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city_n	great_a	part_n	people_n	5,808	4	4.2401	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64307	An essay upon the advancement of trade in Ireland	Temple, William, Sir, 1628-1699.	1673 (1673)	Wing T637; ESTC R34649	18,331	34

to buy too and all the foreign Merchandize which they had before from Bristow Chester and London they will have in time from Roan Amsterdam Lisbon and the Streights As for the true causes of the decay of Rents in England which made the occasion of that Act they were to be found in the want of People in the mighty consumption of foreign Commodities among the better sort and in a higher way of living among all and not in this Transportation of Irish Cattel which would have been complained of in former times if it had been found a prejudice to England Besides the Rents have been far from encreasing since and though that may be by other accidents yet as to what concerns Ireland it comes all to one unless Wool be forbidden as well as Cattel for the less Cattel comes over from thence there comes the more Wool which goes as far as t'other towards beating down the price of Pasture-lands in England and yet the Transportation of Wool cannot be forbidden since that would force the Irish Wool either by stealth into foreign Markets or else in Cloth by the advance of that Manufacture either of which would bring a sudden decay upon the principal branch of the English Trade Horses in Ireland are a drug but might be improved to a Commodity not only of greater use at home but also fit for Exportation into other Countrys The Soil is of a sweet and plentiful grass which will raise a large breed and the Hills especially near the Sea-coasts are hard and rough and so fit to give them shape and breath and sound feet The present defects in them are breeding without choice of Stallions either in shape or size and trusting so far to the gentleness of the Climate as to winter them abroad without ever handling Colts till they are four year old This both checks the growth of the common breeds and gives them an incurable shyness which is the general vice of Irish Horses and is hardly ever seen in Flanders because the hardness of the Winters in those parts forces the breeders there to house and handle their Colts for at least six months every year In the Studds of persons of quality in Ireland where care is taken and cost is not spared we see Horses bred of excellent shape and vigor and size so as to reach great prices at home and encourage strangers to find the Market here among whom I met with one this Summer that came over on that errand and bought about twenty Horses to carry over into the French Army from twenty to threescore pounds price at the first hand The improvement of Horses here may be made by a standard prescribed to all Stallions and all Horses that shall be used for draught the main point being to make the common breed large for then whether they have shape or no they have ever some reasonable price both at home and abroad And besides being not to be raised without wintering they will help to force men into improvement of Land by a necessity of fodder But for encouragement of finer breed and in the better hands some other institutions may be invented by which emulation may be raised among the Breeders by a prospect both of particular honour and profit to those who succeed best and of good ordinary gains and ready vent to such as by aiming at the best though they fail yet go beyond the common sorts To this purpose there may be set up both a Horse-Fair and Races to be held at a certain time every year for the space of a week the first in the fairest Green near the City of Dublin the latter in that place designed by your Lordship in the Park for some such purpose During this Week the Monday Wednesday and Friday may be the Races the Tuesday Thursday and Saturday the Fairs may be held At each Race may be two Plates given by the King one of thirty pounds and the other of twenty besides the fashion as the Prizes for the first and second Horse the first Engraven with a Horse Crowned with a Crown the second with a Coronet and under it the day of the Month and the Year Besides these Plates the Wagers may be as the persons please among themselves but the Horses must be evidenced by good Testimonies to have been bred in Ireland For honour the Lord Lieutenant may ever be present himself or at least name a Deputy in his room and two Judges of the field who shall decide all Controversies and with sound of Trumpet declare the two Victors The Masters of these two Horses may be admitted to ride from the Field to the Castle with the Lord Lieutenant or his Deputy and to dine with him that day and there receive all the honour of the Table This to be done what quality soever the persons are of for the lower that is the more will be the honour and perhaps the more the sport and the encouragement of breeding will by that means extend to all sorts of men For the Fairs the Lord Lieutenant may likewise be present every day in the heighth of them by himself or Deputy and may with the advice of the two chief Officers of the Army then present chuse out one of the best Horses and two of the best Geldings that appear in the Fair not under four nor above seven years old For which shall be paid to the owners of them after sufficient Testimony of their being bred in Ireland One hundred pounds for the Horse and Fifty pounds a piece for the Geldings These Sums as that for the Plates to issue out of the Revenue of Ireland and without trouble or fee and the three Horses to be sent over every year to the Kings Stables Both those that won the Plate and those which are thus fold ought immediately to be marked so as they may never return a second time either to the Race or to the Sale The benefit by such an institution as this will be very great and various For besides the encouragement to breed the best Horses from the honour and gain already mentioned there will be a sort of publick entertainment for one whole week during which the Lord Lieutenant the Lord Mayor of the City and the great Officers both Civil and Military ought to keep open Tables for all strangers This will draw a confluence of People from all parts of the Country Many perhaps from the nearer parts of England may come not only as to a publick kind of solemnity but as to a great Mart of the best Horses This will enrich the City by the expence of such a Concourse and the Country by the Sale of many Horses into England and in time or from thence into foreign parts This will make general acquaintances among the Gentry of the Kingdom and bring the Lord Lieutenant to be more personally known and more honoured by his appearing in more greatness and with more solemnity than usual upon these occasions And all

this with expence only of Three hundred and fifty pounds a year to the Crown for which the King shall have three the best Horses bred that year in Ireland The Fishing of Ireland might prove a Mine under water as rich as any under ground if it were improved to those vast advantages it is capable of and that we see it raised to in other Countrys But this is impossible under so great a want of People and cheapness of all things necessary to life throughout the Country which are in all places invincible enemies of industry and improvements While these continue I know no way of advancing this Trade to any considerable degree unless it be the erecting four Companies of Fishery one in each Province of Ireland into which every man that enters shall bring a certain Capital and receive a proportionable share of the gain or loss and have a proportional voice in the Election of a President and Council by whom the whole business in each Province shall be managed If into each of these Companies the King or Lord Lieutenant would enter for a considerable share at the first towards building such a number of Boats and Busses as each Company could easily manage it would be an encouragement both of honour and advantage Certain Priviledges likewise or Immunities might be granted from charges of trouble or expence nay from Taxes and all unusual payments to the publick in favour of such as brought in a proportion to a certain heighth into the stock of the Fishery Nay it seems a matter of so great importance to his Majesties Crowns both as to the improving the Riches of this Kingdom and impairing the mighty gains of his Neighbours by this Trade that perhaps there were no hurt if an Act were made by which none should be capable of being either chosen into a Parliament or the Commission of the Peace who had not manifested his desires of advancing the publick good by entring in some certain proportion into the stock and Companies of the Fishery since the greatness of one and application of the other seem the only present means of improving so rich and so important a Trade It will afterwards be the business of the Companies themselves or their directors to fall into the best methods and rules for the curing and barreling up all their Fish and to see them so exactly observed as may bring all those quantities of them that shall be sent abroad or spent at home into the highest and most general credit which with advancing the Seasons all that can be so as to find the first foreign Markets will be a way to the greatest and surest gains In Holland there have been above thirty Placaerts or Acts of State concerning the curing salting and barrelling of Herrings alone with such severity in the Imposition and execution of Penalties that the business is now grown to an habitual skill and care and honesty so as hardly any example is seen of failing in that matter or thereby impairing the general credit of that Commodity among them or in the foreign Markets they use Iron seems to me the Manufacture that of all others ought the least to be encouraged in Ireland or if it be which requires the most restriction to certain places and rules For I do not remember to have heard that there is any Oare in Ireland at least I am sure the greatest part is fetched from England so that all this Country affords of its own growth towards this Manufacture is but the Wood which has met but with too great consumptions already in most parts of this Kingdom and needs not this to destroy what is left So that Iron-works ought to be confined to certain places where either the Woods continue vast and make the Country savage or where they are not at all fit for Timber or likely to grow to it or where there is no conveyance for Timber to places of vent so as to quit the cost of the carriage Having run through the Commodities of Ireland with their defects and improvements I will only touch the other two Points mentioned at first as the grounds likewise of Trade in a Country those are the Commodiousness of Ports and the store of Shipping in one of which this Kingdom as much abounds as it fails in the other The Haven of Dublin is barr'd to that degree as very much to obstruct the Trade of the City the clearing or opening of it were a great work and proper either for the City or the whole Province of Lemster to undertake But whether it be feasible or at such charges as will quit cost I will not judg especially considering the many good Havens that are scattered upon that whole Eastern Coast of Ireland Besides this I know not what to propose upon this head unless it be the making of two free Ports one in Kerry and t'other upon the Northwest Coast which may thereby grow to be Magazines for the West-Indy Trade and from thence those Commodities may be dispersed into all other parts of Europe after having paid the Customs which they ought to pay in England where this must be concerted For the last Point I doubt there is hardly any other Country lying upon the Sea-coast and not wholly out of the way of Trade which has so little Shipping of its own as Ireland and which might be capable of imploying more The reason of this must be in part the scarcity of Timber proper for this built but more the want of Merchants and uncertainty of Trade in the Country For preventing the further destruction of Timber a Law may be made forbidding any man to cut down any Oak that is of a certain heighth unless it be of a certain scantling as twelve inches diameter or some such measure as usually makes a Tree useful Timber And further the severest Penalties ought to be put upon Barking any Tree that is not felled a custom barbarous and peculiar to this Country and by which infinite quantities of Timber have been destroyed All Traders in these parts at least of Ireland are but Factors nor do I hear of any number of Merchants in the Kingdom The cause of this must be rather an ill opinion of security than of gain for those are the two baits which draw Merchants to a place the last intices the poorer Traders or the young beginners or those of passage but without the first the substantial and the rich will never settle in a Country This opinion can be attained only by a course of time of good conduct and good government and thereby of justice and of peace which lye out of the compass of this Discourse But to make some amends for this want at present encouragement may be given to any Merchants that shall come over and turn a certain stock of their own here as Naturallization upon any terms Freedom from Customs the two first years and from any Offices of trouble or expence the first seven years I see no hurt if the King should give leave to the Merchants in eight or ten of the chief Trading Ports of Ireland to name for each Town one of their number out of which the Lord Lieutenant should chuse two to be of the Privy Council of Ireland with a certain Salary from the King to defray their attendance This would be an honour and encouragement to so worthy a Calling and would introduce an interest of Trade into the Council which being now composed wholly of the Nobility or Gentry the Civil or Military Officers the Traders seem to be lest without Patrons in the Government and thereby without favour to the particular concernments of a chief member in the Politick body and upon whose prospering the wealth of the whole Kingdom seems chiefly to depend But this is enough for your Excellencies trouble and for the discharge of my promise and too much I doubt for the humour of our age to bring into practice or so much as to admit into consideration Your Lordship I know has generous thoughts and turned to such disinteressed Speculations as these and a mind framed for the exercise of those Virtues which can most advance the publick Weal of the Country where your Station is But that is not enough towards the raising such buildings as I have drawn you here the lines of unless the direction of all affairs here were wholly in your hands or at least the opinion lost of other mens being able to contest with you those points of publick utility which you ought best to know and most to be believ'd in while you deserve or discharge so great a trust as the Government of this Kingdom For I think a Prince cannot too much consider whom to chuse for such imployments but when he has chosen cannot trust them too far or thereby give them too much Authority no more than end it too soon when ever he finds it abused In short 't is left only to Princes to mend the World whose Commands find general obedience and Examples imitation For all other men they must take it as they find it and good men enter into commerce with it rather upon cautions of not being spoiled themselves than upon hopes of mending the World At least this opinion becomes men of my level amongst whom I have observed all set quarrels with the age and pretences of reforming it by their own models to end commonly like the pains of a man in a little Boat who tugs at a rope that 's fast to a Ship it looks as if he resolved to draw the Ship to him but the truth and his meaning is to draw himself to the Ship where he gets in when he can and does like the rest of the Crew when he is there When I have such designs I will begin such contentions in the mean time the bent of my thoughts shall be rather to mend my self than the World which I reckon upon leaving much what I found it Nor should I have reason in complaining too far of an age which does your Lordship so much justice by the honour of so great an Imployment and so universal an esteem In both which as I know no man deserves greater successes and encreases than you do so I am sure no man wishes you greater than I do FINIS