spyces which growe in the Region of Calicut Of the byrdes and beastes which are found in the Region of Calicut and of the wyne of the trâ—e From whence all kyndes of spyces are brought to â—he cytie of Calicut Of the Iland of zaylon of the cinomome tree Of the cytie of Tarnasseri and of the maners of the cytezyns Of the excellent cytie and Kingdom of Pego. Of the Ilande of Sumatra or Taprobana Of the Ilande of Bornei Of the Ilande of Giaua Howe the Spanyardes abused the submission â—rendship of the inhabitauntes of the Ilandes Howe the Portugales soughte newe Ilandes in the East partes and howe they came to Calicut Howe Magellanus by a strayght or narow arme of the Sea sayled by the Weste into the Easte to dyâ—ers Ilandes where also he was slayne Howe the Spanyardes came to the Ilandes of Molucca of the people with great hanging eares The third nauigacioÌ„ of Christophorus ColuÌ„bus How Pinzonus coÌ„panion to the Admiral sought newe Ilandes The foure nauigacions of Americus Uesputius to the newe Ilandes The fyrste viage of Uesputius The second viage of Uesputius The thyrde viage of Uesputius The fourth viage of Uesputius Howe the Kyng of Portugale subdued certayâ—â—â—laces in India and of the ryche cytie of Malacha Of the Ilande of Medera and the fortunate Iâ—â—â—â—es otherwyse called the Ilandes of Canaria ¶ Finis ¶ Of the newe India as it is knoweÌ„ found in these our dayes In the yeare of oure Lorde M.D.LIII. After the descripcioÌ„ of Sebastian Munster in his Booke of the vniuersall Cosmographie Libr. v. De terris Asiae Maioris And translated into Englishe by Richard Eden THere are two viages or nauigacions made oute of Europa into India The one southeast froÌ„ spayne by the coastes of Aphrica and Ethiopia euen vnto Arabia to the citie called Aden And froÌ„ thence to the Ilande of Ormus and froÌ„ Ormus to the citie of Cambaia and from thence euen vnto the citie of Calicut Cambaia is situate nere vnto the floudde Indus This citie is of great powre riche and abundauâ—t in al kyndes of grayne corne The soyle hereof bringeth forth sondry kyndes of swete oyntmentes and cotten which groweth on certain trees called Gossampini this cotton is otherwyse called Bombage or sylke of the trees The Kynge of Portugall subdued this cytie and bylded hard by thesame a stroÌ„g fortresse with which thing the Turke bâ—eing sore greued commaunded a greate nauie of shippes with greate sumptuousnes to bee furnisshed in the goulfe called Sinus Arabicus to the ende that he might dryue the Portugalles out of India and the better to accomplishe this his purpose he appointed one Soliman a noble man of warre beyng also the Captayne of Alcayre to be the admiral general or gouernour of his nauie hauing in his retenue .xx. thousand souldiers beesyde mariners gonners whiche were in numbre foure thousand This nauie was appointed in the hauen Suezio beeinge a port of the redde sea in the yeare of Christ .1538 And arryued fyrste at the citie Aden where laying anker the gouernour of the nauie sent letters to the king of Aden certifying him that he woulde take his viage into India from thence to expell the King of Portugall The Kinge of Aden whiche was theÌ„ tributarye to the King of Portugall receyued the Turkes letters thankefully offering him selfe all that he might make to so mightie an Emperoure desyringe the gouernoure to come forth of the ship and to beholde the cytie obedient and readye at his coÌ„maundemente in the which also accordinge vnto his dignitie office he should be worthely interteyned but the gouernour agayne allured and entysed hym to come out of his citie and so by crafte circumuented him that he toke him priesoner and coÌ„mauÌ„ded him to be hanged on the sayle yarde of the shyp with hym foure other of the rulers of the citie of Aden affyrming that he was coÌ„maunded of the Turke so to handel them because the cytiezins of Aden had not only made a leage with the Portugales but had also payde theÌ„ tribute whiche nacion the Turke playnely entended to drieue out of India And thus after the Kynges death that most riche and beautiful cytie was â—uer a praye to theues spoylers and murtherers without resystaunce Then the gouernoure departing froÌ„ thence lefte there behynde him a garrison of two thousand men of warre and saylyng forwarde on hys viage he came to the citie called Dium whiche the Portugales held his armie was greatly encreased by the waye as wel by laÌ„d as by sea by reason of the great confluence of the Turkes which on euery side resorted to him so that in a short space they rowled before theÌ„ a bulwarke or couÌ„tremure of earth in manâ—r as bigge as a mountayne which by little and litle they moued neare vnto the trenche or ditche of the castell so that they might safely stand behynde the bulwarke thus raysing a mount they besieged the castell on euery syde battered the walles towres thereof very sore yet that notwithstanding were at the length enforsed to departe not withoute great losse and slaughter of theyr souldiers for this Dium is the sâ—rongest citie that is vnder the dominion of Cambaia but the cytie of Cambaia is situate in the goulfe called Guzerat and is well inhabited and in maner most excelleÌ„t of all the cities of India and is therefore called Cayrus or Alcayâ— or Babilon of India It is enuiroÌ„ned with a walle hath in it very fayre byldinges y e Soldan or chefe ruler hereof is of Mahumets secte as are y e Turkes Lacha groweth there more pleÌ„tifully theÌ„ in any other couÌ„tre The inhabitauÌ„tes for the most parte goe naked couering only theyr priuie partes they bynd theyr heades about with a clothe of purple color The SoldaÌ„ or prince of this citie hath in a redines for the warres .xx. thousand horsemen he hath also a mightye and magniâ—ical court WheÌ„ he waketh in y e morning there is heard a great noyse of cimbals druÌ„slades timbrelles shames pipes flutes truÌ„pettes and diuerse other musical inâ—â—rumentes hereby signifying that the king lyueth is in health and merye in lyke maner doe they whyle he is at dyner To the kyngdom of Cambaia is the Kingdom of Ioga nexte adioyniâ—g which reacheth farre on euerye syde In this kingdoÌ„ by reason of the greate heate of the sonne the bodyes of meÌ„ begin to waxe blacke and to be scorched the people of thys countreye haue ringes hanging at their eares and colers aboute theyr neckes of sundry sortes albeset and shyninge with precious stones The soyle hereof is not very â—ruitful this region is rough with mountaynes the byldinge are despicable and â—uyl to dwel in there is beyonde this an other KingdoÌ„ called Dechan this cytie is very beautiful to behold fruitful in maner of al thinges the king hereof vseth great pride and solemnitie
to know good from euil more redy to recoÌ„peÌ„ce benefites theÌ„ reueÌ„ge iniuries which excelleÌ„t properties are not to be found in other brute beastes Therfore wheÌ„ the Elephantes go forward to y e warres seueÌ„ armed meÌ„ are appoynted to be caried vpon one Elephant bearing with theÌ„ bowes iauelins sweordes and targettes also the loÌ„ge snout of the ElephaÌ„t which thei cal his haÌ„d is armed with a sweorde of two cubites in length and in bredth thickenes a handfull standinge righte forth tyed faste to the snowte of the beast thus beeing furnished they procede to the battaile and whereas occasioÌ„ requyreth to go forward or backwarde the ruler of the beast geueth him warninge whose voyce he vnderstandeth oâ—eyeth stryke hym sayth the ruler forbeare hym be fearse agaynst these abstayne froÌ„ these the beaste obeyeth hym in all thinges as though he had humayn reason but yf it so chaunce that being made afrayd with fire which thinge they feare aboue all other they beginne to flye thâ—y can by no meanes bee allured to stoppe theyr course or retourne agayne for the people of that nacioÌ„ can with many subtyl deuises as ofteÌ„ as theÌ„ listeth raise vp fires to make those beastes afrayde There be some men which thincke that Elephantes haue no ioyntes in theyr legges which opinion other affirme to be vntrue for they haue ioyntes as haue other beastes but that they are very low almost at their fete The females are of greater fiercenesse then the males and of much greater streÌ„gth to beare burdeÌ„s they are sometime taken with madnes declaring the same by theyr furious running An ElephaÌ„t excedeth in greatnes thre wilde oxen called Bubali and is much lyke of heare and eyed lyke a swine hauing a long snout haÌ„ging downward with the which he putteth into his mouth whatsoeuer he eateth or drinketh for his mouth is vnder his throte not muche vnlyke the mouth of a swyne his snowte hath holes in it and is holowe within with this they ouerthrow y e stuÌ„pes of trees that of suche bignes that the forse of .xxiiij. men is not able to do the same The two great tuskes which they haue coÌ„ming farre â—ute of theyr mouth or placed in the vpper iawe hauinge on euerye syde lappes hanging downe of the bignes of two hand breath Theyr fete are rouÌ„d like vnto a flat trene dishe hauing fyue toes like hoeues vndeuided of the bignes of great oyster-shelles Theyr tayles are lyke vnto the tayles of wilde oxen thre handful in leÌ„gth hauing but few heares The males are hygher then the females They are of sundry bignes some are of xiijâ— haÌ„dfulles hye some of .xiiij. and some .xvi. Their pase in goyng is somewhat slowe and walowinge by reason whereof some whiche ryde on them and haue not been accustomed therto are prouoked to vomitte euen as they were tossed on the sea Yet it is great plesure to ride on the yong ElephaÌ„tes for they goe as softely as ambeling moiles When you attempt to geat vp to ryde on theÌ„ they bow downe toward you as though they would â—ase you with a sterope that you may the easelier geat vp which neuertheles cannot wel be done with out helpe They are all vnbrideled hauinge neither withe nor coller aboute theyr neckes but goe with theyr heades altogether lose And because they are not couered with bristels or bigge heares they haue not so muche as in theyr tayle anye helpe to dryue awaye flyes For euen this greate beaste also sayeth Plinie is troubled with this lyttle vermyne Theyr skinne is verye rowghe and full of chappes and riftes like the barke of a tree being somwhat filthye and full of swette whiche by heate resolued into vapoure by sauour draweth flyes vnto it therefore when any flyes or other creping vermeÌ„ are entered into the sayde riftes of theyr skinnes sodeynly bending and drawing together their skinne they hold them fast and kyl them and this is to theÌ„ in the stede of a tayle a mane or rough and bristeled heare ¶ Of the beaste called Rhinoceros Rhinoceros is comonly found in the same countrey where Elephantes are engendred and is borne an enemy to the ElephaÌ„t as saith Plinie no lesse seking his destruction then doth the dragon wherfore the Romaynes considering the natures of these beastes were wont to put theÌ„ together vpon the theater or stage for a spectable therby to declare the natures of enemies This Rhinoceros hath two hornes whereof the one is of notable bignes growing oute of his nosethrilles and is of flatte forme and as harde as Iron The other groweth aboue in his necke and is but a little one but wonderful strong when this beast attempteth to inuade the Elephant he fyleth whetteth his horne on a stone and stryke that the belly of the Elephant which place he knoweth to be most open to his stripes and easyest to receaue hurt because of the softenes thereof which he cutteth with his horne as with a sweord Some auctours write that Rhinoceros is vnequall in bignes to the Elephante but â—ulius Solinus saith that he is as loÌ„g as the Elephante but hath â—horter legges wheÌ„ Rhinoceros therfore the Elephant ioyne together in fighte they vse theyr naturall weapons the Rhinoceros his horne and the Elephante his tuskes wherewith he so violentlye beateth and teareth the â—kinne of Rhinoceros being as harde as horne or shell scarcelye able to be pearsed with a dart that he neuertheles enforseth him to fall downe Rhinoceros agayne on the other partie so woundeth the belye of the Elephante with the horne of hys nosethrilles yf he doe not preuente hys strokes y t he fainteth with bleding In the yere of Christ .1513 the first day of Maye was broughte oute of India to Emanuel the king of Portugale RhinoceroS alyue of the coloure of boxe somwhat variable and as it wer chekered couered with shelles lyke scales or rather lyke shieldes This beast was in bignes equall to an ElephaÌ„t but had shorter legges and was armed on euery parte He had a stronge sharpe horne in his nosethrilles the whiche as I haue sayde he fyleth when he prepareth him to fight All this great hatered betwene these two beastes is for y e best pastures which one striueth to take froÌ„ the other as some wryters saye In the yeare of Christe .1515 King Emanuel set forth a spectacle in the citie of Lisbona in which was a combat betwene the Elephant and Rhinoceros A sight doubtlesse worthy great admiracioÌ„ But in this fight the Elephant had the ouerthrowe ¶ Of Calicut the most famous market towne of India THe cytie of Calicut is in the continente or mayne lande And the houses therof adioyning to the sea It is not walled about but conteyneth in circuite .vi. thousaÌ„d houses not adhereÌ„t together as the maner of bylding is with vs but one being distant froÌ„ another a further space It is
all the yere after The women kepe the meÌ„ children with them vntyll they bee xv yeares of age then send them to theyr fathers The women haue nought els to do but to take charge of their children and to gather certayne fruites But the men labour and haue care how they may fynde theyr wyfe and chyldren They are exercysed in fyshing and sell fyshes both newe taken and olde dryed to marchaunte straungers whereby they receaue great commoditios ¶ Of the greate Empyre of Cathay being vnder the dominioÌ„ of the great Cham whiche some call the great Can Emperoure of Tartaria in olde tyme called Scythia THe superiour or high India whiche is nowe called Cathay is a region excedinge large and of greate power whose Emperour is y e great Cham of Tartaria hauinge vnder him many Prouinces people and Princes and innumerable IlaÌ„des in the great East sea called the greate Ocean He hath vnder his dominion great famous cities as are these Cambalu Quenquinafu Miâ—n Cacausu Canglu Tâ—dinfu Tingui and dyuers other AmoÌ„g the people of this countrey one maÌ„ hath manye wyues whiche declare theyr loue to their husbandes after this sort WheÌ„ the husband is dead euery one of his wiues pleade their cause before a iudge to proue which of them was most louing to her husband beste beloued of him so y t she which by the sentence of the iudges is found to haue been most faythful and diligeÌ„te decketh herselfe moste gorgiously in all her sumptuous araye procedeth like a Virago stoutly cherefully to the fire where the corps of her husbande was burnte castinge her selfe into the same fyre embrasing and kissing the dead bodi of her husband vntyll she also be coÌ„sumed by the fyre whiche she reputeth for an honourable sepulture whereas his other wyues are estemed to lyue in shame and infamie They ioyne in mariage neyther in respect of riches or nobilite but onlye for loue beautie rather for y e encrease of posteritie then for pleaâ—ure There is also another strauÌ„ge custome amoÌ„g these Indians y t is that wheras the poorer sort are not able to geue any dowry with theyr doughters to mariage they bringe theÌ„ forth eueÌ„ in y e floure of their age to y e market place with truÌ„pettes such other instrumeÌ„tes as they vse in the warres Where the multitude beynge called together the maydes fyrste of all discouere theyr backe partes euen vp to the shoulders afterward theyr forepartes in lyke maners And vpon this declaring their pouertie nakednes are maried to such as lyke theÌ„ best This people of Cathay are of the nacion of theÌ„ which in tyme past were called Scythians a kind of men as saith Haitho of subtill wyt affyrming that onely they see with two eies that all other men besyde them are blind of the one eye Theyr quickenes of witte is great but their boasting is more The hole nacioÌ„ is perswaded that they greatly excel all other meÌ„ in subteltie of wit and knowledge The inhabitantes are whyte men with small eyes withoute beardes vtterly voyde of all godly knowledge For some of them pray to the sunne some to the mone some to Images some to an oxe and some to other monsters of theyr phantasticall supersticion They haue no law written and are of no faith And albeit that in workemaÌ„ship and artes they are marueylous wyttie yet haue they no knowledge of dyuine or godly thinges It is a timorous kynde of men and greatly fearinge death And are therefore in theyr warres more politike then valient In the warres they vse arrowes certayne other kyndes of weapons vnknoweÌ„ to men of other couÌ„treis The monie which they vse is made of a certayne paper beeinge foure square with y e Kinges ymage printed theron Theyr housholde stuffe is of golde syluer other metals they haue greate scarcenes of oyle The great Emperour of Cathay keepeth his courte in the riche mightie cytie called Cambalu being the chefest citie of all the Empyre of such greatnesse that it conteyneth in circuite sixe lâ—ages This citie is foure square so that euery quadrature or syde of the wall hath in it thre principal portes or gates Also in all the corners of the walles are veri faire palaces in which the artillery or armure of the cytie is reserued The stretes are made very streyght and right forth so that froÌ„ any one gate to the other beinge directly ouer against the same a man may se plainly through the cytie hauing y e houses on euery syde lyke palaces placed in goodly ordre most beautifull to behold Without the cytie there are twelue great suburbes adhereÌ„t to the .xii. gates of y e cytie whether the marchauÌ„tes straungers haue their coÌ„tinual recourse as to y e burse or strete It can not be spoken what great abundaunce of marchaundise and riches is brought to his citie a man wold thinke that it were sufficient to serue all the worlde Precious stones pearles silke and spices of dyuers kindes are brought thether from India and Mangi other regions There passeth not a daye in the yeare in which there are not about a thousand waynes ladeÌ„ with silke which are brought to this citie by straunge marchauntes What greate pompe glory forniture of all thinges is obserued in the Emperours courte it can not be spokeÌ„ He hath in his courte twelue thousand horsemen whiche haue the custodie of his body distribute their waytinge dayes after this order y t whereas one of y e captaynes of this garisoÌ„ with his thre thousand souldiers hath wayted vpoÌ„ the kinges personne three dayes another captayne in lyke order wyth as manye menne succedeth in hys rowme for other three dayes and lykewyse an other after hym executethe the same offyce When the Emperoure maketh anye bankette it cannot be said what great pompe is obserued He hath sytting at his lefte hand his chefest quene whoÌ„ he most estemeth and at his right haÌ„d hys sonnes aâ—d suche as are of the kinges bloud but thei syt somwhat lower further of The other noble men which wayte not sytte in a place yet somewhat lower All such as in the court syt at meat vse none other drinking cuppes then of gold The Princes whiche wayte on the Emperoure at hys meate haue all theyr mouthes couered with fyne silken clothes least in any case they should blow or breath on the kinges meate or drinke And wheÌ„ the Emperour lifteth vp his cup to drinke al the musicions and minstrels that stand about him playe on theyr instrumeÌ„tes while in the meane time all suche as wayte on hym stoupe downe make lowe curtesie How great honoure is exhibited to this Emperour ' howe many precious and riche presentes are offred vnto him by his Princes Dukes Leaue tenauntes and presydentes of prouinces and rulers of cities no man is
Indian sea This Melcha is situate more toward the West and Calicut more enclininge towarde the south Vesputius came fyrst to y â— grene IlaÌ„des called Insulae uerides and sayled from them to Serraliona beynge in the Southe partes of Ethiopia from whence saylinge on yet further he sawe in the middest of the sea an Iland high and merueylous where also the M. Pilate of this nauie lost his shippe by running vpon a rocke but all the mariners escaped This shippe was of thre hundreth tunne and had in it al the power of the nauie When Vesputius had entered into the Iland he found it rude and vnhabited yet was it full of byrdes but had no beastes except Lisertes with forked tayles and Sâ—rpeÌ„tes Thus makinge prouision for necessaries he was enforced to returne to portugale failing of his purpose ¶ How the king of Portugale subdued certayn places in India and of the ryche Cytie of Malacha FOrasmuche as therefore in the yeares folowinge there weâ—e more often nauigacions made from the West by the south into the East and the Portugales had now fouÌ„de a safe passage by y e sea they thought it expedient for theyr better safetie to make certaine fortificacions and places of refuge in the Easte The which theyr intent the better to accomplishe King Emanuel appoynted one Alphonsus an experâ—e man on the sea to be captayne of this viage Who desyring to reuenge the losses and iniuries which the Portugales had before sustained sayled directly to Aurea Chersonesus now called Malacha a merueylous great and riche citie whose king is an infydel of the secte of the Moores for euen thus farre was the secte of Mahumet extended Alphonsus therfore at his coming thether besieged the cytie made warre agaynst the Saracens whiche helde the same In this conflict a greate noumber of theyr enemies beynge slayne the Portugales â—ntred into the citie by forse and kept the â—amâ— permitting free libertie to theyr souldiers to spoyle kyll and burne The king himselfe fyghting vpon an Elephante and beyng sore wounded fledde with the resydue of his companye A greate numbre of the Moores were slaine with the losse of a fewe Portugales manye were taken and great spoyle caried awaye in the whiche were seuen Elephantes and all kyndes of ordinaunces perteyning to the warres made of copper to the noumbre of two thousande pieces The cytye beynge thus taken and sacked and the enemyes drieuen to flyghte Alphonsus the Capitayne the better to prouyde for the sauegarde of the Christians buylded a stronge forte at the mouth or entraunce of the riuer which runneth through y e citie At this time that is to witte in the yeare of Christ. M. ccccc.xij there were in Malacha many strauÌ„gers and marchauntes of dyuerse nacions whereby the cytie was replenished with great ryches and abundaunce of spyces They of theyr owne mocion desyred to make a leage with Alphonsus and were of him gently receaued So that for theyr better safetie he permitted them to â—well in the houses neare about the forte And by this meanes this markette towne was reâ—dified and broughte to muche better state then euer it was before These thiÌ„ges thus happely atchiued al thinges in Malacha set in good order Alphonsus leauing in the forte a garrison of .vi. hundreth valiante souldiours returned into India where he besieged the chiefe castell of the cytie of Goa which he a fewe yeares beefore hadde with no smal daunger of our men and great slaughter of their enemies subdued the dominion of Emanuel kynge of Portugale was nowe possessed of the mores he maÌ„fully recouered agayne and enforsed them to render vp the same Also the ambassadours of the Kinge of Narsinga the Kinge of Cambaia and the King of Grosapha with the legates of dyuers other kinges and Princes offered them selues to be at a leage wyth Alphonsus thereupon broughte theyr presentes vnto hym No lesse powre and dominion obtayned the king of Spayne in the Ilandes of the Weste partes In so muche that at his commaundement were buylded sixe townes in the Ilandes of Cuba Lykewyse in the Ilande of Iucatana was buylded a greate cytie wyth fayre houses The Ilande of Cozumella the Spanyardes called Sancta Crux beecause they came fyrste thether in Maye on the daye of the Inuencion of the Crosse. In the Ilande of Hispana or Hispaniola were erected .28 suger presses to presse y e sugre whiche groweth plentifully in certaine canes or redes of the same couÌ„trey FroÌ„ hence also is brought the wood of Guaiacum otherwyse called Lignum sanctum wherewith dyuerse diseases are healed by the order of the newe dyete ¶ Of the Iland of Medera and the fortunate IlaÌ„des otherwyse called the Ilandes of Canaria BEtwene Spaine the IlaÌ„des of Canaria is the Ilande of Medera which the Spaniardes in our time founde vnhabited and saluage But perceauinge that the soyle thereof was very fruitefull they burnt the woodes and made the ground apt to bringe foorth corne and buylded many houses and so tilled the same that at this day is no where founde a more fruiteful lande It hath in it many springes of fresshe water and goodly ryuers vpon the which are bylded manye sawe mylles wherewith manye fayre trees lyke vnto Ceder Cypresse trees are sawed and cut in sunder wherof are made most fayre tables coberdes cofers and chayres and such other curious workes made of wood These trees are of redde colour swete sauour the bodies and braunches whereof are broughte into Spayne in great plentie The Kynge of Portugale thought it good to plante in this Iland that kynde of redes in which suger groweth wherin he was not deceaued in his opinion For they growe there moste fruitefully and beare suger which excelleth the sugre of Candye or Sicilia There were also vynes broughte out of Candye and planted in this Ilande where they prosper so wel that for y e moste part they bring forth more grapes then leaues and those very great In this Iland is also great plentie of Partriches wyld doues Peacockes wild bores diuers kindes of other beastes which onely possessed the Iland before men dyd inhabite the same Also the Ilandes called Insulae fortunatae whiche are nowe called Canaria for the multitude of dogges which are in them are sayd to be no lesse fruytefull These Ilandes are tenne in noumbre of the which seueÌ„ are inhabited thre remaine desolate They which are inhabited are called by these names Fracta laucea Magna sors Grancanaria Teneriffa Ginera Palma and Ferrum At Columbus first comming thether the inhabitantes went naked without shame religioÌ„ or knowledge of God But in successe of time foure of the greatest IlaÌ„des embrased the Christian faith They haue eche of them a priuate language Teneriffa and â—rancanaria are bigger then the other Teneriffa maye be
his pompes triumphes are in maner incredible they that wayt vpon the kinge weare on the vpper partes of theyr shoes certayne shyning precious stones as Piroâ—i whiche are a kind of Rubies or CarbuÌ„cles with DiamaÌ„des such other But what maner of Iewelles they vse in y e stede of collers eareringes and ringes you may well consyder wheras they geue suche honour to theyr fâ—te In this kingdom is said to be a mountayne out of the which Diamandes are digged ¶ Of the Diamande stone called in Latine Adamas THe Diamande is engendred in the mynes of India Ethiopia Arabia Macedonia and Cyprus and in the golde mynes of the same countries That of India excelleth all other in beautie and clearenes that which is of the coloure of yron is called Siderites it is ofteÌ„tymes found in colour like vnto cristal though it be sometimes lyke therto in whytnes yet doth it differ from cristall in hardnes in so much that if it be layd vpoÌ„ an anuil and strongly strikeÌ„ with a hammer the anuyl and hammer shal soner be wounded and leape away then the stone perished or diminished it doth not onelye refuse the forse of Iron but also resisteth the power of fyre whose heate is so farre vnable to melte it that it can not so muche as heate it if we geue credit to Plinie and is also rather made purer therby then anye wayes defyled or corrupted neuertheles the singuler and excellent hardnes of this stone is made so softe with y e hoate bloud of a Goate or a Lyon that it maye be broken and if it be put with molteÌ„ lead in hoate fornaces it waxeth so hoate that it wylbe dissolued yet are not aâ—l DiamaÌ„des of such hardnesse for that of Cyprus and also that of the coloure of Iron called â—iderites may be broken with hammers and perced with another Diamand his vertue is to be bewray poisons and to frustrate thopperacion therof and beeing therefore greatly estemed of Kinges and Princes it hath euer been of gâ—eat price The mountaine of India out of the which the Diamandes are digged is compassed with a walle on euery syde kepte with a strong defence ¶ Of the kingdoms cities of Narsinga and Canonor THe king of Narsinga in riches and dominion excelleth all other Kinges in those partes The chiefe cytie where the King is resident is in situaâ—ion and fynenes much lyke vnto the cytie of Milayne but that it sâ—andeth in a place somewhat declyning and lesse equall This king hath euer in a redâ—nes manye thousandes of men of armes as one that is euer at warre with other countreys borderers nere aboute him He is geuen to most vile Idolatrie and honoureth the deuyll euen as doth the king of Calicut The maners and fashions of the inhabitaÌ„tes are after this sorte The gentlemen or such as are of greatest reuenewes vse to weare an inward cote or peticote not very long hauing theyr heades bounde aboute with listes rowles of sundry coloures after the maner of the Turkes The coÌ„mon people couer onli their priuie parts and are besyde all together naked The Kynge weareth on his head a stately cap made of the riche cloth of Asia beyng two haÌ„dfulles in length WheÌ„ he goeth to y e warres he weareth a vesture of y e silke called Gossâ—mpine which he couereth with a cloke adorned w t plates of gold y e hemme or edge of his cloke is beset with all maner of ouches Iewelles Hys horse is iudged to be of such valure if you respect y e price as is one of our cities And this is by the meanes of y e innumerable multitude sundrie kindes of precious sâ—ones perles where with y e â—rappers barbes other furnitures of his horse are couered w t an incredible poÌ„pe glori The soyle of Narsinga beareth nether wheate nor grapes and â—s in maner without al kinde of fruites except â—itrons and gourdes the inhabitantes eate no bread but ryce fishe and fleshe and also walnuttes which that countrey beareth there begin spyces to be found as ginger pepper mirabolanes Cardamome Cassia and dyuers other kyndes of spyces Cananor is a very excellente cytie fayre and beautifull in all thinges sauing that the Kinge thereof is an Idolater This citie hath a hauen whether the horses of Persia are brought but theyr tribute or custome is excedinge great the inhabitantes lyue with ryce flesshe and fyshe as do they of Narsinga in the warres they vse the sweorde the round target speares and bowes haue nowe also the vse of gonnes they are all naked sauing their prieuie partes and go beare headed except when they goe to the warres for then they couer theyr heades with a redde hatte which thei folde double and bind it fast with a lyst or bande In the warres they vse neither horse mule or asse nether that kynde of camels which we coÌ„monly call dromedaries but vse onely ElephaÌ„tes There is also in the kingdoÌ„ of Narsinga another godly citie called Bisinagar it is coÌ„passed aboute with a walle situate on the side of a hyll beeyng .viij. myles in circuite hauinge also in it a famous market place The soyle is very fruitful there are all delicate thinges to be fouÌ„d that may encrease the pleasures of this lyfe There maye no where be fouÌ„d more pleasauÌ„t feldes and woddes for hauking huÌ„tinge a man woulde thinke it were a very Paradyse of pleasure The king of this citie is of great power he keepeth dayly many thousandes of meÌ„ at armes vsinge Elephantes in the stede of horses And hath euer foure hundreth Elephantes prepared for the warres ¶ How the Elephantes in India are prepared to warre THe ElephaÌ„t is a beast very docible and apte to be taught and little inferiour from humaine sense excellinge all other beastes in fortitude and strength Therfore y e Indians when they prepare them to the warres put great packsaddels vpon theÌ„ which they bind fast with two chaines of Iron coÌ„ming vnder theyr belyes UpoÌ„ the packsaddels they haue on euery side a litle house or towre or cage if you list so to cal it made of wood These towres ar made fast to the necke of the beaste with certayne sawed bordes of the thickenes of halfe a hande breadth Euery towre receyueth thre men And betwene both the towresâ— vpoÌ„ the back of the beast sytteth an Indian a man of that countrey which speaketh vnto the beaste For this beast hath marueylous vnderstanding of the language of hys natyue countrey doth wonderfulli beare in memorie benefytes shewed vnto him It is also moste certayne that none other beast draweth so nere to the excellence of humayne sense or reason as doeth this beast as maye most playnly appeare yf we coÌ„sidre how he is geueÌ„ to loue glory to a certeyn frendly gentlenes honest maners ioyned with a marueylous discrecion
so much that when the nut is full growen the lyquoure fyllethe the inne warde partes of of the same And thys liquoure or wyne is most cleare not muche vnlyke vnto rosewater Of which neuertheles is made a very fatte oile They cut also the trunke or stocke of the tree in y e morning euening by whiche meanes they gather a most excellent liquour which they seeth on the fyre and make thereof so merueylous a drinke that if a maÌ„ drinke therof beyond measure he is drieuen into furie madnes This liquour is vsed there in the stede of wyne But let vs nowe returne to the beastes which are fouÌ„d in Calicut Serpentes growe there vnto such houdge greatnesse that they are in maner as bigge as swyne They haue heades much larger theÌ„ bores heades Thei are foure foted foure cubites in length engendered coÌ„uersaunte in fennie and marrishe groundes The men of that couÌ„trei saye that these beastes are without poyson There are also found other kyndes of serpentes of the whiche one kynde hath so mortall venime that yf they drawe neuer so lyttle blud it causeth preseÌ„t death There are other serpentes which in quaÌ„tite represent the serpent called Aspis Again othersome are much higher of whiche there are greate plentie The men of the countrey thinke y t they are spirites fallen froÌ„ heauen and therfore haue them in great reuerence Thei haue conceaued this opinion of them becauâ—e that in maner with touching they bringe preseÌ„t death And this is the cause whi there is so great abundaunt of serpentes that by the kinges coÌ„maundement it is not lawful to hurt theÌ„ and therefore they wander safelye where them listeth and are estemed of them as thinges that bring good fortune For whereas the men of y e countrey goe abroade aboute anye busines thei take it for good luck to mete any of them by the waye The popingiayes of India are for the most part of grene colour besyde y e head which is ether redde or yelowe like golde They haue a great and large toung and are therfore of a louder voyce speake more plainly They learne the fyrst second yeare such thinges as are taughte them And beare them loÌ„ger in memory They drinke wyne vse theyr fete in the stede of handes when they feede ¶ Of the sundrye kindes of Spices which are founde in Calicut and from whence they are brought thyther GInger groweth in Calicut yet is there much broughte thether from the cytie of Canonor Cinamome commeth from the Ilande of Zaylon whyche is fyftye leages beeyonde Calicut Eastwarde Pepper groweth in Calicut but muche more is broughte thether from Corimucol whiche is .xij. leages beyonde Calicut Cloues are gathered in a place called Meluza certayn leages distant from Calicut Nutmegges and Mace growe in Molucha beyng distante from Calicut hundreth and thre score leages and somewhat more Muske Castoreum is brought from the region of Pego which is froÌ„ Calicut almoste hundreth and fyftye leages Pearles of the biggest sorte are gathered neare vnto the Iland and cytie of Ormus situate in the goulfe called Sinus Persicus And are sente from thence to Calicut as to the generall market towne of all the East partes Spikenarde Mirabalanes as brought from Cambaia to Calicut Frankencense and Myrre come from Arabia Aloe and Camphyre are brought froÌ„ Kyui or China .l. lâ—ages from Calicut Long pepper cometh froÌ„ Samotor Cardamome y e greater is brought from Canonor Presilium or brasyll cometh froÌ„ Darnasseri otherwyse called Tarmasseri almost CC. leages from Calicut ¶ Of the Iland of Zaylon and of Cinomome found there ZAylon is a very large regionâ— bringeth foorth chefelye Elephantes in greate plentie It hath also Mountaynes of merueylous leÌ„gth at the rootes wherof ar fouÌ„d Rubines Hiacinthes Saphyres Topases and suche other precious stones In this Iland groweth the Cinomome tree not much vnlyke y â— bayetree specially in the leaues It bringeth forth graynes much lyke vnto baye beries but somwhat lesse and whytishe That which we commonly call Cinomome is nothinge els but the barke or rynde of a tree which is gathered after this maner Euery thyrde yeare they cut of the braunches of the trees and take of the barke or rynde therof which is our Cinomome They cut not the body of the tree but only the branches When it is first gathered it is grene not perfectly swete vntyll it be kept a moneth This Iland is situate vnder the Equinoctial line where is continuall springe all the yeare The inhabitauntes weare clokes with one arme oute vncouered haue clothe made of Gossampine cotton or of silke A rede is to them in the stede of sworde rapyre iauelyne And are therefore seldome slayne in the warres ¶ Of the cytie of Tarnasseri the maner of the cytezins there THe cytie of Tarnasseri is distaunte from the Kingdome of Narsinga .xiiij. dayes sayling Estward hath a king of great puyssauÌ„ce and marueylous riche The soyle of this citie bringeth forth wheate cotton of Gossampine trees pleÌ„tie of silke The fieldes bringe foorthe all kindes of fruites quinces also and oranges It is replenisshed with manye and sundrye kyndes of beastes aswell wyld as tame as kyne shepe gotes swyne hartes hyndes wolues and lyons There are also seene those kyndes of cattes whiche beare the riche furres called Zibellim which we call Sables In all the fieldes and woodes of this region are founde many Peacockes Faulcons most fayre Popingiayes of white colour intermingled with seuen variable coloures There is also maruelous plentye of hares and partryches There are manye other straunge kyndes of foules and specially such as lyue by praye whiche are muche higher then Eagles whose vpper beakes are of suche bignes hardnes that handles for sweordes are made thereof Also the cockes and hennes of thys region are muche hygher and bigger then ours WheÌ„ the people of the countreye goe to theyr meate they lye downe on the grounde withoute carpet or cloth Yet vse they woodden vesselles workemanlye made Theyr drinke is water myxte with suger but the poorer sorte drinke onelye water Their beddes are made of Gossampine cotton wyth couerlettes also of cotton or sylke They goe all in generall barefooted excepte the Priestes The Kynge of this cytye doeth not commytte his wife to the Priestes to bee defloured as doth the king of Calicut but to whyte men as are the christiaÌ„s Turkes For this office is not committed to the Idoloters But after that the new maried quene hath been thus defloured the fyrst night yf euer after she doe dishonour the Kyng her husbaÌ„d by violating the faith made to him from thencefoorth neuer to knowe any other man carnally her punishment is death incontinently When the Kynges or the Priestes dye their bodies are
laid on a great fyre and the asshes therof reserued in erthen pottes putting thereto a porcion of salte petre and buryinge the same in theyr owne houses While the bodies are burning they cast into the fyre al kyndes of swete sauouring gummes and spices as Aloe Frankencense Myrre Storax Coralle sandalles and suche other innumerable In the meane tyme blowing truÌ„pets shawmes after the maner of theÌ„ which amoÌ„ge the gentiles were canonized into y e numbre of the goddes And within xv dayes after y e husbandes death the wyfe calleth to her all her kinsfolkes bidding them to a banket fo being decked with al her iewels she procedeth with theÌ„ to the place where her husbande was buried where a graue is redye digged for her inclosed about with silkeÌ„ cloth hauinge in it a fyre made of sweete wood When the woman hath thus feasted her kynsfolkes she eateth much of the herbe called Betola wherby she is driuen into a madnes In thys meane whyle innumerable truÌ„petters wearing such vestures as they vse in the deuyls seruice go as it were on procession aboute the graue while the womaÌ„ runneth vp and down daunsing coÌ„tinually like a frantike bodie And thus wheÌ„ the ceremonies are fynished she casteth her selfe headlong into the fyre and graue and that with no lesse cherefulnes theÌ„ yf she should be receaued into heauen And vnlesse the womaÌ„ shoulde performe thys custome she should incurre most vyle infamie be a mocking stocke to all her nacioÌ„ as one that loued not her husband But the coÌ„mon people vse not thys custome but only the rulers princes And therfore the king him selfe is often tymes presente at these solemnities ¶ Of the kingdoms and cities of Pego and Bangella FRom the cytie of Iarnasseri to the cytie of Bangalla is .xi. dayes saylinge This cytie hath a kynge and the countrey is very fruyteful with great plentie of wheat fleshe suger ginger and gossampine cotton and hath therfore very rich marchaÌ„tes There yearely passeth from this citie fyftie shyppes frayghted wyth gossampine cottoÌ„ and silke clothes which are caried from thence to the Turkes Syrians Arabians Persians Ethiopians Indians Here are also founde certayne Christian merchaunt men which come out of Thempire of the great Cham of Cathay bringing with them Aloe CastoreuÌ„ and the swete guÌ„me called Laserpitium with other swete sauours In this cytie the men spinne and carde and make clothe and not the womenne From this cytie Eastwarde is another great citie called Pego beyng situate by a verye fayre ryuer The Kinge of thys cytie is an Idolater and hathe innumerable menne of worre both horsemenne and footemenne The soyle beareth wheate plentifullye and bringeth foorth in maner all kyndes of beastes hath therfore great abundaunce of fleshe Yet are there but fewe Elephants But of other beastes and foules greate plentie as is at Calicut speciallye of popingiayes whiche are of louder voice theÌ„ in any other place There is little trafficque or marchaundise in this region except iewels precious stones and speciallye Rubies called Pyropi whiche are broughte thether from the cytie of Capelan These precious stones shyne so brighte in the darke nyghte as thoughe it were the sonne beames The countrey adioyning bringeth forth Lacha Sandalum called saunders Also brasile gossampine cotton and sylke FroÌ„ Pego to the cytie of Malaccha whiche some call Melaqua is eygheâ— dayes saylinge where on the other syde is sene a great Iland called Sumatra otherwise Samotra was in time paste called Taprobana This Malaccha hath a goodly coÌ„modious hauen by reasoÌ„ wherof moe shippes arriue there then in any other place bringinge with them spyces and other marchaundise in great abundance The region is not generally fruytful yet hath it wheat and fâ—eshe but greate scarcenesse of wood The soules wander in the feldes as they doe in the region of Calicut But the popingiayes are here much fayrer It bringeth foorth also spices saunders tinne elephaÌ„tes horses shepe wilde oxeÌ„ pecockes and such other kyndes of beastes It is not lawfull there to bye and sellâ— except you bye spices and sylke It is also there very daungerous to walke in the citie in the nighte season beecause of the theft cruelnes of the inhabitaÌ„tes which kil one another like dogges And therfore the marchaund strauÌ„gers lodge not out of their shippes How the Portugales subdued Malaccha shalbe said hereafter in the descripcion of the newe Ilandes ¶ Of the greate and ryche Ilande of Sumatra or Samotra sometyme called Tabrobana SOme thinke this Sumatra to be that Iland which of the old writers is called Tabrobana It is verye great and riche and hath in it foure Kinges crowned with Diademes They are Idolaters in religion maner of lyuinge and apparell not muche vnlyke the Kinge of Tarnasseri They exceade all other men in bignesse of bodie They haue greye or blewe eyes and are of cruell countenaunce and terrible voyce They are long lyued and lyue euen vntyl an hundreth yeares of age The sea in certaine chanels is of such heigth and depth that no anker may come to the bottome therof The inhabitantes are great fyshers on the sea and haue great pleasure to take the shelle fysshe called the Tortoyse of the sea of whiche some are of suche houdge bignes that the shelle of one of them may suffise to make a house well able to receaue a hole famelie For some of them beare shelles of xv cubites in length and are therefore apt for that purpose The most part of this Ilande is burnte with heate and hath in it many desolate places and wildernesses There are founde many and greate Pearles For theyr money they vse coyned golde syluer and tynne The goldeÌ„ coyne hath on the one syde a deuils head grauen and on the othersyde a chariot which Elephantes draw This region bringeth foorth more plentie of Elephantes of greater stature a better broede then are found in any other place In the sea about this Ilande are often tymes sene the great monstrous fysshes kynde of Whales called Balene which bring many incoÌ„modities to the inhabitantes They are of such monstrous bignes that when they approche to the Sea bankes they seeme lyke vnto hylles they haue rough backes full of sharpe prickes And except men walke very warely by the sea bankes they are in dauÌ„ger to be sodeynly swalowed vp of these monsters Some of theÌ„ haue so greate and wyde mouthes that they sometymes swallowe whole shippes with the meÌ„ This couÌ„trey bringeth foorthe Lacha Lacca or Lacta which steyneth silke cloth in high redde or crimison coloure It is engendred in a tree not much vnlyke vnto our walnut trees Ther is also great pleÌ„ty of pepper higher theÌ„ is founde in other places In â—heir mother toÌ„ge pepper is called Molaga It is solde there by measure as wheat is with
able to expresse forasmuche as he hath vnder him in maner innumerable Kingdomes Prouinces Nacions and DominioÌ„s which are on euery syde about Cathay acknoweledge him to be theyr onelye Lorde and King whom they honoure and reuerence as a great God mighti Mahumet In what pompe triumphant magnificence he sheweth him self when he goeth to hauke or hunt and how many tentes he pitcheth in the felde which being sene a farre of a man would thinke to be a greate cytie he that desyreth to knowe let him reade Paulus Venetus in the second boke of hys nauigacions into India where he shal find thinges to marueyl at In Cathay they make a pleasaunt drinke of ryce certayne spyces which in drinking excelleth the swetenes of wine In many places they haue great lacke of wood In the stede wherof they digge out of the mountaynes a certayn kinde of blacke stone whiche burne in the fyre like coles and continue so long that yf they be kyndled ouer night they kepe fyre vnto the morning ¶ Of certaine Prouinces and regions subiect vnder the dominion of the greate Cham Emperour of Cathay THere passeth through the kingdom of Cathay a certayne greate ryuer called Pulisachnites which emptieth it selfe in the great Ocean sea by the whiche ryuer shyppes haue their passage into that lande Ouer this ryuer is a very fayre bridge of marble beyng in length three hundreth pases and in breadth eyghte pases with .xxiiii. arches and grauen LioÌ„s on euery syde adourning the rayles or highest margentes of the same From hence it is not farre to the fayre and greate kingdom of â—ainfu in the which are many goodli vynes For in the kingdom of Cathay there groweth no wyne but is brought the ther from this region In this kingdome is greate vse of marchaundyse and hath plentie of conning artificers so that al the armure which the great Cham vseth in his warres is made there Toward the region of Mangi is situate the ryuer Caromoram whiche for the greate breadth and depth hath no bridge In this region is greate abundaunce of Ginger silke byrdes and speciallye Phesantes Somewhat beyonde this is the great cytie of Quenquinafu beynge the chief cytie of the same kingdome In this region are founde many muskecaâ—tes This beast in this countreye is but lyttle and fayre aboute the bignesse of a meane catte with grosse heare lyke a harte hauinge blunte clawes on his fete with two longe teeth in the vpper iawe and two in the nether iawe and hath nere vnto the nauell a bladder full of a certayne matter like vnto bloud being of wonderful â—tagrant sauoure and is the true muske ¶ Of the Prouince of Mangi and merueylous cyties conteyned in the same THe Prouince of Mangi hath in it many notable and great cities in the whiche is greate exercyse of marchaundyse and specially in the citie of Conigangui is solde great plentie of salt In the cytie of Panchi there is great sale of silke In the cytie of Sianfu is made great pleÌ„tie of clothes of golde and silke In the cytie singui is a famous market where great abundaÌ„ce of marchauÌ„dise is brought by the ryuer Nere vnto the citie of Caigui groweth plentie of blade and ryce that it is caried from thence to the court of the greate Cham. In y e citie of singui are nuÌ„bred to be about sixe thousande bridges of stone hauinge so highe arches that greate shippes maye passe vnder the same without bowing down of the mast There is another citie called Quinsai which is so fayre great that there is thought to be no bigger in al the worlde It conteyneth in circuite a huÌ„dreth Italien miles which make xxv leages It hath twelue thousande bridges of stone and those so highe that greate shippes with the maste standing vp right maye passe vnder This cytie is situate in a marrishe ground muche lyke vnto venes Therfore if they should lack bridges they coulde not passe ouer froÌ„ the one syde of the streete to the other It hath innumerable artificers and many marchauntes The cytezins lyue pleasantly and specially the womeÌ„ which are fayrer theÌ„ in other partes of â—ndia Toward the South syde of the cytye there is a great lake or poole within y e walles of the cytie whiche coÌ„teyneth in circuitie about .viii. leages hauinge about the bankes therof many noble mens houses very fayre both without and within In the middeste of this lake there are two litle IlaÌ„des and in euery of theÌ„ a goodly palace in y â— which are reserued al suche ornamentes vessels as they vse for theyr mariages solemne feastesâ— for whereas any of the cytezins entende to make any great banket or feast they bring theyr gestes to one of these palaces where they are honorably enterteined In the stretes of y e citie are certaine comoÌ„ towres into y â— which al such as dwell neare therto carie theyr goodes stuffe yf it so chaunce y e fyre be in the citie The inhabitantes are Idoloters eate the fleshe of horses camels of other vnclene beastes The great Cham hath in this cytâ—e a myghtie garison to the intente to auoyde rebellion thefte murther For on euery bridge there wayteth dayly nightlye .x. watchmen for the same purpose and because the Prouince of Mangi is exceding large the great Cham hath deuyded it into nyne Kingdomes assigninge vnto euerye one a peculier Kynge whiche are al of greate powre and yet subiecte to the greate Cham. One of them dwelleth in the citie of Quinsai In thys Prouince of Mangi is an other Kyngdome called Fugui in whiche the people eate mannes flesshe so that they dye not of any disease They drinke the bloud and eate the fleshe of such as are slayne in y e warres There are hennes found in this region which in the stede of fethers haue heare much lyke cattes heare of blacke colour And laye very good egges ¶ Of the regioÌ„ of Tangut and of the great desertes voyces of deuylles hearde in the same of the Salamandra FRom the Kingdome of Persia there are two iourneyes to the region of Cathay For either the south side must be obserued towarde India or elles to passe by the prouinces of Carcham Cotam Peim Northeastwarde to the citie of Lop beynge the greatest and most notable cytie in all that region lying betwene the East and the North at the entrauÌ„ce at the great desert In this cytie al suche marchauntes as entende to passe the desertes make preparacioÌ„ for all thinges necessarye for their yourneye And rest in the same vntill they are well prouided of strong asses and camels to carye there vitayles And when in y e desert their vitayles begin to fayle theÌ„ they kyl theyr asses or leaue theÌ„ there in the wyldernes because
Ilandes the sodeyn straungenes or greatnes of the thing shal not so much amase thy wittes and gender in thee incrudelitie yf thou coÌ„sider the saying of wyse Salomon who affyrmeth y t there is no new thing vnder the Sunne that the thing that hath been cometh to passe again which saying doeth greatly coÌ„fyrme the trueth of such thinges as are spoken of in this Boke wheras the same perhappes to some meÌ„ might otherwyse seme in maner incredible yf the lyke had not been sene in â—yme paste approued by auctoritie of moste holy scripture which declaring the great wysdoÌ„ ryches noble viages of King SalomoÌ„ sayth that God gaue him wisdoÌ„ and vnderstaÌ„ding exceding muche and a large heart and that he prepared a nauie of shippes in the porte of Azion Gaber by the brinke of the redde sea which sayled to Ophir brought froÌ„ thence .xxi. score hundreth whiche is xlâ— M. weyght of golde Agayâ—e that the weyghte of golde which was broughte to Salomon in one yere was .vi. huÌ„dreth thre score .vi. taleÌ„tes of gold wheras the Hebrue talente called Talente HaebraicuÌ„ sanctuarii was of our stâ—rling money 500. pounde Talent Haebraiâ—um uulgare was halfe so much Lykewyse y t siâ—uer was nothing worth in the dayes of SalomoÌ„ and y t he made siluer gold in HierusaleÌ„ as pleÌ„tiouâ— as stones Agayâ— that he ouerlayd the house of the Lord with precious stones beautiâ—ully and the gold wherwith he couered it was golde of Paruaim Also that the kinges nauie of shippes weÌ„t once in thre yere to Tharsis and brought Gold Siluer Apesâ— Peacockes and Elephantes teeth Which wordes surely seme so to confirme such thinges as are spoken of in the nauigacions wherof this boke entreateth that nothinge can make more for the truth of the same and briefely to speake of the places whether Salomons shippes sayled for Gold as Tharsis and Ophir This ought to be coÌ„sydered for a general rule that nearest vnto the south partes of the world betwene the two Tropikes vnder y e Equinoctial or burning lyne where the sunne is of greatest forse is the chiefest place where gold is engendred although it be sometymes founde in colde regioÌ„s as in Scotland in Crayford more likewyse in Hâ—ngary yet nether pure of it self nor in great quaÌ„titie the reason whereof is largely declared in the â—ookes of George Agric Albertus Magnus And wheras it is written in y e â—oke of Kinges in the Actes of Salomon that he prepared his shippes in Azion Gaber beyng by the brinke of the readde sâ—a and sayled from thence to Ophir for Golde it is apparaunt that howsoeuer the names of thinges haue altered and perisshed in tyme he sayled from thence southwarde towarde the Equinoctial lyne for asmuche as there is none other passage oute of the narownesse of the readde sea but onely into the mayne South sea by the which the Portugales euen at this daye make theyr viage to Calicut Samoâ—ra Madagascar and such other Ilandes in the South east partes of the worlde where Golde Spyces Apes and Elephantes are nowe founde in lyke maner But as for Tharsis beyâ—ge a cytye of Cilicia in Asia the lâ—sse the naâ—iue countreye of S. Paule the Apostle and situaâ—e muche more toward the North theÌ„ is Iudea and in maner directlye ouer againste Iudea on the othersyde of the sea called Mare MediteraneuÌ„ in the same clime in the which standeth the Ilande of Sicilia and the cytie of Ciuile in Spayne it hardelye agreeth with the principles of Philosophie coÌ„mon experience that golde should be there engendred in lyke abundaunce as in Regions more towarde the south much lesse Elephantes and Apes which are no where engeÌ„dred farre froÌ„ the AEquinoctial lyne or beyonde the two Tropikes nor yet wil engendre yf they be broughte into those partes of the world The lyke is to be vnderstande of Popingiayes and spyces and dyuers other beastes fruites and trees which are engendered in ceâ—tayne climes of the worlde and wyll not prospere in other places the reason wherof were here to longe declare For lyke as pepper wyll not growe in Spayne no more wyll the Orange tree bringe foorth fruite in Englande Wherefore it maye seme by good reason that the Golde Apes and Elephantes teeth which were broughte from Tharsis yf it were Tharsis of Cilicia were not engeÌ„dered there but rather brought thether by marchauÌ„tes from the south partes of the world out of Mauritania Marmarica Ethiopia Libia Arabia or otherwise by lande from the East India lyke as at this daye the greate multitude of Spyces Golde Precious stones Sylke and Iuerye whyche is at Calicut and Cambaia growe not al in the regioÌ„s there about but are brought thether froÌ„ dyuers other countreys as doeth more largely appeare in this Boke And that SalomoÌ„s factours for exchauâ—ge of other marchaundyse bought the same in Tharsis beâ—â—g broâ—ght thether froÌ„ other countreyes as it is written in the thyrde Boke of the Kinges that Salomon had great plentie of Gold of Marchauntes Apothecaries So that to conclude I would rather thinke sauing reformacion of oâ—her better learned that this Tharsis not Tharsis of Cilicia from whence Salomon had so great plentie of Gold and Iuerie were rather some other couÌ„trey in the south partes of the world then this Tharsis of Cilicia Forâ— not onely olde and newe Histories dayly experience and the principles of natural Philosophie doe agree y t the places most apte to bring forth gold spices precious stones are the South and Southeast partes of the world but also our Sauiour Christ approueth the same declaring that the Quene of the South meaning the Quâ—ne of Saba came froÌ„ the vtmoste partes of the worlde to heare the wysdom of Salomon And lyke as by the auctoritie of these woordes it is playne froâ— what partes of the world she came the same to a philosophical head is apparent by sâ—che râ—ches presentes as she broughte with her For albeit that in the Chronacles of Salomon it is â—ot written by expressed wordes that she came froÌ„ the Southe yet is it wrytten that she came to Hierusalem with a very great trayne with camels laden with spyces swete odours exceading much gold precious stones which descripcion doeth well agree both with the situacion of the cytie of Saba in Ethiopia vnder Egipt and also with the couâ—trey of Saba being in the middel of Arabia inuironned about with great rockes wherin is a great wood of Precious trees some of Cinomome Cassia some bringing forth frankâ—ncense and myrre as writeth Plinius lib. 12. and Theophrastus li. 9. de Hist. Plant. Wherefore the Quene of â—aba myghte worthely be called â—he quene of the South forasmuch as bothe Saba or rather Sabat in Ethiopia whiche Iosephus thinketh to be the Iland of
vs not by weight There is so great pleÌ„tie hereof that there are yearely certayne shippes ladeÌ„ therwith to Cathay where y e aire is colder From Sumetra to the Iland of Banda which is but rude and barren and of playne and lowe grounde whose inhabitantes are barbarous little differinge from beastes hauing lowe houses and no apparell but shertes barefoted and bareheaded with long heare of despicable stature dulle witted of no strength and Idolaters The soyle of this countrey bringeth forth nothiÌ„g but nutmegges a few other fruites The sâ—alke or bodi of y e nutmeg tree is not much vnlike y e stalke of a peache tree bringing forth lyke braunches and leaues but somewhat narower Before these nutts be rype y e mace crepeth on the tree lyke a florishing rose And when the nutte waxeth rype the mace embraseth it round about And so they gather both together in commune at a tyme appointed for they vse no distribucion thereof but he that gathereth most hath most This tree bringeth forth his fruyte plentifully without any arte of husbandrye or tyllage They are gathered at such time as we gather chestnuttes From this Iland within sixe dayes sayling is the Iland of Monoch in the which cloues are founde as also in other Ilandes therto adioyninge The tree whiche beareth cloues hath his stalke not much vnlike vnto the boxe tree with leaues lyke the Cinomome tree but somewhat rounder And when the cloues beginne to waxe rype they beate the trees with redes spreding fyrst couerlettes or mattes vnder y e same The grounde where these trees grow is of y e colour of cleye or sand This regioÌ„ is situate so low that y e seueÌ„ starres called Septenâ—riones being not farre froÌ„ Vrsa maior called charles wayne caÌ„ not there be sene because y â— south pole called pole Antartike appeareth aboue the earth ¶ Of the Ilande of Bornei THe IlaÌ„d of Bornei which some call Porne is distant froÌ„ Monoch fiftie leages The inhabitantes are Idolaters very quick witted and of maner of liuing not greatly to be discommended Thei vse not al one kynde of apparell Some weare shertes of gossampine cotton some beastes skinnes some high cappes lyke myters of redde colour This Iland bringeth forth yearely great plentie of Camphora called camphyre whiche they affirme to be the guÌ„me of a certayn tree Of this Ilande I wil speake more hereafter in the nauigacions toward the East partes ¶ Of the Iland of Giaua The Iland of Gyaua is distant froÌ„ Bornei v. dayes sayling towarde the south This IlaÌ„d is so great y t it coÌ„teineth in it many kingdoÌ„s y â— inhabitaÌ„tes aâ— geueÌ„ to idolatri It brigeth forth silke which of it selfe groweth there plentifullye in the wooddes The precyous stone called Smaragdus which is y e true Emerode is found there more excellent then in any other place of the worlde It hath abundaunce of golde copper of the best kynd The soyle beareth wheat other corne withal kindes of fruites in great plentie WheÌ„ the men of this countrie goe to the sea theyr weapons are bowes and arrowes of redes They vse also to infect theyr arrowes with venime and to blowe them oute of a trunke as we doe pellets of claye with the which yf they drawe neuer so little bloud presente death foloweth immedialye They haue also this custome that when they see theyr parentes by reason of age to be vnprofitable they bring theÌ„ to the market towne and there sell them to the people called Anthropophagi which eat â—leshe of whom they are incontineÌ„tly slayâ—e and eaten The same doe theâ— with the yonger forte also yf they fall into any desperate disease ¶ Of the Iland of Iaua THere are two Ilandes of thys name as Iaua the more Iaua the lesse The biggest reacheth forth toward the South is sayd to haue in it many kingdoms The inhabitantes are Idolaters haue a peculier language In this Iland is greate plentie of pepper Nuttemegges Spikenarde Galangale other spices Mani marchauntes of other countreies are wont to resorte thether geat great riches by y e spices which they carie froÌ„ thense In this Iland also are people called Anthropophagi which are wont to eate mens fleshe ¶ Of the Iland of Madagascar THis Iland is counted to be one of the greatest and rycheste Ilandes of the worlde The inhabitantes are of Mahumets secte as are the Turkes It bringeth forth many Elephantes by reason wherof there is greate plentie of Iuerye which is the Elephantes to the. For it is thought that there is no greater plentie of Iuerie theÌ„ in this Iland in the Iland of Cuzibet They eate the fleshe of none other beastes but onely of Camels because the Ilande is full thereof also that it is founde to be more holesome for the people of that countrey then any other fleshe There are also in this Iland manye woddes that bringe foorth redde sanders for the which many marchauntes resort thether In the sea about this Ilandâ— great whales are taken out of the which amber is gathered There are lioÌ„s leopardes hartes hyndes goates and many other beastes and foules by reason whereof they vse muche haukinge and huntinge ¶ Of the Iland of Zanzibar THe Ilande of Zanzibar hath a peculier Kinge and language The inhabitantes are idolaters are of grosse and shorte stature but yf theyr heygth dydde aunswere to theyr thickenesse and breadth they mighte seme to be giauntes They are all blacke and goe naked onely couering theyr pryuie partes The heare of theyr heades is merueylouslye corlde They haue greate mouthes nosethrilles flyrtting vpwarde and wyde with great eares and cruell eyes Theyr women are deformed by reason of theyr greate eyes greate mouthes and greate nosethrilles They liue with milke flesshe ryce and dates They lacke wyne Yet they make a pleasaunt drinke of ryce suger and other spices Many marchauntes resorte thether for yuerie Amber for there is greate plentye of Elephantes and great whales ¶ Of the two Ilandes in one of the which dwell onely men and in the other onely womeÌ„ IN the mayne sea there are two Ilandes distante the one froÌ„ the other aboute .viij. or .ix. leages toward the south situate betwene the cytie of Aden and Calicut In one of the which dwel onely men without the company of womeÌ„ and is called the Ilande of men And in the other dwell onely women without men and is called the Ilande of women They are Christians and contract matrimonie The women neuer come to the Ilande of men but the men are accustomed to vysyte the women once in the yeare and tarye with them thre monethes continually euery man with his owne wife in his owne house after which time they returne agayn to her owne Ilande where they remayne
they can no longer prouide them of pasture vntyll they haue passed ouer the deserte But they preserue theyr camelles beecause they are susteyned wyth lesse meate and beare greater burthens In this deserte are often tymes founde bytter waters but more often fresshe and sweete waters so that in maner euerye daye for the space of thyrtye dayes a man maye fynde fresshe water but that in so lyttle quantitie that it doeth not suffice al the marchauÌ„tes whiche passe that waye together That deserte is verye full of of mountaynes And when you are come to the lowe and playn grouÌ„d the residue of the iourney is all together by the sandes it is through out baren and saluage so that it is not able to nourishe any beastes for lacke of pasture In this wildernes are often tymes heard and sene as well by daye as by night sundrie illusions of euyl spirites And therefore suche as trauayle throughe the same haue nede to take great hede least they disseuer or depart farre in sundre or leaste any linger behynde his companie aswel for that he may hereby lose the sight of them by reason of mountaynes or hilles lyinge beetwene as also because there are heard voyces of deuyls calling theÌ„ that wander alone by theyr proper names conterfeyting the voyces of theyr companie that goeth beefore by this meanes withdrawing them from the right waye and bringinge them to destruccion There is often tymes heard in the ayre as it were a noyse of musicall instrumeÌ„tes but more often like the sounde of drumslades or timbrels This great desert being passed ouer they come to the cytie called Sachion which is situate in the enteraunce of the greate Prouince of Tangut where amonge certayne Mahumetistes are found a fewe Christian men called Nestoriani of the secte of Nestorius There are also manye Idoloters hauinge theyr monasteries consecrated to dyuers Idols to which they offre many sacrifices and attribute greate honor to deuyls And when a man hath a sonne borne he forthwith commendeth him to some Idol in whose honour he nourisheth a ramme al that yeare which after that his sonne be twelue monethes olde at the nexte feaste of the same Idoll he and his sonne offre with many ceremonies When this oblacion is finished thei bringe the sacrificed fâ—eshe to a place appoynted where al his kinsfolkes being gathered together they eate that fleshe with great religion and kepe the bones reuerently in a certayn vessell but in the funeralles of the dead they vse these ceremonies and supersticions Al the neighbors of the dead prouyde that the dead corps be burned which custome all the people of the East partes do obserue Yet some of theÌ„ kepe y e dead bodye by them certayne dayes beefore they burne it As some seuen daies some for the space of a moneth and some sixe monethes preparing for the same a close cheste so inuoluinge wyth cereclothe and ponderinge with spyces the bodye therein inclosed that no euyll sauoure maye passe foorth Thys done they paynte the cheste verye curiouslye and couer it with a precious clothe placinge theyr dyninge table harde by the same where they dyne continuallye as long as the dead bodie is thus reserued at home And in the dyner tyme for the space of one hole houre they sette wyne meat vpon the cheste supposing the soule of the dead bodye to be partaker of the same The Region of Tangut is verye large and conteyneth in it manye priuate Prouinces as the Prouince of Camul of Cinchital and Suchur wyth dyuerse fayre Cyties whiche are all Subiecte and obeye to the great Cham of Cathay Some of the inhabitantes beleue in Mahumet some acknowledge Christe after the heresye of Nestorius In the lande of Chinchital is a Mountayne oute of the whyche is dygged the myne of stele and Audanici There is also founde the Serpente called Salamandra which lyueth in the fyre wythoute anye hurte Of the heare of this serpeÌ„t is made a certayne cloth which being cast in the fyre when it is foule is thereby made cleane and very white if it remaine there for y e space of an houre Suche other innumerable marueilous thinges writeth Paulus â—enetus that he hath sene and founde in his nauigacions into these partes of whom also I haue gathered thus muche lettinge passe manye other thinges whereof he speaketh more at large ¶ Here endeth the descripcioÌ„ of the Nauigacions from Spayne to the newe India Eastward foloweth of the newe Ilandes and India found in the West Ocean sea from Spayne Westward and Southweste ¶ Of the newe India and IlaÌ„des in the West Ocean sea how when and by whoÌ„ they were found CHristophorus Columbus a GentlemeÌ„ of Italie and borne in the citie of Cenua when he had been longe conuersaunt in the Kyng of Spaynes courte he applyed hys mynde to searche vnknowen partes of the worlde And for his better furtheraunce herein made humble peticion to the kinge to ayde him in this his enterpryse which doubtlesse should redownde to his great honour and no litle coÌ„moditie to all the hole countreye of Spayne yf by his helpe charges he might fynde newe regions But the Kinge and Quene laughed him to scorne saying that his ymaginacion was but vayne and phantasticall At the length eyght yeares beynge passed ouer and Columbus styll persistinge in his purpose and sute the Kyng began to geue eare to his talke and after muche reasoninge debating of the matter determined to trie the witte of the manne And there vpoÌ„ coÌ„maunded a foyst two brigantines to be furnished with all kynde of ordinaunce and vitayles which being prepared the fyrst day of September in the yere of Christ 1492 Columbus departed from the coastes of Spayne and wente forwarde in his viage longe desyred And when he had passed the IlaÌ„des called Gades he diuerted toward the fortunate Ilandes called Insulae Portunaâ—ae which are now called Canariae because they are full of dogges They were in time past called Fortunate for the excellente temperatenes of the ayre and greate fruytefulnes Columbus departinge from hense sayled towarde the Weste and at the length founde certayne Ilandes of the whiche two were very greate wherof the one he called Hispana and the other Iohanna ¶ Of the two Ilandes Iohanna and Hispana AS Columbus came to the Ilande whiche he called Iohanna he hearde a merueylous sweete noyse of innumerable byrdes and especiallye of Nightingales whiche wandred in the thicke wooddes in the Moneth of Nouembre He founde also mooste fayre Ryuers swete to drinke many goodly haueÌ„s And as he sayled by the costes of the Ilande Southweste warde and could fynd no ende he thought it had been the mayne land therfore determyned to drawe backe being partly enforsed by roughnes of the sea and thus returning some what Eastward he came to an IlaÌ„d whiche he afterwarde called Hispana
and oppressions they hadde rather paye tribute then to be thus dayly vexed with incursioÌ„s neuer to be at quiete Upon this complaynte it was agreed that they shoulde paye yearely tribute to the ChristiaÌ„ king that they should applie theÌ„ selues to gather and encrease theyr rotes whiche were to them in the stede of flowre and wheat and so consumed that with great labour they coulde scarcely fynde any in the wooddes They payde therefore for their tribute euery thre monethes certayn pound weyghtes of gold but suche as had no gold payde spyces gossampine cotton In the meane time the Spaniardes who should haue been occupied in digging for golde gaue theÌ„ selues to play wantoÌ„nes idlenes coÌ„temning falling into hatered w t their gouernour by which theyr liceÌ„ciousnes the people of the IlaÌ„d beyng prouoked became more disobedient wyld degeneratinge froÌ„ al kind of honestie faithfulnes yea y â— spaniardes also became so negligeÌ„t in seking for gold y t sometyme the charges exceaded the gaynes Neuerthelesse in the yere of Christ 1501. they gathered within y e space of two monethes twelue thousand poundes weyght of golde But the Admirall appoyntinge his brother Bartholomeus Columbus to be gouernour of the Iland he in the yeare .1495 determined to returne to Spayne to certifye the kyng of al these matters In which viage he manfullye defended him self in battayl against the rebelles of certayne other Ilandes which had coÌ„spyred agaynst the Spanyardes ¶ How the Portugals sought new IlaÌ„des in the East partes and how they came to Calicut IN this meane tyme that y e Spanyardes soughte newe and vnknowen landes in the West partes the Portugales attempted to doe the same in the Easte partes And least one of them should be a lette or hinderauÌ„ce to the other they deuyded the world betwene them by the aucthoritie of the Bishop of Rome AlexaÌ„der the .vi. of that name And that on this condicion that froÌ„ the Ilandes called Hesperides whiche are now called Caput ueride the one should sayle Westwarde and the other towarde the South pole thus deuyding the world betwene theÌ„ in two equal partes So that whatsoeuer vnknowen landes shoulde be discouered in the Easte partes the same to be dewe to the Portugales And all suche as shoulde be founde in the Weste partes to appertayne to the Spanyardes Whereby it came to passe that the Spaniardes euer by the South sayled into the Weste where they founde a large mayne laÌ„d with IlaÌ„des great litle innumerable hauing in them great pleÌ„tie of golde and pearles and other great riches But the Portugales by the Southe and costes of the Ilandes called Hesperides and Equinoctial lyne Tropicus Capricorni came y â— into East by thâ— goulâ—e called Sinus Persicus euen vnto the costes of India with in the riuer of Ganges wheras is now the great market towne kingedoÌ„ of Calicut And froÌ„ thence to the IlaÌ„d of Taprobana now called Sumetra Zamara or Samotra so forth to Aurea Chersonesus whereas is nowe the great cytie of Malaccha beyng one of y e most famous market townes of al y e East partes From Malaccha they entered into a great goulfe by which they came to the region of â—inarâ—m Not farre from Malaccha are the Ilandes called Molucca in which al kyndes of spyces growe and are brought to the cytie of Malaccha But the Spanyâ—rdes hauing knowledge what greate coÌ„moditie the Portugales had receyued by the Ilandes of Molucca attemted to proue yf they also might find the same Ilandes in sayling so farre Westward that they mighte at the length by West and southwest come into the East as by good reasoÌ„ they presupposed the roundnesse of the earth would permitte if they were not otherwyse lette by the fyrme or mayne land lyinge in the waye and stoppinge theyr passage whereof as yet was no certeyntie knoweÌ„ And this dydde they to thintent that by this meanes they myghte more easelye and wyth lesse charge bringe spyces from thence into Spayne Therefore the maner of this viage was that they shoulde sayle from the Weste vnder the lowest hemispherye or halfe coÌ„passe of the earth so to come into the East A thinge surelye that myghte seeme verye harde to attempte beecause it was vncertaine whether that most prudente and beneficiall nature who worketh al thinges with most high prouidence had not so deuided and seperated the East from the West partely by sea and partely by land that there might by this way haue been no passage into the East For it was not yet knowen whether that great region of America whiche they call the fyrme or mayne lande dyd seperate the Weste sea froÌ„ the East But it was founde that that fyrme lande exteÌ„ded from the West to the South And that also towarde the North partes were fouÌ„d two other regioÌ„s whereof the one is called Regio Baccalearum the other Terra Florida which if they were adherent to the sayde fyrme land there could be no passage by the Weste seas into the East India forasmuch as ther was not yet founde any strayghte of the sea wherby any enteraunce mighte be opeÌ„ into the East In this meane while the kyng of Spayne beynge elected Emperoure prepared a naâ—uie of fyue shippes ouer the whiche he appointed one Magellanus to be captayne commaundinge him that he should sayle towarde the coastes of the sayd fyrme land dyrectinge his viage by the south partes thereof vntyl he had eyther found the ende of the same or elles some streyghte wherby he mighte passe to those odoriferous Ilandes of Molucca so famously spoken of for the great abuÌ„daunce of swete sauours and spices founde therein The shippes therefore beyng well furnisshed with all thinges necessarie Magellanus departinge from Ciuile in Spayne the tenth day of August in the yeare of Christ .1519 came fyrst to y e IlaÌ„des of Canaria and from thence to the Ilandes called Hesperides from whiche dyrectinge hys course betwene the West and the East toward the sayd fyrme land in few dayes with prosperous sayling he discouered a corner or poynt of the sayd mayne laÌ„d called Promontorium S Muriae where the people dwell called Canibales whiche are accustomed to eate mans fleshe FroÌ„ hence he sayled on southwarde by the long tracte of this firme laÌ„d which reacheth so farre into y e south and extendeth so many degrees beyond y e circle called Tropicus Capricorni y t the south pole called pole Antartike is there eleuated fortie syxe degrees And thus beyng brought into the East they saw certayn Indians gatheringe shel fyshes by the sea bankes beyng men of very high stature clothed w t beastes skinnes To whom wheras certayne of the Spaniardes went a land shewed them belles paynted papers they begon to daunce leape aboute the
The viâ—ge of magellanus The IlaÌ„des of Moluccâ— ExperieÌ„ce y t teacher of al sciences Sense vnderstaÌ„dinge A sentence of Aristotell ExperieÌ„ce ioined with speculacion A perâ—â—ler proueth no vniuersall what is knowledge and learning Baltassar Castaglionae A false perswasion of y â— freÌ„shmâ— Albertus Magnus â—â—perat regions vnder y e Equinoctial line An error of sâ— Augustine Lactantius antipodes Apâ—anus LactaÌ„tius the rouÌ„dnes of y e earth S. augustyne Apianus The apostles Antipodes the one againste thother The spanyardes the IndiaÌ„s are Antipodes S. augustine of the heresie of manicheus S. augustines boke of retractes Mouâ—taynes let not y e rouÌ„dnes of the earth A galle A SeÌ„tence of S. augustines CoÌ„meÌ„dacioÌ„ of s. augustin Lactantius Of the roundenes of y e earth the earth hangeth in y e aire the fable of Atlas the word of God beareth vppe the worldâ— Iob. 26. The elementes Exo. xv The eleâ—atioÌ„ of â—he pole the largeâ—es of the eartâ— Ilâ—â—des Astrâ—nâ—mers Geometriciaâ—â— Act. xvâ— Psa. 135 The â—â—ther iâ— southweste The citie of Cambaiâ— Calicâ—â— GossipiuÌ„ Bâ—mbage oâ— cottoÌ„ of the treâ—s The â—urkes nauie agaynste the king of Portugale The cytie of Aden The kinge of Aden is hanged The destructioÌ„ of the citie of Aden The turke besiegeth thâ—â—ytiâ— of Dium The turke is repulsed The excellencie of the citie of Cambaia â— Lacha is guÌ„me of a tree is vsed in dying oâ— silke The â—yngdoÌ„ of Ioga The KyngdoÌ„ of â—echaÌ„ The diamonde stone The stone â—iderites The hardneâ— of the diâ—â—ond How the diamâ—Ì„d is made softe The moÌ„tayne of diamantes The citie of Narsinâ—â— The kinge of Narsinga the riche trappiÌ„g of the kingeâ— horse â—pices of Narsiâ—ga The cytie of Caâ—â—nor The vse of â—lephaâ—tâ—â— in the warres The â—â—tie Bisinagar HaukiÌ„â— and huâ—tinge The kinge of bisinagar The Eâ—â—phaÌ„teâ—â—â—wre ElephaÌ„tes vnderstandeth the laÌ„guage of thâ—yr couÌ„trei SeueÌ„ armed meÌ„ vpoÌ„ one ElephaÌ„t The ruler speaketh to the Elephant The ElephaÌ„tes ioynteâ— The bignes and shape of the Elephantâ— the painters erre herein VnderstaÌ„de the handebredth w t the thuÌ„be stretched forth the Elephantes paâ—e The Elephante is vexed w t flyes How the ElephaÌ„t kylleth flyes Enmitie betwene the Elephant Rhinoceros The Rhinoceros ii hornes the fight betwene Rhinocâ—ros the ElephaÌ„t Rhinoceâ—os naturally arâ—ed Rhinoceâ—os sene in Portugale Rhinoceros ouercometh the Elephant Lowe simple houses The â—ing hoâ—oreth â—he deuil The Image of the deuil The bisshop of Romes vicar at Calicut The deuil eateth soules The deâ—illes chaplins Sacrifice to the deuyl the chapleins offer to the deuyl The priestes wait on the kyng Crowes had in estimacioÌ„ The priestes defloure y e quene Priestes Magistrates Artificers â—aâ—ourers The successioÌ„ of the kingdom As are y e priestes such is y e people The priestes kepe y e queâ—e ExchauÌ„ginge of wyues Obedience in â—uyll One woman maried to seueÌ„ meÌ„ The punishmeÌ„t of murther Sinne redemed for money Superstitionâ— Outeward cleÌ„lynes Deuylishe gestures Howe pepper groweth Fruitful grounde without tillagâ— Ginger A roâ—e for a sedâ— Fruytes vnknowen to vs. Aloe Papingiayes of diuers kyndes Sweete siâ—ginge of â—irdes Earthly paradise teÌ„perate ayre CoÌ„tinual spring Munkeys A tree of sundrye commoditâ—esâ— Silke of trees Ropes of trees Wyne of trees Oyle of water SerpeÌ„ts as bigge as swine SerpeÌ„ts without â—oysoâ— SerpeÌ„tâ— counted for heaueÌ„ly spirites grene popingaies Canonor Zaylon Corimucol Meluza Molucha Pego Ormus Cambaia Arabia China Samotoâ— Darnasseri ElephaÌ„tes precious stones Cinomome The Equinoctial lyâ—e weapoÌ„â— of redes Narsinga â—he beast whiche beareth the furre called Sableâ— Fouleâ— of meruelous bignes Beddeâ— of silke Priestes the quene defloured of white menne Adulteri punisshed w t death How the kinge is buried Mâ—â—stre isâ— the queâ—ne dyeth willingâ—ly the herâ— Betola â— What â—redulitie maye doe in false religion Honour dere boughte the king citie of Bangella Silâ—â—â— Chrâ—â—â—iâ— men of Cathay The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Ruâ—ies shyning by night Lacha Lacca or â—â—acta â— is 〈…〉 tree 〈…〉 â—â—laccha â—â—matra â—aprobaâ—a â—he IlaÌ„d of Taprobana MeÌ„ of a huÌ„dreth â—eres of age Shelleâ— of fisheâ— for houses Great pearlesâ— Coyned golde siluer for moneye Fishes of monstrous bignesse 〈◊〉 Pepper solde by measure Cathay the IlÌ„ad of banda The nutmeg tree Mace the IlaÌ„d of Moâ—och Cloues Charles Waine Pole Antartike Idoloters CaÌ„phire Silke groweth in woodes The â—maragde or emerode Golde copper arrowes of redes arrowes infected with venime A straÌ„ge custome Anthropophagi Spyceâ— Mahumetistes ElephaÌ„tes Iuerie the IlaÌ„d of Cuzibet Camels fleshe eateâ— woddes of redde SaÌ„ders Whales Amber Lions Leopardes Bigge men of low stature Peoplâ— deformed Ryce Dates â—rinke of spices Amber the IlaÌ„d of men the IlaÌ„d of womeÌ„ christiaÌ„s Fishing the great Cham of Tartari Famous cities vnder the greate Cham. manye wyues What naturall affectioÌ„ may doe A straÌ„gâ— custome The people of Cathay Idolotours Money of paper Golde Syluerâ— the cytie of Cambalu MarchaÌ„â—yse precious stones spyces Noâ—e the king of Cathay his court The Quene Golden plate worldly glory A liuing Idol Pauluâ— venetuâ— Drinke of rice spyces Digged cole A greate bridge of marble the kiâ—gdome of Tainfu CoÌ„nyng artificers Ginger Quenquinafu the musâ—e catte Siuet or muske MarchaÌ„dyse â—alte Sylke Cloth of golde Ryce VI. â— bridges of stone the great citie of Quinsai Xij. Mâ— bridges of stone Artificers MarchauÌ„tes Eâ—mmoÌ„ baÌ„ketiâ—ge houses A good prouysioÌ„ againâ—te fyre Flesh of horses eaten A pâ—ouision agaâ—nst rebellion Anthropophagi Hennes hauinge heare in the stede of fethers the way froÌ„ Persia to Cathay the cytie of Lop. The iorney by y e desertes Bitter watersâ— IllusioÌ„s of euyl spirites voices of deuyls StrauÌ„ge noises in the ayre the citie of Sachâ—oÌ„ christiaÌ„s of the heresie of Nestorius Monasteries of Idoloters A straÌ„ge custome Ceremonies in funerals A grosse vayne perswasion the region of Taâ—gut Mahumetistes Stele Salamaâ—dra Paulus Venetus Christophorus ColuÌ„bus Great enterprises haue euer ben counted phaÌ„tasticall the fyrst â—â—age of Christophorus ColuÌ„bus the Ilandes called Gades The IlaÌ„des of â—anaria Iohanna Hispana or Hispaniola gold for earth glasse the king of the Iland Bylding without the vse of Iron Câ—nibales Anthropophagi the fearsenes of the canibales maÌ„s fleshe poudered Roates in y e stede of bread Gold iâ— estimacion Howe golde iâ— gathred SerpeÌ„ts wythout veâ—â—â—â— Popingiayes Spices GuÌ„â—es The Indian toÌ„g ColuÌ„bus at his returne iâ— made Admiral of the Ocean sea The second viage of Columbus Gades The IlaÌ„des of Canaria the IlaÌ„â— of Domâ—nicaâ— Insulae Crucis Lisertes Houses of treesâ— Younge men stalleâ— to be made fatte Fiâ—e coâ—eâ—pe Canibales allured with lyâ—beralâ—teâ— Matinina An IlaÌ„d of womeÌ„ onelye The names of sundrye Ilandes arrowes infected w t venime Archipelogus Buchema Change of ayre is daungerous the king dissembleth w t the Admyrall Golde found in riuers mouÌ„taines the Ilandes of Cuba and Iamiaca A multitude of Ilandes The crueltie of the Christian meÌ„ Crueltie of coueâ—ousnes Bread of rotes The tribute of the barbarians
DisobedieÌ„ce â—oloweth Idlenes Note Bartholomeus ColuÌ„bus The bisshop of rome deuideth y e world hesperides or Caput uâ—ride How the Spanyardes y â— Portugales deuided the world betwene them Golde Pearles The Equinoctial lyâ—e The ryuer of Ganges Calicut Taprobana Samotra the great cyâ—ie of Malaccha the regioÌ„ of â—inaruÌ„ the Ilandes of Molucca Sayling into the East by the west the roâ—Ì„dâ—es of â—he erth The firme land Spiceâ— the viâ—ge from the West in to the Easte America The firme land Regio Baccalearum Terra Florida the king oâ— spayâ— sendeth foorth shippes The viage of Magellanus by the west into y e east The IlaÌ„des of Molucca The Ilâ—des of câ—naria Promontorium s. Marie Canibales The eleuacioÌ„ of the south pole 46 degrees The Region of giauÌ„tes Cotages couered w t beastes skiâ—nes Onager AbuÌ„dauÌ„ce of sâ—owe wynde The GiauÌ„tes ar putte to â—â—yght extreme winter in maye â—he south pole eleuate .xl. degrees The â—â—rayght of Magelâ—anus The altitude of the south pole liâ— degrees â—he main sea beyond the strayghtes The fyrme land The burning line Torrida Zona â— The IlaÌ„des of Molucca Tropicus capricorni the IlaÌ„d of Inuagana The IlaÌ„des of Gades called Cales Males Archipelagus Acatan Selani â—assana Sâ—buth Bread of the truÌ„ke of trees Drinke of the droppiÌ„g of date â—â—â—es Golde Ginger Magellanus is slayne the new captaiâ—e Serranus is betraied of his bondmaÌ„ the king of Subuth coÌ„spyreth agaynst the Spanyardes The captayne Serranus is takeÌ„ prisoner The Ilâ—des of Gibeth Porne Siloli Peace Idleneâ—â— Bread of Rice CaÌ„phire Pearles as bigge as turtle doues eggesâ— A maruelous biâ— shelfishâ— Gilona Men w t hanging eares The spâ—nyardes arriue aâ— the Ilandes of Molucca The tree that beaâ—eth cloâ—es the cinomome tree The nutmeg tree Mace The nutmegge Ginger Promon â— torium bonâ— spâ—â— ColuÌ„bus the admâ—ral fyrst finder of the new Ilandeâ— the Ilandes of Medera Hispana or Hispaniola Greate heate vnder the burning lyne Signes pointing â—he faire â—egioÌ„ of Parias Golde Pearles â—earse â—eaâ—tâ—s Canibales the Spanyardes refuse to obey the admiral Parias Curtana Pearles forbelles nedles Peacockes PhesaÌ„ts The Region of CaÌ„chietes The region of Ciniana Pearleâ— Naked people Gold for belles A coÌ„flict betwene the wild men and the Spaniardes The Region of Payra woodes of Saâ—ders The tree y â— beareth Cassia fistulae A moÌ„sterous beastâ— FerdinaÌ„do kinge of castile Insulae fortunate Naked menne Wylde men allured with geÌ„tlenes People expert iâ— swimminge Cabens hanging betwene treeâ— Womâ—â— in coÌ„mâ— Womâ—â— very stroÌ„ge and fruitfulâ— Hoâ—ses made of trees Houses of maruelous bignes Ryches superfluities coÌ„teÌ„ned Bread of a certain roote Mans â—lesh eateÌ„ A coÌ„flict A gentle nacion Parias Fruites vnlike vnto oures Gold euery whereâ— Canibales An expedicion agaynst y e Canibalâ—â— the Equinoctial line Canibales fyue hundreth pearles for one bell Wine of the iuyse oâ— frâ—tes An IlaÌ„d wythout fresh water Broade â—â—aues The laÌ„d of Giaunteâ— Pearles A hundreth xxx pearles in one shelfishe Antiglia Calicium The sea AtlaÌ„tike Threâ— of the Spanyardes slayne eaten Fearse cruâ—ll women A ciuilâ— people the soutâ— pole eleuate â—â— degrees lisburne the IlaÌ„d of melcha Calicut Insulae uerides A shippe wracke Liserteâ— and Sâ—rpeÌ„ts the Portugales bilâ—â—ortes in the East partes AlphoÌ„sus Aureâ— chersonesus the great ryche cytie of Malachâ— SaraceÌ„s Malacha besieged the kiâ—â— fighteth on an â—lephaâ—t PleÌ„ty of copper MarchauÌ„tes Spyces the cytie of Goa The Ambassadors make a leage wyth AlphoÌ„sus the west Ilandes Cuba Iucatana Cozumella or Sancta Crux Hispana Suger presses The wood called GuaiacuÌ„ Medera or Madera Sawe milles Fayre treeâ— Sugeâ— Vynes the Ilandes of Canaria christiaÌ„s A mouÌ„t of burninge brimstone Fygges Libr. i. Capit. v. Eratosthenes Polibius Possidonius the Equinoctial linâ—â— the poet Homere Macrobius Albertus Magnus Ptolomeus Taprobana Ethiopes Tigris Euphrates Sinus Peâ—sicus The nearenes of the suÌ„ne Teperateâ—es vnder the Equinoctial Torrida zona Ethiopia Plinie the IlaÌ„d of meroae Syenes in Egipte The conuersioÌ„ of the suÌ„ue Of the furloÌ„geâ— of Italie viij doe make one ItalieÌ„ myle coÌ„teyning a. m pases Agisimba Montes Eanae Palâ—des Nili Ethiopes Anthropophagi Gabiâ—able regions how farre â—xtended Cliâ—â—