that_o time_n consul_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n be_v so_o well_o manage_v on_o both_o side_n that_o antony_n lose_v the_o field_n and_o the_o consul_n their_o life_n caesar_n octavianus_n remain_v absolute_a commander_n of_o a_o puissant_a and_o numerous_a army_n into_o who_o favour_n he_o by_o his_o dexterity_n so_o cunning_o insinuate_v himself_o and_o make_v so_o good_a improvement_n of_o his_o talon_n and_o such_o advantage_n of_o the_o opportunity_n that_o this_o prove_v the_o basis_n and_o foundation_n of_o his_o future_a grandeur_n but_o afterward_o when_o the_o say_v c._n octavianus_n m._n antonius_n and_o m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n enter_v into_o the_o society_n of_o the_o triumvirate_n thereupon_o the_o city_n have_v very_a course_n usage_n and_o be_v expose_v to_o very_o great_a slaughter_n by_o constantine_n the_o great_a because_o that_o it_o favour_v maxentius_n but_o the_o victory_n be_v once_o obtain_v it_o be_v restore_v and_o the_o christian_n become_v possess_v of_o it_o it_o be_v dignify_v with_o a_o episcopal_a seat_n and_o geminianus_n a_o learned_a man_n make_v bishop_n thereof_o after_o this_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o ash_n by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o lombard_n a_o furious_a and_o barbarous_a people_n as_o s._n ambrose_n relate_v the_o story_n affirm_v that_o he_o see_v modena_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n upon_o the_o via_fw-la aemilia_n suffer_v a_o total_a devastation_n but_o these_o barbarian_n be_v afterward_o expulse_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a who_o establish_v his_o son_n pepin_n king_n of_o italy_n and_o then_o the_o citizen_n of_o modena_n who_o name_n be_v engrave_v on_o the_o gate_n quit_v their_o sad_a but_o secure_a retirement_n whither_o they_o confine_v themselves_o during_o the_o distraction_n and_o turmoil_n that_o italy_n then_o labour_v under_o take_v counsel_n how_o to_o rebuild_v this_o city_n and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o erect_v it_o in_o that_o form_n as_o now_o it_o appear_v in_o they_o be_v now_o their_o own_o master_n free_a from_o the_o vassalage_n of_o a_o insult_a enemy_n and_o sole_o at_o their_o own_o disposal_n and_o have_v the_o jurisdiction_n within_o themselves_o they_o only_o retain_v the_o roman_a name_n but_o yet_o be_v not_o so_o much_o at_o rest_n but_o they_o have_v several_a skirmish_n with_o their_o neighbour_n especial_o the_o people_n of_o bologna_n about_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o their_o country_n during_o the_o distraction_n and_o trouble_n of_o italy_n between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o pope_n guido_n the_o pope_n legate_n and_o then_o bishop_n thereof_o consign_v it_o over_o to_o azo_n one_o of_o the_o house_n of_o este_n lord_n of_o ferrara_n anno_fw-la 1304_o the_o pope_n consent_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o annual_a payment_n of_o the_o tribute_n of_o 10000_o crown_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o power_n of_o that_o house_n bersius_fw-la marquis_n of_o ferrara_n be_v create_v duke_n of_o mutina_n by_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o three_o anno_fw-la 1312_o she_o have_v the_o family_n of_o the_o mirandulae_n her_o master_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n anno_fw-la 1319._o the_o bonacelsii_n tyrant_n of_o mantua_n be_v compel_v thereunto_o by_o the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o guelphi_n anno_fw-la 1331_o the_o pii_fw-la govern_v she_o at_o first_o under_o the_o name_n of_o captain_n afterward_o of_o prince_n furthermore_o anno_fw-la 1336_o the_o atestini_n or_o family_n d'esteé_v succeed_v they_o who_o be_v marquess_n of_o ferrara_n by_o the_o pope_n leave_n and_o permission_n and_o they_o govern_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1510_o when_o pope_n julius_n 11_o take_v the_o city_n and_o give_v it_o to_o maximilian_n 1_o emperor_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o anno_fw-la 1514_o hypotheque_v to_o pope_n leo_n the_o ten_o for_o 10000_o crown_n last_o in_o the_o year_n 1527_o when_o clement_n the_o pope_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o lmperialist_n it_o be_v retake_v by_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o the_o atestini_n or_o family_n of_o esté_fw-fr by_o who_o it_o be_v increase_v with_o building_n wall_n and_o fence_v with_o ditch_n and_o grow_v up_o by_o degree_n to_o the_o present_a splendour_n state_n and_o grandeur_n thus_o far_o the_o ancient_a author_n particular_o livy_n and_o the_o modern_a also_o as_o blondus_n corius_n platina_n sabellicus_n volaterranus_n and_o leandro_n beside_o what_o we_o find_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o city_n and_o bologna_n likewise_o modena_n be_v marshal_v by_o pliny_n in_o the_o eight_o region_n of_o italy_n and_o call_v by_o ptolemy_n a_o city_n of_o gallia_n togata_fw-la be_v wash_v by_o the_o rivulet_n or_o brook_n formigo_n it_o be_v heretofore_o situate_v somewhat_o high_o towards_o the_o mountain_n than_o now_o it_o be_v at_o present_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n of_o some_o antiquate_a edifice_n stand_v somewhat_o distant_a from_o the_o ancient_a modena_n as_o leandro_n intimate_v more_o at_o large_a the_o city_n be_v noble_a and_o splendid_a of_o a_o orbicular_a form_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_n not_o far_o from_o the_o apennines_n which_o be_v call_v the_o back_n or_o rather_o backbone_n of_o italy_n because_o like_o the_o spina_n in_o the_o body_n they_o divide_v italy_n into_o two_o part_n or_o side_n west_n or_o north._n it_o be_v beautify_v with_o a_o cathedral_n church_n the_o door_n whereof_o be_v worthy_a admiration_n for_o many_o thing_n but_o particular_o for_o the_o famous_a marble-statue_n of_o adam_n and_o eve_n it_o flourish_v with_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o episcopacy_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bologna_n and_o be_v also_o adorn_v with_o a_o academy_n in_o which_o azo_n the_o civilian_n teach_v the_o imperial_a law_n it_o be_v a_o pleasant_a soil_n abound_v with_o fruit_n and_o grain_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o the_o best_a wine_n call_v vinum_fw-la tribianum_fw-la this_o city_n be_v great_o amplify_v by_o alphonso_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o esté_fw-fr it_o be_v populous_a and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v noble_a and_o ingenuous_a and_o better_a nature_a than_o most_o of_o italy_n they_o be_v quick_a in_o their_o resolution_n easy_a to_o be_v pacify_v when_o injure_v debonnair_a and_o courteous_a in_o their_o entertainment_n and_o treat_v of_o stranger_n though_o they_o be_v ill_a and_o foolish_o treat_v by_o some_o over-censorious_a italian_n when_o injurious_o nickname_n it_o modena_n lapazza_n foolish_a modena_n it_o be_v a_o malicious_a and_o undeserved_a reflection_n upon_o that_o people_n the_o female_n be_v of_o a_o meek_a and_o patient_a temper_n neither_o too_o amorous_a nor_o too_o coy_a too_o courtly_a nor_o too_o peevish_a as_o they_o be_v in_o other_o place_n for_o the_o generality_n they_o be_v very_o much_o applaud_v also_o by_o mr._n warcup_n in_o his_o history_n of_o venice_n where_o he_o enumerate_v the_o several_a city_n of_o italy_n in_o verse_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o italian_a and_o conclude_v thus_o foligno_n candy_a street_n most_o pleasant_a be_v the_o lady_n in_o fano_fw-la so_o smooth_a and_o fair_a that_o say_v they_o be_v from_o heaven_n send_v to_o be_v but_o modena_n more_o happy_a be_v than_o she_o modena_n have_v be_v the_o nursery_n of_o many_o famous_a and_o learned_a man_n some_o whereof_z be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o nicolaus_n leorinus_n silesius_n a_o learned_a and_o elegant_a poet_n in_o his_o catalogue_n of_o learned_a man_n that_o flourish_v in_o his_o age._n vrbs_fw-la venetum_n bembos_fw-la loquor_fw-la balbosque_fw-la poetas_fw-la naugeriosque_fw-la suos_fw-la mantua_n virgilii_n capilupos_fw-la numine_fw-la plenos_fw-la castiliosque_fw-la deuce_n at_o molsas_n mutina_n &_o sadoleto_n jactat_fw-la alumnos_fw-la cortesiosque_fw-la svas_fw-la etc._n etc._n modena_n have_v produce_v these_o eminent_a person_n hercules_n rangonus_n james_n sadolet_n a_o man_n of_o exquisite_a learning_n gregory_n cortesius_n of_o the_o order_n of_o benedictines_n thomas_n badias_n of_o the_o fraternity_n of_o praedicant_o who_o be_v elect_v cardinal_n by_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o she_o be_v also_o ennoble_v by_o charles_n sigonius_n a_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o a_o eminent_a historian_n she_o be_v the_o mistress_n of_o vgo_n rangonus_n praesul_fw-la of_o reggio_n of_o francis_n maria_n molza_n john_n franciscus_n furnius_n it_o have_v breed_v up_o some_o that_o be_v very_o much_o renown_v in_o war_n as_o nicolas_n and_o gerard_n rangonus_n hannibal_n and_o guido_n both_o son_n of_o nicolas_n there_o be_v many_o noble_a family_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o duke_n as_o the_o pii_fw-la the_o mirandulani_fw-la bonacelsii_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o conclusion_n but_o above_o all_o the_o family_n d'esté_n who_o be_v now_o lord_n of_o it_o the_o city_n be_v very_o much_o ennoble_v and_o enrich_v by_o the_o constant_a residence_n of_o the_o duke_n nor_o be_v she_o without_o her_o
citadel_n wherein_o according_a to_o credible_a report_n there_o be_v store_v up_o arm_n for_o forty_o thousand_o man_n at_o least_o a_o very_a considerable_a business_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o our_o consideration_n and_o description_n be_v the_o city_n of_o reggio_n in_o this_o dukedom_n of_o modena_n aemilia_n dein_fw-ge via_fw-la pergenti_fw-la dextra_fw-la seciae_fw-la ripa_fw-la omissa_fw-la regium_fw-la lepidi_n occurrit_fw-la ripae_fw-la crustuli_n laevae_fw-la adpositum_fw-la say_v merula_n in_o his_o cosmography_n as_o to_o its_o name_n it_o be_v call_v by_o tully_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o cassius_n and_o other_o regium_n lepidi_n by_o tacitus_n regium_fw-la lepidum_fw-la by_o strabo_n l._n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o antoninus_n regium_n only_o and_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o reggio_n in_o this_o place_n heretofore_o there_o be_v forum_n lepidi_n as_o festus_n observe_v the_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v regienses_n from_o lepidus_n in_o pliny_n as_o also_o regini_n à _fw-la regio_fw-la julio_n nor_o have_v heaven_n be_v more_o propitious_a to_o this_o city_n or_o fortune_n more_o favourable_a than_o to_o modena_n for_o it_o have_v run_v almost_o the_o same_o risk_a and_o taste_v of_o the_o same_o misery_n and_o misfortune_n it_o be_v at_o first_o make_v a_o roman_a colony_n as_o well_o as_o modena_n m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n who_o give_v it_o a_o name_n t._n ebusius_n carus_n and_o l._n quinctius_n crispinus_n be_v then_o triumvir_n it_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o goth_n when_o they_o make_v incursion_n into_o and_o embarass_v all_o italy_n under_o alarico_n their_o king_n the_o citizen_n be_v constrain_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fury_n of_o a_o enrage_a and_o barbarous_a enemy_n to_o abandon_v it_o and_o flee_v to_o more_o secure_a retirement_n and_o place_n till_o the_o lombard_n be_v conquer_v and_o beat_v out_o of_o italy_n by_o charles_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 800_o at_o what_o time_n by_o degree_n the_o citizen_n return_v to_o their_o desolate_a city_n and_o begin_v to_o restore_v repair_n and_o immure_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o itself_o for_o some_o time_n in_o liberty_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o other_o city_n in_o italy_n and_o this_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1286_o and_o then_o it_o come_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o earl_n and_o prince_n and_o it_o be_v first_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o canosse_n than_o those_o of_o esté_fw-fr the_o caesar_n the_o king_n of_o france_n than_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o papal_a sea_n and_o have_v also_o the_o foliani_n scaliger_n gonzagae_fw-la and_o ottobuoni_n for_o its_o lord_n so_o blondus_n antoninus_n platina_n and_o sabellicus_n so_o far_a morula_fw-la heylin_n say_v when_o they_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o canosse_n they_o grow_v weary_a of_o that_o yoke_n and_o recover_v their_o liberty_n which_o be_v unable_a to_o maintain_v in_o those_o bustle_a time_n they_o give_v themselves_o to_o obizo_n the_o father_n of_o azo_n anno_fw-la 1292._o and_o after_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1326_o to_o the_o sea_n of_o rome_n pass_v through_o many_o hand_n it_o be_v at_o last_o sell_v for_o 60000_o ducat_n to_o the_o visconti_n lord_n of_o milan_n a_o 1370_o and_o in_o the_o end_n recover_v by_o the_o house_n of_o esté_fw-fr anno_fw-la 1409_o and_o give_v the_o title_n of_o a_o duke_n to_o borsius_fw-la marquis_n of_o ferrara_n who_o frederick_n the_o 3._o make_v duke_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n anno_fw-la 1452._o the_o successor_n of_o borsius_fw-la hold_v the_o estate_n together_o till_o the_o death_n of_o alphonso_n the_o first_o duke_n who_o die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n anno_fw-la 1592._o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o caesar_n d'esté_n his_o nephew_n by_o a_o natural_a son_n call_v alphonso_n also_o between_o who_o and_o pope_n clement_n the_o 8_o a_o war_n be_v threaten_v for_o the_o whole_a but_o at_o last_o comprimise_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n shall_v have_v ferrara_n with_o all_o the_o land_n and_o territory_n appertain_v to_o it_o as_o a_o estate_n ancient_o hold_v of_o that_o sea_n and_o that_o modena_n and_o reggio_n be_v imperial_a feif_n shall_v remain_v to_o caesar_n but_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o papal_a throne_n duke_n caesar_n to_o have_v leave_n to_o carry_v away_o all_o his_o moveable_n to_o sell_v such_o of_o his_o land_n as_o be_v not_o of_o the_o ancient_a demain_fw-fr of_o the_o dukedom_n and_o to_o have_v one_o half_a of_o the_o ordnance_n and_o artillery_n by_o which_o agreement_n the_o city_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n become_v a_o new-erected_n state_n distinct_a and_o independent_a of_o any_o other_o each_o city_n be_v well_o fortify_v garison_v and_o furnish_v with_o ordnance_n for_o defence_n thereof_o but_o what_o they_o yield_v unto_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o way_n of_o revenue_n and_o what_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v out_o of_o his_o estate_n i_o can_v positive_o determine_v but_o by_o the_o tribute_n former_o pay_v unto_o the_o pope_n for_o the_o city_n of_o mutina_n now_o modena_n and_o the_o rich_a territory_n of_o both_o town_n and_o the_o great_a revenue_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n i_o conceive_v they_o can_v yield_v less_o than_o 100000_o crown_n of_o yearly_a income_n thus_o far_o heylin_n in_o his_o cosmography_n reggio_n say_v merula_n vrbs_fw-la est_fw-la lauta_fw-la nobilis_fw-la frequens_fw-la solo_fw-la sita_fw-la valde_fw-la fertili_fw-la loco_fw-la pulchro_fw-la amoeno_fw-la planeque_fw-la regio_fw-la unde_fw-la illi_fw-la quorundam_fw-la judicio_fw-la nomen_fw-la this_o city_n be_v build_v on_o the_o via_fw-la aemilia_n and_o name_v regium_n lepidi_n by_o strabo_n cicero_n cornelius_n tacitus_n and_o other_o author_n by_o who_o it_o be_v build_v be_v not_o certain_o know_v though_o it_o be_v report_v by_o some_o to_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o toscan_o who_o be_v expulse_v as_o livy_n and_o polybius_n affirm_v the_o gaul_n or_o french_a possess_v it_o and_o afterward_o it_o be_v make_v a_o colony_n by_o m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n one_o of_o the_o triumvir_n t._n ebutius_n carus_n and_o l._n quinctius_n crispinus_n be_v the_o other_o two_o as_o be_v before_o mention_v some_o contend_v that_o marius_n lepidus_n one_o of_o the_o say_a triumvirate_n who_o divide_v the_o roman_a empire_n be_v its_o founder_n other_o that_o it_o be_v build_v long_o before_o his_o time_n but_o by_o he_o make_v a_o colony_n it_o be_v a_o noble_a splendid_a and_o well-peopled_n city_n abound_v with_o all_o thing_n it_o have_v fair_a and_o spacious_a street_n with_o sumptuous_a structure_n as_o the_o magnificent_a church_n of_o s._n prospero_n bishop_n of_o this_o city_n where_o his_o corpse_n be_v devout_o keep_v have_v a_o very_a plentiful_a revenue_n and_o be_v adorn_v with_o excellent_a portraiture_n but_o particular_o with_o some_o piece_n draw_v by_o the_o famous_a correggio_n worthy_a of_o eternal_a fame_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o orchard_n of_o the_o r._n r._n p._n p._n de_fw-fr servi_n be_v not_o long_o since_o discover_v a_o image_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n there_o for_o its_o miracle_n with_o uncommon_a and_o superstitious_a i_o have_v almost_o say_v idolatrous_a veneration_n reggio_n abound_v with_o all_o necessary_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n the_o soil_n be_v extraordinary_a fertile_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n white_a wine_n it_o have_v good_a store_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o wine_n call_v vinum_fw-la helvolum_fw-la of_o its_o colour_n be_v between_o a_o red_a and_o white_a it_o be_v very_o much_o fame_v and_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o the_o rare_a art_n of_o make_v spur_n the_o best_a in_o italy_n and_o other_o mechanical_a piece_n in_o ivory_n polite_o and_o exact_o do_v according_a to_o art_n the_o reggians_n be_v a_o people_n very_o courteous_a and_o affable_a of_o a_o good_a mein_fw-ge and_o presence_n of_o present_a wit_n and_o quick_a apprehension_n vivacious_a and_o sprightly_a and_o to_o be_v mould_v and_o bring_v to_o any_o great_a or_o august_a employment_n the_o woman_n as_o those_o of_o modena_n be_v very_o mild_a and_o the_o fine_a in_o all_o italy_n it_o be_v adorn_v d_o with_o a_o bishopric_n subject_a to_o the_o same_o archbishop_n as_o modena_n and_o have_v bring_v forth_o many_o famous_a man_n who_o have_v render_v it_o very_o illustrious_a as_o d._n maximus_n one_o of_o its_o bishop_n guido_n sagaranus_n philip_n casolus_fw-la james_n columbus_n charles_n ruinus_fw-la francis_n belius_fw-la julius_n scarlatinus_n famous_a lawyer_n sebastianus_n carradus_n profound_o learn_v in_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a tongue_n and_o bartholomew_n crottus_fw-la a_o great_a poet_n of_o his_o time_n it_o contain_v many_o noble_a family_n as_o the_o
atestini_n do_v exercise_v this_o magistracy_n there_o and_o this_o the_o inscription_n of_o a_o old_a stone_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v preserve_v by_o these_o prince_n this_o c._n atius_n have_v two_o son_n aurelius_n and_o flavius_n ateste_n be_v thus_o build_v and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o venetia_n be_v call_v afterward_o esté_fw-fr and_o have_v four_o gate_n oppose_v to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o black_a the_o white_a the_o triumphal_a and_o the_o capitoline_n gate_n in_o the_o romilian_a tribe_n say_v the_o author_n it_o be_v found_v by_o the_o atii_fw-la ruin_v by_o acarinus_n and_o restore_v by_o aldoardus_n and_o than_o it_o be_v make_v a_o earldom_n afterward_o create_v a_o marquisate_n and_o enlarge_v besiege_v by_o the_o paduan_n take_v by_o ezelinus_n recover_v by_o azo_n burn_v by_o ezelinus_n possess_v by_o those_o of_o padua_n and_o then_o restore_v to_o azo_n and_o afterward_o to_o albertus_n thus_o you_o have_v in_o short_a a_o brief_a narrative_n of_o the_o ancient_a atii_fw-la the_o original_n of_o the_o atestini_n or_o estense_n as_o our_o modern_a author_n write_v they_o which_o be_v the_o most_o know_a name_n and_o they_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o duke_n of_o esté_fw-fr the_o family_n d'esté_n at_o present_a duke_n of_o modena_n which_o be_v account_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o 7_o great_a prince_n of_o italy_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a division_n which_o be_v the_o pope_n king_n of_o spain_n duke_n of_o savoy_n toscany_n modena_n parma_n and_o montoa_n they_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o allo_fw-la marquis_n of_o esté_fw-fr who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o surname_n which_o the_o family_n be_v know_v by_o to_o this_o day_n of_o the_o city_n esté_fw-fr and_o still_o appertain_v to_o they_o de_fw-mi jure_fw-la he_o marry_v alda_n daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o which_o happen_v a_o 1000_o and_o he_o have_v with_o she_o for_o dower_n modena_n and_o reggio_n theobaldo_n d'esté_n otho_n grandchild_n be_v seize_v of_o ferrara_n in_o the_o year_n 1055_o from_o pope_n john_n the_o 12_o but_o they_o be_v disseize_v and_o absolute_o dispossess_v of_o it_o by_o clement_n the_o 8_o anno_fw-la 1598._o after_o the_o decease_n of_o alfonso_n the_o second_o for_o want_v of_o lawful_a issue_n male_a yet_o caesar_n d'esté_n be_v then_o in_o be_v who_o be_v son_n of_o alfonso_n by_o laura_n ferraress_n and_o he_o offer_v to_o clear_v it_o by_o manifest_a proof_n that_o his_o father_n be_v lawful_o marry_v to_o his_o mother_n and_o he_o the_o legitimate_a heir_n but_o the_o pope_n be_v too_o hard_o for_o he_o be_v sure_o possess_v of_o that_o which_o he_o so_o greedy_o thirst_v after_o and_o that_o family_n still_o lay_v claim_v to_o it_o by_o a_o legal_a pretention_n b_o ut_fw-la the_o holy_a father_n and_o he_o you_o know_v be_v infallible_a will_v prove_v he_o to_o be_v a_o natural_a son_n yet_o maugre_o all_o this_o opposition_n the_o duke_n be_v still_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n the_o principality_n of_o carpi_n and_o correggio_n the_o earldom_n of_o roli_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o sassevil_n garfagna_n and_o frignano_n by_o the_o late_a treaty_n of_o pisa_n here_o be_v indeed_o a_o dispute_n between_o he_o and_o the_o papal_a crown_n about_o the_o valley_n of_o comachio_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o hot_a b_o ut_fw-mi it_z cool_v at_o length_n and_o be_v decide_v upon_o these_o condition_n the_o prince_n be_v to_o receive_v 400000_o crown_n for_o they_o which_o be_v according_o pay_v and_o 40000_o more_o for_o damage_n and_o some_o other_o advantageous_a term_n these_o land_n which_o we_o have_v before_o specify_v together_o with_o those_o which_o he_o possess_v in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n yield_v he_o annual_o full_a 500000_o crown_n all_o his_o dominion_n be_v contiguous_a and_o join_v close_a one_o to_o the_o other_o which_o render_v he_o more_o considerable_a and_o his_o strength_n and_o force_n consist_v in_o the_o number_n of_o his_o people_n carfagnana_n alone_o be_v a_o province_n belong_v to_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v fourscore_o and_o odd_a place_n well_o wall_v about_o beside_o several_a other_o stronghold_n he_o be_v able_a upon_o urgent_a occasion_n to_o lead_v into_o the_o field_n 20000_o of_o the_o infantry_n and_o 1000_o of_o the_o cavalry_n well_o arm_v and_o accoutre_v and_o far_o he_o can_v without_o any_o inconveniency_n whatsoever_o maintain_v and_o keep_v half_a of_o that_o number_n his_o his_o country_n it_o be_v true_a and_o can_v be_v deny_v lie_v open_a to_o several_a border_a prince_n not_o for_o want_v of_o good_a place_n and_o well-fortified_n castle_n for_o he_o have_v many_o seat_v at_o a_o very_a convenient_a distance_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o his_o terroir_n or_o land_n lie_v level_a and_o upon_o even_a ground_n the_o prince_n of_o modena_n follow_v the_o general_a maxim_n of_o their_o neighbour_n viz._n to_o keep_v a_o good_a correspondence_n with_o venice_n which_o be_v always_o repute_v the_o protectress_n of_o italian_a liberty_n but_o since_o the_o loss_n of_o ferrara_n they_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o spaniard_n till_o their_o interest_n of_o late_o wrought_v a_o change_n upon_o their_o inclination_n for_o duke_n francis_n be_v in_o the_o late_a italian_a war_n make_v general_n of_o the_o french_a and_o mazarine_n niece_n marry_v to_o prince_n almerigo_n his_o son_n who_o have_v leave_v a_o young_a son_n to_o succeed_v he_o all_o thing_n at_o present_a be_v manage_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o cardinal_n d'esté_n protector_n of_o the_o french_a interest_n at_o rome_n and_o the_o sole_a promoter_n of_o the_o late_a union_n of_o his_o house_n to_o the_o french_a crown_n he_o be_v uncle_n to_o the_o now_o duke_n of_o modena_n a_o very_a active_a and_o stir_a person_n and_o have_v make_v the_o world_n speak_v honourable_o of_o he_o for_o his_o action_n both_o in_o peace_n and_o war._n he_o be_v extraordinary_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o art_n of_o conceal_v his_o resentment_n and_o understand_v the_o old_a motto_n qui_fw-la nescit_fw-la dissimulare_fw-la etc._n etc._n at_o rome_n he_o keep_v his_o palace_n with_o more_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n than_o any_o of_o the_o cardinalate_n and_o though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o frequent_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o a_o numerous_a train_n of_o people_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o constant_o and_o well_o pay_v he_o be_v a_o zealot_n in_o the_o french_a cause_n by_o who_o friendship_n his_o family_n be_v enrich_v and_o well_o money_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a generalship_n as_o also_o the_o country_n for_o the_o soldier_n take_v up_o their_o winter-quarter_n in_o modena_n which_o occasion_v a_o great_a resort_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n as_o well_o as_o inferior_a person_n and_o this_o do_v help_v the_o poor_a populace_n to_o pay_v the_o gabel_n with_o which_o they_o be_v heavy_o burden_v at_o present_v there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o name_n and_o relation_n carlo_n d'esté_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o fleece_n who_o attend_v on_o the_o empress_n the_o duke_n of_o modena_n have_v this_o advantage_n beyond_o most_o italian_a prince_n that_o some_o of_o his_o subject_n have_v feif_n of_o the_o empire_n there_o be_v many_o great_a family_n as_o the_o rich_a earl_n di_fw-mi san_n paolo_n the_o bentivogli_n rangoni_n buoncompagni_n the_o marquis_n spilimberto_n peppoli_n gualengo_n di_fw-mi vignola_n and_o gualteri_n the_o earl_n caprari_fw-la san_n martino_n di_fw-it molsa_fw-la di_fw-it malvisia_n montecuculi_fw-la tassoni_n ferrareze_n di_fw-mi conoscia_n and_o some_o other_o but_o all_o prince_n and_o republic_n in_o italy_n the_o venetian_a sole_o except_v do_v homage_n or_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o pope_n or_o emperor_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n among_o the_o rest_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n for_o his_o whole_a state_n ranuccio_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o sister_n of_o the_o late_a duke_n she_o be_v his_o second_o wife_n his_o former_a die_v without_o issue_n the_o present_a duke_n of_o modena_n francis_n the_o second_o be_v very_o young_a so_o that_o we_o have_v nothing_o to_o mention_v of_o his_o person_n and_o if_o he_o be_v of_o year_n we_o must_v say_v of_o he_o as_o of_o other_o prince_n of_o italy_n they_o be_v extreme_o reserve_v live_v very_o retire_o cautious_o receive_v foreigner_n so_o that_o stranger_n rare_o have_v admission_n into_o their_o court_n or_o free_a access_n to_o their_o person_n for_o any_o continuance_n they_o live_v a_o kind_n of_o recluse_n and_o private_a life_n afford_v no_o matter_n of_o observation_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a that_o visit_n foreign_a country_n josepha-maria_a d'esté_n at_o present_a the_o illustrious_a duchess_n of_o york_n be_v sister_n to_o the_o abovementioned_a francis_n duke_n of_o modena_n and_o daughter_n of_o laura_n martinozza_n the_o now_o duchess_n dowager_n by_o who_o she_o be_v accompany_v to_o dover_n where_o her_o nuptial_n be_v solemn_o celebrate_v be_v marry_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n crew_n bishop_n of_o oxford_n to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a prince_n his_o royal_a highness_n james_n duke_n of_o york_n who_o god_n preserve_v to_o conclude_v all_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o house_n of_o esté_fw-fr the_o present_a duke_n of_o modena_n be_v of_o that_o noble_a and_o illustrious_a family_n be_v a_o coat_n for_o its_o strangeness_n much_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o be_v thus_o blazon_v the_o arm_n be_v palewise_o of_o three_o piece_n first_o party_n per_fw-la fess_n in_o the_o chief_a or_n a_o eagle_n display_v sable_n member_v languid_a and_o crown_v gules_a and_o in_o base_a azure_a three_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_n within_o a_o bordure_n indent_v or_o and_o gules_a second_o gules_a two_o key_n in_o saltier_n the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o argent_fw-fr charge_v in_o fess_n with_o a_o escutcheon_n of_o pretence_n azure_a support_v a_o eagle_n of_o the_o three_o member_v and_o crown_v of_o the_o second_o over_o all_o in_o chief_z a_o papal_z crown_n or_o garnish_v with_o sundry_a gem_n azure_a and_o purple_a three_o the_o three_o as_o the_o first_o counterplace_v now_o this_o coat_n upon_o the_o failer_z of_o the_o house_n of_o ferrara_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n d'esté_n since_o duke_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n finis_fw-la
signori_fw-it canossae_n manfredi_n fogliani_n and_o sessi_fw-la who_o possess_v great_a lordship_n there_o and_o have_v very_o noble_a and_o large_a castle_n for_o their_o apartment_n or_o manor-house_n now_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o account-of_a these_o two_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o modena_n i_o will_v cast_v my_o eye_n with_o a_o retrospect_n upon_o some_o other_o famous_a castle_n town_n and_o place_n within_o their_o territory_n and_o acquaint_v you_o with_o some_o passage_n and_o rarity_n that_o may_v merit_v the_o observation_n and_o gratify_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o diligent_a and_o industrious_a enquirer_n that_o will_v make_v it_o his_o business_n to_o pry_v into_o they_o on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n po_n say_v my_o author_n there_o stand_v the_o arx_n stellata_fw-la a_o castle_n fabrique_v by_o nicolas_n 3._o of_o the_o house_n of_o esté_fw-fr who_o be_v marquis_n of_o ferrara_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v in_o process_n of_o time_n overthrow_v by_o the_o legion_n of_o pope_n julius_n the_o 11_o and_o the_o venetian_n and_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n po_n be_v see_v a_o new-built_a town_n call_v rovero_n a_o neat_a and_o large_a place_n towards_o the_o south_n of_o modena_n under_o the_o apennines_n stand_v formagine_v spezzano_n and_o ten_o mile_n off_o sassulo_n a_o noble_a and_o civil_a place_n with_o a_o sumptuous_a castle_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o pii_fw-la water_v by_o the_o river_n secchia_n where_o be_v also_o a_o fair_a church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n about_o half_a a_o mile_n short_a of_o sassulo_n be_v the_o temple_n of_o the_o saint_n maria_n sassutina_n so_o call_v from_o the_o castle_n sassulo_n situate_v at_o the_o very_a foot_n of_o the_o apennine_a hill_n or_o mountain_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o secchia_n upon_o these_o mountain_n stand_v many_o other_o village_n and_o hamlet_n and_o be_v plain_o visible_a in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o modena_n these_o castle_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o several_a lord_n and_o particular_o to_o they_o of_o monte_n who_o be_v very_o powerful_a at_o that_o time_n in_o these_o country_n and_o possess_v all_o the_o place_n in_o the_o graffignana_n which_o confine_n on_o bologna_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n sestola_fw-la and_o fanano_n westward_o the_o alps_o of_o san_n pellegrine_n appear_v to_o the_o view_n and_o the_o castle_n acquario_n famous_a for_o its_o bath_n and_o their_o medicinal_a water_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v probable_o conjecture_v it_o take_v its_o denomination_n then_o turn_v to_o the_o south_n run_v the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n somewhat_o near_o bologna_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n panaro_n stand_v vetro_n and_o spilimberto_n former_o call_v spinum_n lamberti_n two_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o signori_fw-it rangoni_n four_o mile_n distant_a from_o thence_o you_o find_v vignola_n a_o town_n dignify_v with_o a_o marquisate_n subject_n to_o the_o signori_fw-it buoncompagni_fw-la which_o border_n upon_o the_o bolognian_a territory_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v situate_v the_o most_o noble_a castle_n or_o rather_o imperial_a city_n call_v carpi_n which_o may_v deserve_o come_v in_o competition_n with_o many_o city_n if_o you_o consider_v the_o populousness_n or_o ingenuity_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o superfluity_n of_o all_o necessary_n it_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o principality_n and_o be_v for_o many_o year_n enjoy_v by_o the_o signori_fw-it pii_fw-la but_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v under_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n then_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ample_a noble_a and_o opulent_a monastery_n of_o s._n benedict_n podolironus_n build_v by_o boniface_n the_o father_n of_o countess_n mathilde_n and_o enlarge_v by_o the_o say_a countess_n who_o sepulchre_n be_v there_o likewise_o and_o guardistallo_n famous_a for_o two_o council_n hold_v there_o one_o under_o pope_n vrban_n the_o 8_o and_o the_o other_o under_o paschal_n the_o 11_o witness_n platina_n in_o the_o history_n of_o their_o life_n and_o blondus_n in_o his_o fourteen_o book_n of_o historical_a relation_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n po_n somewhat_o far_o brescello_n front_v you_o call_v brixillum_fw-la by_o pliny_n in_o his_o three_o book_n and_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o otho_n the_o emperor_n by_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o tacitus_n suetonius_n antoninus_n and_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la it_o be_v former_o a_o city_n say_v leander_n and_o take_v by_o anthare_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n who_o dismantle_v and_o level_v the_o wall_n with_o the_o ground_n according_a to_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la in_o his_o continuation_n of_o eutropius_n l._n 28._o and_o blondus_fw-la in_o the_o 8_o book_n of_o his_o history_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n lenza_n stand_v tanedo_n name_v by_o livy_n in_o many_o place_n and_o pliny_n who_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o man_n there_o 120_o year_n old_a tannetum_n by_o polybius_n tanetus_fw-la by_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o pliny_n call_v the_o people_n tanetani_fw-la it_o be_v subvert_v by_o cese_v king_n of_o the_o lombard_n say_v paulus_n diaconus_fw-la be_v restore_v and_o reduce_v to_o the_o form_n that_o now_o it_o appear_v in_o be_v at_o present_a a_o village_n or_o hamlet_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o modena_n be_v a_o channel_n upon_o which_o you_o may_v pass_v by_o boat_n 8_o mile_n at_o length_n till_o you_o arrive_v at_o finale_n then_o go_v on_o the_o river_n panaro_n where_o the_o channel_n disembarque_v itself_o into_o that_o river_n be_v see_v buon_n porto_n and_o san_n felice_n much_o commend_v for_o generous_a wine_n along_o the_o aemilian_a way_n three_o mile_n from_o modena_n run_v the_o river_n panaro_n near_o which_o be_v the_o confine_n of_o the_o modonesi_n and_o bolognesi_n where_o claudius_n the_o consul_n cope_a with_o his_o enemy_n take_v 15000_o prisoner_n and_o 700_o ligurians_fw-la nay_o far_o in_o this_o very_a place_n rotari_fw-la king_n of_o the_o lombard_n rout_v the_o roman_a army_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o 7000_o soldier_n here_o also_o the_o force_n of_o the_o modonesi_n be_v discomfit_v by_o the_o bolognesi_n euzo_n king_n of_o sardegna_n the_o son_n of_o erderick_n the_o second_o be_v take_v prisoner_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o panaro_n be_v novantola_n with_o a_o monastery_n famous_a both_o for_o its_o antiquity_n as_o well_o as_o stateliness_n found_v by_o anselmo_n near_o relate_v to_o astolfo_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n who_o be_v a_o redoubt_a captain_n in_o their_o army_n near_o the_o aemilian_a way_n between_o bologna_n and_o novantola_n stand_v santa_n agata_fw-la a_o castle_n erect_v by_o barbarossa_n the_o emperor_n and_o crevalcuore_fw-it former_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o allegracuore_n where_o the_o army_n of_o bernabo_n visconte_n lord_n of_o milan_n be_v defeat_v and_o put_v to_o the_o rout._n next_o you_o go_v to_o san_n giovanni_n a_o country_n very_o plentiful_a of_o wheat_n and_o other_o grain_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o via_n aemilia_n stand_v castiglione_n and_o castelfranco_n 15_o mile_n off_o of_o bologna_n where_o some_o few_o year_n pass_v there_o be_v raise_v a_o most_o impregnable_a fort_n by_o pope_n vrban_n the_o 8_o and_o from_o he_o call_v vrbano_fw-la near_o this_o fort_n be_v the_o foro_n di_fw-it galli_n where_o hirtius_n and_o pansa_n two_o roman_a consul_n be_v engage_v with_o m._n antonius_n who_o obtain_v a_o glorious_a victory_n but_o withal_o their_o mortal_a wound_n whereof_o they_o both_o die_v upon_o the_o place_n as_o be_v premention_v then_o there_o appear_v purmanio_n bazanio_n and_o crepellano_n three_o pleasant_a castle_n seat_v on_o those_o hillock_n that_o be_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o apennines_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o aemilian_a way_n five_o mile_n from_o bologna_n be_v the_o river_n lavinio_n and_o ghirondon_n which_o meet_v together_o with_o mutual_a embrace_n joint_o environ_v forcelli_n in_o a_o triangular_a form_n be_v distant_a from_o via_n aemilia_n one_o mile_n where_o octavianus_n m._n antonius_n and_o marius_n lepidus_n share_v the_o monarchy_n between_o they_o this_o forcelli_n be_v now_o a_o peninsula_n though_o it_o may_v be_v perceive_v to_o have_v be_v a_o islet_n former_o afterward_o these_o two_o river_n disgorge_v themselves_o into_o the_o po._n near_a bologna_n there_o be_v see_v a_o stone-bridge_n of_o great_a length_n which_o bestride_v the_o river_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v but_o a_o small_a and_o easy_a mile_n to_o bologna_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o place_n contiguous_a and_o adjacent_a to_o reggio_n near_o which_o there_o appear_v certain_a hill_n that_o erect_v their_o lofty_a crest_n so_o pleasant_o as_o do_v create_v delight_n in_o all_o passenger_n no_o less_o beautify_v
a_o discourse_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o modena_n contain_v the_o origine_fw-la antiquity_n government_n manner_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n as_o also_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o climate_n with_o the_o nature_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n london_n print_v by_o j._n c._n for_o william_n crook_n at_o the_o green_a dragon_n without_o temple-bar_n 1674._o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o modena_n antiquity_n be_v so_o ignorant_a as_o to_o divide_v the_o whole_a world_n into_o two_o part_n only_o viz._n asia_n and_o europe_n comprehend_v africa_n under_o asia_n as_o eratosthenes_n a_o author_n of_o as_o great_a esteem_n as_o antiquity_n some_o under_o europe_n as_o isocrates_n in_o his_o panegyrique_n and_o other_o mention_v in_o sallust_n lucan_n and_o s._n austin_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la but_o the_o most_o celebrate_a division_n be_v into_o three_o part_n europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n or_o libya_n and_o this_o be_v approve_v both_o by_o ancient_a and_o modern_a author_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v cosmography_n be_v unacquainted_a with_o any_o other_o division_n of_o the_o universe_n till_o that_o the_o know_a genovese_n about_o two_o century_n ago_o do_v furnish_v it_o with_o a_o four_o by_o his_o discovery_n of_o america_n the_o most_o usual_a but_o improper_a name_n for_o columbus_n after_o his_o ineffectual_a address_n to_o the_o state_n of_o genova_n anno_fw-la 1486_o and_o to_o henry_n the_o 7_o of_o england_n and_o their_o absolute_a refusal_n he_o spin_v out_o six_o year_n in_o patient_a attendance_n at_o the_o court_n of_o castille_n where_o at_o last_o he_o be_v furnish_v out_o with_o three_o vessel_n more_o proper_a for_o discovery_n than_o conquest_n and_o thus_o he_o first_o find_v it_o out_o and_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o rest_n but_o americus_n vesputius_n the_o florentine_a a_o man_n old_a in_o year_n but_o young_a in_o courage_n employ_v therein_o by_o emanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n survey_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o continent_n by_o the_o light_n he_o have_v from_o columbus_n the_o first_o discoverer_n yet_o the_o florentine_a prove_v the_o godfather_n and_o call_v it_o america_n to_o perpetuate_v his_o own_o name_n and_o eternize_v his_o memory_n john_n cabot_n a_o venetian_a in_o behalf_n of_o henry_n the_o 7_o discover_v all_o the_o north-east_n coast_n thereof_o and_o touch_v many_o place_n americus_n never_o see_v and_o although_o these_o three_o italian_n be_v by_o three_o several_a monarch_n employ_v to_o find_v out_o this_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v so_o vast_a a_o continent_n that_o the_o southern_a part_n be_v to_o this_o day_n altogether_o unknown_a and_o usual_o in_o our_o planisphere_n and_o map_n call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la europe_n as_o to_o its_o magnitude_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n who_o run_v all_o in_o the_o same_o current_n or_o stream_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o other_o three_o though_o to_o none_o of_o they_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o moderate_a and_o wholesome_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n together_o with_o the_o prodigious_a fertility_n of_o its_o soil_n the_o two_o once-famous_a roman_a and_o greek_a monarchy_n the_o study_n and_o improvement_n of_o art_n both_o liberal_a and_o mechanical_a the_o affluence_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o conduce_v either_o to_o the_o support_n or_o pleasure_n of_o man_n or_o above_o all_o the_o purity_n and_o sincerity_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n universal_o profess_v in_o all_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o beside_o the_o well-regulated_n government_n of_o their_o realm_n their_o king_n be_v absolute_a monarch_n but_o not_o arbitrary_a tyrant_n and_o the_o man_n happy_a subject_n not_o miserable_a slave_n which_o keep_v we_o from_o that_o tyranny_n slavery_n injustice_n frequent_a bribery_n beggary_n and_o barbarism_n which_o like_o a_o inundation_n have_v overflow_v all_o the_o asiatic_a african_a and_o american_n part_n when_o they_o groan_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o their_o idolatrous_a and_o sanguinary_a prince_n and_o governor_n par_fw-fr nihil_fw-la europe_n nihil_fw-la est_fw-la secundum_fw-la italy_n be_v be_v a_o region_n that_o among_o many_o other_o advantageous_a eulogy_n be_v on_o all_o hand_n hold_v to_o be_v the_o eden_n of_o europe_n the_o garden_n or_o paradise_n of_o this_o northwest_n part_n of_o the_o world_n this_o peninsula_n or_o demi-island_n former_o the_o absolute_a and_o redoubt_a empress_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o then-known_a habitable_a world_n yet_o may_v compare_v as_o now_o it_o be_v nay_o exceed_v the_o most_o of_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o asia_n africa_n or_o america_n it_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o most_o temperate_a clime_n and_o for_o the_o amoenity_n of_o its_o city_n the_o commodiousness_n for_o commerce_n and_o negotiation_n the_o deliciousness_n of_o its_o fountain_n and_o aqueduct_n the_o fertility_n of_o its_o well-cultivated_n field_n insomuch_o that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o have_v three_o harvest_n in_o one_o year_n the_o uniformity_n and_o stateliness_n of_o fabriques_n and_o the_o rare_a architecture_n and_o rich_a furniture_n and_o ornament_n of_o its_o temple_n and_o many_o other_o delicacy_n to_o gratify_v the_o gusto_n as_o to_o fruit_n and_o rare_a wine_n with_o other_o variety_n too_o numerous_a to_o be_v crowd_v into_o the_o narrow_a confine_n of_o our_o intend_a discourse_n and_o in_o this_o paradise_n or_o garden_n of_o europe_n there_o be_v a_o small_a terroir_n or_o pleasant_a spot_n of_o ground_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o modena_n where_o we_o will_v take_v the_o fresco_fw-it for_o some_o time_n and_o give_v you_o our_o sentiment_n upon_o a_o strict_a survey_n of_o what_o shall_v occur_v as_o observable_a during_o this_o our_o promenade_n and_o thereupon_o make_v some_o remark_n which_o will_v prove_v the_o most_o useful_a material_n and_o most_o conducive_a to_o the_o compliment_n of_o this_o our_o present_a essay_n modena_n be_v the_o modern_a appellation_n but_o it_o be_v better_a know_v to_o the_o ancient_n by_o the_o name_n of_o mutina_n as_o livy_n cicero_n pliny_n etc._n etc._n some_o read_v it_o motina_fw-la as_o antoninus_n and_o dio_n strabo_n and_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o modena_n à _fw-la movendo_fw-la say_v merula_n in_o his_o cosmography_n ut_fw-la quidam_fw-la insulse_fw-la conjiciunt_fw-la eo_fw-la quòd_fw-la diluvio_fw-la quondam_a tota_fw-la fuerit_fw-la submersa_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la re_fw-la dignus_fw-la autore_fw-la svo_fw-la versiculus_fw-la mutina_n submersa_fw-la fuit_fw-la olim_fw-la gurgitis_fw-la unda_fw-la call_v modena_n a_o foolish_a conceit_n because_o it_o be_v once_o drown_v with_o a_o deluge_n the_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n be_v that_o it_o be_v name_v à _fw-la movendo_fw-la because_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n somewhat_o remove_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n which_o the_o longobard_n do_v total_o ruinate_v and_o demolish_v the_o city_n of_o mutina_n po._n the_o dukedom_n of_o modena_n at_o present_a contain_v the_o city_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n with_o the_o land_n and_o territory_n thereunto_o adjoin_v they_o be_v both_o pleasant_o situate_v in_o that_o part_n of_o lombardy_n call_v cispadana_n or_o as_o in_o their_o own_o dialect_n vulgar_o diqua_fw-la del_fw-it po_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n po._n now_o modena_n be_v first_o erect_v by_o the_o etrurian_o or_o tusci_n now_o call_v toscans_n a_o people_n of_o italy_n and_o they_o wage_n war_n with_o the_o galli_n boii_n be_v expel_v thence_o by_o they_o who_o after_o that_o possess_v it_o and_o they_o be_v profligate_v by_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o the_o roman_a conqueror_n it_o be_v by_o they_o make_v a_o colony_n together_o with_o parma_n in_o the_o 570_o or_o 571_o year_n after_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n as_o livy_n and_o other_o historian_n affirm_v quintus_fw-la fabius_n labio_n and_o marcus_n claudius_n be_v at_o that_o time_n consul_n who_o in_o several_a place_n make_v very_o honourable_a mention_n of_o it_o a_o infallible_a testimony_n that_o it_o be_v both_o rich_a and_o potent_a which_o truth_n be_v more_o at_o large_a confirm_v by_o the_o various_a inscription_n and_o ancient_a marble_n that_o be_v yet_o everywhere_o extant_a and_o expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o traveller_n this_o city_n be_v sufficient_o illustrate_v and_o make_v famous_a in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o first_o battle_n between_o antony_n and_o c._n octavianus_n caesar_n who_o be_v then_o but_o a_o stripling_n or_o tyro_n in_o war_n and_o not_o above_o eighteen_o year_n and_o yet_o make_v head_n of_o a_o new_a league_n against_o antonius_n who_o the_o senate_n look_v upon_o with_o a_o ill_a eye_n as_o a_o common_a and_o dangerous_a enemy_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 711_o when_o antonius_n besiege_v c._n brutus_n in_o this_o city_n but_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o caesar_n octavianus_n he_o gain_v the_o victory_n the_o manage_n of_o the_o whole_a war_n be_v leave_v to_o hirtius_n and_o pansa_n at_o
and_o adorn_v with_o several_a fair_a town_n and_o village_n than_o delicious_a wine_n and_o fruit-tree_n towards_o parma_n you_o may_v take_v a_o view_n of_o a_o castle_n strengthen_v by_o its_o site_n where_o mathilde_n the_o countess_n preserve_v pope_n gregory_n the_o seven_o from_o the_o snare_n and_o ambush_n prepare_v for_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o afterward_o he_o be_v a_o tender-conscienced_a religioso_fw-la repent_v of_o this_o imaginary_a and_o supposititious_a crime_n and_o be_v lead_v a_o royal_a dance_n by_o his_o confessor_n barefoot_a and_o bareheaded_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n through_o ice_n and_o snow_n from_o this_o place_n to_o the_o say_a pope_n to_o implore_v a_o pardon_n for_o this_o his_o peccadillo_n and_o obtain_v it_o with_o a_o courteous_a reception_n a_o remarkable_a instance_n and_o notorious_a precedent_n of_o the_o tyranny_n haughtiness_n and_o vainglory_n of_o his_o ironical_a nicknamed_a holiness_n who_o dare_v presume_v so_o proud_o and_o imperious_o to_o insult_v over_o nay_o buffoon_n a_o puissant_a potentate_n make_v he_o foot_n it_o bare_a in_o the_o depth_n of_o a_o hard_a winter_n to_o the_o idolatrous_a city_n of_o his_o residence_n and_o thereby_o run_v the_o risk_a of_o lose_v his_o life_n to_o gain_v a_o fruitless_a and_o insignificant_a pardon_n but_o this_o he_o must_v do_v or_o forfeit_v all_o his_o regalia_z and_o be_v daily_o menace_v with_o that_o silly_a scarecrow_n the_o thunder_n of_o excommunication_n thus_o monarchy_n grow_v consumptive_a hang_v the_o head_n droop_v and_o dwindle_n away_o to_o nothing_o and_o so_o expire_v king_n be_v a_o mere_a empty_a name_n or_o the_o more_o glorious_a synonyma_fw-la of_o vassal_n and_o prince_n the_o more_o splendid_a name_n of_o slave_n thus_o the_o sceptre_n warp_v to_o the_o crosier_n the_o emperor_n hat_n veil_v to_o the_o bishop_n mitre_n and_o the_o single_a do_v obeisance_n to_o the_o triple_a crown_n thus_o regal_a authority_n who_o tender_a neck_n be_v ever_o unaccustomed_a to_o the_o burden_n of_o a_o tame_a condescension_n put_v on_o the_o heavy_a yoke_n of_o pontifical_a rigorous_a imposition_n thus_o here_o you_o see_v the_o great_a most_o christian_n ring_n crouch_v to_o antichrist_n or_o be_v crown-fallen_a as_o well_o as_o crest-fallen_a thus_o majesty_n itself_o incline_v the_o reverend_a head_n stoop_v low_a with_o a_o reverential_a bow_n to_o kiss_v that_o vulgarly-adored_a pantofle_n which_o frequent_o prove_v but_o the_o gaudy_a cover_n of_o a_o gouty_a toe_n at_o this_o day_n the_o most_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o canossae_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o castle_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o encircle_v it_o and_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o this_o stand_v the_o castle_n and_o other_o place_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o signori_fw-it manfredi_n keep_v the_o way_n on_o the_o mountain_n you_o come_v to_o graffignana_n where_o castelnuovo_n be_v to_o be_v see_v which_o in_o time_n of_o yore_o be_v the_o birth-place_n of_o many_o illustrious_a person_n and_o in_o this_o our_o modern_a age_n of_o giulio_n vrbano_fw-la doctor_n and_o apostolic_a prothonotary_n who_o live_v in_o great_a repute_n and_o esteem_v among_o prince_n popish_o incline_v and_o be_v high_o applaud_v by_o the_o fry_n of_o the_o septuagint_n of_o cardinal_n that_o pay_v homage_n to_o and_o revere_a the_o pretend_a and_o triple-crowned_a successor_n of_o the_o fisherman_n who_o do_v a_o long_a time_n officiate_v as_o vicar-general_a in_o lieu_n of_o the_o mitred_a cardinal_n linga_n carnaro_n bishop_n of_o milan_n and_o in_o that_o quality_n die_v anno_fw-la 1592._o may_n the_o same_o mortality_n and_o good_a fortune_n in_o god_n due_a time_n attend_v the_o whole_a conclave_n that_o be_v my_o litany_n his_o brother_n vrban_n be_v captain_n of_o the_o venetian_a militia_n and_o filippo_n vrbano_fw-la their_o nephew_n in_o your_o return_n to_o the_o aemilian_a way_n occur_v the_o castle_n of_o scandiano_n dignify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o marquisate_n subject_n to_o the_o signori_fw-it feni_fw-la noble_a and_o renown_a vicentine_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n lie_v the_o castle_n roldo_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o the_o sessi_fw-la a_o feudatory_a of_o the_o emperor_n with_o san_n martino_n gonzaga_n the_o most_o splendid_a village_n belong_v to_o the_o gonzagae_fw-la prince_n of_o mantua_n and_o muvilara_n between_o modena_n and_o reggio_n correggio_n appear_v not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n lenza_n a_o noble_a castle_n well_o govern_v and_o as_o well_o people_v it_o be_v call_v a_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a family_n of_o the_o correggii_n and_o where_o the_o river_n lecchia_n dichotomize_v the_o via_fw-la aemilia_n stand_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n call_v ruberia_n or_o rubiera_n by_o the_o learned_a herberia_n erect_v as_o some_o conjecture_n by_o the_o boiardi_n and_o as_o other_o imagine_v by_o the_o rubrii_n of_o parma_n which_o have_v serveral_a master_n till_o the_o year_n 1523_o and_o then_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n and_o be_v make_v famous_a by_o the_o birth_n of_o antonius_n codrus_n a_o most_o polite_a grecian_a and_o expert_a latinist_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o vast_a part_n this_o castle_n be_v strong_o fortify_v with_o a_o well-made_a bulwark_n or_o rampart_n and_o surround_v with_o many_o hill_n which_o add_v much_o grace_n and_o beauty_n to_o its_o situation_n and_o render_v the_o prospect_n very_o delightful_a from_o hence_o you_o pass_v into_o a_o spacious_a and_o good_a road_n very_o commodious_a for_o all_o traveller_n that_o steer_v their_o course_n that_o way_n and_o design_n to_o arrive_v at_o the_o capital_a city_n modena_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o give_v you_o a_o large_a and_o exact_a description_n in_o this_o tract_n there_o be_v four_o apennine_a hill_n and_o as_o many_o city_n which_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o countess_n mathilde_n for_o their_o foundation_n viz._n bibianello_n castelvitreo_n monte_fw-la zano_n and_o monte_fw-fr luzco_n all_o under_o the_o command_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o canossae_n have_v give_v you_o a_o court_n and_o true_a account_n of_o the_o government_n riches_n force_n religion_n manner_n and_o qualification_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o ancient_a and_o illustrious_a dukedom_n as_o also_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o climate_n i_o shall_v by_o way_n of_o corollary_n close_a all_o with_o a_o short_a relation_n of_o the_o original_a antiquity_n and_o genealogy_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o house_n of_o esté_fw-fr and_o bring_v they_o down_o by_o descent_n to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a person_n who_o at_o present_a be_v the_o undoubted_a and_o lawful_a prince_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o modena_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o esté_fw-fr have_v be_v so_o considerable_a and_o so_o much_o take_v notice_n of_o both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n that_o john_n baptista_n pigna_n have_v with_o much_o industry_n and_o learning_n compose_v eight_o book_n of_o the_o original_n noble_a exploit_n and_o transaction_n of_o this_o princely_a family_n in_o italy_n and_o other_o country_n as_o to_o their_o original_n he_o say_v that_o ateste_n commander_n of_o the_o heneti_n now_o venetian_n after_o the_o sack_n and_o destruction_n of_o troy_n be_v drive_v into_o these_o part_n with_o a_o considerable_a navy_n and_o build_v the_o city_n atestia_n or_o ateste_n of_o his_o own_o name_n and_o he_o call_v the_o whole_a tract_n of_o ground_n venetia_n but_o the_o latin_a degenerate_v by_o degree_n from_o its_o purity_n the_o city_n lose_v the_o primitive_a e_o name_n of_o atestia_n and_o sensible_o shrink_v into_o that_o of_o esté_fw-fr this_o atestes_n descend_v from_o the_o atii_fw-la of_o the_o poblilian_a tribe_n in_o rome_n who_o because_o they_o do_v espouse_v the_o quarrel_n of_o the_o caesar_n do_v obtain_v so_o much_o grace_n and_o favour_n as_o to_o be_v lord_n not_o only_o of_o their_o own_o country_n but_o also_o of_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o venice_n and_o here_o the_o atestini_n for_o so_o they_o be_v call_v of_o old_a begin_v to_o b_o e_o in_o reputation_n and_o these_o prince_n do_v produce_v their_o chronologie_n of_o 1200_o year_n to_o manifest_v and_o testify_v their_o grandeur_n in_o a_o continue_a series_n down_o to_o this_o present_a age._n thus_o the_o atii_fw-la become_v master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o venice_n when_o ateste_n be_v their_o capital_a city_n of_o residence_n and_o the_o roman_a caesar_n being_n then_o accustom_v to_o create_v a_o magistracy_n consist_v of_o eleven_o of_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o sometime_o a_o great_a number_n who_o be_v also_o call_v decuriones_fw-la because_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n ten_o only_o be_v require_v atius_n the_o son_n of_o c._n of_o the_o last_o race_n and_o the_o first_o author_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o