the_o four_o book_n of_o flavius_n vegetius_n renatus_n brief_o contain_v a_o plain_a form_n and_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o martial_a policy_n feat_n of_o chivalry_n and_o whatsoever_o pertain_v to_o war_n translate_v out_o of_o latin_n into_o english_a by_o john_n sadler_n anno._n 1572._o ¶_o see_v and_o allow_v accord_v to_o the_o order_n appoint_v imprint_v at_o london_n in_o fletestreate_n near_o to_o saint_n dunston_n church_n by_o thomas_n marsh_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o his_o singular_a good_a lord_n the_o lord_n russell_n earl_n of_o bedforde_n one_o of_o the_o queen_n majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a counsel_n and_o knight_n of_o the_o honourable_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n john_n sadler_n wish_v perfect_v felicity_n after_o i_o have_v first_o take_v in_o hand_n right_a honourable_a and_o my_o singular_a good_a lord_n the_o translation_n of_o this_o worthy_a and_o famous_a writer_n flaviê°_n vegetius_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n edmonde_fw-fr brudenell_n knight_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v have_v have_v no_o further_a labour_n but_o that_o the_o say_a translation_n be_v so_o diligent_o and_o plain_o handle_v according_a to_o the_o author_n meaning_n as_o my_o simple_a wit_n and_o knowledge_n can_v do_v it_o shall_v have_v content_v and_o satisfy_v the_o say_a sir_n edmonde_n only_o for_o his_o own_o private_a use_n and_o read_n but_o he_o be_v a_o man_n always_o studious_a not_o so_o much_o to_o pleasure_v himself_o as_o to_o benefit_n his_o country_n and_o also_o desirous_a to_o make_v all_o man_n partaker_n of_o such_o commodity_n as_o he_o himself_o alone_o or_o a_o few_o beside_o he_o may_v take_v by_o read_n of_o the_o same_o do_v afterward_o purpose_n to_o cause_v the_o say_a work_n to_o be_v print_v and_o although_o the_o rude_a and_o simple_a translation_n thereof_o may_v worthy_o have_v withdraw_v he_o from_o his_o say_a intent_n yet_o nevertheless_o consider_v what_o profitable_a thing_n be_v therein_o contain_v how_o wise_a and_o prudent_a counsel_n for_o all_o governor_n and_o captain_n be_v there_o declare_v how_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v for_o all_o time_n and_o season_n and_o especial_o for_o this_o our_o time_n wherein_o we_o now_o do_v live_v he_o think_v it_o better_a to_o cause_v the_o say_a work_n to_o be_v open_o set_v forth_o and_o publish_v although_o in_o a_o very_a base_a and_o homely_a stile_n then_o that_o this_o worthy_a author_n who_o not_o only_o the_o italian_n almain_n and_o frenchman_n but_o also_o many_o other_o nation_n have_v most_o diligent_o translate_v in_o their_o own_o peculiar_a language_n shall_v any_o long_o be_v hide_v and_o keep_v from_o all_o his_o native_a country_n man_n gevinge_v thereby_o occasion_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v think_v the_o say_a work_n to_o homely_a and_o base_o handle_v be_v yet_o as_o it_o be_v but_o hew_v out_o of_o the_o rough_a to_o plane_n and_o polish_a the_o same_o if_o they_o will_v be_v dispose_v more_o curious_o and_o to_o set_v it_o forth_o with_o fine_a and_o pure_a eloquence_n which_o thing_n so_o much_o the_o better_a may_v be_v do_v that_o the_o ice_n be_v now_o cut_v up_o before_o and_o the_o way_n make_v open_a which_o at_o the_o first_o may_v seem_v more_o hard_a and_o dangerous_a to_o pass_v the_o weak_a that_o any_o thing_n do_v appear_v the_o more_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a it_o be_v to_o seek_v for_o help_n and_o succour_v for_o the_o same_o the_o more_o simple_a that_o this_o translation_n be_v the_o more_o need_v it_o have_v of_o sure_a protection_n and_o defence_n wherefore_o when_o as_o sir_n edmonde_n brudenell_n the_o chief_a causer_n and_o doer_n in_o set_v forth_o of_o this_o work_n have_v confer_v together_o with_o i_o as_o concern_v the_o publish_n hereof_o and_o have_v not_o yet_o determine_v to_o who_o chief_o it_o may_v most_o convenient_o be_v dedicate_v your_o honour_n amongst_o all_o other_o come_v to_o our_o remembrance_n for_o many_o and_o sundry_a cause_n as_o most_o worthy_a of_o so_o excellent_a and_o pass_v knowledge_n therein_o contain_v not_o that_o these_o thing_n may_v seem_v unknown_a to_o your_o honour_n but_o be_v oversee_v peruse_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o same_o may_v more_o safe_o come_v abroad_o and_o thereby_o deserve_v the_o better_a favour_n and_o acceptation_n of_o all_o the_o reader_n thereof_o as_o allow_v of_o he_o who_o noble_a act_n as_o well_o within_o the_o realm_n as_o with_o out_o on_o every_o side_n have_v always_o from_o time_n to_o time_n so_o well_o appear_v please_v it_o your_o honour_n therefore_o to_o accept_v in_o good_a part_n this_o homely_a and_o simple_a work_n offer_v by_o we_o of_o very_o true_a and_o hearty_a love_n on_o sir_n edmondes_n behalf_n as_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o inward_a and_o unfeigned_a good_a will_n that_o he_o do_v bear_v towards_o your_o honour_n and_o on_o my_o behalf_n as_o a_o testimonial_a both_o of_o like_a good_a will_n and_o also_o of_o my_o very_a bind_a duty_n which_o now_o many_o year_n late_a pass_v have_v receive_v a_o liberal_a annuity_n or_o stipend_n of_o your_o honour_n whereby_o i_o have_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o express_v such_o poor_a knowledge_n as_o i_o have_v or_o at_o least_o my_o good_a will_n not_o only_o in_o set_v forth_o of_o this_o present_a work_n but_o also_o in_o that_o trade_n which_o i_o have_v profess_v a_o long_a time_n as_o i_o trust_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o also_o to_o the_o benefit_n and_o profit_n of_o my_o country_n and_o whereas_o here_o i_o have_v communicate_v the_o set_v forth_o of_o this_o treatise_n with_o he_o that_o have_v be_v the_o only_a and_o chief_a occasion_n of_o first_o take_v the_o same_o in_o hand_n i_o think_v he_o may_v of_o very_o right_a challenge_n the_o great_a commendation_n thereof_o if_o any_o be_v who_o aid_v i_o not_o only_o with_o his_o good_a advice_n but_o also_o with_o book_n which_o else_o where_o i_o can_v not_o have_v have_v for_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o the_o say_a translation_n and_o to_o speak_v unfeigned_o my_o own_o labour_n and_o travail_n can_v look_v for_o no_o manner_n of_o praise_n at_o all_o except_o peradventure_o the_o only_o commendation_n of_o painful_a and_o faithful_a diligence_n which_o as_o vegetius_n say_v himself_o be_v hâ—re_o more_o requisite_a than_o elegancye_n and_o fineness_n of_o word_n â–ª_o not_o add_a thereunto_o any_o thing_n of_o my_o own_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o paraphrast_n to_o dilate_v the_o matter_n more_o at_o large_a with_o a_o curious_a and_o eloquent_a stile_n but_o use_v only_o the_o office_n of_o a_o translator_n plain_o and_o compendious_o express_v so_o near_o as_o i_o can_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n wherefore_o if_o this_o my_o endeavour_n may_v be_v accept_v of_o your_o honour_n i_o think_v it_o a_o great_a commendation_n then_o either_o i_o can_v deserve_v or_o just_o look_v for_o as_o thereby_o much_o bolden_v and_o encourage_v to_o take_v like_o pain_n hereafter_o if_o good_a and_o meet_a occasion_n may_v serve_v thereunto_o from_o oundell_n the_o first_o day_n of_o october_n 1571._o your_o honour_n most_o humble_a faithful_a and_o continual_a orator_n john_n sadler_n a_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o difference_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n be_v apparent_a to_o all_o man_n how_o much_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v the_o other_o to_o be_v eschew_v except_o in_o some_o respect_n hereafter_o declare_v no_o man_n i_o think_v be_v ignorant_a it_o i_o shall_v but_o touch_v the_o gain_n &_o commodity_n of_o peace_n peace_n how_o quiet_o &_o pleasant_o man_n do_v live_v together_o how_o all_o thing_n on_o the_o earth_n do_v increase_v and_o multiply_v how_o wealth_n and_o riches_n do_v abound_v how_o all_o manner_n of_o science_n and_o good_a learning_n do_v flourish_v with_o other_o innumerable_a effect_n there_o of_o toil_a here_o now_o to_o be_v recite_v it_o will_v require_v a_o large_a and_o a_o great_a volume_n war_n not_o a_o short_a and_o compendious_a preface_n again_o how_o great-calamity_n and_o destruction_n through_o war_n have_v happen_v not_o only_o to_o city_n town_n and_o fortress_n but_o also_o to_o mighty_a prince_n with_o their_o army_n great_a multitude_n of_o people_n and_o whole_a nation_n &_o country_n a_o man_n may_v spend_v a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o time_n to_o read_v through_o the_o book_n that_o have_v be_v write_v thereof_o but_o the_o more_o commodious_a precious_a and_o necessary_a that_o pleasant_a and_o joyful_a name_n of_o peace_n be_v to_o be_v account_v so_o much_o more_o earnest_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o obtain_v and_o preserve_v the_o great_a danger_n harm_n and_o loss_n that_o be_v by_o war_n sustain_v the_o great_a heed_n
ordinance_n city_n may_v be_v defend_v chap._n xxix_o all_o kind_n of_o shot_n either_o pellet_n of_o lead_n or_o javeline_n short_a dart_n or_o long_a dart_n the_o high_a that_o they_o come_v down_o so_o much_o more_o violent_o they_o fall_v upon_o those_o that_o be_v under_o they_o arrow_n also_o shoot_v with_o bow_n and_o stone_n throw_v with_o hand_n sling_n or_o slingstave_n from_o how_o much_o the_o high_a place_n they_o be_v cast_v so_o much_o the_o deep_a do_v they_o pierce_v but_o balâ—stae_n and_o onagri_fw-la two_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n if_o they_o be_v wary_o discharge_v by_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a and_o cunning_a they_o do_v cut_v in_o sunder_o every_o thing_n they_o meet_v with_o and_o against_o this_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n can_v nothing_o be_v a_o sufficient_a defence_n â–ª_o for_o whatsoever_o it_o strike_v in_o manner_n of_o thunder_n it_o undo_v it_o &_o go_v through_o it_o ¶_o how_o you_o may_v know_v what_o height_n your_o ladder_n and_o other_o engine_n aught_o to_o be_v of_o chap._n xxx_o ladder_n and_o other_o engine_n do_v very_o much_o avail_v for_o the_o take_n of_o town_n wall_n if_o they_o be_v make_v of_o such_o height_n that_o they_o over_o reach_v the_o town_n the_o height_n of_o the_o town_n you_o may_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n for_o either_o may_v you_o tie_v a_o slender_a line_n to_o the_o one_o end_n of_o a_o arrow_n and_o so_o shoot_v it_o when_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n you_o may_v know_v the_o height_n of_o the_o wall_n or_o else_o when_o the_o son_n either_o set_v or_o rise_v do_v cast_v a_o shadow_n from_o the_o tower_n and_o wall_n to_o the_o earth_n then_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o that_o shadow_n thine_o enemy_n not_o know_v thereof_o and_o afterward_o stick_v up_o a_o pool_n ten_o foot_n high_a above_o the_o ground_n and_o measure_v likewise_o the_o shadow_n thereof_o the_o which_o be_v do_v you_o may_v easy_o know_v the_o height_n of_o the_o wall_n or_o town_n by_o proportion_n of_o the_o pool_n see_v that_o a_o body_n of_o this_o height_n cast_v a_o shadow_n of_o this_o or_o that_o length_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o set_v forth_o for_o the_o common_a commodity_n and_o profit_n as_o i_o suppose_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o ancient_a writer_n of_o chivalry_n have_v leave_v behind_o they_o and_o the_o latter_a age_n by_o experience_n have_v necessary_o find_v out_o touch_v the_o assault_n aâ—d_z defend_v of_o city_n marry_o this_o one_o thing_n i_o can_v to_o much_o warn_v you_o of_o that_o you_o provide_v diligent_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o scarcity_n of_o meat_n nor_o drink_v in_o your_o city_n besiege_v for_o that_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v remedy_v therefore_o the_o long_a time_n that_o you_o suppose_v y_fw-mi siege_n will_v endure_v so_o much_o the_o more_o victual_n must_v you_o lie_v up_o in_o your_o town_n ⸪_o and_o thus_o much_o the_o manner_n of_o war_n on_o land_n be_v declare_v sufficient_o with_o the_o mean_n of_o defend_v and_o assault_v of_o town_n i_o will_v consequent_o treat_v of_o war_n hold_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o ship_n and_o galley_n and_o first_o of_o y_fw-fr liburnian_a galley_n precept_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o sea._n chapter_n xxxj_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o land_n sufficient_o declare_v at_o your_o majesty_n commandment_n most_o mighty_a and_o worthy_a emperor_n the_o portion_n yet_o not_o speak_v of_o as_o i_o trow_v be_v of_o war_n upon_o the_o sea._n of_o the_o feat_n and_o cunning_a whereof_o the_o less_o therefore_o remain_v to_o be_v speak_v for_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v quiet_v now_o this_o good_a while_n we_o keep_v war_n with_o other_o strange_a nation_n upon_o the_o land_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o the_o worship_n and_o commodity_n of_o their_o great_a renown_n and_o not_o for_o any_o necessity_n grow_v by_o sudden_a commotion_n but_o least_o at_o any_o time_n it_o may_v suffer_v danger_n always_o have_v a_o army_n in_o readiness_n for_o no_o man_n dare_v geve_v occasion_n of_o war_n or_o do_v or_o offer_v any_o wrong_n to_o that_o kingdom_n or_o people_n who_o he_o know_v well_o provide_v and_o ready_o to_o withstand_v and_o to_o revenge_v the_o same_o therefore_o at_o misenun_n and_o ravenna_n city_n of_o italy_n at_o each_o there_o abide_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o you_o navy_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o leave_v the_o city_n undefended_a and_o when_o as_o occasion_v serve_v without_o delay_n or_o fetch_v much_o compass_n they_o may_v pass_v to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o misenates_n have_v lie_v hard_a upon_o they_o france_n spain_n the_o moor_n africa_n egipte_n sardine_n and_o cycil_n the_o ravennate_v use_v to_o pass_v with_o a_o straight_o course_n into_o epyrus_n macedonia_n achaia_n propontis_n pontis_fw-la east_n asia_n creta_n and_o cyprus_n and_o to_o these_o with_o most_o speed_n because_o in_o warrelye_o affair_n speediâ—es_n and_o swiftness_n do_v more_o avail_n than_o manhood_n ¶_o the_o name_n of_o the_o judge_n which_o govern_v the_o navye_n chap._n xxxii_o the_o chief_a captain_n of_o the_o navye_n of_o the_o misenate_n do_v govern_v the_o ship_n or_o galley_n which_o lie_v in_o campania_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o italy_n but_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o navye_n of_o the_o ravennate_v do_v keep_v they_o that_o rest_v in_o the_o sea_n call_v lonium_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o italy_n under_o the_o which_o there_o be_v appoint_v .10_o tribune_n in_o every_o band_n one_o but_o every_o gallye_o have_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v call_v navaâ—chus_n that_o be_v the_o master_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o ship_n who_o they_o call_v also_o navicularium_n a_o pilot_n or_o conductor_n of_o ship_n which_o beside_o other_o duty_n of_o mariner_n do_v careful_o and_o diligent_o every_o day_n help_v the_o governor_n and_o rower_n and_o further_a also_o with_o all_o possible_a industry_n all_o manner_n of_o exercise_n of_o the_o soldier_n ¶_o why_o the_o lyburnian_a galley_n be_v so_o call_v chap._n xxxiii_o diverse_a country_n at_o diverse_a and_o sundry_a time_n have_v be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v have_v diverse_a and_o sundry_a kind_n of_o ship_n but_o what_o time_n as_o augustus_n fight_v the_o battle_n at_o actium_n whereas_o antonye_n by_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o people_n of_o liburnia_n be_v chief_o overcome_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o so_o great_a a_o conflict_n that_o the_o liburnian_a ship_n be_v more_o fit_a for_o the_o war_n than_o other_o and_o according_a to_o the_o fashion_n of_o they_o do_v the_o roman_n emperor_n afterward_o build_v their_o navye_n borrow_v of_o they_o both_o their_o name_n and_o their_o likeness_n for_o liburnia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o country_n call_v dalmatia_n lie_v nigh_o to_o the_o city_n call_v â—adera_fw-mi after_o who_o example_n now_o the_o ship_n of_o war_n be_v build_v &_o be_v name_v liburnae_fw-la ¶_o with_o what_o diligence_n the_o galley_n or_o ship_n call_v liburnae_fw-la be_v make_v chap._n xxxiiii_o like_a as_o in_o build_v of_o house_n man_n seek_v diligent_o for_o good_a mortar_n and_o stone_n even_o so_o ought_v good_a stuff_n be_v seek_v for_o the_o frame_n and_o make_v of_o ship_n and_o so_o much_o rather_o because_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a if_o a_o ship_n be_v faltye_n than_o a_o house_n therefore_o if_o you_o will_v build_v a_o liburnian_a vessel_n choose_v chief_o to_o make_v it_o of_o cyprysse_n and_o pine_n tree_n larche_n &_o fir_n than_o any_o other_o timber_n and_o for_o your_o nail_n it_o be_v more_o profitable_a to_o have_v they_o of_o brass_n than_o iron_n although_o the_o cost_n be_v great_a for_o iron_n nail_n will_v soon_o be_v rusty_a with_o water_n and_o so_o consume_v but_o brazen_a nail_n for_o all_o the_o water_n do_v keep_v their_o natural_a substance_n still_o ¶_o what_o heed_n must_v be_v take_v in_o cut_v down_o of_o timber_n chap._n xxxv_o the_o timber_n whereof_o galley_n must_v be_v make_v ought_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o between_o the_o xv_o and_o the_o xxiii_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o this_o must_v especial_o be_v observe_v for_o none_o other_o but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v cut_v in_o these_o eight_o day_n will_v be_v free_a from_o worm_n and_o rot_v that_o which_o be_v upon_o any_o other_o day_n hew_v down_o within_o a_o year_n space_n will_v be_v worm_n eat_v and_o turn_v to_o dust_n and_o this_o do_v all_o carpenter_n know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o their_o skill_n and_o daily_a experience_n ¶_o in_o what_o month_n timber_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o chap._n xxxvi_o it_o be_v good_a cut_n of_o
which_o nevertheless_o may_v be_v use_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o shall_v seem_v expedient_a uâ—getius_n and_o as_o occasion_n may_v serve_v &_o time_n require_v wherefore_o whereas_o the_o whole_a work_n of_o vegetiuâ—_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o book_n i_o think_v it_o not_o unmeet_a to_o show_v brief_o what_o be_v chief_o entreat_v in_o every_o one_o of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o first_o book_n he_o set_v forth_o two_o thing_n principal_o book_n first_o the_o musteringe_a choose_v and_o appoint_v of_o young_a soldier_n where_o in_o he_o require_v of_o the_o chooser_n most_o faithful_a and_o painful_a diligence_n that_o they_o do_v circumspect_o consider_v and_o view_v not_o only_o the_o country_n and_o place_n where_o they_o be_v breed_v and_o bring_v up_o their_o age_n their_o staure_n their_o behaviour_n the_o good_a make_n &_o proportion_n of_o their_o body_n the_o quicken_v of_o their_o eye_n and_o countenance_n but_o also_o the_o trade_n and_o science_n wherein_o they_o have_v be_v most_o occupy_v &_o use_v their_o strength_n swiftness_n nimbleness_n &_o activity_n by_o which_o likelihood_n and_o token_n it_o may_v well_o appear_v which_o will_v be_v most_o meet_a for_o so_o great_a a_o work_n and_o in_o the_o well_o choose_v of_o these_o do_v consist_v the_o chief_a hope_n not_o only_o for_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o army_n but_o also_o for_o acchieve_v the_o victory_n second_o he_o set_v forth_o the_o train_v up_o of_o the_o young_a soldier_n well_o choose_v exercitio_fw-la with_o daily_a use_v and_o exercise_v whereupon_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v y_fw-mi a_o army_n in_o latin_a be_v call_v exercitus_fw-la to_o the_o intent_n it_o shall_v be_v ever_o in_o labour_n &_o practice_v and_o never_o forget_v to_o what_o end_n it_o be_v so_o name_v wherein_o he_o first_o show_v that_o they_o must_v learn_v and_o exercise_v to_o march_v in_o battle_n ray_n to_o run_v to_o leap_v to_o swim_v to_o strike_v handsome_o cunning_o to_o use_v all_o kind_n of_o weapon_n to_o shoot_v to_o cast_v dart_n to_o cast_v stone_n with_o sling_n or_o with_o hand_n to_o mount_v on_o horse_n to_o carry_v weight_n to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n to_o cast_v and_o scour_v trench_n with_o other_o kind_n of_o exercise_n to_o long_o here_o at_o this_o time_n to_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o second_o book_n he_o divide_v the_o feat_n of_o war_n into_o certain_a kind_n book_n he_o describe_v the_o part_n of_o a_o army_n which_o among_o diverse_a nation_n be_v divers_o name_v but_o the_o roman_n call_v they_o legion_n ab_fw-la eligendo_fw-la eligendo_fw-la which_o word_n he_o say_v require_v their_o faith_n and_o diligence_n by_o who_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v or_o refuse_v he_o sheweth_z how_o many_o cohort_n or_o band_n of_o soldier_n shall_v be_v in_o one_o legion_n how_o many_o or_o how_o few_o legion_n the_o roman_n use_v to_o lead_v in_o one_o army_n he_o set_v forth_o the_o name_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o host_n he_o declare_v the_o office_n of_o all_o the_o captain_n and_o governor_n the_o lieutenant_n the_o marshal_n the_o centurion_n peticaptaine_n and_o all_o other_o ruler_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n he_o describe_v the_o troop_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o as_o well_o the_o name_n as_o the_o office_n of_o the_o captain_n of_o every_o band_n many_o other_o thing_n also_o he_o touch_v concern_v the_o standard_n banner_n ensign_n and_o flag_n yea_o and_o the_o office_n of_o the_o trumpeter_n by_o who_o sound_n it_o be_v know_v when_o the_o soldier_n shall_v set_v forward_o to_o any_o work_n when_o they_o shall_v fight_v or_o stay_v when_o they_o shall_v follow_v the_o chase_n or_o when_o they_o shall_v retire_v thus_o with_o many_o other_o notable_a thing_n to_o be_v know_v and_o part_o with_o a_o vehement_a exhortation_n to_o the_o diligent_a exercise_n of_o the_o feat_n of_o war_n and_o partly_o with_o a_o brief_a rehearsal_n of_o certain_a tool_n and_o engine_n use_v to_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o army_n he_o conclude_v the_o second_o book_n in_o the_o third_o he_o teach_v how_o a_o army_n well_o appoint_v and_o instruct_v book_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a may_v now_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o field_n and_o join_v with_o the_o adversary_n but_o first_o he_o show_v how_o the_o health_n of_o the_o host_n shall_v be_v preserve_v what_o regard_n shall_v be_v have_v that_o grain_n forage_v and_o victual_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o and_o keep_v how_o the_o chief_a captain_n shall_v keep_v the_o soldier_n in_o quiet_a from_o sedition_n and_o uproar_n how_o wary_o and_o cyrcumspectlye_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v lead_v when_o at_o any_o time_n it_o remove_v how_o to_o pass_v river_n and_o other_o dangerous_a place_n how_o great_a consideration_n ought_v to_o be_v whether_o they_o shall_v fight_v in_o skirmish_n or_o set_v battle_n the_o chief_a captain_n great_a carefulness_n before_o they_o join_v battle_n in_o try_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n in_o choose_v ameete_a place_n for_o to_o fight_v in_o in_o set_v they_o in_o such_o order_n and_o array_n that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o overcome_v which_o thing_n for_o that_o they_o can_v be_v comprehend_v in_o few_o word_n and_o the_o author_n discourse_v of_o they_o at_o large_a in_o many_o chapter_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o self_n same_o author_n who_o do_v so_o perfect_o set_v forth_o such_o notable_a device_n and_o pollicye_n such_o skilfulness_n and_o knowledge_n such_o providence_n &_o wareness_n as_o aught_o to_o be_v in_o such_o a_o man_n to_o who_o the_o worthy_a honour_n of_o so_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n be_v ascribe_v that_o unto_o his_o fidelity_n virtue_n and_o manhood_n that_o i_o may_v here_o use_v the_o very_a word_n of_o vegetius_n the_o defence_n of_o city_n the_o life_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o renown_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n may_v safe_o be_v commit_v after_o these_o he_o declare_v certain_a general_a rule_n of_o war_n and_o so_o end_v his_o three_o book_n in_o the_o four_o book_n he_o treat_v of_o the_o besiege_v and_o defend_v of_o city_n book_n wherein_o he_o first_o speak_v of_o the_o build_n and_o fortefyinge_v of_o the_o same_o and_o what_o foresight_n shall_v be_v if_o a_o city_n be_v besiege_v that_o it_o suffer_v not_o famine_n what_o policy_n may_v be_v use_v if_o water_n salt_n string_n or_o cord_n and_o such_o like_a shall_v fail_v in_o the_o city_n he_o rehearse_v also_o a_o number_n of_o engine_n and_o much_o ordinance_n use_v in_o those_o day_n in_o the_o besiege_v of_o city_n the_o description_n whereof_o who_o so_o listen_v to_o know_v more_o at_o large_a let_v he_o read_v the_o ten_o and_o eleven_o book_n of_o robertus_fw-la valturius_fw-la also_o he_o give_v certain_a precept_n and_o rule_n of_o war_n upon_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o he_o show_v what_o kind_n of_o ship_n be_v most_o necessary_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o purpose_n and_o how_o diligent_o the_o same_o be_v make_v in_o what_o month_n and_o season_n of_o the_o year_n timber_n shall_v be_v fell_v he_o name_v and_o number_v the_o wind_n he_o show_v when_o it_o be_v good_a to_o sail_v &_o when_o not_o he_o speak_v of_o certain_a sign_n and_o token_n whereby_o mariner_n may_v foreknow_v fair_a weather_n or_o foul_a calm_a or_o tempest_n then_o describe_v certain_a armour_n and_o ordinance_n for_o ship_n he_o brief_o teach_v how_o to_o lie_v in_o wait_n and_o also_o how_o to_o join_v open_a battle_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o thus_o end_v he_o his_o four_o and_o last_o book_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o war_n in_o all_o which_o work_n brief_o and_o plain_o be_v contain_v not_o only_o as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o method_n or_o compendious_a way_n but_o also_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n and_o art_n of_o war_n to_o the_o which_o if_o painful_a diligence_n and_o experience_n be_v join_v pass_v what_o let_v shall_v be_v but_o that_o no_o less_o worthiness_n â—ud_a excellency_n appear_v in_o warrior_n of_o these_o our_o day_n then_o have_v be_v find_v in_o the_o most_o famous_a captain_n before_o our_o time_n to_o the_o which_o not_o experience_n alone_o bring_v they_o but_o diligent_a learning_n and_o study_v of_o the_o feat_n of_o war_n write_v and_o set_v forth_o both_o by_o historical_a writer_n &_o poet_n aâ—d_v by_o such_o also_o as_o this_o our_o present_a author_n vegetius_n be_v innumerable_a example_n may_v be_v here_o recite_v but_o pass_v over_o all_o the_o residue_n for_o shortness_n of_o time_n two_o of_o the_o chief_a may_v suffice_v great_a alexander_n the_o great_a who_o in_o short_a space_n subdue_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n have_v always_o the_o poet_n homer_n lay_v under_o his_o bed_n head_n in_o who_o he_o may_v behold_v the_o office_n as_o well_o
and_o coat_n of_o plate_n be_v more_o grevous_a than_o any_o kind_n of_o arrow_n when_o as_o unto_o those_o part_n which_o be_v whole_a and_o safe_a they_o do_v bring_v a_o deadly_a wound_n and_o without_o anoiance_n of_o blood_n the_o enemy_n be_v forthwith_o slay_v with_o the_o stroke_n of_o the_o stone_n very_a well_o know_v it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o battle_n of_o the_o old_a ancient_a man_n slinger_n have_v be_v allow_v and_o because_o to_o carry_v a_o sling_n be_v no_o labour_n at_o all_o every_o soldier_n therefore_o must_v often_o use_v this_o exercise_n for_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o stony_a place_n a_o skirmish_n may_v be_v have_v that_o some_o high_a ground_n or_o hill_n shall_v need_v defend_v that_o with_o stone_n and_o sling_n the_o foreign_a enemy_n must_v be_v drive_v from_o the_o assault_n of_o town_n and_o city_n ¶_o of_o the_o exercise_n of_o leaden_a plummet_n chapter_n xvij_o the_o exercise_n also_o of_o leaden_a of_o plummet_n which_o they_o call_v martiobarbulos_n as_o who_o say_v weapon_n of_o mars_n the_o god_n of_o battle_n shall_v be_v teach_v young_a soldier_n for_o not_o long_o ago_o in_o the_o illirian_a sea_n there_o be_v of_o late_a two_o legion_n to_o the_o number_a of_o six_o thousand_o who_o for_o that_o they_o handle_v these_o weapon_n manful_o and_o skilful_o be_v call_v martiobarbuli_n by_o these_o for_o a_o long_a space_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o war_n be_v very_o valiant_o end_v in_o so_o much_o that_o till_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n be_v emperor_n it_o be_v think_v good_a that_o these_o aforesaid_a for_o their_o prowess_n and_o manhood_n deserve_v worthy_o to_o be_v name_v martiobarbuli_n joviarii_n and_o herculiam_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v the_o champion_n of_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o hercules_n and_o they_o by_o commandment_n be_v prefer_v before_o other_o legion_n and_o their_o use_n be_v to_o carry_v five_o of_o these_o kind_n of_o plummette_n within_o their_o till_n which_o if_o the_o soldier_n can_v handsome_o and_o convenient_o cast_v they_o that_o wre_v arm_v with_o till_n seem_v in_o a_o manner_n to_o do_v as_o good_a service_n as_o those_o they_o call_v archer_n for_o they_o wound_n the_o enemy_n and_o gall_v their_o horse_n before_o they_o can_v come_v not_o only_o to_o fight_v hand_n to_o hand_n but_o also_o to_o the_o stroke_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o dart_n ¶_o how_o young_a soldier_n shall_v be_v exercise_v to_o vault_n or_o mount_n on_o horse_n chapter_n xviij_o not_o only_o of_o the_o young_a soldier_n but_o also_o of_o stipendary_n soldier_n the_o vault_a of_o horse_n have_v always_o be_v straight_o look_v to_o which_o use_v very_o have_v continue_v to_o this_o our_o age_n although_o they_o will_v have_v it_o seem_v now_o as_o though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o ▪_o horse_n of_o wood_n in_o winter_n be_v set_v in_o a_o house_n in_o summer_n in_o the_o open_a field_n upon_o these_o the_o young_a sort_n be_v compel_v to_o mount_n at_o the_o first_o without_o armour_n until_o with_o use_n and_o exercise_n they_o can_v do_v indifferent_o well_o afterward_o in_o their_o harness_n they_o be_v force_v to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o so_o great_a regard_n be_v there_o hereof_o that_o they_o learn_v not_o only_o on_o the_o right_a side_n but_o also_o on_o the_o left_a both_o to_o get_v of_o and_o on_o yea_o even_o with_o draw_v sword_n or_o long_a pole_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o here_o be_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o continual_a exercise_n that_o these_o which_o in_o peace_n have_v ply_v this_o practice_n so_o diligent_o when_o never_o so_o sudden_a a_o tumult_n be_v move_v in_o battle_n with_o the_o jest_n warn_v that_o can_v be_v can_v mount_n and_o horse_n themselves_o ¶_o that_o young_a soldier_n shall_v use_v to_o carry_v weight_o and_o burden_n chapter_n xix_o you_o shall_v often_o force_v the_o young_a soldier_n to_o take_v up_o a_o three_o score_n pound_n weight_n and_o to_o walk_v with_o the_o same_o a_o wont_a soldier_n space_n and_o needful_a be_v this_o for_o they_o who_o need_n oft_o compel_v in_o many_o a_o shrewd_a journey_n to_o carry_v victual_n and_o armour_n neither_o shall_v this_o be_v think_v a_o hard_a matter_n if_o great_a need_n so_o require_v for_o what_o can_v not_o daily_o exercise_v overcome_v and_o make_v at_o length_n very_o easy_a that_o this_o foresay_a kind_n of_o exercise_n the_o soldier_n of_o foretime_o have_v use_v the_o poet_n virgil_n witness_v in_o these_o word_n like_a as_o the_o roman_a fierce_a in_o arm_n like_a to_o his_o country_n guise_n which_o heavy_a burden_n on_o his_o back_n himself_o fast_o forward_o hyse_n and_o ready_a on_o his_o foe_n unwares_o do_v set_v in_o battle_n wise_a ¶_o what_o kind_n of_o armour_n soldier_n of_o old_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o use_v chapter_n twenty_o now_o be_v here_o fit_a place_n to_o show_v with_o what_o kind_n of_o armour_n and_o weapon_n the_o young_a soldier_n shall_v be_v furnish_v &_o fence_v but_o in_o this_o point_n the_o old_a custom_n be_v utter_o lay_v aside_o for_o although_o horseman_n in_o arm_n do_v good_a as_o we_o have_v of_o the_o gothians_n alane_n and_o hun_n for_o example_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o footman_n be_v naked_a and_o unarmed_a for_o after_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n be_v build_v unto_o worthy_a grecian_n time_n the_o army_n of_o footman_n be_v fence_v both_o with_o coarselette_n &_o head-piece_n but_o when_o the_o exercise_n of_o campus_n martius_n by_o negligence_n &_o slothfulness_n be_v give_v over_o and_o discontinue_v armour_n begone_v to_o seam_n heavy_a &_o be_v not_o wear_v oft_o of_o soldier_n therefore_o first_o they_o make_v a_o petition_n to_o the_o emperor_n that_o they_o may_v wear_v no_o more_o coarselette_n afterward_o that_o they_o may_v lay_v away_o their_o helmet_n and_o so_o when_o they_o shall_v go_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o gothians_n be_v naked_a of_o their_o breast_n &_o have_v nothing_o of_o their_o head_n they_o be_v oftentimes_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o archer_n vanquish_v &_o overcome_v and_o notwithstanding_o so_o many_o misfortune_n which_o have_v happen_v even_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o so_o mighty_a and_o great_a city_n no_o man_n have_v regard_n as_o yet_o to_o restore_v again_o to_o the_o footman_n either_o their_o coarselette_n or_o head-piece_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o naked_a man_n in_o the_o forward_a in_o danger_n ever_o of_o wound_v have_v great_a mind_n of_o fly_v than_o they_o have_v of_o fight_v what_o can_v a_o archer_n on_o foot_n do_v without_o harness_n without_o head_n piece_n which_o can_v not_o hold_v his_o bow_n and_o buckler_n both_o together_o what_o shall_v the_o standard_n bearer_n do_v in_o battle_n advance_v the_o ensign_n with_o their_o left_a hand_n &_o have_v nothing_o to_o save_v their_o head_n or_o their_o breast_n marry_o a_o footman_n perchance_o which_o seldom_o do_v exercise_n &_o handle_v his_o armour_n will_v think_v a_o breastplate_n troublesome_a &_o heavy_a howbeit_o by_o daily_a use_n he_o may_v well_o enough_o away_o withal_o which_o though_o it_o bear_v heavy_a thing_n yet_o never_o complain_v but_o they_o which_o will_v not_o take_v pain_n to_o carry_v ancient_a armour_n for_o their_o furniture_n shall_v unfurnysh_v bear_v the_o blow_n away_o and_o catch_v their_o death_n wound_n and_o that_o which_o be_v a_o great_a grief_n and_o more_o shameful_a to_o be_v speak_v of_o either_o become_v captive_a or_o betray_v their_o common_a wealth_n by_o run_v away_o so_o that_o eschew_v exercise_n and_o labour_n with_o the_o great_a shame_n that_o can_v be_v they_o be_v slay_v like_o beast_n wherefore_o be_v a_o host_n of_o footman_n of_o our_o ancestor_n aforetime_o call_v a_o wall_n but_o because_o the_o legion_n beside_o their_o till_n arm_v with_o dart_n or_o other_o shot_n make_v a_o goodly_a glister_a show_n also_o with_o coarselette_n and_o head-piece_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o archer_n be_v fence_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n with_o splence_n or_o gauntelette_n footman_n that_o have_v till_n beside_o their_o coarselette_n and_o head_n piece_n be_v also_o constrain_v to_o harness_n their_o right_a leg_n and_o thus_o be_v they_o arm_v which_o fight_v in_o the_o forefront_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o be_v call_v principes_fw-la as_o who_o faith_n the_o first_o and_o foremost_a to_o peril_n and_o they_o in_o the_o second_o order_n which_o be_v call_v hastate_n that_o be_v to_o say_v spear_n man_n and_o they_o in_o the_o third_o order_n call_v triarii_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v of_o the_o rear_n ward_n ready_a in_o the_o third_o place_n to_o fight_v but_o these_o triarii_n be_v wont_a to_o stoop_v and_o keep_v they_o within_o the_o fence_n of_o their_o till_n jest_n stand_v up_o they_o may_v be_v wound_v
triarian_n or_o soldier_n of_o the_o rearward_n be_v place_v with_o shield_n coarselet_n helmet_n be_v harniss_v on_o the_o leg_n have_v sword_n great_a dagger_n leaden_a plummette_n and_o two_o dart_n the_o which_o do_v rest_n kneel_v upon_o one_o knee_n that_o if_o the_o first_o battle_n be_v overcome_v these_o may_v repair_v and_o make_v up_o the_o battle_n again_o and_o set_v on_o the_o enemy_n a_o fresh_a and_o recover_v the_o victory_n but_o all_o the_o standard_n or_o banner_n bearer_n although_o they_o be_v footement_n have_v on_o coat_n of_o mail_n or_o plate_n of_o the_o light_a sort_n and_o helmet_n cover_v with_o bear_v skin_n to_o terrify_v and_o make_v afeard_a the_o enemy_n the_o centurion_n also_o have_v coarselette_n brigantine_n shield_n and_o helmet_n of_o steel_n but_o with_o crest_n overth_z warte_z and_o cover_v with_o silver_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o know_v of_o their_o soldier_n ¶_o now_o that_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v the_o complete_a harniss_v man_n stand_v as_o a_o wall_n chapter_n xvij_o this_o thing_n also_o must_v be_v know_v and_o diligent_o observe_v that_o in_o open_a war_n the_o first_o and_o second_o battle_n shall_v stand_v sure_a and_o unmoveable_a the_o soldier_n also_o of_o the_o rearward_n shall_v abide_v and_o rest_n the_o light_a arm_a soldier_n and_o terget_fw-la man_n archer_n slinger_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o be_v arm_v with_o light_n harnisse_fw-la shall_v go_v before_o the_o army_n and_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n and_o if_o they_o can_v put_v the_o enemy_n to_o flight_n they_o shall_v pursue_v they_o but_o if_o they_o be_v overmatch_v and_o overlay_v with_o the_o power_n and_o multitude_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o must_v retire_v to_o their_o own_o company_n and_o stand_v behind_o they_o but_o the_o complete_a arm_a man_n must_v receive_v the_o burn_v of_o the_o battle_n and_o stand_v as_o we_o say_v like_o a_o brazen_a wall_n and_o they_o must_v not_o only_o cast_v dart_n but_o also_o with_o sword_n fight_v near_a hand_n and_o if_o they_o put_v the_o enemy_n to_o flight_n these_o complete_a harniss_v man_n must_v not_o pursue_v they_o lest_o they_o shall_v disorder_v the_o band_n and_o break_v the_o battelraye_n and_o so_o the_o enemy_n return_v and_o sudden_o come_v upon_o they_o so_o disorder_v &_o scatter_v abroad_o may_v easy_o overcome_v they_o but_o the_o light_n arm_a man_n with_o the_o slingar_n archer_n and_o horseman_n must_v pursue_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o chase_n by_o this_o good_a order_n and_o diligent_a provision_n and_o circumspection_n this_o legion_n shall_v either_o easy_o vanquish_v their_o enemy_n or_o else_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o danger_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v overcome_v because_o it_o be_v necessary_o require_v in_o this_o company_n not_o without_o great_a cause_n either_o to_o geve_v back_o or_o fly_v themselves_o or_o pursue_v their_o enemy_n recul_v ¶_o the_o name_n of_o soldier_n and_o the_o order_n and_o degree_n shall_v be_v write_v in_o the_o shield_n chapter_n xviij_o but_o least_o soldier_n sometime_o in_o the_o hurly_o burly_o of_o a_o battle_n shall_v depart_v from_o their_o own_o company_n they_o do_v paint_v in_o diverse_a band_n diverse_a sign_n or_o mark_n in_o the_o shield_n which_o they_o call_v digmata_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v sign_n mark_n or_o token_n like_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v now_o a_o day_n moreover_o in_o the_o shield_n the_o name_n of_o every_o soldier_n be_v write_v with_o letter_n and_o also_o of_o what_o band_n every_o one_o be_v or_o of_o what_o hundred_o thereby_o by_o these_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o legion_n well_o furnish_v and_o order_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o most_o sure_o defence_v city_n which_o carry_v with_o it_o every_o where_o all_o thing_n necessary_a unto_o battle_n neither_o fear_v the_o sudden_a come_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o also_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o plain_a field_n can_v fortify_v itself_o quick_o with_o trench_n and_o bulwark_n which_o also_o have_v within_o itself_o all_o manner_n of_o warrior_n and_o furniture_n fit_v for_o the_o war_n therefore_o if_o any_o do_v covet_v in_o open_a battle_n to_o overcome_v the_o rub_n and_o barbarous_a people_n let_v he_o earnest_o desire_v &_o pray_v that_o according_a to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n and_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o victorious_a prince_n and_o the_o good_a guide_n &_o order_v of_o a_o valiant_a captain_n the_o army_n may_v be_v repair_v and_o make_v up_o again_o with_o young_a and_o fresh_a soldier_n and_o within_o short_a space_n young_a man_n be_v skilful_o pick_v out_o and_o exercise_v diligent_o every_o day_n both_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o after_o noon_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o martial_a affair_n and_o feat_n of_o war_n shall_v soon_o be_v equal_a to_o those_o old_a soldier_n which_o have_v subdue_v the_o whole_a world_n neither_o let_v your_o majesty_n be_v move_v oh_o caesar_n that_o the_o old_a custom_n which_o in_o time_n paste_n do_v flourish_v and_o be_v best_o like_v be_v now_o alter_v and_o change_v but_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o good_a provision_n &_o happy_a success_n consist_v in_o you_o that_o be_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n both_o to_o invent_v new_a thing_n and_o to_o restore_v the_o old_a every_o work_n seem_v hard_a before_o a_o man_n assay_v but_o if_o expert_a and_o politic_a man_n be_v appoint_v to_o pick_v out_o and_o choose_v soldier_n a_o army_n meet_v for_o the_o war_n may_v quick_o be_v gather_v and_o diligent_o instruct_v for_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v â—â—ought_v to_o pass_v by_o diligence_n and_o policy_n if_o sufficient_a and_o competent_a expense_n be_v allow_v ¶_o beside_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o body_n the_o cunning_a or_o knowledge_n of_o cypher_n and_o count_a must_v be_v regard_v in_o young_a soldier_n chapter_n xix_o but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o army_n there_o be_v many_o school_n and_o exercise_n of_o chivalry_n which_o do_v require_v cunning_a and_o expert_a soldier_n it_o be_v very_o expedient_a that_o they_o which_o do_v admit_v and_o allow_v the_o young_a soldier_n shall_v search_v out_o diligent_o and_o know_v in_o every_o one_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o stature_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o promptness_n of_o his_o mind_n but_o in_o certain_a the_o cunning_a of_o cypher_n and_o augurim_fw-la and_o exercise_v of_o reckon_v and_o cast_v account_n be_v require_v for_o the_o account_n of_o all_o the_o whole_a legion_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o the_o diligent_a service_n or_o of_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n or_o else_o of_o money_n be_v daily_o register_v in_o the_o act_n or_o chronicle_n with_o great_a diligence_n almost_o then_o the_o trade_n of_o victual_v or_o civil_a government_n be_v note_v in_o the_o register_n book_n of_o the_o city_n they_o note_v also_o the_o continual_a watch_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n also_o the_o ward_n on_o the_o day_n time_n and_o the_o charge_n or_o office_n in_o carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n amongst_o all_o the_o century_n and_o company_n what_o the_o soldier_n do_v by_o course_n that_o none_o be_v charge_v or_o burden_v more_o than_o be_v due_a and_o right_n or_o if_o any_o have_v liberty_n grant_v and_o be_v exempt_v the_o name_n of_o they_o which_o order_v their_o course_n be_v note_v in_o the_o book_n when_o any_o man_n have_v receive_v a_o passport_n and_o for_o how_o many_o day_n it_o be_v note_v in_o the_o abbridgemente_n for_o at_o that_o time_n a_o passport_n be_v grant_v very_o hardly_o except_o it_o be_v for_o most_o just_a and_o probable_a cause_n neither_o the_o soldier_n which_o be_v late_o begin_v and_o enter_v be_v assign_v to_o any_o certain_a service_n nor_o any_o private_a charge_n commit_v unto_o they_o for_o why_o it_o be_v not_o think_v meet_a and_o convenient_a that_o any_o soldier_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o chief_a captain_n which_o be_v find_v meat_n drink_n and_o clothing_n of_o the_o common_a provision_n shall_v attend_v upon_o private_a commodity_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v soldier_n appoint_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o chief_a judge_n &_o tribune_n and_o other_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n which_o be_v call_v accensi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v soldier_n appoint_v to_o be_v about_o great_a officer_n for_o when_o the_o legion_n be_v full_o make_v up_o &_o perfect_v these_o be_v add_v which_o now_o we_o do_v call_v supernumerarios_n above_o the_o just_a number_n and_o yet_o the_o very_a ordinary_a soldier_n do_v carry_v ferdel_n or_o bundle_n into_o the_o camp_n that_o be_v to_o say_v wood_n hay_o water_n and_o straw_n for_o of_o this_o they_o be_v call_v munifice_n because_o they_o do_v those_o commendable_a thing_n which_o they_o be_v charge_v withal_o ¶_o how_o soldier_n ought_v
be_v chief_o get_v by_o exercise_n and_o practice_v especial_o if_o they_o fight_v near_o at_o hand_n with_o sword_n but_o this_o be_v more_o weighty_a and_o needful_a that_o they_o learn_v in_o their_o play_a exercise_n to_o keep_v their_o order_n and_o that_o in_o so_o great_a stir_n and_o throng_n be_v use_v to_o the_o like_a in_o these_o exercise_n wherein_o they_o be_v first_o train_v and_o enter_v they_o do_v wait_v upon_o their_o own_o banner_n and_o ensign_n and_o that_o among_o the_o well_o train_v and_o expert_a soldier_n there_o be_v no_o error_n or_o disordre_fw-fr commit_v although_o in_o the_o common_a sort_n there_o may_v be_v very_o great_a confusion_n it_o be_v also_o very_o good_a that_o the_o young_a soldier_n be_v exercise_v with_o some_o post_n or_o stake_n where_o they_o may_v learn_v to_o strike_v at_o the_o side_n the_o leg_n and_o head_n either_o with_o the_o thrust_v or_o with_o right_a down_o stroke_n let_v they_o also_o accustom_v to_o leap_v and_o strike_v together_o to_o vault_n against_o their_o shield_n as_o if_o they_o be_v dance_v and_o skypppe_v down_o again_o sometime_o to_o run_v forward_o skip_v and_o leap_v and_o fetch_n of_o gambold_n sometime_o to_o step_v away_o quick_o and_o leap_v back_o again_o let_v they_o exercise_v also_o to_o throw_v dart_n a_o far_o of_o at_o the_o post_n or_o stake_n that_o they_o both_o may_v be_v more_o cunning_a in_o cast_v straight_a and_o more_o nimble_a and_o quick_a with_o the_o right_a hand_n but_o the_o archer_n and_o slinger_n do_v set_v up_o some_o broom_n for_o a_o mark_n or_o bundle_n of_o shrub_n or_o straw_n that_o stand_v six_o hundred_o foot_n from_o the_o mark_n oftentimes_o they_o may_v hit_v it_o with_o their_o arrow_n or_o with_o their_o stone_n level_v out_o of_o a_o sling_a staff_n therefore_o more_o bold_o they_o do_v that_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o before_o they_o have_v exercise_v in_o sport_n in_o the_o field_n they_o must_v also_o at_o all_o time_n accustom_v themselves_o that_o they_o swing_v the_o sling_n but_o once_o about_o the_o head_n only_o when_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o it_o and_o all_o the_o soldier_n do_v use_v with_o one_o hand_n to_o cast_v stone_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n which_o exercise_n be_v think_v more_o ready_a because_o it_o need_v not_o a_o sling_n they_o be_v also_o compel_v always_o and_o with_o continual_a exercise_n to_o cast_v dart_n or_o leaden_a plummet_n in_o so_o much_o that_o for_o the_o horseman_n in_o winter_n season_n large_a gallery_n be_v cover_v with_o tile_n or_o shingle_n which_o be_v cliff_n of_o wood_n or_o if_o they_o do_v fail_v with_o read_v flag_n or_o stubble_n or_o else_o straw_n and_o also_o certain_a large_a place_n make_v for_o the_o footman_n and_o cover_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o storm_n wind_n or_o foul_a weather_n the_o army_n be_v instruct_v and_o exercise_v with_o armour_n and_o weapon_n under_o covert_n but_o the_o other_o day_n in_o winter_n if_o snow_n and_o rain_n do_v cease_v they_o be_v compel_v to_o exercise_v they_o abroad_o in_o the_o field_n jest_n if_o this_o custom_n shall_v be_v leave_v of_o the_o mind_n and_o also_o the_o body_n of_o the_o soldier_n may_v be_v weaken_v at_o be_v good_a also_o that_o they_o use_v often_o to_o cut_v down_o wood_n to_o carry_v burden_n to_o leap_v over_o ditch_n to_o swim_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o river_n to_o walk_v a_o good_a round_a pace_n or_o to_o run_v yea_o although_o they_o be_v load_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o armour_n &_o other_o burden_n that_o daily_a labour_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n â–ª_o might_n not_o seem_v hard_a or_o painful_a in_o time_n of_o war_n therefore_o like_v as_o the_o whole_a legion_n be_v exercise_v even_o so_o the_o aid_n ought_v to_o be_v exercise_v daily_o for_o like_a as_o a_o well_o tryan_v and_o exercise_v soldier_n desire_v the_o battle_n even_o so_o the_o unexpert_a and_o ignorant_a do_v fear_v the_o same_o last_o of_o all_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o fight_n use_v and_o experience_n do_v avail_v more_o than_o force_n for_o if_o the_o teach_n to_o handle_v weapon_n do_v cease_v and_o cunning_a in_o feat_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o regard_v than_o a_o country_n clown_n be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o best_a soldier_n ¶_o example_n of_o exhortation_n and_o the_o exercise_n in_o warlike_a affair_n take_v of_o other_o art_n and_o science_n chapter_n xxiiij_o the_o wrestler_n the_o hunter_n the_o carter_n common_o for_o a_o small_a reward_n yea_o for_o favour_n of_o the_o common_a people_n use_v to_o keep_v and_o increase_v their_o cunning_a and_o knowledge_n with_o daily_a exercise_n much_o more_o it_o behove_v a_o soldier_n by_o who_o manhood_n and_o valiantness_n the_o common_a wealth_n be_v defend_v and_o preserve_v perfect_o to_o know_v and_o by_o continual_a exercise_n to_o retain_v and_o keep_v the_o cunning_a in_o martial_a affair_n and_o feat_n of_o war_n to_o who_o often_o chance_v not_o only_o a_o glorious_a victory_n but_o also_o proy_v of_o great_a price_n and_o who_o also_o both_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n and_o the_o good_a judgement_n of_o the_o general_a will_v advance_v to_o wealth_n and_o honour_n the_o cunning_a stage_n player_n do_v not_o leave_v of_o their_o exercise_n look_v only_o for_o praise_n and_o commendation_n of_o the_o common_a people_n a_o soldier_n then_o choose_v and_o admit_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o young_a soldier_n or_o a_o old_a ought_v not_o to_o cease_v discontinewe_v or_o be_v slack_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o chivalry_n who_o must_v fight_v both_o for_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o also_o for_o the_o liberty_n and_o safeguard_n of_o his_o country_n especial_o see_v there_o be_v a_o old_a and_o wise_a say_n that_o all_o manner_n of_o science_n doâ—_n consist_v in_o continual_a study_n and_o exercise_v ¶_o a_o rehearsal_n of_o iron_n tool_n and_o other_o engine_n of_o the_o legion_n chapter_n xxv_o a_o army_n also_o common_o vanquish_v and_o conquer_v the_o enemy_n not_o only_o through_o the_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n but_o also_o through_o diverse_a kind_n of_o iron_n tool_n and_o other_o engine_n first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o shot_n which_o no_o coat_n armooure_n nor_o till_n be_v able_a to_o abide_v for_o in_o every_o century_n or_o hundred_o they_o use_v to_o have_v a_o field_n piece_n the_o which_o a_o mule_n be_v appoint_v to_o draw_v and_o the_o company_n of_o one_o pavilion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v xi_o man_n be_v assign_v to_o address_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o same_o for_o the_o great_a these_o piece_n be_v the_o further_a and_o more_o strong_o they_o shoot_v the_o pellet_n and_o they_o not_o only_o defend_v the_o camp_n but_o also_o in_o the_o field_n they_o be_v plant_v behind_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o complete_a arm_a man_n the_o brunt_n and_o violence_n whereof_o neither_o yâ—_n horseman_n with_o coat_n of_o fence_n neither_o footman_n with_o their_o shield_n be_v able_a to_o withstand_v and_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o one_o legion_n lv_o field_n piece_n also_o ten_o great_a piece_n call_v onagri_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o every_o cohort_n one_o and_o they_o be_v carry_v in_o tilt_v cart_n with_o two_o ox_n that_o if_o by_o chance_n the_o enemy_n come_v to_o assault_v the_o rampire_n and_o bulwark_n the_o camp_n may_v be_v defend_v with_o arrow_n and_o pellet_n the_o legion_n also_o do_v carry_v with_o it_o boat_n make_v hollow_a of_o one_o piece_n of_o timber_n with_o very_o long_a cord_n and_o sometime_o also_o with_o iron_n chain_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v join_v together_o as_o they_o say_v all_o of_o one_o piece_n of_o timber_n and_o board_n join_v together_o and_o lay_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o both_o the_o footman_n and_o horseman_n safe_o pass_v over_o river_n which_o otherwise_o without_o bridge_n they_o can_v not_o pass_v over_o it_o have_v also_o iron_n clampe_v which_o they_o call_v lupos_fw-la and_o iron_n hook_v fasten_v to_o great_a long_a pole_n likewise_o it_o have_v for_o dispatch_v the_o work_n about_o the_o ditch_n and_o trench_n mattock_n spade_n shovel_n rake_n maunde_n basket_n chipax_n saw_n with_o the_o which_o stake_n and_o other_o stuff_n be_v square_v &_o sawen_z a_o sunder_o it_o have_v also_o artificer_n with_o all_o kind_n of_o iron_n tool_n which_o for_o the_o assault_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o enemy_n may_v make_v engine_n which_o they_o call_v testudines_fw-la and_o musculos_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v engine_n of_o war_n to_o beat_v down_o wall_n whereby_o they_o be_v defend_v which_o do_v approach_v the_o wall_n of_o a_o city_n besiege_v and_o arietes_n which_o be_v piece_n of_o ordinance_n
through_o the_o heaâ—e_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o weariness_n of_o their_o journey_n but_o rather_o in_o summer_n season_n y_fw-mi they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n whereunto_o they_o mean_v to_o travail_v before_o it_o be_v day_n that_o in_o cruel_a and_o can_v winter_z they_o travail_n not_o by_o night_n through_o frost_n and_o snow_n or_o sustain_v the_o scarcity_n or_o want_n of_o wood_n or_o little_a store_n of_o apparel_n for_o that_o soldier_n can_v neither_o be_v healthful_a nor_o fit_n for_o any_o voyage_n which_o be_v constrain_v to_o 〈◊〉_d for_o can_v neither_o let_v the_o army_n use_v noisome_a or_o 〈◊〉_d water_n for_o the_o drink_n that_o be_v make_v of_o naughty_a water_n be_v like_a to_o poison_v and_o breed_z the_o pestilence_n in_o those_o that_o drink_n it_o now_o as_o touch_v that_o any_o company_n of_o soldier_n be_v sick_a by_o any_o such_o chance_n may_v be_v refresh_v with_o convenient_a meat_n and_o heal_v with_o the_o help_n and_o cunning_n of_o y_fw-es physician_n the_o diligence_n of_o thâ—_z ruler_n and_o tribune_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o lieutenant_n himself_o which_o execute_v the_o great_a power_n shall_v be_v require_v hereunto_o for_o they_o be_v in_o very_o ill_a case_n upon_o who_o the_o necessity_n both_o of_o war_n and_o sickness_n do_v lie_v but_o the_o expert_a and_o cunning_a man_n in_o feat_n of_o war_n have_v think_v that_o daily_a exercise_n of_o arm_n can_v more_o avail_v to_o the_o health_n of_o soldier_n than_o physician_n can_v therefore_o they_o will_v have_v the_o footman_n in_o reign_n &_o snow_n continual_o to_o be_v exercise_v for_o health_n under_o covert_n at_o other_o time_n in_o the_o plain_a field_n â–ª_o likewise_o they_o command_v that_o the_o horseman_n shall_v daily_o exercise_v both_o themselves_o and_o their_o horse_n not_o only_o in_o the_o plain_a but_o also_o in_o most_o difficult_a passage_n as_o in_o steep_a down_o place_n &_o in_o the_o gape_n of_o ditch_n that_o nothing_o may_v happen_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o necessity_n of_o fight_n which_o they_o know_v not_o before_o whereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o how_o great_a study_n and_o diligence_n the_o army_n shall_v at_o all_o time_n be_v learn_v the_o knowledge_n of_o arm_n when_o as_o the_o use_n of_o labour_n both_o may_v get_v they_o health_n in_o their_o tent_n and_o victory_n in_o the_o battle_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harvest_n &_o summer_n if_o a_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n to_o tarry_v long_o in_o a_o place_n there_o must_v needs_o arise_v most_o hurtful_a sickness_n both_o of_o the_o infection_n of_o the_o water_n and_o smell_v of_o the_o very_a filth_n with_o corrupt_a breathe_n and_o naughty_a air_n which_o none_n other_o way_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o they_o but_o with_o often_o remove_v of_o the_o campe._n ¶_o with_o how_o great_a care_n and_o regard_n forage_n or_o grain_n ought_v to_o be_v provide_v and_o keep_v chap._n iij._n order_n do_v require_v that_o we_o shall_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o provision_n of_o forage_n &_o grain_n for_o scarcity_n do_v more_o consume_v a_o army_n then_o fight_v and_o hunger_n be_v more_o cruel_a than_o the_o sword_n moreover_o other_o casualtye_n be_v help_v in_o time_n but_o the_o provide_v of_o forage_n &_o victual_n have_v no_o help_n or_o remedy_n unless_o they_o be_v lay_v up_o before_o hand_n in_o any_o manner_n of_o enterprise_n this_o be_v one_o and_o the_o chief_a counsel_n y_fw-es thou_o army_n may_v have_v sufficient_a to_o live_v with_o that_o lack_n of_o necessary_a thing_n may_v weaken_v the_o enemy_n therefore_o before_o war_n be_v begin_v there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o wise_n and_o prudent_a device_n for_o money_n and_o other_o charge_n that_o forage_n grain_n &_o other_o victual_n which_o the_o old_a custom_n do_v require_v of_o foreigner_n may_v be_v gather_v in_o time_n and_o great_a store_n thereof_o then_o be_v sufficient_a always_o lay_v up_o in_o such_o place_n as_o be_v strong_o fence_v and_o most_o convenient_a to_o serve_v the_o turn_n if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o tribute_n or_o payment_n do_v fail_v all_o thing_n must_v be_v compass_v &_o get_v with_o money_n pay_v before_o hand_n for_o possession_n of_o riches_n be_v not_o without_o care_n except_o it_o be_v keep_v with_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o many_o time_n there_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o need_n &_o a_o sâ—ege_n oftentimes_o be_v long_o than_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v when_o as_o the_o enemy_n themselves_o be_v almost_o famish_v do_v not_o geve_v over_o to_o besiege_v they_o who_o they_o hope_v may_v be_v overcome_v with_o famine_n furthermore_o whatsoever_o cattle_n graiâ—e_v or_o wine_n the_o enemy_n that_o cause_v war_n can_v prevent_v and_o take_v to_o their_o own_o provision_n of_o victual_n the_o owner_n thereof_o not_o only_o be_v warn_v by_o public_a commandment_n but_o also_o constrain_v by_o choose_a searcher_n the_o fame_n must_v be_v bring_v to_o convenient_a hold_v and_o streng_z then_v with_o garrison_n of_o arm_a man_n or_o to_o safe_a and_o sure_o defence_v city_n and_o the_o foreign_a people_n must_v be_v call_v earnest_o upon_o to_o keep_v themselves_o and_o all_o that_o they_o â—â—ue_v within_o their_o wall_n before_o the_o enemy_n 〈◊〉_d enter_v in_o for_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o ordinance_n must_v be_v look_v too_o before_o for_o if_o the_o enemy_n do_v once_o prevent_v they_o be_v otherwise_o occupy_v every_o thing_n be_v disorder_v through_o fear_n and_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v to_o be_v demand_v of_o other_o city_n be_v always_o deny_v after_o that_o the_o passage_n be_v once_o stop_v but_o to_o keep_v those_o thing_n trustelye_o that_o may_v be_v save_v and_o to_o destribute_v they_o moderate_o be_v as_o good_a as_o if_o there_o be_v plenty_n namely_o if_o from_o the_o beginning_n they_o be_v well_o look_v to_o but_o it_o be_v to_o late_o to_o spare_v when_o nothing_o be_v remain_v in_o hard_a and_o dangerous_a voyage_n the_o ancient_a warrior_n do_v use_v to_o bestow_v the_o victual_n rather_o accord_v to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o soldier_n then_o to_o the_o worthiness_n of_o they_o so_o that_o after_o the_o necessity_n be_v past_a than_o recompense_n be_v make_v to_o those_o that_o be_v worthy_a of_o the_o common_a charge_n and_o cost_n in_o the_o winter_n the_o scarceness_n of_o wood_n and_o forage_n in_o summer_n the_o lack_n of_o water_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v but_o the_o want_n of_o grain_n wine_n and_o vinegar_n and_o also_o of_o salt_n at_o all_o time_n be_v to_o be_v shun_v so_o that_o such_o soldier_n as_o can_v do_v least_o service_n in_o the_o field_n shall_v defend_v the_o city_n and_o hold_v with_o armour_n arrow_n wringstave_n sling_n and_o also_o stone_n artillerye_o of_o all_o sort_n and_o chief_o we_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o the_o uncyrcumspecte_n simple_a foreign_a people_n confederate_a with_o we_o be_v not_o deceive_v by_o the_o craft_n and_o perjury_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o oftentimes_o deceitful_a covenant_n and_o feign_a peace_n have_v do_v more_o harm_n to_o such_o as_o be_v light_o of_o credit_n than_o the_o force_n of_o arm_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o be_v altogether_o do_v suffer_v hunger_n and_o if_o they_o be_v disperse_v they_o be_v easy_o onecome_v by_o such_o as_o every_o foot_n will_v be_v skirmish_v with_o they_o ¶_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o ought_v to_o foresee_v jest_n the_o soldier_n do_v make_v any_o stir_n or_o sedition_n chap._n four_o a_o army_n gather_v out_o of_o sundry_a place_n sometime_o do_v stir_v up_o sedition_n and_o uproar_n and_o when_o they_o be_v not_o will_v to_o fight_v they_o fain_o themselves_o to_o be_v angry_a to_o the_o intent_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v lead_v to_o battle_n which_o they_o chief_o do_v that_o live_v at_o home_o idle_o and_o deliciouslye_o for_o they_o which_o will_v shrink_v from_o fight_v run_v headlong_o into_o such_o desperateness_n because_o they_o be_v grieve_v with_o the_o sharpness_n of_o y_fw-es labour_n wherewith_o they_o be_v not_o acquaint_v which_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o voyage_n they_o must_v needs_o sustain_v and_o moreover_o because_o they_o be_v afraid_a to_o enter_v into_o battle_n to_o the_o which_o wound_n man_n have_v use_v to_o layemanye_n and_o diverse_a medecine_n that_o they_o may_v be_v hold_v while_o they_o be_v yet_o a_o sunder_o in_o their_o place_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o knowledge_n and_o exercise_n with_o most_o street_n sharpness_n of_o the_o tribune_n lieutenant_n and_o also_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_n of_o the_o army_n that_o they_o observe_v nothing_o else_o but_o their_o solemn_a vow_n and_o promise_n and_o that_o with_o discretion_n that_o they_o have_v no_o â—eysure_n to_o set_v their_o mind_n on_o pasporte_n let_v they_o use_v continual_o to_o
also_o wise_a and_o discrete_a man_n that_o all_o flattery_n set_v a_o part_n which_o be_v very_o hurtful_a he_o may_v know_v whether_o he_o or_o his_o enemy_n have_v the_o great_a number_n of_o fight_a man_n whether_o his_o man_n or_o the_o enemy_n be_v better_a arm_v &_o furnish_v with_o artillery_n which_o be_v most_o exercise_v and_o which_o in_o great_a danger_n be_v more_o valiant_a he_o must_v also_o inquire_v whether_o part_n have_v better_a horseman_n and_o whether_o better_a footman_n he_o must_v also_o know_v that_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o army_n do_v chief_o consist_v in_o the_o footman_n and_o among_o the_o horseman_n he_o must_v see_v which_o be_v best_a with_o the_o lance_n and_o which_o with_o the_o bow_n who_o have_v the_o best_a armour_n the_o best_a horse_n last_o of_o all_o whether_o the_o place_n in_o which_o they_o must_v fight_v be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o enemy_n then_o for_o themselves_o for_o if_o we_o delight_v in_o a_o host_n of_o horseman_n we_o must_v desire_v the_o plain_a field_n if_o in_o a_o host_n of_o footman_n we_o must_v choose_v such_o place_n as_o be_v narrow_a and_o straight_o environ_v and_o stop_v with_o ditch_n mariss_n and_o fen_n or_o with_o tree_n &_o sometime_o hilly_a place_n for_o the_o which_o army_n store_n of_o victual_n must_v be_v have_v rather_o to_o much_o then_o to_o little_a for_o hunger_n as_o man_n say_v do_v pinch_n inward_o and_o oftentimes_o do_v over_o come_v without_o diâ—te_n of_o sword_n but_o chief_o he_o must_v consult_v and_o deliberate_v whether_o it_o be_v more_o profitable_a to_o prolong_v the_o urgent_a necessity_n of_o battle_n or_o to_o fight_v it_o out_o of_o hand_n for_o sometime_o the_o adversary_n do_v hope_n that_o the_o voyage_n may_v soon_o be_v end_v and_o if_o it_o may_v be_v delay_v and_o long_o either_o the_o army_n be_v famish_v for_o lack_n of_o victual_n or_o be_v call_v away_o to_o their_o own_o through_o the_o love_n and_o desire_n that_o they_o have_v thereof_o or_o else_o have_v do_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o praise_n be_v compel_v to_o depart_v through_o despair_n then_o many_o discourage_v with_o pain_n and_o weariness_n do_v forsake_v he_o some_o betray_v he_o and_o some_o yield_v themselves_o to_o their_o enemy_n for_o in_o adversity_n faithfulness_n be_v rare_a and_o he_o that_o come_v wealthy_a now_o begin_v to_o be_v bare_a and_o needy_a it_o be_v profitable_a also_o to_o know_v what_o manner_n of_o man_n the_o adversary_n be_v what_o his_o companion_n be_v and_o leader_n whether_o they_o be_v rash_a and_o hasty_a or_o ware_n and_o circumspect_a whether_o they_o be_v hardy_a or_o fearful_a cunning_a in_o the_o feat_n of_o war_n or_o such_o as_o be_v wont_a to_o fight_v at_o all_o adventure_n what_o valiant_a people_n have_v fight_v with_o they_o what_o cowardly_a and_o fearful_a of_o what_o trustiness_n our_o aid_n be_v and_o of_o what_o force_n what_o courage_n his_o army_n be_v of_o and_o what_o also_o our_o host_n have_v and_o which_o part_n do_v more_o hope_n for_o the_o victory_n for_o by_o such_o cogitation_n manhood_n be_v either_o increase_v or_o diminish_v by_o the_o encourage_n of_o the_o captain_n even_o those_o which_o despair_n be_v much_o bolden_v &_o if_o he_o be_v not_o fearful_a they_o wax_v courageous_a if_o he_o have_v do_v any_o valiant_a act_n either_o by_o lay_v wait_n or_o by_o other_o occasion_n offer_v if_o thing_n go_v not_o well_o but_o fall_v out_o unluckelye_o with_o their_o enemy_n if_o he_o can_v vanquish_v any_o of_o his_o enemy_n either_o such_o as_o be_v weak_a or_o not_o so_o well_o arm_v but_o you_o must_v take_v diligent_a heed_n that_o you_o bring_v not_o forth_o the_o army_n to_o fight_v at_o any_o time_n if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a or_o fearful_a it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o know_v whether_o you_o have_v new_a soldier_n or_o old_a whether_o they_o have_v be_v some_o little_a time_n in_o war_n or_o have_v continue_v a_o good_a while_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o they_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o young_a soldier_n which_o have_v not_o fight_v a_o long_a season_n but_o when_o the_o legion_n aide_n or_o horseman_n do_v come_v from_o sundry_a place_n to_o we_o a_o noble_a and_o worthy_a captain_n ought_v to_o exercise_v every_o company_n several_o in_o all_o kind_n of_o weapon_n and_o artillery_n by_o the_o tribune_n or_o marishal_n thereto_o appoint_v who_o diligence_n he_o have_v try_v before_o and_o after_o ward_n shall_v exercise_v they_o gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n as_o though_o they_o shall_v fight_v in_o open_a battle_n he_o himself_o shall_v often_o try_v and_o prove_v what_o cunning_a they_o have_v what_o force_n how_o they_o agree_v together_o whether_o they_o can_v be_v ready_a at_o the_o sound_n or_o blow_v of_o the_o trumpet_n at_o the_o show_v of_o the_o ensign_n yea_o &_o at_o every_o beck_n and_o commandment_n if_o they_o do_v amiss_o in_o any_o point_n they_o must_v be_v exercise_v and_o instruct_v 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the_o chief_a praise_n of_o all_o other_o for_o whereas_o other_o prince_n have_v build_v one_o city_n a_o piece_n or_o few_o more_o your_o grace_n with_o continual_a labour_n have_v erect_v such_o a_o number_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v build_v not_o so_o much_o by_o man_n hand_n as_o by_o the_o will_n and_o work_n of_o god_n so_o you_o excel_v all_o other_o emperor_n in_o happiness_n of_o estate_n in_o temperance_n in_o chasteness_n of_o life_n in_o example_n to_o be_v follow_v and_o in_o the_o great_a love_n that_o you_o bear_v towards_o learning_n we_o see_v with_o oâ—r_a eye_n the_o goodness_n of_o your_o government_n and_o also_o of_o your_o good_a mind_n the_o which_o thing_n both_o they_o which_o have_v go_v before_o we_o do_v wish_v to_o enjoy_v and_o they_o whicht_v be_v yet_o to_o come_v desire_v to_o continue_v for_o ever_o by_o reason_n whereof_o we_o do_v rejoice_v that_o so_o great_a a_o jewel_n be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o either_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v desire_v or_o the_o bountiefulnes_n of_o god_n can_v geve_v and_o as_o for_o the_o build_n up_o and_o repair_v of_o wall_n how_o it_o have_v go_v forward_o through_o the_o good_a order_n devise_v by_o your_o grace_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n can_v show_v which_o by_o defend_v the_o tower_n capitolium_fw-la have_v save_v the_o citizen_n life_n that_o afterward_o it_o may_v with_o great_a glory_n obtain_v the_o dominion_n of_o all_o the_o world_n therefore_o for_o the_o accomplish_n of_o this_o work_n take_v in_o hand_n at_o the_o commaundeman_n of_o your_o majesty_n i_o will_v bring_v into_o order_n the_o device_n of_o sundry_a writer_n by_o the_o which_o both_o our_o own_o city_n may_v be_v defend_v and_o the_o city_n of_o our_o enemy_n overthrow_v neither_o shall_v it_o forthink_v i_o of_o my_o labour_n because_o these_o thing_n in_o time_n to_o come_v may_v be_v profitable_a to_o all_o man_n that_o city_n ought_v to_o be_v fence_v either_o with_o handworke_n or_o nature_n or_o both_o the_o first_o chapter_n city_n and_o castle_n be_v fence_v either_o by_o nature_n or_o with_o hand_n or_o else_o with_o both_o which_o be_v reckon_v the_o strong_a by_o nature_n as_o with_o the_o height_n or_o craggine_n of_o the_o place_n with_o the_o sea_n with_o fen_n or_o with_o river_n by_o hand_n as_o with_o ditch_n and_o wall_n in_o that_o benefit_n and_o help_n of_o nature_n the_o most_o safety_n consist_v in_o the_o wittiness_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o chooser_n in_o the_o plain_a ground_n full_a necessary_a be_v the_o diligent_a travail_n of_o the_o builder_n and_o we_o see_v some_o very_a ancient_a city_n so_o build_v in_o plain_n &_o open_a field_n that_o although_o the_o help_n of_o situation_n do_v fail_v yet_o with_o cunning_a and_o workmanship_n they_o be_v make_v invincible_a ¶_o that_o wales_n shall_v â—ot_n be_v make_v straight_o but_o with_o many_o coigne_n chapter_n two_o man_n in_o time_n past_a draw_v not_o in_o circuit_n of_o their_o wall_n straight_o lest_o they_o may_v be_v apt_a to_o receive_v the_o stroke_n of_o the_o batter_a ram_n but_o lay_v the_o foundation_n they_o enclose_v their_o city_n with_o many_o wyndinge_n &_o turn_n in_o and_o out_o and_o in_o the_o very_a corner_n do_v build_v many_o tower_n for_o this_o cause_n that_o if_o the_o enemy_n will_v set_v ladder_n or_o other_o engine_n unto_o a_o wall_n build_v after_o such_o order_n he_o may_v be_v beat_v down_o not_o only_o before_o but_o also_o on_o the_o side_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n behind_o as_o enclose_v in_o a_o lane_n or_o buy_v ¶_o after_o what_o sort_n earth_n may_v be_v heap_v up_o and_o join_v to_o a_o wall_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v beat_v down_o cap._n iij._n a_o wall_n which_o can_v never_o be_v throw_v down_o be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n make_v two_o wall_n on_o the_o town_n side_n of_o y_fw-es ditch_n a_o good_a way_n distant_a a_o sunder_o then_o cast_v between_o they_o that_o earth_n which_o yowe_o throw_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n and_o beat_v it_o down_o hard_a with_o beetle_n and_o weighty_a instrument_n so_o that_o that_o which_o be_v first_o and_o next_o to_o â—he_n utmoste_o stonewall_n be_v somewhat_o low_a than_o the_o stonewall_n itself_o and_o the_o second_o a_o good_a deal_n low_o than_o the_o first_o that_o from_o the_o city_n man_n may_v go_v up_o easy_o to_o the_o battlement_n as_o in_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o hill_n or_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o steiar_n a_o wall_n thus_o strengthen_v with_o earth_n can_v never_o be_v beat_v down_o with_o any_o ram_n and_o though_o the_o stone_n shall_v chance_v to_o be_v throw_v down_o yet_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o earth_n that_o be_v ram_v between_o the_o wall_n do_v withstand_v they_o that_o
profit_n and_o commodity_n for_o a_o city_n to_o have_v within_o the_o wall_n well_n and_o springe_n ever_o continue_v and_o endure_v if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n do_v not_o serve_v they_o must_v you_o dig_v pit_n of_o what_o deepness_n soever_o you_o think_v good_a and_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n with_o rope_n but_o some_o time_n the_o place_n which_o be_v fence_v with_o mountain_n &_o rock_n be_v more_o dry_a than_o other_o in_o such_o a_o case_n you_o may_v build_v a_o fort_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n &_o so_o shall_v you_o by_o dig_v find_v water_n and_o from_o of_o the_o fort_n defend_v it_o with_o dart_n or_o other_o shot_n appoint_v for_o the_o purpose_n that_o there_o may_v be_v free_a go_v and_o come_v for_o the_o fetch_n of_o water_n if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v without_o the_o cast_v of_o the_o dart_n &_o yet_o in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n under_o the_o city_n it_o be_v mete_v that_o a_o little_a fort_n which_o they_o call_v a_o blockehouse_n be_v build_v between_o the_o city_n and_o the_o springe_n and_o there_o to_o be_v place_v ordinance_n and_o archer_n that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v defend_v from_o the_o enemy_n moreover_o in_o all_o the_o public_a and_o common_a building_n of_o the_o city_n and_o in_o many_o private_a building_n there_o shall_v be_v cistern_n most_o diligent_o ordain_v that_o they_o may_v be_v receipt_n for_o rain_n water_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o house_n for_o thirst_n do_v seldom_o overcome_v they_o which_o in_o a_o siege_n have_v use_v water_n only_o for_o their_o drink_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o little_a ¶_o if_o â—ault_n shall_v fail_v in_o the_o city_n what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v chapter_n xj_o if_o the_o city_n stand_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o salt_n be_v want_v take_v water_n out_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o pour_v it_o into_o broad_a vessel_n and_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v turn_v to_o salt_n if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o enemy_n do_v stop_v thou_o from_o the_o water_n for_o that_o often_o time_n do_v chance_v then_o take_v the_o sand_n which_o the_o sea_n cast_v up_o and_o wash_v the_o same_o with_o fresh_a water_n and_o that_o water_n be_v dry_v will_v turn_v likewise_o into_o salt_n ¶_o what_o shall_v be_v do_v when_o the_o enemy_n do_v first_o assault_v the_o wall_n chapter_n twelve_o vuhat_o time_n as_o the_o assault_n be_v give_v to_o a_o castle_n or_o city_n great_a be_v the_o danger_n on_o both_o part_n but_o great_a be_v the_o bloodshed_n of_o they_o that_o geve_v the_o assault_n for_o they_o that_o covet_v to_o enter_v the_o wall_n with_o rerrible_a preparation_n show_v forth_o all_o their_o army_n and_o with_o noise_n of_o man_n and_o trumpet_n fray_v the_o town_n hope_v thereby_o to_o make_v it_o yield_v then_o the_o town_n man_n be_v astony_v at_o the_o first_o burn_v for_o fear_n dismay_v the_o unexercised_a if_o they_o know_v not_o the_o experience_n of_o such_o danger_n quick_o loose_v their_o city_n if_o the_o enemy_n set_v ladder_n to_o the_o wall_n if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o meeting_n the_o enemy_n be_v put_v back_o by_o bold_a and_o warlike_a man_n straight_a way_n the_o town_n man_n wax_v bold_a and_o then_o they_o fight_v not_o with_o fear_n but_o with_o courage_n &_o cunning_a ¶_o a_o rehearsal_n of_o engine_n with_o which_o the_o wall_n be_v assault_v chap._n xiij_o the_o engine_n that_o be_v set_v to_o wall_n be_v in_o latin_a call_v testudines_fw-la arietes_n falces_fw-la vineae_fw-la plutei_fw-la musculi_fw-la turres_n in_o english_a snail_n ram_n hook_n vine_n desk_n mouse_n turrettes_n of_o which_o particular_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o may_v be_v make_v by_o what_o manner_n cunning_a also_o they_o may_v fight_v or_o be_v drive_v back_o i_o will_v hereafter_o declare_v ¶_o of_o the_o batter_a ram_n the_o hook_n and_o the_o snail_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o engine_n call_v testudo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o snail_n be_v join_v together_o of_o timber_n and_o board_n which_o to_o keep_v away_o fire_n be_v cover_v witâ—_n leather_n or_o hearâ—clothes_n or_o any_o patch_a cloth_n this_o engine_n have_v within_o it_o a_o beam_n which_o be_v head_v with_o a_o crooked_a iron_n call_v falx_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o hook_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v draw_v stone_n out_o of_o the_o wall_n or_o else_o the_o head_n of_o the_o self_n same_o beam_n be_v cover_v all_o with_o iron_n and_o be_v name_v aries_n that_o be_v a_o ram_n either_o because_o it_o have_v a_o very_a hard_a forehead_n to_o cast_v down_o the_o wall_n or_o else_o because_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o ram_n it_o go_v backward_o to_o the_o intent_n it_o may_v strike_v with_o a_o more_o vehement_n force_n but_o testudo_fw-la have_v take_v that_o name_n of_o the_o form_n &_o similitude_n of_o the_o very_a snail_n in_o deed_n because_o like_a as_o the_o snail_n sometime_o pluck_v back_o her_o head_n sometime_o put_v it_o forth_o even_o â—o_o this_o engine_n sometime_o draw_v the_o beam_n back_o sometime_o thrust_v it_o out_o that_o it_o may_v strike_v with_o great_a power_n ¶_o of_o sheddes_n desk_n and_o countermure_n chap._n xv_o the_o engine_n name_v vinea_fw-la that_o be_v a_o vine_n be_v compact_a of_o light_a wood_n and_o it_o be_v viij_o foot_n high_a seven_o footâ—_n broad_a and_o xuj_o foot_n long_o the_o cover_v of_o it_o be_v double_a with_o board_n and_o hurdle_n the_o side_n also_o be_v hedge_v with_o rod_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v pierce_v with_o violence_n of_o stone_n and_o dart_n the_o out_o side_n be_v cover_v with_o raw_a &_o new_a hide_n or_o else_o with_o tyltclothe_n that_o it_o be_v not_o set_v on_o fire_n a_o number_n of_o these_o be_v join_v together_o in_o a_o row_n under_o the_o which_o the_o besieger_n be_v safe_a do_v pierce_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o wall_n to_o throw_v they_o down_o plutei_fw-la be_v call_v which_o after_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o compass_a vault_n or_o arch_n be_v compact_v of_o rod_n and_o cover_v above_o with_o heareclothe_n or_o leather_n and_o be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cart_n unto_o what_o part_n soever_o you_o will_v with_o three_o little_a wheel_n of_o the_o which_o one_o be_v set_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o two_o in_o the_o head_n or_o forepart_n these_o do_v the_o besieger_n bring_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o stand_v under_o they_o with_o arrow_n or_o sling_n or_o dart_n drive_v away_o the_o defender_n from_o the_o wall_n that_o they_o may_v better_o sâ—ale_v the_o wall_n with_o ladder_n but_o that_o that_o be_v call_v agger_fw-la or_o countermure_z be_v raise_v up_o of_o earth_n and_o wood_n against_o the_o wall_n from_o the_o which_o the_o dart_n be_v throw_v ¶_o of_o engine_n call_v musculi_fw-la chapter_n xuj_o mvsculi_fw-la be_v less_o engine_n with_o the_o which_o the_o man_n of_o war_n be_v cover_v if_o mire_n or_o the_o ditch_n of_o the_o city_n do_v hinder_v they_o do_v not_o only_o fill_v the_o same_o but_o also_o make_v it_o hard_a with_o stone_n wood_n and_o earth_n bring_v thereunto_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o movable_a tower_n may_v be_v join_v to_o the_o wall_n without_o any_o let_v or_o hindrance_n they_o be_v call_v musculi_fw-la of_o beast_n of_o the_o sea_n like_v unto_o mouse_n for_o like_a as_o they_o although_o they_o be_v lesser_a yet_o the_o aid_n and_o help_v the_o whale_n in_o go_v before_o they_o for_o dashinge_v against_o rock_n even_o so_o these_o lesser_a and_o short_a engine_n appoint_v to_o serve_v the_o great_a movable_a tower_n with_o wheel_n do_v prepare_v the_o way_n for_o their_o come_n and_o fortify_v the_o passage_n before_o they_o ¶_o of_o tower_n mouâ—ble_a chap._n xvij_o tower_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o engine_n join_v together_o of_o beam_n and_o board_n after_o the_o similitude_n of_o building_n and_o to_o keep_v so_o great_a a_o work_n from_o fyringe_n by_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v most_o diligent_o fence_v on_o all_o part_n with_o raw_a hide_n or_o tilt_n clothes_n for_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o breadth_n for_o sometime_o they_o be_v thirty_o foot_n broad_a by_o the_o square_n sometime_o xl_o or_o l._n but_o the_o tallenes_n or_o height_n must_v be_v such_o that_o they_o may_v pass_v in_o height_n not_o only_o the_o wall_n but_o also_o the_o tower_n of_o stone_n these_o tower_n must_v have_v many_o wheel_n cunning_o make_v by_o the_o easy_a roll_n of_o the_o which_o so_o great_a a_o frame_n may_v be_v move_v and_o it_o be_v present_a danger_n to_o the_o city_n if_o the_o tower_n come_v once_o to_o the_o wall_n for_o it_o have_v with_o it_o a_o number_n of_o ladder_n &_o diverse_a way_n
may_v set_v man_n into_o the_o town_n for_o in_o the_o low_a part_n it_o have_v the_o ram_n with_o the_o violence_n of_o which_o it_o beat_v down_o the_o wall_n about_o the_o middle_n it_o have_v a_o bridge_n make_v of_o two_o beam_n and_o hedge_v with_o rod_n which_o may_v quick_o be_v bring_v forth_o &_o set_v between_o the_o tower_n and_o the_o wall_n &_o the_o man_n of_o war_n go_v by_o the_o same_o out_o of_o the_o engine_n pass_v over_o into_o the_o city_n &_o take_v the_o wall_n in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o same_o tower_n be_v place_v pikeman_n and_o archer_n which_o from_o a_o high_a may_v overthrow_v the_o defender_n of_o the_o city_n with_o pike_n arrow_n and_o stone_n which_o be_v do_v the_o city_n be_v take_v without_o delay_n for_o what_o help_n do_v remain_v when_o as_o they_o which_o do_v trust_v to_o the_o height_n of_o their_o wall_n sudden_o behold_v above_o they_o a_o wall_n of_o their_o enemy_n high_a than_o they_o ¶_o how_o the_o movable_a tower_n may_v be_v set_v on_o fire_n chap._n xviii_o this_o evident_a and_o apparent_a danger_n many_o way_n may_v be_v resist_v first_o if_o your_o soldier_n be_v strong_a &_o bold_a a_o number_n may_v issue_v forth_o together_o and_o drive_v away_o the_o enemy_n pull_v of_o the_o leather_n and_o set_a fire_n on_o the_o tower_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o issue_v forth_o let_v they_o discharge_v the_o great_a artillery_n and_o such_o as_o they_o call_v malleoli_fw-la &_o phalaricae_n with_o fire_n shot_n that_o rent_v the_o hide_n or_o tyltclothe_n a_o sunder_o the_o flame_n may_v be_v hide_v inward_o malleoli_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v arrow_n which_o burn_v all_o where_o they_o light_v but_o phalarica_fw-la after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o javelin_n have_v a_o strong_a head_n of_o iron_n and_o between_o the_o hollowness_n or_o pipe_n thereof_o and_o the_o staff_n it_o be_v wrap_v round_o about_o with_o brimstone_n rosin_n pitch_n &_o tow_n soak_a in_o oil_n apt_a to_o burn_v the_o which_o be_v discharge_v level_a with_o the_o violence_n of_o your_o artillery_n break_v the_o cover_v and_o sâ—ickinge_v in_o the_o wood_n oftentimes_o burn_v the_o whole_a turret_n also_o you_o may_v let_v down_o man_n with_o roope_n when_o your_o enemy_n be_v a_o sâ—eape_n &_o with_o lantern_n privy_o hide_v burn_v theit_z engine_n and_o then_o pull_v they_o up_o again_o ¶_o how_o you_o may_v make_v your_o wall_n high_o chap._n nineteeen_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n to_o the_o which_o the_o engine_n come_v may_v be_v make_v high_o either_o with_o mortar_n and_o stone_n or_o with_o clay_n or_o brick_n or_o with_o bard_n and_o plank_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o the_o defender_n â—e_z oppress_v with_o the_o height_n of_o the_o turret_n and_o the_o turret_n be_v to_o low_a shall_v serve_v to_o no_o use_n but_o they_o that_o besiege_v town_n use_v oftentimes_o this_o policy_n first_o they_o build_v such_o a_o tower_n as_o may_v seem_v low_a than_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n afterward_o they_o make_v another_o little_a tower_n within_o of_o bourde_n and_o plank_n and_o when_o the_o tower_n be_v join_v to_o the_o wall_n sudden_o they_o put_v forth_o that_o little_a turret_n with_o roope_n and_o pullye_n out_o of_o the_o which_o the_o arm_a man_n go_v forth_o because_o it_o be_v high_a than_o the_o wall_n straight_o way_n take_v the_o city_n ¶_o by_o what_o mean_v the_o earth_n may_v be_v dig_v that_o the_o engine_n can_v do_v no_o harm_n chap._n xx_o sometime_o they_o do_v set_v long_o beam_n head_v with_o iron_n against_o the_o come_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o so_o keep_v of_o the_o same_o from_o the_o wall_n but_o when_o as_o the_o city_n of_o rhodes_n be_v besiege_v by_o enemy_n and_o they_o have_v make_v a_o tower_n with_o wheel_n above_o the_o height_n of_o all_o the_o wall_n and_o tower_n this_o remedy_n be_v invent_v by_o the_o wit_n of_o a_o certain_a craft_n man_n in_o the_o night_n he_o undermine_v the_o wall_n and_o that_o place_n to_o the_o which_o the_o day_n after_o the_o tower_n shall_v be_v remove_v he_o make_v hollow_a within_o cast_v out_o the_o earth_n none_o of_o the_o enemy_n perceive_v it_o so_o that_o when_o that_o great_a frame_n be_v drive_v and_o force_v forward_o with_o the_o wheel_n and_o come_v to_o the_o place_n which_o underneath_o be_v make_v hollow_a before_o straight_o way_n it_o sink_v the_o ground_n yield_n to_o so_o great_a a_o weight_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o come_v near_o in_o wall_n nor_o be_v move_v any_o further_a and_o by_o this_o mean_a the_o city_n be_v deliver_v and_o the_o engine_n leave_v behind_o ¶_o of_o ladder_n and_o the_o frame_n of_o timber_n with_o rope_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o sweape_n chap._n xxj_o vuhen_n the_o tower_n come_v to_o the_o wall_n by_o all_o mean_v possible_a they_o drive_v the_o enemy_n from_o the_o wall_n with_o stone_n dart_n arrow_n pellet_n &_o such_o like_a this_o be_v do_v and_o ladder_n set_v to_o the_o wall_n they_o take_v the_o city_n but_o they_o which_o do_v scale_v the_o wall_n with_o ladder_n many_o time_n sustain_v peril_n and_o danger_n after_o the_o example_n of_o capaneus_n by_o who_o this_o manner_n of_o assault_n with_o ladder_n be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o invent_v who_o be_v slay_v with_o so_o great_a violence_n by_o the_o theban_n that_o he_o be_v think_v to_o be_v destroy_v with_o thunder_n and_o therefore_o the_o besieger_n do_v enter_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o these_o engine_n call_v sambuca_fw-la exostra_fw-la and_o tolleno_fw-it that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o frame_n of_o timber_n &_o roope_n a_o bridge_n and_o a_o sweape_n sambuca_fw-la be_v call_v after_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o harp_n for_o like_a as_o in_o a_o harp_n there_o be_v string_n so_o in_o the_o beam_n which_o be_v next_o the_o tower_n be_v roope_n which_o do_v lose_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o bridge_n with_o pullye_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n that_o it_o may_v go_v upon_o the_o wall_n and_o straight_o way_n the_o man_n of_o war_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o tower_n onâ—_n go_v over_o upon_o it_o do_v invade_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n exostra_fw-la be_v that_o bridge_n which_o we_o speak_v of_o before_o which_o sudden_o be_v stretch_v forth_o of_o the_o tower_n unto_o the_o wall_n tolleno_fw-it be_v this_o when_o a_o beam_n be_v set_v fast_o and_o deep_a upon_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o which_o in_o the_o high_a top_n another_o beam_n be_v join_v overthwart_o long_o by_o the_o one_o half_a in_o measure_n so_o equal_o that_o when_o you_o pull_v down_o the_o one_o end_n the_o other_o rise_v up_o in_o the_o one_o end_n of_o this_o with_o hurdle_n and_o board_n be_v make_v room_n for_o a_o few_o man_n to_o stand_v in_o then_o pull_v the_o one_o end_n down_o with_o roope_n you_o lift_v up_o the_o other_o end_n &_o so_o set_v your_o man_n upon_o the_o wall_n ¶_o of_o the_o lesser_a kind_n of_o ordinance_n call_v balista_n of_o the_o great_a name_v onager_fw-la of_o that_o which_o be_v call_v scorpio_n of_o crossbow_n call_v arcubalistae_n of_o slingstave_n and_o sling_n by_o the_o which_o the_o wall_n be_v defend_v â–ª_o chap._n xxij_o against_o these_o incommoditye_n such_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n defend_v they_o that_o be_v besiege_v balistae_fw-la a_o lesser_a kind_n of_o ordinance_n onagrâ—_n a_o great_a also_o that_o which_o be_v call_v scorpio_n arcubalistae_n crossbow_n fustibali_n slingstave_n archer_n and_o sling_n balista_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n bend_v with_o rope_n or_o cord_n the_o which_o the_o long_a and_o great_a that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o further_o it_o cast_v y_fw-mi shoot_v and_o this_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n if_o it_o be_v cunning_o frame_v and_o afterward_o discharge_v by_o skilful_a man_n that_o know_v the_o reech_n and_o compass_v of_o it_o do_v pierce_v through_o whatsoever_o it_o strike_v that_o which_o be_v name_v onager_fw-la serve_v to_o shoot_v stone_n withal_o and_o because_o the_o roope_n of_o it_o be_v great_a therefore_o the_o stone_n be_v mighty_a that_o it_o cast_v for_o the_o great_a and_o large_a the_o engine_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a stone_n it_o hurl_v in_o manner_n of_o thunder_n there_o be_v no_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n more_o violent_a than_o these_o two_o sort_n scorpiones_fw-la be_v call_v in_o the_o old_a time_n such_o as_o now_o we_o term_v manubalistae_n so_o name_v because_o that_o with_o small_a arrow_n they_o kill_v man_n i_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o declare_v fustibalistas_n arcubalistas_n &_o fundas_fw-la which_o experience_n at_o this_o present_a know_v well_o enough_o the_o ordinance_n that_o i_o name_v onager_fw-la if_o it_o shoot_v mighty_a stone_n do_v not_o only_o
overthrow_v horseman_n and_o footman_n but_o also_o break_v the_o engine_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o sunder_o ¶_o against_o the_o engine_n name_v a_o ram_n be_v flockebedde_n or_o matress_n very_o good_a also_o roope_n and_o great_a pillar_n chapter_n xxiij_o against_o the_o batter_a ram_n or_o hook_n there_o be_v many_o help_n and_o remedy_n for_o some_o with_o cord_n let_v down_o their_o tiltclothe_n and_o other_o patch_a gear_n and_o mattress_n and_o so_o let_v they_o hang_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o ram_n do_v beat_v that_o the_o violence_n and_o force_n of_o the_o engine_n may_v be_v break_v with_o the_o softness_n of_o these_o and_o not_o throw_v down_o the_o wall_n some_o other_o with_o a_o number_n of_o man_n do_v from_o the_o wall_n catch_v the_o ram_n with_o roope_n and_o draw_v it_o a_o side_n overthrow_v it_o many_o use_n to_o tie_v unto_o roope_n a_o piece_n of_o iron_n much_o like_o unto_o a_o pair_n of_o shear_n full_a of_o tooth_n which_o they_o call_v lupum_fw-la and_o so_o either_o they_o do_v overthrow_v the_o ram_n catch_v with_o the_o same_o or_o else_o lift_v it_o up_o that_o it_o have_v no_o force_n to_o strike_v sometime_o they_o throw_v down_o huge_a stone_n of_o marble_n or_o other_o of_o like_a hardness_n from_o the_o wall_n and_o all_o to_o break_v the_o ram_n if_o the_o force_n of_o the_o ram_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o shall_v beat_v through_o the_o wall_n and_o cast_v it_o down_o as_o oftentimes_o it_o chance_v then_o be_v there_o none_o other_o help_n but_o to_o pull_v down_o your_o house_n and_o make_v another_o wall_n within_o &_o so_o between_o two_o wall_n to_o slay_v your_o enemy_n if_o they_o break_v in_o ¶_o of_o undermine_v and_o throw_v down_o wall_n that_o way_n chap._n twenty-four_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o assault_n that_o be_v under_o y_fw-es earth_n and_o privy_n which_o be_v call_v undermininge_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v this_o a_o number_n of_o pioneer_n dig_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o miner_n do_v and_o make_v a_o trenchâ—_n by_o that_o mean_n seek_v to_o destroy_v the_o city_n the_o which_o by_o two_o way_n they_o bring_v to_o pass_v for_o either_o they_o do_v enter_v the_o city_n and_o by_o night_n when_o the_o town_n man_n be_v not_o ware_n of_o it_o do_v issue_n out_o of_o their_o trench_n and_o unlockinge_v the_o gate_n let_v in_o their_o own_o army_n and_o slay_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o house_n at_o unwares_o or_o else_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o wall_n they_o dig_v under_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o and_o with_o dry_a timber_n underset_v it_o that_o for_o a_o while_o it_o may_v not_o fall_v afterward_o they_o lie_v many_o faggot_n and_o such_o like_a dry_a fuel_n about_o it_o and_o have_v place_v their_o soldier_n in_o array_n they_o set_v fire_n to_o it_o so_o that_o the_o pillar_n of_o wood_n and_o board_n be_v burn_v and_o the_o wall_n there_o with_o fall_v sudden_o they_o have_v a_o way_n lay_v open_a for_o they_o to_o burst_v in_o at_o ¶_o what_o the_o town_n man_n oughe_o to_o do_v if_o the_o enemy_n burst_v into_o the_o city_n chap._n twenty-five_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o infinite_a example_n that_o they_o which_o have_v enter_v their_o enemy_n city_n oftentimes_o have_v be_v so_o slay_v that_o not_o one_o have_v escape_v which_o thing_n without_o doubt_n do_v come_v to_o pass_v if_o the_o town_n man_n do_v keep_v their_o wall_n and_o tower_n or_o take_v first_o the_o high_a place_n for_o then_o such_o as_o be_v of_o age_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n do_v overwhelm_v with_o stone_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o weapon_n such_o as_o do_v break_v in_o the_o which_o to_o avoid_v wise_a captain_n set_v open_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n to_o intent_n that_o have_a leave_n to_o depart_v they_o may_v not_o resist_v for_o desperation_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v a_o necessary_a enforcement_n to_o manhood_n the_o town_n man_n have_v only_o this_o help_n whether_o the_o enemy_n enter_v by_o day_n or_o by_o night_n to_o hold_v and_o keep_v their_o wall_n and_o tower_n and_o to_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o high_a place_n and_o so_o to_o overthrow_v their_o enemy_n on_o every_o side_n in_o all_o the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n ¶_o what_o heed_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v jest_n the_o enemy_n privy_o take_v the_o wall_n chap._n xxuj_o many_o time_n in_o besieger_n do_v invent_v some_o guile_n or_o craft_n and_o by_o a_o counterfeit_n desperation_n depart_v a_o good_a way_n of_o but_o when_o as_o after_o fear_n be_v past_a the_o unheedefull_a and_o careless_a town_n man_n have_v take_v rest_n watch_v of_o the_o wall_n be_v give_v over_o the_o enemy_n come_v privy_o with_o ladder_n take_v occasion_n of_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n and_o so_o climb_v the_o wall_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o great_a and_o more_o diligent_a heed_n must_v be_v have_v when_o as_o the_o enemy_n be_v go_v away_o and_o in_o the_o very_a wall_n and_o tower_n ought_v small_a cabin_n to_o be_v make_v in_o which_o the_o watch_n man_n in_o winter_n season_n may_v be_v defend_v from_o shower_n and_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n this_o thing_n also_o experience_n have_v find_v that_o in_o the_o tower_n be_v good_a to_o keep_v fierce_a dog_n and_o quick_a of_o smell_v which_o can_v perceive_v the_o come_n of_o the_o enemy_n by_o the_o scent_n and_o geve_v warning_n thereof_o by_o bark_v also_o goose_n by_o like_a skill_n of_o nature_n declare_v by_o their_o cry_n the_o sudden_a invasion_n of_o the_o enemy_n by_o night_n for_o the_o french_a man_n enter_v into_o the_o chief_a tower_n or_o palace_n of_o rome_n call_v capitolium_fw-la have_v for_o ever_o blot_v out_o the_o name_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v not_o manlius_n withstand_v they_o be_v raise_v up_o with_o the_o cry_v of_o goose_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o one_o goose_n they_o be_v save_v which_o afterward_o subdue_v the_o whole_a world_n ¶_o how_o the_o townâ—s_a man_n may_v be_v deceive_v chap._n xxvii_o above_o all_o thing_n it_o be_v count_v the_o great_a matter_n not_o only_o in_o siege_n but_o even_o in_o all_o kind_n of_o war_n to_o spy_v out_o and_o know_v diligent_o the_o custom_n and_o use_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o you_o can_v convenient_o by_o lay_v wait_n for_o they_o deceive_v they_o except_o you_o know_v at_o what_o hour_n they_o cease_v from_o their_o labour_n and_o at_o what_o time_n they_o be_v less_o circumspect_a whether_o at_o none_o or_o towards_o even_o or_o in_o the_o night_n or_o at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o eat_v their_o meat_n when_o as_o y_fw-es soldier_n of_o both_o side_n be_v disperse_v to_o take_v their_o rest_n and_o to_o refresh_v their_o body_n which_o thing_n when_o the_o besieger_n perceive_v subtle_o they_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o battle_n that_o they_o may_v geve_v free_a liberty_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v very_o negligent_a which_o negligence_n what_o time_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v great_a for_o that_o they_o fear_v nothing_o than_o the_o besieger_n shall_v sudden_o bring_v their_o engine_n and_o ladder_n to_o the_o wall_n and_o take_v the_o city_n therefore_o in_o the_o wall_n the_o town_n man_n ought_v to_o have_v stone_n and_o ordinance_n in_o a_o readiness_n to_o the_o end_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o deceit_n be_v know_v they_o may_v resist_v and_o have_v at_o hand_n such_o thing_n as_o they_o may_v roll_n and_o cast_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o their_o enemy_n ¶_o what_o the_o besieger_n ought_v to_o do_v that_o they_o be_v not_o entrap_v of_o the_o town_n man_n chap._n xxviii_o if_o the_o besieger_n likewise_o be_v negligent_a they_o be_v as_o soon_o catch_v by_o deceit_n as_o the_o other_o for_o whether_o they_o be_v occupy_v at_o meat_n or_o sleep_v or_o else_o scatter_v a_o sunder_o through_o idleness_n or_o any_o other_o necessity_n then_o the_o town_n man_n sudden_o rush_v forth_o they_o slay_v they_o ere_o they_o be_v aware_a set_v on_o fire_n their_o engine_n ram_n and_o the_o very_a countermur_n and_o overthrow_v all_o the_o work_n that_o be_v make_v against_o they_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o besieger_n do_v make_v a_o trench_n a_o stone_n cast_v of_o and_o so_o furnish_v the_o same_o not_o only_o with_o a_o pale_a and_o stake_n but_o also_o with_o turrette_n and_o fortress_n that_o they_o may_v easy_o withstand_v they_o that_o issue_n forth_o of_o the_o city_n which_o work_n they_o call_v loriculam_fw-la and_o oftentimes_o when_o a_o siege_n be_v describe_v in_o any_o history_n you_o shall_v read_v that_o this_o or_o that_o town_n be_v compass_v round_o about_o with_o this_o paleworke_n call_v loricula_fw-la ¶_o with_o what_o kind_n of_o
of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chief_a tribune_n or_o colonel_n cap._n 12._o of_o the_o century_n or_o hundred_o of_o the_o footman_n and_o of_o their_o ensign_n penoncel_n or_o banner_n chap._n 13._o of_o the_o troop_n of_o the_o legionarye_a horseman_n call_v turmae_fw-la chap._n 14._o after_o what_o sort_n the_o legion_n shall_v be_v set_v in_o order_n chap._n 15._o after_o what_o manner_n the_o triarian_n and_o also_o the_o centurion_n shall_v be_v arm_v chap._n 16._o how_o that_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v the_o complete_a harness_a man_n stand_v as_o a_o wall_n chap_n 17._o the_o name_n of_o soldier_n and_o other_o order_n and_o degree_n shall_v be_v write_v in_o the_o shield_n chap_n 18._o beside_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o body_n a'n_z cunning_a or_o knowledge_n of_o cypher_n and_o count_a must_v be_v regard_v in_o soldier_n chap._n 19_o how_o soldier_n ought_v to_o put_v aside_o the_o half_a part_n of_o any_o gift_n in_o money_n or_o other_o thing_n give_v they_o into_o the_o keep_v of_o such_o as_o be_v standard_n bearer_n chap._n 20._o promotion_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o legion_n be_v so_o dispose_v and_o order_v that_o none_o be_v advance_v thereto_o before_o he_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o 10._o band_n or_o company_n of_o the_o legion_n chapter_n 21._o what_o difference_n be_v between_o trumpeter_n blower_n of_o horn_n or_o shawm_n and_o such_o like_a chap._n 22._o of_o the_o exercise_n of_o soldier_n chap._n 23._o example_n of_o exhortation_n and_o the_o exercise_n in_o warlike_a affair_n take_v out_o of_o other_o art_n and_o science_n chap._n 24._o a_o rehearsal_n of_o iron_n tool_n and_o other_o engine_n of_o the_o legion_n chap_n 25._o the_o three_o book_n vuhat_o manner_n or_o of_o what_o number_n a_o army_n shall_v be_v of_o chap._n 1._o after_o what_o manner_n the_o health_n of_o a_o â—rmre_n shall_v be_v maintain_v â–ª_o chap_n 2._o with_o how_o great_a care_n &_o regard_n forage_n and_o grain_n ought_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o and_o keep_v cap_n 3._o after_o what_o manner_n we_o ought_v to_o foresee_v least_o the_o soldier_n do_v make_v any_o stir_n or_o sedition_n chap_n 4._o how_o many_o kind_n there_o be_v of_o engine_n of_o war_n cap._n 5._o how_o great_a subtlety_n ought_v to_o be_v use_v when_o a_o army_n be_v remove_v the_o enemy_n be_v nigh_o chap._n 6._o after_o what_o manner_n great_a river_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o cap._n 7._o after_o what_o manner_n a_o camp_n shall_v be_v place_v chap_n 8._o what_o manner_n and_o how_o great_a thing_n shall_v be_v consider_v to_o understand_v whether_o we_o ought_v to_o fight_v with_o skirmishinge_v or_o with_o open_a battle_n chap._n 9_o what_o must_v be_v do_v if_o a_o captain_n have_v a_o army_n out_o of_o use_n of_o fight_v or_o a_o army_n of_o young_a soldier_n chap._n 10_o what_o thing_n shall_v be_v do_v the_o same_o day_n that_o the_o open_a or_o set_v battle_n shall_v be_v join_v chap._n 11._o we_o must_v diligent_o search_v out_o what_o mind_n the_o soldier_n be_v of_o when_o they_o shall_v fight_v chap._n 12._o how_o a_o meet_a place_n shall_v be_v choose_v to_o fight_v in_o cap._n 13._o how_o a_o army_n may_v be_v set_v in_o order_n that_o in_o the_o battle_n it_o may_v be_v invincible_a or_o not_o easy_o overcome_v cap._n 14._o the_o manner_n of_o measure_v by_o the_o foot_n how_o much_o space_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v be_v between_o every_o man_n in_o length_n or_o in_o breadth_n and_o how_o much_o betwixt_o every_o rank_n chap._n 15._o how_o to_o set_v the_o horseman_n in_o order_n cap._n 16._o of_o â—ydes_n or_o rescue_v which_o be_v place_v after_o the_o battle_n chap._n 17._o in_o which_o place_n the_o first_o aâ—d_z chief_a captain_n ought_v to_o stand_v in_o which_o the_o second_o and_o in_o which_o the_o three_o cap._n 18._o with_o what_o mean_v the_o valiantness_n and_o deceit_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o battle_n may_v be_v withstand_v and_o prevent_v chap._n 19_o how_o many_o kind_n or_o way_n a_o open_a or_o set_v battle_n be_v join_v and_o how_o also_o that_o army_n which_o be_v less_o in_o number_n and_o strength_n may_v obtain_v the_o victory_n chap._n 20._o that_o a_o way_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n to_o depart_v that_o they_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v destroy_v in_o fly_v away_o chap._n 21._o after_o what_o manner_n you_o may_v depart_v from_o the_o enemy_n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_v of_o your_o purpose_a battle_n chap._n 22._o of_o camel_n and_o man_n of_o arm_n upon_o barb_a horse_n cap_n 23_o after_o what_o manner_n we_o may_v withstand_v chariot_n armeâ—_n with_o hook_n and_o also_o elephant_n in_o the_o battle_n cap._n 24_o â–ª_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v if_o either_o part_n or_o the_o whole_a army_n do_v fly_v chap._n 25._o general_n rule_v of_o war_n chap._n 26._o the_o four_o book_n that_o city_n ought_v to_o be_v fence_v either_o with_o handiwork_n or_o nature_n or_o both_o chap._n 1._o that_o wall_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v straight_o but_o with_o many_o coigne_n chap_n 2._o after_o what_o sort_n earth_n may_v be_v heap_v up_o and_o join_v to_o a_o wall_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v beat_v down_o cap_n 3_o â–ª_o of_o portcluse_n and_o how_o gate_n may_v be_v safe_a from_o burn_v chap._n 4._o of_o make_v ditch_n cap._n 5._o how_o to_o keep_v they_o which_o stand_v on_o the_o wall_n harmless_a from_o the_o arrow_n of_o the_o enemy_n cap._n 6._o by_o what_o mean_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v foresee_v that_o they_o that_o be_v besiege_v be_v not_o famish_v chap._n 7._o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n must_v be_v prepare_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o wall_n chap_n â–ª_o 8._o what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v if_o store_n of_o string_n or_o cord_n do_v fail_v chap._n 9_o what_o shall_v be_v do_v that_o the_o besiege_a lack_n not_o water_n chap._n 10._o if_o salt_n shall_v fail_v in_o the_o city_n what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v 11._o what_o shall_v be_v do_v when_o the_o enemy_n do_v first_o assault_v the_o wall_n cap._n 12._o a_o rehearsal_n of_o engine_n with_o which_o the_o wall_n be_v assault_v chap._n 13._o of_o the_o batter_a ram_n the_o book_n &_o the_o snail_n cap._n 14._o of_o sheddes_n desk_n or_o peintess_n and_o countermure_z 15._o of_o engine_n call_v musculi_fw-la chap._n 16._o of_o tower_n movable_a cap._n 17._o how_o the_o movable_a tower_n may_v be_v set_v on_o fire_n cap._n 18._o how_o you_o may_v make_v your_o wall_n high_o cap_n 19_o by_o what_o mean_v the_o earth_n may_v be_v dig_v that_o the_o engine_n can_v do_v no_o harm_n cap._n 20._o of_o ladder_n &_o the_o frame_n of_o timber_n with_o roope_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o of_o the_o sweape_n cap._n 21_o of_o the_o lesser_a kind_n or_o ordinance_n call_v balista_n of_o the_o great_a call_v onager_fw-la of_o that_o which_o be_v call_v scorpio_n of_o crossbow_n call_v arcubalistae_n of_o slingstave_n &_o sling_n by_o the_o which_o the_o wall_n be_v defend_v cap._n 22._o against_o the_o engine_n name_v a_o ram_n be_v flockebedde_n or_o mattress_n very_o good_a also_o rope_n and_o great_a pillar_n cap._n 23._o of_o undermine_v &_o throw_v down_o wall_n that_o way_n 24._o what_o the_o town_n man_n ought_v to_o do_v if_o the_o enemy_n burst_v into_o the_o city_n cap._n 25._o what_o heed_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v lest_o the_o enemy_n privy_o take_v the_o wall_n cap._n 26._o how_o the_o town_n man_n may_v be_v deceive_v cap._n 27._o what_o the_o besieger_n oâ—ght_n to_o do_v that_o they_o be_v not_o entrap_v of_o the_o town_n man_n cap._n 28._o with_o what_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n city_n may_v be_v defend_v cap._n 29._o how_o you_o may_v know_v what_o height_n your_o ladder_n and_o other_o engine_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o cap._n 30._o precept_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v war_n upon_o y_fw-es sea_n 31._o the_o name_n of_o the_o judge_n which_o govern_v y_fw-fr navye_n ca._n 32_o why_o the_o lyburnian_a galley_n be_v so_o call_v cap._n 33._o with_o what_o diligence_n the_o galley_n or_o ship_n call_v libuâ—nae_n be_v make_v cap._n 34._o what_o heed_n must_v be_v take_v in_o cut_v down_o of_o timber_n ca._n 35_o â–ª_o in_o what_o month_n timber_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o cap._n 36._o of_o y_fw-fr bigness_n and_o fashion_n of_o galley_n call_v liburnae_fw-la cap._n 37._o the_o name_n and_o number_n of_o the_o wind_n chap._n 38._o in_o what_o month_n man_n may_v sail_v safe_o more_o them_z other_o 39_o after_o what_o manner_n the_o sign_n and_o token_n of_o tempest_n may_v be_v observe_v chap._n 40._o of_o sign_n and_o token_n whereby_o to_o know_v in_o clearness_n &_o troublesomeness_n of_o the_o air_n chap._n 41._o of_o ebb_v and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 42._o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o place_n and_o of_o the_o rower_n chap._n 43._o of_o weapon_n and_o ordinance_n of_o ship_n chap._n 44._o how_o wile_n may_v be_v wrought_v on_o the_o sea_n chap._n 45._o what_o shall_v be_v do_v when_o open_a battle_n be_v join_v on_o y_fw-es sea_n chap._n 46._o then_o end_n of_o the_o content_n fault_n escape_v in_o the_o print_v whereof_o the_o first_o number_n signify_v the_o leaf_n the_o letter_n a._n the_o first_o side_n and_o b._n the_o second_o side_n in_o the_o epistle_n dedicatorye_n b._n for_o translation_n thereof_o readâ—_n translate_n thereof_o folio_n 3._o a._n continuance_n read_v countenance_n folio_n 3._o read_v soldier_n for_o soldier_n folio_n 8._o grecian_n read_v gratian'ss_n folio_n 9_o b._n army_n read_v campe._n folio_n 10._o a._n stander_n read_v standard_n folio_n 10._o a._n especial_a read_v especial_o folio_n 13._o a._n legionacij_n read_v legionariâ—_n folio_n 13._o b._n gaternas_n read_v cateruas_fw-la folio_n 14._o a._n possible_a read_v possible_o folio_n 15_o b._n harvest_n read_v harnesde_v folio_n 20._o a._n footement_n read_v footman_n folio_n 24._o read_v say_v reed_n in_o you_o three_o book_n the_o prologue_n man_n worthy_a read_v oh_o man_n worthy_a fol._n 34_o a._n it_o read_v be_v fol._n 40._o a._n hasti_n read_v hastati_fw-la fol._n 41._o a._n rank_n read_v order_n fol._n 48_o a._n promuscide_n read_v promusciden_n fol._n 53._o b._n uppresse_v read_v oppress_v fol._n 56._o b._n bard_n read_v board_n folio_n 63._o a._n there_o lack_v before_o the_o begin_v of_o this_o leaf_n all_o these_o word_n follow_v join_v on_o the_o right_a side_n the_o east_n northeast_n wind_n on_o the_o left_a side_n y_fw-fr east_n southeast_n wind_n the_o plain_a southwind_n folio_n â–ª_o 64._o a._n pilat_n reaâ—e_a pilot_n finis_fw-la imprint_v at_o london_n in_o fleetstreet_n near_o unto_o saint_n dunston_n church_n by_o thomas_n marsh_n
geve_v thassaulte_v as_o well_o as_o any_o wall_n ¶_o of_o portcluse_n and_o how_o gate_n may_v be_v safe_a from_o burn_v chapter_n four_o moreover_o we_o must_v take_v heed_n lest_o the_o gate_n be_v burn_v with_o fire_n for_o the_o which_o cause_n they_o shall_v be_v cover_v with_o leather_n and_o iron_n but_o that_o be_v more_o profitable_a which_o in_o the_o old_a time_n have_v be_v invent_v that_o before_o the_o gate_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o fortress_n in_o the_o enter_v whereof_o be_v a_o perculle_n hang_v with_o ring_n of_o iron_n and_o rope_n that_o if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v enter_v in_o the_o same_o be_v let_v down_o they_o may_v be_v enclose_v and_o destroy_v and_o the_o wall_n above_o the_o gate_n must_v so_o be_v make_v with_o hole_n that_o we_o may_v power_n down_o water_n and_o quench_v the_o fire_n underneath_o ¶_o of_o make_v ditch_n chapter_n .v._o but_o the_o ditch_n before_o the_o city_n must_v be_v make_v very_o deep_a and_o very_o broad_a that_o they_o may_v not_o easy_o be_v make_v even_o and_o fill_v of_o the_o besieger_n and_o that_o the_o water_n run_v over_o may_v stop_v the_o undermine_v of_o the_o enemy_n for_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n be_v undermine_v let_v either_o with_o the_o deepness_n of_o the_o ditch_n or_o overflow_a ¶_o how_o to_o keep_v they_o which_o stand_v on_o the_o wall_n harmless_a from_o the_o arrow_n of_o the_o enemy_n chapter_n uj_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v sometime_o lest_o that_o many_o archer_n drive_v the_o defender_n down_o may_v sudden_o take_v the_o wall_n therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v good_a to_o have_v in_o the_o city_n complette_n harnis_fw-la and_o store_n of_o shield_n moreover_o mantils_n cloak_n and_o heareclothe_n may_v be_v hang_v before_o they_o and_o so_o receive_v the_o shot_n of_o arrow_n for_o the_o head_n of_o the_o arrow_n can_v easy_o pierce_v through_o that_o which_o yield_v and_o wave_v to_o and_o fro_o there_o be_v also_o a_o remedy_n find_v to_o make_v hurdle_n of_o wood_n call_v metellae_fw-la and_o to_o fille_fw-fr they_o with_o stone_n and_o to_o set_v they_o between_o two_o battlement_n so_o cunning_o that_o if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v climb_v up_o by_o ladder_n and_o touch_v any_o part_n of_o they_o the_o stone_n may_v turn_v upon_o their_o head_n ¶_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v foresee_v that_o they_o that_o be_v besiege_v be_v not_o famish_v chapter_n vij_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o defend_v and_o assault_v of_o city_n which_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o in_o place_n convenient_a now_o we_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o besiege_v one_o when_o the_o enemy_n appoint_v his_o man_n in_o due_a place_n do_v with_o continual_a assault_n assail_v the_o besiege_v the_o other_o when_o as_o he_o keep_v they_o from_o water_n or_o trust_v that_o they_o will_v yield_v through_o famishement_n have_v stop_v all_o victual_n from_o come_v to_o they_o for_o by_o this_o devise_n he_o himself_o be_v quiet_a and_o safe_a do_v weary_a his_o enemy_n against_o which_o chance_n the_o town_n man_n upon_o small_a suspicion_n of_o their_o enemy_n ought_v most_o diligent_o to_o place_n within_o the_o wall_n all_o kind_n of_o food_n whereby_o man_n may_v live_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o they_o themselves_o may_v have_v abundance_n &_o their_o enemy_n through_o need_n compel_v to_o raise_v their_o siege_n and_o not_o only_a pork_n or_o bacon_n but_o also_o all_o kind_n of_o flesh_n that_o may_v be_v preserve_v close_o aught_o to_o be_v lay_v up_o that_o through_o the_o help_n of_o flesh_n grain_n may_v suffice_v and_o pulleyn_n likewise_o in_o a_o city_n may_v be_v keep_v without_o charge_n and_o for_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a very_o necessary_a especial_o fodder_n must_v be_v get_v in_o for_o horse_n and_o such_o as_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v in_o must_v be_v burn_v likewise_o of_o wine_n vinegar_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o grain_n or_o fruit_n great_a store_n must_v be_v lay_v up_o and_o nothing_o that_o may_v be_v profitable_a to_o they_o aught_o to_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o enemy_n garden_n also_o both_o for_o the_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n of_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v neglect_v in_o the_o grasseplote_v and_o yard_n of_o house_n but_o it_o do_v little_a profit_n to_o have_v gather_v much_o together_o except_o from_o the_o beginning_n the_o delivery_n or_o distribution_n be_v moderate_v by_o such_o convenient_a overseer_n as_o have_v charge_n thereof_o with_o a_o good_a &_o profitable_a measure_n of_o the_o same_o for_o they_o be_v never_o in_o danger_n of_o famine_n which_o use_v in_o time_n of_o plenty_n to_o keep_v sobriety_n and_o moderation_n in_o spend_v also_o the_o youth_n and_o woman_n which_o be_v unfit_a for_o war_n many_o time_n be_v thrust_v forth_o forth_o want_v of_o victual_n lest_o scarcity_n uppresse_v the_o soldier_n by_o who_o the_o city_n often_o have_v be_v defend_v and_o keep_v ¶_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n must_v be_v prepare_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o wall_n chapter_n eight_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o there_o be_v prepare_v to_o set_v the_o engine_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o fire_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v apt_a to_o burn_v rosin_n brimstone_n clear_a pitch_n without_o dregs_n oil_n call_v incendiarium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v ready_a to_o set_v any_o thing_n on_o fire_n iron_n of_o both_o temper_n to_o make_v armour_n and_o weapon_n and_o coal_n ought_v to_o be_v save_v in_o store_n house_n wood_n also_o for_o spear_n staff_n and_o arrow_n must_v be_v lay_v up_o in_o store_n round_o stone_n out_o of_o river_n which_o for_o their_o roundness_n be_v somewhat_o heavy_a and_o meet_v for_o the_o caster_n must_v be_v gather_v most_o diligent_o with_o the_o which_o the_o wall_n and_o tower_n shall_v be_v fill_v the_o jest_n stone_n of_o all_o be_v to_o throw_v with_o sling_n or_o slingestave_n or_o else_o with_o the_o hand_n the_o great_a stone_n be_v shoot_v with_o the_o gun_n but_o the_o great_a of_o all_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o weight_n &_o roll_a fashion_n must_v be_v lay_v in_o fortress_n that_o they_o be_v throw_v down_o headlong_o upon_o a_o sudden_a may_v not_o only_o overwhelm_v the_o enemy_n underneath_o but_o also_o may_v break_v their_o engine_n also_o mighty_a great_a wheel_n must_v be_v frame_v of_o green_a wood_n or_o ruler_n cut_v of_o very_o strong_a tree_n which_o they_o call_v taleae_n must_v be_v make_v smooth_a that_o they_o may_v roll_v which_o slide_v down_o do_v overthrow_v the_o soldier_n with_o the_o sudden_a vehemency_n and_o make_v the_o horse_n sore_o afraid_a there_o must_v be_v also_o in_o readiness_n beam_n &_o trasinge_n or_o board_n and_o nail_n and_o pin_n of_o iron_n of_o diverse_a quantity_n for_o such_o engine_n of_o the_o enemy_n must_v be_v hinder_v by_o other_o like_a special_o when_o as_o the_o wall_n or_o fortress_n upon_o a_o sudden_a shall_v have_v need_n to_o be_v make_v high_a lest_o the_o movable_a tower_n of_o the_o enemy_n shall_v rise_v above_o they_o and_o so_o take_v the_o city_n ¶_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v if_o store_n of_o string_n or_o cord_n do_v fail_v chapter_n ix_o it_o be_v also_o expedient_a to_o gather_v very_o diligent_o good_a store_n of_o string_n or_o sinew_n for_o as_o much_o as_o you_o ordinance_n which_o be_v call_v onager_fw-la and_o balista_n and_o other_o like_a except_o they_o be_v bend_v and_o draw_v with_o cord_n or_o sinew_n avail_v nothing_o notwithstanding_o the_o big_a hair_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o mane_n of_o horse_n be_v think_v good_a for_o the_o lesser_a artillery_n but_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n most_o certain_a and_o have_v be_v try_v in_o the_o roman_n need_v that_o woman_n hair_n in_o such_o kind_n of_o ordinance_n be_v no_o less_o profitable_a for_o in_o the_o long_a siege_n of_o capitolium_fw-la the_o chief_a castle_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n their_o artillery_n be_v mar_v with_o the_o continual_a and_o wearisome_a fight_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o cord_n or_o string_n fail_v they_o the_o matron_n of_o rome_n cut_v their_o hair_n from_o their_o head_n &_o bring_v it_o to_o their_o husband_n as_o they_o be_v fight_v &_o so_o repair_v their_o engine_n they_o drive_v back_o the_o force_n of_o their_o enemy_n for_o those_o honest_a and_o chasteâ—weomen_n rather_o choose_v with_o head_n for_o a_o time_n disfigure_v to_o live_v at_o liberty_n with_o their_o husband_n then_o with_o all_o theâ—_z trim_v to_o be_v subject_n to_o their_o enemy_n it_o be_v also_o good_a to_o get_v together_o horn_n &_o raw_a hide_n for_o the_o cover_n of_o complete_a armour_n and_o other_o engine_n and_o munitioâ—s_n ¶_o what_o shall_v be_v do_v that_o the_o besiege_a lack_n not_o water_n chapter_n ten_o it_o be_v a_o great_a