vit_fw-mi syllae_fw-la mithridates_n have_v soon_o break_v the_o late_a truce_n and_o invade_v bythinia_n and_o asia_n with_o as_o great_a sury_n as_o ever_o when_o the_o roman_a general_n lucullus_n rout_v his_o vast_a army_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n chase_v he_o quite_o out_o of_o asia_n and_o have_v infallible_o put_v a_o happy_a conclusion_n to_o the_o war_n have_v not_o fortune_n reserve_v that_o glory_n for_o pompey_n ibid._n pompey_n vell._n paterc_n ibid._n he_o be_v depute_v in_o the_o room_n of_o lucullus_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o new_a force_n of_o mithridates_n compel_v he_o to_o fly_v to_o his_o father-in-law_n tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n pompey_n follow_v with_o his_o army_n and_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o whoâ—â—_n kingdom_n that_o tigranes_n be_v constrain_v in_o a_o humble_a manner_n to_o present_v himself_o to_o the_o general_n and_o offer_v his_o realm_n and_o fortune_n to_o his_o disposal_n at_o this_o time_n the_o catilinian_n conspiracy_n break_v out_o more_o famous_a for_o the_o obstinacy_n than_o the_o number_n of_o the_o rebel_n but_o this_o be_v immediate_o extinguish_v by_o the_o timely_a care_n of_o cicero_n and_o the_o happy_a valour_n of_o anthony_n the_o senate_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a success_n of_o pompey_n be_v under_o some_o apprelâ—ension_n of_o his_o affect_v the_o supreme_a command_n at_o his_o return_n and_o alter_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n but_o when_o they_o see_v he_o dismiss_v his_o vast_a army_n at_o brundisium_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o journey_n to_o the_o city_n with_o no_o other_o company_n than_o his_o ordinary_a attendant_n they_o receive_v he_o with_o all_o the_o expression_n of_o complacency_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o splendid_a triumph_n ibid._n triumph_n vell._n paterc_n ibid._n chap._n v._o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o twelve_o caesar_n the_o three_o person_n that_o at_o this_o time_n bear_v the_o great_a sway_n in_o the_o state_n be_v crassus_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n the_o first_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o prodigious_a wealth_n pompey_n for_o his_o power_n with_o the_o soldier_n and_o senate_n and_o caesar_n for_o his_o admirable_a eloquence_n and_o a_o peculiar_a nobleness_n of_o spirit_n when_o now_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o consulship_n of_o caesar_n they_o enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a agreement_n to_o let_v nothing_o pass_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n without_o their_o joint_a approbation_n 19_o approbation_n sueten_v in_o jul._n case_n cap._n 19_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o alliance_n they_o have_v in_o a_o little_a time_n procure_v themselves_o the_o three_o best_a province_n in_o the_o empire_n crassus_n asia_n pompey_n spain_n and_o caesar_n gaul_n pompey_n for_o the_o better_a retain_v his_o authority_n in_o the_o city_n choose_v to_o manage_v his_o province_n by_o deputy_n 48._o deputy_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 48._o the_o other_o two_o enter_v on_o their_o government_n in_o person_n but_o crassus_n soon_o after_o in_o a_o expedition_n he_o undertake_v against_o the_o parthian_n have_v the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o lose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o be_v himself_o treacherous_o murder_v crasso_fw-la murder_v plutarch_n in_o crasso_fw-la in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n be_v perform_v miracle_n in_o gaul_n no_o less_o than_o 40000_o of_o the_o enemy_n he_o have_v kill_v and_o take_v more_o prisoner_n and_o nine_o year_n together_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a time_n of_o his_o government_n deserve_v a_o triumph_n for_o the_o action_n of_o every_o campaigne_n 2._o campaigne_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o the_o senate_n amaze_v at_o the_o strange_a relation_n of_o his_o victory_n be_v easy_o incline_v to_o suspect_v his_o power_n so_o that_o take_v the_o opportunity_n when_o he_o petition_v for_o a_o second_o consulship_n they_o order_v he_o to_o disband_v his_o army_n and_o appear_v as_o a_o private_a person_n at_o the_o election_n 49._o election_n ibid._n cap._n 49._o caesar_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o come_v to_o a_o accommodation_n but_o find_v the_o senate_n violent_o averse_a to_o his_o interest_n and_o resolve_v to_o hear_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o first_o propose_v cod_n propose_v ibid._n cap._n cod_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o march_v towards_o italy_n with_o his_o troop_n to_o terrify_v or_o force_v they_o into_o a_o compliance_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o his_o approach_n the_o senate_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n pass_v over_o into_o greece_n he_o enter_v the_o city_n without_o opposition_n and_o create_v himself_o consul_n and_o dictator_n haste_v with_o his_o army_n into_o spain_n where_o the_o troop_n under_o pompey_n deputy_n be_v compel_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o his_o disposal_n with_o this_o reinforcement_n he_o advance_v towards_o macedonia_n where_o the_o senate_n have_v get_v together_o a_o prodigious_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o pompey_n in_o the_o first_o engagement_n he_o receive_v a_o considerable_a defeat_n but_o the_o whole_a power_n on_o both_o side_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o plain_n of_o thessaly_n after_o a_o long_o dispute_v the_o victory_n fall_v to_o caesar_n with_o the_o entire_a ruin_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n pompey_n flee_v direct_o towards_o egypt_n and_o caesar_n with_o his_o victorious_a legion_n immediate_o follow_v hear_v at_o his_o arrival_n that_o pompey_n have_v be_v kill_v by_o order_n of_o king_n ptolemy_n he_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o alexandria_n the_o capital_a city_n and_o have_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n commit_v it_o to_o the_o care_n of_o cleopatra_n sister_n to_o the_o late_a king_n 35._o king_n suet._n in_o jul._n case_n cap._n 35._o scipio_n and_o juba_n he_o soon_o after_o overcome_v in_o africa_n and_o pompey_n two_o son_n in_o spain_n cod_n spain_n ibid._n cap._n cod_n and_o now_o be_v receive_v at_o his_o return_n with_o the_o general_a applause_n of_o the_o people_n and_o senate_n and_o honour_v with_o the_o glorious_a title_n of_o father_n of_o his_o country_n and_o perpetual_a dictator_n he_o be_v design_v a_o expedition_n into_o parthia_n when_o after_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o supreme_a command_n no_o more_o than_o five_o month_n he_o be_v murder_v in_o the_o
warchful_a janus_n guard_v his_o temple_n door_n here_o when_o the_o father_n have_v ordain_v to_o try_v the_o chance_n of_o baâ—tel_n by_o their_o sixed_a decree_n the_o consul_n rich_a in_o his_o gabinian_a gown_n and_o regal_a pall_n lead_v the_o procession_n on_o the_o sound_a hinge_n grave_o turn_v about_o rouze_v the_o imprison_a god_n and_o let_v the_o fury_n out_o the_o superstition_n of_o consecrate_v grove_n and_o wood_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v a_o practice_n very_o usual_a with_o the_o ancient_n for_o not_o to_o speak_v of_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n pliny_n assure_v we_o that_o tree_n in_o old_a time_n serve_v for_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o go_n tacitus_n report_v this_o custom_n of_o the_o old_a german_n q._n curtius_n of_o the_o indian_n and_o almost_o all_o writer_n of_o the_o old_a druid_n the_o roman_n too_o be_v great_a admirer_n of_o this_o way_n of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o have_v their_o luci_n in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o city_n general_o dedicate_v to_o some_o particular_a deity_n the_o most_o probable_a reason_n that_o can_v be_v give_v for_o this_o practice_n be_v take_v from_o the_o common_a opinion_n that_o fear_n be_v the_o main_a principle_n of_o devotion_n among_o the_o ignorant_a heathen_n and_o therefore_o such_o darksome_a and_o lonely_a seat_n put_v they_o into_o a_o sudden_a horror_n and_o dread_a make_v they_o fancy_n that_o there_o must_v necessary_o something_o of_o divinity_n inhabit_v here_o which_o can_v produce_v in_o they_o such_o a_o awe_n and_o reverence_n at_o their_o entrance_n theatrum_fw-la cornelius_n balbi_n gaditani_n amphitheatrum_fw-la claudii_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o theatre_n amphitheatre_n circo_n naumachiae_n odea_n stadia_fw-la and_o xysti_n and_o of_o the_o campus_n martius_n theater_n so_o call_v from_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o see_v owe_v their_o original_a to_o bacchus_n 13._o bacchus_n polydor._fw-la virg._n de_fw-fr rer._n invent_v lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o they_o be_v usual_a in_o several_a part_n of_o greece_n and_o at_o last_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o institution_n be_v borrow_a thence_o by_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o theatre_n and_o amphitheatre_n be_v two_o different_a sort_n of_o aedifices_fw-la be_v never_o question_v the_o former_a be_v build_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o semicircle_n the_o other_o general_o oval_a so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o same_o figure_n as_o if_o two_o theatre_n shall_v be_v join_v together_o ibid._n together_o ibid._n yet_o the_o same_o place_n be_v often_o call_v by_o both_o these_o name_n in_o several_a author_n they_o seem_v too_o to_o have_v be_v design_v for_o quite_o different_a end_n the_o theatre_n for_o stage-play_n the_o amphitheatre_n for_o the_o great_a show_n of_o gladiator_n wild_a beast_n etc._n etc._n the_o part_n of_o the_o theatre_n and_o amphitheatre_n best_a worth_n our_o observation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o frequent_a use_n in_o classicks_n be_v as_o follow_v scena_n be_v a_o partition_n reach_v quite_o cross_a the_o theatre_n be_v either_o versatilis_fw-la or_o duclilis_n either_o to_o turn_v round_o or_o to_o draw_v up_o for_o the_o present_v a_o new_a prospect_n to_o the_o spectator_n as_o seâ—cius_n have_v observe_v 3._o observe_v in_o georg._n 3._o prescenium_n be_v the_o space_n of_o ground_n just_a before_o the_o scene_n where_o the_o pulpitum_fw-la stand_v into_o which_o the_o actor_n come_v from_o behind_o the_o scene_n to_o perform_v 4._o perform_v rosin_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 4._o the_o middle_a part_n or_o area_n of_o the_o amphitheatre_n be_v call_v the_o middle_a part_n or_o area_n of_o the_o amphitheatre_n be_v call_v cavea_fw-la because_o it_o be_v considerable_o low_a than_o the_o other_o part_n whence_o perhaps_o the_o name_n of_o pit_n in_o our_o playhouse_n be_v borrow_a and_o arena_n because_o it_o use_v to_o be_v strew_v with_o sand_n to_o hinder_v the_o performer_n from_o drip_v lipsius_n have_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o whole_a amphitheatre_n be_v often_o call_v by_o both_o these_o name_n amphitheat_n name_n lap_n in_o amphitheat_n and_o the_o veronese_a hill_n call_v the_o theatre_n which_o remain_v almost_o entire_a in_o that_o city_n the_o arena_n italy_n arena_n warcup_n history_n of_o italy_n there_o be_v a_o threefold_a distinction_n of_o the_o seat_n according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o senator_n knight_n and_o commons_o the_o first_o range_v be_v call_v orchestra_n the_o second_o equestria_n and_o the_o other_o popularia_fw-la 5._o popularia_fw-la casalius_n de_fw-fr urb._n rom._n &_o imp._n splendore_fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o theatre_n in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v only_o temporary_a and_o compose_v of_o wood_n which_o sometime_o tumble_v down_o with_o a_o great_a destruction_n as_o dio_n 37._o dio_n lib._n 37._o and_o pliny_n 15._o pliny_n lib._n 36._o cap._n 15._o speak_v of_o one_o particular_o of_o these_o temporary_a theatre_n the_o most_o celebrate_a be_v that_o of_o m._n scaurus_n mention_v by_o pliny_n ibid._n pliny_n ibid._n the_o scene_n of_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o partition_n one_o above_o another_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o 120_o pillar_n of_o marble_n the_o next_o of_o the_o like_a number_n of_o pillar_n curious_o wrought_v in_o glass_n the_o top_n of_o all_o have_v still_o the_o same_o number_n of_o pillar_n adorn_v with_o gild_a tablet_n between_o the_o pillar_n be_v set_v 3000_o statue_n and_o image_n of_o brass_n the_o cavea_fw-la will_v hold_v 80000_o men._n the_o structure_n which_o curio_n afterward_o raise_v at_o the_o funeral_n of_o his_o father_n though_o inferior_a to_o the_o former_a in_o magnificence_n yet_o be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a upon_o account_n of_o the_o admirable_a artifice_n and_o contrivance_n he_o build_v two_o spacious_a theatre_n of_o wood_n so_o order_v with_o hinge_n and_o other_o necessary_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o turn_v round_o with_o very_o little_a trouble_n these_o he_o set_v at_o first_o back_n to_o back_n for_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o stage-plays_a and_o suchlike_a diversion_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n that_o may_v otherwise_o arise_v by_o the_o coufusion_n of_o the_o scene_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o day_n pull_v down_o the_o scene_n and_o join_v the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o theatre_n he_o compose_v a_o exact_a amphitheatre_n in_o which_o he_o again_o oblige_v the_o people_n with_o a_o show_n of_o gladiator_n ibid._n gladiator_n ibid._n pamper_v the_o great_a be_v the_o first_o that_o undertake_v the_o raise_v a_o fix_a theatre_n which_o he_o build_v very_o noble_o with_o square_a stone_n on_o which_o account_n tacitus_n 14._o tacitus_n ann._n 14._o tell_v we_o he_o be_v severe_o reprehend_v for_o introduce_v a_o custom_n so_o different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o forefather_n who_o be_v content_v to_o see_v the_o like_a persormance_n in_o seat_n build_v only_o for_o the_o present_a occasion_n and_o in_o ancient_a time_n stand_v only_o on_o the_o ground_n to_o this_o purpose_n i_o can_v omit_v a_o ingenious_a reflection_n of_o ovid_n upon_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o by_o compare_v the_o honest_a simplicity_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n with_o the_o vanity_n and_o extravagance_n of_o the_o modern_a in_o this_o particular_a tunc_fw-la neque_fw-la marmoreo_fw-la pendebant_fw-la vela_fw-la theatro_fw-la nec_fw-la fuerant_fw-la liquido_fw-la pulpita_fw-la rubra_fw-la croco_fw-la illic_fw-la quas_fw-la tulerant_fw-la memorata_fw-la palatia_fw-la frondes_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la positae_fw-la scaena_fw-la sine_fw-la arte_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o gradibus_fw-la sedit_fw-la populus_fw-la de_fw-la cespite_fw-la factis_fw-la quâlibet_fw-la hirsutas_fw-la frond_n tegente_fw-la comas_fw-la amandi_fw-la comas_fw-la ovid._n de_fw-fr arte_fw-la amandi_fw-la no_o pillar_n then_o of_o egypt_n costly_a stone_n no_o purple_a sail_n hang_v wave_v in_o the_o sun_n no_o flower_n about_o the_o scent_v seat_n be_v throw_v but_o sylvan_a bower_n and_o shady_a palace_n bring_v by_o themselves_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o ray_n thus_o guard_v and_o refresh_v with_o humble_a green_n ponder_v they_o gaze_v upon_o the_o artless_a scene_n their_o seat_n of_o homely_a turf_n the_o crowd_n will_v rear_v and_o cover_v with_o green_a bough_n their_o more_o disorder_a hair_n juvenal_n intimate_v that_o this_o good_a old_a custom_n remain_v still_o uncorrupted_a in_o several_a part_n of_o italy_n ipsa_fw-la dierum_fw-la festorum_fw-la herboso_fw-la colitur_fw-la si_fw-la quando_fw-la theatro_fw-la majestas_fw-la tandemque_fw-la redit_fw-la ad_fw-la pulpita_fw-la notum_fw-la exodium_fw-la cùm_fw-la personae_fw-la pallentis_fw-la hiatum_fw-la in_o gremio_fw-la matris_fw-la formidat_fw-la rusticus_fw-la infans_fw-la aequales_fw-la habitus_fw-la illuc_fw-la similemque_fw-la videbis_fw-la orchestram_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la 3._o populum_fw-la juv._n sat._n 3._o on_o theatre_n of_o turf_n in_o homely_a state_n old_a play_n they_o act_v old_a feast_n they_o celebrate_v the_o same_o rude_a song_n return_v upon_o the_o crowd_n and_o by_o
jugurth_n chap._n xxx_o law_n relate_v to_o corn._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n not_o t._n sempronius_n gracchus_n as_o rosinus_n have_v it_o ordain_v that_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o corn_n shall_v be_v distribute_v every_o month_n among_o the_o commons_o so_o much_o to_o every_o man_n for_o which_o they_o be_v only_o to_o pay_v the_o small_a consideration_n of_o a_o semissis_fw-la and_o a_o triens_fw-la 〈◊〉_d triens_fw-la fler._n epit._n lau._n lib._n 60._o vâ—l._n pat._n lib._n 2_o 〈◊〉_d terentia_n cassia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n terentius_n varro_n lucullus_n and_o c._n cassius_n consul_n a._n 680._o ordain_v that_o the_o same_o set_a price_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o all_o corn_n buy_v up_o in_o the_o province_n to_o hinder_v the_o exaction_n of_o the_o quaster_n 5._o quaster_n 〈◊〉_d in_o verrin_n 5._o clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n triâ—â—â—e_v of_o the_o câ—mmâ—ns_n a._n 695._o ordain_v that_o those_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v former_o sell_v to_o the_o poor_a people_n at_o six_o ass_n and_o a_o triens_fw-la the_o bushel_n shall_v be_v distribute_v among_o they_o gratis_o etc._n gratis_o cicero_n pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la in_o pison_n etc._n etc._n hierenica_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n hiero_n tyrant_n of_o sicily_n regulate_v the_o affair_n between_o the_o farmer_n and_o the_o decumani_fw-la or_o gatherer_n of_o the_o corn-tax_n which_o because_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o ten_o part_n they_o call_v decumae_fw-la ordain_v the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n the_o price_n and_o the_o time_n of_o receive_v it_o which_o for_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o the_o roman_n still_o continue_v in_o force_n after_o they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o island_n 4._o island_n cicero_n in_o verr._n 4._o chap._n xxxi_o law_n for_o the_o regulate_v of_o expense_n orchia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n orchius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 566._o define_v the_o number_n of_o guest_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o entertainment_n 14._o entertainment_n macreb_n saturn_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 14._o fannia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n fannius_n consul_n a._n 588._o ordain_v that_o upon_o the_o high_a festival_n no_o person_n shall_v expend_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o ass_n in_o a_o day_n on_o ten_o other_o day_n in_o every_o month_n thirty_o ass_n and_o at_o all_o other_o time_n ten_o 24._o ten_o ibid._n &_o agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o didia_n lex_fw-la enact_v about_o eighteen_o year_n after_o the_o former_a ordain_v that_o the_o law_n for_o regulate_a expense_n shall_v reach_v all_o the_o italian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o master_n of_o extravagant_a treat_v but_o the_o guest_n too_o shall_v incur_v a_o penalty_n for_o their_o offence_n ibid._n offence_n ibid._n lex_fw-la licinia_n the_o author_n p._n licinius_n crassus_n the_o rich_a agree_v in_o most_o particular_n with_o the_o fanman_n law_n and_o far_o prescribe_v that_o on_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o nundinae_fw-la thirty_o ass_n shall_v be_v the_o most_o that_o be_v spend_v at_o any_o table_n and_o that_o on_o ordinary_a day_n which_o be_v not_o particular_o except_v mss._n caro_fw-la arida_fw-la opponitur_fw-la salsamento_fw-la casaubon_n adagell_a notae_fw-la mss._n there_o shall_v be_v spend_v only_o three_o pound_n of_o dry_a flesh_n and_o one_o pound_n of_o salt_n meat_n but_o allow_v as_o much_o as_o every_o body_n please_v of_o any_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n 24._o ground_n ibid._n &_o agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n sylla_n enact_v not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o retrench_a of_o extravagant_a treat_v as_o for_o the_o impose_v a_o low_a price_n on_o provision_n 24._o provision_n agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o aemilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n consul_n about_o a._n 675_o respect_v the_o particular_a sort_n of_o meat_n in_o use_n at_o that_o time_n and_o state_v the_o just_a quantity_n allowable_a of_o every_o kind_n ibid._n kind_n ibid._n antia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n one_o antius_n restio_n a_o far_a essay_n towards_o the_o suppression_n of_o luxury_n the_o particular_n of_o which_o we_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o but_o macrobius_n give_v we_o this_o remarkable_a story_n of_o the_o author_n that_o find_v his_o constitution_n to_o be_v of_o very_o little_a force_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a head_n that_o prodigality_n and_o extravagance_n have_v gain_v in_o the_o city_n he_o never_o afterward_o sup_v abroad_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v for_o fear_v he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n of_o the_o contempt_n of_o his_o own_o injunction_n without_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o punish_v it_o agell_a it_o macrob._n &_o agell_a julia_n lex_fw-la prefer_v in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n allow_v two_o hundred_o sestertii_fw-la for_o provision_n on_o the_o dies_fw-la profesti_fw-la three_o hundred_o on_o the_o common_a festival_n in_o the_o calendar_n and_o a_o thousand_o at_o marriage-feast_n and_o such_o extraordinary_a entertainment_n agell_a entertainment_n agell_a agellius_n far_a add_v that_o he_o find_v in_o a_o old_a author_n a_o edict_n either_o of_o augustus_n or_o tiberius_n he_o be_v uncertain_a which_o raise_v the_o allowance_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o festival_n from_o three_o hundred_o to_o two_o thousand_o sestertii_fw-la ibid._n sestertii_fw-la ibid._n hither_o may_v be_v refer_v the_o lex_fw-la oppia_n the_o author_n c._n opius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 540._o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v have_v above_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n wear_v a_o particoloured_a garment_n or_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o chariot_n in_o any_o city_n town_n or_o to_o any_o place_n within_o a_o miles_n distance_n unless_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o celebrate_v some_o sacred_a solemnity_n 3._o solemnity_n livy_n lib._n 34._o tac._n ann._n 3._o chap._n xxxii_o law_n relate_v to_o martial_a affair_n sacrata_fw-la lex_fw-la militaris_fw-la the_o author_n probable_o m._n valerius_n corvus_n dictator_n a._n 411._o ordain_v that_o no_o soldier_n name_n which_o have_v be_v enter_v in_o the_o musterroll_n shall_v be_v strike_v out_o unless_o by_o the_o party_n consent_n and_o that_o no_o person_n who_o have_v be_v military_a tribune_n shall_v execute_v the_o office_n of_o ductor_n ordinum_fw-la 7._o ordinum_fw-la liv._o lib._n 7._o sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 630._o ordain_v that_o the_o soldier_n shall_v receive_v their_o clothes_n gratis_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n without_o any_o diminution_n of_o their_o ordinary_a pay_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o army_n who_o be_v not_o full_a seventeen_o year_n old_a graâ—ch_n old_a plutarch_n in_o c._n graâ—ch_n maria_n porcia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n marius_n and_o m._n porcius_n cato_n tribunes_z of_o the_o commons_o a._n 691._o ordain_v that_o a_o penalty_n shall_v be_v inflict_v on_o such_o commander_n as_o write_v false_o to_o the_o senate_n about_o the_o number_n of_o the_o slay_v on_o the_o enemy_n side_n and_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v oblige_v when_o they_o first_o enter_v the_o city_n to_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n before_o the_o quaestor_n that_o the_o number_n which_o they_o return_v be_v true_a according_a to_o the_o est_fw-fr computation_n 8._o computation_n valâ—r_fw-fr max._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o sulpicia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n sulpicius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 665._o ordain_v that_o the_o chief_a command_n in_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n which_o be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o l._n sylla_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o he_o and_o confer_v on_o c._n marius_n etc._n marius_n vell._n patere_fw-la lib._n 2._o florus_n epit._n 77._o plutarch_n in_o sylla_n &_o marto_n etc._n etc._n gabinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n a._n gabinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 685._o ordain_v that_o a_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v to_o cn._n pompey_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o pirate_n for_o three_o year_n with_o this_o particular_a clause_n that_o upon_o all_o the_o sea_n on_o this_o side_n hercules_n his_o pillar_n and_o in_o the_o maritime_a province_n as_o far_o as_o 400_o stadia_fw-la from_o the_o sea_n he_o shall_v be_v empower_v to_o command_v king_n governor_n and_o state_n to_o supply_v he_o with_o all_o necessary_n in_o the_o expedition_n senat._n expedition_n asconius_n in_o cornelian_a vell._n paterc_n lib._n 2._o plutarch_n in_o pomp._n cicero_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la maniliâ_fw-la &_o post_fw-la reditum_fw-la in_o senat._n manilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n manilius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 687._o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o force_n of_o lucullus_n and_o the_o province_n under_o his_o government_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o pompey_n
in_o a_o different_a manner_n he_o believe_v that_o heretofore_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o ovation_n and_o the_o triumph_n be_v not_o take_v from_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o achievement_n but_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o perform_v they_o for_o they_o who_o have_v fight_v a_o set_a battle_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n return_v victor_n lead_v that_o martial_a and_o as_o it_o be_v cruel_a procession_n of_o the_o triumph_n but_o those_o who_o without_o force_n by_o benevolence_n and_o civil_a behaviour_n have_v do_v the_o busâ—ness_n and_o prevent_v the_o shed_n of_o human_a blood_n to_o these_o commander_n custom_n give_v the_o honour_n of_o this_o peaceable_a ovation_n for_o a_o pipe_n be_v the_o ensign_n or_o badge_n of_o peace_n and_o myrtle_n the_o tree_n of_o venus_n who_o beyond_o any_o of_o the_o other_o deity_n have_v a_o extreme_a aversion_n to_o violence_n and_o war_n marcell_n war_n plut._n in_o marcell_n but_o whatever_o other_o difference_n there_o lay_v between_o these_o two_o solemnity_n we_o be_v assure_v the_o triumph_n be_v much_o the_o more_o noble_a and_o splendid_a procession_n none_o be_v capable_a of_o this_o honour_n but_o dictator_n consul_n or_o praetor_n though_o we_o find_v some_o example_n of_o a_o different_a practice_n as_o particular_o in_o pompey_n the_o great_a who_o have_v a_o triumph_n decree_v he_o while_o he_o be_v only_o a_o roman_a knight_n and_o have_v not_o yet_o reach_v the_o senatorian_a age_n pâ—â—â—_n age_n plut._n in_o pâ—â—â—_n iconismus_fw-la triu_n the_o people_n erect_v scaffold_n in_o the_o forum_n and_o the_o circo_n and_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o can_v best_o behold_v the_o pomp._n the_o spectator_n be_v clad_v in_o white_a garment_n all_o the_o temple_n be_v open_a and_o full_a of_o garland_n and_o perfume_n the_o way_n clear_v and_o cleanse_v by_o a_o great_a many_o officer_n and_o tipstaff_n that_o drive_v such_o as_o throng_v the_o passage_n or_o straggle_v up-and-down_a this_o triumph_n last_v three_o day_n on_o the_o first_o which_o be_v scarce_o long_o enough_o for_o the_o sight_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o statue_n picture_n and_o image_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n draw_v upon_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o chariot_n on_o the_o second_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a many_o wains_n the_o fair_a and_o the_o rich_a armour_n of_o the_o macedonian_n both_o of_o brass_n and_o steel_n all_o new_o furbished_a and_o glitter_a which_o although_o pile_v up_o with_o the_o great_a art_n and_o order_n yet_o seem_v to_o be_v tumble_v on_o heap_n careless_o and_o by_o chance_n helmet_n be_v throw_v on_o shield_n coat_n of_o mail_n upon_o greaves_n cretian_a target_n and_o thracian_a buckler_n and_o quiver_n of_o arrow_n lay_v huddle_v among_o the_o horse_n bit_n and_o through_o these_o appear_v the_o point_n of_o naked_a sword_n intermix_v with_o long_a spear_n all_o these_o arm_n be_v tie_v together_o with_o such_o a_o just_a liberty_n that_o they_o knock_v against_o one_o another_o as_o they_o be_v draw_v along_o and_o make_v a_o harsh_a and_o terrible_a noise_n so_o that_o the_o very_a spoil_n of_o the_o conquer_a can_v not_o be_v behold_v without_o dread_n after_o these_o wagon_n load_v with_o armour_n there_o follow_v three_o thousand_o man_n who_o carry_v the_o silver_n that_o be_v coin_v in_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o vessel_n each_o of_o which_o weigh_v three_o talent_n and_o be_v carry_v by_o four_o men._n other_o bring_v silver_n bowl_n and_o goblet_n and_o cup_n all_o dispose_v in_o such_o order_n as_o to_o make_v the_o best_a show_n and_o all_o valuable_a as_o well_o for_o their_o bigness_n as_o the_o thickness_n of_o their_o engrave_v work_n on_o the_o three_o day_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n first_o come_v the_o trumpeter_n who_o do_v not_o sound_a as_o they_o be_v wont_v in_o a_o procession_n or_o solemn_a entry_n but_o such_o a_o charge_n as_o the_o roman_n use_v when_o they_o encourage_v their_o soldier_n to_o fight_v next_o follow_v young_a man_n gird_v about_o with_o girdle_n curious_o wrought_v which_o lead_v to_o the_o sacrifice_n sixscore_a stall_v ox_n with_o their_o horn_n gild_v and_o their_o head_n adorn_v with_o ribbon_n and_o garland_n and_o with_o these_o be_v boy_n that_o carry_v platter_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n after_o this_o be_v bring_v the_o gold_n coin_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o vessel_n that_o weigh_v three_o talent_n like_v to_o those_o that_o contain_v the_o silver_n they_o be_v in_o number_n fourscore_o want_v three_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o those_o that_o bring_v the_o consecrate_a bowl_n which_o aemylius_fw-la cause_v to_o be_v make_v that_o weigh_v ten_o talent_n and_o be_v all_o beset_v with_o precious_a stone_n then_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v the_o cup_n of_o antigonus_n and_o seleucus_n and_o such_o as_o be_v make_v after_o the_o fashion_n invent_v by_o thericles_n and_o all_o the_o gold-plate_n that_o be_v use_v at_o perseus_n table_n next_o to_o these_o come_v perseus_n chariot_n in_o the_o which_o his_o armour_n be_v place_v and_o on_o that_o his_o diadem_n and_o after_o a_o little_a intermission_n the_o king_n child_n be_v lead_v captive_n and_o with_o they_o a_o train_n of_o nurse_n master_n and_o governor_n who_o all_o weep_v and_o stretch_v forth_o their_o hand_n to_o the_o spectator_n and_o teach_v the_o little_a infant_n to_o beg_v and_o entreat_v their_o compassion_n there_o be_v two_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o tender_a age_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a of_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o misery_n which_o insensibility_n of_o their_o condition_n render_v it_o much_o more_o deplorable_a insomuch_o that_o perseus_n himself_o be_v scarce_o regard_v as_o he_o go_v along_o whilst_o pity_n have_v fix_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o roman_n upon_o the_o infant_n and_o many_o of_o they_o can_v not_o 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profession_n but_o although_o their_o inclination_n lay_v rather_o to_o the_o camp_n for_o we_o scarce_o meet_v with_o any_o famous_a captain_n who_o be_v not_o a_o good_a speaker_n or_o any_o eminent_a orator_n who_o have_v not_o serve_v some_o time_n in_o the_o army_n thus_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o all_o person_n who_o have_v any_o thought_n of_o rise_v in_o the_o world_n to_o make_v a_o good_a appearance_n both_o at_o the_o bar_n and_o in_o the_o field_n because_o if_o the_o success_n of_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n shall_v advance_v they_o to_o any_o considerable_a post_n it_o will_v have_v prove_v almost_o impossible_a without_o the_o advantage_n of_o eloquence_n to_o maintain_v their_o authority_n with_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n or_o if_o the_o force_n of_o their_o oratory_n shall_v in_o time_n procure_v they_o the_o honourable_a office_n of_o praetor_n or_o consul_n they_o will_v not_o have_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o undertake_v the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n which_o fall_v to_o their_o share_n at_o the_o expiration_n of_o these_o employment_n without_o some_o experience_n in_o military_a command_n yet_o because_o the_o profession_n of_o arm_n be_v a_o art_n which_o will_v easy_o give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n of_o signalize_a themselves_o and_o in_o which_o they_o will_v almost_o natural_o excel_v as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v afterward_o offer_v for_o their_o service_n their_o whole_a application_n and_o endeavour_n be_v direct_v at_o present_a to_o the_o study_n of_o law_n and_o rhetoric_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o their_o future_a grandeur_n or_o perhaps_o they_o now_o and_o then_o make_v a_o campaign_n as_o well_o for_o a_o diversion_n from_o several_a labour_n as_o for_o their_o improvement_n in_o martial_a discipline_n in_o the_o dialogue_n de_fw-fr oratoribus_fw-la we_o have_v a_o very_a good_a account_n of_o the_o admission_n of_o young_a gentleman_n to_o the_o forum_n and_o of_o the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o course_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o come_v from_o so_o great_a a_o master_n can_v fail_v to_o be_v very_o pertinent_a and_o instructive_a among_o our_o ancestor_n say_v that_o author_n the_o youth_n who_o be_v design_v for_o the_o forum_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o eloquence_n be_v now_o furnish_v with_o the_o liberal_a art_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o domestic_a institution_n be_v bring_v by_o his_o father_n or_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o most_o celebrate_a orator_n in_o the_o city_n he_o he_o use_v constant_o to_o attend_v and_o to_o be_v always_o present_a at_o his_o performance_n of_o any_o kind_a either_o in_o judicial_a matter_n or_o in_o the_o ordinary_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o learn_v to_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n and_o contention_n of_o the_o bar_n and_o to_o approve_v himself_o a_o man_n at_o arm_n in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o pleader_n for_o in_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o a_o mix_a state_n when_o the_o difference_n be_v never_o refer_v to_o one_o supreme_a person_n the_o orator_n determine_v matter_n as_o they_o please_v by_o prevail_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o ignorant_a multitude_n hence_o come_v the_o ambition_n of_o popular_a applause_n hence_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o i_o awe_v and_o decree_n hence_o the_o tedious_a speech_n and_o harangue_n of_o the_o magistrate_n sometime_o carry_v on_o whole_a night_n in_o the_o rostra_fw-la hence_o the_o frequent_a indictment_n and_o impleading_a of_o the_o most_o powerful_a criminal_n and_o the_o expose_v of_o house_n to_o the_o violence_n and_o fury_n of_o the_o rabble_n hence_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o constant_a heat_n and_o bicker_n between_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n all_o which_o though_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n they_o distract_v the_o commonwealth_n yet_o have_v this_o good_a effect_n that_o they_o exercise_v and_o improve_v the_o eloquence_n of_o those_o time_n by_o propose_v the_o high_a reward_n to_o that_o study_n because_o the_o more_o excellent_a any_o person_n appear_v in_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v the_o more_o easy_o he_o arrive_v at_o honour_n and_o employment_n the_o more_o he_o surpass_v his_o colleague_n in_o the_o same_o office_n the_o great_a be_v his_o favour_n with_o the_o lead_a man_n of_o the_o city_n his_o authority_n with_o the_o sevate_v and_o his_o renown_n and_o esteem_n among_o the_o commons_o thâ—se_o man_n be_v court_v and_o wait_v on_o by_o client_n even_o of_o foreign_a nation_n these_o when_o they_o undertake_v the_o command_n of_o province_n the_o very_a magistrate_n reverence_v at_o their_o departure_n and_o adore_v at_o their_o return_n these_o the_o high_a office_n of_o praetor_n and_o consul_n seem_v to_o require_v and_o call_v for_o and_o court_v their_o acceptance_n these_o when_o in_o a_o private_a station_n abate_v very_o little_a of_o their_o authority_n while_o they_o guide_v both_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n by_o their_o counsel_n for_o they_o take_v this_o for_o a_o insallible_a maxim_n that_o without_o eloquence_n it_o be_v impossible_a either_o to_o attain_v or_o to_o defend_v a_o considerable_a trust_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o no_o wonder_n when_o they_o be_v draw_v to_o business_n even_o against_o their_o will_n and_o compel_v to_o show_v their_o part_n in_o public_a when_o it_o be_v reckon_v but_o a_o ordinary_a matter_n to_o deliver_v one_o opinion_n in_o short_a before_o the_o senate_n unless_o a_o man_n can_v maintain_v and_o improve_v it_o with_o the_o engage_v ornament_n of_o wit_n and_o elegance_n when_o if_o they_o have_v contract_v any_o envy_n or_o suspicion_n they_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o accuser_n charge_n in_o person_n when_o they_o can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o give_v their_o evidence_n as_o to_o public_a matter_n in_o write_v but_o be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v in_o court_n and_o to_o deliver_v it_o with_o their_o own_o mouth_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o vast_a encouragement_n but_o even_o a_o necessity_n of_o eloquence_n to_o be_v a_o sine_fw-la speaker_n be_v couâ—ted_v brave_a and_o glorious_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o act_v only_o a_o muâ—e_n persâ—â—_n on_o the_o public_a stage_n be_v high_o scandalous_a and_o reproachful_a and_o thus_o a_o sense_n of_o honour_n and_o desire_v of_o avoid_v infamy_n be_v a_o main_a incitement_n to_o their_o endeavour_n in_o these_o study_n leave_v they_o shall_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o client_n rather_o than_o among_o the_o patron_n lest_o the_o numerous_a dependence_n transmit_v to_o they_o from_o their_o ancestor_n shall_v now_o at_o last_o pass_v into_o other_o family_n for_o want_v of_o a_o able_a supporter_n lest_o like_o a_o sort_n of_o useless_a and_o unprofitable_a creature_n they_o shall_v either_o be_v frustrate_v in_o their_o pretension_n to_o honour_n and_o preferment_n or_o else_o disgrace_v themselves_o and_o their_o office_n by_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o their_o administration_n crâ—ssus_n and_o antâ—nâ—us_n the_o two_o chief_a
work_n give_v the_o city_n a_o name_n in_o allusion_n to_o his_o own_o and_o have_v be_v ever_o account_v the_o founder_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n under_o the_o king_n the_o witty_a historian_n history_n historian_n florus_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o history_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o entitle_v the_o reign_n of_o the_o king_n the_o infancy_n of_o rome_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o they_o she_o be_v hardly_o able_a to_o find_v she_o own_o leg_n and_o at_o the_o best_a have_v but_o a_o very_a feeble_a motion_n the_o great_a part_n of_o romulus_n time_n be_v take_v up_o in_o make_v law_n and_o regulation_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n three_o of_o his_o state-design_n i_o mean_v the_o asylum_n the_o rape_n of_o the_o sabine_a virgin_n and_o his_o way_n of_o treat_v those_o few_o who_o he_o conquer_v as_o they_o far_o exceed_v the_o politic_n of_o those_o time_n so_o they_o contribute_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a degree_n to_o a_o advancement_n of_o the_o new_a empire_n but_o then_o numa_n long_a reign_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o establishment_n of_o priest_n and_o religious_a order_n and_o in_o those_o three_o and_o forty_o year_n numa_n year_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o numa_n rome_n gain_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n tullus_n hostilius_n be_v whole_o employ_v to_o convert_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o please_a amusement_n of_o superstition_n to_o the_o rough_a institution_n of_o martial_a discipline_n yet_o we_o find_v nothing_o memorable_a relate_v of_o his_o conquest_n only_o that_o after_o a_o long_a and_o dubious_a war_n the_o roman_n entire_o ruin_v their_o old_a mother_n alba_n 3._o alba_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o after_o he_o anem_fw-la marcius_n lay_v aside_o all_o thought_n of_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o strengthen_v and_o beautify_v the_o city_n 4._o city_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o and_o esteem_v the_o commodiousness_n and_o magnificence_n of_o that_o the_o noble_a design_n he_o can_v possible_o be_v engage_v in_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n though_o not_o altogether_o so_o quiet_a as_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o consult_v very_o little_a else_o beside_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o government_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o which_o he_o appoint_v the_o ornament_n and_o badge_n of_o the_o several_a officer_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o common_a people_n 5._o people_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o a_o more_o peaceful_a temper_n appear_v in_o servius_n tullius_n who_o principal_a study_n be_v to_o have_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o according_a to_o those_o to_o divide_v they_o into_o tribe_n 6._o tribe_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o that_o so_o they_o may_v contribute_v with_o justice_n and_o proportion_n to_o the_o public_a expense_n of_o the_o state_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a though_o perhaps_o more_o engage_v in_o war_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n 7._o predecessor_n see_v florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o yet_o have_v in_o his_o nature_n such_o a_o strange_a composition_n of_o the_o most_o extravagant_a vice_n as_o must_v necessary_o have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o grow_a tyranny_n and_o have_v not_o the_o death_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a lucretia_n administer_v to_o the_o people_n a_o opportunity_n of_o liberty_n yet_o a_o far_o slight_a matter_n will_v have_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o specious_a reason_n to_o endeavour_v the_o assertion_n of_o their_o right_n however_o on_o this_o accident_n all_o be_v sudden_o transport_v with_o such_o a_o mixture_n of_o fury_n and_o compassion_n that_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brutus_n and_o collatinus_n to_o who_o the_o die_a lady_n have_v recommend_v the_o revenge_n of_o her_o injure_a honour_n 9_o honour_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o rush_v immediate_o upon_o the_o tyrant_n they_o expel_v he_o and_o his_o whole_a family_n a_o new_a form_n of_o government_n be_v now_o resolve_v on_o and_o because_o to_o live_v under_o a_o divide_a power_n carry_v something_o of_o complacency_n in_o the_o prospect_n poplicola_n prospect_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o poplicola_n they_o unanimous_o confer_v the_o supreme_a command_n on_o the_o two_o generous_a asserter_n of_o their_o liberty_n 9_o liberty_n ibid._n &_o florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o thus_o end_v the_o royal_a administration_n after_o it_o have_v continue_v about_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n florus_n in_o his_o reflection_n on_o this_o first_o age_n of_o rome_n can_v forbear_v applaud_v the_o happy_a fate_n of_o his_o country_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v bless_v in_o that_o weak_a age_n with_o a_o succession_n of_o prince_n so_o fortunate_o different_a in_o their_o aim_n and_o design_n as_o if_o heaven_n have_v purposely_o adapt_v they_o to_o the_o several_a exigency_n of_o the_o state_n 8._o state_n idem_fw-la cap._n 8._o and_o the_o famous_a machiavelli_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n 19_o opinion_n machtavel_n discourse_n on_o livy_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 19_o but_o a_o judicious_a author_n 1._o author_n mounseur_fw-fr st._n euremont_n reflection_n on_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n cap._n 1._o have_v late_o observe_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o genius_n in_o the_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o procure_v any_o advantage_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n that_o their_o small_a increase_n under_o that_o government_n be_v referable_a to_o no_o other_o cause_n however_o thus_o far_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o those_o seven_o prince_n leave_v behind_o a_o dominion_n of_o no_o large_a extent_n than_o that_o of_o parma_n or_o mantua_n at_o present_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a government_n to_o the_o first_o punic_n war._n the_o tyrant_n be_v no_o soon_o expel_v but_o as_o it_o usual_o happen_v there_o be_v great_a plot_v and_o design_v for_o his_o restauration_n among_o several_a other_o young_a nobleman_n brutus_n his_n two_o son_n have_v engage_v themselves_o in_o the_o association_n but_o the_o conspiracy_n be_v happy_o discover_v and_o the_o traitor_n bring_v before_o the_o consul_n in_o order_n to_o their_o punishment_n brutus_n only_o address_v himself_o to_o his_o two_o son_n and_o demand_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o defence_n to_o make_v against_o the_o indictment_n upon_o their_o silence_n order_v they_o immediate_o to_o be_v behead_v and_o stay_v himself_o to_o see_v the_o execution_n commit_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o colleague_n pâ—â—licola_n colleague_n 〈◊〉_d in_o vitâ—_n pâ—â—licola_n no_o action_n among_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n than_o this_o it_o will_v be_v exceed_v difficult_a to_o determine_v whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o motion_n of_o heroic_a virtue_n or_o the_o hardness_n of_o a_o cruel_a and_o unnatural_a humour_n or_o whether_o ambition_n have_v not_o as_o great_a a_o share_n in_o it_o as_o either_o but_o though_o the_o flame_n be_v so_o happy_o stifle_v within_o the_o city_n it_o soon_o break_v out_o with_o great_a fury_n abroâ—d_v for_o tarquin_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v with_o all_o imaginable_a kindness_n and_o respect_n by_o the_o neighbour_a state_n but_o supply_v too_o with_o all_o necessary_n in_o order_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o dominion_n the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n in_o italy_n be_v at_o that_o time_n porsenna_n king_n of_o hetruria_n or_o tuscany_n who_o not_o content_a to_o furnish_v he_o with_o the_o same_o supply_n as_o the_o rest_n apprâ—â—â—ed_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n in_o his_o behalf_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o rome_n 1._o rome_n ilem_fw-la 〈…〉_o lib._n 1._o the_o city_n be_v in_o great_a hazard_n of_o be_v take_v when_o a_o admiration_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o gallant_a disposition_n of_o the_o roman_n induee_v the_o besieger_n to_o a_o peace_n poplicol_n peace_n plut._n in_o poplicol_n the_o most_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o this_o extraordinary_a courage_n be_v cocles_n mutius_n and_o câ—â—lla_n câ—cles_n when_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v back_o in_o a_o unfortunate_a sally_n and_o the_o enemy_n make_v good_a their_o pursuit_n to_o the_o very_a bridge_n only_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o two_o person_n defend_v it_o against_o their_o whole_a power_n till_o his_o own_o party_n break_v it_o down_o behind_o and_o then_o cast_v himself_o in_o his_o armour_n into_o the_o river_n and_o swim_v over_o to_o the_o other_o side_n ibid._n side_n plut._n ibid._n mutius_n have_v fail_v in_o a_o attempt_n upon_o porsenna_n person_n and_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n to_o be_v examine_v thrust_v his_o right-hand_n which_o have_v commit_v the_o mistake_n into_o a_o pan_n of_o coal_n that_o stand_v ready_a for_o the_o sacrifice_n upon_o which_o generous_a action_n he_o be_v dismiss_v without_o far_a injury_n as_o for_o claelia_n she_o with_o
on_o the_o pilaster_n be_v true_a be_v the_o work_n of_o phidias_n and_o praxiteles_n 3._o praxiteles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o numa_n 2._o numa_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 2._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v mons_fw-la esquilinus_n and_o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la to_o the_o south_n the_o forum_n of_o caesar_n and_o nerva_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la and_o the_o campus_n martius_n 3._o martius_n fabricis_fw-la roma_fw-la cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v almost_o three_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la coelius_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o coelius_n or_o coele_n a_o famous_a tuscan_a general_n who_o pitch_v his_o tent_n here_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o romulus_n against_o the_o sabine_n 4._o sabine_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o livy_n 30._o livy_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 30._o and_o dionysius_n 3._o dionysius_n lib._n 3._o attribute_v the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_z tullus_z hostilius_n but_o strabo_n 5._o strabo_n geograph_n lib._n 5._o to_o ancus_n martius_n the_o other_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v sometime_o know_v be_v querculanus_n or_o quercetulanus_n and_o augustus_n the_o first_o occasion_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o oak_n grow_v there_o the_o other_o impose_v by_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n when_o he_o have_v raise_v new_a building_n upon_o it_o after_o a_o fire_n 48._o fire_n tacit._n ann._n 4._o suet._n in_o tib._n cap._n 48._o one_o part_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v call_v coeliolus_n and_o minor_a coelius_n 3._o coelius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city-wall_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la aventinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la esquilinus_n ibid._n esquilinus_n ibid._n in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la esquilinus_n be_v ancient_o call_v cispius_n and_o opius_n 3._o opius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o the_o name_n of_o esquilinus_n be_v vary_v for_o the_o easy_a pronounciation_n from_o exquilinus_n a_o corruption_n of_o excubinus_n ab_fw-la excubiis_fw-la from_o the_o watch_n that_o romulus_n keep_v here_o 8._o here_o vid._n propert._n lib._n 2._o eleg._n 8._o it_o be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 44._o tullius_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 44._o who_o have_v here_o his_o royal_a seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n varro_z will_v have_v the_o esquiliae_n to_o be_v proper_o two_o mountain_n 4._o mountain_n de_fw-fr ling._n latin_n lib._n 4._o which_o opinion_n have_v be_v since_o approve_v of_o by_o a_o curious_a observer_n 1._o observer_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o via_fw-la labicana_n to_o the_o west_n the_o valley_n lie_v between_o mons_fw-la coelius_n and_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n viminalis_fw-la 3._o viminalis_fw-la fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o four_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vimina_fw-la the_o vimina_fw-la osier_n that_o grow_v there_o in_o great_a plenty_n this_o hill_n be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 4._o tullius_n diony_n lib._n 4._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n esquilinus_n and_o to_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o suburra_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vallis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n two_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aventinus_n have_v give_v great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n among_o the_o critic_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o aventinus_n a_o alban_n king_n 4._o king_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o some_o from_o the_o river_n aven_n ibid._n aven_n ibid._n and_o other_o ab_fw-la avibus_fw-la from_o the_o bird_n which_o use_v to_o fly_v hither_o in_o great_a flock_n from_o the_o tiber_n ibid._n tiber_n ibid._n it_o be_v call_v too_o murcius_n from_o murcia_n the_o goddess_n of_o sleep_n who_o have_v here_o a_o sacellum_fw-la or_o little_a temple_n festus_n temple_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n collis_n dianae_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n martial_a diana_n martial_a and_o remonius_a from_o remus_n who_o will_v have_v have_v the_o city_n begin_v in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v here_o bury_v romal_n bury_v plutarch_n in_o romal_n a._n gellius_n affirm_v 14._o affirm_v lib._n 13._o cap._n 14._o that_o this_o hill_n be_v all_o along_o repute_v sacred_a be_v never_o enclose_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n till_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n but_o eutropius_n 1._o eutropius_n lib._n 1._o express_o attribute_n the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_o ancus_n maritius_n and_o a_o old_a epigram_n insert_v by_o caspinian_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o cassiodorus_n confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n to_o the_o west_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n 3._o palatinus_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o circuit_n eighteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n 1._o quarter_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 1._o beside_o these_o seven_o principal_a hill_n three_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n be_v take_v in_o in_o late_a time_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la or_o hortorum_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a garden_n of_o sallust_n adjoin_v to_o it_o 11._o it_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v pincius_n from_o the_o pincii_n a_o noble_a family_n who_o have_v here_o their_o seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n the_o emperor_n aurelian_a first_o enclose_v it_o within_o the_o city_n wall_n ibid._n wall_n ibid._n to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o plain_a part_n of_o mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o west_n the_o vallis_n martia_n to_o the_o north_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n 3._o city_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o eighteen_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_a lib_n 1._o câ—p_n 1._o janiculum_n or_o janicularis_fw-la be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o a_o old_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o janus_n or_o because_o janus_n dwell_v and_o be_v bury_v here_o 11._o here_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o or_o because_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o janua_n of_o janua_n gate_n to_o the_o roman_n whence_o they_o issue_v out_o upon_o the_o tuscan_n festus_n tuscan_n festus_n the_o sparkle_v sand_n have_v at_o present_a give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aureus_fw-la and_o by_o corruption_n montorius_n 3._o montorius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o we_o may_v make_v two_o observation_n about_o this_o hill_n from_o one_o epigram_n of_o martial_a that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a place_n to_o take_v once_o stand_v for_o a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o it_o be_v less_o inhabit_v than_o the_o other_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o air_n 64._o air_n marlial_a epig._n lib._n 4._o ep._n 64._o it_o be_v still_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o numa_n and_o statius_n the_o poet_n 3._o poet_n fabricii_n rom._n lib_n 1._o cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vatican_n ibid._n vatican_n ibid._n in_o circuit_n as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n wall_n five_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la vaticanus_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o vates_fw-la or_o prophet_n that_o use_v to_o be_v give_v here_o or_o from_o the_o god_n vaticanus_n or_o vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v enclose_v within_o the_o wall_n till_o the_o time_n of_o aurelian_a this_o hill_n be_v former_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n some_o remain_v of_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v 2._o see_v warcup_n hist_n of_o italy_n book_n 2._o but_o it_o be_v more_o celebrate_v at_o present_a on_o the_o account_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n the_o pope_n palace_n and_o the_o noble_a library_n in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n vatioanus_n and_o the_o river_n to_o the_o south_n the_o janiculum_n to_o the_o west_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n or_o potter_n field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o prata_n quintia_n 3._o quintia_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o it_o lie_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n draw_v up_o very_o high_a the_o convex_a part_n stretch_v almost_o a_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n the_o great_a we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v in_o the_o
reign_n of_o valerian_n who_o enlarge_v the_o wall_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o surround_v the_o space_n of_o fifty_o mile_n aâ—râ—â—tano_n mile_n vopâ—sâ—â—_n in_o aâ—râ—â—tano_n the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o its_o flourish_a state_n lipsius_n compute_v at_o four_o million_o roman_n million_o de_fw-fr magnitud_n roman_n at_o present_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n be_v not_o above_o thirteen_o miles_n 2._o miles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 2._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o city_n into_o tribe_n and_o region_n and_o of_o the_o gate_n and_o bridges_n romulus_n divide_v his_o little_a city_n into_o three_o tribe_n and_o servius_n tullius_n add_v a_o four_o which_o division_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n it_o be_v he_o first_o appoint_v the_o fourteen_o region_n or_o ward_n a_o account_n of_o which_o with_o the_o number_n of_o temple_n bath_n etc._n etc._n in_o every_o region_n may_v be_v thus_o take_v from_o the_o accurate_a panvinius_n region_n i._o porta_fw-la capena_n street_n 9_o luci_n 3_o temple_n 4._o aedes_fw-la 6._o public_a bath_n 6._o arch_n 4._o barn_n 14._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 121._o the_o whole_a compass_n 13223_o foot_n region_n ii_o coelimontium_fw-la street_n 12._o luci_n 2._o temple_n 5._o the_o public_a bath_n of_o the_o city_n private_a bath_n so._n the_o great_a shambles_n barn_n 23._o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 133._o the_o compass_n 13200_o foot_n region_n iii_o isis_n and_o serapis_n street_n 8._o temple_n 2._o the_o amphitheatre_n of_o vespasian_n the_o bath_n of_o titus_n trajan_n and_o philip._n barn_n 29_o or_o 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 160._o the_o compass_n 12450_o foot_n region_n iu_o via_fw-la sacra_fw-la or_o templum_fw-la pacis_fw-la street_n 8._o temple_n 10._o the_o colossus_n of_o the_o sun_n 120_o foot_n high_a the_o arch_n of_o titus_n severus_n and_o constantine_n private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 24._o great_a house_n 138._o the_o compass_n 14000_o or_o as_o some_o say_v only_o 8000_o foot_n region_n v._o esqvilina_n street_n 15._o luci_n 8._o temple_n 6._o aedes_fw-la 5._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 23._o mill_n 22._o great_a house_n 180._o the_o compass_n 15950_o foot_n region_n vi_o acta_fw-la semita_fw-la street_n 12_o or_o 13._o temple_n 15._o portico_n 2._o circi_fw-la 2._o fora_n 2._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 15600_o foot_n region_n vii_o via_fw-la lata_fw-la street_n 40._o temple_n 4._o private_a bath_n 75._o arch_n 3._o mill_n 17._o barn_n 25._o great_a house_n 120._o the_o compass_n 23700_o foot_n region_n viii_o forum_n romanum_fw-la street_n 12._o temple_n 21._o private_a bath_n 66._o aedes_fw-la 10._o portico_n 9_o arch_n 4._o fora_n 7._o curiae_fw-la 4._o basilicae_fw-la 7._o column_n 6._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 14867_o foot_n region_n ix_o circus_n flaminius_n street_n 30._o temple_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 20._o portico_n 12._o circi_fw-la 2._o theatre_n 4._o basilicae_fw-la 3_o curiae_fw-la 2._o thermae_n 5._o arch_n 2._o column_n 2._o mill_n 32._o barn_n 32._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 30560_o foot_n region_n x._o palatium_fw-la street_n 7._o temple_n 10._o aedes_fw-la 9_o theatre_n 1._o curiae_fw-la 4._o private_a bath_n 15._o mill_n 12._o barn_n 16._o great_a house_n 109._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xi_o circus_n maximus_n street_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 22._o private_a bath_n 15._o barn_n 16._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xii_o piscina_fw-la publica_fw-la street_n 12._o aedes_fw-la 2._o private_a bath_n 68_o barn_n 28._o mill_n 25._o great_a house_n 128._o the_o compass_n 12000_o foot_n region_n xiii_o aventinus_n street_n 17._o luci_n 6._o temple_n 6._o private_a bath_n 74._o barn_n 36._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 16300_o foot_n region_n fourteen_o transtiberina_fw-la street_n 23._o aedes_fw-la 6._o private_a bath_n 136._o barn_n 22._o mill_n 32._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 33409_o foot_n as_o to_o the_o gate_n romulus_n build_v only_o three_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o four_o at_o most_o but_o as_o building_n be_v enlarge_v the_o gate_n be_v according_o multiply_v so_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v thirty_o four_o in_o his_o time_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v porta_n flumentana_n so_o call_v because_o if_o stand_v near_o the_o river_n porta_n flaminâ—a_o owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o flaminian_a way_n which_o begin_v there_o porta_n carmentalis_n build_v by_o romulus_n and_o so_o call_v from_o carmenta_n the_o prophetess_n mother_n of_o evander_n porta_n naevia_n which_o varro_n derive_v à _fw-la nemoribus_fw-la from_o the_o wood_n which_o former_o stand_v near_o it_o porta_n saliana_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o salt_n which_o the_o sabine_n use_v to_o bring_v in_o at_o that_o gate_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o supply_v the_o city_n porta_n capena_n call_v so_o from_o capena_n a_o old_a city_n of_o italy_n to_o which_o the_o way_n lay_v through_o this_o gate_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v appia_n from_o appius_n the_o censor_n and_o triumphalis_fw-la from_o the_o triumph_n in_o which_o the_o procession_n common_o pass_v under_o here_o and_o fontinalis_n from_o the_o aqueduct_n which_o be_v raise_v over_o it_o whence_o juvenal_n call_v it_o madida_fw-la capena_n and_o martial_a capena_n grandi_fw-la porta_n quae_fw-la pluit_fw-la guttâ_fw-la the_o tiber_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o eight_o bridge_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o set_v down_o by_o marlian_n milvius_n aelius_n vaticanus_n janiculensis_n cestius_n fabricius_n palatinus_n and_o sublicius_fw-la chap._n iii_o of_o the_o place_n of_o worship_n particular_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o luci._n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o make_v a_o short_a observation_n about_o the_o general_a name_n under_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o author_n templum_fw-la then_o be_v a_o place_n which_o have_v not_o be_v only_o dedicate_v to_o some_o deity_n but_o withal_o formal_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n aedes_fw-la sacrâ—_n be_v such_o as_o want_v that_o consecration_n which_o if_o they_o afterward_o receive_v they_o change_v their_o name_n to_o temple_n delubrum_fw-la according_a to_o servius_n be_v a_o place_n that_o under_o one_o roof_n comprehend_v several_a deity_n aelicula_n be_v only_o a_o diminutive_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o little_a aedes_fw-la sacellum_fw-la may_v be_v derive_v the_o same_o way_n from_o aedes_fw-la sacra_fw-la festus_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o place_n sacred_a to_o the_o god_n without_o a_o roof_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o reckon_v up_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o all_o the_o temple_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n the_o most_o celebrate_a on_o all_o account_n be_v the_o capitel_a and_o the_o pantheon_n capitolium_fw-la templ_n pantheon_n vulgo_fw-la rotunda_n the_o capitol_n or_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o vow_n make_v by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o the_o sabine_a war_n 1._o war_n liv._o lib._n 1._o but_o he_o have_v scarce_o lay_v the_o foundation_n before_o his_o death_n his_o nephew_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a finish_v it_o with_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n ibid._n nation_n ibid._n but_o upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n the_o consecration_n be_v perform_v by_o horatius_n the_o consul_n poplicol_n consul_n plutarch_n in_o poplicol_n the_o structure_n stand_v on_o a_o high_a ridge_n take_v in_o four_o acre_n of_o ground_n the_o front_n be_v adorn_v with_o three_o row_v of_o of_o pillar_n the_o other_o side_n with_o two_o halicar_n two_o diony_n halicar_n the_o ascent_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v by_o a_o hundred_o step_n tacitus_n step_n tacitus_n the_o prodigious_a gift_n and_o ornament_n with_o which_o it_o be_v at_o several_a time_n endow_v almost_o exceed_v belief_n suetonius_n 30._o suetonius_n in_o august_n cap._n 30._o tell_v we_o that_o augustus_n give_v at_o one_o time_n two_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o jewel_n and_o precious_a stone_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o sesterce_n livy_n and_o pliny_n etc._n pliny_n liv._o lib._n 10_o 35_o 38._o plmy_a lib._n 33_o etc._n etc._n surprise_v we_o with_o account_n of_o the_o brazen_a threshold_n the_o noble_a pillar_n that_o sylla_n remove_v hither_o from_o athens_n out_o of_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n the_o gild_a roof_n the_o gild_a shield_n and_o those_o of_o solid_a silver_n the_o huge_a vessel_n of_o silver_n hold_v three_o measure_n the_o golden_a chariot_n etc._n etc._n this_o temple_n be_v first_o consume_v by_o sire_n in_o the_o marian_n war_n and_o then_o rebuilt_a by_o sylla_n who_o die_v before_o the_o dedication_n leave_v that_o honour_n to_o quintus_fw-la catulus_n this_o
and_o begin_v the_o war._n the_o design_n of_o the_o trophy_n be_v too_o well_o know_v to_o need_v any_o explication_n the_o shape_n of_o they_o can_v be_v better_a understand_v than_o by_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o the_o poet._n ingentem_fw-la quercum_fw-la decisis_fw-la undique_fw-la ramis_fw-la constituit_fw-la tumulo_fw-la fulgentiaque_fw-la induit_fw-la arma_fw-la mezentî_fw-la ducis_fw-la exuvias_fw-la tibi_fw-la magne_fw-la trophaeum_fw-la bellipotens_fw-la aptat_fw-la rorantes_fw-la sanguine_fw-la cristas_fw-la telaque_fw-la trunca_fw-la viri_fw-la &_o bis_fw-la sex_n thoraca_fw-la petitum_fw-la perfossumque_fw-la locis_fw-la clypeumque_fw-la ex_fw-la aere_fw-la sinistrae_fw-la subligat_fw-la atque_fw-la ensem_fw-la collo_fw-la suspendit_fw-la eburnum_fw-la 11._o eburnum_fw-la virg_n aenâ—id_n 11._o and_o next_o he_o lop_v a_o oak_n great_a branch_n round_o the_o trunk_n he_o fasten_v in_o a_o rise_a gronnd_n and_o here_o he_o fix_v the_o shine_a armour_n on_o the_o mighty_a spoil_n from_o proud_a mezentius_n win_v above_o the_o crest_n be_v place_v that_o drop_v with_o blood_n a_o grateful_a trophy_n to_o the_o warlike_a god_n his_o shatter_v spear_n stick_v round_o the_o corslet_n too_o pierce_v in_o twelve_o place_n hang_v deform_v below_o while_o the_o left_a side_n his_o massy_a target_n bear_v the_o neck_n the_o glitter_a blade_n he_o brandish_v in_o the_o war_n of_o those_o trophy_n which_o marius_n raise_v after_o the_o cimbrie_n war_n still_o remain_v at_o rome_n we_o have_v this_o account_n in_o frabricius_n they_o be_v two_o trunk_n of_o marble_n hang_v round_o with_o spoil_n one_o of_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o scaly_a corslet_n with_o shield_n and_o other_o military_a ornament_n just_o before_o it_o be_v set_v a_o young_a man_n in_o the_o posture_n of_o a_o captive_n with_o his_o hand_n tie_v behind_o he_o and_o all_o round_a be_v wing_a image_n of_o victory_n the_o other_o be_v set_v out_o with_o the_o common_a military_a garb_n 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this_o emendation_n do_v in_o some_o measure_n extenuate_v one_o part_n of_o vanity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o often_o allege_v against_o they_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o passage_n of_o the_o historian_n yet_o the_o prodigious_a account_n that_o we_o have_v of_o their_o ornament_n and_o furniture_n will_v bring_v they_o perhaps_o under_o a_o censure_n no_o less_o favourable_a than_o the_o former_a seneca_n speak_v of_o the_o luxury_n of_o his_o countryman_n in_o this_o respect_n complain_n that_o they_o be_v arrive_v to_o such_o a_o pitch_n of_o niceness_n and_o delicacy_n as_o to_o scorn_v to_o set_v their_o foot_n on_o any_o thing_n but_o precious_a stone_n 86._o stone_n fpist_n 86._o and_o pliny_n wish_v good_a old_a fabricius_n be_v but_o alive_a to_o see_v the_o degeneracy_n of_o his_o posterity_n when_o the_o very_a woman_n must_v have_v their_o seat_n in_o the_o bath_n of_o solid_a silver_n 12._o silver_n lib._n 33._o cap._n 12._o but_o a_o description_n from_o a_o poet_n may_v perhaps_o be_v more_o divert_v and_o this_o statius_n have_v oblige_v we_o with_o in_o his_o poem_n upon_o the_o bath_n of_o claudius_n etruscus_n steward_n to_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n nilibi_n plebeium_fw-la nusquam_fw-la temesaea_n videbis_fw-la aera_fw-la sed_fw-la argento_n felix_fw-la propellitur_fw-la unda_fw-la argentoque_fw-la cadit_fw-la labrisque_fw-la nitentibus_fw-la instat_fw-la dellâ—ias_fw-la mirata_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o abire_fw-la recusat_fw-la nothing_o there_o be_v vulgar_a no_o temesean_a brass_n in_o all_o the_o glitter_a structure_n claim_v a_o place_n from_o silver_n pipe_n the_o happy_a water_n flow_v in_o silver_n cistern_n be_v receive_v below_o see_v where_o with_o noble_a pride_n the_o doubtful_a stream_n stand_v fix_v in_o wonder_n on_o the_o shine_a brim_n survey_v its_o riches_n and_o admire_v its_o state_n loath_a to_o be_v ravish_v from_o the_o glorious_a seat_n the_o most_o remarkable_a bagnio_n be_v those_o of_o the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n and_o antoninus_n caracalla_n great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v stand_v at_o this_o time_n and_o with_o the_o vast_a high_a arch_n the_o beautiful_a and_o stately_a pillar_n the_o extraordinary_a plenty_n of_o foreign_a marble_n the_o curious_a vault_a of_o the_o roof_n the_o prodigious_a number_n of_o spacious_a apartment_n and_o a_o thousand_o other_o ornament_n and_o convenience_n be_v as_o please_v a_o sight_n to_o a_o traveller_n as_o any_o other_o antiquity_n in_o rome_n the_o aqueduct_n be_v without_o question_n some_o of_o the_o noble_a design_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n sextus_n julius_n frontinus_n a_o roman_a author_n and_o a_o person_n of_o consular_a dignity_n who_o have_v compile_v a_o whole_a treatise_n on_o this_o subject_a affirm_v they_o to_o be_v the_o clear_a token_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o first_o invention_n of_o they_o be_v attribute_v to_o appius_n claudius_n a._n v._o c._n 441_o who_o bring_v water_n into_o the_o city_n by_o a_o channel_n of_o eleven_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o this_o be_v very_o inconsiderable_a to_o those_o that_o be_v afterward_o carry_v on_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o person_n several_a of_o which_o be_v cut_v through_o the_o mountain_n and_o all_o other_o impediment_n for_o above_o forty_o mile_n together_o and_o of_o such_o a_o height_n that_o a_o man_n on_o horseback_n as_o procopius_n inform_v we_o may_v ride_v through_o they_o without_o the_o least_o difficulty_n 1._o difficulty_n prâ—copius_n de_fw-fr bell_n goth._n lib._n 1._o but_o this_o be_v mean_v only_o of_o the_o constant_a course_n of_o the_o channel_n for_o the_o vault_n and_o arch_n be_v in_o some_o place_n 109_o foot_n high_a frontin_n high_a sext._n jul._n frontin_n procopius_n 1._o procopius_n debell_n goth._n lib._n 1._o make_v the_o aqueduct_n but_o fourteen_o p._n victor_n region_n victor_n descript_n vrb_n region_n have_v enlarge_v the_o number_n to_o twenty_o in_o the_o name_n of_o they_o the_o water_n only_o be_v mention_v as_o aqua_fw-la claudia_n aqua_fw-la appia_n etc._n etc._n the_o noble_a poet_n rutilius_n thus_o touch_v on_o the_o aqueduct_n in_o his_o ingenious_a itinerary_n quid_fw-la loquar_fw-la aerio_fw-la pendents_n fornice_n rivos_fw-la quà _fw-la vix_fw-la imbriferas_fw-la tolleret_fw-la iris_n aquas_fw-la nos_fw-la potius_fw-la dicas_fw-la crevisse_fw-la in_o sydera_fw-la montes_fw-la tale_n giganteum_fw-la graecia_n laudat_fw-la opus_fw-la 1._o opus_fw-la rutil_n itinerar_fw-it lib._n 1._o what_o shall_v i_o sing_v how_o lofty_a water_n flow_v from_o airy_a vault_n and_o leave_v the_o rain_n below_o while_o conquer_v iris_n yield_v with_o her_o unequal_a bow_n bold_a typhon_n here_o have_v spare_v his_o pain_n as_o well_o and_o scale_v jove_n wall_n from_o any_o single_a hill_n but_o that_o which_o pliny_n call_v opus_fw-la omnium_fw-la maximum_fw-la be_v the_o cloacae_fw-la or_o common_a gutter_n for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o dirt_n and_o filth_n and_o because_o no_o authority_n can_v be_v better_o than_o he_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o borrow_v the_o whole_a account_n of_o they_o from_o the_o same_o place_n cloacae_fw-la opus_fw-la omnium_fw-la maximum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o cloacae_fw-la the_o great_a of_o all_o the_o work_n he_o contrive_v by_o undermine_v and_o cut_v through_o the_o seven_o hill_n upon_o which_o rome_n be_v seat_v make_v the_o city_n hang_v as_o it_o be_v between_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o capable_a of_o be_v sail_v under_o m._n agrippa_n in_o his_o aedileship_n make_v no_o less_o than_o seven_o stream_n meet_v together_o underground_o in_o one_o main_a channel_n with_o such_o a_o rapid_a current_n as_o to_o carry_v all_o before_o they_o that_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o passage_n sometime_o when_o they_o be_v violent_o swell_v with_o immoderate_a rains_n they_o beat_v with_o excessive_a fury_n against_o the_o pave_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o on_o the_o side_n sometime_o in_o a_o flood_n the_o tiber_n water_n oppose_v they_o in_o their_o course_n and_o then_o the_o two_o stream_n encounter_v with_o all_o the_o fury_n imaginable_a and_o yet_o the_o work_n preserve_v their_o old_a strength_n without_o any_o sensible_a damage_n sometime_o huge_a
piece_n of_o stone_n and_o timber_n or_o such_o like_a material_n be_v carry_v down_o the_o channel_n and_o yet_o the_o fabric_n receive_v no_o detriment_n sometime_o the_o ruin_n of_o whole_a building_n destroy_v by_o fire_n or_o other_o casualty_n press_v heavy_o upon_o the_o frame_n sometime_o terrible_a earthquake_n shake_v the_o very_a foundation_n and_o yet_o they_o still_o continue_v impregnable_a almost_o 800_o year_n since_o they_o be_v first_o lay_v by_o tarqvinius_n 15._o tarqvinius_n pâ—m._n lib._n 36._o cap._n 15._o very_o little_a inferior_a to_o the_o work_v already_o mention_v be_v the_o public_a way_n build_v with_o extraordinary_a charge_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o city_n on_o all_o side_n they_o be_v general_o pave_v with_o flint_n though_o sometime_o and_o especial_o without_o the_o city_n with_o pebble_n and_o gravel_n the_o most_o noble_a in_o all_o respect_n be_v the_o via_fw-la appia_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o author_n appius_n the_o same_o that_o invent_v the_o cloacae_fw-la this_o be_v carry_v to_o such_o a_o vast_a length_n that_o procopius_n 1._o procopius_n de_fw-fr bell_n goth._n lib._n 1._o reckon_v it_o a_o very_a good_a five_o day_n journey_n to_o reach_v the_o end_n and_o lipsius_n rom._n lipsius_n de_fw-fr magn._n rom._n compute_v it_o at_o 350_o miles_n a_o account_n of_o as_o much_o of_o this_o way_n as_o lie_v between_o rome_n and_o naples_n the_o reverend_a dr._n burnet_n have_v oblige_v we_o with_o in_o his_o letter_n four_o letter_n letter_n four_o he_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v twelve_o foot_n broad_a all_o make_v of_o huge_a stone_n most_o of_o they_o blue_a and_o they_o be_v general_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a large_a of_o all_o side_n and_o present_o after_o admire_v the_o extraordinary_a strength_n of_o the_o work_n he_o say_v that_o though_o it_o have_v last_v above_o 1800_o year_n yet_o in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v for_o several_a mile_n together_o as_o entire_a as_o when_o it_o be_v first_o make_v and_o as_o to_o the_o via_fw-la flaminia_n the_o next_o causey_n of_o note_n the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o indeed_o so_o entire_a as_o the_o former_a yet_o there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o raise_v a_o just_a idea_n of_o the_o roman_a greatness_n i_o must_v desire_v leave_n to_o conclude_v this_o subject_a with_o the_o ingenious_a epigram_n of_o janus_n vitalis_n a_o italian_a poet._n quid_fw-la romam_fw-la in_o mediâ_fw-la quaeris_fw-la novus_fw-la advena_fw-la româ_fw-la et_fw-la romae_fw-la in_o româ_fw-la nil_fw-la reperis_fw-la mediâ_fw-la aspice_fw-la murorum_fw-la mole_n praeruptaque_fw-la saxa_fw-la obrutaque_fw-la horrenti_fw-la vasta_fw-la theatra_fw-la situ_fw-la haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la roma_fw-la viden_n '_o velut_fw-la ipsa_fw-la cadavera_fw-la tantae_fw-la vrbis_fw-la adhuc_fw-la spirent_fw-la imperiosa_fw-la minas_fw-la vicit_fw-la ut_fw-la haec_fw-la mundum_fw-la nisa_fw-la est_fw-la se_fw-la vincere_fw-la vicit_fw-la a_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la victum_fw-la ne_fw-la quid_fw-la in_o orbe_fw-la foret_fw-la hunc_fw-la victâ_fw-la in_o româ_fw-la victrix_fw-la roma_fw-la illa_fw-la sepulta_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la eadem_fw-la victrix_fw-la victaque_fw-la roma_fw-la fuit_fw-la albula_n romani_fw-la restat_fw-la nunc_fw-la nominis_fw-la index_n qui_fw-la quoque_fw-la nunc_fw-la rapidis_fw-la fertur_fw-la in_o aequor_fw-la aquis_fw-la disee_fw-mi hinc_fw-la quid_fw-la possit_fw-la fortuna_fw-la immota_fw-la labascunt_fw-la et_fw-la quae_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la sunt_fw-la agitata_fw-la manent_fw-la within_o rome_n wall_n vain_a stranger_n be_v thou_o come_v to_o seek_v for_o rome_n and_o find_v no_o rome_n in_o rome_n see_v here_o the_o craggy_a wall_n the_o tow'r_n deface_v and_o pile_n that_o frighten_v more_o than_o once_o they_o please_v see_v the_o vast_a theater_n a_o shapeless_a load_n and_o sight_n more_o tragic_a than_o they_o ever_o show_v this_o this_o be_v rome_n her_o haughty_a carcase_n spread_v still_o awe_v in_o ruin_n and_o command_v when_o dead_a the_o subject_a world_n first_o take_v from_o she_o their_o fate_n and_o when_o she_o only_o stand_v unconquered_a yet_o herself_o she_o last_v subdue_v to_o make_v the_o work_n complete_a ibid_fw-la complete_a ibid_fw-la but_o ah_o so_o dear_a the_o fatal_a triumph_n cost_n that_o conquer_a rome_n be_v the_o conquer_v lose_v yet_o roll_a tiber_n still_o maintain_v his_o stream_n swell_v with_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a name_n strange_a power_n of_o fate_n unshaken_a mole_n must_v waste_v while_o thing_n that_o ever_o move_v for_o ever_o last_o part_n ii_o book_n ii_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o religion_n and_o morality_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o general_n that_o religion_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o establish_n of_o civil_a government_n be_v a_o truth_n so_o far_o from_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o person_n that_o we_o meet_v with_o too_o many_o who_o be_v unwilling_a to_o allow_v any_o other_o design_n in_o sacred_a institution_n as_o to_o the_o roman_n it_o have_v be_v universal_o agree_v that_o virtue_n and_o fortune_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o sort_n of_o noble_a contention_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o grandeur_n and_o happiness_n of_o that_o people_n and_o a_o very_a great_a judge_n have_v conclude_v the_o latter_a to_o be_v only_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o other_o for_o religion_n say_v he_o 11._o he_o machiavel_n discourse_n on_o livy_n lib._n 1_o cap._n 11._o produce_v good_a law_n good_a law_n good_a fortune_n and_o good_a fortune_n a_o good_a end_n in_o whatever_o they_o undertake_v and_o perhaps_o he_o have_v not_o strain_v the_o panegyric_n too_o high_a when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o for_o several_a age_n together_o never_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n more_o eminent_o conspicuous_a than_o in_o that_o republic_n ibid._n republic_n ibid._n it_o be_v this_o consideration_n which_o make_v the_o great_a st._n austin_n observe_v 15._o observe_v de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 4._o cap._n 15._o that_o god_n will_v not_o give_v heaven_n to_o the_o roman_n because_o they_o be_v heathen_n but_o he_o give_v they_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n because_o they_o be_v virtuous_a and_o indeed_o in_o their_o more_o general_a virtue_n their_o practice_n incline_v rather_o to_o the_o excess_n than_o the_o defect_n thus_o be_v they_o devout_a to_o superstition_n valiant_a to_o a_o contempt_n of_o life_n and_o a_o incesiderate_a court_v of_o danger_n frugal_n and_o temperate_a in_o the_o fâ—â—â—_n age_n to_o a_o voluntary_a abstinence_n from_o agreeable_a pleasure_n aâ—â—_n convenience_n constant_a several_a time_n to_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o own_o ruin_n and_o rather_o rigorous_a than_o just_a a_o tedious_a account_n 〈◊〉_d the_o decii_n regulus_n fabricius_n curius_n scaevola_n etc._n etc._n will_v 〈◊〉_d needless_a even_o to_o a_o schoolboy_n who_o be_v seldom_o unfurnish_a wâ—â—â—_n a_o stock_n of_o relation_n but_o we_o must_v by_o no_o mean_n omit_v a_o most_o noble_a say_n of_o câ—â—â—cero_n to_o this_o purpose_n in_o his_o oration_n about_o the_o answer_n of_o thâ—_n aruspices_fw-la quà m_fw-la volumus_fw-la licet_fw-la patres_fw-la conscripti_fw-la nos_fw-la amemus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d man_n nec_fw-la numero_fw-la hispanos_fw-la nec_fw-la robore_fw-la gallos_n nec_fw-la calliditate_fw-la paâ—â—_n nec_fw-la artibus_fw-la graecos_n nec_fw-la denique_fw-la hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la huius_fw-la gentis_fw-la &_o terrae_fw-la â—â—mestico_fw-la nativoque_fw-la sensu_fw-la italos_n ipsos_fw-la &_o latino_n sed_fw-la pielate_fw-la ac_fw-la reâ—gione_fw-la atque_fw-la hà c_fw-la unà _fw-la sapientiâ_fw-la quòd_fw-la deorum_fw-la immortalium_fw-la numiâ—â—_n omne_fw-la regi_fw-la gubernarique_fw-la perspeximus_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la nationesâ—â—_n superavimus_fw-la but_o it_o will_v natural_o be_v object_v that_o whatever_o harangue_n we_o make_v upon_o the_o justice_n temperance_n and_o other_o â—â—â—lebrated_a virtue_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n they_o at_o last_o degeneratâ—â—â—_n into_o the_o most_o luxurious_a and_o extravagant_a people_n in_o the_o world_n eâ—very_n page_n of_o their_o own_o satirist_n be_v a_o very_a good_a argument_n sâ—â—_n this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o numerous_a complaint_n of_o their_o historian_n and_o other_o writer_n now_o though_o lipsius_n have_v undertake_v 〈◊〉_d bring_v they_o off_o clear_a from_o all_o such_o imputation_n yet_o i_o think_v 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v force_v to_o allow_v that_o they_o do_v indeed_o debase_v the_o nobâ—â—_n and_o generous_a spirit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o this_o corruption_n wâ—â—_n without_o doubt_n the_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o declension_n and_o firâ—â—_n ruin_v of_o the_o empire_n but_o as_o we_o be_v not_o to_o give_v over_o tâ—â—_n cause_n of_o virtue_n on_o account_n of_o the_o debauchery_n of_o late_a time_n 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o exalt_v the_o eminent_a quality_n of_o the_o oliâ—â—_n roman_n to_o so_o high_a a_o pitch_n as_o some_o imagine_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o hero_n of_o every_o consul_n or_o fancy_v every_o oâ—â—_n who_o be_v eminent_o serviceable_a to_o the_o republic_n to_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d person_n of_o consummate_v virtue_n so_o that_o when_o we_o meet_v iâ—_n roman_n
it_o a_o corruption_n of_o pilamine_n from_o pilâ—us_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o cap_n proper_a to_o the_o order_n varro_z fesius_n and_o servius_n will_v have_v it_o a_o contraction_n of_o filamine_n from_fw-la filum_fw-la and_o tell_v we_o that_o find_v their_o cap_n too_o heavy_a and_o troublesome_a they_o take_v up_o a_o light_a sort_n of_o wear_v only_o bind_v a_o parcel_n of_o thread_n about_o their_o head_n other_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o flamma_n or_o flammâ—um_n a_o sort_n of_o turban_n which_o they_o make_v they_o to_o have_v wear_v though_o this_o general_o signify_v a_o woman_n veil_n râ—sinus_n declare_v for_o the_o second_o of_o these_o opinion_n polydore_v virgil_n have_v give_v his_o judgement_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o three_o 14._o three_o de_fw-fr 〈…〉_o câ—â—_n 14._o numa_n at_o first_o discharge_v several_a office_n of_o religion_n himself_o and_o design_v that_o all_o his_o successor_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a but_o because_o he_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v partake_v more_o of_o romulus_n his_o genius_n than_o his_o own_o and_o be_v engage_v in_o warlike_a erterprise_n may_v incapacitate_v themselves_o for_o this_o function_n he_o institute_v these_o flamen_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o same_o service_n as_o by_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n 1._o king_n livy_n lib._n 1._o the_o only_a three_o constitute_v at_o first_o be_v flamen_n dialis_n martialis_n and_o quirinalis_n the_o first_o be_v sacred_a to_o jupiter_n and_o a_o person_n of_o the_o high_a authority_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v several_a superstitious_a restraint_n as_o well_o as_o honour_v with_o several_a eminent_a privilege_n beyond_o other_o officer_n which_o be_v reckon_v up_o at_o large_a by_o gellius_n 15._o gellius_n nâ—ct_n ats._n lib._n 10._o cap._n 15._o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o wife_n of_o this_o flamen_n have_v the_o name_n of_o flaminica_n and_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o care_n of_o several_a ceremony_n peculiar_a to_o her_o place_n the_o other_o two_o be_v of_o less_o yet_o of_o very_o eminent_a authority_n ordain_v to_o inspect_v the_o rite_n of_o mars_n and_o romulus_n all_o three_o where_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n several_a priest_n of_o the_o same_o order_n though_o of_o inferior_a power_n and_o dignity_n be_v add_v in_o late_a time_n the_o whole_a number_n be_v general_o compute_v at_o fifteen_o yet_o fenestella_n or_o the_o author_n under_o his_o name_n assure_v we_o from_o varro_n that_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v a_o particular_a flamen_n for_o every_o deity_n they_o worship_v 5._o worship_v de_fw-fr sacerdotus_n cap._n 5._o though_o the_o flamen_n dialis_n discharge_v several_a religious_a duty_n that_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o we_o meet_v with_o another_o officer_n of_o great_a authority_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v pure_o design_v for_o that_o employment_n and_o this_o be_v the_o rex_fw-la sacrificulus_fw-la or_o sacrorum_fw-la dionysius_n give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o this_o institution_n as_o follow_v because_o the_o king_n have_v in_o a_o great_a many_o respect_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o state_n the_o establisher_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n think_v it_o very_o proper_a to_o keep_v always_o the_o name_n of_o king_n in_o the_o city_n upon_o this_o account_n they_o order_v the_o augur_n and_o pontifices_fw-la to_o choose_v out_o a_o fit_a person_n who_o shall_v engage_v never_o to_o have_v the_o least_o hand_n in_o civil_a affair_n but_o devote_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n and_o ceremony_n of_o religion_n with_o the_o title_n of_o rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la 5._o sacrorum_fw-la antiq._n lib._n 5._o and_o livy_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o office_n of_o rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la be_v therefore_o make_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o pontifex_n maximus_n for_o fear_n that_o the_o name_n of_o king_n which_o have_v be_v former_o so_o odious_a to_o the_o people_n might_n for_o all_o this_o restraint_n be_v still_o in_o some_o measure_n prejudicial_a to_o their_o liberty_n 2._o liberty_n livy_n lib._n 2._o salii_fw-la the_o original_a of_o the_o salii_fw-la may_v be_v thus_o gather_v froâ—_n plutarch_n in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o numa_n reign_n a_o terrible_a pestilence_n spread_v itself_o over_o italy_n among_o other_o place_n miserable_o infest_a rome_n the_o citizen_n be_v almost_o grow_v desperate_a wheâ—_n they_o be_v comfort_v on_o a_o sudden_a by_o the_o report_n of_o a_o brazeâ—_n target_n which_o they_o say_v fall_v into_o numa_n hand_n from_o heaven_n the_o king_n be_v assure_v by_o the_o conference_n he_o maintain_v with_o the_o nymph_n egeria_n and_o the_o muse_n that_o the_o target_n be_v send_v from_o the_o god_n for_o the_o cure_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o city_n and_o this_o be_v soon_o verify_v by_o the_o miraculous_a cease_n of_o the_o sickness_n they_o advise_v he_o too_o to_o make_v eleven_o other_o target_n so_o like_a in_o their_o dimension_n and_o form_n to_o the_o original_a that_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o design_n of_o steal_v it_o away_o the_o true_a may_v not_o be_v distinguish_v or_o know_v from_o those_o which_o be_v counterfeit_v by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v be_v more_o difficult_a to_o defeat_v the_o counsel_n of_o fate_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v determine_v that_o while_o this_o be_v preserve_v the_o city_n shall_v prove_v happy_a and_o victorious_a this_o difficult_a work_n one_o veturius_n mamurius_n very_o lucky_o perform_v and_o make_v eleven_o other_o that_o numa_n himself_o can_v not_o know_v from_o the_o first_o they_o be_v work_v into_o a_o oval_a form_n with_o several_a fold_n or_o pleat_n close_v one_o over_o another_o they_o exact_o fit_v the_o elbow_n by_o their_o figure_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v ancylia_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o crooked_a shape_n or_o from_o the_o cubit_n that_o part_n of_o the_o arm_n between_o the_o wrist_n and_o the_o elbow_n upon_o which_o they_o carry_v the_o ancylia_n num._n ancylia_n plutarch_n in_o num._n for_o the_o keep_n of_o these_o numa_n institute_v a_o order_n of_o priest_n call_v salii_fw-la à _fw-la saliendo_fw-la from_o leap_v or_o dance_v they_o live_v all_o in_o a_o body_n and_o compose_v a_o college_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o number_n of_o man_n as_o the_o buckler_n they_o preserve_v the_o three_o senior_n govern_v the_o rest_n of_o who_o the_o first_o have_v the_o name_n of_o praesul_fw-la the_o second_o of_o fate_n and_o the_o other_o of_o magister_n 26._o magister_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 26._o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n be_v their_o great_a feast_n when_o they_o carry_v their_o sacred_a charge_n about_o the_o city_n at_o this_o procession_n they_o be_v habit_v in_o a_o short_a scarlet_a cassock_n have_v round_o they_o a_o broad_a belt_n clasp_v with_o brass_n buckles_n on_o their_o head_n they_o wear_v a_o sort_n of_o copper_n helmet_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o go_v on_o with_o a_o nimble_a motion_n keep_v just_a measure_n with_o their_o foot_n and_o demonstrate_v great_a strength_n and_o agility_n by_o the_o various_a and_o handsome_a turn_n of_o their_o body_n num._n body_n plutarch_n in_o num._n they_o sing_v all_o along_o a_o set_n of_o old_a verse_n call_v the_o carman_n saliare_a the_o first_o form_n of_o which_o be_v compose_v by_o numa_n they_o be_v sacred_a to_o mars_n the_o ancylia_n or_o target_n be_v part_n of_o armour_n who_o from_o they_o take_v the_o name_n of_o salisubsulus_fw-la and_o therefore_o upon_o account_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a noise_n and_o shake_v that_o they_o make_v in_o their_o dance_n catullus_n to_o siâ—gnifie_v a_o strong_a bridge_n have_v use_v the_o phrase_n in_o quo_fw-la vel_fw-la salisubsuli_fw-la sacra_fw-la fiunto_n 17._o fiunto_n catull._n carm._n 17._o though_o the_o month_n of_o march_n dedicate_v to_o that_o god_n be_v the_o proper_a time_n for_o carry_v the_o ancylia_n about_o yet_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o just_a and_o lawful_a war_n have_v be_v proclaim_v by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n against_o any_o state_n or_o people_n the_o salii_fw-la be_v in_o a_o solemn_a manner_n to_o move_v the_o ancylia_n as_o if_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o renze_v mars_n from_o his_o seat_n and_o send_v he_o out_o to_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o arm_n 26._o arm_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 26._o tullus_n hostilius_n afterward_o increase_v the_o college_n with_o twelve_o more_o salii_fw-la in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o vow_n he_o make_v in_o a_o battle_n with_o the_o sabine_n and_o therefore_o for_o distinction_n sake_n the_o twelve_o first_o be_v general_o call_v salii_fw-la palatini_n from_o the_o palatine_a mountain_n whence_o they_o begin_v their_o procession_n the_o other_o salii_fw-la collini_n or_o agonenses_n from_o the_o quirinal_n hill_n sometime_o call_v mons_fw-la agonalis_fw-la where_o they_o have_v a_o chapel_n
of_o their_o residence_n vrbani_fw-la and_o provinciales_fw-la 2._o provinciales_fw-la lipsius_n the_o magistrate_n cap._n 2._o if_o we_o will_v pitch_v upon_o the_o clear_a and_o the_o most_o compendious_a method_n we_o must_v rank_v they_o according_a to_o the_o last_o distinction_n and_o describe_v in_o order_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o the_o civil_a office_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o but_o it_o will_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o first_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o person_n that_o stand_v candidate_n for_o these_o honour_n they_o borrow_a the_o name_n of_o candidati_fw-la from_o the_o toga_fw-la candida_fw-la in_o which_o they_o be_v habit_v at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o appear_v for_o a_o place_n they_o wear_v this_o loose_a gown_n open_a and_o ungirted_a without_o any_o close_a garment_n under_o which_o some_o interpret_v as_o do_v with_o design_n to_o avoid_v any_o suspicion_n the_o people_n may_v have_v of_o bribery_n and_o corruption_n but_o plutarch_n coriâ—lan_n plutarch_n in_o coriâ—lan_n think_v it_o be_v either_o to_o promote_v their_o interest_n the_o better_a by_o sue_v in_o such_o a_o humble_a habit_n or_o else_o that_o such_o as_o have_v receive_v wound_n in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o country_n may_v the_o more_o easy_o demonstrate_v those_o token_n of_o their_o courage_n and_o fidelity_n a_o very_a powerful_a way_n of_o move_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n but_o he_o disallow_v the_o reason_n abovementioned_a because_o this_o custom_n prevail_v in_o rome_n many_o age_n before_o gift_n and_o present_n have_v any_o influence_n on_o the_o public_a suffrage_n a_o mischief_n to_o which_o he_o attribute_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o declare_v their_o pretension_n general_o about_o a_o year_n before_o the_o election_n all_o which_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o gain_v and_o secure_v of_o friend_n for_o this_o purpose_n they_o use_v all_o the_o art_n of_o popularity_n make_v their_o circuit_n round_o the_o city_n very_o often_o whence_o the_o phrase_n ambire_fw-la magistratum_fw-la have_v its_o rise_n in_o their_o walk_n they_o take_v the_o mean_a person_n by_o the_o hand_n and_o not_o only_o use_v the_o more_o familiar_a term_n of_o father_n brother_n friend_n and_o the_o like_a but_o call_v they_o too_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a name_n in_o this_o service_n they_o have_v usual_o a_o nomenclator_n or_o monitor_n to_o assist_v they_o who_o whisper_v every_o body_n name_n in_o their_o ear_n for_o though_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o law_n which_o forbid_v any_o candidate_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o prompter_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o observe_v that_o cato_n the_o young_a be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o conform_v to_o it_o discharge_v the_o whole_a business_n by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o own_o memory_n â—â—â—câ—s_fw-la memory_n plus_fw-fr in_o cato_fw-la â—â—â—câ—s_fw-la such_o person_n as_o open_o favour_v their_o design_n have_v be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o salutatores_fw-la deductores_fw-la and_o sectatores_fw-la 8._o sectatores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d lib._n 7._o cap._n 8._o the_o first_o sort_n only_o pay_v their_o compliment_n to_o they_o at_o their_o lodging_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o then_o take_v their_o leave_n the_o second_o wait_v upon_o they_o from_o thence_o as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o forum_n the_o last_o compose_v their_o retinue_n through_o the_o whole_a circuit_n pliny_n have_v oblige_v we_o with_o a_o far_a remark_n that_o not_o only_o the_o person_n who_o stand_v for_o a_o office_n but_o sometime_o too_o the_o most_o considerable_a man_n of_o their_o party_n go_v about_o in_o the_o same_o formal_a manner_n to_o beg_v voice_n in_o their_o behalf_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o will_v let_v we_o know_v his_o great_a diligence_n in_o promote_a the_o interest_n of_o one_o of_o his_o friend_n he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o phrase_n which_o be_v common_o apply_v to_o the_o candidate_n themselves_o as_o ambire_fw-la demos_n prondere_fw-la amicos_fw-la circumire_fw-la stationes_fw-la 9_o stationes_fw-la pliâ—_n 〈…〉_o cap_fw-es 9_o etc._n etc._n the_o proceed_n in_o the_o election_n will_v fall_v more_o proper_o under_o the_o account_n of_o the_o assembly_n where_o they_o be_v manage_v chap._n iu._n of_o the_o consul_n the_o consular_a office_n begin_v upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tarquin_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 244._o there_o be_v several_a derivation_n give_v of_o the_o word_n that_o of_o cicero_n à _fw-la consulendo_fw-la 3._o consulendo_fw-la cicero_n de_fw-fr leg_n lib._n 3._o be_v general_o follow_v their_o power_n be_v at_o first_o the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o king_n only_o restrain_v by_o plurality_n of_o person_n and_o shortness_n of_o time_n therefore_o tully_n call_v it_o regiâ—m_fw-la imperium_fw-la ibid._n imperium_fw-la ibid._n and_o regius_fw-la potestas_fw-la consulatú_n potestas_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-fr petition_n consulatú_n in_o war_n they_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o citizen_n and_o associate_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o absolute_a in_o peace_n have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o senate_n itself_o which_o they_o assemble_v or_o dismiss_v at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o though_o their_o authority_n be_v very_o much_o impair_v first_o by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o afterward_o upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o they_o be_v still_o employ_v in_o consult_v the_o senate_n administer_a justice_n manage_v public_a game_n and_o the_o like_a and_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o characterise_v the_o year_n by_o their_o own_o name_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n this_o honour_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o nobility_n but_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 387_o the_o commons_o obtain_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v one_o of_o their_o own_o body_n always_o a_o associate_n in_o this_o office_n sometime_o indeed_o the_o populacy_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o to_o have_v both_o consul_n choose_v out_o of_o their_o order_n but_o general_o speak_v one_o be_v a_o nobleman_n and_o the_o other_o a_o commoner_n no_o person_n be_v allow_v to_o sue_v for_o this_o office_n unless_o he_o be_v present_a at_o the_o election_n and_o in_o a_o private_a station_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o pompey_n and_o caesar_n as_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v the_o common_a age_n require_v in_o the_o candidate_n be_v forty_o two_o year_n this_o cicero_n himself_o acquaint_v we_o with_o if_o we_o allow_v a_o little_a scope_n to_o his_o way_n of_o speak_v when_o he_o say_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a die_v in_o his_o thirty_o three_o year_n come_v ten_o year_n short_a of_o the_o consular_a age_n 5._o age_n vid._n ciceron_n philip._n 5._o but_o sometime_o the_o people_n dispense_v with_o this_o law_n and_o the_o emperor_n take_v very_o little_a notice_n of_o the_o restraint_n the_o time_n of_o the_o consul_n government_n before_o julius_n caesar_n be_v always_o a_o complete_a year_n but_o he_o bring_v up_o a_o custom_n of_o substitute_a consul_n at_o any_o time_n for_o a_o month_n or_o more_o according_a as_o he_o please_v yet_o the_o consul_n who_o be_v admit_v the_o first_o of_o january_n denominate_v the_o year_n and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o ordinarii_fw-la the_o other_o be_v style_v suffecti_fw-la etc._n suffecti_fw-la vide_fw-la dio._n lib._n 43._o sueton._n in_o julio_n cap._n 76_o etc._n etc._n the_o chief_a ornament_n and_o badge_n of_o their_o authority_n be_v the_o white_a robe_n edge_v with_o purple_a call_v praetexta_fw-la which_o in_o after_o time_n they_o change_v for_o the_o toga_fw-la palmata_fw-la or_o picta_fw-la which_o before_o have_v be_v proper_a only_o to_o such_o person_n as_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o a_o triumph_n and_o the_o twelve_o lictor_n who_o go_v before_o one_o of_o they_o one_o month_n and_o the_o other_o the_o next_o carrying_z the_o fasces_fw-la and_o the_o securis_fw-la the_o latter_a of_o which_o though_o valerius_n poplicola_n take_v away_o from_o the_o fasces_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v soon_o after_o add_v again_o their_o authority_n be_v equal_a only_o in_o some_o lesser_a matter_n he_o have_v the_o precedency_n according_a to_o the_o valerian_n law_n who_o be_v old_a and_o he_o according_a to_o the_o julian_n law_n who_o have_v most_o child_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o dictator_n and_o his_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o office_n of_o dictator_n be_v of_o very_o early_o original_a for_o the_o latin_n enter_v on_o a_o confederacy_n against_o rome_n to_o support_v tarquin_n cause_n after_o his_o expulsion_n the_o senate_n be_v under_o great_a apprehension_n of_o danger_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n they_o find_v in_o procure_v levy_n to_o oppose_v they_o for_o the_o poor_a commons_o who_o have_v be_v force_v to_o run_v themselves_o into_o debt_n with_o the_o patrician_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o list_n themselves_o unless_o a_o order_n of_o senate_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o general_a remission_n now_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n be_v late_o
diligence_n procure_v any_o levy_n to_o be_v make_v because_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o oppose_v all_o their_o order_n and_o will_v let_v no_o soldier_n be_v list_v till_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v canvas_v in_o the_o senate_n in_o this_o exigency_n the_o father_n be_v call_v together_o and_o after_o the_o business_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n debate_v with_o great_a heat_n and_o tumult_n at_o last_o pitch_v upon_o this_o expedient_a that_o three_o magistrate_n shall_v be_v elect_v out_o of_o each_o order_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o whole_a consular_a power_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n to_o have_v that_o office_n or_o consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n both_o party_n ready_o embrace_v this_o proposal_n and_o according_o proceed_v to_o a_o election_n where_o though_o the_o whole_a design_n of_o this_o stir_v have_v be_v pure_o to_o increase_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o commons_o 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c._n 388._o they_o be_v entire_o lay_v aside_o chap._n xiii_o civil_a office_n of_o less_o note_n or_o of_o less_o frequent_a occurrence_n in_o author_n and_o of_o the_o public_a servant_n there_o be_v several_a officer_n behind_o who_o deserve_v little_o more_o than_o to_o be_v name_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o low_a station_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o because_o they_o be_v very_o seldom_o mention_v in_o our_o ordinary_a classicks_n among_o these_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v interrex_n the_o supreme_a magistrate_n who_o govern_v between_o the_o death_n of_o one_o king_n and_o the_o election_n of_o another_o this_o office_n be_v take_v by_o turn_n by_o the_o senator_n continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o man_n five_o day_n 1._o day_n dionys._n lib._n 2._o livy_n lib._n 1._o or_o if_o we_o believe_v plutarch_n numb_a plutarch_n in_o numb_a only_o twelve_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o a_o interrex_n under_o the_o consular_a government_n create_v to_o hold_v assembly_n when_o the_o ordinary_a magistrate_n be_v either_o absent_a or_o disable_v to_o act_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o undue_a election_n tribunus_n or_o praefectus_fw-la celerum_fw-la the_o captain_n of_o romulus_n lifeguard_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o stout_a young_a man_n and_o of_o the_o best_a family_n in_o the_o city_n under_o the_o name_n of_o celeres_fw-la or_o light-horse_n praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n create_v by_o augustus_n at_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n maecenas_n upon_o who_o at_o first_o he_o confer_v the_o new_a honour_n 3._o honour_n dio._n lib._n 52._o tâ—â—uus_n annal._n lib._n 4_o 3._o he_o be_v to_o precede_v all_o other_o city-magistrate_n have_v power_n to_o receive_v appeal_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o to_o decide_v almost_o all_o cause_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o rome_n or_o a_o hundred_o mile_n round_o before_o this_o there_o be_v sometime_o a_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la create_v when_o the_o king_n or_o great_a officer_n be_v absent_a from_o the_o city_n to_o administer_v justice_n in_o their_o room_n ibid._n room_n ibid._n praefectus_fw-la aerarii_fw-la a_o officer_n choose_v out_o of_o such_o person_n as_o have_v discharge_v the_o office_n of_o praetor_n by_o augustus_n to_o supervise_v and_o regulate_v the_o public_a fund_z which_o he_o raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o army_n 53._o army_n dio._n lib_n 53._o this_o project_n be_v revive_v by_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la create_v by_o the_o same_o emperor_n to_o command_v the_o praetorian_a cohort_n or_o his_o lifeguard_n who_o borrow_a their_o name_n from_o the_o praetorium_n or_o general_n be_v tent_n all_o commander_n in_o chief_a be_v ancient_o style_v praetores_fw-la his_o office_n answer_v exact_o to_o that_o of_o the_o magister_fw-la equitum_fw-la under_o the_o old_a dictator_n only_o his_o authority_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n be_v general_o the_o high_a person_n in_o favour_n with_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o soldier_n once_o come_v to_o make_v their_o own_o emperor_n the_o common_a man_n they_o pitch_v upon_o be_v the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la praefectus_fw-la frumenti_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la vigilum_fw-la both_o owe_v their_o institution_n to_o the_o same_o augustus_n the_o first_o be_v to_o inspect_v and_o regulate_v the_o distribution_n of_o corn_n which_o use_v to_o be_v often_o make_v among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o other_o command_v in_o chief_a all_o the_o soldier_n appoint_v for_o a_o constant_a watch_n to_o the_o city_n be_v a_o cohort_n to_o every_o two_o region_n his_o business_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o thief_n incendiary_n idle_a vagrant_n and_o the_o like_a and_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v all_o petty_a misdemeanour_n which_o be_v think_v too_o trivial_a to_o come_v under_o the_o care_n of_o the_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la in_o many_o of_o these_o inferior_a magistracy_n several_a person_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n together_o and_o then_o they_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o number_n of_o man_n that_o compose_v they_o of_o this_o sort_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o triumvir_n or_o tresviri_fw-la capitales_fw-la the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a gaol_n they_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v malefactor_n like_o our_o master_n of_o the_o house_n of_o correction_n for_o which_o service_n they_o keep_v eight_o lictor_n under_o they_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o plautus_n quid_fw-la faciam_fw-la nunc_fw-la si_fw-la tresviri_fw-la i_o in_o carcerem_fw-la compegerint_fw-la ind_n cras_fw-la è_fw-la promptuariâ_fw-la cellâ_fw-la depromar_fw-la ad_fw-la flagrum_fw-la ita_fw-la quasi_fw-la incudem_fw-la i_o miserum_fw-la octo_fw-la homines_fw-la validi_fw-la caedent_fw-la amphytr_n caedent_fw-la in_o amphytr_n triumvir_n nocturni_fw-la mention_v by_o livy_n 9_o livy_n lib._n 9_o and_o tacitus_n 5._o tacitus_n annal._n lib._n 5._o institute_v for_o the_o prevention_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o night_n triumvir_n monetales_fw-la the_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n sometime_o their_o name_n be_v write_v triumvir_n a._n a._n ae._n f._n f._n stand_v for_o auro_fw-la argento_n aere_fw-la flando_fw-la feriendo_fw-la quatuorviri_fw-la viarum_fw-la curandarum_fw-la person_n depute_v by_o the_o censor_n to_o supervise_v the_o public_a way_n centum_fw-la viri_fw-la and_o decemviri_fw-la litibus_fw-la judicandis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v a_o body_n of_o man_n choose_v three_o out_o of_o every_o tribe_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o the_o praetor_n commit_v to_o their_o decision_n which_o be_v reckon_v up_o by_o cicero_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la the_o decemviri_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o centumvirate_n and_o to_o have_v preside_v under_o the_o praetor_n in_o the_o judicia_fw-la centumviralia_fw-la these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o step_v to_o preferment_n for_o person_n of_o part_n and_o industry_n as_o be_v also_o the_o vigintiviratus_n mention_v by_o cicero_n tacitus_n and_o dio_n which_o perhaps_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o select_a part_n of_o the_o centumviri_n there_o be_v other_o officer_n of_o as_o little_a note_n behind_o who_o have_v no_o fix_a authority_n but_o be_v constitute_v upon_o some_o particular_a occasion_n such_o as_o the_o duumviri_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la sive_fw-la capitales_fw-la officer_n create_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o traitor_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n continue_v as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v under_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o under_o the_o consular_a government_n at_o its_o first_o institution_n but_o after_o they_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o many_o year_n as_o unnecessary_a cicero_n in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n complain_v of_o their_o revival_n by_o labienus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o reo_fw-la commons_o cicero_n orat._n pro_fw-la c._n raâ—â—rio_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reo_fw-la quaestores_fw-la or_o
and_o crimen_fw-la ambitûs_fw-la the_o next_o in_o the_o crimen_fw-la majestatis_fw-la and_o the_o last_o in_o case_n of_o murder_n cicero_n have_v give_v we_o a_o excellent_a example_n in_o every_o kind_n of_o the_o first_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o fonteius_n flaccus_n muraena_fw-la and_o plancius_n of_o the_o second_o in_o that_o for_o cornelius_n and_o of_o the_o three_o in_o his_o admirable_a defence_n of_o milo_n laudatio_fw-la be_v a_o custom_n like_o that_o in_o our_o trial_n of_o bring_v in_o person_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v their_o testimony_n of_o the_o accuse_v person_n be_v good_a behaviour_n and_o integrity_n of_o life_n the_o least_o number_n of_o these_o laudatores_fw-la use_v to_o be_v ten._n in_o the_o latio_fw-la sententiae_fw-la or_o pronounce_v sentence_n they_o proceed_v thus_o after_o the_o orator_n on_o both_o side_n have_v say_v all_o they_o design_v the_o crier_n give_v notice_n of_o it_o according_o and_o then_o the_o praetor_n send_v out_o the_o jury_n to_o consult_v mittebat_fw-la judices_fw-la in_o consilium_fw-la deliver_v to_o every_o one_o three_o tablet_n cover_v with_o wax_n one_o of_o absolution_n another_o of_o condemnation_n and_o a_o three_o of_o ampliation_n or_o adjournment_n of_o the_o trial_n the_o first_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o the_o second_o with_o c_o the_o other_o with_o n_n l._n or_o non_fw-la liquet_fw-la in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o jury_n withdraw_v be_v set_v a_o proper_a number_n of_o urn_n or_o box_n into_o which_o they_o throw_v what_o tablet_n they_o please_v the_o accuse_a person_n prostrate_v himself_o all_o this_o while_n at_o their_o foot_n to_o move_v their_o compassion_n the_o tablet_n be_v draw_v and_o the_o great_a number_n know_v the_o praetor_n pronounce_v sentence_n according_o the_o form_n of_o condemnation_n be_v usual_o videntur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la or_o non_fw-la jure_fw-la videtur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la of_o absolution_n non_fw-la videtur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la of_o ampliation_n amplius_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la sometime_o he_o mention_v the_o punishment_n and_o sometime_o leave_v it_o out_o as_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o law_n on_o which_o the_o indictment_n be_v ground_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o trial_n in_o criminal_a matter_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o four_o head_n aestimatio_fw-la litis_fw-la animadversio_fw-la judicium_fw-la calumniae_fw-la and_o judicium_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la aestimatio_fw-la litis_fw-la or_o the_o rate_v of_o the_o damage_n be_v in_o use_n only_o in_o case_n of_o bribery_n and_o abuse_v of_o the_o public_a money_n animadversio_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o praetor_n but_o in_o case_n the_o party_n be_v absolve_v there_o lay_v two_o action_n against_o the_o accuser_n one_o of_o calumny_n the_o common_a punishment_n of_o which_o be_v frontis_fw-la inustio_fw-la burn_v in_o the_o forehead_n and_o the_o other_o of_o prevarication_n when_o the_o accuser_n instead_o of_o urge_v the_o crime_n home_o seem_v rather_o to_o hide_v or_o extenuate_v the_o gild_n hence_o the_o civilian_n define_v a_o prevaricator_n to_o be_v one_o that_o betray_v his_o cause_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o turn_v on_o the_o criminal_n side_n whâ—n_v be_v aught_o to_o prosecute_v chap._n xix_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n the_o people_n be_v sometime_o the_o judge_n both_o in_o private_a and_o public_a cause_n though_o of_o the_o first_o we_o have_v only_o one_o example_n in_o livy_n 3._o livy_n lib._n 3._o the_o other_o we_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n these_o judgement_n be_v make_v first_o at_o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la and_o afterward_o at_o the_o centuriata_fw-la and_o tributa_fw-la the_o proceed_n in_o all_o which_o assembly_n have_v be_v already_o show_v what_o we_o may_v further_o observe_v be_v this_o when_o any_o magistrate_n design_v to_o impeach_v a_o person_n of_o a_o crime_n before_o the_o whole_a people_n he_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o call_v the_o people_n together_o by_o a_o crier_n signify_v to_o they_o that_o upon_o such_o a_o day_n he_o intend_v to_o accuse_v such_o a_o person_n of_o such_o a_o crime_n this_o they_o term_v reo_fw-la diem_fw-la dicere_fw-la the_o suspect_a party_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o give_v surety_n for_o his_o appearance_n on_o the_o day_n prefix_v and_o in_o default_n of_o bail_n be_v command_v to_o prison_n on_o the_o appoint_a day_n the_o magistrate_n again_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o cite_v the_o party_n by_o the_o crier_n who_o unless_o some_o other_o magistrate_n of_o equal_a authority_n interpose_v or_o a_o sufficient_a excuse_n be_v offer_v be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v or_o may_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o magistrate_n who_o accuse_v he_o if_o he_o appear_v the_o accuser_n begin_v his_o charge_n and_o carry_v it_o on_o every_o other_o day_n for_o six_o day_n together_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o indictment_n mention_v the_o particular_a punishment_n specify_v in_o the_o law_n for_o such_o a_o offence_n this_o intimation_n they_o term_v anquisitio_fw-la the_o same_o be_v immediate_o after_o express_v in_o write_v and_o then_o take_v the_o name_n of_o rogatio_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v to_o be_v ask_v or_o consult_v about_o it_o and_o irrogatio_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o criminal_a as_o it_o import_v the_o mulct_n or_o punishment_n assign_v he_o by_o the_o accuser_n this_o rogatio_fw-la be_v public_o expose_v three_o nundinae_fw-la or_o market-day_n together_o for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o people_n on_o the_o three_o market-day_n the_o accuser_n again_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o the_o people_n be_v call_v together_o undertake_v the_o four_o turn_n of_o his_o charge_n and_o have_v conclude_v give_v the_o other_o party_n leave_v to_o enter_v upon_o his_o defence_n either_o in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o advocate_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o accuser_n finish_v his_o four_o charge_n he_o give_v notice_n what_o day_n he_o will_v have_v the_o comitia_fw-la meet_v to_o receive_v the_o bill_n the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la to_o consider_v of_o mulct_n and_o the_o centuriata_fw-la for_o capital_a punishment_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v several_a way_n by_o which_o the_o accuse_a party_n may_v be_v relieve_v as_o first_o if_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o interpose_v in_o his_o behalf_n or_o if_o he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o voluntary_a exile_n sickness_n or_o upon_o account_n of_o provide_v for_o a_o funeral_n or_o if_o he_o prevail_v with_o the_o accuser_n to_o relinquish_v his_o charge_n and_o let_v the_o cause_n fall_v or_o if_o upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o augur_n discover_v any_o ill_a omen_n and_o so_o forbid_v the_o assembly_n if_o none_o of_o these_o happen_v the_o comitia_fw-la meet_v and_o proceed_v as_o have_v be_v already_o describe_v and_o as_o for_o the_o animadversio_fw-la or_o put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n this_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o praetorian_a judgement_n the_o form_n of_o judgement_n which_o have_v be_v thus_o describe_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v prevail_v chief_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o free_a state_n for_o as_o the_o king_n before_o so_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o be_v themselves_o judge_n in_o what_o cause_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o please_v as_o suetonius_n particular_o inform_v we_o of_o almost_o all_o the_o twelve_o caesar_n it_o be_v this_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o mandatores_fw-la and_o delatores_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o wretch_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o every_o part_n of_o history_n the_o business_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o mark_v down_o such_o person_n as_o upon_o inquisition_n they_o pretend_v to_o have_v find_v guilty_a of_o any_o misdemeanour_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v employ_v in_o accuse_v and_o prosecute_n they_o upon_o the_o other_o order_n this_o mischievous_a tribe_n as_o they_o be_v countenance_v and_o reward_v by_o ill_a prince_n so_o be_v they_o extreme_o detest_v by_o the_o good_a emperor_n titus_n prosecute_v all_o that_o can_v be_v find_v upon_o the_o most_o diligent_a search_n with_o death_n or_o perpetual_a banishment_n 8._o banishment_n sueton._n in_o tit._n cap._n 8._o and_o pliny_n reckon_v it_o among_o the_o great_a praise_n of_o trajan_n that_o he_o have_v clear_v the_o city_n from_o the_o perjure_a race_n of_o informer_n panegyric_n informer_n plin._n in_o panegyric_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o roman_a punishment_n the_o accurate_a sigonius_n have_v divide_v the_o punishment_n into_o eight_o sort_n damnum_fw-la vincula_fw-la verbera_fw-la talio_n ignominia_fw-la exilium_fw-la servitus_fw-la mors._n damnum_fw-la be_v a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n or_o fine_a set_v upon_o the_o offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n vincula_fw-la signify_v the_o guilty_a person_n be_v being_n condemn_v to_o imprisonment_n and_o fetter_n of_o which_o they_o have_v many_o
or_o knight_n upon_o which_o account_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o laticlavii_fw-la and_o the_o angusticlavii_n the_o latus_fw-la clavus_fw-la proper_o belong_v to_o the_o former_a and_o the_o angustus_fw-la clavus_fw-la to_o the_o latter_a the_o business_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v to_o decide_v all_o controversy_n in_o the_o army_n to_o give_v the_o word_n to_o the_o watch_n beside_o the_o care_n of_o the_o work_n and_o camp_n and_o several_a other_o particular_n which_o will_v fall_v under_o our_o notice_n upon_o some_o other_o occasion_n they_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o wear_v a_o gold_n ring_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o equites_fw-la and_o because_o their_o office_n be_v extreme_o desire_v to_o encourage_v and_o promote_v as_o many_o as_o possible_a their_o command_n last_v but_o six_o month_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o both_o these_o custom_n we_o be_v behold_v to_o one_o verse_n of_o juvenal_n sat._n 7._o semestri_fw-la vatum_fw-la digitos_fw-la circumligat_fw-la auro_fw-la every_o turma_fw-la or_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v three_o decurion_n or_o captain_n of_o ten_o but_o he_o that_o be_v first_o elect_v command_v the_o troop_n and_o the_o other_o be_v but_o his_o lieutenant_n though_o every_o one_o of_o the_o decurion_n have_v a_o optio_fw-la or_o deputy_n under_o he_o as_o to_o the_o confederate_a or_o foreign_a force_n we_o be_v not_o certain_a how_o the_o small_a body_n of_o they_o be_v command_v but_o it_o seem_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o roman_n general_o marshal_v they_o according_a to_o their_o own_o discipline_n and_o assign_v they_o officer_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o of_o the_o legion_n but_o the_o two_o alae_n or_o great_a division_n of_o the_o ally_n we_o be_v assure_v have_v each_o a_o praefect_n appoint_v they_o by_o the_o roman_a consul_n who_o govern_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o legionary_a tribune_n chap._n viii_o the_o legati_fw-la and_o the_o imperator_n or_o general_n the_o design_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la at_o their_o first_o institution_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o command_v as_o to_o advise_v the_o senate_n select_v some_o of_o the_o old_a and_o most_o prudent_a member_n to_o assist_v the_o general_n in_o his_o counsel_n dionysius_n call_v this_o the_o most_o honourable_a and_o sacred_a office_n among_o the_o roman_n bearing_z not_o only_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o commander_n but_o withal_o the_o sanctity_n and_o veneration_n of_o a_o priest_n 11._o priest_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 11._o and_o he_o and_o polybius_n give_v they_o no_o other_o name_n than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d elder_n or_o elder_n and_o counsellor_n they_o be_v choose_v common_o by_o the_o consul_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n concur_v with_o their_o nomination_n though_o this_o be_v sometime_o slight_v or_o contradict_v as_o appear_v from_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o sextius_n and_o against_o vatinius_n they_o command_v in_o chief_a under_o the_o general_n and_o manage_v all_o affair_n by_o his_o permission_n whence_o caesar_n call_v their_o power_n opera_fw-la fiduciaria_fw-la 2._o fiduciaria_fw-la civil_a lib._n 2._o and_o when_o the_o consul_n or_o proconsul_n be_v absent_a they_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o use_v the_o fasces_fw-la and_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o same_o charge_n as_o the_o officer_n who_o they_o representd_v as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la we_o have_v no_o certainty_n but_o we_o may_v suppose_v this_o to_o have_v depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o general_n and_o upon_o the_o nature_n and_o consequence_n of_o the_o affair_n in_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v however_o we_o have_v tolerable_a ground_n to_o assign_v one_o to_o every_o legion_n under_o the_o emperor_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o legati_fw-la consulares_fw-la and_o praetorii_fw-la the_o first_o of_o which_o command_v whole_a army_n as_o the_o emperor_n lieutenant-general_n and_o the_o other_o only_o particular_a legion_n the_o general_n excel_v all_o other_o officer_n not_o only_o because_o he_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n horse_n and_o foot_n legion_n and_o auxiliary_n but_o especial_o as_o he_o be_v allow_v the_o auspicia_fw-la or_o the_o honour_n of_o take_v omen_n by_o help_n of_o the_o diviner_n which_o make_v a_o very_a solemn_a ceremony_n in_o all_o martial_a expedition_n hence_o they_o be_v say_v gerere_fw-la rem_fw-la suis_fw-la auspiciis_fw-la and_o suâ—divis_fw-la this_o be_v most_o proper_o apply_v when_o they_o do_v not_o act_v in_o person_n as_o suctonius_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o conquest_n of_o augustus_n express_v himself_o domuit_fw-la autem_fw-la partim_fw-la ductu_fw-la partiâ—â—_n auspiciis_fw-la suis_fw-la &c_n &c_n 21._o &c_n suet_n in_o aug._n cap._n 21._o machiavelli_n livy_n machiavelli_n machiavel_n discourse_n on_o livy_n high_o extol_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o allow_v their_o general_n unlimited_a commission_n by_o which_o they_o be_v empower_v to_o fight_v or_o not_o fight_v to_o assault_v such_o a_o town_n oâ—_n march_v another_o way_n without_o control_n the_o senate_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o only_o the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o decree_a war_n unless_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n this_o be_v several_a time_n the_o cause_n of_o remarkable_a victory_n that_o in_o all_o probability_n have_v be_v otherwise_o prevent_v thus_o when_o fabius_n maximus_n have_v give_v the_o tuscan_n a_o considerable_a defeat_n at_o sutrium_n and_o enter_v on_o a_o resolution_n to_o pass_v the_o ciminian_n forest_n a_o very_a dangerous_a and_o difficult_a adventure_n he_o never_o stay_v to_o expect_v further_a order_n from_o rome_n but_o immediate_o march_v his_o force_n into_o the_o enemy_n country_n and_o at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o forest_n give_v they_o a_o total_a overthrow_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o senate_n fear_v he_o may_v venture_v on_o such_o a_o hazardous_a attempt_n send_v the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o with_o other_o officer_n to_o desire_n fabius_n that_o he_o will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n think_v of_o such_o a_o enterprise_n but_o not_o arrive_v till_o he_o have_v effect_v his_o design_n instead_o of_o hinder_v his_o resolution_n they_o return_v home_o with_o the_o joyful_a news_n of_o his_o success_n 9_o success_n livy_n lib._n 9_o the_o set_v out_o of_o the_o general_n be_v attend_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o superstition_n the_o public_a prayer_n and_o sacrifice_n for_o his_o success_n be_v finish_v he_o habit_v in_o a_o rich_a paludamentum_fw-la a_o robe_n of_o purple_a or_o scarlet_n interweave_v with_o gold_n begin_v his_o march_n out_o of_o the_o city_n accompany_v with_o a_o vast_a retinue_n of_o all_o sex_n and_o age_n especial_o if_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v against_o any_o potent_a or_o renown_a adyersary_n all_o person_n be_v desirous_a to_o see_v and_o follow_v with_o their_o wish_n he_o on_o who_o all_o their_o hope_n and_o fortune_n depend_v if_o it_o will_v not_o be_v too_o minute_n we_o may_v add_v a_o description_n of_o the_o general_n be_v led-horse_n with_o their_o rich_a trappings_o of_o purple_a and_o cloth_n of_o gold_n such_o as_o dionysius_n tell_v we_o they_o bring_v to_o honest_a quinctius_n the_o dictator_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o he_o have_v leave_v with_o his_o plough_n or_o as_o that_o of_o pompey_n the_o great_a which_o plutarch_n mention_n to_o have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o war_n with_o sertorius_n the_o old_a roman_n have_v one_o very_o superstitious_a fancy_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o general_n that_o if_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o be_v devote_v or_o sacrifice_v to_o jupiter_n mars_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o infernal_a god_n all_o the_o misfortune_n which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v happen_v to_o his_o party_n will_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o pious_a act_n be_v transfer_v on_o their_o enemy_n this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o several_a successful_a instance_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o most_o renown_a family_n of_o the_o decii_n of_o who_o the_o father_n son_n and_o grandson_n all_o devote_a themselves_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n the_o first_o be_v consul_n with_o manlius_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o latin_n and_o perceive_v the_o left_a wing_n which_o he_o command_v to_o give_v back_o he_o call_v out_o to_o valerius_n the_o highpriest_n to_o perform_v on_o he_o the_o ceremony_n of_o consecration_n which_o we_o find_v describe_v by_o livy_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n and_o immediate_o spur_v his_o horse_n into_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n force_n where_o he_o be_v kill_v and_o the_o roman_a army_n gain_v the_o battle_n his_o son_n die_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o tuscan_a war_n and_o his_o grandson_n in_o the_o war_n with_o pyrrbus_n in_o both_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v successful_a juvenal_n have_v leave_v they_o this_o deserve_a encomium_n in_o his_o eight_o satyr_n plebeiae_fw-la deciorum_fw-la
be_v sometime_o light_a and_o movable_a so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v set_v up_o or_o take_v down_o in_o a_o night_n and_o then_o they_o call_v they_o simple_o castra_n at_o other_o time_n when_o they_o design_v to_o continue_v long_o in_o their_o encampment_n they_o take_v more_o pain_n to_o fortisie_n and_o regulate_v they_o for_o the_o convenience_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o man_n and_o then_o they_o term_v they_o castra_n stativa_fw-la as_o for_o the_o hiberna_fw-la or_o winter-quarter_n they_o be_v common_o take_v up_o in_o some_o city_n or_o town_n or_o else_o so_o build_v and_o contrive_v as_o to_o make_v almost_o a_o town_n of_o themselves_o and_o hence_o the_o antiquarians_n observe_v that_o the_o modern_a town_n who_o name_n end_v in_o cester_n be_v original_o these_o castra_n hiberna_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n be_v foursquare_a divide_v into_o two_o chief_a partition_n the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a in_o the_o upper_a partition_n be_v the_o pavilion_n of_o the_o general_n and_o the_o lodgment_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o the_o low_a be_v dispose_v the_o tent_n of_o the_o common_a soldier_n horse_n and_o foot_n iconismus_fw-la aciei_fw-la vulgatae_fw-la the_o general_n be_v apartment_n which_o they_o call_v praetorium_n because_o the_o ancient_a latin_n style_v all_o their_o commander_n praetores_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n the_o chief_a part_n of_o it_o be_v the_o tribunal_n or_o general_n be_v pavilion_n the_o augurale_fw-la set_v aside_o for_o prayer_n sacrifice_n and_o other_o religious_a uses_n the_o apartment_n of_o the_o young_a nobleman_n who_o come_v under_o the_o care_n of_o the_o general_n to_o inform_v themselves_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n and_o to_o gain_v some_o experience_n in_o military_a affair_n these_o gentleman_n have_v the_o honourable_a title_n of_o imperatoris_fw-la contuâ—ernales_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o praetorium_n stand_v the_o quaestorium_fw-la assign_v to_o the_o quaestor_n or_o treasurer_n of_o the_o army_n and_o hard_o by_o the_o forum_n serve_v not_o only_o for_o the_o sale_n of_o commodity_n but_o too_o for_o the_o meeting_n of_o council_n and_o give_v audience_n to_o ambassador_n this_o be_v sometime_o call_v quintana_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o praetorium_n be_v lodge_v the_o legati_fw-la or_o lieutenant-general_n and_o below_o the_o praetorium_n the_o tribune_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n by_o six_o and_o six_o opposite_a to_o their_o proper_a legion_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v the_o better_o govern_v and_o inspect_v they_o the_o praefecti_fw-la of_o the_o foreign_a troop_n be_v lodge_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tribune_n over-against_o their_o respective_a wing_n behind_o these_o be_v the_o lodgment_n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la and_o then_o those_o of_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la and_o ablecti_fw-la equites_fw-la which_o conclude_v the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n between_o the_o two_o partition_n be_v include_v a_o spot_n of_o ground_n about_o a_o hundred_o foot_n in_o length_n which_o they_o call_v principia_fw-la where_o the_o altar_n and_o statue_n of_o the_o god_n and_o perhaps_o the_o chief_a ensign_n be_v fix_v all_o together_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o low_a partition_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a place_n be_v assign_v to_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o next_o to_o they_o be_v quarter_v the_o triarii_n than_o the_o principes_fw-la close_a by_o they_o the_o hastati_fw-la afterward_o the_o foreign_a horse_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n the_o foreign_a foot_n but_o the_o form_n and_o dimension_n of_o the_o camp_n can_v be_v so_o well_o describe_v any_o other_o way_n as_o in_o a_o table_n where_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v however_o we_o may_v remark_n two_o great_a piece_n of_o policy_n in_o the_o way_n of_o dispose_v the_o confederate_a force_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o divide_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o foreigner_n place_v part_n in_o the_o high_a partition_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o part_n in_o the_o low_a and_o then_o the_o matter_n be_v order_v so_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v spread_v in_o thin_a rank_n round_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o state_n so_o that_o the_o latter_a possess_v the_o middle_a space_n remain_v firm_a and_o solid_a while_o the_o other_o be_v master_n of_o very_a little_a strength_n be_v separate_v so_o vast_a a_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o and_o lie_v just_a on_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o army_n the_o roman_n fortify_v their_o camp_n with_o a_o ditch_n and_o parapet_n which_o they_o term_v fossa_n and_o vallum_n in_o the_o last_o some_o distinguish_v two_o part_n the_o agger_fw-la and_o the_o sudes_fw-la the_o agger_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o earth_n cast_v up_o to_o form_v the_o vallum_n and_o the_o sudes_fw-la be_v a_o sort_n of_o wooden_a stake_n to_o secure_v and_o strengthen_v it_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o duty_n work_n and_o exercise_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o duty_n and_o work_n of_o the_o soldier_n consist_v chief_o in_o their_o watch_n and_o guard_n and_o their_o diligence_n in_o cast_v up_o intrenchment_n and_o rampart_n and_o such_o other_o laborious_a service_n the_o watch_n and_o guard_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o excubiae_fw-la and_o the_o vigiliae_fw-la the_o first_o keep_v by_o day_n the_o other_o by_o night_n as_o to_o the_o excubiae_fw-la they_o be_v keep_v either_o in_o the_o camp_n or_o at_o the_o gate_n and_o intrenchment_n for_o the_o former_a there_o be_v allow_v a_o whole_a manipulus_fw-la to_o attend_v before_o the_o praetorium_n and_o four_o soldier_n to_o the_o tent_n of_o every_o trilâ—â—ne_n the_o triarii_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a order_n be_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinary_a watch_n yet_o be_v place_v exact_o opposite_a â—o_o the_o equites_fw-la they_o be_v oblige_v to_o have_v a_o eye_n over_o their_o horse_n the_o excubiae_fw-la at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o camp_n and_o at_o the_o intrenchment_n they_o proper_o call_v stationes_n there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v assign_v one_o company_n of_o foot_n and_o one_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o each_o of_o the_o four_o gate_n every_o day_n and_o it_o be_v a_o most_o unpardonable_a crime_n to_o desert_n their_o post_n or_o to_o abandon_v their_o corpse_n of_o guard_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n in_o this_o particular_a have_v appear_v on_o many_o occasion_n to_o their_o great_a honour_n and_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o affair_n to_o give_v one_o instance_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o agrigentum_n in_o sicily_n in_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n when_o the_o roman_a guard_n have_v disperse_v themselves_o abroad_o a_o little_a far_o than_o they_o ought_v into_o the_o field_n for_o forage_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n lay_v hold_n on_o the_o opportunity_n make_v a_o vigorous_a sally_n from_o the_o town_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v have_v force_v the_o camp_n the_o soldier_n who_o have_v careless_o neglect_v their_o duty_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o extreme_a penalty_n they_o have_v incur_v resolve_v to_o repair_v the_o fault_n by_o some_o remarkable_a behaviour_n and_o according_o rally_v together_o they_o not_o only_o sustain_v the_o shock_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o who_o they_o be_v far_o inferior_a in_o number_n but_o in_o the_o end_n make_v so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n among_o they_o as_o compel_v they_o to_o retreat_v to_o their_o work_n when_o they_o have_v well-nigh_o force_v the_o roman_a line_n 1._o line_n vide_fw-la polyb._n lib._n 1._o the_o night-guard_n assign_v to_o the_o general_n and_o tribune_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o those_o in_o the_o day_n but_o the_o proper_a vigiles_fw-la be_v four_o in_o every_o manipulus_fw-la keep_v guard_n three_o hour_n and_o then_o relieve_v by_o four_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v four_o set_v in_o a_o night_n according_a to_o the_o four_o watch_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o this_o custom_n the_o way_n of_o set_v this_o nightly_a guard_n be_v by_o a_o tally_n or_o tessera_fw-la with_o a_o particular_a inscription_n give_v from_o one_o centurion_n to_o another_o quite_o through_o the_o army_n till_o it_o come_v again_o to_o the_o tribune_n who_o at_o first_o deliver_v it_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o this_o the_o guard_n be_v immediate_o set_v the_o person_n depute_v to_o carry_v the_o tessera_fw-la from_o the_o tribune_n to_o the_o centurion_n be_v call_v tesserarius_n but_o because_o this_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a regulation_n of_o the_o business_n they_o have_v the_o circuitio_fw-la vigilium_fw-la or_o a_o visit_v the_o watch_n perform_v common_o about_o four_o time_n in_o the_o night_n by_o some_o of_o the_o horse_n upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o tribune_n and_o lieutenant-general_n and_o sometime_o the_o general_n himself_o make_v these_o circuit_n in_o person_n and_o take_v a_o strict_a view_n of_o the_o watch_n in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o camp_n livy_n 9_o
the_o torques_fw-la golden_a and_o silver_n collar_n wreathe_v with_o curious_a art_n and_o beauty_n pliny_n attribute_n the_o golden_a collar_n to_o the_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o silver_n to_o the_o roman_a soldier_n but_o this_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n the_o phalerae_fw-la common_o think_v to_o be_v a_o suit_n of_o rich_a trappings_o for_o a_o horse_n but_o because_o we_o find_v they_o bestow_v on_o the_o foot_n as_o well_o as_o the_o cavalry_n we_o may_v rather_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v golden_a chain_n of_o like_a nature_n with_o the_o torques_fw-la only_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v hang_v down_o to_o the_o breast_n whereas_o the_o other_o only_a go_v round_o the_o neck_n the_o hope_n of_o these_o two_o last_o be_v particular_o urge_v among_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o military_a life_n by_o juvenal_n sat._n 16._o ut_fw-la laeti_fw-la phaleris_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o torquibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la the_o vexilla_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o banner_n of_o different_a colour_n work_v in_o silk_n or_o other_o curious_a material_n such_o as_o augustus_n bestow_v on_o agrippa_n after_o he_o have_v win_v the_o sea-fight_n at_o aclium_n we_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o several_a coronet_n receive_v on_o several_a occasion_n as_o corona_n civica_n give_v to_o any_o soldier_n that_o have_v save_v the_o life_n of_o a_o roman_a citizen_n in_o a_o engagement_n this_o be_v reckon_v more_o honourable_a than_o any_o other_o crown_n though_o compose_v of_o no_o better_a material_n than_o oaken_a bough_n virgil_n call_v it_o civilis_fw-la quercus_fw-la aen._n 6._o atque_fw-la umbrata_fw-la gerunt_fw-la civili_fw-la tempora_fw-la quereu_n plutarch_n have_v guess_v very_o happy_o at_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o branch_n of_o this_o tree_n shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o before_o all_o other_o for_o the_o oaken_a wreath_n say_v he_o be_v otherwise_o sacred_a to_o jupiter_n the_o great_a guardian_n of_o their_o city_n they_o may_v therefore_o think_v it_o the_o most_o proper_a ornament_n for_o he_o who_o have_v preserve_v a_o citizen_n beside_o the_o oak_n may_v very_o well_o claim_v the_o preference_n in_o this_o case_n because_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n that_o tree_n alone_o be_v think_v almost_o sufficient_a for_o the_o preserve_n of_o man_n life_n its_o acorn_n be_v the_o principal_a diet_n of_o the_o old_a mortal_n and_o the_o honey_n which_o be_v common_o find_v there_o present_v they_o with_o a_o verâ—_n pleasant_a liquor_n coriolano_n liquor_n vide_fw-la plutarch_n in_o coriolano_n it_o be_v a_o particular_a honour_n confer_v on_o the_o person_n who_o haâ—_n merit_v this_o crown_n that_o when_o they_o come_v to_o any_o of_o the_o public_a show_n the_o whole_a company_n as_o well_o senate_n as_o people_n shall_v signify_v their_o respect_n by_o rise_v up_o when_o they_o see_v they_o enter_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o seat_n on_o these_o occasion_n among_o the_o senator_n be_v also_o excuse_v from_o all_o troublesome_a duty_n and_o service_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o procure_v the_o same_o immunity_n for_o their_o father_n and_o grandfather_n by_o his_o side_n 4._o side_n vide_fw-la plin._n lib._n 16._o cap._n 4._o corona_n muralis_fw-la give_v to_o he_o who_o first_o scale_v the_o wall_n of_o a_o city_n in_o a_o general_a assault_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o it_o there_o be_v some_o allusion_n make_v to_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o wall_n corona_n castrensis_n or_o vallaris_fw-la the_o reward_n of_o he_o who_o have_v first_o force_v the_o enemy_n intrenchment_n corona_n navalis_fw-la bestow_v on_o such_o as_o have_v signalise_v their_o valour_n in_o a_o engagement_n at_o sea_n be_v set_v round_o with_o figure_n like_o the_o beak_n of_o ship_n cui_fw-la belli_fw-la insigne_fw-la superbum_fw-la tempora_fw-la navali_fw-la fulgent_a rostrata_fw-la coronâ_fw-la virg._n aen._n 8._o lipsius_n fancy_n the_o corona_n navalis_fw-la and_o the_o rostrata_fw-la to_o have_v be_v two_o distinct_a species_n though_o they_o be_v general_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o crown_n corona_n obsidicnalis_fw-la this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o rest_n give_v by_o the_o general_n to_o the_o soldier_n but_o present_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o general_n when_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o roman_n or_o their_o ally_n from_o a_o siege_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o grass_n grow_v in_o the_o besiege_a place_n corona_n triumphalis_fw-la make_v with_o wreath_n of_o laurel_n and_o proper_a only_o to_o such_o general_n as_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o triumph_n in_o after_o age_n this_o be_v change_v for_o gold_n coronarium_fw-la gold_n aurum_fw-la coronarium_fw-la and_o not_o only_o restrain_v to_o those_o that_o actual_o triumph_v but_o present_v on_o several_a other_o account_n as_o common_o by_o the_o foreign_a state_n and_o province_n to_o their_o patron_n and_o benefactor_n several_a of_o the_o other_o crown_n too_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v of_o gold_n as_o the_o castrensis_n the_o mural_a and_o the_o naval_a corona_n triumphalis_fw-la corona_n obsidio_fw-la nalis_fw-la corona_n civica_n corona_n muralis_fw-la corona_n vallaris_fw-la vel_fw-la castrensis_fw-la corona_n navalis_fw-la the_o most_o remarkable_a person_n upon_o record_n in_o history_n for_o obtain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o reward_n be_v one_o c._n siccius_n or_o â—icinius_fw-la dentatus_n who_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o military_a service_n eight_o crown_n of_o gold_n fourteen_o civic_a crown_n three_o mural_a eighty_o three_o golden_a torques_fw-la sixty_o golden_a armillae_n eighteen_o hastae_fw-la purae_fw-la and_o seventy_o five_o phalerae_fw-la etc._n phalerae_fw-la vide_fw-la agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 11._o valer._n max._n etc._n etc._n but_o far_o great_a honour_n be_v confer_v on_o the_o victorious_a general_n some_o of_o which_o be_v usual_o decree_v they_o in_o their_o absence_n other_o at_o their_o arrival_n in_o the_o city_n of_o the_o former_a kind_n be_v the_o salutatio_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la and_o the_o supplicatio_fw-la of_o the_o latter_a the_o ovation_n and_o the_o triumph_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o salute_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_a with_o the_o title_n of_o imperator_n upon_o account_n of_o any_o remarkable_a success_n which_o title_n be_v decree_v he_o by_o the_o senate_n at_o rome_n after_o it_o have_v be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o joint_a acclamation_n of_o the_o soldier_n in_o the_o camp_n the_o supplicatio_fw-la be_v a_o solemn_a procession_n to_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n to_o return_v thanks_o for_o any_o signal_n victory_n after_o the_o obtain_n any_o such_o remarkable_a advantage_n the_o general_n common_o give_v the_o senate_n a_o account_n of_o the_o exploit_n by_o letter_n wreathe_v about_o with_o laurel_n laureatae_fw-la laurel_n literae_fw-la laureatae_fw-la in_o which_o after_o a_o account_n of_o his_o success_n he_o desire_v the_o favour_n of_o a_o supplication_n or_o public_a thanksgiving_n this_o be_v grant_v for_o a_o set_a number_n of_o day_n the_o senate_n go_v in_o a_o solemn_a manner_n to_o the_o chief_a temple_n and_o assist_v at_o the_o sacrifice_n proper_a to_o the_o occasion_n hold_v a_o feast_n in_o the_o temple_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o respective_a deity_n hence_o servius_n explain_v that_o of_o virgil_n simul_fw-la divum_fw-la templis_fw-la indicit_fw-la honorem_fw-la aen._n 1._o as_o allude_v to_o a_o solemn_a supplication_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o commonalty_n keep_v holiday_n and_o frequent_v the_o religious_a assembly_n give_v thanks_o for_o the_o late_a success_n and_o implore_v a_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o assistance_n octavius_n caesar_n together_o with_o the_o consul_n hirtius_n and_o pansa_n upon_o their_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o mutina_n be_v honour_v with_o supplication_n fifty_o day_n long_o the_o ovation_n some_o fancy_n to_o have_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o shour_a evion_n to_o bacchus_n but_o the_o true_a original_a be_v ovis_fw-la the_o sheep_n which_o be_v usual_o offer_v in_o this_o procession_n as_o a_o ox_n in_o the_o triumph_n the_o show_v general_o begin_v at_o the_o albanian_a mountain_n whence_o the_o general_n with_o his_o retinue_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o the_o city_n he_o go_v on_o foot_n with_o many_o flute_n or_o pipe_n sound_v in_o consort_n as_o he_o pass_v along_o wear_v a_o garland_n of_o myrtle_n as_o a_o token_n of_o peace_n with_o a_o aspect_n rather_o raise_v love_n and_o respect_n than_o fear_v agellius_n inform_v we_o that_o this_o honour_n be_v then_o confer_v on_o the_o victor_n when_o either_o the_o war_n have_v not_o be_v proclaim_v in_o due_a method_n or_o not_o undertake_v against_o a_o lawful_a enemy_n and_o on_o a_o just_a account_n or_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a 6._o inconsiderable_a noel_n att._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 6._o but_o plutarch_n have_v deliver_v his_o judgement_n
equal_a case_n they_o be_v put_v much_o to_o the_o same_o use_v as_o the_o musculi_fw-la the_o engine_n hitherto_o describe_v be_v primary_o intend_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o offensive_a be_v yet_o behind_o of_o these_o the_o most_o celebrate_a and_o which_o only_o deserve_v a_o particular_a description_n be_v the_o aries_n or_o ram_n this_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o rude_a and_o plain_a the_o other_o artificial_a and_o compound_a the_o former_a seem_v to_o have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o great_a beam_n which_o the_o soldier_n bear_v on_o their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n and_o with_o one_o end_n of_o it_o by_o main_a force_n assail_v the_o wall_n the_o compound_a ram_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o josephus_n the_o ram_n say_v he_o be_v a_o vast_a long_a beam_n like_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n strengthen_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n something_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o ram_n whence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n this_o be_v hang_v 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century_n or_o order_n of_o soldier_n and_o they_o be_v spend_v be_v second_v by_o another_o century_n so_o that_o it_o play_v continual_o without_o any_o intermission_n be_v usual_o cover_v with_o a_o vinea_fw-la to_o protect_v it_o from_o the_o attempt_v of_o the_o enemy_n as_o for_o the_o other_o engine_n which_o serve_v not_o for_o such_o great_a use_n and_o be_v not_o so_o celebrate_v in_o author_n a_o mechanical_a description_n of_o they_o will_v be_v vexatious_a as_o well_o as_o needless_a only_o it_o may_v in_o short_a be_v observe_v that_o the_o balista_n be_v always_o employ_v in_o throw_v great_a stone_n the_o catapulta_fw-la in_o cast_v the_o large_a sort_n of_o dart_n and_o spear_n and_o the_o scorpio_n in_o send_v the_o lesser_a dart_n and_o arrow_n chap._n xx._n the_o naval_a affair_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o roman_n though_o their_o city_n be_v seat_v very_o convenient_o for_o maritime_a affair_n not_o be_v above_o fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o tyrrhenian_a 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a_o fleet_n at_o sea_n yet_o polybius_n express_o maintain_v that_o the_o first_o time_n they_o ever_o adventure_v to_o sea_n be_v in_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n 1._o war_n lib._n 1._o but_o he_o must_v either_o mean_v this_o only_a of_o ship_n of_o war_n or_o else_o contradict_v himself_o for_o in_o another_o part_n of_o his_o work_n give_v we_o a_o transcript_n of_o some_o article_n agree_v on_o between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o m._n brutus_n and_o horatius_n soon_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n one_o of_o the_o article_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n shall_v not_o navigate_v beyond_o the_o fair_a promontory_n unless_o constrain_v by_o wether_n or_o a_o enemy_n etc._n etc._n and_o after_o this_o in_o two_o other_o treaty_n which_o he_o have_v present_v we_o with_o there_o be_v several_a clause_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 3._o purpose_n polyb._n lib._n 3._o but_o howsoever_o these_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v adjust_v we_o be_v assure_v that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 492_o polyb._n 492_o casaubon_n chronolog_n ad_fw-la polyb._n the_o roman_n observe_v that_o the_o coast_n of_o italy_n lie_v expose_v to_o the_o depredation_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a fleet_n which_o often_o make_v descent_n upon_o they_o and_o consider_v withal_o that_o the_o war_n be_v likely_a to_o last_v they_o determine_v to_o render_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o naval_a army_n so_o wonderful_a be_v the_o bravery_n and_o resolution_n of_o that_o people_n in_o erterprise_n of_o the_o great_a hazard_n and_o moment_n that_o have_v hitherto_o scarce_o dream_v of_o navigation_n they_o shall_v at_o one_o heat_n resolve_v on_o so_o adventurous_a a_o expedition_n and_o make_v the_o first_o proof_n of_o their_o skill_n in_o a_o naval_a battle_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o have_v hold_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n uncontested_a derive_v down_o to_o they_o from_o their_o ancestor_n nay_o so_o utter_o ignorant_a be_v the_o roman_n in_o the_o art_n of_o ship-building_n that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o have_v put_v their_o design_n in_o effect_n have_v not_o fâ—â—â—â—he_v who_o always_o espouse_v their_o cause_n by_o a_o mere_a accident_n instruct_v they_o in_o the_o method_n for_o a_o carthaginian_a galley_n which_o be_v out_o a_o cruise_a venture_v too_o near_o the_o shoar_n chance_v to_o be_v strand_v and_o before_o they_o can_v get_v she_o off_o the_o roman_n intercept_n they_o take_v she_o and_o by_o the_o model_n of_o this_o galley_n they_o build_v their_o first_o fleet._n but_o their_o way_n of_o instruct_v their_o seaman_n in_o the_o use_n of_o the_o oar_n be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a wherein_o they_o proceed_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o cause_v bank_n to_o be_v contrive_v on_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o same_o fashion_n and_o order_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v in_o their_o galley_n and_o place_v their_o man_n with_o their_o oar_n upon_o the_o bank_n there_o they_o exercise_v they_o a_o officer_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n who_o by_o sign_n with_o his_o hand_n instruct_v they_o how_o at_o once_o and_o all_o together_o they_o be_v to_o dip_v their_o oar_n and_o how_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o recover_v they_o out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o become_v acquaint_v with_o the_o management_n of_o the_o oar._n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n find_v their_o vessel_n be_v not_o build_v with_o extraordinary_a art_n and_o consequent_o prove_v somewhat_o unwieldy_a in_o work_v it_o come_v into_o their_o head_n to_o recompense_v this_o defect_n by_o contrive_v some_o new_a invention_n which_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o they_o in_o fight_n and_o then_o it_o be_v that_o they_o devise_v the_o famous_a machine_n call_v the_o corvus_n which_o be_v frame_v after_o the_o follow_a manner_n they_o erect_v on_o the_o prow_n of_o their_o 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of_o such_o impious_a pomp_n for_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o ludi_fw-la pontificale_n in_o suetonius_n 44._o suetonius_n august_n cap._n 44._o and_o with_o the_o ludi_fw-la sacerdotales_fw-la in_o pliny_n 7._o pliny_n epist_n lib._n 7._o as_o for_o the_o emperor_n it_o be_v so_o much_o their_o interest_n to_o ingratiate_v themselves_o with_o the_o commonalty_n that_o they_o oblige_v they_o with_o these_o show_v almost_o upon_o all_o occasion_n as_o on_o their_o birthday_n at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o triumph_n or_o after_o any_o signal_n victory_n at_o the_o consecration_n of_o any_o public_a aedifices_fw-la at_o the_o game_n which_o several_a of_o they_o institute_v to_o return_v in_o such_o a_o term_n of_o year_n with_o many_o other_o which_o occur_v in_o every_o historian_n and_o as_o the_o occasion_n of_o these_o solemnity_n be_v so_o predigious_o increase_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o length_n of_o they_o and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o combatant_n at_o the_o first_o show_v 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otho_n to_o seâ—ve_v against_o vitellius_n tacitus_n vitellius_n tacitus_n nay_o long_o before_o this_o they_o be_v so_o very_o numerous_a that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o catilinarian_a conspiracy_n and_o order_n pass_v to_o send_v all_o the_o gladiator_n up_o and_o down_o into_o the_o garrison_n for_o fear_v they_o shall_v raise_v any_o disturbance_n in_o the_o city_n catiline_n city_n sallust_n catiline_n by_o join_v with_o the_o disaffect_v party_n and_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o famous_a spartacus_n who_o at_o last_o gather_v such_o a_o numerous_a force_n as_o to_o put_v rome_n under_o some_o unusual_a apprehension_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o gladiator_n who_o break_v out_o from_o a_o show_n at_o verena_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o gang_n dare_v proclaim_v war_n against_o the_o roman_a state_n crass_n state_n plutarth_n in_o crass_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o wise_a and_o the_o better_a roman_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o the_o dangerous_a consequence_n which_o a_o corruption_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v produce_v and_o therefore_o cicero_n prefer_v a_o law_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v exhibit_v a_o show_n of_o gladiator_n within_o two_o year_n before_o he_o appear_v candidate_n for_o a_o office_n vatin_n office_n cicero_n in_o vatin_n julius_n caesar_n order_v that_o only_o such_o a_o number_n of_o man_n of_o this_o profession_n shall_v be_v in_o rome_n at_o a_o time_n 10._o time_n suet._n caes_n cap_n 10._o augustus_n decree_v that_o only_o two_o show_n of_o gladiator_n shall_v be_v present_v in_o a_o year_n and_o never_o above_o sixty_o pair_n of_o combatant_n in_o a_o show_n dio._n show_n dio._n tiberius_n provide_v by_o a_o order_n of_o senate_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o gratify_v the_o people_n with_o such_o a_o solemnity_n unless_o he_o be_v worth_a four_o hundred_o thousand_o sesterce_n 4._o sesterce_n tacit._n an._n 4._o nerva_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n regulate_v this_o affair_n after_o the_o many_o abuse_n of_o the_o former_a emperor_n but_o the_o honour_n of_o entire_o remove_v this_o barbarity_n out_o of_o the_o roman_a world_n be_v reserve_v for_o constantine_n the_o great_a which_o he_o perform_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 1067._o nigh_v six_o hundred_o year_n after_o their_o first_o institution_n yet_o under_o constantius_n theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n the_o same_o cruel_a humour_n begin_v to_o revive_v till_o a_o final_a stop_n be_v put_v to_o it_o by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o be_v give_v at_o large_a by_o the_o author_n of_o ecclesiastical_a history_n thus_o much_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o observe_v in_o general_a concern_v the_o original_a increase_n and_o restraint_n of_o this_o custom_n for_o our_o far_a information_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o take_v particular_a notice_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o gladiator_n of_o their_o several_a order_n or_o kind_n and_o of_o their_o manner_n of_o duel_v as_o for_o their_o condition_n they_o be_v common_o slave_n or_o captive_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a custom_n to_o sell_v a_o disobedient_a servant_n to_o the_o lanistae_n or_o the_o instructor_n of_o the_o gladiator_n who_o after_o they_o have_v teach_v they_o some_o part_n of_o their_o skill_n let_v they_o out_o for_o money_n at_o a_o show_n yet_o the_o freeman_n soon_o put_v in_o for_o a_o share_n of_o this_o privilege_n to_o be_v kill_v in_o jest_n and_o according_o many_o time_n offer_v themselves_o to_o hire_v for_o the_o amphitheatre_n whence_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o auctorati_fw-la nay_o the_o knight_n and_o nobleman_n and_o even_o the_o senator_n themselves_o at_o last_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o take_v up_o the_o same_o profession_n some_o to_o keep_v themselves_o from_o starve_v after_o they_o have_v squander_v away_o their_o estate_n and_o other_o to_o curry_v favour_n with_o the_o emperor_n so_o that_o augustus_n be_v force_v to_o command_v by_o a_o public_a edict_n that_o none_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n shall_v turn_v gladiator_n 48._o gladiator_n dio._n lib._n 48._o and_o soon_o after_o he_o lay_v the_o same_o restraint_n on_o the_o knight_n 54._o knight_n sueton._n aug._n cap._n 43._o oto_n lib._n 54._o yet_o these_o prohibition_n be_v so_o little_o regard_v by_o the_o follow_a prince_n that_o nero_n present_v at_o one_o show_v if_o the_o number_n of_o suetonius_n be_v not_o corrupt_v 400_o senator_n and_o 600_o of_o the_o equestrian_a rank_n 12._o rank_n idem_fw-la ner._n cap._n 12._o but_o all_o this_o will_v look_v like_o no_o wonder_n when_o upon_o a_o far_a search_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o very_a woman_n engage_v in_o these_o public_a encounter_n particular_o under_o nero_n and_o domitian_n juvenal_n have_v expose_v they_o very_o handsome_o for_o this_o mannish_a humour_n in_o his_o six_o satyr_n quale_n decus_fw-la rerum_fw-la si_fw-la conjugis_fw-la auctio_fw-la fiat_fw-la balteus_fw-la &_o manicae_fw-la &_o cristae_fw-la crurisque_fw-la sinistri_fw-la dimidium_fw-la tegmen_fw-la well_fw-mi si_fw-la diversa_fw-la movebit_fw-la praelia_fw-la tu_fw-la foelix_fw-la ocreas_fw-la vendente_fw-la puellâ_fw-la hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la tenui_fw-la sudant_fw-la in_o cyclade_fw-la quarum_fw-la delicias_fw-la &_o panniculus_fw-la bombycinus_fw-la urit_fw-la adspice_fw-la quo_fw-la fremitu_fw-la monstratos_fw-la perferat_fw-la ictus_fw-la et_fw-la quanto_fw-la galeae_fw-la curvetur_fw-la pondere_fw-la quanta_fw-la poplitibus_fw-la sedeat_fw-la quà m_fw-la denso_fw-la fascia_fw-la libro_fw-la oh_o what_o a_o decent_a sight_n it_o be_v to_o behold_v all_o thy_o wife_n magazine_n by_o auction_n sell_v the_o belt_n the_o crest_a plume_n the_o several_a suit_n of_o armour_n and_o the_o spanish-leather_n boot_n yet_o these_o be_v they_o that_o can_v bear_v the_o heat_n of_o figure_v silk_n and_o under_o sarsenet_n sweat_n behold_v the_o strut_a amazonian_a whore_n she_o stand_v in_o guard_n with_o her_o right_a foot_n before_o her_o coat_n tuck_v up_o and_o all_o her_o motion_n just_a she_o stamp_v and_o then_o cry_v hah_o at_o every_o thrust_n mr._n dryden_n yet_o the_o woman_n be_v not_o the_o most_o inconsiderable_a performer_n for_o a_o more_o ridiculous_a set_v of_o combatant_n be_v still_o behind_o and_o these_o be_v the_o dwarf_n who_o encounter_v one_o another_o or_o the_o woman_n at_o these_o public_a diversion_n give_v a_o very_a pleasant_a entertainment_n statius_n have_v leave_v we_o this_o elegant_a description_n of_o they_o his_o audax_fw-la subit_fw-la ordo_fw-la pumilorum_fw-la quos_fw-la natura_fw-la brevi_fw-la statu_fw-la peracto_fw-la nodosum_fw-la semel_fw-la in_o globum_fw-la ligavit_fw-la edunt_fw-la vulnera_fw-la conseruntque_fw-la dextras_fw-la et_fw-la mortem_fw-la sibi_fw-la quâ_fw-la manu_fw-la minentur_fw-la ridet_fw-la mars_n pater_fw-la &_o cruenta_fw-la virtus_fw-la cassuraeque_fw-la vagis_fw-la grues_fw-la rapinis_fw-la mirantur_fw-la pumilos_fw-la ferociores_fw-la to_o mortal_a combat_n next_o succeed_v bold_a fencer_n of_o the_o pigmy_n breed_v who_o nature_n when_o she_o half_o have_v wrought_v not_o worth_a her_o far_a labour_n think_v but_o close_v the_o rest_n in_o one_o hard_a knot_n with_o what_o a_o
name_n and_o title_n grace_v my_o early_a labour_n and_o shall_v crown_v my_o last_o now_o when_o i_o have_v long_o engage_v with_o wish_a success_n and_o full_a of_o fame_n obtain_v my_o writ_n of_o ease_n while_o sprightly_a fancy_n sink_v with_o heavy_a age_n again_o you_o will_v bring_v i_o on_o the_o doubtful_a stage_n yet_o wise_a veianius_n hang_v up_o his_o arm_n to_o hercules_n some_o little_a cottage_n farm_n lest_o he_o be_v force_v if_o giddy_a fortune_n turn_v to_o cringe_v to_o the_o vile_a rabble_n that_o he_o scorn_v the_o learned_a dacier_n in_o his_o observation_n on_o this_o place_n acquaint_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o all_o person_n when_o they_o lay_v down_o any_o art_n or_o employment_n to_o consecrate_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o their_o call_v to_o the_o particular_a deity_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v for_o the_o precedent_n of_o that_o profession_n and_o therefore_o the_o gladiator_n when_o thus_o discharge_v hang_v up_o their_o arm_n to_o 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grow_v into_o a_o distinct_a species_n of_o poetry_n and_o have_v ever_o
the_o emperor_n the_o ludi_fw-la quinquennales_fw-la institute_v by_o augustus_n caesar_n after_o his_o victory_n against_o anthony_n which_o resolve_v to_o deliver_v famous_a to_o succeed_a age_n he_o build_v the_o city_n nicopolis_n near_o actium_n the_o place_n of_o battle_n on_o purpose_n to_o hold_v these_o game_n whence_o they_o be_v often_o call_v ludi_fw-la actiaci_n they_o consist_v of_o show_n of_o gladiator_n wrestler_n and_o other_o exercise_n and_o be_v keep_v as_o well_o at_o rome_n as_o at_o nicopolis_n the_o proper_a curator_n of_o they_o be_v the_o four_o college_n of_o priest_n the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o augur_n the_o septemviri_fw-la and_o the_o quindecemviri_fw-la virgil_n in_o allusion_n to_o this_o custom_n when_o he_o bring_v his_o hero_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o actium_n make_v he_o hold_v solemn_a game_n with_o the_o lustration_n and_o sacrifice_n use_v on_o that_o occasion_n by_o the_o roman_n lustramurque_fw-la jovi_fw-la votisque_fw-la incendimus_fw-la arras_n actiaque_fw-la iliacis_n celebramus_fw-la littora_fw-la ludio_n aen._n 3._o nero_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n institute_v quinquennial_a game_n at_o which_o the_o most_o celebrate_a master_n of_o music_n horse-racing_a wrestle_a etc._n etc._n dispute_v for_o the_o prize_n 12._o prize_n sueton_n ner._n 12._o the_o same_o exercise_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o quinquennial_a game_n of_o domitian_n dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n together_o with_o the_o contention_n of_o orator_n and_o poet_n 4._o poet_n idem_fw-la domit._n 4._o at_o which_o the_o famous_a statius_n have_v once_o the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o lose_v the_o prize_n as_o he_o complain_v several_a time_n in_o his_o miscellany_n poem_n ludi_fw-la decennales_fw-la or_o game_n to_o return_v every_o ten_o year_n be_v institute_v by_o augustus_n with_o this_o political_a design_n to_o secure_v the_o whole_a command_n to_o himself_o without_o incur_v the_o envy_n or_o jealousy_n of_o the_o people_n for_o every_o ten_o year_n proclaim_v solemn_a sport_n and_o so_o gather_v together_o a_o numerous_a company_n of_o spectator_n he_o there_o make_v a_o solemn_a proffer_n of_o resign_v his_o imperial_a office_n to_o the_o people_n though_o he_o immediate_o resume_v it_o as_o if_o continue_a to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n 53._o nation_n dio._n lib._n 53._o hence_o a_o custom_n be_v derive_v for_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n every_o ten_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n to_o keep_v a_o magnificent_a feast_n with_o the_o celebration_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o public_a sport_n and_o exercise_n ibid._n exercise_n ibid._n the_o ludi_fw-la triumphales_fw-la be_v such_o game_n as_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o triumphal_a solemnity_n ludi_fw-la natalitii_fw-la institute_v by_o every_o particular_a emperor_n to_o commemorate_v his_o own_o birthday_n ludi_fw-la juvenile_n institute_v by_o nero_n at_o the_o shave_n of_o his_o beard_n and_o at_o first_o private_o celebrate_v in_o his_o palace_n or_o garden_n but_o they_o soon_o become_v public_a and_o be_v keep_v with_o great_a state_n and_o magnificence_n hence_o the_o game_n hold_v by_o the_o follow_a emperor_n in_o the_o palace_n yearly_a on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n take_v the_o name_n of_o juvenilia_fw-la 〈…〉_o juvenilia_fw-la sueton._n nâ—r._n 11._o 〈…〉_o cicero_n speak_v of_o the_o ludi_fw-la juventutis_fw-la institute_v by_o salinator_n in_o the_o senensian_a war_n for_o the_o health_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o youth_n a_o plague_n then_o reign_v in_o the_o city_n â—â—â—â—o_o city_n in_o â—â—â—â—o_o the_o ludi_fw-la miscelli_fw-la which_o suetonius_n make_v caligula_n to_o have_v institute_v at_o lion_n in_o france_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o miscellany_n of_o sport_n consist_v of_o several_a exercise_n join_v together_o in_o a_o new_a and_o a_o unusual_a manner_n alloâ—_n manner_n sueton._n câ—iâ—g_n 20._o tâ—rrâ—â—â—_n alloâ—_n the_o ludifunebre_n assign_v for_o one_o species_n of_o the_o roman_a public_a game_n as_o to_o their_o original_n and_o manner_n have_v be_v already_o describe_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o gladiator_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o observe_v far_o that_o tertullian_n in_o his_o particular_a tract_n de_fw-fr spectaculis_fw-la as_o he_o derive_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o gladiatorian_a combat_n from_o the_o funeral_n rite_n so_o he_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o word_n munus_fw-la apply_v original_o to_o these_o show_n be_v no_o more_o than_o officium_fw-la a_o kind_a office_n to_o the_o dead_a we_o must_v remember_v too_o that_o though_o the_o show_n of_o gladiator_n which_o take_v their_o rise_n from_o hence_o be_v afterward_o exhibit_v on_o many_o other_o occasion_n yet_o the_o primitive_a custom_n of_o present_v they_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o great_a man_n all_o along_o prevail_v in_o the_o city_n and_o roman_a province_n nor_o be_v it_o confine_v only_o to_o person_n of_o quality_n but_o almost_o every_o rich_a man_n be_v honour_v with_o this_o solemnity_n after_o his_o death_n and_o this_o they_o very_o common_o provide_v for_o in_o their_o will_n define_v the_o number_n of_o gladiator_n who_o shall_v be_v hire_v to_o engage_v in_o so_o much_o that_o when_o any_o wealth_n person_n decease_v the_o people_n use_v to_o claim_v a_o show_n of_o gladiator_n as_o their_o due_n by_o long_a custom_n suetonius_n to_o this_o purpose_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o funeral_n in_o which_o the_o common_a people_n extort_a money_n by_o force_n from_o the_o decease_a person_n be_v heir_n to_o be_v expend_v on_o this_o account_n 37._o account_n suet._n tib._n 37._o julius_n caesar_n bring_v up_o a_o new_a custom_n of_o allow_v this_o honour_n to_o the_o woman_n when_o he_o oblige_v the_o people_n with_o a_o feast_n and_o a_o public_a show_n in_o memory_n of_o his_o daughter_n 26._o daughter_n idem_fw-la jul._n 26._o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a that_o though_o the_o exhibiter_n of_o these_o show_n be_v private_a person_n yet_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o celebration_n they_o be_v consider_v as_o of_o the_o high_a rank_n and_o quality_n have_v the_o honour_n to_o wear_v the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o to_o be_v wait_v on_o by_o the_o lictor_n and_o beadle_n who_o be_v necessary_a to_o keep_v the_o people_n in_o order_n and_o to_o assist_v the_o designatores_fw-la or_o marshaller_n of_o the_o procession_n 8._o procession_n kirckman_n de_fw-fr funer_n rom._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 8._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o roman_a habit._n the_o roman_a habit_n have_v give_v as_o much_o trouble_n to_o the_o critic_n as_o any_o other_o part_n of_o antiquity_n and_o though_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o leave_v we_o their_o thought_n on_o this_o subject_a yet_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o full_o explain_v and_o the_o controversy_n about_o it_o admit_v of_o no_o decision_n however_o without_o inquire_v into_o the_o several_a fashion_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o define_v the_o exact_a time_n when_o they_o first_o change_v their_o leathern_a jerkin_n and_o their_o primitive_a hide_n of_o wild_a beast_n for_o the_o more_o decent_a and_o graceful_a attire_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o the_o present_a design_n to_o observe_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o garment_n in_o use_n with_o both_o sex_n and_o to_o give_v the_o best_a distinction_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v out_o at_o this_o distance_n the_o two_o common_a and_o celebrate_a garment_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o toga_fw-la and_o the_o tunica_n the_o toga_fw-la or_o gown_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o semicircular_a form_n without_o sleeve_n different_a in_o largeness_n according_a to_o the_o wealth_n or_o poverty_n of_o the_o wearer_n and_o use_v only_o upon_o occasion_n of_o appear_v in_o public_a whence_o it_o be_v often_o call_v vestis_fw-la forensis_fw-la 28._o forensis_fw-la feriar_fw-la de_fw-mi re_fw-mi vestiar_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 28._o the_o colour_n of_o the_o gown_n be_v general_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v white_a the_o common_a objection_n against_o this_o opinion_n be_v how_o it_o can_v then_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o toga_fw-la candida_fw-la use_v by_o competitor_n for_o office_n or_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o we_o read_v particular_o of_o their_o wear_n white_a gown_n on_o holiday_n and_o public_a festival_n as_o in_o horace_n ille_fw-la repotia_fw-la natales_fw-la aliosque_fw-la dierum_fw-la festos_fw-la albatus_fw-la celebret_fw-la 2._o celebret_fw-la lib._n 2._o sat._n 2._o if_o their_o ordinary_a gown_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o both_o these_o scruple_n be_v easy_o solve_v for_o between_o the_o toga_fw-la alba_n and_o candida_n we_o may_v apprehend_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o former_a be_v the_o natural_a colour_n of_o the_o wool_n and_o the_o other_o a_o artificial_a white_a which_o appear_v with_o a_o great_a advantage_n of_o lustre_n and_o therefore_o polybius_n choose_v rather_o to_o call_v the_o candidate_n gown_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o of_o a_o bare_a white_a but_o of_o a_o bright_a shine_a colour_n
for_o this_o purpose_n they_o make_v use_v of_o a_o fine_a kind_n of_o chalk_n whence_o persius_n take_v the_o hint_n of_o cretata_fw-la ambitio_fw-la 177._o ambitio_fw-la sat._n 5._o ver_fw-la 177._o as_o to_o the_o holiday_n or_o solemn_a festival_n on_o which_o we_o find_v the_o roman_n always_o attire_v in_o white_a it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v that_o all_o person_n of_o any_o fashion_n constant_o put_v on_o new_a gown_n which_o be_v of_o the_o pure_a white_a on_o these_o occasion_n and_o those_o of_o mean_a condition_n may_v perhaps_o chalk_v over_o their_o old_a gown_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v rusty_a and_o have_v almost_o lose_v their_o colour_n 13._o colour_n dip_v elect._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o the_o dispute_n between_o manutius_n and_o sigonius_n whether_o the_o roman_a gown_n be_v tie_v about_o with_o a_o girdle_n or_o not_o be_v common_o decide_v in_o favour_n of_o manutius_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o best_a author_n allow_v some_o kind_n of_o cincture_n to_o the_o gown_n but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v perform_v only_o by_o help_n of_o the_o gown_n itself_o or_o by_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o come_v under_o the_o right_a arm_n be_v draw_v over_o to_o the_o left_a shoulder_n and_o so_o cover_v the_o vmbo_fw-la or_o knot_n of_o plaight_n which_o rest_v there_o keep_v the_o gown_n close_o together_o this_o lappet_n quinctilian_n call_v the_o belt_n in_o his_o advice_n to_o the_o orator_n about_o this_o matter_n ille_fw-la qui_fw-la sub_fw-la humero_fw-la dextro_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistrum_fw-la obliquè_fw-fr ducitur_fw-la velut_fw-la balteus_fw-la nec_fw-la strangulet_fw-la nec_fw-la fluat_fw-la 3._o fluat_fw-la institut_fw-la lib._n 11._o cap._n 3._o this_o belt_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o left_a arm_n draw_v in_o the_o gown_n flow_v out_o and_o the_o sinus_n or_o main_a lappet_n hang_v about_o the_o wearer_n foot_n this_o be_v particular_o observe_v in_o caesar_n who_o common_o let_v his_o gown_n hang_v drag_v after_o he_o whence_o sylla_n use_v to_o advise_v the_o nobleman_n ut_fw-la pverum_fw-la male_a praecinctum_fw-la caverent_fw-la 3._o caverent_fw-la sueton._n jul._n cap._n 15._o macrob._n saturnal_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o the_o accurate_a ferrarius_fw-la be_v certain_o in_o a_o mistake_n as_o to_o this_o point_n for_o maintain_v that_o the_o gown_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o cinctus_fw-la but_o what_o they_o call_v gabinus_n he_o will_v have_v this_o mean_v only_o of_o the_o tunica_n but_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o macrobius_n make_v this_o supposition_n impossible_a and_o lacinium_n trahere_fw-la express_o point_v out_o the_o gown_n for_o the_o tunick_n be_v only_o a_o short_a vest_n can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v conceive_v to_o have_v a_o lappet_n drag_v on_o the_o ground_n 45._o ground_n graevius_n ad_fw-la sueton._n jul._n 45._o the_o same_o fault_n which_o sylla_n object_v to_o caesar_n be_v common_o observe_v in_o maecenas_n and_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o that_o effeminate_a softness_n which_o make_v a_o unhappy_a part_n of_o his_o character_n in_o history_n the_o learned_a graevius_n observe_v that_o the_o word_n praecingi_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o gown_n because_o the_o lappet_n do_v not_o close_o about_o the_o whole_a gown_n but_o only_o the_o forepart_n of_o it_o ibidem_fw-la it_o ibidem_fw-la the_o cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n be_v most_o happy_o describe_v by_o ferrarius_fw-la cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n non_fw-la aliud_fw-la fuit_fw-la quà m_fw-la cùm_fw-la togae_fw-la lacinia_fw-la laevo_fw-la brachio_n subducta_fw-la in_o tergum_fw-la ita_fw-la rejiciebatur_fw-la ut_fw-la contracta_fw-la retraheretur_fw-la ad_fw-la pectus_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o nodum_fw-la necteretur_fw-la qui_fw-la nodus_fw-la sive_fw-la cinctus_fw-la togam_fw-la contrahebat_fw-la brevioremque_fw-la &_o strictiorem_fw-la reddidit_fw-la 14._o reddidit_fw-la dear_a vestiaâ—_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 14._o the_o cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o when_o the_o lappet_n of_o the_o gown_n which_o use_v to_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o left-shoulder_n be_v draw_v thence_o be_v cast_v off_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n upon_o the_o back_n as_o to_o come_v round_o short_a to_o the_o breast_n and_o there_o fasten_v in_o a_o knot_n which_o knot_n or_o tincture_n tuck_v up_o the_o gown_n and_o make_v it_o short_a and_o straight_a this_o cinctus_fw-la be_v proper_a only_o to_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n as_o the_o denounce_v war_n burn_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n devote_v themselves_o to_o death_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n and_o the_o like_a it_o be_v borrow_a from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gabii_n a_o city_n of_o campania_n who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o public_a sacrifice_n happen_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o sudden_o by_o their_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v through_o haste_n to_o gather_v up_o their_o gown_n in_o this_o manner_n and_o so_o march_v out_o to_o oppose_v they_o 61â—_n they_o servius_n ad_fw-la viâ—gil_n aeâ—eid_n 7._o v._n 61â—_n in_o the_o ordinary_a wear_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gown_n use_v to_o lay_v over_o the_o right_a shoulder_n yet_o upon_o occasion_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o draw_v back_o that_o part_n again_o and_o make_v it_o cover_v the_o head_n and_o learned_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o city_n make_v use_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o cover_v only_o for_o the_o head_n never_o appear_v in_o any_o kind_n of_o cap_n or_o hat_n unless_o they_o be_v on_o a_o journey_n out_o of_o town_n thus_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o of_o the_o deference_n pay_v to_o great_a man_n as_o they_o pass_v the_o street_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o roman_n when_o they_o meet_v any_o person_n who_o deserve_v a_o particular_a respect_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o have_v their_o gown_n on_o their_o head_n present_o uncover_v and_o the_o same_o author_n reckon_v up_o the_o mark_n of_o honour_n which_o sylla_n show_v pompey_n add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o pull_v off_o his_o gown_n from_o his_o head_n the_o several_a sort_n of_o the_o roman_a gown_n be_v the_o toga_fw-la praetexta_fw-la the_o pulla_n the_o sordida_fw-la and_o the_o picta_fw-la purpurea_fw-la palmata_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o the_o trabea_n every_o one_o know_v that_o the_o gown_n be_v the_o distinguish_a mark_n of_o the_o roman_n from_o the_o greek_n who_o wear_v the_o pallium_fw-la or_o cloak_n as_o their_o common_a garment_n whence_o togatus_fw-la and_o palliatus_fw-la be_v often_o use_v for_o roman_a and_o grecian_a as_o also_o that_o the_o gown_n be_v the_o proper_a badge_n of_o peace_n be_v general_o lay_v aside_o upon_o engage_v in_o any_o martial_a design_n yet_o it_o appear_v from_o several_a passage_n of_o livy_n and_o plutarch_n that_o it_o be_v sometime_o wear_v in_o the_o camp_n if_o so_o perhaps_o the_o equites_fw-la and_o centurion_n have_v this_o peculiar_a privilege_n and_o that_o only_o when_o they_o lie_v still_o in_o the_o camp_n without_o any_o thought_n of_o sudden_a action_n as_o manutius_n learned_o conjecture_n 1._o conjecture_n de_fw-fr quaesitis_fw-la per_fw-la epist_n lib._n 2._o ep._n 1._o the_o toga_fw-la praetexta_fw-la have_v a_o border_n of_o purple_a round_a the_o edge_n whence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n and_o in_o allusion_n to_o which_o the_o grecian_a writer_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v original_o to_o have_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o some_o of_o the_o priest_n when_o at_o first_o introduce_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v bestow_v on_o the_o young_a man_n be_v different_o relate_v some_o fancy_n that_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o a_o triumph_n for_o a_o victory_n against_o the_o sabine_n first_o honour_v his_o own_o son_n with_o the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o the_o bulla_n aurea_fw-la as_o reward_n of_o his_o valour_n for_o kill_v one_o of_o the_o enemy_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o as_o the_o former_a be_v the_o robe_n of_o the_o magistrate_n so_o the_o bulla_n aurea_fw-la be_v till_o then_o use_v only_o by_o general_n in_o their_o triumphal_a procession_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o hollow_a golden_a ball_n hang_v about_o their_o neck_n in_o which_o be_v enclose_v some_o secret_a amulet_n or_o preservative_n against_o envy_n other_o without_o regard_v this_o first_o story_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o tarquin_n among_o other_o wise_a constitution_n take_v particular_a care_n in_o assign_v the_o proper_a habit_n to_o the_o boy_n and_o according_o ordain_v that_o the_o son_n of_o nobleman_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o the_o bulla_n aurea_fw-la provide_v their_o father_n have_v bear_v any_o curule_n office_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n shall_v wear_v the_o praetexta_fw-la only_o as_o low_a as_o the_o son_n of_o those_o who_o have_v serve_v on_o horseback_n in_o the_o army_n the_o full_a time_n that_o the_o law_n require_v a_o three_o party_n refer_v the_o original_a of_o this_o custom_n