Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	great_a	king_n	time_n	14,389	5	3.4431	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57589	Sir Walter Raleigh's Sceptick, or speculations and Observations of the magnificency and opulency of cities, his Seat of government, and letters to the Kings Majestie, and others of qualitie : also, his demeanor before his execution.; Sceptick	Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.; James I, King of England, 1566-1625.	1651 (1651)	Wing R186A; ESTC R9285	29,117	153

as many people have need to repair thither for some natural commoditie or other of the Countrey which by traffick and transportation of cōmodities whereof they have more plentie than will supplie their own necessitie or for receiving of things whereof they have scarcitie And much better will it be if the place afford some notable commoditie of it self from whence other Nations may more readily and at better rate attain the same Likewise and withall be so fertil pleasant and healthfull of it self that it may afford plentie of good things for the delight and comfort of the inhabitants In former times great Nations Kings and Potentates have endured sharp conflicts and held it high Policie by all means to increase their Cities with multitudes of inhabitants And to this end the Romans ever furnished themselves with strength and power to make their neighbour-People of necessitie willing to draw themselves to Rome to dwell and overthrow their Towns and Villages of mean strength down to the ground So did they for this cause utterly destroy many Cities bringing always the vanquished Captives to Rome for the augmentation of that Citie Romulus after a mightie fight with the Sabynes condescended to Peace upon condition that Tacius their King should come with all their people to dwell at Rome Tacius did accept and made choice of the Capitol and the Mount Quirinalis for his seat and Pallace The same course held Tamberlain the Great whereby he enlarged the great Sarmacauda still bringing unto it the richest and wealthiest Citizens he had subdued And the Ottomans to make the Citie Constantinople rich and great brought to it many thousand Families especially Artificers out of the subdued Cities as Mahomet the Great from Trabizond Selim the First from Caïro and Soliman from Tauris Authoritie and necessitie without the consideration of the conveniencies and commodiousness of Scituation above mentioned are of small moment in the foundation of a Citie thereby onely it would be unlikely either to grow or continue in Magnificencie or Opulencie for if Profit Height and Delight go not companions therewith no authoritie or necessitie can retain much People or Wealth But if the place whereupon a Citie is to be founded be cōmodious for the aforesaid conveniences which help greatly for the felicitie of this life then no doubt the same is likely to draw much abundance of people and riches unto the same whereby it may by the help of Arts Industrie in time become magnificent and glorious Unto the good estate greatness and glorie of a Citie those things hereafter mentioned do greatly avail and are of much importance viz. Religion which is of such force and might to amplifie Cities and Dominions and of such attractive virtue to replenish the same with people and wealth and to hold them in due obedience as none can be more for without adoration of some Dietie no Common-wealth can subsist Witness Ierusalem Rome Constantinople and all other cities that have been famous for the profession of Religion or Divine worship And no marvel for there is not any thing in this world of more efficacie and force to allure and draw to it the hearts of Men than God which is the summum bonum He is carefully desired and continually sought for of all creatures for all regard Him as their last end and refuge Light things apply themselves upwards heavy things downwards the Heavens to Revolution the Herbs to flowers Trees to bear fruit Beasts to present their kind and Man in seeking his tranquilitie and everlasting glory But forasmuch as God is of so high a nature as the sence and understanding of Man cānot conceive it every man directly turns himself to that place where he leaves some print of his power or declares some sign of his assistance And to such persons whom he seemeth more especially to have revealed himself Academies and Schools of Learning with convenient immunities and priviledges for Scholars and means for Recreation for Delight are of great importance to enlarge and enrich a citie forasmuch as men long for honour and profit and of Arts and liberal sciences some bring certain wealth to men and some promotions and preferments to honourable functions for by this means not onely young men and those that are desirous of Learning and Virtue in the same Common-wealth will be retained in their own Countrey but also strangers will be drawn home to them And the more will this be available if occasion be given to Scholars and students to rise to degrees of Honour and preferment by their learned exercises and that by the Policie of the same citie good Wits be accounted of and rewarded well and that the same Academies Schools be stored with plentie of Doctours and learned men of great fame and reputation Courts of Justice with due execution of the same in a citie do much enable enlarge and enrich it for it fasteneth a great liking in a citie to virtuous men and such as be wealthie that therein they may be free and in safetie from the violence of the oppressions of covetous and wicked men and there will be rather resort thither to inhabit or traffick there as occasions may minister unto them And many others that have cause of suite will repair thither whereas they may be sure to find Judgement and Justice duely executed whereby the citie must needs be enlarged and enriched for our lives and a 〈…〉 ever we have are in th 〈…〉 ds of Justice so that if Justice be not administered amongst men in vain is there any societie and commerce or any other thing can be profitable or safe so much is love and charitie failed and iniquitie increased upon the face of the earth The excellencie and multitude likewise of Artificers exercising their manual arts and trades do marvellously increase and enrich a State whereof some are necessary some commodious for a civil life other some are of pomp and ornament and other some of delicacie and curiositie 〈…〉 reof doth follow co 〈…〉 se of people that labour and work and current money which doth enrich supply of Materials for labourers work-men buying selling transportation from place to place which doth imploy and increase the artificious and cunning parts of the wit of Man and this art and exquisitness of work-manship and skill is so powerfull herein that it far excels the simple commodities and materials that Nature produceth and is alone sufficient of it self to make a Citie or State both magnificent and glorious and the daily experience we have in these our days and in former times doth manifestly approve the same and make evident without all contradiction Some natural benefits that a Citie also may have for the excellencie of Art or work-manship of some special commodities above any other place either through the qualitie of the Water or other matter whatsoever or some hidden mysterie of the inhabitants in working thereof may be a great help for

the enlargement and enriching of a citie The command of a Countrie that affordeth some proper commoditie is of it self sufficient mightily to bring a Citie to great wealth and to advance it to great power and draweth thereby dependencie and concourse much advantagious also as well for the publick weal as the private person A Citie also may be Lord of much Merchandize and traffick by means of the commodious scituation to many Nations to whom it serveth and hath relation to as Ware-houses Roomth and Store-houses by reason whereof the nations adjoyning do use to resort thereunto to make their provisions of such things And this consisteth in the largeness of the Ports the fitness of the gulphs and creeks of the seas in the Navigable rivers and channels and the plain and safe ways that leadeth to the Citie or that come or turn by or near it Priviledge and freedom from Customs and exactions doth greatly increase the Trade and draw inhabitants to a citie whereby the same may become both rich and powerfull whereof the Marts and Fairs and Markets bear good witness which are frequented with great concourse of people Tradesmen and Merchants for no other respect but that they are there free and frank from Customs and exactions And the cities in Flanders are lively testimonies hereof where the Customs are very small By reason whereof all such as have erected new Cities in times past to draw concourse of people unto it have granted large immunities and priviledges at the least to the first inhabitants thereof The like have they done that have restored Cities emptied with Plague consumed with Wars or afflicted with Famin or some other scourge of God In respect whereof Freedom of Cities hath been often granted to such as would with their families inhabit there or would bring Corn and other necessaries for provision of victual The Romans to increase their Cities made the Towns that well deserved of them which they after called Municipia to be partakers of their franchises and priviledges The first means the Romans used to allure people to make their habitations rather in Rome than else where was the opening the Sanctuarie and giving libertie and freedom to all that would come unto them In respect whereof there flocked thither with their goods numbers of people that were either racked with exactions thrust out of their habitations or unsafe or unsure for their lives in their own Countreys for Religion sake The very same reason in a manner hath increased so much the citie of Geneva forasmuch as it hath offered entertainment to all commers out of France and Italie that have either forsaken or been exiled their Countreys for Religious sake Likewise triumphs goodly buildings battels on the water fights of sword-players hunting of wild beasts publick shows and sights plays solemnized with great pomp and preparation and many other such things do draw the curious people to a citie inspeakably which leaves behind them much treasure and for such cause will rather settle themselves to inhabit there than in other places This was also the devise of Rome in her infancie to enlarge her self The Causes that Concern the Magnificencie of a CITIE TO confirm a Citie in her Greatness Iustice Peace and Plentie are the undoubted means for Iustice assureth every man his own Peace causeth all Arts and negotiations whatsoever to flourish and Plentie of food and victual that sustaineth the life of Man with ease and much contentment To conclude All those things that cause the Greatness of a Citie are also fit to conserve the same Sir Walter Raleigh's Seat of GOVERNMENT That the Seat of Government is upheld by the two great pillars thereof viz. Civil Justice and Martial Policie which are framed out of Husbandrie Merchandize and Gentrie of this Kingdom THey say that the goodliest CEDARS which grow on the high mountains of Libanus thrust their roots between the clifts of hard Rocks the better to bear themselves against the strong storms that blow there As Nature hath instructed those kings of Trees so hath Reason taught the Kings of Men to root themselves in the hardie Hearts of their faithfull Subjects And as those kings of Trees have large Tops so have the Kings of Men large Crowns whereof as the first would soon be broken from their bodies were they not underborn by many branches so would the other easily tytter were they not fastened on their heads with the strong chains of Civil Iustice and Martial Discipline 1. For the administration of the first even God himself hath given direction Judges and Officers shalt thou make which shall judge the People with righteous judgement 2. The second is grounded on the first Laws of the world and nature that Force is to be repelled by Force Yea Moses in the 20 of Exodus and else where hath delivered us many Laws and Policies of War But as we have heard of the neglect and abuse in both so have we heard of the decline and ruine of many Kingdoms and States long before our days for that Policie hath never yet prevailed though it hath served for a short season where the counterfeit hath been sold for the natural and the outward shew and formalitie for the substance Of the Emperor Charls the Fourth the writers of that age witness that he used but the name of Iustice and good order being more learned in the Law than in doing right and that he had by far more knowledge than conscience Certainly the unjust Magistrate that fancieth to himself a sollid and untrasparable bodie of Gold every ordinarie wit can vitrifie and make trasparant pierce and discern their corruptions howsoever because not daring they cover their knowledge but in the mean while it is also true That constrained dissimulation either in the proud heart or in the oppressed either in publick estates or in private persons where the fear of God is not prevalent doth in all the leisure of her lurking but sharpen her teeth the voluntarie being no less base than the forced malitious Thus it fared between the Barons of England and their Kings between the Lords of Switzerland their people between the Sicilians and the French between the Dolphine and Iohn of Burgoign between Charls the Ninth and the French Protestants and between Henry the third his successor and the Lords of Guise and hereof in place of more particulars the whole world may serve for examples It is a difficult piece of Geographie to delineate and lay out the bounds of Authority but it is easie enough to conceive the best use of it and by which it hath maintained it self in lasting happiness it hath ever acquired more honour by perswading than by beating for as the bonds of Reason and Love are immortal so do all other chains or cords both rustie and rot Noble parts of their own Royal and Politick bodies But we will forbear for a while to stretch this first string of Civil Iustice for in respect of

to them good or bad but what they are in their own Nature they cannot tell If we will hearken to mens opinions concerning one and the same matter thinking thereby to come to the knowledge of it we shall find this to be impossible for either we must believe what all men say of it or what some men onely say of it To believe what all men say of one and the same thing is not possible for then we shall believe Contrarieties for some men say That that very thing is pleasant which other say is displeasant If it be said we must believe onely some men then let it be shewed who those some men are for the Platonists will believe Plato but the Epicures Epicurus the Pythagorians Pythagorus and other Philosophers the masters of their own Sects so that it is doubtfull to which of all these we shall give credit If it be said that we must credit the greatest number this seemeth childish for there may be amongst other Nations a greater number which denie that very point which the greatest number with us do affirm so that hereof nothing can certainly be affirmed This Argument seemeth to be further confirmed if the differences of the Sences of Hearing Seeing Smelling Touching and Tasting be considered for that the Sences differ it seemeth plain Painted Tables in which the art of Slanting is used appear to the Eye as if the parts of them were some higher and some lower than the other but to the Touch they seem not to be so Honey seemeth to the Tongue sweet but unpleasant to the Eye so Oyntment doth recreate the Smell but it offendeth the Tast. Rain-water is profitable to the Eyes but it hurteth the Lungs We may tell then how these things seem to our several sences but what they are in their own nature we cannot tell for why should not a man credit any one of his sences as well as the other Every object seemeth to be presented diversly unto the several instruments of Sence An Apple to the Touch seemeth smooth sweet to the Smell and to the Eye yellow but whether the Apple have one of these qualities onely or more than these qualities who can tell The Organ hath many Pipes all which are filled with the same blast of wind varied according to the capacitie of the several Pipes which receive it even so the qualitie of the Apple may be but one and that this one qualitie may be varied and seem yellow to the Eye to the Touch smooth and sweet to the Smell by reason of the divers instruments of the Sence which apprehend this one quality diversly It may be also that an Apple hath many qualities besides but we are not able to conceive them all because we want fit means and instruments to apprehend them for suppose that some Man is born blind and deaf and yet can touch smell and tast this man will not think that there is any thing which may be seen or heard because he wanteth the Sences of hearing and seeing he will onely think there are those qualities in the object which by reason of his three Sences he conceiveth Even so the Apple may have many more qualities but we cannot come to know them because we want fit instruments for that purpose If it be replied that Nature hath ordained as many instruments of Sence as there are sencible objects I demand What Natures for there is a confused controversie about the very Essence of Nature Some affirming it to be one thing others another few agreeing so that what the qualitie of an Apple is or whether it hath one qualitie or many I know not Let a man also consider how many things that are seperated and by themselves appear to differ from that which they seem to be when they are in a mass or lump the scrapings of the Goats horn seems white but in the horn they seem black but in the lump white The stone Taenarus being polished seemeth white but unpolished and rough it seemeth yellow Sands being seperated appear rough to the Touch but a great heap soft I may then report how these things appear but whether they are so indeed I know not Sir Walter Raleigh's OBSERVATIONS Concerning the Causes of the Magnificencie and Opulencie of CITIES THAT the onely way to civilize and reform the savage and barbarous Lives and corrupt Manners of such people is 1 To be dealt withall by gentle and loving Conversation among them to attain to the knowledge of their Language and of the multitude of their special discommodities and inconveniences in their manner of living 2 The next is to get an admired reputation amongst them upon a solid and true foundation of Pietie Justice and wisdom conjoyned with fortitude and power 3 The third is discreetly to possess them with a knowledge of the condition of their own estate Thus Orpheus and Amphion were said to draw after them the beasts of the field c. And this must be first wrought by a visible representation of the certaintie truth and sinceritie of these together with the felicitie of a reformed estate All which is but to give foundation bottom and firm footing unto action and to prepare them to receive wholesom and good advise for the future profit and felicitie of themselves and their posteritie For the more commodious effecting of this Reformation in a rude and barbarous people they are to be perswaded to withdraw and unite themselves into several Colonies that by an interchangeable communication and commerce of all things may more commodiously be had and that they may so live together in civilitie for the better succour and welfare of one another And thereby they may more easily be instructed in the Christian Faith and governed under the Magistrates and ministers of the King or other superiour power under whom this Reformation is sought which course the Stoick tells that Thesius took after he had taken upon him the Government of the Athenians whereby he united all the people into one Citie that before lived dispersedly in many Villages The like is put in practice at this day by the Portugalls and Jesuits that they may with less difficultie and hinderance reform the rough behaviour and savage life of the people of BraZeel who dwell scattered dispersed in caves and cottages made of boughs and leaves of the Palm-trees Alexander the Great built more than seventie Cities Seleucus built three Cities called Appanice to the honour of his wife and five called Laodicea in memorie of his mother and five called Seleuciae to the honour of himself Safetie for Defence of the People and their goods in and near the Town IN the Scituation of Cities there is to be required a place of Safetie by some natural strength commodiousness for Navigation and Conduct for the attaining of plentie of all good things for the sustenance and comfort of mans life and to draw trade and entercourse of other Nations as if the same be scituate in such sort