there be 600 people of which let a fiftieth part dye per Annum then there shall dye 12 per Annum and if the Births be as 24 to 23 then the Increase of the People shall be somewhat above half a Man per Annum and consequently the supposed Number of 600 cannot be doubled but in 1126 Years which to reckon in round Numbers and for that the afore-mentioned Fractions were not exact we had rather call 1200. There are also other good Observations That even in the Countrey one in about 30 or 32 per Annum hath dyed and that there have been five Births for four Burials Now according to this Doctrine 20 will dye per Annum out of the above 600 and 25 will be Born so as the Increase will be 5 which is a hundred and twentieth part of the said 600. So as we have two fair Computations differing from each other as one to ten and there are also several other good Observations for other Measures I might here Insert That although the Births in this last Computation be 25 of 600 or a Twenty fourth part of the People yet that in Natural possibility they may be near thrice as many and near 75. For that by some late Observations the Teeming Females between 15 and 44 are about 180 of the said 600 and the Males of between 18 and 59 are about 180 also and that every Teeming Woman can bear a Child once in two Years from all which it is plain that the Births may be 90. and abating 15 for Sickness Young Abortions and Natural Barrenness there may remain 75 Births which is an Eighth of the People which by some Observations we have found to be but a two and thirtieth part or but a quarter of what is thus shewn to be Naturally possible Now according to this Reckoning if the Births may be 75 of 600 and the Burials but 15 then the Annual Increase of the People will be 60 and so the said 600 People may double in 10 Years which differs yet more from 1200 above-mentioned Now to get out of this Difficulty and to temper those vast disagreements I took the Medium of 50 and 30 dying per Annum and pitch'd upon 40 and I also took the Medium between 24 Births and 23 Burials and 5 Births for 4 Burials viz. allowing about 10 Births for 9 Burials upon which Supposition there must dye 15 per Annum out of the above-mentioned 600 and the Births must be 16 and two Thirds and the Increase 1 and two Thirds or five Thirds of a Man which Number compared with 1800 Thirds or 600 Men gives 360 Years for the time of doubling including some Allowance for Wars Plagues and Famine the Effects whereof though they be Terrible at the Times and Places where they happen yet in a period of 360 Years is no great Matter in the whole Nation For the Plagues of England in 20 Years hath carried away scarce an Eightieth part of the People of the whole Nation and the late 10 Years Civil Wars the like whereof hath not been in several Ages before did not take away above a fortieth part of the whole People According to which Account or Measure of doubling if there be now in England and Wales 7 Millions 400 Thousand People there were about 5 Millions 526 Thousand in the beginning of Queen Elizabeths Reign Anno 1560. and about two Millions at the Norman Conquest of which Consult the Dooms day Book and my Lord Hale's Origiâ—ation of Mankind Memorandum That if the People double in 360 Years that the present 320 Millions computed by some Learned Men from the Measures of all the Nations of the World their degrees of being Peopled and good Accounts of the people in several of them to be now upon the Face of the Earth will within the next 2000 Years so increase as to give one Head for every two Acres of Land in the Habitable part of the Earth And then according to the Prediction of the Scriptures there must be Wars and great Slaughter c. Wherefore as an Expedient against the above-mentioned difference between 10 and 1200 Years we do for the present and in this Countrey admit of 360 Years to be the time wherein the People of England do double according to the present Laws and Practice of Marriages Now if the City double its People in 40 Years and the present Number be 670 Thousand and if the whole Territory be 7 Millions 400 Thousand and double in 360 Years as aforesaid then by the under-written Table it appears that Anno 1840 the People of the City will be 10718880 and those of the whole Country but 10917389 which is but inconsiderably more Wherefore it is Certain and Necessary that the Growth of the City must stop before the said Year 1840 And will be at its utmost height in the next preceeding Period Anno 1800 when the Number of the City will be Eight times its present Number viz. 5 Millions 359 Thousand And when besides the said Number there will be 4 Millions 466 Thousand to perform the Tillage Pasturage and other Rural Works Necessary to be done without the said City as by the following Table viz.  Annis Burials People in London People in England  1565 2568 77040 5526929. As in the former Table 1605 5135   1642 11883   1682 22331 669930 7369230.  1722 44662    1762 89324    1802 178648 5359440 9825650.  1842 357296 10718880 10917389. Now when the People of London shall come to be so near the People of all England Then it follows That the Growth of London must stop before the said Year 1842 as aforesaid and must be at its greatest height Anno 1800 when it will be eight times more than now with above four Millions for the Service of the Countrey and Ports as aforesaid Of the afore-mentioned vast difference between 10 Years and 1200 Years for doubling the People we make this use viz. To justifie the Scriptures and all other good Histories concerning the Number of the People in Ancient Time For supposing the Eight Persons who came out of the Ark Increased by a Progressive doubling in every 10 Years might grow in the first 100 Years after the Flood from 8 to 8000 and that in 350 Years after the Flood when abouts Noah dyed to one Million and by this time 1682 to 320 Millions which by rational conjecture are thought to be now in the World it will not be hard to compute how in the intermediate Years the Growths may be made according to what is set down in the following Table wherein making the doubling to be 10 Years at first and within 1200 Years at last we take a discretionary liberty but justifiable by Observations and the Scriptures for the rest which Table we leave to be Corrected by Historians who know the bigness of Ancient Cities Armies and Colonies in the respective Ages of the World in
the mean time affirming that without such difference in the Measures and Periods for doubling the extreams whereof we have demonstrated to be real and true it is impossible to solve what is written in the Holy Scriptures and other Authentick Books For if we pitch upon any one Number throughout for this purpose 150 Years is the fittest of all round Numbers according to which there would have been but 512 Souls in the whole World in Moses's time being 800 Years after the Flood when 603 Thousand Israèlites of above 20 Years Old besides those of other Ages Tribes and Nations were found upon an exact Survey appointed by God Whereas our Table makes 12 Millions And there would have been but 8000 in David's Time when were found 1100 Thousand of above 20 Years Old besides others as aforesaid in Israel upon the Survey instigated by Satan whereas our Table makes 32 Millions And there would have been but a quarter of a Million about the Birth of Christ or Augustus his Time when Rome and the Roman Empire were so great whereas our Table makes 100 Millions Where Note That the Israelites in about 500 Years between their coming out of Egypt to David's Reign increased from 603 Thousand to 1100 Thousand On the other hand if we pitch upon a less Number as 100 Years the World would have been over-peopled 700 Years since Wherefore no one Number will solve the Phaenomena and therefore we have supposed several in Order to make the following Table which we again desire Historians to Correct according to what they find in Antiquity concerning the Number of the People in each Age and Countrey of the World We did not long since assist a worthy Divine writing against some Scepticks who would have baffled our belief of the Resurrection by saying that the whole Globe of the Earth could not furnish Matter enough for all the Bodies that must Rise at the last Day much less would the surface of the Earth furnish footing for so vast a Number whereas we did by the Method aforementioned assert the Number of Men now living and also of those that had dyed since the beginning of the World and did withal shew that half the Island of Ireland would afford them all not only Footing to stand upon but Graves to lye down in for that whole Number and that two Mountains in that Countrey were as weighty as all the Bodies that had ever been from the beginning of the World to the Year 1680 when this Dispute happened For which purpose I have digressed from my intended purpose to insert this Matter intending to prosecute this hint further upon some more proper Occasion A Table shewing how the People might have doubled in the several Ages of the World Anno after the Flood Periods of doubling   In 10 Years 1 8 Persons 10 16 20 32 30 64 40 128 50 256 60 512 70 1024 80 2048 90 4096 100 8000 and more In 20 Years 120 Years after the Flood 16 Thousand 140 32 30 170 64 200 128 40 240 256 50 290 512 60 350 1 Million and more 70 420 2 Millions 100 520 4 Millions 190 710 8 Millions 290 1000 16 In Moses Time 400 1400 32 About Davids Time 550 1950 64 750 2700 128 About the Birth of Christ. 1000 3700 256 In 300 1200 4000 320 It is here to be Noted That in this Table we have assigned a different Number of Years for the time of doubling the People in the several Ages of the World and might have done the same for the several Countries of the World and therefore the said several Periods assigned to the whole World in the Lump may well enough consist with the 360 Years especially assigned to England between this Day and the Norman Conquest And the said 360 Years may well enough serve for a Supposition between this time and that of the Worlds being fully Peopled Nor do we lay any stress upon one or the other in this disquisition concerning the Growth of the City of London We have spoken of the Growth of London with the Measures and Periods thereof we come next to the Causes and Consequences of the same The Causes of its Growth from 1642 to 1682 may be said to have been as followeth viz. From 1642 to 1650 That Men came out of the Countrey to London to shelter themselves from the Outrages of the Civil Wars during that time from 1650 to 1660 The Royal Party came to London for their more private and inexpensive Living from 1660 to 1670 The Kings Friends and Party came to receive his Favours after his Happy Restauration from 1670 to 1680 The frequency of Plots and Parliaments might bring extraordinary Numbers to the City But what Reasons to assign for the like Increase from 1604 to 1642 I know not unless I should pick out some Remarkable Accident happening in each part of the said Period and make that to be the Cause of this Increase as Vulgar People make the Cause of every Mans Sickness to be what he did last eat wherefore rather than so to say quidlibet de quolibet I had rather quit even what I have above-said to be the Cause of London's Increase from 1642 to 1682 and put the whole upon some Natural and Spontaneous Benefits and Advantages that Men find by Living in great more than in small Societies and shall therefore seek for the Antecedent Causes of this Growth in the Consequences of the like considered in greater Characters and Proportions Now whereas in Arithmetick out of two false Positions the Truth is extracted so I hope out of two extravagant contrary Suppositions to draw forth some solid and consistent Conclusion viz. The first of the said two Suppositions is That the City of London is seven times bigger than now and that the Inhabitants of it are four Millions 690 Thousand People and that in all the other Cities Ports Towns and Villages there are but two Millions 710 Thousand more The other Supposition is That the City of London is but a seventh part of its present bigness and that the Inhabitants of it are but 96 Thousand and that the rest of the Inhabitants being 7 Millions 304 Thousand do Co-habit thus 104 Thousand of them in small Cities and Towns and that the rest being seven Millions 200 Thousand do Inhabit in Houses not contiguous to one another viz. In 1200 Thousand Houses having about 24 Acres of Ground belonging to each of them accounting about 28 Millions of Acres to be in the whole Territory of England Wales and the adjacent Islands which any Man that pleases may Examine upon a good Map Now the Question is In which of these two Imaginary states would be the most convenient commodious and comfortable Livings But this general Question divides it self into the several Questions relating to the following Particulars viz. 1. For the Defence of the Kingdom against Foraign Powers 2. For preventing the Intestine Commotions of Parties and Factions 3. For Peace and Vniformity
in Religion 4. For the Administration of Iustice 5. For the proportionably Taxing of the People and easie Levying the same 6. For Gain by Foraign Commerce 7. For Husbandry Manufacture and for Arts of Delight and Ornament 8. For lessening the Fatigue of Carriages and Travelling 9. For preventing Beggars and Thieves 10. For the Advancement and Propagation of Vseful Learning 11. For Increasing the People by Generation 12. For preventing the Mischiefs of Plagues and Contagions And withal which of the said two states is most Practicable and Natural for in these and the like particulars do lye the Tests and Touch-stones of all Proposals that can be made for the Publick Good First as to Practicable we say That although our said Extravagant Proposals are both in Nature possible yet it is not Obvious to every Man to conceive how London now seven times bigger than in the beginning of Queen Elizabeths Reign should be seven times bigger than now it is and 49 times bigger than Anno 1560. To which I say 1. That the present City of London stands upon less than 1500 Acres of Ground wherefore a City seven times as large may stand upon 10500 Acres which is about equivalent to a Circle of four Miles and a half in Diameter and less than 15 Miles in Circumference 2. That a Circle of Ground of 35 Miles Semidiameter will bear Corn Garden-stuff Fruits Hay and Timber for the four Millions 690 Thousand Inhabitants of the said City and Circle so as nothing of that kind need be brought from above 35 Miles distance from the said City for the Number of Acres within the said Circle reckoning one Acre sufficient to furnish Bread and Drink-Corn for every Head and two Acres will furnish Hay for every Necessary Horse And that the Trees which may grow in the Hedge-rows of the Fields within the said Circle may furnish Timber for 600 Thousand Houses 3. That all live Cattel and great Animals can bring themselves to the said City and that Fish can be brought from the Lands-end and Berwick as easily as now 4. Of Coals there is no doubt And for Water 20 s. per Family or 600 Thousand pounds per Annum in the whole will serve this City especially with the help of the New River But if by Practicable be understood that the present state may be suddenly changed into either of the two above-mentioned Proposals I think it is not Practicable Wherefore the true Question is unto or towards which of the said two Extravagant states it is best to bend the present state by degrees viz. Whether it be best to lessen or enlarge the present City In Order whereunto we enquire as to the first Question which state is most Defensible against Forraign Powers saying that if the above-mentioned Housing and a border of Ground of 3 quarters of a Mile broad were encompassed with a Wall and Ditch of 20 Miles about as strong as any in Europe which would cost but a Million or about a Penny in the shilling of the House-Rent for one Year what Foraign Prince could bring an Army from beyond Seas able to beat 1. Our Sea-Forces and next with Horse harrass'd at Sea to resist all the fresh Horse that England could make and then Conquer above a Million of Men well United Disciplin'd and Guarded within such a Wall distant every where 3 quarters of a Mile from the Housing to elude the Granadoes and great Shot of the Enemy 2. As to Intestine Parties and Factions I suppose that 4 Millions 690 Thousand People United within this great City could easily Govern half the said Number scattered without it and that a few Men in Arms within the said City and Wall could also easily Govern the rest unarmed or Armed in such manner as the Soveraign shall think fit 3. As to Vniformity in Religion I conceive That if St. Martins Parish may as it doth consist of about 40 Thousand Souls That this great City also may as well be made but as one Parish with 7 times 130 Chappels in which might not only be an Uniformity of Common Prayer but in Preaching also for that a thousand Copies of one Judiciously and Authentically Composed Sermon might be every Week read in each of the said Chappels without any subsequent Repetition of the same as in the Case of Homilies Whereas in England wherein are near 10 Thousand Parishes in each of which upon Sundays Holy-days and other Extraordinary Occasions there should be about 100 Sermons per Annum making about a Million of Sermon per Annum in the whole It were a Miracle if a Million of Sermons Composed by so many Men and of so many Minds and Methods should produce Vniformity upon the discomposed understandings of about 8 Millions of Hearers 4. As to the Administration of Iustice If in this great City shall dwell the Owners of all the Lands and other Valuable things in England If within it shall be all the Traders all the Courts Offices Records Iuries and Witnesses Then it follows that Iustice may be made with speed and ease 5. As to the Equality and easie Levying of Taxes It is too certain That London hath at some times paid near half the Excise of England and that the People pay thrice as much for the Hearths in London as those in the Countrey in proportion to the People of each and that the Charge of Collecting these Duties have been about a sixth part of the Duty it self Now in this great City the Excise alone according to the present Laws would not only be double to the whole Kingdom but also more equal And the Duty of Hearths of the said City would exceed the present proceed of the whole Kingdom And as for the Customs we mention them not at present 6. Whether more would be gain'd by Foraign Commerce The Gain which England makes by Lead Coals the Freight of Shipping c. may be the same for ought I see in both Cases But the Gain which is made by Manufactures will be greater as the Manufacture it self is greater and better For in so vast a City Manufactures will beget one another and each Manufacture will be divided into as many parts as possible whereby the Work of each Artisan will be simple and easie As for Example In the making of a Watch If one Man shall make the Wheels another the Spring another shall Engrave the Dial-plate and another shall make the Cases then the Watch will be better and cheaper than if the whole Work be put upon any one Man And we also see that in Towns and in the Streets of a great Town where all the Inhabitants are almost of one Trade the Commodity peculiar to those places is made better and cheaper than elsewhere Moreover when all sorts of Manufactures are made in one place there every Ship that goeth forth can suddenly have its Loading of so many several Particulars and Species as the Port whereunto she is bound can take off Again when the
several Manufactures are made in one place and Shipped off in another the Carriage Postage and Travelling-charges will Inhance the Price of such Manufacture and lessen the Gain upon Foraign Commerce And lastly when the Imported Goods are spent in the Port it self where they are Landed the Carriage of the same into other places will create no surcharge upon such Commodity all which particulars tends to the greater Gain by Foraign Commerce 7. As for Arts of Delight and Ornament They are best promoted by the greatest Number of Emulators And it is more likely that one Ingenious Curious Man may rather be found out amongst 4 Millions than 400 Persons But as for Husbandry viz. Tillage and Pasturage I see no Reason but the second state when each Family is charged with the Culture of about 24 Acres will best promote the same 8. As for lessening the Fatigue of Carriage and Travelling The things speaks it self for if all the Men of Business and all Artisans do Live within five Miles of each other And if those who Live without the great City do spend only such Commodities as grow where they Live when the charge of Carriage and Travelling could be little 9. As to the preventing of Beggars and Thieves I do not find how the differences of the said two states should make much difference in this particular for Impotents which are but one in about 600 ought to be maintained by the rest 2. Those who are unable to Work through the evil Education of their Parents ought for ought I know to be maintained by their nearest Kindred as a just Punishment upon them 3. And those who cannot find Work though able and willing to perform it by reason of the unequal application of Hands to Lands ought to be provided for by the Magistrate and Land-Lord till that can be done for there needs be no Beggars in Countries where there are many Acres of unimproved improvable Land to every Head as there are in England As for Thieves they are for the most part begotten from the same Cause For it is against Nature that any Man should venture his Life Limb or Liberty for a wretched Livelyhood whereas moderate Labour will produce a better But of this see Sir Thomas Moor in the first part of his Vtopia 10. As to the Propagation and Improvement of Vseful Learning The same may be said concerning it as was above-said concerning Manufactures and the Arts of Delight and Ornaments for in the great vast City there can be no so odd a Conceit or Design whereunto some Assistance may not be found which in the thin scattered way of Habitation may not be 11. As for the Increase of People by Generation I see no great difference from either of the two states for the same may be hindred or promoted in either from the same Causes 12. As to the Plague It is to be remembred that one time with another a Plague happeneth in London once in 20 Years or thereabouts for in the last hundred Years between the Years 1582 and 1682 there have been five great Plagues viz. Anno 1592 1603 1625 1636 and 1665. And it is also to be remembred that the Plagues of London do commonly kill one fifth part of the Inhabitants Now if the whole People of England do double but in 360 Years then the Annual Increase of the same is but 20000 and in 20 Years 400000. But if in the City of London there should be two Millions of People as there will be about 60 Years hence then the Plague killing one fifth of them namely 400000 once in 20 Years will destroy as many in one Year as the whole Nation can re-furnish in 20 And consequently the People of the Nation shall never Increase But if the People of London shall be above 4 Millions as in the first of our two Extravagant Suppositions is premised then the People of the whole Nation shall lessen above 20000 per Annum So as if People be worth 70 l. per Head as hath elsewhere been shewn then the said greatness of the City will be a damage to it self and the whole Nation of 14 hundred Thousand pounds per Annum and so prorata for a greater or lesser Number wherefore to determine which of the two states is best that is to say towards which of the said two states Authority should bend the present state a just Balance ought to be made between the disadvantages from the Plague with the Advantages accruing from the other Particulars above-mentioned unto which Balance a more exact Account of the People and a better Rule for the Measure of its Growth is Necessary than what we have here given or are yet able to lay down Post-script IT was not very pertinent to a Discourse concerning the Growth of the City of London to thrust in Considerations of the Time when the whole World will be fully Peopled and how to justifie the Scriptures concerning the Number of People mentioned in them and concerning the Number of the Quick and the Dead that may Rise at the last Day c. Nevertheless since some Friends liking the said Digressions and Impertinencies perhaps as sauce to a dry Discourse have desired that the same might be explain'd and made out I therefore say as followeth 1. If the Number of Acres in the Habitable part of the Earth be under 50. Thousand Millions if Twenty Thousand Millions of People are more than the said Number of Acres will feed few or no Countries being so fully Peopled and for that in six doublings which will be in 2000 Years the present 320 Millions will exceed the said 20 Thousand Millions 2. That the Number of all those who have dyed since the Flood is the sum of all the Products made by Multiplying the Number of the doubling Periods mentioned in the first Column of the last Table by the Number of People respectively affixed to them in the third Column of the same Table the said sum being Divided by 40 one dying out of 40 per Annum out of the whole Mass of Mankind which Quotient is 12570 Millions Whereunto may be added for those that dyed before the Flood enough to make the last mentioned Number 20 Thousand Millions as the full Number of all that dyed from the beginning of the World to the Year 1682 unto which if 320 Millions the Number of those who are now alive be added the Total of the Quick and the Dead will amount but unto one fifth part of the Graves which the surface of Ireland will afford without ever putting two Bodies into any one Grave for there be in Ireland 28 Thousand square English Miles each whereof will afford about 4 Millions of Graves and consequently above 114 Thousand Millions of Graves viz. about 5 times the Number of the Quick and the Dead which should arise at the last Day in case the same had been in the Year 1682. 3. Now if there may be place for five times as many Graves in Ireland as are sufficient for all that ever dyed And if the Earth of one Grave weigh five times as much as the Body Interr'd therein then a Turf less than a Foot thick pared off from a fifth part of the surface of Ireland will be equivalent in bulk and weight to all the Bodies that ever were Buried And may serve as well for that purpose as the two Mountains afore-mentioned in the body of this Discourse From all which it is plain how madly they were mistaken who did so petulantly vilisie what the Holy Scriptures have delivered FINIS Observations upon the Dublin Bills of Mortality M.DC.LXXXI And the state of that City By the Observator in the London Bills of Mortality In Octavo What is meant by London What is meant by the Growth of London In what Measures the City hath Increased The People of London are about the Eleventh part of all England and Wales The People of England about 7 Millions and 400 Thousand That the time of doubling is here and now 360 Years 320 Millions now in the World That London will be at its highest growth and eight times as great as now Anno 1800. A digression of the use of the vast difference between 10 and 1200 Years of doubling
ANOTHER ESSAY IN Political Arithmetick Concerning the Growth of the CITY OF LONDON WITH THE Measures Periods Causes and Consequences thereof 1682. By Sir William Petty Fellow of the ROYAL SOCIETY LONDON Printed by H. H. for Mark Pardoe at the Black Raven over against Bedford-House in the Strand 1683. The Principal Points of this Discourse 1. THAT London doubles in Forty Years and all England in Three hundred and sixty Years 2. That there be Anno 1682. about Six hundred and seventy Thousand Souls in London and about seven Millions four hundred Thousand in all England and Wales and about twenty eight Millions of Acres of Land 3. That the Periods of doubling the People are found to be in all Degrees from between Ten to Twelve hundred Years 4. That the Growth of London must stop of its self before the Year 1800. 5. A Table helping to understand the Scriptures concerning the Number of People mentioned in them 6. That the World will be fully Peopled within the next Two Thousand Years 7. Twelve Touch-stones whereby to Try any Proposal pretended for the Publick Good 8. How the City of London may be made Morally speaking Invincible 9. An Help to Vniformity in Religion 10. That 't is possible to increase Mankind by Generation four times more than at present 11. The Plagues of London is the Chief Impediment and Objection against the Growth of the City 12. That an Exact Account of the People is Necessary in this Matter Of the Growth of the CITY of LONDON And of the Measures Periods Causes and Consequences thereof BY the City of London we mean the Housing within the Walls of the Old City with the Liberties thereof Westminster the Burrough of Southwark and so much of the built Ground in Middlesex and Surrey whose Houses are contiguous unto or within Call of those afore-mentioned Or else we mean the Housing which stand upon the Ninety seven Parishes within the Walls of London upon the Sixteen Parishes next without them the Ten Parishes of Westminster and the Seven Parishes without them all all which One hundred and thirty Parishes are comprehended within the Weekly Bills of Mortality The Growth of this City is Measured 1. By the Quantity of Ground or Number of Acres upon which it stands 2. By the Number of Houses as the same appears by the Hearth-Books and late Maps 3. By the Cubical Content of the said Housing 4. By the Flooring of the same 5. By the Number of Days-work or Charge of Building the said Houses 6. By the Value of the said Houses according to their Yearly Rent and Number of Years Purchase 7. By the Number of Inhabitants according to which latter sense only we make our Computations in this Essay Till a better Rule can be obtained we conceive that the Proportion of the People may be sufficiently Measured by the Proportion of the Burials in such Years as were neither remarkable for extraordinary Healthfulness or Sickliness That the City hath Increased in this latter sense appears from the Bills of Mortality represented in the two following Tables viz. One whereof is a continuation for Eighteen Years ending 1682 of that Table which was Published in the 117 th pag. of the Book of the Observations upon the London Bills of Mortality Printed in the Year 1676. The other sheweth what Number of People dyed at a Medium of two Years indifferently taken at about Twenty Years distance from each other The first of the said two Tables An. Dom. 97 Parishes 16 Parishes One Parishes Buried in all Besides of the Plague Christened 1665 5320 12463 10925 28708 68596 9967 1666 1689 3969 5082 10740 1998 8997 1667 7761 6405 8641 15807 35 10938 1668 â—796 6865 9603 17267 14 11633 1669 1323 7500 10440 19263 3 12335 1670 1890 7808 10500 20198 Â 11997 1671 1723 5938 8063 15724 5 12510 1672 2237 6788 9200 18225 5 12593 1673 2307 6302 8890 17499 5 11895 1674 2801 7522 10875 21198 3 11851 1675 2555 5986 8702 17243 1 11775 1676 2756 6508 9466 18730 2 12399 1677 2817 6632 9616 19065 2 12626 1678 3060 6705 10908 20673 5 12601 1679 3074 7481 11173 21728 2 12288 1680 3076 7066 10911 21053 Â 12747 1681 3669 8136 12166 23971 Â 13355 1682 2975 7009 10707 20691 Â 12653 According to which latter Table there dyed as followeth The latter of tie said two Tables There dyed in London At a Medium between the Years 1604 and 1605 5135. A. 1621 and 1622 8527. B. 1641 and 1642 11883. C. 1661 and 1662 15148. D. 1681 and 1682 22331. E. Wherein Observe That the Number C. is double to A. and 806 over That D. is double to B. within 1906. That C and D. is double to A. B. within 293. That E. is double to C. within 1435. That D. and E. is double to B. and C. within 3341. And that C. and D. and E. are double to A. and B. and C. within 1736. And that E. is above Quadruple to A. All which differences every way considered do allow the doubling of the People of London in forty Years to be a sufficient estimate thereof in round Numbers and without the trouble of Fractions We also say That 669930 is near the Number of People now in London because the Burials are 22331. which Multiplyed by 30 one dying Yearly out of 30 as appears in the 94 pag. of the aforementioned Observations maketh the said Number and because there are 84 Thousand Tenanted Houses as we are Credibly Informed which at â—8 in each makes 672 Thousand Souls the said two Accounts differing in considerably from each other We have thus pretty well sound out in what Number of Years viz. in about 40 that the City of London hath doubled and the present Number of Inhabitants to be about 670 Thousand We must now also endeavour the same for the whole Territory of England and Wales In Order whereunto we First say That the Assessment of London is about an Eleventh part of the whole Territory and therefore that the People of the whole may well be Eleven times that of London viz. about 7 Millions 369 Thousand Souls with which Account that of the Poll-money Hearth-money and the Bishops late Numbring of the Communicants do pretty well agree wherefore although the said Number of 7 Millions 369 Thousand be not as it cannot be a demonstrated Truth yet it will serve for a good Supposition which is as much as we want at present As for the time in which the People double it is yet more hard to be found For we have good Experience in the said 94 pag. of the afore-mentioned Observations That in the Countrey but one of fifty dye per Annum and by other late Accounts that there have been sometimes but 24 Births for 23 Burials The which two points if they were universally and constantly true there would be colour enough to say that the People doubled but in about 1200 Years As for Example Suppose