Uillages within the maine lande vse to come thither for their prouision and furniture From the mines of this Prouince is brought greatâ— aboundance of golde and siluer The scituation is in the middest of the land as yet discouered by reason whereof the Emperour his Maiestie placed there a chauncery royall and Iudges to decide his subiectes causes which also causeth the greater resorte of people It is thought that in processe of time this Citie will increase to be of marueilous fame and greatnes At this day there are aboue fiue hundred housholds of Spaniards and eâ—ery house hath a greater compasse of ground then the houses built in Spayne so y t these 500. houfes séeme bigger theâ— 1500. in Castillia by reason that the streetes are broad and hath also a place of great compasse in the middest of the citie ech house hath in the fronte 800. foote twise as much large Their buylding is but of one storie high for want of timber to builde a height and yet that timber within thrée yeres beginneth to rotte and consume yet notwithstanding the low building the houses are sumptuous and of great Maiestie The walles are of fiue foote broade the plot whereon the houses stand are raysed of like height with earth by reason whereof the houses seeme of reasonable height The Roofes of those houses are made of rafters layde crossewise and vpon the Timber is layde for séeling gallante paynted mattes like vnto those which are made in Almeria in the kingdome of Granada and vpon that seeling are layd boughes so that the lodgings are high fresh not troubled with the sunne and as for the water they neede not to care for as before is declared it neuer rayneth in those plaines Thirty Leagues from this Cittie along the Coast is another Cittie intituled the faire Towne of Aroquipa which hath in it 300. houses of Spanyardes this also is a healthfull soyle and aboundant of all kinde of victuall but it standeth 12. Leagues from the Sea coast by mean wherof it is thought that the Towne wil encrease with inhabitantes for the Riuer by which it standeth is so good and faire that Shippes laden with Marchandize may come vp the riuer euen to the Cittie and froÌ„ this place the Cittie of Cusco is serued of all things needefull and likewise the Prouince of Charcas from which places commeth the most people of that Countrey by reason of the contractacion of the Mynes of Potosi Also great quantitie of Plate is brought thither to be laden in the Shippes backe againe in returne to the Cittie of the Kinges or Panama which is a great helpe for to auoyde the carriage by land béeinge very daungerous and troublesome in the highe wayes since the time that the new Orders or Lawes set forth by the Emperour were executed From this Cittie men may trauaile forward alonge the Sea coaste for the space of 400. Leagues vnto the Prouince that the Gouernour Pedro de Valdiuia did discouer and inhabite called Chili which is as much as to say in the Indian tongue Colde by reason of the extreame colde which the trauellers passe in the waye thither as in this History shalbe declared hereafter when the iorney made by the chéefe Discouerer Don Diego de Almagro shalbe spoken of so that now is vnderstood the scituacion and habitacion of the parte of Peru and the Playnes therof wherwithall is likewise to bee considered that the Sea coaste is cleane and without daunger of Rocks as far as hither vnto hath béene discouered nor yet any furious or tempesteous weather doth vexe that coaste of the South Sea and therfore it may well bée called the quiet and Golden Sea yea and moreouer anye shippe along that coast may with one Ankor ride in safety with out daunger of any winde Of the qualities and nature of the Mountaynes of Peru and of the habitacions and dwellinges of Christians and Indyans Chap. 8. THe Indians which dwel in the Mountains doo differ much from those which dwell in y e Plaines or low countrey both in streÌ„gth knowledge and liuinge for in the Mountaynes their dwelling is in houses couered with earth their shirtes and garmentes are wrought of shéepes wooll which there doo bréed they weare nothing on their head but haue their haire laced with a stringe The Wemen weare garments without sléeues gyrded with woollen gyrdels which maketh them long wasted they also weare certayn Mantels ouer their heds which are pinned about their neckes with pinnes of Golde or Plate accordinge to the habilitie of euery one those pinnes are called in their language Topos because the heads are great plaine and flat and the sides and points excéedinge sharpe These Wiues doo helpe their Husbandes in the labour tillage of the ground nay I may say that their paines is greatest in all sâ—ruice These Wemen of complexion are white and well fauoured excéeding much the wemen of the Plaines and so likewise the countrey doth much differ the one from the other because the Mountaynes doth bring forth great aboundance of Grasse hath much fresh water of which and from which the Riuers procéedes which runneth downe into the Playnes there are also many kinde of Flowers and pleasant greene plottes with sundry kinde of Earbes and sundry sortes of Trees of maruailous fruites so pleasaunt in taste that in all Spayne there is no better there are also wilde Walnut trées and Willowes these Indians haue many wilde Shéepe and others very tame and domestical they haue also Deare and sundry other kinde of Beastes and great number of Foxes The Indians are great Hunters and call the game Chico but when they are disposed to make a generall feast of huntinge they ioyne togeather foure or fiue hundred Indians and place them selues one by one in the compasse of the ground which they meane to hunte which oftentimes is two or thrée Leagues in circuite and then they come inclosing foote by foote by the sound of certaine songes which they vse to singe for that purpose so that at the end they ioine altogeather in a round and take each other hand in hand some arme in arme so that they bring in among them a great number of siluester Beastes euen as though they were penned in a Pownd and than they kil and make their choice at their pleasure but the excéedinge showtes and hallowinge which they make doth not only feare the wilde Beasts but also oftentimes with the same noyse they amaze the Partriges and other Foule that easely they may be taken by hand There are also in the Mountaynes Lyons and great blacke Beares wilde Cattes and Apes of diuerse sorts and many other kinde of wilde Beastes vnknowen to our Nation The Foule which most frequent y t plaines and Mountaines are Eagles Doues Turtle Doues Quailes Parats Hawkes white russet Nightingals and diuerse other sortes of faire gallant Foule aloâ—ge the Sea coast are Buytres that hauinge their whinges spred
none but hath some deuice in his hed and in euery Prouince of a seuerall kinde All the Indians of the Playnes are deuided into three sortes the one are called Yngas another sorte are called Tallanes the thirde Mochicas in euery Prouince they differ in spéeche notwithstandinge the Noble men called Casâ—ikes besides their natural spéeche doo all generally vnderstande the language of the Cittie of Cusco because the Kinge of Peru called Guaynacaua Father of King Atabaliba thought it a base thinge y t his Subiectes especially noble men should talke with him by interpreters whervpon hee commaunded that all the Cascikes of his Countrey and dominions and their Brethren and kinsemen should sende their Children to serue and attende on the Kinge in his Court vnder the colour to learne the courtly spéeche but cheefely the Kinges intente was to assure his countrey with the principall men of his Kingdome in hauinge their children in pledge But bee it as it will by this meanes it came to passeâ— that all the Nobilitie of his Lande vnderstoode and could speake the language vsed in Court as in Flaunders the Gentilmen others speake the Frenche tongue so that in conclusion any Spanyarde that attained to the Cusco spéech mought wel passe throughout the dominions of Peru aswell in the Playnes as in the Mountaynes to vnderstand and to be vnderstood among the chéefest Of the ordinary Windes which blow in the Plaines and the cause of drynesse Chap. 7. WIth great reason those which reade this History may stande in doubt of the cause why it rayneth not in the Playnes of Peru as before is specified for by euident tokens should bee thought that those thinges could not bee true by reason of the growen Riuers which fal into the Sea and commonly engender moysture vapors comming out of the Mountaynes hauing their beginning of the continuall Snow which there abideth wherof relation is made before yea and the sayd Hilles neuer want clowdy weather intermixed with rayne The natural reasoÌ„ therof found out by such as diligently haue sought the secret therof which is that in all those Playnes and Sea coast all the whole yeare bloweth one only Winde which the Mariners call Siluestre which runneth alonge that coast with such force that the Cloudes and Uapors haue no rest in those playnes nor Sea coast to come vnto the region of the ayer and from the high Mountaines The cloudes and vapors do shew like another Heauenâ— so those which are beneathe in the Playnes and abouâ— them agayne it is as cleare as Christall and this onely winde also causeth the Seagate or Currant to runne alwaies Northward although some men are of another opinion which is that where the South sea commeth to fall into the mouth of the straight of Magalanus beeinge there so narrowe and excéedeth not the bredth of two Leagues so that the greate power of the water can not there haue yssue and also their encounteringe with the Northen Sea which likewise disturbeth his passage so that of force it maketh reflection and recoyle backeward and so forceth the Currant toward the North. And here riseth another inconuenience which is y t the NauigatioÌ„ from Panama to Peru is with such difficultie because the winde is alwayes contrary and also the most part of the yeare y e Currant likewise so that y e Saylers do sayle continually by the bowlinge against the fury of y e winde or else it were not possible to sayle that Coast. All along the coast of Peru are great number of fishe and many Zeale fishes From the Riuer of Tumbez forward are found none of those great Lizartes of which we haue spoken But some holde opinion the cause is that the countrey forward is more temperate and those beastes are louers of heate but the most certaine reason is because the Riuers thereabout are of a more swifter currant and suffereth them not to bréede for their ordinarie breeding is in the calme places of Riuers Now at this day in all the length of the playnes are Uillages and Townes of Christians and fiue Cities the first is called Puerto Viejo which staÌ„deth very nere vnto the Equinoctiall This Citie hath but fewe inhabitants because the countrey is poore and apt for diseases yet there are some mines of Emraldes as is before declared Fifteene leagues with in the mayne is another citie called saint Mighel which in the Indian spech they call Pura This is a pleasant soyle and fruitefull but no mines of golde nor plate This place is apte for sore eyes and few or none that passeth that way escapeth that disease Threescore leagues forward along the coast standeth another citie in a valley called Trugillio and is distant from the sea two leagues The porte or harbor belonging to this citie is perillous This citie is placed in a plaine plot nere vnto a Riuer side and is aboundantly prouided of wheate Maiz and cattell It is also exceeding wel built there are in this citie aboue thrée hundred housholds of Spaniards Foure score Leagues forward standeth another Cittie two Leagues distant from a Porte of the Sea which is an excellent good Roade for Shippes it is scituated in a Ualley called Lyma and named the Cittie of the Kings because the day of Epiphany it was begun to inhabite it is placed in a plaine ground neare vnto a mighty Riuer The Countrey there about is plentifull of Corne many sortes of fruites and cattell the building of this Cittie is such that all the streates doo méete in a faire large place from the which a man may see through euery streat into the Féeldes the dwelling is maruailous healthfull because it standeth in a temperate Climat and not vexed throughout the yeare with neither heate nor colde extreamely The hoatest season of the yeare is more temperate then in Spayne for in the time of their heate in Lyma which is in SoÌ„mer there falleth euery morninge a swéete Dew which is nothing hurtful to mans health but rather profitable for such as haue the head ache vse to wash their heads with the Dewe water and therwith finde great ease All Spanish fruit groweth and prospereth wel in this Soyle especially Orenges Sidrons Lemons Figges Powngarnardes and Uines wherof had béene there aboundance if the alteracions in the Land had not disturbed their plantinge for experience hath shewed that the very Kernell of the Grape hath perduced faire Uynes There groweth also greate store of Pot earbes such as ordinarily grow in Spayne euery house hath belonging vnto it a litle runninge water or Brooke brought in by conueyance of slewce which water is sufficient to driue a mill although along the Riuer side they haue their common milles where the Spaniards grinde their corne This citie is iudged the most pleasant dwelling in all the land because the porte and roade for shippes maketh the Citie to be of great contractation for MarchaÌ„ts So that the people of all Cities Townes and
Mines It is wel fortified by reason that it standeth high and is compassed with a marueylous deepe valley wherein is a Riuer that runneth almost in circuite of the hill where the Towne standeth The Marshall Alonso de Aluarado was the first that did inhahite this Prouince vnto whom it was commended Beyond this prouince about 60. leagues standeth another Towne of Christians called Guanuco which was buylt by the commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who named it Leon because hee him selfe was borne in the citie of Leon in Spayne This towne is well prouided of victuals and is thought to be aboundaÌ„t of Mines especially towarde that parte which Prince Inga holdeth y e people wherof were occupied in warres in the Prouince called Andes as hereafter shal be declared So that beyond this place there is not in the Mountaine any village of Christians vntil you come to Guamâ—nga which was named Saint Ihon de Victoria standeth distant from Guanuco sixtie leagues This village is but meanly inhabited of ChristiaÌ„s but it is thought that it wil be better if the Prince Inga cease from his warres who hath vsurped a great part of the best ground thereunto belonging and specially where the best Mines are and greatest quantitie of the rich herbe called Coca From this Towne of Guamanga vnto the citie of Cusco is distance 80. leagues In the which are many plots of Rocky and troublesome way to passe which causeth great perill vnto y e wayfaring men The citie of Cusco before the Christians comming thyther was the chiefest seat court of the Indian kings of all the whole Prouince so that from that princely citie was gouerned and ruled all those countreis and Prouinces here before declared and hereafter shalbe declared To this citie al the Cascikes or noble men resorted from all places of the Empire to bring their tributes appertaining to the Prince as also to deale about particular affayres and to demaund iustice in their suites one with another In all the whole dominions of that countrey there was not any place of habitacion that had the Maiestie or manner of a cittie but onely Cusco where was a fayre Fortresse wrought of square stones which were so huge and great that it was a wonder how they were brought thither by Indian strength of men without helpe of Oxen Muyles or other Beastes and yet there are some one stone that tenne yoake of Oxen could not with their strength mooue them from the place from whence they were brought and the houses wherin the christians dwell in at this day are the very same that the Indians made for their owne dwellinge so that some of those houses are repaired and other increased of the same fashion The cittie was deuided into foure partes in such order that all such as came thither to dwel or to lodge in Kinge Inga commaunded that they should lodge or inhabite in the streat which lay toward the place froÌ„ whence they came Those which came from the South parte were called collasmo by the name of a Towne called collao and hee which came from the North was called chinchasuyo by reason of a Prouince which lay that way called Chincha which is now appertaininge to the Emperour and is vnhabited and nothing worth and in this manner they name accordingly the other two partes which lyeth East and West Andesuyo and Condesuyo â— so y t no Indian might dwell or lodge in any other streat but only in that streat which lay towarde the place from whence hee came vpon a great penalty All the countrey neare adioyning to the cittie is excéeding plentifull of all kinde of victuals and exceedinge healthfull for it is approued that any sound man of body that commeth into this countrey doth long continue in health It is inuironed with many ritch Mines of golde out of the which hath bene gathered the infinite summe which vntill this day hath beene brought into Spayne although now since the discouery of the Mines of Potosi they leaue the gold mines and worke in those siluer Mines because therein they finde a greater gaine then in the golde workes and also is gotten with lesse danger both of Indians and christians which deale in those affaires From the citie of cusco to the Towne called Villa de Plata which staÌ„deth in the Prouince of charcas are 150. leagues and more and in the midway standeth a great prouince in the plaine called collao which is about fiftie leagues long The principalsâ— part thereof is called Chiquito which now appertaineth to his Maiestie And being so great a peece of ground vnhabited of christians the Licensiat Dela Gasca in Anno .45 commaunded to buylt a village in the prouince of Collao This town called Villa de Plata is a place of extreme colde none like vnto it in al the mountaines by meane of which colde there are few dwellers but those which abide there are marueilous ritch and those few inhabitants of this towne abide the most parte of the yere in the mines which are in the circuite of Porco and Potosi as hereafter shalbe declared From Villa de Plata entringe inwarde to the maine on the left hand Eastward was discouered by commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who sent for that purpose captaine Diâ—go de Roâ—as and Philip Gutierez to the Prouince which now is called by the name of Diego de Rojas and is reported to be a good and holesome countrey aboundant of al necessary victuall howbeit the tresure of Mines expected was not there found for which consideration captaine Domingo de Italia and his companions came into Peru in anno 49. so that in conclusion they trauailed all the Lande that is between the South Sea and the Northe Sea at the time when they wente vp the Ryuer of Plate in discouery of the Northen coast This is the scituation of all the Lande discouered inhabited throughout the Prouince of Peru toward the South Sea presupposing the Discouery along y e South coast without entry into the Mayne because in the discouery of the Mayne the certaintie is not yet knowen by reason of the troublesome and perrilous wayes that leadeth y e course both with colde double cragged Hilles destitute of victuals and al comfort for man yet neuerthelesse the Spanyardes would not haue feared these great perrils if they had not doubted the gayne of treasure which they thought was not to bee had in that proceedinge Of the opinion which the Indians had concerning their creation and other thinges Chap. 10. WHere as the Indians had no kinde of writing as before is declared they knew not the Origen of their creation nor yet the ende which the Worlde had at the time of Noes Fludde But accordinge to the iudgemente and heresay of their Auncestors from time to time These people helde opinion that out of the partes of Sepâ—enâ—â—ion came a man that had neither bone nor ioynt and when hee went any whither
whereupoÌ„ they gaue iudgement of death and executed the sentence But before his death he stil called for his frend Hernando Pisarro who was gone toward Spayne saying if he had beene here I should not so wrongfully be put to death And at the hower that he should die he was baptized by the Bishop How Ruminagui made insurrection in the Prouince of Quito and how the Gouernour went to Cusco Chap. 8. THe Captaine in whom Atabaliba had put in his life time a great trust as in the former Chapter is declared and how he fled from the battaile in Caxamalca with 5000. Indians He I say being in the Prouince of Quito gathered together al the Indians of Atabaliba and possessed himselfe of the estate of that Countrey compelling them to obay him as their right and only Lord. Atabaliba a litle before his death sent his brother Illescas to Quito to bring vnto him his children which Ruminagui most vnnaturally caused to be slayne When Atabaliba saw that of force hée should die hee earnestly desired certaine of his Captaines to see his body caried to the Prouince of Quito to be buried with his Father Guaynacaua the which requeste they faithfully performed and wheÌ„ the dead body was brought to Quito Ruminagui receiued it with great honour and buried him with his Father with great pompe and solemnitie accordinge to the custome of the Countrey and when the Funerals were ended he caused a great drunken Feast to be made in the which when the Captaines that had brought the dead body were throughly drunke hee commaunded them al to be slaine among whom was Illescas Brother to Atabaliba who had his skinne plucked of beinge aliue and with the same skin hee couered the endes of a Drum and his head hanging at the same Drumme In this meane while the Lord Marques Gouernour deuided all the Golde and Plate in Caxamalca and when he had so done he had aduice how one of Atabalibaes Captaines called Quixquix went vp anâ— downe in the countrey stirring the Indian People to insurrection whervpon he determined no longer to abide nor yet to tarry his coÌ„ming in the Valley of Xauxa hee also sent before him Captaine Sâ—to with certaine of his Horsemen and hee him selfe went in the Reregard In the Prouince of Viecasinga the Indians came sodainly vpon Captaine Soto in such sort that hée stoode in perrill of the ouerthrow foure of his men were slaine but the day beeing spent the night forced them to cease and to retire to the Mountaines The Gouernour hearing of this great daunger of Captaine Soto sent Don Diego de Almagro to suckcour him with certain Horsemen so that the next morning the Indians comming agayne to skirmish the Christians made as though they would fly to allure the enemies downe into the Playne out of the daunger of the high places from whence they did much hurt with their Slinges But the Indians suspectinge the pollicye of the Christians retired backe againe and kept their skirmishing neare the Wooddes not knowing of the succour which was come because of the great myst which did fall that morninge they could not discry their coÌ„ming by meane wherof the ChristiaÌ„s had the victory and slew many of the enemies Then came the Gouernour with the Reregard at whose comming came a brother of Guascar and Atabaliba who was chosen Inga or King of the Land by meane of their deathes hee had receiued the great Tassell which was as much as to saye as the Crowne of the Princely estate and was called Paulo Inga who certified the Gouernour how in the cittie of Cusco attended his coÌ„ming a great number of men of War with this newes hée letted not but procéeded forwarde by his ordinary Iorneyes vntill hee came in sight of the Cittie out of the which he saw assend a maruailous smoake by meane wherof hee iudged the Cittie to be on fier to the intent to preserue the same he sent with all spéede a company of Horsemen but they were no sooner comen neare the cittie when a great number of Indians came out to encounter with theÌ„ with slinges and sundry other sortes of weapons in such sort that the Spanyardes were glad with all haste possible to retire aboue the space of a longe League where they met with the Gouernour who vnderstandinge what had hapned sente from thence his two Bretherne Ihon and Gonsalo Pisarro with the most of the Horsemen who set vpon the enemies on the Mountaine side with such courage that they caused them to retire and in their flight slue many of them vntill the night compelled them to cease The Gouernour séeinge the good successe gathered his army togeather and the next day thinkinge to haue had resistance in his entrye into the Cittie hee found not one man to withstande him so that hee and his companye entered peaceably where hee aboade at pleasure Twentie daies after his abode in Cusco came newes how Quixquix had a great Army wherwith he did great hurt robbing spoyling in the Prouince of Conde suyo wherupon the Gouernour sent Captaine Soto with 50. Horsemen to disturbe his procéedinges whose comming béeing knowen to Quixquix hee durst not abide but with all spéede fledde toward Xauxa thinkinge there to finde some small company of the Christians whom hée might easely subdue who were such as had remained behinde to kéepe the Fardage and the Kings portion of treasure which was at the charge of Alonso Requelme Treasorer But the Spanyards hauing aduise of his pretence although they were but fewe who in effecte attended in Xauxa for the purpose aforesaid did so valyantly defende his enterprise that his desire tooke no place but rather was forced to passe forwarde the highe waye towardes Quito When the Gouernour had intelligence of y e dealings of Quixquix hée sent after him againe Captaine Soto with his company of Horsemen and after him hée sente his Bretherne who generally followed him aboue a hundred Leagues and coulde not ouertake him wherupon they returned agayne to Cusco where they had as great a praye of Golde and Plate as before they had in Caxamalca the which the Gouernour deuided amonge his Souldiers and began to inhabite the Cittie which was the head and Princely seate of all the whole countrey of Peru and so continued a long space among the Christians hée also deuided the Indian People among the new Inhabitantes which there determined to abide for there were many of his men that were not willing to remaine there but rather to returne into Spayne to enioy the Treasure which they had gotten both in Cusco and Caxamalca How Captayne Benalcasar went to the Conquest of Quito Chap. 9. HEre before in this History hath béene declared howe at the time when the Gouernour came into Peru hee inhabited the Cittie of Sainct Mighel in the Prouince of Tangarara neare vnto y e port of Tumbez for the only intent that such as should come froÌ„ Spaine might haue a sure and safe Roade or harbor
death coÌ„maunded that they should prepare them selues to retire but his men not hauinge furniture of victuals for their returne his Captaines ioyned togeather and toke for their chieftaine Guaypalan who in the name voyce of all the rest saide vnto him that it were much better for theÌ„ to die in fight with christians than to perrish with hunger in the retire into places vnhabited Unto which sute request Quixquix gaue a lowring answere wherupon Guaypalan strake him to y e hart with his Launce incoÌ„tinent came other of his captaynes who with clubs hatchets made him into peeces than the souldiers scattered theÌ„ selues some one way some another eueÌ„ at their own pleasure How the Gouernor paid Don Pedro de Aluarado the 100000 poyzes for the agrement and how Don Diego would haue perforce bin receiued Gouernor in the Cittie of Cusco Chap. 13. WHen Don Diego Don Pedro were come to Pachacama the gouernor who was come thither froÌ„ Xauxa receiued entertained theÌ„ ioyfully also according to agreement paid vnto Don Pedro the 100000 poyzes in ready gold for his Nauy brought from Guatimala although there were many y t perswaded him to stay the payment alleaging that the fleete was not worth so much money no nor yet the one halfe of the said sum that the former bargaine was made by Don Diego with feare coÌ„sidering that Don Pedro had great aduauntage of him and there now he mought do wel to apprehend him and sende him prisoner to the Emperors Maiestie And although the Gouernor might haue taken that councell and also haue brought it to passe accordingly without perrill yet hee chose rather to ratifie performe the worde promise of his freend Don Diego de Almagro notwithstandinge the councel of his captaines he made present paiment of the 100000 poyzes in good gold than permitted him quietly and fréendly to depart to passe vnto his gouernment of Guatimala he himself abode and tooke order for the habitacion citizens of the citie of the Kings brought froÌ„ Xauxa y e dwellers there to inhabit the said citie because it séemed vnto him a singuler place of contractacion and excéeding holsome for mans health From this citie departed Don Diego de Almagro with a great company toward y e citie of Cusco the Gouernor went to reforme the buildings other things in the citie of Trugillio to make reperticion of the ground among the citizens In this meane season came newes how Don Diego de Almagro ment to possesse y e citie of Cusco to his only gouermeÌ„t because he had receiued aduertisemeÌ„t by Hernando Pisarro how y e Emperor had grauÌ„ted vnto him the gouernment of one 100. leagues of grouÌ„d beyond the limits of the gouernmeÌ„t of Don Francisco Pisarro which according to here say did not extend so far as Cusco but against this opinioÌ„ possession both Ihon Pisarro Gonsalo Pisarro the Gouernors bretherne did not only speake against but also resist w t many of their fréends which daily came vnto theÌ„ and also when the matter came in question in the councel house of the Citie among the principallest of the Cittizens the greatest number helde with the Gouernour Pisarro and his Bretherne When the Lord Marques had perfecte relation of the proceeding in Cusco he forthwith toke his iorney thither by post so that with his presence al controuersies were ended pardoned Don Diego of his offence who was not a litle amazed because he had intermedled in so waighty a matter with iust title or prouision from his Maiestie but only with the newes of heresay he presumed to take the Office vpon him so that now againe they confirmed their former freendship company with this condicion that Don Diego de Almagro should go to discouer the countrey toward the South sea if hee should finde the lande fruitful and to his content that then he would make sute to the Emperour to graunt vnto him the gouernment therof And if it happened that hee could not finde any soyle to his content that theÌ„ the land vnder the gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro should bee equally deuided betweene them both And vpon this conclusion eache of them made a solemne othe at the communion of the holy sacrament to performe the couenantes made betweene them furthermore at the same communion time Don Diego pronounced these wordes saying Lord I beseech thee than when I breake this oth before thâ—e made that than thou confound mee body and soule When these thinges were done Don Diego began to prepare thinges necessary for his iorney with 500. men which he had vnder his charge and the Lord Marques returned to the citie of the Kings sent Alonso de Aluarado to conquer the countrey of the Chachapoyas which standeth distant 70. leagues from Trugillio among the MouÌ„taynes in which conquest both hee and those which went in his company passed great misery and troubles vntil they had pacified inhabited the countrey for whose paynes the Gouernment of that Conquest was giuen vnto him ¶ THE THIRD BOOKE containeth the Iorney that Don Diego de Almagro made into Chili and of thinges that hapned in the meane season in Peru and how the Indians rebelled How Don Diego de Almagro tooke his iorney toward Chili Chap. 1. DOn Diego de Almagro departed on the discouery of his conquest with whoÌ„ went 570. horsemen and footmen well prouided of al furniture necessary yea there were some citizens that left their houses repartitioÌ„s to goe with him He sent before him Iuan de Sayauedra bâ—en in the cittie of Ciuil in Andoluzia with 100. men who in the Prouince which afterward was called Châ—rc 1â— met with certain Indians which came from Chili noâ— knowinge what had passed in Peru to geue their obedience to Inga to present him with certaine wedges of fine gold which wayed 150000. poizes which pray he tooke and also was determined to haue taken Gabriel de Rojas who had the charge of iustice by the appointment of the Gouernour Pisarro hauing vnderstanding of his pretence fled to the cittie of Cusco and Don Diego with all his power procéeded on his way at the time when Mango Inga who sometime had the state and crown of Peru departed from Cusco as before hath bin declared he I sayd agréed w t his brother called Paulo with another called Villaoma â— who was high priest among the Indians which two persons of authority with a great nâ—mâ—er of the Indian people went in company with Don Diego that when hee thought him selfe in most securitie they should set vpon him to murther both him and al his retinue and concerning the gouernor who abode in Peru he would also take the like order to dispatch him and his army at y e time of this conclusion Inga commaunded to sow the ground that victuales might not want when time should require of which prouision the Spanyardes
invite eyther of them They were equally abstynent and moderate in theyr féeding and dyet as also in refraining of sensuallitie and especially from abusing of any Spanish Women for they déemed that they could not deale therein without preiudice of theyr neighbours whose Wiues or Daughters those Women were they neyther ouermuch enclyned to the Indian Women The Marquesse had the company of an Indian Gentlewoman who was sister to Atabalâ—ba by whome he had a Sonne named Don Gonsalo who deceassed at fowretéene yeeres of age and a Daughter named Donca Francisca By an other Indian Woman of Cusco he had an other Sonne called Don Francisco Don Diego de Almagro had that sonne of whome we haue spoken who slewe the Marquesse which Sonne he had by an Indian Woman of Panama They bothe receyued honour at the Emperours hands for as hath bene declared to Don Francisco Pisarro he gaue the tyttle or addition of Marquesse and made him Gouernour of newe Castile and also ordayned him Knight of the order of Saint Iames. To Don Diego de Almagro he gaue the gouernment of newe Toledo and the tytle of chéefe Discouerer Particulerly the Marquesse was greatly affectioned and helde in great feare and reuerence the name of his Maiestie in so much that he abstayned from dooing of many thinges that he had power to doo declaring that he would not that his Maiestie should say how he ascended in the Land and oftentymes when he was present at the melting of the Syluer and Golde he would ryse from his Chayre to take vp the graynes of Syluer and Golde which fell from the clypping saying that with his mouth when handes fayled he woulde gather together the kinges porcion These two Gentlemen were equall euen in theyr kindes of death for the Marquesse brother put Don Diego to deathâ— and Don Diego his Sonne slewe the Marquesse The Marquesse was desirous to benefit the Countrey by tyllage and other commodities He buylt a fayre house in the Cittie of the kinges he also buylt for the benefite of the Cittie two rowes of Mylles along the Riuer side in which buylding he occupied him selfe at all tymes of leysure giuing his councell and opinion to the Maister workemen He tooke great paynes in setting forwarde the workes of the Cathedrall Church of the Cittie of the kinges and other lyke Monumentes Howe Don Diego de Almagro the younger ioyned an Armie of men of Warre and howe he slewe certaine Gentlemen and howe Alonso de Aluarado spread his Ensigne for his Maiestie Chap. 10. AFter that Don Diego had gotten the Citie into his power and taken the wandes of Iustice from the Officers and placed other by his owne election he then apprehended Doctour Velasques Lieutenannt to the Marquesse and Antonio Picado his Secretarie and chose for the chéefe Captaynes of his warres Iuan Tellio Cittizen of Ciuile and Francisco Chaues and also Sotelo WheÌ„ the noyse was spread abroade of the election of these new Captaynes all the Uagabounds and ydle persons which were in that countrey came to this cittie pretending lybertie to robbe spoyle and lyue at pleasure And to furnishe those Roges with money he tooke the Fiftes appertayning to the King and also the goodes of such as were deceassed which was kept in a common Chest to performe theyr Testamentes and Legacies But afterwarde discencion began to growe among them selues for some of the principall personnes mooued with enuie were mynded to kyll Iuan de Herrada séeing that although Don Diego had the name of gouernour and Captayne generall yet the sayde Herrada ruled and gouerned all And the mutiny being knowen many were executed especially Francisco de Chaues and also Anthonio de Oribuela Citizen of Salamanca was beheaded Because when he came from Spaine he sayde that they were Tyrants Afterwarde Don Diego sent his Messengers vnto all the Citties of his gouernment wylling them to admytte and receyue him for theyr gouernour And although he was accepted in the most Citties for the feare onely which they had of him yet in Chachapoyas where Alonso de Aluarado was Lieutenant as soone as the Pursuiuantes were come with the commaundement from Don Diego he commaunded them to be arrested and also fortified him selfe to withstand him in obedience and had an especiall confidence in the people of the Countrey and also in a hundred men of warre which he had attending on his person Whereupon he spread his Ensigne on the behalfe of his Maiestie esteeming in nothing the threatninges bragges and fayre promises of Don Diego which were written vnto him by his Letters But rather made a playne aunswer that in no wyse he would receyue him for Gouernour vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should commaund the same by expresse order and Commission And in the meane whyle he hoped through the helpe of God and those Gentlemen which were in his company to reuenge the death of the Lorde Marquesse and to punishe theyr disobedience and offences doone against his Maiestie When Don Diego vnderstoode the pretence of Aluarado incontinent he dispatched Captayne Garcia de Aluarado with a great company of foote men and Horse men commaunding him to encounter and giue him the Onset with all his industrie and power and that in the way as he should passe to enter into the Citie of Saint Mighell and there to take bothe Armor and Horses from the Cittizens and at his returne to doo the lyke in the Cittie of Trâ—gillio In this order Garcia de Aluarado tooke his iorney by Sea vntyll he arriued at Puetia Sancta which standeth fifteene Leagues distaunt from Trugillio where he mette Captaine Alonso Cabrera who came flying away with all the people of the Towne of Guanuco to ioygne with the Cittizens of Trugillio against Don Diego which cause being perfectly knowen he tooke bothe him and certayne of the chéefest of his company Who as soone as he was come to the Cittie of Saint Mighell he caused to strike of the heads bothe of him and one Villegas which came in his company Howe the Cittie of Cusco arose for his Maiestie and chose for their Captayne generall Pedro Aluares Holgui and what followed Chap. 11. WHen the Messengers and Prouisions of Don Diego came to the Cittie of Cusco where at that tyme Diego de Silua sonne of Felisiano de Silua borne in the Cittie of Rodrigo and Francisco de Caruatall Sheriffes of the Cittie But Caruatall was afterwarde Campe maister to Gonsalo Pisarro So that the Estate of the Cittie agréede in Councell not to allowe nor yet receyue him although openly they durst not denie his commaundement and request vntyll they might pefectly vnderstande and know what number of men prouision he had in readinesse to procéede with his enterprise whervpon they made a bréefe aunswere saying that they desyred it might please Don Diego to send a more ample authoritie and power touching the premisses then as yet he had done then in continent they would allowe the same After that the Messengers were
to abide there his further order whylst he went downe to the Cittie of the kinges to gather together all such men Armour MunicioÌ„ which there he might finde leauing the Cittie furnished He comaunded also y e Captaine Diego de Roias should alwayes goe twentie leagues before the Armie with thirty lyght Horsemen to discouer the way he sent lykewise Diego de Mora for Lieutenant of the Cittie of Trugillio and with great dexteritie diligence he prouided all other thinges necessarie for his pretended enterprise now in hand euen as though all his life time he had bene brought vp in the Warres Howe Don Diego slewe Garcia de Aluarado in Cusco and howe he came out of the Cittie with his Armie against Vaca de Castro Chap. 14. IT hath bene declared howe that after that Don Diego sawe that he could not ouertake Pedro Aluares he went to Cusco but before his comming Christouall de Sotelo who he had sent before him had taken possession of the Cittie and placed the Officers of Iustice according to his owne pleasure and vnplaced such as were appointed by Vaca de Castro As soone as Don Diego was come to the Cittie he began to gather all the Artillerie and Gunpouder that he might come by In Peru there is good prouision to make Ordenaunce by reason of the aboundaunce of Mettall which there is founde and also at that tyme there were certayne Leuantiscos who were cunning Maisters in casting of Artyllerie and also expert in the making of Gunpouder whereof they had store by the meane of the great quantitie of Salt péeter which there is found He also made Weapon for such as wanted of paste of Siluer Copper mixed together of the same stuffe they wrought exceeding good Corselets besides this prouision all the Armor of the Countrey was brought to his CaÌ„pe so y t he furnished two hundred Hargabusiers He also ordained certaine men of Armes although vntyll this time they vsed in Peru to fight on Horsebacke after the Genet facion seldome vsed to skyrmiâ—h with lyght Horsemen Being in this readinesse happened a certaine discorâ—e betweene Captaine Garcia de Aluarado and Christouall de Sotelo in the which Sotelo was slaine whereupon great mischeefe was lyke to ensue among the Soldiours because each of them had many fréends so that all the whole Campe was deuided so that if Don Diego with amorous wordes had no pacified the matter thei had one slain an other Notwithstanding Garcia de Aluarado vnderstoode that Don Diego was greatly affectioned to Sotelo and would not let to reuenge his quarell Wherfore from that tyme forward he had the greater regard to loke to his owne safetie not onely for the defence of his persone but likewise mynded to kill Don Dieogo the whiche his pretence he determined to put in execution So that on a daie he inuited hym to Dinner purposyng to kille hym in his diete But Don Diego suspectyng the matter faigned that he was not well at ease after that he had excepted the banket When Garcia de Aluarado sawe that his deuise could take no place hauyng all thing in a readinesse for his pretended enterprise he determined with diuers of his frendes to goe and to inportune hym co come to the banket and in the waie as he went he chanced to disclose his minde to one Martine Carillio who perswaded hym not to proceede vpon that iourney for ê™ he I feare you will bee slaine an other souldiar likewise gaue hym the same counsell but all their aduise could not preuaile Don Diego fained hym self sicke and laie hym doune vpon his bed hauyng secretly in an other chamber certaine armed men So that when Garcia de Aluarado entered the chamber with his coÌ„panie he saied vnto Don Diego sir if it maie please your lordship to arise for your sicknesse is nothing you shall also find ease if you will recreate your self awhile for although you eate nothing yet you shall garnishe our table Unto whoÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego aunswered that he was content and sorthwith arose and called for his cloake For he laye vpon his bedde hauyng on his priuie coate his Rapier and Dagger Garcia de Aluarado and the residue were goyng out at the Chamber doore but when the moste of them were cleane without the doore and as Aluerado was passyng out before Don Diego Iuan de Herrada whiche stood next the dore staied his goyng out and made the dore fast whiche lockt without any keye and therevpon tooke Garcia de Aluarado in his armes saiyng yeeld thy self for prisoner and then Don Diego drewe his Rapier and strake hym saiyng he shall not bee prisoner but rather slaine And then came forthe Iuan Balsa Alonso de Sayauedra and Diego Mendez brother to Rodrigo Orgonios and others of theÌ„ which were in ambush who gaue hym so many woundes that he was soone dead When this newes was knowne in the Citie there began a broile emong them But when Don Diego came out into the Market place of the Citie he quieted the people yet notwithstanding many of Garcia de Aluarado his freendes fled awaie After this successe Don Diego proceedeâ— out of the Citie with his armie to encounter with Vaca de Castro whom he vnderstood had ioyned with Pedro Aluaaez â— and Alonso de Aluarado and was coÌ„myng the waie of Xauxa to meete with hym In all â—his iourney Pauloz brother to Inga serued DoÌ„ Diego who Don Diego de Almagro the elder now deceassed had instituted Inga whose aide was of greate importance Because alwaies he went before the Campe. And although he had but fewe Indians in coÌ„panie yet all the Prouinces in the land had respect vnto hym and for his sake thei prouided bothe victualls and Indians to carie the fardage and other necessarie thinges How Vaca de Castro departed from the citie of the Kinges to Xauxa and what his doynges were whilest he he abode there Chapt. 15. AFter that Vaca de Castro came to the citie of the kinges he caused many Hargabuzes to be made hauyng at that instant many connyng maisters fit for the purpose He furnished hym also of all other necessaries for the prouision whereof he borowed of marchantes the somme of 60000. poizes of gold because Don Diego had spent all the kyngs treasure before his commyng When all thinges were in a readinesse Vaca de Castro left in the citie of the Kynges for his Lieutenant Francisco de Barrio Nueuo and Ihon Perez de Gueuarra for captaine of the Nanie and then he tooke his iourney wiâ—h all his power toward Xauxa leauing order in the citie that if Don Diego should happen to come vpon the citie by any other waie not expected as some did imagine that he would â—hat then all the Citezens with their wiues children families and goodes should goe about the shippes vâ—till suche tyme as he with his armie should followe hym to giue hym battaile At his comyng to Xauxa he found Pedro Aluarez abidyng his comyng with all his
THE DISCOVERIE AND CONQVEST of the Prouinces of PERV and the Nauigation in the South Sea along that Coast. And also of the ritche Mines of POTOSI THE RICHE MINES OF POTOSI ¶ Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones Febru 6. 1581. The strange and delectable History of the discouerie and Conquest of the Prouinces of Peru in the South Sea And of the notable things which there are found and also of the bloudie ciuill vvarres vvhich there happened for gouernment Written in foure bookes by Augustine Sarate Auditor for the Emperour his Maiestie in the same prouinces and firme land And also of the ritche Mines of Potosi Translated out of the Spanish tongue by T. Nicholas Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones dwelling ouer against the Fawlcon by Holburne bridge 1581. TO THE RIGHT HOnourable Maister Thomas Wilson Doctor of the Ciuill Lawe and one of the principall Secretaries to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie TVllius and Caius Plinius wrote that neither Posie nor Rethoricke seemed sweete or delectable without the ornament of eloquence Yet an Historie of whatsoeuer sorte it be written dooth please and delight because men may thereby knowe the successe of things happened to the knowledge whereof the nature of man is bent yea the tale of a Plowman is sometime delightfull to the hearer especiallie when any new thing is discouered And where the stile of this historie in our English tongue is not nor at the least I cā not polish as learned mē might require Yet the troth and pith of the matter vttered in plaine sort shall suffice giuing licence as much as in me lieth to whosoeuer that will take the paines to write it ouer againe to beautifie the same as to him or them shall seeme conuenient as often times hath happened among the Greeke and Latine Historiographers and Translators The Author of this woorke right honorable was a Gentleman of woorshipful stocke or linage he was highlie esteemed of the Emperour Charles the fift vnto whose Maiestie he was sometime Secretarie in his roiall counsel of iustice and afterward ordained Auditor of accompts of the reuenues appertaining to his Maiestie in the Prouinces of Peru and firme lande This well minded Gentleman after the writing of this Historie feared the publishing hereof for two principall causes The one least the discendent of such as had committed things not woorthie of praise would conceaue some euill oppinion of him or els the issue of the vertuous and noble sort would iudge the praise and commendations of their progenitors sufficiently set foorth according to their deserts In consideration whereof he called to remembraunce the oppinion of Horatius which was that no Historie should come to light vntill nine yeares were fullie past after the action thereof This oppinion liked him not but rather thought it more cōuenient that Histories◠woorthie of writing should abide in scilēce for the space of lxxxx yeeres thinking that in so manie yeares space the linage and ofspring of the one sort might consume and the race of the noble and vertuous to be contented vvith the commendation of their Auncestors The Kinge of Spaine that now is hauing perused the originall Copie of this Historie requested mine Author to publish the same in Printe and in accomplishment of his Maiesties commaundemēt he hath so doone And the Englishing of foure bookes of his worke I most humbly here present vnto your Honor. I may at this day God be praised boldlie write that where the Spanish and Portingall Naciōs dare glorie of their discoueries Nauigacions with great commendations of their Captaines Colon Vasco dela Gama Magalanez Hernando Cortez Don Francisco Pisarro Don Diego de Almagro Now may our most gracious Queen most iustly cōpare withall the Princes of the world both for discouery nauigacion The Discouery of the Portingall East India was atchiued in 26. moneths the West India in shorter space Magalanez returned not to manifest his dooinges But our valyant and noble minded Captaine Maister Francis Drake in his Nauigation was occupied more or nighe three yeares In which time he sayled and attained to the knowledge of the East and West course which none at any time had euer atchiued His paineful trauaile and maruailous Nauigation was not obtayned with white handes perfumed gloues daintie fare or softe lodging no no Honour is not gotten with pleasures quiet mindes For the sweet Roses groweth among Thornes yet the ignorant will iudge that perpetuall Fame and heauenly Felicitie is a thinge to be gotten with facilitie and ease But if the poore Sayler should sit as Iudge I am sure that hee would say how extreame hunger thyrst hard lodging vpon Hatches foule garmentes blustryng stormes of winde with Hayle Snowe bitter colde Thunder Lightning and continuall perill of life leadeth the hie pathway to the Court of eternall Fame The honour of our good Captayne and company lieth not in my Pen to set out accordingly therfore I remit the same to sutche as hereafter shall iustly sette foorth his paynes and trauell My humble sute is to beseech your Honour to accept this woorke into your patronage and the Almightie graunt your harts desire Your honours at commaundment Thomas Nicholas TO THE READER THe doubt which hath ben held gentle Readers vpon the verefiyng by what way it was possible to passe into the Prouinces of Peru I meane for the people whiche of antiquitie there first inhabited But to satisfie that doubt seemeth sufficient the aucthoritie and opinion of the diuine Plato who in brief maketh rehersal thereof in his booke intituled Thimeum otherwise called the nature thinges and afterwarde in another booke or Dialogue more at large proceeding on forward after his Thimeum called Atlanticum where hee treateth of an Historye which the Egiptians set forth in praise and commendation of the Athenienses saying that in times paste they were of such power that they ouercame and atchiued victory against certayne Kinges and an infinite number of men of warre which came by Sea from a great Iland called Insula Atlantica which had Origen at Hercules Pillers and was accounted greater then al Asia and Africa wherin was contayned tenne Kingdomes the which Neptunus deuided amonge his ten Sonnes but to the eldest called Atlas hee gaue the greatest Kingdome He also writeth of many other memorable thīgs as also of the customes and ritches of this great Iland but especially of a famous temple which was built in the principall Citie the walles and roofes wherof were wainscotted with plate of golde siluer and latton and other many particularities which are longe to rehearce as originally may be seen where they are written at large Many of whiche customes and ceremonies at this day wee haue seen in Peru. From this Iland they sayle to other great Ilands which stand on the farder side therof nere adioynyng to the firm or continent lande beyond the which is the sea called the brode or true Sea The formall words of Plato in the beginninge of Thimeum
contayne .15 and 16â— palmes or spannes from the point of whinge to whinge these Buytres féede vpon Zeales when they come on Lande to sléepe and refresh them selues than come the Buytres and season some on the feete and some on the tayle and lay such holde on him that hee cannot stirre whilest other plucke out his eyes and then they féede on the carkas there is another sort of foule called Alcatraces which are like vnto Hens although much excéeding in greatnes for his throat will holde three gallons of corne of those all along the coast of the South Sea are aboundance at the leaste for the space of two thousand leagues and more the chiâ—fe feeding of these foules are fâ—â—h They haue also another marueylous propertie which is They will smell the carkas of a dead man a farre of so that they wil enter thirty and forty leagues into the land to séeke the dead bodies The flesh of these foules are of a marueylous euil smell and â—ath happened that some for want of foode haue eaten of them whereof they haue dyed as of a rancke poyson Here before is declared how in these mountaines there rayneth hayleth and snoweth and in fine extreme in colde yet notwithstanding from those high hilles are valleyes descending so deepe that it may be thought incredible to some to speake thereof In which valâ—eys the heate also is marueylous and there groweth a certeine herbe called Coca which the Indians doe estéeme more then golde or siluer the leaues whereof are like vntâ— Zumake the vertue of this herbe knowen by experieÌ„ce is that any hauing of those leaues in his mouth hath neuer hunger nor thirst In some places of those mountaines are no trées at all so that wayfaring men which passe that way vse to make their fire of turâ—es which they finde excéeding good for that purpose There are also vaynes of earth of sundrie coloures and vaynes of golde and Plate wherof the Indians had vnderstandinge and coulde melte the same better and with lesse coste than the Christians they also vsed in the high hilles to make litle Fornaces with their mouthes toward the Meridian wheras the winde most ordinary doth blow and then they lay in the same Fornaces the mettal with Shéepes doung coales so that the winde doth kindle the fier and the mettal melteth and cindreth the Golde and Siluer and yet vnto this day is seene the great aboundance of Siluer which in this sort is molten in the Mynes of Potosi which coulde not otherwise bee wrought with Bellowes so y t the Indians are the chéefe melters with their small furnaces which they cal Guayras in their Language and is as much as to saye as winde because the winde doth kindle their Fornaces This countrey is so fruitful that it yéeldeth for one bushell of Wheate sowen 150. yea and sometime 200. and an hundred for one is ordenary although they haue no Ploughes to till the ground but vse to turne it vp with shouels and so the Indians vse to sow and likewise they make holes in the ground with a woodden Pin and put therin Wheat in such sorte as they vse to set Beanes in Spayne All kinde of Gardaine carbes prospereth excéedingly the Indians foode is chéefely boyled Maiz and toastedâ— in lue of bread and Deare â—lesh dried also drye fishe and sundry kindes of Rootes which they call Iuca and Aâ—is Amotes Papas and such like with many kinde of earbes They also vse a certaine kinde of Beueredge in stead of Wine which they make of Maiz the manner is they lay their Maiz in water in certaine earthen Uessels which they keepe vnder earth and there it voyleth and besides the whole Maiz they put therunto a certaine quantity of ground Maiz the which one Neighbour lendeth to another as wee vse to lende Leuen for Bread They hold opinion y t the standing water maketh better and more stronger beueredge than the running water This drinke is commonly called Chicha in the Ilande Language and in the Peru spéeche it is called Acisa of this drinke there is both white and red according to the colour of y e graine wherof it is made But it is of greater force then any Wine to ouercome the braine to make drunkardes but yet notwithstandinge if the Indians may haue Spanish Wine they would not care for their owne naturall drinke They vse also another sorte of drinke made of a small fruite which grow vpon certaine Trees called Molles this drinke is not so precious as the Chicha ¶ Of the Citties of Christians which are in the Mountaines of Peru. Chap. 9. IN the Mountaines of Peru are sundry places of habitacion of Christians which begin at the Cittie of Quito which standeth foure degrees beyond the Equinoctiall this Cittie in times past was a pleasante thinge and plentifull of corne and cattell and in the yeare of 1544. and 45. there was discouered ritch Mynes of Gold wherupoÌ„ the Cittie began to inlarge his bowndes with inhabitants and flourished vntill the fury of the cruell warres among the Spanyardes begon which was the cause that the most parte of all the Cittizens were slayne by the handes of Gonsalo Pisarro and his Captaines because they did both fauour serue the Uize-roy Blasco Nunez Vela all the time that he there aboade as hereafter perticularly shalbe declared From this Cittie is no poblation of Christians in the Mountaines vntill you come to the Prouince of the Bracamoros which was discouered by Captaine Ihon Porsell and Captaine Vergara who built there certaine Uillages to the intent that from thence they ment to discoâ—er forwardes But these Uillages came to ruine because Gonsalo Pisarro toke those Captaines and their men to ayde him in his Warres This Discouery was first taken in hande by the order and consent of the lycenciat Vaca de Castro who was gouernour of that Prouince aâ—d sent Captayne Porsell by the coast of Saint Mighell and farther vp into the Mayne hee sent Vergara by the Prouince of the Chachapoyas thinking that they should haue made their entries by seuerall places although it so happened that both the sayd Captaynes met in their iorney and fell to discorde about their Discouery concerning to which of them it should appertaine so that they were both sente for by the Gouernour Vaca de Castro to pacifie and take order in the causes of their contencion so that they were of the first Captaynes that were at the beginninge of the Warres in the Cittie of the Kinges in the seruice of the Uice-roy and after that the sayd Uice-roy was taken prisoner they abode with Gonsalo Pisarro and left of their procéeding in the Discouery This discoâ—ery reached 160. leagues from the Citie of Quito along the mountaines so that other 80. leagues forward standeth the Prouince called Chicapoyas wheâ—e is a Towne of Christians intituled Leuanto and is a fruitfull soyle for all kinde of victuall and hath also reasonable rich
Mitimaes Out of euery Prouince throughout his whole DominioÌ„ they brought yerely vnto their prince certein tribute of such things as the countrey yealded in so much that in some barrain soiles where no good commoditie grew yet from thence they sent yerely also to the king in token of duetie obedience certain loades called burthens of litle Lizarts as far as 300. leagues from cusco This Prince Guaynacaua did réedifie the Temple of the sun which was of old time fouÌ„ded in the citie of Cusco séeled the Roofes and walles thereof with boordes of siluer and golde And because a certaine noble maÌ„ which â—welled in the playnes had rebelled against him called chimocappa who was a man of great possession and had more then one hundred leagues of ground he went personally against him slew him in the field coÌ„maunded that from thenceforth no IndiaÌ„ of the plaines should at any time were weapon which oâ—der is kept vntill this day yet notwithstanding his successor enioyed through the Princes fauour y e prouince of chimo where at this present standeth the citie of Trugillio Guaynacaua and his father toke an order for the breeding of cattaile by meane whereof the couÌ„trey was wel prouided out of the which they payd tithing which they sacrificed to the sun The chiefe cause of the estimation of gold amoÌ„g the Indians was because the king made al the vessell for the seruice of his court of that mettal and also Iewels for his person offerings for the Temple The king had alwaies a chaire of gold caried with him to sit in of 16. carrets in fines which was estéemed at 25000 dukets this chaire was one of the things y e Don Francisco Pisarro chose for his iewel at the time of y e conquest For according to the articles of agréement betwéene his Maiestie him was agreed that of y e best Iewels which should be found or taken at any victorye hee should haue one out of y e first choise of the whole treasure At y e birth of the first manchild which Guaynacaua had he coÌ„maÌ„ded a cable of gold wier to be made in remeÌ„brance of y e birth of his sonne that was of such greatnes as many IndiaÌ„s do affirme which are as yet liuing that 200. strong men could scarcely lift or beare and also in remembrance of this memorable iewel he named his soÌ„ne Guasca which in y e IndiaÌ„ spéech is called a cable or great rope added therunto for his sirname Inga which is as much to say as Emperour This example I thought good to declare in this place for to conuince an opinion which is held in Spayne among such as know not the fashions of India and was how that people esteemed no golde nor yet knew the valew therof although it is true that they had many straÌ„ge vessels wrought of siluer and golde and also images of men wemen sheepe and many other kinde of beasts and sundry kindes of herbes wrought in the same metall of exceeding cunning workmanship Of the estate of the warres when the Spaniards came into Peru. Chap. 15. ALthough the principal intent of this Historie was to set out the things hapned to the Spaniards which at that time conquered the land and of their discouery since But sithens this could not wel be done without touching somewhat of the estate of the Indians which then ruled And also that it may be vnderstood it was the diuine permission that the Spaniards should come thither at such time as the land was deuided into two parcialities for otherwise it wold haue séemed not only difficult but also almost impossible Therefore I will recite in briefe the estate which the Spaniards found the countrey in at their arriual After that Guaynacaua had brought into subiection to great a number of Prouinces to his Empire for y e space of 500. Leagues accounting from Cusco westward hée then determined to goe in person to conquere the Prouince of Quito in the vttermost part whereof finished his dominion So that he prouided on his iorney thitherward with a great armye and being come thither and hauing finished and quyeted that Prouince he delighted much in that countrey because it was a pleasant Soyle and holesome for his complection whereupon hee abode there a great space leuing in the citie of Cusâ—o certain of his Sonnes and Daughters amonge whom was his eldest sonne called Guascar Inga Mango Inga and Paulo Inga and diuerse others And in Quito hee married another Wife Daughter vnto the Lorde of that Countrey and of her hee begot a Sonne called Atabaliba who hee loued excéedinglye so that now hée determined to returne to Cusco leauinge his Sonne with a Tutor in Quito but in this returne hee found the Calsey in the Mountayne broken and spoyled as herebefore hath béene declared After hee had abode in Cusco certaine yeares hee determined to returne againe to Quito not onely because that Countrey contented him much but also with desire to sée his Wife and young Sonne whom he loued more than any other of his Children and this Iorney hee tooke in hande by the highe waye that was made in the Playnes and from this time forward hee retourned no more to Cusco but abode all his life time in Quito gaue that Land or Prouince which hee had with force conquered to his Sonne Atabaliba because the same had béen of his Grandfathers Whan Guaynacaua died his Sonne Atabaliba tooke pocession of his Armye and of all his Fathers ritches which were in that Prouince although his greatest treasure was lefte in his Treasury in the Cittie of Cusco in the custody of his eldest Sonne vnto whom Atabaliba sente Embassadors giuinge him to vnderstand the decease of his Father and also submittinge himselfe to his obedience beséechinge his Maiesty that hée would ratifie the gift of his Prouince of Quito which the Father of them both had left vnto him considering that that Prouince of Quito was conquered by their Father after the maryage with his Mother and moreouer the Lande came by his Mother and Auncestors and was not pertayning to the Crowne of cusco or his inheritance Guascar made answere that hée should come to Cusco and render vp vnto him the Army and in so dooinge hee would giue vnto such Landes as should maintaine him like a man but the state of Quito hée shoulde not haue because it was the vttermost part of his Kingdome and from thence hée ment to conquer forward and alwaies there to maintayne a Garrison as a Frontier And if vpon this warninge hee refused to come vnto him that then hée would bend his power against him as an open enemy Atabaliba tooke counsell vpon this matter with two of his Fathers Captaynes who were both wise and valyant in the Warres The one was called Quizquiz and the other cilicuchima who counsailed that hee should not abide his Brothers comminge but that it might please him to begin to take that
which endured with fire and sword the space of 15. dayes in reuenge of the three Spaniards which the Indians had so trayterously sacrificed in recompence of the libertie which the Gouernour gaue them in the Iland of Puna The Cascike of Tumbez séeing the great hurt done vnto them yealded himselfe and in token of submission he presented to the Gouernour certaine gold siluer TheÌ„ he procéeded on his discouery with the most part of his company leauing the residue with his Maiesties Auditour Antonio Nauarro the Treasorer Alonzo Râ—quelme and iorneyed til he came to the riuer of Poechos which stoode 30. Leagues distant from Tumbez and obtayned peace with all the Cascikes and Townes which were on the borders of that Riuer He also discouered the port of Payta which was accounted the best harbor in al y e coast To this place came messengers to the gouernour from Cusco from the Prince Guascar geuing him to vnderstaÌ„d the rebellion of his brother Atabaliba who as yet was not appreheÌ„ded as before hath bene declared crauing at his hands succour and defence against his sayd brother With these ioyful newes the Gouernor sent his brother Hernando Pisarro back againe to Tumbez to bring away w t him all the remainder of his coÌ„pany which had abode behinde when he had so done he inhabited w t them in y e Citie of S. Mighel which sometime was a town of Indians called Tangarara scituated on y e Riuer side of Chira not far from the sea where was an excéeding good harbor for the shippes which came from Panama hauing here deuided their gold plate which was presented in this Coast vnto them The gouernour prouided forward leauinge certaine of his men for Citizens of y e new citty tooke his way towarde y e Prouince of Caxamalca because hée had intelligence how Atabaliba was there How the Gouernour came to Caxamalca and what there happened Chap. 4. IN this iorney to Caxamalca the Gouernor and his armie passed great extremitie of thirst in a desert without habitatioÌ„ of 20â— leagues loÌ„g where was neither trée bush nor water but only al sandy ground very hot At the end of 20. Leagues he came into the Prouince of Motupe where he found fresh pleasant Ualleys replenished w t many Uillages where hee well refreshed his army with y e great aboundance of victualâ— which he there found and as he went from thence asceÌ„ding into the mountaines he met w t a messenger which came from Atabaliba who brought vnto him for a preseÌ„t a paire of paynted Shooes and a payre of hand ruffes of golde beseeching him that when he shoulde come before his Prince Atabaliba to weare those Shooes on his féete and also to weare the ruffs accordingly to thentent that he might be knowen by those tokens The Gouernour receiued thankefully the present promised that he would fulfill his request and moreouer that he should certifie Atabaliba that his comming was not to offeÌ„d him if notorious wrong were not offered vnto him Because sayd he the Emperour king of Castile who sent me hither commaunded that I should not attempt to displease any without reason With this answere the messenger departed and the Gouernour likewise followed with great foresight that no enemy should disturbe his passage When he came to Caxamalca he met with another Messenger which came to aduertise him that he should not take vp his lodging without expresse coÌ„maundement from Atabaliba To this ambassage y e Gouernour made no answere but rather toke vp his lodging according as he thought good And than he sent captaine Soto with twentie horâ—men wel trimmed to Atabaliba his Campe which stoode one League distant from the Gouerâ—ours lodging to signifie vnto him the arryuall of his Generall When Captaine Soto came in sight of Atabaliba he set spurres to his horse as though he would haue run against an armed man which brauery did not a litle amase the poore Indians who with all hast fled out of his way But for their labour Atabaliba commaunded them to he slayne and would geue Soto no answere of his embassage vntill Fernando Pisarro came who the Gouernour sente after Soto with another company of horsemen but he tolde his minde to one of gis noble Cascikes and the Cascike declared his saying to the interpreter and the Interpreter to Soto But to Hernando Pisarro hee spake personally by the mouth of the only Interpreter Unto whom Pisarro sayd that his brother the Gouernour came from the Emperour his Maiestie and to know his royall will he only desired that it might please him to signifie whether hee might freely come vnto his presence to be accepted as his fréend Unto whom Atabaliba answered y t hee would freendly accept his offer so that hee would returne the golde and plate which since the entrance into his land he had taken from his Indian subiectes and also that forthwith he would depart his countrey and dominions and to take order with him in these causes he ment the next day to meete him at a certaine place called Tambo de Caxamalca When Hernando Pisarro had receaued this answere he beheld the great number of tents which were in the Campe of Atabaliba which seemed vnto him a great Citie and then tooke his leaue and returned with his answere to the Gouernour and when hee was come to his brother hauing declared what he had heard and seene it some what discouraged him hauing for euery Christian 200. Indians But notwithstanding he and all his company beeing hautâ—e minded and also of great stomacke The night followinge they comforted one another putting their only confidence in God so that than they occupied them selues in trimminge their Armor and other Furniture without takinge any rest of sleepe the whole night How the Battayle was giuen to Atabaliba and the taking of him Prisoner Chap. 5. THe next day following the Gouernor early in the morninge set his Armye in good order deuydinge 60. Horsemen into three partes and placed them in Ambush in seuerall places vnder the gouernment of Captaine Soto and Captaine Benalcasar for their Chiefetaines hee appointed his three Brethren Hernando Ihon and Gonsalo Pisarro and hee himselfe went with the infantry which is to be vnderstode al sortes of armed footemen prohibiting that none should stir without his watchword and the great ordinance shot of Atabaliba likewise set in good order his men of war appointing conuenient ground for his captaines to geue the onset He also commaunded that where he iudged the most danger of the christian force that one of his chiefe captaines called Ruminagui should attend that if nede required he might set on the Spanyards at their flight In this order Atabaliba set forward with great consideration and leasure that he was at the least 4. houres going one litle league Hee himselfe was caryed in his litter vpon noble mens shoulders There went before him 300. gentlemen attired in one sort of liuery making
many straunge garments The vessels of Golde was estéemed in 60000. Poyzes which is accounted seuen shillings starling to euery poyze and this vessel was for the seruice of the only perâ—on of Atabaliba And also 5000. wemen which submitted themselues willinglye to the Spanyardes commaundement And when these things were ended Atabaliba sayd vnto the Gouernour sithence you haue mée now Prisoner in your power vse me fauourably and for my raunsome and libertye I will giue this Quaderne place or house full with vessels and peeces of Golde and so much Plate as you will reasonably demaund And when his offer was in this sorte declared hee thought that the Gouernour tooke his sayings to be a thing vnpossible wherfore hée replyed againe sayinge I will performe what I haue saide and somewhat more The Gouernor answeredâ— that hée would deale fréendly with him accordinge to his request Atabaliba gaue him most hartie thankes and forthwith dispatched messengers throughout his Dominions and especially to Cusco to gather togeather the golde and Plate which hée had promised for his rauÌ„some which was iudged a thing vncredible to bee performed for the couenaunt was to giue full of the saide Treasure a certaine house in Caxamalca as high as the same Atabaliba could reach with his hand standinge on the ground and the like in compasse accordinge to the height and to make his promise the playner hée marked out with a red Lyne the plot which hée would fill with the sayde vessels of Golde and Plate but notwithstandinge that dailye came great store of Treasure into the Campe yet the Spanyardes thought it not sufficiente for a foundacion of the performance of Atabaliba his promise wherupon they began amonge them selues to murmure saying the time passeth away and Atabaliba complyeth not with vs his raunsome consideringe that his day is past But saide they it is to bee thought that with this pollicy hée meaneth to geather a new Army so to come sodainly vpon vs to our distruction Atabaliba being a sencible and wise man vnderstood the murmuring of the Christians he demaunded of the Gouernor y e cause of their muttering secret coÌ„ference who informed him of the matter euen as it was why answered hee as yet they haue no reason to complaine of the delay for the day of paiment is scarcely paste that they ought to haue consideracion y t the place which was the Cittie of Cusco from whence the greatest part of his raunsome should come stood distant froÌ„ Caxamalca 200. long leagues of euil way moreouer the treasure should be brought vpoÌ„ mens shoulders by reasoÌ„ wherof he praied not to thinke the time long nor yet to thinke it vnpossible y t he was able to performe his promise y e premisses considered it was not much to haue pacience for one Moneth more or lesse but yet said hée for your more quicker dispatch let one or two of your company goe vnto Cusco to sée the thing which I haue affirmed Upon this poinct there were sundry opinions among the Christians whither they mought giue credit to Atabaliba his words and also how it was not a thing conuenient to put any christian in the Indian power when Atabaliba had vnderstood their meaning he laughed saying I maruaile that any christiaÌ„ should stand in distrust of my word security in the iorney to Cusco Do ye not consider how ye haue my person prisoner in Chaiâ—es also my wiues ChildreÌ„ in your power with this answere they determined that Captaine Soto and Pedro del Barro â— should go to Cusco who by the coÌ„maundement of Atabaliba werâ— carried in Litters vpon the Indians shoulders had for their Gard a great company of Atabalibas Souldiers and in this order they iorneyed by poste for those Littermen presume to make great speede and abhor slow iorneyes yet only two men do carry the Litter at one time notwithstanding 50. or 60. persons attend vpoÌ„ euery Litter and so they goe runninge with their burden for a space and theÌ„ are ready other two for to take the burden In y e way as they wente they met Atabaliba his Captaines who brought his Brother Prince Guascar prisoner who was desirous to talke w t the said Captaine Soto his coÌ„panioÌ„ of whoÌ„ he was informed of such thinges which had hapned also what their preteÌ„ce coÌ„ming into y e couÌ„try was But when Guascar vnderstood the Emperours meaning and also the intent of the christian gouernour in his name which was aswel to maintayne in iustice y e christians as the Indians which he should conquere that euery one might enioy his owne he then discouered the discord betweene him and his brother and how his brothers intent was to disherite him of his kingdome and estate which of right was his owne inheritance by discent from his father Guaynacaua and for this purpose he was now carryed prisoner to be slaine Wherefore hee most humbly besought them to returne backe againe with him to open his doliens to the Lord Marques their Gouernour beséeching him that sithens they both brethren were at that instant in his power and he of right being absolute Lord of the land that it might please him to see iustice executed betwéene theÌ„ and to geue iudgement to which of them the kingdome did appartaine considering that as he was enfourmed his only comming was for that intent And if sayd hee y t Marques wil take this matter in hand I will not only see perfourmed the summe of golde and plate promised by Atabaliba to be deliuered at Tambo in Caxamalca But I wil also fill al that house called Tambo euen to y e roofe which should be thrée times as much and more that hys brother had promised requesting them to make enquiry whether he were a man of power to perfourm his offer with greater facilitie then his brother was able to perfourme his promise For Atabaliba to accomplishe his raunsome should be forced to spoyle the rich Temple of the Sunne in the citie of Cusco which was wainscoted with boord of gold and plate in equall panes because hee had no other remedy nor from whence to haue any other quantitie But I quoth he haue in my power all the treasure and iewels of my father wherewith I may easilye perfourme much more then I haue spoaken Wherein hee sayd the trueth although his said treasure was hidden vnder grouÌ„d in such place as no maÌ„ liuing knew where it was but only he himselfe and as yet vntil this day it is not knowen for the multitude of Indians which carryed the same to the secret place where it was buryed as soone as the sayd treasure was hidden they were by his commaundement all slayne because the place should not be discouered Although since the winning of the Countrey the Spanyardes haue sought and digged in many places where they suspected the treasure to be hidden But vntill this day they could not attayne to the knowledge thereof Captaine Soto and Petro del
for their ships hée now considering that the number of his Horse were but few which hee left there after the taking Prisoner of Atabaliba hee sent for his Deputie from Caxamalca to Sainct Mighell Captaine Benalcasar with ten Horses at which time came many Indian Canares to make their coÌ„plaint against Ruminagui â— and his people saying that daily they were by them molested with cruell War At the same seasoÌ„ were many men comen from Panama Nicaragua so that when Captaine Benalcasar had heard of the iniuries of the Indians of Quito hee chose 200. of those fresh-men whereof was 80. Horsemen with them he toke his Iorney toward Quito aswel to defend the Canares as also for the great same of Golde that was thought to bee in those partes in the Treasury of Atabaliba when Ruminagui had vnderstanding of the comming of Captaine Benalcasar hee came and encountered with him in manye dauÌ„gerous passages with y e number of 12000 Indians also had many priuie snares made to intray y e ChristiaÌ„s in the high wayes which pollicies Benalcasar did preuent with great diligence for in the night season he sent 60. or 70. horsemen to assure his way either aboue or beneath y e accustomed high wayes which was ordinarily done before the morning so y t with this industry y e enemy was forced to retire into the plaines where they durst not abide the battaile for the great spoile which the horsemen made among them â—ut if by hap they staied in any place it was where their vsuall snares were betwéene them and the christians which were great holes made in the grouÌ„d sticked ful of stakes couered ouer with a false couering of grasse straw sand or els with turues which was so wel handled that w t great difficultie those snares could be discouered and might wel be compared to those which Caesar wryteth in his seuenth commentary which the people of Aexia deuysed for the defence of their citie But notwithstanding all their inuentioÌ„s they could not deceiue Benalcasar his chiefe pollicie was that alwayes he would be sure not to giue any onset where the Indians shewed countenance to expecte his comming for there was alwayes the snares ordeyned But rather he would goe and compasse them about 2. or 3. leagues to assaulte them on their backs or sidewise with great aduise not to passe vpon any gréene thing that might séeme counterfaite But now the Indians séeing their practises woulde take no place they deuised another practise which was they hauing vnderstanding or at the least suspecting which way the Christians would passe made certayne heales in the ground of the breatâ—h of a horse foote somwhat déepe not much distant one from another pretending by this pollicie to breake their horse legs But yet their deuises could not preuail to deceue Benalcasar who stil proceeded on conquering as he went euen to the principal cittie of Quito where hee had aduertisement how Ruminagui had sayd vnto his wiues which were many now shall you haue your desire and pleasure for y e Christians whom ye loue are at hand with whom yee may take your repast But those poore weÌ„ches thinking that he had speaken those words in meriment or iest laughed at his sayings which laughter cost them déere for with méere ielicusie incontinent he commaunded their heads to be stricken from their bodies and when he had executed this cruell acte he determined to flee and forthwith â—e set on fyer a warâ—drope which was ful of rich princely ornaments which sometime did belong for the ordinary appartel of Guainacaua When these his venemoâ—s factes were ended he fled and in his flight hee gaue a sodaine assault vpon the Spaniards but no hurt done so that now entred Benalcâ—sar and tooke quyet posseâ—sion of the Citie In this meane season y e Lord Marques Gouernor sent Don Diego de Almagro to the new citie of S. Mighel there to take information of certaine newes which was certified vnto him which was how Don Pedro de Aluarado Gouernour of Guatimalla had taken shipping to come into Peru with a great power both of horsemen and footmen to discouer Peru as more at large shall be declared in the next chapter Don Diego de Almagro came to the citie of S. Mighel â— without hearing any â—urther newes of that matter but he had vnderstanding how Benalcasar was in the siege of Quito and of the resistance of Ruminagui whereupon he determined to goe succour him and accordingly tooke that iorney in hand which was 120. leagues from saint Mighel And when he was come to Quito he tooke all Benalcasars men and ioyned them with his army with whom he conquered certaine townes which vntill his comming would not yeeld but when he saw that y e great treasure of gold which he expected could not be found he returned toward Cusco leauing Captaine Benalcasar for Gouernour of Quito as he was before his comming How Don Pedro de Aluarado came into Peru and what followed Chap 10. AFter that Don Hernando Cortez Lord Marques of the valley of Huaxacac had conquered and pacyfied the new Spayne hee had vnderstanding of a countrey adioyning therunto called Guatimala for the discouery thereof he sent one of hys captaynes called Don Pedro de Aluarado who with y e company which he had with him did conquere and winne the same with great peril and danger And in recompence of his paynes taken the Emperour his maiesty gaue vnto him the gouernment of the same countrey FroÌ„ wheÌ„ce he had intelligence of the Prouince of Peru whereupon he besought his Maiestie to graunt vnto him some parte of that discouery which according to his request was giuen vnto him with the conditions accustomed for discouerers By vertue of which graunt vnder letters patents he sent a Gentleman of the towne of Casarez called Gartia Holguin with two shippes to discouer the coast of Peru at whose returne bringing newes of the greate quantitie of golde which Don Francisco Pisarro had obtayned in his discouery he determined personallye to take that iorney in hand and whilest that Don Francisco was occupyed in his affayres in Caxamalca he imagined that he might easily procéede beyonde his iurisdiction vpon his pretended discouery and take possession of the Cittie of Cusco which in his iudgemente did stand without the limittes of the 250. Leagues of ground discouered and graunted in gouernment to Don Francisco Pisarro and to bring the better his purpose to effect he feared least succour might come from Nicaragua to the Gouernour wherupon on a night he sayled to Nicaragua where hee tooke by force two great shippes which were there rigging to effect that when they were trimmed they should passe a company of men and horses to the gouernour Pisarro in Peru. In which shippes and in his owne which he brought from Guatimalla he embarked 500. horsemen and footmen and with them sayled til he came to y e coast of Puerto Viejo and from thence hee
called Pole Antartike and hath also not farre from him the crosse starres with other three more that followeth him in their order and moouinge so that there are seuen starres y t attendeth on that North star which differ not much from ours which the sayd Astronomers call Triton sauing that the fourth which are toward the South standeth crosse wise and are ioyned nearer togeather than ours our North star also is cleane out of sight within 200. leagues of Panama comming directly vnder y e Equinoctiall Line where at one instant is easely seen both those Tritons or north starres Artike Antartike although a great space from the Pole Antartike séemeth most playne the foure crosse starres by the moouinge wherof the Sea faringe men do kéepe their reckoninge whan they come to 30. degrees then all the other three starres serue for their purpose In this countrey of Chili the daye differeth from the night and the night from the day according to the course of the yeare as it doth in Spayne although not by the same times In the Lande of Peru and in the Prouince of Tierra firme and also in al other places there adioyninge to the Equinoctiall the day and night is equall throughout all the yeare and if at any time in the cittie of the Kinges the daye or night increase or diminishe it is so small a thing that it can not easely be decerned The Indians of Chili goe apparelled like vnto the Indians of Peru both men and wemen are of a good iesture and féede ordinarily of such meates as those of Peru. Beyond Chili 38. degrées from the Line are two greate men of power which maintaine alwayes war the one against the other and eche of them is of power to bringe into the Féelde 200000 men of war the one was named Leuchengorma which is Lord of an Iland which standeth two leagues from the firme land dedicated to his Idols in which Iland standeth a great Temple wherunto appertained 2000 Preestes The Indians of this Leuchengorma informed the Spanyardes that 50. leagues beyond that place between two Riuers was a great Prouince all inhabited with wemen which consente not to haue any sorte of men among them except a certaine time conuenient for generacion and then if any happen to bee with a childe and bring forth men children they are after certaine yeares sent to their fathers and the daughters which they likewise beare remaineth with them these wemen also are in subiection to Leuchengorma The Quéene of these wemen is called Guayboymilla which in their language is as much to say as Heauen of Golde because the reporte was that great quantitie of gold groweth there therof they make exceeding ritch cloth of all their coÌ„modities they paye tribute to Leuchengorma And although oftentimes y e Spanyards hath had notice of this countrey yet they neuer tooke y e discouery in hande because Don Diego would not abide to inhabit in y e coast also sithence that time Pedro de Valdiuia was sent to inhabit y e couÌ„trey who could not bring his desire of furniture to passe coÌ„uenient for y e voiage although he hath inhabited 33. degrées beyoÌ„d the Equinoctial Southward also perfect knowledge of habitacion was knowen to bee vnto 40. degrées alonge that coast especiallye one shippe which Don Gabriell de Carauajall Bishop of Plazensia sent in discouery which had passed through the Strayght of Magalanes who from the said straite came sayling along that coast Norward vntil he arriued at the port of the city of y e kings and before the coÌ„minge of this ship there was no memory of Rats found in all Peru so that it seemeth that y e first broode of Rats came out of that ship sithens that time al the citties in Peru are replenished with aboundance it is thought that among chests and fardels of marchandize they were carried from place to place wherupon the Indians do name them Ococha which is to say a verminâ— comen out of the sea Of the returne of Hernando Pisarro into Peru and of the dispatch which he brought with him and of the rebellion of the Indians Cap. 3. AFter that Don Diego de Almagro was departed from Cusco Hernando Pisarro came froÌ„ Spayne hauing receiued at y e Emperors hand greate fauoure who also made him knight of the order of S. Iames He also brought for his brother Don Francisco prorogation for certain leagues of ground in his gouernment And also the prouisioÌ„ which hath béene spoken of for the gouermeÌ„t of Don Diego de Almagro At this instant Mango Inga Lord of Peru was prisoner in Cusco for the conspiracie which he had wrought against the Christians with his brother Paulo Inga and Villaoma Almagro wrote vnto Iohn Pisarro requesâ—ing him to set theÌ„ at libertie because he was loth that Hernando Pisarro should finde them prisoners at his comming to Cusco at which time Iohn Pisarro was in the conquest of Collao and at the sight of his letter they were discharged out of pryson When Hernando Pisarro was come to Cusco he became a singular good freend to Inga and vsed hym verie curteously notwithstandyng he had alwaies regarde to attende vnto hym It was thought that this freendship was to the intent to craue some golde of hym for his Maiestie or els for hym self So that after twoo monethes that he was come to Cusco Inga besought hym to graunt vnto hym leaue to goe vnto Yncaya to celebrate a certaine feast and in consideration of his courtesie he promised to bryng vnto hym an Image of golde whiche was made in remembraunce of his Father Guaynacaua bothe in proportion and likenesse the coueteous desire of gold caused Hernando Pisarro to grauÌ„t his request And when he was comen to Yncaya he put in vre the conspiracie whiche he had pretended since the tyme that D. Diego de Almagro departed from Chili so findyng hym self at the place where he required to bee He began to murder certaine Miners that wrought in the gold Mines and other housdand men whiche were in the fieldes he also sent one of his Captaines with a greate nomber of his people to take the Fortresse of Cusco the whiche his commaundement was doen accordyngly so that in sixe daies the Spanyards could scarcely winne the Fortresse againe and at the winnyng thereof Ihon Pisarro was slaine in the night season with a stone whiche strake hym on the heade so that by the meane of an other wound whiche he had on his head he could not suffer his head peece his death was bewailed throughout the lande And certainly the losse of his persone was greate because he was a valliant manne and well experimented in the warres of that countrey and singularly beloued of all men When Inga had intelligence of the death of Ihon Pisarro he came with all his power vpon the citie besieged it for the space of eight Monethes and more and at euery full Moone he assaulted the Citie
on euery side how be it Hernando Pisarro and his brethren defended his assaulte like valliant gentlemen with many other Capitaines and approued good Souldiars whiche were within the Citie especialâ—y Gabrâ—ell de Rojas Hernando Ponso de Leon Don Alanso Henriquez and the Treasorer Requelme and many others who vnarmed them selues neither daie nor night and did assuredly beleeue that the Gouernor and all the other Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians because thei had knowledge that all the lande had rebelled and were occupied in the warres So that these valliant minded men fought so manfully as men that expected no humaine succour but onely put their trust in the helpe from GOD alone although thei daiely deminished by the handes of the Indians In the meane while that the warre and siege endured Gonsalo Pisarro with other twentie horsemen came out of the Citie to vewe the siege and proceded forwarde till thei came to the Lake called Chinichera whiche stoode fiue leagues distant from the Citie where the enemies came so thicke and thronged vppon hym who although he aâ—d his companie fought valliauntly yet thei had yelded if Hernando Pisarro and Alonso de Turo had not rescued them with an other companie of horsemen because GoÌ„salo had entered too farre emong the enemies whiche he did with greater courage then wisedome How Don Diego de Almagro came with his power vpon Cusco and tooke prisoner Hernando Pisarro Chapt. 4. HEre before hath been declared how Iuan de Herrada caried into the prouince of Chili to Don Diego de Almagro the prouision which the Emperor had graunted to hym concernyng his newe gouernation whiche did extend beyond the limites of DoÌ„ Francisco Pisarro his graunt wherevpon he determined to returne from his pretended discouerie of Chili and to take the Citie of Cusco into his power to whiche purpose the gentlemen whiche were in his coÌ„panie encouraged hym to make all the hast possible especially Gomes de Aluarado brother to Don Pedro de Aluarado and his Uncle Diego de Aluarado and Rodrigo Orgonios emong whom some desired the reparation of the Citie and Countrey and other coueâ—ed to bee alone in the gouernation of Chili so that to bryng this matter to passe thei deuised to cause their interpretars to proclaime that Don Francisco Pisarro and all his companie of Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians whiche had rebelled who had likewise vnderstandyng of the rebellion of Inga So that now Don Diego tooke this enterprise in hande and when he was come within sixe leagues of Cusco without giuing knowledge to HernaÌ„do Pisarro of his commyng he wrote to Inga promisyng to pardon all that was paste if he would become his freend and assist hym in his pretended purpose alledgyng moreouer that all the lande appertainyng to Cusco was within the precinct of his gouernement wherefore his meanyng was to possesse the same But Inga deceiptfully sent hym woorde that he should come personally and talke with hym and so he did with suspition of some deceipte wherefore he lefte some of his menne with Iuan de Sayauedra and tooke the reste with hym But when Inga espied tyme conuenient he sette vppon hym with suche a vehement courage that Don Diego was glad to retire In the meane season HernaÌ„do Pisarro hauyng knowledge of his commyng went to visite Iuan de Sayauedra at his Campe and mought haue taken hym prisoner if he had would as the Citezens of Cusco had counsailed hym to doe but he would not rather when he had spoken with hym he retourned backe vnto the Citie without the giuyng vnto him of any vngentle language How be it Iuan de Sayauedra reported afterward that he had offered vnto hym 5000. poyzes in gold to deliuer into his power all the men whiche were in his companie and that he refused the money When Don Diego was retourned from Inga he came with all his armie in the sight of the Citie with his Ensignes spread where he tooke fower horsemen whiche Hernando Pisarro had sent to talke with hym he also sent to require the state and Cheef Magistrates of the Citie to receiue hym for their gouernour accordyng to the Emperours letters Patentes graunted to hym whiche were ready to bee seen The saied Magistrates made answere saiyng that he should cause the limittes of his graunt to be measured with Don Francisco Pisarro and wheÌ„ it should be verified that the Citie of Cusco should fall out of the league of grounde specified in the graunt of Don Francisco then would thei yeelde to his request and also obeye hym as reason and duetie should require But their wise and gentle aunswere was neuer performed By meane whereof after did followe suche greate damage slaughter and discorde betwene these twoo valliaunt Captaines and although sundrie tymes thei mette to measure by line the lande that should appertaine to eche of them yet thei neuer agreed vpon the cause For sometymes thei would saie that the leagues of lande appertainyng to the gouernation of Don Francisco should bee measured a long the Sea coste acceptyng into the reconyng all Creekes Bayes and croked heade landes or Capes Others helde opinion that the measure should bee by lande acceptyng likewise into the accompte all croked waies whiche of force were to bee gonne almoste circular and not directly straight So that by eche of these twoo reconynges the gouernement of Don Francisco did finishe a greate waie before thei could come to Cusco yea some saied before thei could come to the Citie of Kynges But Don Francisco pretended that their opinions were not iuste nor lawfull in that forme of measuring but rather saied he that thei should measure according to the rules of the altitude of the Sunne allowing the due nomber of leagues to euery degree beginnyng at the Equinoctiall line accordyng to Astronomers reconyng in the Northe and Southe course by the superior line and in so doyng the Citie should fall into the iursdiccion of Pisarro But bee it as maie bee for as yet vntill this daie the matter was neuer agreed vpon that is to saie whether the Citie of Cusco doeth fall into the newe Castile or in the newe Toledo although sundrie tymes bothe Pilotes and learned GeometriciaÌ„s hath met to decide the cause especially the Licenciall Vaca de Castro who had a perticular CoÌ„mission touchyng that matter and as yet sentence was neuer pronounced But now letting this discord ceasse returnyng again to the Historie Hernando Pisarro sent woorde vnto Don Diego that he would prepare a certaine parte of the Citie for hym and his retine we to lodge in and in the meane while he would aduertise his brother Don Francisco of his demaunde who at that instaunt was abiding in the Citie of the Kyngs to the intent that some order might be taken betweene them consideryng that thei were bothe freendes and companions And to treate of this matter some doe affirme that truce was taken vpon that condition so that vnder that conclusion eche one held him self to
be in securitie Hernando Pisarro caused that night all the Citezens and menne of warre to take their reste in their houses because thei were greatly wearied with watchyng and wearyng their armour daies and nightes without takyng any rest at all When Don Diego had aduise of the Citezens reste and securitie and the night beyng verie darke especially through a darke Cloude whiche at that instaunt couered the Citie he forthwith assaulted the Citie But when Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro heard the noise thei made greate haste in arming them selues and their house beeyng the first that was assaulted thei like valliant gentlemen defended them selues vntill thei had set fire on euery side of the house wherevpon thei yelded and were in this order taken prisoners The next daie followyng Don Diego compelled the couÌ„saill of the Citie to receiue hym for their cheef ruler and Gouernour and also commaunded Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro to be put in Irons yea and many of his councellers wished hym to put them to death the whiche councell he refused considering the noble courage and minde whiche thei shewed in the defence of their house so that thei were put in the custodie of Diego de Aluarado Also it was credibly thought that certaine Indians were the occasion that Don Diego did breake the truse that was made and also some Spanyardes who brought newes vnto hym that Hernando Pisarro had commaunded to breake donne the bridges and the Fortresse in the Citie whiche newes seemed to bee the verie originall cause For when Don Diego entered into the Citie he spake these woordes with a loude voyce Oh how haue ye deceiued me with your deceiptfull newes for here I finde bothe bridges and euery thyng whole and sounde Of all these proceadinges the Gouernor Pisarro knewe nothing nor many daies after the takyng of the citie and imprisonment of his brethren Don Diego de Almagro made Paulo brother to Atabaliba kyng gaue vnto him the Cassal of the Empire the which newes being knowne to his brether Mango Inga he fledde with a greate nomber of his people into certaine asperous Mountaines called Andes How the Indians slue many that the Gouernor sent to succour his brethren in Cusco Chap. 5. EMong other thynges whiche the Gouernour Don Francisco Pisarro sent to craue of the Emperour he besought his Maiestie in remuneration of his seruice doen in the conquest of Peru to graunt hm 20000. Indians perpetually to hym his discendentes in a Prouince called Atambillos with their Rentes Tributes and Iurisdiction with title of Lorde Marques of that place and people The Emperour aunswered that as touchyng the Indian people he would take aduisement and also of the qualitie of the Countrey and what profite or damage thereof might growe and that in consideration of his seruice he would so gratifie hym as lawfully with reason he should thinke conuenient so that at his request the title of Lorde Marques was graunted and the Emperor commaunded that from thence forthe he should be sâ— called And therefore hereafter in the prosecution of this Historie we will call hym by the name of Lorde Marques The Lorde Marques hauyng vnderstandyng of the rebellion of the Indians and not thinkyng the matter would haue come to suche extremitie he began to sende succour of men to his brother Hernando Pisarro to Cusco by little and little as he could gette them by tenne aâ—d fiftene at a tyme. The Indians also hearyng of this weake succour appointed many men of warre to attende their commyng at euery dangerous passage that was in their waie so that as many as the Lorde Marques sent in this order were as fast murdered by those Indians whiche thyng would not so haue fallen out if he had sent them all together And as he went to visite the cities of Trugillio and sainct Mighell he determined to sende one Diego Pisarro with 70. horsemen to the succour of his brethren al the whiche the Indians sâ—ue at a straight passage whiche of force thei should goe and at this daie is called the hill of Parcos whiche standeth fiftie leagues from Cusco and the like happened to the Marques his brother in Lawe called Gonsalo de Tapia who he sent afterward with 80. horsemen thei also put to the worse Captaine Morgoujo and Captaine Gaete with their coÌ„panies yea fewe or none of them escaped so that those which alwaies followed last could haue no knowledge of the successe of those which went before And an other policie the Indians also vsed which was thei would let them passe till thei came into a Ualley betweene twoo Hilles and then would thei enuiron them bothe before and behinde and from the high places came the stones as thicke as Haile beeyng throwne with slynges in suche sorte that thei slue many of them before thei could come to hande strokes So that thei slue aboue 300. horsemen and tooke from them greate quaÌ„titie of Iewells Armour and apparell of silke Now the Marques hauyng no aunswere from none of those succours he sent Francisco Godoy borne in Caceres with 45. horsemen who by chaunce mette with onely twoo men whiche had serued vnder Capitaine Gaete and escaped from the tyranny of the Indians so that by them he had intelligence of all that had passed wherevpon he returned with all speede although he was almoste taken in the snare of his fellowes and was followed by the Indians aboue twentie leagues and daiely by them encountered before and in the reregarde So that he was forced to trauaile in the night seaâ—on for feare of the multitude of enemies And wheÌ„ he was come to the Citie of Kynges whither also was comen Captaine Diego de Aguero with certaine men that hâ—d escaped the Indians rage The Marques had vnderstandyng how a greate nomber of the Indian enemies followed Captaine Aguero wherevpon he sent Pedro de Lerma with 70. horsemen and many Indians his freendes to encounter with the Souldiars of Inga with whom thei fought almoste a whole daie vntill the enemies were forced to take a high Rocke for their holde and sauegarde Wherevnto the Spanyardes laied siege on euery side the same daie captaine Lerma had his teeth broken with the stripe of a stone and also nine of his men were wounded and one horseman slaine But the Christians draue them into so greate an extremitie that if the Marques had not commaunded them to retire thei would that daie haue ended the warres because the Indians were in extreame miserie shutt vp in their fort and no waie to helpe them selues So that the Spanyardes also seeyng theim selues free from the tyrannie of their enemies thei gaue vnto God mooste hartie thankes and thâ—s doen thei remoued their Campe vnto an high hille that standeth not farre from the Citie of the Kynges daiely skirmishyng with the enemies The cheefe Captaine of the Indians was called Tysoyopangui and the brother of Inga which the Marques sent with Captaine Gaete in these warres whiche the Indians attempted nere the
Citie of the Kyngs it happened that many Indians who were seruauntes to the Spanyardes called Yanaconas serued the Indians of the warres in the daie season for wages and at night came to their supper and lodgyng with their maisters ¶ How the Marques sent into diuers parties to requier succour and how Captaine Alonso de Aluarado came to aide hym Chap. 6. THe Lorde Marques seyng suche a greate noÌ„ber of Indian enemies in redinesse for the besiging of the citie of the Kinges he then thought assuredly that Hernando Pisâ—rro and all his companie in Cusco were slain and that the insurrection and rebellioÌ„ was generall through the lande thinkyng also that Don Diego had the like successe in Chili And because the Indians should not thinke that with feare he kept his Nauie of shipps to flie in them when neede should require And also that the Spanyardes should not haue hope of succour to repaire to the saied shippes to escape out of the lande and by that meane to fight with lesse courage then manhoode should require he commaunded the shippes to bee sent from thence to Panama He sent also messengers to the Uiceroye of the newe Spaine and to all the Christian gouernours of all the Indies crauyng their fauor and helpe aduertisyng theÌ„ of the great danger that he was in Signifiyng the same with woordes not of suche courage as he was wont to shewe in other â—hynges But it should seeme that his so doyng was through the peâ—swation of some faint harted persone whiche councelled hym so to doe He sent likewise to his lieutenant of Trugillio coÌ„maunding hym to leaue the Citie without people and to embarke their wiues children and goodes in a ship which he sent for that purpose that thei might be conuayed to the firm laâ—â—e and he with all the rest of the citezens to come with their horses and armor to aide him Because he thought assuredly that the Indian enemies would come and spoâ—le their Citie and he not able to defende them So that he iudged the surest waie to bee to ioyne them selues together in one bodie yet he required that their coÌ„ming should be in secret WheÌ„ thinhabitaÌ„tes of Trugillio were ready to depart towardes the Marques came thither Captain Alonso de Aluarado with all his companie who was come froÌ„ the discouerie of Chachapoyas beyng also sent for by the Marques and hauyng lefte a certaine companie of men of warre in the Citie of Trugilio for the sauegarde of the same thei came al together to the Citie of the Kynges to aide the Marques who louyngly entertained them And incontinent made Alonso de Aluarade captaine generall in lue of Pedro de Lerma who vntill that tyme had enioyed that office yet the vnplacyng of hym was so greeuous vnto hym that afterward it caused Mutynie as in place and tyme shalbe declared When the Marques sawe him self so well prouided of men and other â—urniture necessarie he determined to succour where moste neede should require Whervpon he sent captaine Alonso de Aluarado with 300. Spanyardes footemen and horsemen to discrie the couÌ„trey who proceding on his iourney about 4 leagues from the citie in Pachacama he had a sharpe battaile with the Indians of whom he had the victorie and slue many of theÌ„ this doen he tooke the waie toward Cusco in whiche iourney passyng through the countrey vnhabited he suffered great penurie and onely for waÌ„t of water died aboue 500 of his Indians with thirst who were labourers and caried his bagage and if the light horsemen had not been who roade by poste with certain vessells for water whiche was the meane to saue the liues of a greate nomber mo of the footemen whiche were all in danger of the same ende As he in this maner proceded forward he ouertooke in the Prouince of Xauxa Gomes de Tordâ—ya naturall de Villa Nueua de Barca Rota who had in his companie 200 footemen and horsemen so that thei were now in nomber 500 men with whom Alonso de Aluerado tooke his waie to the bridge called Lumjchaca where the IndiaÌ„s had enuironed them on euery side hauyng their battaile together the Christians had the victorie yet thei ceassed not skirmishyng vntill thei came to the bridge called Aban cay where Alonso de Aluarado had vnderstanding of the imprisonment of Hernando Gonsalo Pisarro and of all the affaires which passed in Cusco so that he determined to procede no further vntil he should haue further Commission from the Marques When DoÌ„ Diego de Almagro had notice of the coÌ„myng of Alonso de Aluarado he sent vnto hym Diego de Aluarado with other seuen horsemen to notifie vnto hym the prouision graunted by the Emperor Who at their commyng Alonso de Aluarado tooke them prisoners saiyng that the Lorde Marques ought to be cited with their prouisions not he who was no partie for suche matters But when Don Diego sawe that his messengers returned not againe fearyng least Alonso de Aluarado ment to enter into Cusco by some other waie About xv daies after he came with his whole power determinyng to set vpon Aluarado because he vnderstandyng how Pedro de Lerma had practised a Mutinie for to passe vnto him with 80 men and when Don Diego drewe nigh to Aluarado his scoute toke prisoner Pedro Aluarez Holguin who was a light horsman to Aluarado who hauing intelligence of his imprisonment was minded likewise to appreheÌ„de Pedro de Lerma vpon suspition who fled from him the same night carriyng with hym the fines of all those whiche had promised their faithe and freendship to Don Diego On a night Don Diego came to the bridge hauyng knowledge how Gomes de Tordoya and a sonne of the Coronel Vilalua were tariyng his commyng who had sent ouer at a shallow place many of the men whiche were of the coÌ„spiracie with Pedro de Lerma who were encoraged to passe the water without feare It was manifestly knoweÌ„ that some of the conspirators who watched that night had stolne aboue fiftie Lances whiche thei brought awaie with them So that when Alonso de Aluarado was minded to haue attempted the battaile he founde the conspirators missyng and many moe of his men whiche went to seeke their Lances that were stollen from them in the night watch were also wanting by meane wherof Don Diego obtained the victorie without bloudsheding sauing that Rodrigo Orgonios had his téeth broken with the stripe of a stone Now wheÌ„ the spoile was deuided Aluarado taken prisoner Don Diego retuâ—ned to Cusco where he shewed some bitternes of crueltie to his prisoners yea and so exalted him self in pride that he letted not to saie that in short space he would not leaue one of the name of Pisarro to stuÌ„ble at in all the dominion of Peru. He said also that the Marques might goe rule emong the Manglarez whiche dwell vnder the Equinoctiall line if he liâ—t to gouerne How the lorde Marques tooke his iourney to Cusco to succour his brethren
would so haue fallen out if it had bin accepted for truthe it was that the Marques company were those first daies like men that were so siâ—ke and farre out of order with wearinesse of the passage through the snoe in the Mountaines in consideration whereof the Marques descended doune into the plaines Don Diego passed to Cusco alwaies breakyng doune the bridges and spoylyng the high waies as he went thinkyng that the Marques had followed hym and wheÌ„ he was entred the Citie of Cusco he abode there two monethes ioynyng al his whole power and force of men together trimmyng and settyng in good order his armor municion and all his furniture necessarie for the warres he wrought weapoÌ„s of siluer and copper and of the same mettall he cast Ordenance and sortes of Artillerie ¶ How Hernando Pisarro came to Cusco with his armie and fought the battaile at Salinas and tooke Don Diego de Almagro Prisoner Chap. 11. THE Marques with all his armie beeyng in the plaines hauing descended from the MouÌ„taines he found among his Captaines sundrie opinions concerning their procedinges But in fine it was concluded that Hernando Pisarro should goe with the Hoste which was there in readinesse for the Marques Lieutenant vnto the Citie of Cusco and his brother Gonsalo Pisarro to bee his Captaine generall with title and voyce to execute iustice to certaine Citizens of Cusco which were in his companie who had made complaint of wrong that had bin doen vnto them by Don Diego de Almagro who had takeÌ„ their houses landes and Indian slaues from them against equitie and right In this sorte the armie marched on and the Marques returned to the Citie of the Kinges his brother Hernando Pisarro by ordenarie iourneyes came to the citie on an euenyng all his Captaines desired that thei might rest that night belowe in the plaines But Hernando Pisarro would not graunt their request rather he commaunded to pitche his Campe in the Mountaine The next mornyng followyng Rodrigo Orgonios was attendyng his commyng with all his power in battaill araie hauing for Captaines of his horsemen Francisco de Chaues Iuan Tellio and Vincent de Gueuara and on the Mountaine side he had certaine Spaniardes with a greate nomber of Indians to aide them and al the frendes seruitors of the Marques which were in the Citie were apprehended and kept prisoners in two seuerall partes of the Citie who were so many and imprisoned in so narrow a roome that many of them were stifled The next daie following Gonsalo Pisarro and his men hauing made their praiers vnto God descendyng from the Mountaine doune into the plaines where he ordained his Quadrons and marched towarde the Citie with intention to plante hym self vpon a high plot of grounde that standeth nere to the forte of the Citie thinkyng that Don Diego should discrie his mightie power that he would refuse the battaile the whiche was desired for many considerations and specially the greate bloodshed that was like to followe When Gonsalo Pisarro and Alonso de Aluarado sawe the traues that Orgonios set forthe thei brake in vpon the enemies and at the first encounter threwe to the ground aboue fiftie meÌ„ and when Rodrigo Orgonios came to the rescue he was wouÌ„ded with the bullet of a Hargabuze in his forehed which bullet passed through his hedpeece And after that he was wouÌ„ded he slue twoo men and thrust with his lance a seruant of Hernando Pisarro in at his mouthe thinkyng that it had been Pisarro hym self because he was well armed and gallantly attired And wheÌ„ bothe the armies were ioyned the battaile was on bothe sides valliantly fought vntill at length the Marques his side had the better hand and Don Diego his men began to turne their backes and flie in whiche flight a nomber were slaine But when Don Diego who stood on a high place to se the battaile because he was somewhat euill at ease sawe his men flie he saied By our lorde God I had thought that we had come hither to fight Then happened twoo horsmen to haue taken prisoner Rodrigo Orgonios vnto whom came another who had in tyme paste receiued a certaine iniurie at his handeâ— and in reuenge of the same strake of his hedde and in suche sort were vsed other some that had yelded them selues yet Hernando Pisarro could not defende theÌ„ although bothe he and his captaines did what thei might and the cause was that where the souldiars of Alonso de Aluarado had receiued by them the afrent at the bridge of AuaÌ„cay thei now procured to reuenge by al the meanes that might be deuised Yet the reuenge was suche that where captain Ruidiaz caried one behinde hym who had yeelded hym self there came another and slue hym with a Lance. WheÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego saw his armie ouerthrowen he went and lodged himself in the fortres of the Citie where GoÌ„salo Pisarro and Allonso de Aluarado tooke him prisoner The Indians seyng the battaill ended thei left fighting also so that the one and the other of theÌ„ went to strip the ded hodies of the Spaniardes Yea some of them were not fully ded but yet were also stripped naked for by reason of their woundes thei could not defend them selues from those that stripped them naked and there was none to disturbe them for the victors minded no other thing but to follow the victorie Yet bothe conquerers and conquered es +caped suche encounters that it had been a very easie thyng for the Indians to haue consumed them all if thei had been of courage seing the weakenesse that thei were in This battaill was fought the 26. daie of Aprill 1538. What passed after the battaill of Salinas otherwise called Salt pit and how Harnando Pisarro came to Spain Chapt. 12. WHen the battaill was finished Hernando Pisarro tooke greate paines to obtaine the loue and good will of the Capitaines whiche had serued Don Diego and remained aliue And when he sawe that he could not bryng his desire to passe he banished many out of the Citie and seeyng that he had not possibilite to gratifie those that had serued hym For eche of theim did thynke that if all the gouernement had been giuen hym yet the paiment was not sufficient wherevppon he determined to deuide his hoste and to sende his warriers to discouer the Lande whiche he had knowledge of wherein he brought to passe twoo thynges The one to remunerate his freendes and the other to banishe his enemies So that he sent Captaine Pedro de Candia with three hundred of his owne menne whereof parte were of those of Don Diego to take in hande a certaine conquest whiche had fame of greate riches And whereas Pedro de Candia hauyng taken the iourney could not bryng his desire to passe by meane that the waie was so asperous and troâ—blesome he retourned againe toward Collao with a Mutinie kindled emong his menne because one whose name was Mesa who had been Capitaine of the Artâ—llerie of tâ—e Marques had
Iorney Whilest he was executing of Iustice in the Féeld there came aboue 7000. Indians vpon the cittie who put the few Spanyards which had the gard of the cittie in great extremitie amonge whom were Captaines Francisco de Villagran â— and Alonso de Monroy with onely thirtie horsemen who came out of the Cittie into the Féelde where they fought like valyaunt men of War with the Indian Archers from the morninge till the night compelled them to rest of which skirmish they were al both wounded and wearied The Indians also were as glad of the retire through the slaughter and damage which that day they had receaued So that from that day forwarde all the countrey was on an vproare and prepared for the Warres and so continued for the space of eyght yeares all the which time Valdiuia and his men resisted their fury and neuer left the countrey but rather caused his souldiers to plough and sowe the ground and gather the corne to maintayne them without any ayde of the Indian helpe and so continued vntill hee returned to Peru which was at y e time when the lycenciat De la Gasca was preparinge an Armye against Gonsalo Pisarro in all the which warres hee serued as hereafter shalbe declared THE FOVRTH BOOKE treateth of the voyage and discouerye made by Gonsalo Pisarro of the Prouince of Zinamon and of the death of the Lord Marques Pisarro How Gonsalo Pisarro prepared him selfe for the Iorney of Zinamon Chap. 1. AFter that knowledge was had in Peru how within the precincte of the dominion of Quito Eastward was discouered a ritch countrey where abouÌ„dance of Zinamon did grow By reason wherof vulgarly that Countrey or Prouince was called the land of Zinamon Whereupon the Marques determined and also tooke in hand to conquere and inhabite that Countrey so that for the same purpose he chose his brother Gonsalo Pisarro with intent that alwayes from Quito that vyage should be furnished with all necessaries And in accomplishment of his pretended purpose he made assignation of the gouernment of Quito to his sayd brother Gonsalo in hope that the Emperour his Maiestie would confirme the same This don Gonsalo Pisarro tooke his way toward this discouery with a reasonable number of men In the way as he went he was forced often times to fight with the Indians of the Prouince of Guanuco whâ— draue him to such extremitie that he was compelled to write to the Marques for succoure who sent vnto him Francisco de Chaues and after al those broyles were past he came to Quito In this meane while the Marques sente Gomes de Aluarado to conquere and inhabite the Prouince of Guanuco because he was informed how certaine Cascikes had conspired and with a great number of Indians were gone to the siege of the citie of Trugillio who also slew as many Spanyards as they met withall Robbing spoyling likewise the peâ—re Indians which were ComareaÌ„s to the citie and all the spoyle carkases of the dead they offered to an idole which they carryed with them called Caraquilla And in this order proceeded on their iorney vntil Mighel de Lacerna issued out of the Citie with as many Citizens as he could gather together Who ioyning with Francisco de Caues fought with the enemie and obtayned victorie How Gonsalo Pisarro departed from Quito and came to the Countrey of Zinamon what hapned to him on his way Chap. 2. GOnsalo Pisarro hauing prepared all necessaries for his determined vyage hee departed from Quito hauing in his company 200. Spaniards wel trimmed in all poynts of the which number was one hundred horsemen and aboue 4000. Indian frends with 3000. sheepe and hogs After he was passed a towne called Inga he came into the countrey of the people called Quixos which is the farthest Countrey that Inga Guaynacaua conquered toward the North where as those Indians made a countenance of warre But in one night they vanished all away so that one of them coulde not be taken After a while that hee had abode with his Armie in the townes and dwellinges of those Indians refreshing theÌ„ selues there happened a maruailous great Earthquake with rayne and tempest of Lightning and Thunder and the ground oppened in many places and swallowed vp more then 500. houses yea a riuer which was not farre from them did so much increase that it was not possible for them to passe ouer to seeke victuals by mean wherof they were driuen to great penury and hunger After he departed from these Indian dwellings they came to a row of high hilles which of force they should passe The extreme colde on the top of those hilles was exceeding great in such sort that many of their Indian frendes were there frozen to death and because that wil dernesse of mountaines was without any succour of victuals they were compelled to proceede forward till they came to a Prouince called Sumaco which standeth at the foote of a high Volcan and finding there sufficient prouision of victuals the army abode there whilest Gonsalo Pisarro with some of those countreymen entred againe into the mountaines to séeke a conuenyent way for his army to passe and finding none he came to a towne called Coca and from thence he sent for his company which abode at Sumaco and for the space of two moneths that he abode there it neuer ceased rayning neither day nor night yea in all that space there was not so much drye wether that they might drie the wet clothes which they ware on their backes So that in this Prouince of Sumaco and 50. leagues in circuite groweth the Zinamon wherof they had notice which are great trees with leues like vnto Bay trées and the fruite of these trées is like vnto clusters of small fruite which groweth round like an egge and although the fruit leues barke and rootes of those trées haue the sauour odor and substance of Zinamon yet the most profite is where the fruit groweth like vnto a great acorne and although in all this countrey are many of these wilde trées which fructifie and growe without any labor of mans hand The Indians haue of the same kinde many trées in their tillage ground which they trimme and keepe with labor and payne and those trees produce finer Zinamon a great deale which they estéeme in much because they batter with it in other Cornarcan Prouinces for victualles cloth and all other necessaries which are néedefull for their sustenance Of the Countrey and Townes that Gonsalo Pisarro passed vntil hee came to a Land where hee built a Vergantine Chap. 3. WHilest Gonsalo Pisarro abode in Sumaco the greatest number of his men y t were whole and sound of body wente before to discouer the way according as the Indians gaue theÌ„ instructions yea and oftentimes they ledde them out of the way euen as the inhabitants of Sumaco had doone onely for to expell them out of their countrey and their deceite was they taught them a way sayinge
in all his iorney either gold or plate and ceased not till he came out into the Northern sea being 325. leagues distant from the Iland of cubagua This Riuer is called Maranion because the Captaine which discouered this nauigation was called Maranion The beginning or headspring of this Riuer commeth from Peru out of the side of y e mountaines of Quito It runneth by direct course accounting by the rule of altitude of the sun 700. Leagues and with the crookednes and compasse which the same Riuer maketh in many places from his origen vntill it commeth into the mayne Sea containeth .1800 leagues and the mouth of the same riuer is fiftéene leagues brode and further inward it waxeth thrée yea and foure leagues broder When Orellana was commen out of the Riuer of Maranion he tooke his way toward Castile where he enformed his Maiestie of his discouerie and also how he had finished the same at his owne cost and charge And more ouer in his said discouerie was a countrey excéedinge ritche in the which liued none but Wemen which coūtrey cōmonly was called the conquest of the Amazones Beseeching his maiestie to graunt vnto him the gouernment discouery of y e said country the which his request accordingly was graunted vnto him Whervpon he gathered together the number of fiue hundred men among whiche were many Gentlemen and men of greate credit with whom hee tooke shippynge in Sainct Lucar de Barrameda and after he was commen to the Altitude of the Canaria Ilandes the winde was contrarie for his Nauigation and also driuen to want of victuales whervpon the Fleete was seperated one shippe cleane without sight of the other and he himself died on the way in sutche sorte that his companie were scattered amonge the Ilandes Of all the whiche his proceedynges Gonsalo Pisarro made great complaynt principally for so trecherous a parte as was to leaue him in suche necessitie and want of victuall and likewise without any succour or helpe to passe his armie ouer the Riuers And also because hee had deceaued him of a great summe of Golde Plate and Emraldes which was aboorde of his Uergantine with the whiche he had sufficient to finish bothe shippyng and all other furniture necessarie for the discouerie whiche the Emperour had graunted vnto him through his deceitfull practise How Gonsalo Pisarro returned to Quito and of the great paines and miseries which he passed in the returne Chapter 5. WHen Gonsalo Pisarro was come to the place where he commanded Orellana to leaue the Canoas for his commynge for to passe certaine Riuers By meane whereof he was driuen to greate extremitie and forced to make Kaffes and Canoas for that purpose And when he was come to the méeting of the two Riuers where he appoynted Orellana to attende his commyng and finding him not yet there he had vnderstandyng of a Spaniard which Orellana had left on shore behinde him because he stood against his pretended voyage and Orellana also intending to take this new discouery in hand in his owne name not as Liuetenant to Gonsalo Pisarro whervpon he desisted frō thaucthorie receiued of Pisarro compelled his company to elect him for their captain general Now Gonsalo Pisarro beyng left succourlesse voyde of help for his Nauigation the only way to prouide sustenance for his armie yet he found somwhat amonge the Indians for barter of small bels glasses notwithstandyng his gréefe and heauinesse was not small whervpon he determined to returne backe agayne to Quito from whence he had trauailed more then .400 leagues of most euill way among Monntaynes and country vnhabited the which when he had discouered hee wondered at his owne trauayles which he had passed escaped the cruel death of hunger in y e wildernes of Mountaynes wher 40 of his mē ended their daies without any hope of succour but euen as they axed for meate lening to trees they fel downe dead with very hunger But now cōmitting him self to God hée returned by another way leauing y e way y t he came which was not only troublesome to passe but also voyde of al kinde of sustenance so at al aduentures sought another way which was as euill rather worse then the way which they had comen in the which they had much to do to sustaine life although they killed their horses which were left and greyhounds with other sort of dogs to eate the extremitie of hunger was such that a cat or a hen was worth fiftie poyzes which is starling neare twenty pound one of those poysoned foules called Alcatrax was worth ten poyzes In this manner Gonsalo Pisarro continued on his way toward Quito where as longe before hee gaue aduice of his returne wherupon the Cittizens of Quito prouided great aboundance of hogs shéepe came out of the citie to meete him on his way they caryed also with thē some horses apparrel for Gonsalo Pisarro and his Captaines the which succor came vnto him being 50. leagues from Quito who cōming vnto him with such prouisiō God he knoweth how ioyfully it was accepted but chéefely the victuals Gonsalo Pisarro his company were almost naked for longe sithence with the great waters of rayne otherwise their clothes were rottē from their bodies so that now each of them had but only two small Deare skins which couered their fore parts and also their hinder partes some had lefte olde rotten bréeches shooes made of raw deare skins their swords wanted scabards and were spoyled with rust they came all on foote their armes and legs were scratched with shrubs and bryers their iestures séemed like vnto dead men so that scarcely their freends olde acquaintance knew them In which painefull Iorney in more then 200. leagues they could finde no salte which they found to bee a great want vnto them But when they were come into the countrey of Quito and had receaued that freendly succour they fel on their knées and kissed the ground yéeldinge vnto God most humble and harty thankes who had deliuered them from so many perrils and daungers Their excéeding hunger was so great that they began to feede like raueninge woolfes so that it was thought conuenient for their health to taxe their meat with moderate diet vntil by litle and litle their stomackes were comforted and strengthned for disgesture When Gonsalo Pisarro saw that the horses and apparrell which was brought would but only furnish him and his Captaines neither hée nor they would not take any parte thereof nor yet chaunge their olde ragges which they had on their backes to obserue the rule of equitie like good souldiers so that in this forme and attire hée with his company entred into the city of Quito in a morninge and wente directly to the Temple to render vnto God most humble laude and praise who of his infinite goodnes had deliuered them out of so manye perrils and daungers and after their prayses giuen eache
Chāber his brother Francisco Martin helping to arme him with two Gentlemen and two Pages the one was called Iuan de Vargas who was sonne to Gomes de Tardoya and the other was named Escandon who séeing the enemie so nigh that they had not tyme to arme theyr Maister the Marquesse tooke his sworde and Target which is a shéelde of leather in hande and came to his Chamber doore where he and his folke valiauntly defended them selues a good space and fought so manfully that the enimies coulde not enter saying with a lowde voice Oh brother vpon them vpon them let them dye like Traytors as they are But the men of Chili fought so long that they slew Francisco Martin in whose place entred one of the Pages The Chili men séeing them defend them selues so long fearing that succour might come and assault them on theyr backes they determyned to put the matter in hazarde so that they tooke one of theyr owne company and thrust him in at the doore with force of hande being well armed and whylst the Marquesse was occupied in killing of him the residue had tyme to enter the Chamber doore and they all with one accord stroke at the Marquesse who fought so long with them that with verie wearinesse his sworde fell out of his hands and then they slew him with a pricke of a Rapyer through his throte and when he was fallen to the ground and his winde fayling him he cryed vnto God for mercie and when he had so done he made a crosse on the ground and kissed it and then incontinent yéelded vp the Ghost and when he was fully dead they slew also his two Pages And on the Chili side were foure slaine and diuers others wounded When this sorrowfull newes was knowne in the Cittie there came aboue two hundred men to ayde Don Deigo de Almagro for though they were armed and in a readinesse yet they durst not come abroade tyll they perfectly knew how the matter would passe But now they ran vp and downe the Cittie taking the Armor from such as were comming to succour the Marquesse When the murderers came out of the Marquesse house with theyr blooddye swordes in theyr handes they foorthwith caused Don Diego to mount vpon his Horse and to passe through the chéefest stréetes of the Cittie saying that in all Peru there was no other Gouernour but onely he nor yet any King aboue him And when this was done he sackt the Marquesse house and also the houses of his Brother his Secretarie And then he compelled the Councell State of the Cittie to receyue Don Diego for theyr gouernour vnder y e collour of the Capitulation which was tofore made with his Maiestie at the beginning of y e discouerie which in effect was That Don Diego de Almagro should haue the gouernment of newe Toledo and after his decease his sonne or whome he should appoint to enioy the same When all this dilligence was done they commaunded to be slaine certayne Uassailes which were knowne to be seruaunts and fréends to the Marquesse It was a sorrowfull spectacle to behold and heare the Wiues of dead men what dolefull cries they made yea the lamentable words that they spake The corpes of the Lord Marquesse certaine Negros drew a long the stréetes toward the Church none durst burie him vntyll Iuan de Barbaran Cittizen of Trugillio who somtyme had béen seruaunt to the Marquesse he and his Wife buried bothe the Marquesse and his Brother aswell as they might hauing first obteined licence for that fact of Don Diego they made all the haste possible to burie him and yet they had not leysure to attyre him according to the vsuall ceremony of Knights of the order of S. Iames because they were aduised how the men of Chili were comming to cutte off the Marquesse head for to put it on the Picot which is a Gallowes after their vse In this forme Iuan de Barbaran buried his Lord and Maister and after the buriall he caused the Funerall pompe to be solemnized according as he was able at his owne cost After all this good wyll and dilligence was shewed he went to séeke his Chyldren which went wandring astray to procure theyr securitie The Chili men were now Lordes and Rulers in the Cittie By this successe we may learne and sée the worldly thinges and the varietie of Fortune that in so short a tyme a Gentleman who had discouered conquered and gouerned so great Countries so many Kingdomes such innumerable sums of Treasure who had giuen so great rentes and liuings in respect of time the greatest Prince in the world had not done the lyke And now to be suddenly slaine by the handes of onely twelue men at noone tyme being in a Cittie where all the Cittizens wer◠eyther his seruants Kinsemen or Soldiours vnto whome generally he had giuen sufficient liuing and none among them would come to succour him nay rather they fled away euen the Seruaunts of his owne house his noble corps so vily buried And all the infinite Treasure which he possessed consumed in a moment not hauing so much left to burie him according to the degrée and state of his person and all these thinges to happen vnto him after he had thereof sufficient warning by sundrie men as héere before hath bene declared This hath happened the. xxvi day of Iune .1541 Of the customes and qualities of the Marquesse Don Francisco Pisarro and the Discouerer Don Diego de Almagro Chap. 9. SIthens this Historie and Discouery of the Prouince of Peru hath origen from the two valiant Captaines of whome hyther vnto we haue spoken Who are y e Marquesse Don Francisco Pisarro and Don Diego de Almagro It is méete and conuenient to write theyr customes and qualities comparing them together as Plutarchus vseth when he writeth of two Captains which are in any respect comparable one to the other and touching the lynage of these our Captaines at the beginning of this Historie is written asmuch as could be knowen But in the residue they were bothe valiaunt persons of great courrage they were also great sufferers of paynes trauails and verie vertuous they were fréends to doo plesure to al men at theyr owne cost They were much lyke of inclynation especially in the state of lyuing for neyther of them was married although the youngest of them bothe at the tyme of theyr death was aboue thrée score and fiu◠yéeres of age They were bothe enclined to affayres of Warres although Don Diego de Almagro when occasion of Warres wanted applied him selfe to thinges of gaynes they were néere of one age when they tooke the conquest of Peru in hande in which Discouerie and conquest they tooke the paynes which hath bene declared although the Marquesse dyd suffer greater trauaile and passed greater peryls then Don Diego For whylst the one was occupied in the greatest part of the Discouerie the other abode in Panama prouiding necessaries Furniture