Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	great_a	king_n	time_n	14,389	5	3.4431	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B23787	China and France, or, Two treatises the one, of the present state of China as to the government, customs, and manners of the inhabitants thereof ... from the observation of two Jesuites lately returned from that country, written and published by the French Kings cosmographer and now Englished : the other, containing the most remarkable passages of the reign and life of the present French King, Lewis the Fourteenth, and of the valour of our English in his armies.	Magalotti, Lorenzo, conte, 1637-1712. Viaggio del P. Giovanni Grueber tornando per terea da China in Europa. English.; Grueber, Johann, 1623-1680.; Orville, Albert, comte d', 1621-1662.; Thévenot, M. (Melchisédech), 1620?-1692.	1676 (1676)	Wing G2163	63,324	224

case every one should refuse to die and none would be willing to wait upon the Princes Soul they force such as he took most delight in and his dearest servants to depart and follow after him I inquired next in what did the Kings Revenue cheifly consist He informed us that the Fields and Countrey did properly belong to the Peasants who out of the increase of their Fruits pay about the tenth part to the King and another part to the Mandarins that is to say to the Gentlemen that dwell in the Castles for they are the Lords of their adjacent Fields This Revenue that belongs to the Crown is very great there is another that proceeds from all the Cattle of the Kingdom out of which a tribute is gathered Besides there are great Customs upon Cattons and Rice transported and several Mines in the Province of Tunan which signifies a Southerly Cloud These Mines yield plenty of Gold Saphirs Emeralds and all manner of precious Stones that inrich the Neighboring Kingdom of Pegu. There is also an unknown quantity of Silver brought out of these Cities Quangh-ceu Canton and Nanquin which are the cheif Mart Towns of all the Kingdom We asked him if the King did often shew himself publickly in the City And how many Inhabitants may be in Pekin He told us that he was wont to cause the Soldiers of his Guard to be drawn up in Battalia and exercise once every moneth where he did commonly appear to cause them to shoot at a mark in the Meadows belonging to the City between the Walls that incompass it for it is surrounded three times about the uttermost Wall is the lowest the two others are higher the nearer they are to the middle of the Town The Ditches are deep and full of Water about the City there are many pleasant Meadows In one of them a great Statue of Wood is erected against which the King appoints his Soldiers to shoot either with Bow and Arrows or with Powder and Shot one is to hit the Hand another the Head a third the Brest If the Soldier misseth the first time he hath liberty to try the second and the third if he fails all three without touching his mark he receives a great many bastinadoes for his reward and is disbanded as unworthy of his Kings service In the whole City of Pekin there cannot be less then a Million of Inhabitants some say that there have been heretofore Nine millions But that is not credible for the City is not so extraordinary large and their Buildings are but of one story high We desired to know how they did cover their dwellings He informed us that they did cover them with Tiles the Countrey Houses have no other covering The Tiles of the Kings Pallace are of various colours of yellow and marble very pleasant and beautiful when they are looked upon at a distance When the Sun shines upon them they appear as if they were all of Gold We inquired what Religion the Chineses did profess He answered that they did profess Idolatry that they were all Idolaters in their hearts worshiping several Idols in private But i● we consider only their outward profession there are three differing Sects The first is of the Learned that profess to worship a superior Being named in their Language Sciax-ti These two words are engraven upon Tables of Gold hung up in their Temples unto them they offer Sacrifice by burning before them Paper gilded with Gold or Silver together with some small round Balls made with Storax and Frankincense But although they make profession of this Religion which appears more plausible then the rest it is only outwardly that they might be distinguished from the Bonzi a sort of men come out of China into India extreamly superstitious exceeding all others in Idolatry and fond Conceits at first they were in some good repute amongst the Chineses as it commonly happens when any new Sect appears that is not known The Doctrine which they published of the Transmigration of Souls which is not altogether like that of Pythagoras got them the peoples esteem and procured them the envy of the Learned So that they in time opposed the progress of this new Sect more out of displeasure against it then out of love for their antient Religion Therefore they have so well published and established the worship of their Sciax-ti that the Religion of the Bonzi is out of fashion and date and hath lost all its credit and they themselves are looked upon no better then cheats Now all over China there is no kind of people more exclaimed against and decided nor is there any Profession more ridiculous then that A man of credit scorns to exchange a word with them in publick or to be in their company unless it be in such occasions as are not to be avoided as in Funerals publick Sacrifices Processions where these Idolatrous Priests are mercenary and hired to attend The Nobility cause them to go in Procession in nuptial Solemnities at the birth of their Children and such like times Their Processions are preceded by several Instruments of Musick and attended with Banners and displayed Ensigns which they carry about their Idols whose praises they sing in Songs and Hymns and to whom they burn Paper and Frankincense The second Sect is the most numerous for it consists of the Citizens of the Nobility of the People and Peasants in a word of all manner of People These pay their Devotions to the Souls of their Ancestors unto whom they Sacrifice continually in their Temples and in their private Houses by burning Paper and Frankincense All over the Countrey this is the ordinary Sacrifice which is offered to the good and evil spirits every morning before they go out of their doors The third Sect is that of the Bonzi who are most abominably superstitious We inquired what the Chineses did believe of Mans estate after Death They believe answered he that we shall be all happy that we shall be inriched with more wisdom and delighted with more pleasure then in this life but they proceed no further to particularise how these advantages shall happen to Men. The Soul they believe to be immortal But replied Monsieur Dati if they believe that all shall be happy in another World how comes it to pass that they are not thereby encouraged to indulge themselves in all manner of Vices Nothing hinders answered the Father but the fear of present punishment Yet they have some light perswasions of Hell where the Souls of the wicked shall be tormented but they have found a way to get them out of those Tortures You must know that at Pekin and in every considerable Town there is a great Temple erected unto which above three hundred little Chappels belong every Trade hath one appertaining to it and not only the Trades but also every order and rank of Men from the Magistrate to the Beggar Now their perswasion is that the Spirit that is to vex the Soul of

Justice and Wisdom that are reported of him It hapned when I was at Lahor a Prince caused the Groom of his Stables to be killed in a very barbarous manner his head to be struck through with a large Nail for a small fault for not having tended and dressed his beloved Horse as he should have done When the Emperor was sitting in the Seat of Judicature which he constantly doth every moneth in a day appointed for that purpose in a great Meadow out of the Royal City the Grooms or Farrier Wife made her complaints of the cruel massacre of her Husband the Great Mogol sent immediately for the Prince and asked him If it were so as the Woman said He confessed his crime Therefore the Mogol caused him to be stretched upon the Ground and commanded the Woman or the Farriers Widow to deal with him in the same manner as he had dealt with her deceased husband There are many other reports concerning the Justice and Wisdom of this Prince He governs his Kingdom very well and causeth Justice to be administred only to ingratiate himself with his Subjects and prevent the tumults which they might otherwise be tempted to raise because of the cruel detention of his aged Father for which unnatural deed he knows that he is hated He is about forty years old it may be when his Father shall be dead he will loose his present Moderation and his forced Inclinations now imprisoned by the considerations of Safety and Interest may burst out and discover themselves In this manner Father Grueber answered to our Questions we had a great desire to inquire of other Matters concerning that remote Countrey but in regard our conversation had lasted many hours and that much of the night had been spent in this pleasing discourse we thanked him for his great civility and withdrew to our Lodgings Observations of the Travels of Father J. Grueber taken out of the Letters which he hath written in Latine to Kircherus IN the Year One thousand six hundred sixty one in the Moneth of June these Fathers travelled out of Pekin and in thirty days they arrived at Siganfú and from thence they went to Sining or Siningfu in as many more having twice passed the River Hoang This City of Sining or Siningfu is a great City full of Inhabitants scituate near the prodigious Wall of China through its Gates all Merchants and Passengers out of India must pass to enter into Cathaia or China and where they must rest until they have got from the King a Passport to proceed further This City is in Thirty six Degrees and ten Minutes from the Pole From Sining they went in three Moneths time through Kalmuck a Wilderness of Tartaria to the Borders of the Kingdom of Lassa which the Tartars call Barantola This Wilderness is in some places Mountainous in others plain full of Sand and Gravel and therefore is barre● and unfruitful Nevertheless Nature hath allowed some few Rivers to water it upon their Banks there is very good Grass for Cattle Th●● Desart stretches it self from t●● Southern part of India to t●● Northern and is so large that n●ver any body yet that I could find did ever survey its bounds som● think that it reacheth as far as th● Frozen Seas It hath many name● P. Marcus Venetus names it the Desart of Lop famous for the ordinar● apparitions of Devils and Spirits 〈◊〉 but the Fathers of our Society mak● no mention of it although these Spirits have oftentimes discovered themselves He does not approve of their continuance and constant appearing to all The Tartars did antiently call it Belgian afterwards Somo the Chineses Kalmuck others Caracathai that is to say Black Cathaia where no Animal is to be seen but wilde Beeves of an extraordinary bigness The Tartars that are used to the Desarts venture through at any time and when they come to the Rivers that afford any feeding for ●heir Cattel there they commonly pitch their Tents capacious enough to shelter Man and Beast From Lassa otherwise named Barantola situate in twenty nine degrees and six minutes from the Pole they came in four days to the Foot of the Mountain Langur This Mountain is one of the highest of the World so that when Travellers pass over its top they can scarce draw their breath because of the subtilty of the Air. The breath of several venomous Herbs render a passage this way in Summer to be very dangerous to our health This Mountain is so full of grievous Precipices and steep Rocks that neither Cart nor Horse can pass over it therefore all Passengers are force● to march a foot for a moneths time● till they come to Cuth the firs● Town of the Kingdom of Nekbal upon the Borders Although this Region is so mountainous and difficult to pass ove● Nature hath furnished it with several Springs of hot and of cold Water that burst out of the Concavities Here is in some places plenty of Fish for Men and Grass for Cattel I think this is the Hilly Region which Ptolomy saith that it lies under the Mount Caucasus and stretcheth it self a great way into the East Countrey and then divides into ranks of Hills the one tends to the North the other to the South He calls it Parapanismus and P. Marcus Venetus Belor Other Nations do give other names to these Hills that border upon their several Countreys From Cuth in five days journey they came to the City Nesti belonging to the Kingdom of Nekbal where the Inhabitants live in a most grievous Idolatry without the least knowledge of Christianity This place abounds in all manner of things necessary for the life of Man so that you may have thirty or forty Hens for a crown From Nesti they travelled in six days to the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Nekbal called Cadmendu lying in twenty seven degrees and five minutes from the Pole The King is a great Prince and a Heathen but no Enemy to Christianity From Cadmendu in half a day they went to Nekbal the cheif City of the Kingdom which is called also Baddan and from thence in five days they arrived at the City Hedonda belonging to the Kingdom of Maranga situate in twenty six degrees and thiry six minutes from the Pole From thence in eight days Travellers go to Mutgari the first City upon the confines of the Kingdom of Mogol From Mutgari they went to Battana a Town of the Kingdom of Bengala situate upon the River Ganges in twenty five degrees and forty four minutes From Battana in eight days they came to Benares a populous Town near the River Ganges lying in twenty four degrees and fifty minutes It is a noted place for there are the Schools of the Brachmans where all the Sciences professed in those Countreys are taught and with them the most abominable Superstitions From Benares there are eight days journey to Catampor and from thence to Agra seven more From Pekin to Agra Men go in 214 days But when they go

assaulted Gravelin but could not recover it in a Moneth for the Garrison was strong and resolute Many brave Actions hapned in this attempt the besiegers and besieged behaved themselves very gallantly at last they capitulated upon honorable terms the Eight and twentieth of August In the interim the Dukes of Modena and Navailes took Mortera for the French This first hath always been devoted to the Crown of France The Spaniard endeavored to take from the French some little places which they recovered but it is certain that the Spaniard was the greater looser Therefore the Princes of the Empire assembled together to consult about the chusing of another Emperor at Franckfort sent to desire his Majesty of France to hearken to an Accommodation The King of Spain Philip the Fourth had caused some Overtures of Peace to be made by the Popes Mediation The French Court entertained them willingly upon condition of a match between the young King and the Infanta of Spain When the King was at Lions an Envoy came to him from Madrid about this Negotiation The Cardinal had orders to have a private Conference with him to make way for the Ambassadors de Lionne and Pimentel The first was dispatched away to Madrid the second went to Paris They dealt so effectually that all Differences were composed Articles were concluded and the great breach was made up to the satisfaction of both Princes and Kingdoms The Queen-Mother was not a little useful in this business for when the Cardinal did seem to put in some Demurs she declared That the Peace should be made without him for that she was resolved that her Son should match with one of her own Kinred The Kings indisposition had almost ruined this Affair for he fell dangerously sick but he recovered after a few days distemper Afterwards he made a progress into the farthest confines of his Kingdom for there had been some discontents and disorders about Lions Burgundy and Provence which could not be terminated without his coming When he was at Lions the Duke of Savoy came to wait upon him This Prince is so near a Neighbor to France that he is forced to keep his friendship for fear of loosing his Principality which hath been several times in great danger to be swallowed up by this great Monarch at the least distaste In the mean time the Spanish gravity was very slow in concluding the Peace that Court trifled away the time in Consultations and Meetings whilest the Spring of the next year 1659. was coming on apace Which caused the King to give order for new levies of Soldiers to appoint Generals and Commanders as if he had intended to prosecute the War as vigorously as before This made the Spaniard desire a Truce of four Moneths from the eighth of March to the third of July which was granted the King That it should continue till his Declaration to the contrary ordered In order to a Peace Mazarin went to Bayonne and Don Louïs d' Aro de Gusman came to S. Sebastians to treat more commodiously These two Plenipotentiaries at last concluded and signed the Articles the seventh of November next ensuing The Inhabitants of S. Sebastian of S. John de Luz and of the Neighboring Cities declared their satisfaction and joy by Bonefires and other publick signs Whilst the business was in debate the French Court was at Bourdeaux and Tholouse that it might be sooner consulted in all difficult Matters After the conclusion of the Treaty the French King sent a Procuration to Don Louïs d' Aro to espouse the Infanta of Spain in his name The Marriage was performed in Fontarabia in the presence of the Court of Spain the third day of June The two Kings met in the Isle of Conference scituate between both Kingdoms where the young Queen was delivered to her Husband and both Kings swore to keep and confirmed to one another the Treaty of Peace After this interview they separated the French King and Queen was received at S. John de Luz with much pomp and Joy and in their journey to Paris every good City in their way expressed their extraordinary satisfaction for the Marriage and Peace between the two Kingdoms But their Reception at Paris was one of the most glorious Ceremonies the most splendid Triumph of our Age. The young Queen was carried in an open Charriot shining with all the riches of the East and West Indies she was attended upon by the whole Court in their greatest splendor and glory The People the Clergy and the Nobility did welcome her with such expressions of joy that they are not credible In the beginning of the next year 1661. on the nineth of March the great Minister of State Cardinal Mazarin paid his last debt to Nature having by his policy raised himself and family from a low beginning to the greatest honors in France The Court was pleased to Mourn for him but they quickly cast off their sad attire when Monsieur of France resolved to marry with the Princess of England A Lady very well accomplished in Beauty and Vertue The publick ceremony was performed on the One and thirtieth of March. There hapned nothing remarkable this year till the latter end The first day of November the Dauphin of France was born to the great joy of all that Kingdom Monsieur de Montausier was appointed to be his Governor One thousand six hundred sixty and two the King made Seventy two Knights of the Order of the S. Esprit all Persons of the greatest Nobility and approved valor In the same year there hapned a difference between the Ambassadors of Spain and France about precedency in the City of London The Spaniards were prepared to receive the French so that the tumult was great and some Bloodshed on both sides The French sent their Complaints to Madrid the King gave them satisfaction and forbad all his Ambassadors for the future to appear in any publick solemnity with the Ambassadors of France for they claim a precedency in all Courts of Europe unless it be in Vienna where the House of Austria are Lords The King of Spain preferred in this occasion the Peace and Quiet of his Kingdoms to this odd Punctilio of Honor. This year was spent in Sports and publick Divertisements of the Gentry and Nobility at court till the Moneth of November Then the French Ambassador in England had Orders to demand the restitution of Dunkirk to the French for a sum of Money according to their pretended Agreement with Cromwel It was generally supposed by the wisest in France that the English would never part with a place so well fortified by their late industry purchased with the Blood of many of their bravest Men that took it and so handy and commodious to them both in Peace and War and that therefore there would be a dispute between the two Nations for the recovery of it But it hapned otherwise to the Universal Sorrow of all our people Dunkirke was surrendered and the French King made

no faster then the Carravans they are fourteen moneths in their journey This Relation I had from the Fathers of our Society who gave me this account of their Journeys These Kingdoms were never known by any in Europe before nor to the Geographers In their passage they took notice of many particulars concerning the Customs and Manners of the several Inhabitants From Pekin the Imperial City of China they travelled in two moneths to the famous Walls of that Countrey where the great City Siningfu is situate as a strong Bulwark against the Tartars invasions They took great notice of the Walls that are as strongly built as the conveniencies of that place will afford This Wall is so large that six Horsmen may ride upon it in a brest without hindering one another They are often visited by the Inhabitants of Siningfú to receive the benefit of the fresh Air which comes off from the Sandy Mountains of the Neighboring Desart and to exercise themselves in walking and delighting their eyes with the pleasant Prospects for they are so high that they discover the Countrey round about and invite the Citizens to take a view of the delightful objects that appear before them There is a very easie ascent up to this high Wall It s length from this City to the other Gate by which Men come out of the Desarts into the Town of Sucien is about eighteen days journey many out of curiosity as well as out of necessity of business undertake this journey For that purpose they get a Passport from the Governor of Siningfú and provide themselves with sufficient victuals They say that in this delightful pilgrimage they may see an infinite number of dwellings in their way in the China side which they discover as from a high Mountain but on the other side towards the great and spacious Wilderness as the Inhabitants have told them there are all manner of wilde Beasts to be seen Tigers Lions Elephants Rhinocerots Leopards Wilde Bulls Monocerots this last sort are a kind of Asses with Horns in their Fronts The beholders may from hence without fear of danger please themselves with many strange and unusual sights of furious Beasts especially from that part of the Wall that is towards the South in the most inhabited places near to Quamsi Junnam and Tibet From hence to the Yellow River in the Countrey adjoyning to the Wall the wild Beasts hunt together in Companies to seek for food in these places that are full of Brambles and Bushes When the Fathers of our Society were gone out of this prodigious Wall into the Neighboring Wilderness they found a small Stream of Water full of Fish whereof they dressed a great quantity in their Tent and kep some for another time When they were passed over the Yellow River which runs out of the Wall they entered into that vast Desart of Kalmak full of unfruitful Mountains and Fields most dreadful to behold and in three moneths they arrived at the Kingdom of Barantola Although this Wilderness be so solitary and uninhabitable it is frequented by the Tartars of Kalmuk at certain times of the year when the Grass appears upon the sides of the Rivers then they transport their Portable Houses or Tents and pitch them in such numbers together that any man would judge every company to be a City These Tartars take the liberty to march up and down and plunder all that they can meet with therefore it is necessary to be well armed against the violences of these Rogues and to travel with a good Caravan Our Fathers did often light upon several scattered companies of them as they travelled through this Wilderness The Lamae who are the Priests of these Tartars of Kalmak are distinguishable by a Red Hat a White Gown twisted behind a Red Girdle and a Yellow Tunick At their Girdle there is a Purse that is fastned to it They say that the Tartars of Kalmak are cloathed with Skins and a Yellow Cap their Women with Skins or with Green or Red Stuffs every one of them hath a Charm and Characters hung about their Necks to protect them from evil spirits and witchcraft They lodge in the innermost Room of the Tent made up with portable Staves but the outside is covered with a thick Wollen Cloath and tied with Ropes When their Lamae are at their Devotions their Bigots there present roul about a Wheel and handle it as a Scepter They have given the description of Han a deceased King of Tanguth whom they say had fourteen Sons and for his Goodness and Justice in governing his Kingdom the Inhabitants have honored him as a god in their Countrey fashion He is said to have been of a Tawny countenance he had a Beard of a Chesnut colour and Eyes like unto Dogs-eyes swelling out of his Head Tanguth is a large Kingdom of Tartaria these Father-Jesuites have travelled through a great part of it At that time in the Court of Dena King of Tanguth there was a Woman came from the Northern part of Tartary that wore twisted Hair in the manner of Ropes her Head was adorned with Sea-shells and her middle bound about with a Girdle In the same place some of the Courtiers were habited as Women only their Cloaths were of a Red colour as their Priests Into these Kingdoms of Tanguth and Barantola the Devils subtilty hath brought in a most abominable and horrid custom They chuse a strong youth stout and lusty and give him liberty at certain times of the year to kill with the weapons that he hath for that purpose Men Women and Children that he meets in his way and when they are killed in this manner they imagine that they are consecrated to their goddess Menipe that they are in a most happy estate and therefore the living render to their memories particular honors The youth is cloathed with a Garment of several colours he is furnished with a Sword with Bow Arrows and a Quiver he carries sometimes a Banner At a certain season he is transported with Fury and possessed by the Spirit unto whom he is consecrated he flies into the Streets and rambles up and down all that he meets he kills for none dare make him any resistance This youth they call in their Tongue Buth which word signifies a Slayer Whiles the Fathers were there they had a sight of him habited in that manner as he is already described In this large Kingdom of Tanguth there are many Kingdoms included first Barantola which is also called Lassa the name of the Metropolis of that Kingdom It hath a King of its own miserably addicted to Paganism He worships many Heathen Idols amongst whom Menipe is one of the cheif It s head riseth up as a Sugar-loaf in a monstrous manner Kircherus hath promised to publish a discourse more at large of this and other Idols of China Before this Idol these people perform their Sacrifices with strange gestures often repeating this exclamation O Manipe mi hum ô Manipe

Turenne la Ferté and Hocquincourt had orders to hazard all rather then to suffer this great City to fall into their hands When they had called a Council of War they resolved to attack the Lines and Trenches which they did with much resolution in the night the 24 and 25 days of August Hocquincourt entered first into the Enemies Camp through the Troops of the Duke of Lorraine but he was beaten back with a great slaughter of his Men the other Commanders relieved and seconded him So that at last the Spaniard was forced to leave his Trenches with some loss of Men of Ammunition and Baggage For the Governor of the Town sallied out at the same time and received so much assistance that the Enemy despaired of being able to gain the Walls The Spanish General preserved his Army by a seasonable retreat which was managed with that prudence and courage that he hath worthily deserved the admiration of his Enemies The King went to visit his Camp and Army immediately after this Siege was raised to encourage and reward his brave Soldiers In Catalonia also the Prince of Conti had some success in taking Conflans and Cerdagne from the Spaniard About the beginning of the Spring 1655. Landrecy Maubeuge Condé and St. Guilham submitted themselves again to the French Monarchy Thus these small places were often taken and retaken by the Armies of Spain and France At every advantage in the Field these weaker Towns of no resistance were forced for their preservation to prefer their Safety to their Loyalty and to side with the strongest party In this year there was a League Offensive and Defensive made between Cromwel and Mazarin against Spain upon conditions disgraceful to the King and Court of France Monsieur Bourdeaux sollicited his Masters Affairs so notably that he got that Arch-Rebel to send over in the beginning of the Spring 1656. an Army of stout Soldiers commanded by Reynolds For although France abounds in Men it is wont to make use of the valor of its Neighbors in all Wars against strangers For it hath been found by experience that the French are good for the first Onset but cannot abide nor weather so many discouragements as the English Scotch and Switzers can in War besides their Foot are not to be compared to ours Therefore they may ascribe their most difficult Conquests to their Money and to the English Scotch Irish and Switzers valor as we shall see in several late Encounters with the Hollanders and Imperialists The year 1656. was noted for the remarkable Siege of Valanciennes where the French received an overthrow and were forced to quit the place but afterwards they took Cappelle and Valencia in Italy In the beginning of the Campagne 1657. Montmedy was besieged by la Ferté the King himself went thither after that the Succors which were intended for a relief were happily routed Afterwards the City yielded to his Majesty and opened its Gates to receive him on the seventh of August St. Venant Bourbourg and the Fort of Mardike also were taken by Turenne Our English served him in good stead in the recovering of these places especially in storming of Mardike The attempt was not esteemed feasable by the French General who had a design rather to besiege it then to win it by an Assault But our English Commanders undertook this perillous attempt Sir Tho. Morgan now Governor of Jersey lead his Party with so much courage and resolution that they recovered the top of the Walls in an instant passing through showers of shot and fire to the great astonishment of the rest of the Army This Gentleman hath purchased to himself the name and honor of one of the bravest Soldiers of Europe And when the Spaniard ventured in the night to surprise this Fort again the English saved it beat back the Spaniard and obliged them to a speedy retreat to Dunkirk After this Turenne was employed with a Flying Party to raise the Siege of Ardres which he did with so much bravery that the Spaniard received there a considerable loss But all these Conquests were inconsiderable to those of the next year 1658. Turenne and La Ferté were the two Generals of the French and after the death of Reynolds drowned near Goodwin Sands in a small Boat in which he ventured to pass from Mardike into England my Lord Lockart then Ambassador at Paris took the charge of the English Forces The Army was commanded to besiege Dunkirk for it had been agreed between England and France that this place should be put into the English hands It was surrounded the Twenty fifth of May which when the Marquess of Leda had notice of he shut himself in with a strong Garrison resolving to defend it or die there The Siege was carried on very resolutely the English and French Armies made their approaches on a sudden so that the fear of loosing this strong place caused the Archduke to endeavor to raise the Siege by assaulting them in their Trenches Turenne confided in his own strength therefore when he heard of the Enemies approach he marched bravely out of his Camp to meet the Archduke the victory declared for the French In this encounter it was the unhappiness of the English to fight with their own Countrey-men In the Spanish Army the Noble and Couragious Duke of York a Prince of an invincible resolution was entertained by the Spaniard as one of the best Commanders of that Army That wise Nation as well knowing in Men as in Affairs would not suffer so great a Courage idle in time of War If I might have the liberty in this succinct Narration I could give an account of the most heroick actions of his Royal Highness insomuch that Turenne and the other Generals have often confessed him to be the ablest and most skilful Commander of the World His Courage and Wisdom had not that success that could have been expected at this time for the English Regiments under my Lord Lockart especially that of Colonel Alsop beat back the Spaniards and pursued them over the Sandy Hills with a great slaughter This victory was due cheifly to the courage of the English the fifteenth of June 1658. After the Retreat of the Spaniards the French Army returned to the Siege where the Marquess of Leda was killed with a Bullet After his death the Town began to listen to terms of Surrendring which were agreed on the Two and twentieth of June The King entered into the City to take possession of it afterwards he delivered it up to my Lord Lockart for the use of the English whose Blood and Valor had got it from the Enemy Bergues Furnes and Dixmuyde yielded also to the Kings Summons so did Oudenard Ypres staid for a Siege and when the Prince of Ligny had gathered the Relicks of the Dispersed Army beaten before Dunkirk he labored to raise it but was beaten off with loss by Turenne who took afterwards Menein and many other small Castles At that time La Ferté

belonging to the Crown of Spain he was glad that His Majesty of England would let him alone and not intermeddle in this Affair The pretence to colour the invasion was that some Articles of the Treaty of Marriage were not performed by the Court of Spain The King by his Ambassador at Madrid acquainted them with his demands but they neglected to give him satisfaction this caused him to publish his Manifesto to justifie the seisure of those Lands and Towns which he said belonged to the Queen by agreement at her Marriage At the end of May 1667. he entered into Flanders with about Thirty thousand Men well furnished The first Garrisons were forsaken as Armantiers La Bassée Condé and S. Guilhain Bergnes and Furnes were yielded up to the Mareschal d' Aumont The King commanded Charleroy to be rebuilt and fortified that it might serve as a Bulwark against Flanders Tournay was besieged and assaulted but could not stop the impetuous torrent of the French that carried at this time all before them Douay waited for their coming its Governor had the meen to stop the French progress But upon his Majesties Summons he obeyed and sent him the Keys Courtray was taken in four days Oudenard and Alost were quickly frighted into a compliance with the French Lille was the next Garrison that had the unhappiness to be in the French Kings way The Governor of this place had the reputation of a brave Commander he had under him 800 Horse and 4000 Foot in Garrison and was resolved to defend it Therefore the King came before it with his whole Army laid siege to it and after a very stout resistance obliged the renowned Governor to save the rest of his men by yielding up the Town upon honorable terms The King made his entry on the Eight and twentieth day of August One thousand six hundred sixty and seven During the siege the Spanish Commanders had raised a small Army with an intent to Assault the French before Lille Marcin was at the Head of these Troops in his march when Crequy Rouvray Lillebonne and Bellefonds met with his Cavalry in two several Rencounters and broke his design For these Captains had so disordered his Men and scared them that they could not be perswaded to attempt upon the French again without more assistance After this Campagne the King went to Paris and in the first appearance of the Spring One thousand six hundred sixty and eight he gave order to his Armies to march towards the Franche Comte The Prince had the command of this expedition but when the Inhabitants understood it they sent to his Majesties Deputies to treat of yielding to him to prevent the spoils of an Army Whilest the Deputies delayed the Prince with his Army being ready went streight to Besanzon where he encamped On the sixth of February it was surrendered into his hands some other Towns were taken without resistance and Salines was seised upon suddenly At that time his Majesty was come to his Army which he caused to draw near to Dole a place well fortified and furnished with Men and Cannon which caused the Inhabitants to stand upon their Guards and think of a resistance but when they saw that the French had possessed all the Outworks in one night and lodged themselves under their Counterscarpe they accepted of his Majesties offers and sent him the Keys of their City All these places were taken in twelve days to the great astonishment of all Neighboring People There had been some overtures of Peace made the year before To prevent the conclusion of them the King appeared with his Army this year so early in the Field for the Dutch had threatned him by their Ambassador to joyn with the Spaniard if he would not hearken to an accommodation This Speech together with the Resolution of his Neighbors of rising up in Arms against him brought forth the Treaty of Aix la Chappelle Unto which place Colbert was sent as an Extraordinary Ambassador to meet with the Ministers of the Mediating Princes It was signed the sixth of May and sent to be published at Paris and Brussels but the French King was mightily offended at the Dutch who had forced him against his will to this conclusion of Peace therefore in due time he was resolved to find an occasion to punish them for their sauciness In the mean while the Nobility and Gallants of France that had prepared their equipages for the next Campagne when they saw themselves disappointed by a hasty Peace resolved to venture abroad in Foreign service Fame had told them of the long Siege of Candy by the Turks and that these Infidels did daily win upon the besieged by their numbers therefore the greatest Zealots of them resolved to hazard their persons for the releif of that noble City belonging to the Venetians The Duke de Roannez the Count of St. Paul the Duke de Chateau-Thierry the Chevalier de Harcour with many other brave Adventurers voluntarily ingaged themselves in this expedition It is certain that they behaved themselves with all the gallantry that could be expected At their return they acquainted the King with the condition of the place and the strength of the Turks This perswaded his Majesty together with the Sollicitations of the Venetians to send over thither the Dukes of Beaufort and Navailles with about 10000 Men to see whether they could raise the siege All the World expected a Success answerable to the French courage At their first sallying out upon the Turks they beat all down before them but when the Turks saw their vigor abate they charged furiously upon them and routed them forcing them back into the City Walls Beaufort himself was lost and killed as it is supposed in the rout but his body could not be found afterwards He was much to be blamed for venturing his person and the honor of his Prince amongst the meanest Soldiers for Commanders of his rank and quality are to be mindful that the safety of the whole Army depends upon the preservation of their lives They are never to hazard themselves in the Front of a Battle but when their presence is necessary to give courage to their fainting Soldiers or to add more vigor to them when the victory is almost in their hands After the defeat of the French the besieged City was yielded up to the Turks General upon very favorable condition The King had intelligence about the end of the year 1669. that the Duke of Lorraine did endeavor to stir up the Emperor and King of Spain against him This caused him to send the Mareschal de Crequy with an Army of 18000 Men into Lorraine to take in that Countrey The Duke seised upon Pont a Mousson and pulled down the Walls Epinal and Chaté held out a litteè but they were at last Surrendered up into his hands and the old Duke was driven out of all his Principality This year 1670. the King visited his new conquered Towns in the Low Countreys repairèd