Charles V. after the overthrow of Loüis the Young in the Plain of Mohacz was proclaimed King of Hungary by Stephen Bathori Palatin of the Kingdom and by the sounder part of the Nobility John Zapoliha Vaivod of Transilvania having been before tumultuarily elected by the rest The same year Ferdinand made himselt Master of the greatest part of the Kingdom and of Buda the Capital City of which he made Thomas Nadasti Governour until the year 1529. that Solyman took it by the Treachery of the Garrison and shortly after laid siege to Vienna which he was forced shamefully to raise after he had made many Bâ—oody Assaults From whence retreating to Buda he re-established John Vaivod of Transilvania in the Kingdom having left in Buda Gritti a Renegado with three Thousand Janisaries to defend it in Name of the Vaivod Afterwards Ferdinand King of Bohemia made General Rogendorf besiege it in the year 1530. but in vain In the year 1540. he commanded his General Leonard Fessius to Besiege it a second time having first possest himself of the Forts of Vicegrad Vaccia and Pest and John Zapoliha being dead the year before who left for his Successor John Sigismond a Pupil under the tuition of the Princess Isabel his Mother and George Monck but Fessius having there endured the fatigues of a long and troublesom Siege was again obliged to draw off In the year 1541. General Rogendorf renewed the Siege again a Third time but upon the coming of Solyman he thought it best to retreat In the mean time that Ottoman Prince surprised the Town by Cunning drove the young Prince and his Mother out of it and sent them to Reign in Transilvania publishing that he would keep it until John Sigismond the Son of John Zapoliha the Usurper were of Age. In the year 1542. the Marquess of Brandebourgh made as if he intended to Besiege Buda and in that design marched towards it He attacked Pest on his march but in vain and retreated without any success The Count of Swartzenbourgh haing in the Month of March 1598. by a Wonderful Stratagem retaken Javarin or Raab from the Turks marched the same year in the Month of October under the Auspices of the Archduke Matthias and laid Siege to Buda which after thirty days Attack he was forced to raise because of the continual Rains And it is remarkable that the Turks who at the same time Besieged the Town of Waradin in Transilvania were likewise obliged to quit their Enterprise for the same Reason The Christians again attacked that Town in the year 1602 under General Roswurm but having ruined the Bridge ever the Danube and possessed the Town of Pest the Rigour of the Season obliged them to desist from their Design The Duke of Lorrain Generalissimo of the Imperial Armies attempted the Siege of the same place having first made himself Master of the Castle of Vicegrad Vaccia and Pest and thrice defeated the Ottoman Army but the Season being too far advanced that he might not endanger the Army he thought it convenient to raise the Siege in the Month of October 1684. The Council of Buda Philip Bishop of Fermo of the holy See being sent by Nicholas III. for treating some important Affairs with Ladislaus III. King of Hungary in the year 1279. celebrated a Council at Buda the Constitutions whereof to the Number of Thirty six Oldericus Rainaldus hath put at the end of the 14. Tome of the Ecclesiastical Annals Churches or Funf-Kerken and some other places burnt Siget and besieged Canisa which he would have infallibly taken had the Succours that were promised him been sent to him The Grand Visier having Intelligence of that siege advanced with a great Army made him raise it and then took Fort Serini which was afterwards demolished little Gomora and other Places VICEGRAD The Latins call it Vissegradia and the Germans Plindenburg It is a strong Town built upon a very high Rock the Danube running by the Foot of it and lies above Buda and below Strigonium In this place there is a Castle upon a little Hill where the Abbey of Pily stands also Heretofore the Crown of Hungary was kept there that Town in former times having been the place of Residence of the Kings of Hungary and the Remains of the Ruines of a very stately Building of Free Stone are still to be seen there The Forces of the Arch-Duke Matthias re-took that place in the Reign of Mahomet III. But the Heydukes committed a piece of the greatest Treachery imaginable and delivered it up into the hands of the Turks in the time of Sultan Achmet Charles King of Naples who was also proclaimed King of Hungary having been wounded in the Head by Forchatz was carried into that Castle where under pretext of applying a Plaister to his Head they strangled him The Crown of Hungary was heretofore kept at Vicegrad but the Turks having advanced so far it was thought safer to put it into the Castle of Presbourg This Crown is of a pretty singular shape for it is very low and hath a Cross on the top with four leaves that go compleatly round it of which one is as big as the other three or at least as two of them It is infinitely esteemed by the Hungarians because they believe that an Angel brought it to their King St. Stephen and the most August Emperour Leopold who reigns at present is the two and fourtieth King that hath been crowned with that Crown S. MARTINSBERG Is a pretty handsom Town and a very strong place seated on the Top of a very high Hill from whence all the Countrey about may be discovered It lies betwixt the Fort of Raab and the Town of Dotis DOTIS Dotis Tata or Theodata is but four Leagues from Comora it hath a Castle with Ditches round it and not far from thence there are some natural Baths It lies betwixt S. Martinsberg and the Danube hath been often taken and re-taken and belongs to his Imperial Majesty The Count of Salms General of the Imperial Army took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Vesprim VESPRIM In Latin Vesprinium and in High-Dutch Weisbrun is a little pretty strong Town lying near the head of the River Sarwis and the Lake Balaton eleven Leagues from Strigonium and five from Alba Regalis being the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to Strigonium it is the capital of the County of its Name and hath a strong Castle upon the top of a little Hill belonging to his Imperial Majesty The Count of Salms took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Dotis PAPA A little Town but strong defended by a Castle and lying in the County of Vesprim upon the River of Malchaltz it belongs to the Emperour SARWAR This place lyes upon the Raab betwixt Papa and Sabaria under Obedience to the Emperour having been re-taken in the year 1567. SABARIA Is an Ancient Town in the County of Iron Castle lying at the concourse of the two Rivers of Guntz and Regnitz
Christ Crucified Ibrahim Emperor of the Turks was the Son of Achmet and succeeded to his Brother Amurath IV. in the year 1640. When this last died the Officers of the Port had a great deal ado to make him come out of the place where he had been in a manner Prisoner for three or four years suspecting it to be only a pretext to render him Criminal The Sultana his Mother persuaded him of the truth having shown him the dead Body of his Brother he came out and having been crown'd he gave himself wholly over to Voluptuousness which was fatal unto him The loss of one of his Sultana's whom the Knights of Malta took in the year 1644. betwixt Rhodes and Alexandria made him undertake to be revenged on Malta But he turned his Arms against Candie and took the Canea in 1645. In the mean time he grew cruel his Pleasures made him abandon all care of the Affairs of the Empire and he became insupportable to all Men. The Militia and Officers conspired against him and sent for the Mufti and other considerable Persons of the Law on design at first to put to Death the Grand Visier Then they resolved to depose Ibrahim who expressing a great Contempt and much Haughtiness did so incense those mutinous Spirits that they strangled him the 18th of August 1649. and placed Mahomet his Son upon the Throne Mahomet IV. was Born the second of January 1642. and was raised to the Throne ten days after the Death of Sultan Ibrahim his Father who was strangled by the Janisaries In the years 1663. and 1664. He took in Hungary the Towns of Newheusel Fort-Serin or Serin-wart afterwards demolished and some other places The loss he sustained at the Battle of Raab or St. Godard made him resolve to make Peace which he did the 17th of September 1664. He hath been more unfortunate in the present War wherein he hath lost Gran Newheusel and a great many other strong Places and Battles mentioned before He took the City of Candie in the year 1669. after a very long and tough Siege The Venetians have taken many important Places from him in this War both in the Morea and elsewhere His greatest delight is in Hunting wherein he spends most part of the year For that reason it is that he resides commonly at Adrianople that he may be near the places where there is most Game He goes often to Larissa and spends sometimes Eight or Ten Days together under magnificent Tents pitched half a League from that Town upon the Banks of the Peneus The Turks in his time have made many Conquests from the Poles from whom they have taken Caminiec and some other places Sobieski great Mareshal of the Crown and at present King of Poland was at that time General of the Polonian Army who defeated the Turks at the Famous Battle of Gotzchin in the year 1673. He eluded their Projects the two years following and at length reduced them to desire a Peace Since that the Turks undertook a War against the Moscovites and got some advantages over them in the year 1678. and the Poles having confederated with the Emperor and Republick of Venice in the year 1683. continue to Harass and make head against them in Podolia Russia and the neighbouring Territories These are the Titles that Mahomet IV. takes to himself Mahomet Sultan by the Infinite Graces of the Almighty Creator and by the abundant Miracles of the chief of the Prophets Glorious Great Invincible and always Victorious Emperor of the Emperors of Constantinople and Trebizonde King of Kings Distributer of Crowns to the greatest Princes of the Earth Keeper of the two sacred and most august Cities Mecha and Medina Protector of the Holy Jerusalem Master of the great Sea Lord of the greatest part of Europe Asia and Africa conquered with our Victorious Sword Lord of the East and West of the great Anatolia Bithinia of the great City of Nice Nichomedia the great Chalcedonia Phrygia Lycia Pamphylia Tarsis Paphlagonia Caramania Capadocia Cesarea of the great and little Armenia Iberia Georgia Mingrelia the Iron-Gate Turcomania of the Curdes Parthians Medes Persians of Tauris Assyria Mesopotamia Diarbeck of great Babylon Balzara Chaldaea of the Holy Land Syria Judaea Canaan Galilee Jerusalem Samaria Phenicia Palestine Aleppo Erzerum Damascus of the great Antioch of the Tyberiade and Caspian Seas of the three Arabias the Stony Desart and Happy the Indian and Red Seas of Aleppo Ethiopia Egypt Alexandria and Grand Caire of Barbary Thunis Tripoli Fez Morocco Cyprus of Rhodes all Greece Peloponesus Thrace Great Romania Macedonia Thessaly Corinthia Chersonesus Albania Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Slavonia Moldavia of Themeswar Dacia Hungary Wallachia Scythia the greater and lesser Tartary and of an infinite number of other Countries Kingdoms and Empires Isles Streights People Families Generations and of so many Thousand Millions of Valiant Soldiers who rest under the obedience and Justice of me who am Emperor Mahomet son of the Emperor Ibrahim by the Grace of God the Retreat of the greatest Princes of the World and the Refuge of honourable Emperors This Prince Mahomet IV. has Children the Sultana Queen who is his chief Wife brought him his first Son she is called Eumenia a Greek by Nation he hath a Brother called Solyman and his eldest Brother named Osman is a Dominican Monk called Father Dominick of St. Thomas who was taken with his Mother by the Galleys of Malta sayling to Alexandria upon a Pilgrimage to Mecha This Emperor is the greatest Enemy of Christendom May Heavens grant that the projects of that Infidel Prince against the Christian Religion may be disapointed and that the proud Empire of the Crescent may one day be subject to the glorious Standard of the Cross under the Auspices of that great Caesar who under the lovely name of Leopold hath merited to be the first and XIV Emperor of the most August House of Austria who by his great Prudence and exemplary Piety by his Constant and indefatigable Pains and by the Grace of the Great God of Armies hath happily procured to Christendom all these great Victories to the shame and confusion of that fierce and barbarous common Enemy and under the Conduct of the Valiant Charles IV. Duke of Lorrain that brave Hero to whom Christendom is obliged that it had time to Relieve Vienna when with unparalled Speed he marched thither and in view of the Enemy supplied the place with Provisions Ammunition and 12000 of the best men in the Army who defeated the Turks and Rebels before Presbourg that having taken that Town had a design to make a Bridge there over the Danube thereby to facilitate the passage of the Turkish Convoys to their Camp before Vienna who flew like lightening to save the King of Poland from the extream Danger wherein he was being engaged with the Body of the Ottoman Army near Barkan and who after gained the Battle of Barkan that we mentioned before This is that Prince who considering that his
his Armies passed the Rivers of Save and Drave in the year 1526. He was Victorious in the Famous Battle of Mohacz which I mentioned before wherein Loüis II. King of Hungary unfortunately perished At Bagdet he was crowned King of Persia and subjected Assyria and Mesopotamia He made six Expeditions into Hungary and took the strong Towns of Strigonium and Alba-Regalis He also subjected Aladulia and the Kingdom of Aden besides many other Towns upon the Red-Sea He made Algiers Triâ—utary took Pialli Tripoli and the Gerbes and after all these Victories whilst he besieged the strong Town of Siget in the lower Hungary he died â—n Five-Churches as hath been mentioned before This Emperour took to himself the â—ollowing Titles in the Credential Letters of the Ambassador whom â—e sent to the Emperour Ferdiâ—and I the Lord of all Lords the Ruler of the East and West who am able to do and â—ot to do whatsoever I please Lord of all Grecia Persia and Arabia Ruler over â—ll things that can be Subject to a King â—nd Lord the Great Hero of these Times â—nd mighty Giant of this vast universe Lord of the White and Black Seas and â—he Holy City of Mecha shining with the Brightness of God of the City of Medina â—nd the Holy and Chaste City of Jerusaâ—em King of the most Noble Kingdom of Egypt Lord of the Country of Ionia and Cities of Athens and Sena of the Holy Temple of God Zabilon and Bassio Retâ—aam and Magadim the Seat and Throne â—f the Great King Nashin Rettham and Lord of the Island of Algiers and Prince of the Kingdom of Tartary Mesopotamia the Medes Georgians and of all Greece Morea and Anatolia Asia Armenia Walachia Moldavia and all Hungary with a great many other Kingdoms and Dominions whereof I am Emperour that thrice great Caesar Sultan Solyman the Son of the great Emperor Sultan Selim who have Authority from God to Rule all People in a bit of Iron and power to open the Gates and Doors of all Cities and strong Holds all the ends of the Earth none excepted are delivered into my Hands I the Lord of the East from the Land of Tscin to the utmost bounds of Africa whom God hath made a valiant Warriour in the edge of the Sword amongst whose most potent Kingdoms the impregnable Castle of Cesarea is reckoned the least and the Empire or Dominion of Alexander the Great the meanest of my Hereditary Dominions with me is the Strength of the whole World and Virtue of the Firmament Zelim II. Emperor of the Turks Son of Sultan Solyman II. called the Magnificent succeeded to him in the year 1566. being about Fourty two years of Age this Emperor having subjected Nicosia and Famagusta seized the Island of Cyprus a Kingdom belonging to the Venetians in the year 1521. but after that loss the Christians gained the Famous Battle of Lepanto the 7th of October the same year Haly Basha was killed there and it is not doubted but that it was the greatest Blow that the Ottoman Empire had for a long time received and indeed if the Christians had known how to make the best Advantage of that Victory they might without doubt have taken Constantinople where all were in a general Consternation And to see how great a Victory that of the Christian Princes was we may only read the Triumphal Inscription exposed by the Romans in the Capitol in memory of it and of Marco Antonio Colonna Duke of Paliano Knight of the Golden Fleece Great Constable of Naples whom Pope Pius V. made General of the Ecclesiastical Forces who solemnly received the Standard in St. Peter's Church at Rome and who in that memorable Battle commanded as Lieutenant General being upon his return received in Triumph in the City of Rome Marcus Antonius Ascanij Filius Fabricij nepos Columnae Marsorum Hernicorum Dux initâ inter Pium V. Pont. Max. Phillippum Hispaniarum Regem Catholicum Rempublicam Venetam Societate Classis Pontificiae Praefectus De Turcis Non. Octobris ad Echinadas Navali praelio victis DC Navigiis in potestatem redactis Demersis fugatis Christianos XV. mill in libertatem assertis Hostium XXX mill caesis X. mill captis Re optimè gestâ Ut Victoriâ omnium maxima in mari partâ Ex S. C. Pij V. S. P. authoritate More Majorum Prid. Non. Decembris anno à Christo nato M.D.LXXI Triumphavit Ad ejus rei memoriam sempiternam Diem hunc antiquis Triumphalibus fastis adscribendum Et monumentum hoc in Capitolio ponendum Censuit S. P. Q. R. ut superiorum aemulationi Praesentis aevi gloriae posterorum incitamento Testaretur in promerendis honoribus ac tribuendis Neque virtutem neque benignitatem priscam Adhuc deesse Romanis Coss Rom. decreverunt curaverunt Selim the Turkish Emperor died of an Apoplexy the Thirteenth of December 1574. Amurath III. Son of Selim II. began to Reign about the end of the year 1574. He presently put to death five of his Brothers according to the Cruel custom of the Ottomans and refused to prolong with the Emperor Maximilian II. the Truce which he had concluded with Selim II. He took Tauris which he Plundered and defeated the Marovites and Drus of Mount Libanus After that he made a powerful Invasion into the Country of the Croats who were worsted at first but they afterwards killed Ten thousand Turks and obliged the rest to let them live in quiet Amurath died at Constantinople the 18th of January 1595. at the Age of Forty eight Mahomet III. Son of Amurath III. began his Reign in the year 1595. by the death of One and Twenty of his Brothers and Ten of his Fathers Wives whom he left with Child and whom he caused to be thrown into the Sea. He never was at the Head of his Army but once The Christians under the Conduct of Count Mansfield took Strigonium Alba-Regalis under the Command of the Duke of Mercaur in the year 1601. and the Lower Town of Buda under the Arch-Duke of Austria He lost the Forts of Vice grad Balbocz Petrinia Haduan Palota and Vesprin and on the other side the Knights of Malta seized Lepanto The Armies of Mahomet were beaten by the Vaivod of Walachia and by the Prince of Transilvania who defeated Sinan Basha and so Moldavia Walaohia and Transilvania shook off the Ottoman yoke The Turks on the other hand had some advantages and re-took two or three Towns as Pest Canisa and Alba-Regalis but that was not comparable to their losses Mahomet demanded Peace of the Christians who refused it He was an Infamous Man so plunged into Debauchery that neither domestick Disorders nor Forreign Wars could ever make him forsake it that made the Janisaries mutiny to pacifie whom Mahomet was forced to deliver up his greatest Friends to their Rage and pretended to banish his Mother who was thought to be the cause of all the Calamities of the State. He caused his eldest Son to be Strangled and
before they fall into the Raab This Town is affirmed to be the Native Town of St. Martin and there are some who report and others that believe that the Famous Poet Ovid died and was Buried in this Town of Sabaria They write that having been Seven years Banished at Tomos near the Euxin Sea he was afterwards recalled and died at Sabaria upon his return to Italy where they say his Tomb was found in the year 1508. with this Epitaph made by himself and cut on the outside of a stately Vault Fatum necessitatis lex Hic situs est Vates quem Divi Caesaris ira Augusti Patriâ cedere jussit humo Soepe miser voluit Patriis occumbere terris Sed frustra hunc illi fata dedêre locum That 's to say Fate is a Law of necessity Here lyes the Poet whom the Anger of Divine Caesar obliged to leave his Country often did he wish in his Misery that he might dye in his own Country but in vain for the Fates have given him this for a Burying place And about the year 1540. Isabel Queen of Hungary shewed Peter Angelo Bargeo a Silver Pen that Ovid made use of to write with which not long before had been found amongst the Ancient Ruins of Tearunum at present called Belgrade at the mouth of the Save that falls into the Danube with these words Engraven round it Ovidii Nasonis Calamus which that Queen highly prised and kept it as a Sacred thing GRAN This Town which is called Gran Strigonium or Ostrogon lyes on the South-side of the River of Gran where it falls into the Danube It is divided into the Upperr and Lower Town both which are considerably strong and have good Walls The lower Town commands the Danube and St. Thomas his Hill is also very well fortified because being close by the Town it might command it In this Town there are excellent Natural Baths that are not too hot Heretofore it was the Metropolitan City of Hungary and St. Stephen their first King was born in it as Stephen III. died there The chief Ornaments of it are the great Church of St. Stephen who lyes buried in it the Arch-Bishop's Palace and the Houses of other Canons This Arch-Bishop formerly put the Crown upon the Kings Head the day of his Coronation In the Upper Town there is a Rock on which a very strong Castle is built The Neighboring Hills abound in Vines and the Country about with Springs of hot water so that by reason of the Fruitfulness of the Country and the strength of the Town the Kings of Hungary in former times had their Palace and kept their Residence there Hardly any place hath maintained so many Bloody Sieges For John King of Hungary Besieged it but in vain and he could not succeed in his Attempt Solyman took it in the year 1542. but the Count of Mansfield re-took it for the Arch-duke Matthias It was once more Besieged in vain but in Succession of time Sultan Achmet took it by means of an infamous piece of Baseness that the Christians who defended it committed for having killed the Count of Dampierre the Governour they surrendered the place to Alybeg General of the Turkish Army The Town of Barckan is exactly opposit to Gran and there is a Bridge of Boats betwixt those two places It was before that Fort that the Armies of the Emperor and Poland gained the Battle against the Turks in the Month of October 1683. when they Besieged and took the said Fort and the Town of Gran also the 23. of the same Month after they had gloriously raised the Siege of Vienna which the Grand Vizier Kara Mustapha had laid to it with the chief Forces of the Ottoman Empire who were cut to pieces and put to the rout there and after that the City of Gran for the space of 80. years had groaned under the yoke of the Turks But the Barbarians being impatient that such an important place should remain longer in the Hands of the Christians endeavoured to regain it with an extraordinary strong Army and laid Siege to it the 30th of July 1685. which they were forced to raise with the loss of the Battle that followed after the 16th of August the same year The Isle of Schut This Isle which the Latins call Insula Cituorum called commonly Schut and Comora or rather Comara from its most important place lying on the North-East point of the Island that has that name is Twelve Hungarian Leagues in length and Five in breadth Sixteen Hungarian making Twenty German Leagues It contains about Three Hundred Villages or Bourgs and Fifteen Thousand Inhabitants Its next best place to Comora is Samaria or Samareyn for which cause Munsterus says that the Island is called Samaria as well as Schythia and Camaron meaning Schut and Comara This Isle is made by the Danube which dividing it self into four Branches below Presbourg makes many lovely Isles full of tall Trees of which this is the chief at the end whereof and below Comara the Danube unites all its Branches of which that which comes from the Upper Hungary is called Waag and the River coming from the North falls into the Danube at this Island RAAB or JAVARIN A very strong Town situated where the Rivers of Raab and Rabuits fall into the Danube is the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to Gran or Strigonium The Germans call it Raab the French Javarin the Hungarians Gever the Italians Giavarin and the Latin Authors Javarinum Arabo and Harabo The Fort was made by Ferdinand of Austria King of Hungary before he came to be Emperor in the year 1550. and is one of the compleatest Strengths in Europe It hath two Bridges one on the side of Austria and the other on the side of Alba Regalis or Stael-Weissenbourgh it is fortified with Seven Bastions and hath Four high Mounts from whence all the Country about may be discovered The First is the Bastion on which the Castle or Governours Palace is built The Second is upon the brink of the River of Danube The Third stands upon the Holy Hill and when the Turks blew it up there was a Man upon it on Horse back who was carried by the force of the Gunpowder into the Danube without the least hurt either to Man or Horse The Fourth is that in the middle which looks East-ward into the Countrey The Fifth is that which is called the New Bastion The Sixth the Imperial Bastion And the Seventh is that of Hungary on the brink of the River of Raab Here it was that the Turkish Governour was killed when the Christians surprised the Town in the night time It is very near the Isle of Schut in a Plain that reaches out of sight environed by a Branch of the Danube and the River of Raab which makes many to give it that name And it would seem that nothing can be able to hurt it unless it be a little Hill which is at a pretty good distance from it
falls is the chief Town of the Province of that Name which is also called Schremnia in the South part of Hungary having been formerly a Bishops Seat it hath its Name from Sirmus King of the Tribals This is the ancient Sirmium heretofore so Famous which is at present so little esteemed However there grows excellent Wine about it and in this Province it is said that the Emperour Probus planted Vines with his own hand upon Mount-Almos or Arpataro That Emperor was killed there by his own Soldiers who were vexed that he kept them in so strict Discipline and feared that they might be thought useless when that Prince had quell'd all the Enemies of the Empire but afterwards repenting what they had done they made him this Epitaph Hic probus Imperator Et verè probus situs est Victor omnium gentium Barbarorum Victor etiam Tyrannorum That Emperour named Marcus Aurelius Probus was the Son of a Peasant in Dalmatia and was killed in the year 282. Many Roman Emperours have been in these parts who were born died or signalized themselves by great Actions there For not to speak of Trajan Caracalla Gallien Constantius and several others the Emperours Aurelian Probus and Gratian were born at Sirmium and Claudius Gothicus died there or very near to that place Jovian and Valentinian were born in Pannonia and in the time of Photinus Bishop of Sirmium there was a general Council held in that Town CHAP. VIII Of the Rivers of Hungary and their Description THE DANUBE THE Don or Donaw by the Ancients called Danube is the second River of Europe both for Greatness and Force its source is in Swabia in the County of Fustemberg where the Schwartz-wald is and the black Forrest It passes by Ulm over against which it receives the Iler which runs by Kempten and near to Memminguen it passes by Donawert near which and on the other side of it it receives the Lech which runs by Ausbourg and separates Swabia from Bavaria near to Donawert the Danube enters into Bavaria where it leaves Newbourg to the right hand Ingolstadt to the left divides Bavaria from the Palatinat from whence it receives the Nabe passes under the Bridges of Ratisbonne and Siraubing which are to the right on the same side receives the Iler which watereth Munick and Landshout the Capitals of the upper and lower Dutchies of Bavaria receives at Passaw the Inn which comes from the Engadines amongst the Grisons and crosses the County of Tirol and there washes Inspruck that has the first Bridge upon the Inn then Halle in Tirol and Kufstain c. and gives to a part of the Town of Passaw the Name of Instat the first Town of Inn. A little below Passaw the Danube enters Austria and there watereth Lintz the Capital City of Austria above Ens it receives the River of Ens where the Town of Ens is washes Crems in the middle Austria and Vienna in the lower Vienna and Lintz are on the right side Bank and Crems on the left of the Danube The Murau which descends from Moravia falls into the Danube between Austria and Hungary where the Danube continuing its course on the left hand washes Presbourg the Capital City of the Upper Hungary embraces the Isle of Schut on the Borders whereof are Owar or Walkenbourg and Gever or Javarin and at the point of the Isle Comora all strong places which for many years have stood it out against the Turks The Danube having at Comora rejoined all its Branches passes by Gran or Strigonium runs betwixt Buda the ancient place of Residence of the Kings of Hungary and Pest embraces the Isse of Ratzenimarck waters Colocz on the left receives the Drave on the right and over against the Isle of Erdewdy the Teisse on the left over against Salonkemen the Save on the right and below the confluence of the Save and Danube lyes Belgrade in a Situation that ought to be esteemed seeing of the four Rivers that are near to it the least runs above an hundred Leagues Beyond Belgrade we have but little knowledge of the Danube and from this place forwards the Ancients began to call it the Ister On the right hand it receives all the Rivers which descend from Servia and Bulgaria and on the left those of Walachia and Moldavia by seven Mouths it discharges it self into the greater or black Sea. The whole Length of its Course may be six hundred Leagues to wit two hundred in Germany somewhat less in Hungary and somewhat more from Hungary to the Black Sea. The TIBISQUE and the BEDRACK That great River towards the East called Tibiscus or otherwise the Teisse which hath its source in the Country of Maromorus at the Foot of the Carpatian Hills having received the Mariscus or Marisa with several other Rivers discharges it self into the Danube betwixt Waradin St. Peter and Belgrade There are brought down this River great quantities of Salt Stones dug out of several Mines in Hungary and Transilvania which are also sent up the Danube as far as Presbourg This River is reckoned the best in all Europe nay I may say in all the World for Fishing so that the People of the Country say commonly that there is nothing in that River but Water and Fish The River of Bedrack which falls into the Tibiscus not far from Tockay is also so full of Fish that in the Summer time when the water is low the People say that the Fish make the River to swell It is none of the smallest Rivers for according to the Relation of those who have seen it it is Thirty fathom broad and Eighty eight and a half deep But there is no good fishing in it with Nets because the Channel of it is triangular This great Fertiliâ—y is attributed to the Communication that its Water hath with the salt Mines under Ground which impregnates it with a Principle of Fecundity The RAAB The River Arabo or Raab is to the West which hath its source in Stiria and falls also into the Danube It is a River in much esteem because it receives the Lauffnitz the Pica the Guntz and many other Rivers but it is become more Famous by the defeat of the Turks under the conduct of Achmet who at that time was Grand Visie by the Imperial Army at St. Godard near to that River The DRAVE There is a very lovely River to the South called the Drave or the Drau which having its head in the Country of Saltzburland that is a part of the ancient Noricum and running through the middle of Carinthia falls at length into the Danube near to Erdoed or the ancient Teutoburgium after it hath run about an hundred Leagues The River of Mure falls into it The SAVE On the same side also is the River of Sava or Sau which is very broad and having its source in Carinthia falls into the Danube at Belgrade after it hath run near an hundred Leagues and been augmented by several considerable Rivers
the Sultana the Mother of him to be drowned having suspected her to be Guilty of some Treason against his Person He died of the Plague at Constantinople in the year 1603. the Thirty ninth year of his Age and Eighth year of his Reign Achmet I. of that name Emperor of the Turks Succeeded to his Father Mahomot III. at the Age of Fifteen years in the year 1603. His Moderation was admired upon his coming to the Throne in that having but one only Brother he did not put him to death according to the Custom of the Turkish Princes but shut him up in a Cloyster of Mahometans The Sophy of Persia taking the advantage of his Minority re-took Tauris and Erzerum Achmet sent thither the Basha Cigale who not having acquitted himself well of his Commission was upon his return Strangled by 50. Capigis who met him at Bursa Achmet regained Transilvania Walachia and Moldavia by the means of Botskay who revolted from the Emperor and sided with Bethlem Gabor against Sigismond Bathory Prince of Transilvania Afterwards finding himself Attacked on all hands he put Four Armies into the Field one against the Persians another against the Polonians one to oppose the Cossacks and the last to guard the Tribute of Egypt but all of them having been unfortunate as he was preparing for greater designs he died the 15th of November 1617. in the Thirtieth year of his Age and Fourteenth of his Reign Mustapha Emperor of the Turks was Son to Mahomet III. and Brother to Achmet I. he succeeded to him though he had a Son Osman Twelve years old in the year 1617. Mustapha being Twenty five years of Age was placed upon the Throne by the Janisaries who two Months after degraded him being displeased at his reserved way of living Osman his Nephew Succeeded to him and Mustapha as some say led a recluse and solitary Life But the truth is he was in Prison however being brought out by the Janisaries he was again set upon the Throne the 19. of May 1622. Next day after he caused his Nephew Osman to be put to death and having Reigned sixteen Months the People being dissatisfied with his Conduct he was again confined to perpetual Imprisonment in the Month of September 1623. and Amurath Brother to Osman was put in his place Osman Emperor of the Turks was the Son of Achmet I. and succeeded to him at Twelve years of Age about the end of January 1621. He led an Army of almost Four hundred thousand men against the Poles but that Expedition was not prosperous he lost above an Hundred thousand men atempting to force the Camp of Threescore thousand Poles and Cosaâ—ks Commanded by Prince Ladislaus Osman was obliged to make a Peace on disadvantageous Conditions He thought that the Janisaries had much contributed to that unhappy Success which made him have a mind to cashier them and he was accused of having a design to remove the seat of the Empire unto Damascus in Syria That insolent Militia revolted and the Unfortunate Prince was Strangled the 20. of May 1622. dy Order of Mustapha his Uncle whom the same Janisaries had raised to the Throne as I said before Osman's Reign lasted but Four years and about four Months Sultan Osman took the following Titles in a Letter which he wrote at the desire of the most Christian King to Basha Ferrovi and to Mula Cadi of Jerusalem to restore the Cordeliers to the possession of Bethlehem and of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem which places had been possessed by the Armenians in the year 1625. The Emperor Osman Son of the Emperor Achmet always Victorious I who am by the infinite Graces of the Almighty Creator and by the abundant Miracles of the chief of the Prophets Emperour of Victorious Emperours Distributor of Crowns to the greatest Princes of the Earth Keeper of the two sacred and most august Cities the fairest amongst all those of the World Mecha and Medina Protector of the Holy Jerusalem Lord of the greatest part of Europe Asia and Africa conquered with our Victorious Sword to wit of the Countries and Kingdoms of Greece Themeswar Bosne Seget Natolia Caramania Egypt and of all the Countries of the Parthians Curdes and Georgians of the Iron-Gate of the Countries of the Prince of the little Tartars Cyprus Diarbeck Aleppo Erzerum Damascus Babylon the Balzaradick Arabians Abechy Thunis Tripoli Barbary and of so many other Countries Isles Streights Passages People Families Generations and of so many Thousand millions of valiant Soldiers who rest under the Obedience and Justice of me who am Emperor Osman Son of the Emperor Achmet of the Emperor Mahomet of the Emperor Amurath of the Emperor Selim of the Emperor Solyman by the Grace of God the Retreat of the greatest Princes of the World and Refuge of the most honorable Emperors Amurath IV. was the Son of Achmet and Brother of Osman after the Death of Achmet the Janisaries as we have said put Mustapha his Brother upon the Throne and afterwards having sent him back again to Prison they crowned Osman But in the sequel the same Insolent Militia re-called Mustapha who caused Osman to be strangled and the Government of that Prince being disagreeable unto them they remanded him to Prison Amurath at the Age of fifteen years was saluted Emperor in the Month of September 1623. and in the year 1626. he besieged Bagdet but the Persians defended themselves so vigorously that in the year 1630. the Turks were forced to withdraw Amurath had the Trouble of losing Hali Basha and divers places which the Persians and Arabians took from him Besides that the Poles and Cossacks gave him the allarm so hot that the Viziers were resolved to dethrone him if the Peace which he made with these People had not altered their minds Amurath concerned himself indirectly in the Affairs of the Protestants of Germany at the Sollicitation and under the Conduct of Ragotski but it happened to the Confusion of both He had at length the Pleasure to be revenged on the Persians In the year 1638. He set out into the Field as it is thought one of the most numerous Armies that ever the Ottomans had on foot and making use of the favourable juncture of the War betwixt the Persians and Mogols he besieged Bagdet and took it in fourty days time Amurath enjoyed not that Victory long for his Debauches brought him to his Grave the 8th of February 1640. in the Two and thirtieth year of his Age. This Amurath IV. in a Letter which he wrote to the King of Hungary in the year 1640. took the following Titles By the Grace of the Almighty God in Heaven we Soly-Mahomet only God upon Earth full of invincible Graces and Omnipotent Emperour of Babylon in Judea from the Sun-rising to its Setting King of all the Kings of the Earth King of all Arabia and Media Duke sprung from the Noble Stem of Greece and Armenia born Triumphant King of Jerusalem Lord and Protector of the Holy Sepulcher of
contudit Dejecit affectato Regno Palatinum Pragam recepit Subegit Bohemiam Moraviam pacavit In Hungaria Posonium Tirnaviam aliaque oppida Regi suo asseruit Denique dum ad Neosolium Infestam obsessorum eruptionem fortiter sustinens Equo quem in hostem admiserat longius trucidato Ipse sedecim vulneribus saucius Lanceâque ad extremum confossus Non finem vitae suae Sed melius auctius quam apud Mantinaeam Epaminondas Initium reperit ALTSOL Is a Town lying upon the same River of Gran lower than Newsol betwixt it and the Town of Cremnitz HERN-GRUNDT Is a little Town standing on a pretty high Ground though it be betwixt two Hills The place it stands on goes by the same Name and is but a mile from Newsol SCHEMNITZ The biggest of all the Towns in Hungary where there are Mines and in it there is a great deal of Silver found daily The Town is very well built hath three fair Churches and most part of the Inhabitants are Lutherans It hath also three Castles the first is the old Castle that stands in the Town where one may hear pretty pleasant Musick at six of the Clock in the morning and six at night which is performed by means of an Engine that they have found out The second is the new Castle built by a Lady who caused the Gibbet that stood upon a Hill to be removed and a stately Fabrick to be erected in place of it The third is upon the top of a very high Hill where there is always a Sentinel to discover the approach of the Turks and to give notice of it by firing a great Gun. The Streets lye upwards and downwards upon the side of the Hill and all the Country is very uneven CREMNITZ This is but a very little Town but hath large Suburbs and stands on very high Ground It is thought that St. John's Church which is pretty near it is built on the highest Ground of all Hungary It is the ancientest of all the Towns where Mines are and is also the richest of all the seven which are called Schemnitz Cremnitz Newsol Koninsbergs Bochantz Libeten and Tiln VIROVICHITZ Lying before the Isle of St. Andrew is a place in high Esteem for the lovely Vines and good Grapes that grow there Near it there is a demolished Stone Building upon the side of the Isle of St. Andrew where it is said that heretofore there was a Stone Bridge MAROS Is on the other side of Vicegrad near the Isle of St. Andrew It hath a very lovely Church and being a place that heretofore yielded voluntarily to the Turks the Christians are not much tormented there but only pay a yearly Tribute of very small Consequence PEST On the other side of the Danube towards the East is the Town of Pest that is square and seated in a very lovely Plain it looks very pretty from Buda because of its Walls and the Towers of its Mosques It gives the Name to all the Countrey about which therefore is called Comitatus Pesthiensis the County of Pest for Hungary is divided into Counties as well as England Betwixt this place and Buda there is a fair Bridge of Boats at least half a mile over it hath been taken and re-taken whereby it is much ruined and the Town of Buda which is over against it standing on an Eminence whereas this lies in a Plain so commands it that it can batter it down with great Guns unless on the side of the Gate of Agria which is covered by the Town The Imperial Forces took it in the year 1684. when they invested Buda but quitting that Siege they also abandoned Pest though now in this present year 1686. they have again made themselves Masters of it HADWAN Lies upon the Zagywe to the North of Pest and fortifyed with Earth but not so as that the Turks repose great assurance on it It was taken by the Christians in the year 1596. but afterwards abandoned to the Turks in the year 1603. and is not above six Leagues from Pest To close up the Description of the Towns of Upper Hungary I shall subjoin the Latin Epigram made upon the Revolt of the Towns that espoused the Party of Teckely EPIGRAMMA In septem Superioris Hungariae Fortalitia Duce Teckelio Caesari Rebellantia CAstrorum septem crudelis impia tellus Quid Dominum contra perfida colla levas Oblita es famulam saltem te agnosce parentem Hic tibi ni Princeps esset alumnus erat Divitiisnè tumes cecidit Campania dives An populo Marathon millia quanta premit Sed tibi fortè animos perjurus proditor auget Aspice quà m stultum stulta sequare Ducem Sit licet ille ferox sit bellare peritus Sit licet ille potens improba causa sua est Vincitur ut causâ pariter vincetur Armis Bella placent justo non nisi justa Deo. CHAP. VII Of the Towns of Lower Hungary BUDA BEfore the Turks invaded Hungary the City of Buda was the Metropolis of the Kingdom the Ancients called it Curta and the Germans Offen It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town lying upon the side of a Hill the Foot whereof is washed by the Danube which at that place is above half a mile over It hath a Bridge of Boats over it that joins the City of Buda to the little Town of Pest lying on the opposite side In Buda are to be seen the Ruines of several stately Palaces built heretofore by Matthias Corvinus King of Hungary and his Predecessours which the Turks neglect and let fall into decay This is a large fair and well built Town but ill peopled and hath hardly any Inhabitants but the Spahies and Janisaries of the Garrison which is always very numerous After the Death of John Zapol Count of Scepus and Elba King of Hungary his Widow Elisabeth of Poland and his Son Stephen called in the Turks to their Assistance against Ferdinand of Austria who was elected King. The Germans besieged Buda and the Turks having defeated them made themselves Masters of the Town under pretext of Friendship sending the Queen her Son and George Martinisius who had been chief Minister to the late King into Transilvania This Town is the Residence of a Beglerbey whose Authority extends over twenty Sangiacks The Bassa of Buda hath more Authority than the others have and the Garrison consists commonly of eight or ten Thousand Men. Some take it to be the Curta of Ptolomy and others for the Aguincum of the Itinerary of Antonine It is very hard to be positive as to that and all that can be said are but Conjectures But it is a Fable that the Brother of Attila built it and called it by his Name Budaeus For that Brother of Attila was named Bleda and not Budaeus as the Fabulous pretend Solyman rendered himself Master of Buda the 20eth of August 1526. and in the year 1527. Ferdinand I. King of Bohemia Brother to the Emperour