almost as streight out as if it were drawne by a lyne sauing onelie in one or two places where it retyreth a great waie in The Sea which it receiueth in the first Baie is called Aegaean that which followeth in the next is in the mouth of it called Ionishe and innermore Adriatishe that which is receyued in the last Baye we call Tuscan and the Greekes Tyrrhene Of Nations the first is Scithia an other Countrie that we spake of before extending from Tanais well neere to the one halfe of the side of Pontus From hence into a part of the Aegaean coast lyeth ioyntlie the maine lande of Macedonia and Thrace Then bolteth out Greece and deuideth the Aegaean Sea from the Ionishe Sea All along the side of the Adriatishe Sea lyeth Ilirike Betwéene the saide Adriatishe Sea and the Tuscan Sea runneth foorth Italie In the innermost part of the Tuscan Sea is Fraunce and beyond that is Spaine These lye from the East to the West vppon the South It faceth the North also with diuers fronts For on that side is Fraunce againe extending all the way from our Sea thither From thence stretcheth Germany to the Sarmatians and they againe to Asia Thus much as concerning Europe A breefe description of Affricke The fourth Chapter AFfricke is bounded on the East part with the riuer Nile and on the other partes with the Sea It is shorter then Europe in asmuch as it extendeth any where against the seacostes of Asia nor lyeth side for side against the sea coastes of Europe Neuerthelesse it is more in length then in breadth and it is broadest where it boundeth on the Riuer And as it procéedoth from thence so rysing higher and higher with mountaines speciallie in the middle it bendeth askew toward the West and gathereth softlie into a ridge and therefore in continuaunce groweth somewhat narrower where it endeth there is it narrowest As much of it as is inhabited is excéeding fruitfull But for as much as most places of it are vnmanured and eyther couered with barreine sandes or left vntylled by reason of the drought of the ayre and the soyle or else with many kindes of beasts it is rather waste then well peopled The Sea wherewith it is inclosed on the North we call Lybikâ—â— on the South Ethyopish and on the West Athlantish On that side that butteth vpon the Lybike Sea next vnto Nyle is the Prouince which they call Cyrene Then followeth Affricke whereof the whole Countrie taketh his name The rest is possessed of the Numidians and Moores of whome the Moores extend to the Athlantish Occean Beyond are the Nigrites and Pharusians vnto Ethyope The Ethyopians possesse both the rest héereof and all that side which faceth the South euen vnto the borders of Asia But aboue those places that are beaten vpon wth the Lybike Sea are the Lybiaegyptians and the white Ethyopians and the populous and manifolde Nation of the Getulians From thence lyeth a great wide Countrie together all vtterlie waste and vnhabited Then the first that we heare of Eastward are the Garamantes and next them the Awgyles and Troglodikes and lastlie toward the West the Athlantâ— Innermost if ye lyst to beléeue it the Egypanes Blemyans Gamphasants and Satyres scarce men but rather halfe Beastes wandring vp and downe without house or home rather haue the Landes then inhabite them This is the vniuersall platte of the World these are the great partes these are the fashions and the Nations of the partes Now that I must speake of the boundes and borders of them seuerally it is most handsome to begin where our Sea entreth first into the maine Landes and specially at those Countries that lye on the right hand as it coÌ„meth in and so to scoure the Sea coast in order as it lyeth and when I haue perused all thinges that butte vpon the Sea then also to cast about those quarters that are enuironed with the Occean vntyll that hauing trauailed about the world as well within as without the race of my attempted worke returne to the place where it began A particular description of Affricke Of Mauritania The fift Chapter IT is saide before that it is the Athlantishe Occean which toucheth the maine lande on the West From hence as men sayle into our Sea Spaine is on the lefte hand and Mauritania on the right These are the first parts the one of Europe the other of Affricke The end of the coast of Mauritania is Mulucha the head and beginning thereof is the Promontorie which the Gréekes call Ampelusia and the Afres by an other worde that hath the same meaning In the same is a caue hallowed to Hercules and beyond the Caue a very auncient Towne called Tingi builded as men saye by Antaeus And there remaineth a Monument of the thing namelie a huge Shield of the hide of an Elyphant vnable to be wéelded of any man now a dayes by reason of the greatnesse thereof which the dwellers thereabouts beléeue and report for a certaintie to haue béene carried by Antaeus and therefore they honour it as a Relicque Then is there a verie high Mountaine set directlie ouer against that which is in Spaine That in Spaine is named Abyla and the other is named Calpâ— and both of them bâ— called the Pillers of Hercules Uppon the naming of them so Fame hath forged a Fable that Hercules cutte a sunder those two hylles which erewhiles grewe whole together in one continuall ridge and by that meanes did let in the Occean which erst was shut out by the force of the Mountaines vnto the places which it now ouerfloweth From hence the Sea spreadeth wider and through his great violence eateth winding gulfes into the maine Landes which he disseuereth farre a sunder Howbeit the Realme is vnnoble and hath scarce any thing famous in it it is inhabited with small Uillages and fendeth foorth small brookes it is better of soile then of men altogether vnrenowmed by reason of the slouthfulnesse of the people Notwithstanding among the thinges that I maye vouchsafe to report are certaine high Mountaines which being set on a rowe one by an other as it were for the nonce are by reason of their number and likenesse one to an other called the seuen brethren There is also the riuer Tamuada and Rusicada and Siga lyttle Citties and a Hauen which for the largenesse thereof is syr named the great Hauen The foresaide riuer Mulucha is the bound of the Kingdomes of Bocchus and Iugurth which were puissaunt Realmes in olde time Of Numidia The sixth Chapter FRom the saide riuer Mulucha to the banke of the riuer Ampsaga lyeth Numidia not so large a Country as Mauritania but better peopled and wealthier Of the Citties which are in it the greatest are Cirta farre from the Sea now inhabited by the Sittians and in times past the Pallace of King Iuba and King Syphax when it was in greatest wealth Iol sometime verie
base but now verie famous in as much as it hath béene the Pallace of Iuba and is called Caesarea On the hither-side of this Cittie for it standeth almost in the mid shore are the Towns of Cartenna and Arsenaria and the Castle Ampsa and the gulfe Laturus and the riuer Sardabale and beyond it is the common buriall place of the blood Roiall Then comme Citties of Iasion and Vthisia and the brookes of Ancus and Nabar falling betwéene them into the Sea and certaine other thinges which to suppresse with silence is neither losse of matter nor preiudice to fame Innermost and a great way off from the shore a woonderfull matter if it be to be beléeued the backe bones of Fishes broken shelles of Murreies and Disters Stones worne as is woont to be with beating waues and not differing Anchors fastened as in rocks of the Sea and other such like signes and tokens of the Sea flowing euen vnto those places in times past are reported to be and to be found in the barreine féelds that beare nothing The lesser Affricke The seuenth Chapter THe Countrie that followeth from the Foreland of Metagonium to the Philens altars dooth properlie beare the name of Affricke In it are the Townes of Hippo Rhegius and Rusicade and Tabraca Then thrée Forelands called the white Mount Appollos Mount and Mercuries Mount shooting hugelie into the déepe make two great Bayes The hithermost is called Hippon of Hippo Diarrhytus which is a Towne standing vppon the riuadge of it At the other are Laelyes campe Cornellis campe the riuer Bragada the Citties of Vtica and Carthage both famous and both builded by the Phaenicians Vtica innobled with the destruction of Cato and Carthage for the destruction of it selfe now a frée Towne of the Romanes and in old time a striuer with them for their Empire euen now againe wealthie and euen now more famous for her former destruction then for her present recouery From hence the Syrt stand Leptis Clupea Abrotanum Taphre and Naples as among bace thinges the famousest The mouth of the Syrt where it taketh in the open Sea is almost a hundred myles broade and it is thrée hundred myles compasse by the bankes of it but it is harbroughlesse and rough and partlie by reason of the numbers of shallowes quicke sandes and flattes that are in it but more for the changeable alteration of the sea in his ebbing and flowing it is excéeding daungerous Aboue this is a great Poole which receyueth into it the riuer Triton and the Poole it selfe is also called Triton Whereof Minerua hath one of her syr names because as the inhabiters thereabouts suppose she was bred there And they make the tale to haue some likelyhood of trueth because they kéepe holie the same daye which they thinke she was borne on with solemme Ioustes and Tourneies of young Maidens Beyond that is the Towne Oea and the riuer Cimphis which runneth through most fruitfull féeldes Then is there an other Leptis and an other Syrt of like name and nature to the former but almost halfe as bigge againe as the other both at the mouth and in the compasse of it Unto this belongeth the Foreland of Boreon and the coast beginning at the same which the Loteaters are reported to haue possessed from thence foorth to Phycus which also is an other Forelande it is altogether harbroughlesse The Altars aforesaide tooke their name of two brethren called Phileâ—s who being sent from Carthage against the Cyrenians to make a finall end of warre that had béene long betwéene them for the bounds of their Countries to the great slaughter of both partes when couenaunt was not kept according to agréement which was that wheresoeuer the Ambassadours mette which were sent out of both Citties at a time prefixed there should be the boundes of both the Realmes vppon couenaunting a new that whatsoeuer was on this side should fall to the lotte of their owne countreyfolke suffered them selues to be buried quicke in this place a wonderful thing and right worthy to be had in remembraunce Of Cyrenaica The eight Chapter FRom thence to Catabathmos is the Prouince of Cyrenaica wherin are the Oracles of Hammon famous for the assured trueth therof and a fountaine which they call Sonnewell and a certaine Mountaine holie to the South winde For if this Hyll be touched with mans hand the winde ryseth excéeding boistrous and turmoyling the sandes as it were waters rageth as the sea dooth with waues The Well at midnight is scalding whote afterward by lyttle lyttle falling to be but luke warme at day light it becommeth colde and as the sunne ryseth in heigth it wexeth colder and colder so that at noone it is most extreamelie colde From that time it gathereth heate againe and in the beginning of the night becommeth warme and as it groweth further in the night it encreaseth more in heate so that at midnight it is sealding where againe Upon the shore are the Forclandes of Zephyrion and Naustâ—thmos the Hauen of Paraetonie and the 〈◊〉 Hesperia Apollonia Ptolemais Aâ—â—moe and 〈◊〉 it selfe whereof the whole Countrie taketh his 〈◊〉 Catabathmos which is a slope valley shoring downe to Egipt-ward is the vttermost bound of Affricke Thus are the coastes inhabited for the most part with ciuill people after the manner of our Countries sauing that some of them differre in languages and in the seruing of their Goddes which they kéepe of their owne Countrie worshipping them after their owne Countrie fashion There are no Citties neere one to an other howbeit there be houses which are called Uillages Their fare is harde and without cleanlinesse The Noble men and Gentlemen goe in Cassockes and the common people are cladde in skinnes of Cattell and wilde Beastes the grounde is their bedde to rest on and their Table to feede on Their vesselles are made eyther of woodde or of barke their drinke is milke and the iuice of berries their meate is for the most part Uenison for they spare their Cattell as long as they can because it is the onelie best thing which they haue The vplandishe folke doo yet after a more rude fashion wander abroade following their Cattell and according as pasturage leadeth them so remoue they themselues and their sheddes from place to place and wheresoeuer day â—aileth them there they abide all night And albeit that being thus euerie where scattered by householdes and without any lawe they consult not in common vpon any thing yet notwithstanding for as much as euerie of them hath many Wiues at once and by reason thereof many Children and kinsefolke there neuer liueth any small company of them together in one place Of those sortes of people which are reported to be beyonde the Wyldernesse the Athlantes curse the Sunne both when he ryseth and when he setteth as noysome both to themselues and to their groundes They haue no names seuerallie neither feede they
and the men spin and carde and take charge of the house at home The Women beare burthens on their shoulders the men on their heads When the Parentes fall in pouertie the women are bounde of necessitie to finde them the men are at choice They eate their meate openlie and without their doores and doo their naturall néedes in the innermost partes of their houses They worshippe the shapes of many Beastes or to saye the trueth the verie beastes themselues some one Beast and some an other in so much as it is a matter of life and death to haue kylled some Beastes euen vnwares And when they die either by disease or by mischaunce it is their custome to burie them and mourne for them The common God of all the people is Apis a blacke Bull marked with certaine spottes and vnlyke other Bulles in tongue and fayle It is a rare matter to finde one of that bréede For as they holde opinion he is not engendered by a Beast of the same kinde but is conceyued by supernaturall power of heauenlie fire and the daye that he is calued is helde for a most holie and Feastiuall daye of all the whole Nation They being by their owne assertion the auncientest of all Nations haue registred in autentike Chronicles thrée hundred and thirtie Kinges before Amasis and the continuaunce of aboue thirtéen thousand yéeres And they kepe it written in good Recordes that in the tyme that the Egiptians haue continued the Starres haue foure times altred their courses and the Sunne hath twise gone down where it now ryseth In the raigne of Amasis they inhabited twentie thousande Citties and nowe also they inhabite verie many The notablest of them farre from the Sea are Say Memphis Syene Bubastis Elephant and Thebes which hath as is reported in Homer a hundred Gates or as other saye a hundred Pallaces the houses of so many Princes eche of which Pallaces as the state of affayres required was wont to send foorth ten thousande armed men On the shore standeth Alexandria by the Marches of Affricke Pelusium cutteth the borders of Arabia The names of the mouthes of Nyle are Canopicum Bolbiticum Sebenuiticum Pathnuiticum Mendesium Tanicum and Pelusiacum Of Arabia The tenth Chapter ARabia extendeth from thence to the redde Sea and being thencefoorth more pleasaunt and plentifull it aboundeth in Frankinsence and Spices In the hither part sauing where Mount Casius maketh it high it is altogether plaine and barren and there it receyueth the Hauen of Azotus which is the Mart Towne and vent for the wares of that Countrie Where this hyll mounteth in height it is so high that from the toppe of it a man maye sée the Sunne in the fourth watch Of Syria The eleuenth Chapter SYria runneth a great way along the Sea◠coast and verie farre also into the mayne Land and is called by sundrie names For it hight Caele and Mesopotamia and Damascene and Adiabene and Babilonia and Iewrie and Sophene furthermore it beareth the name of Palestine where it butteth vpon Arabia and Phaenicia and where it ioyneth to Cilicia it is called Antioche In olde time and a long while together it was a puissant Realme but most puissant when Semiramis reigned ouer it There are surelie many notable workes of hers but two of them passe all the rest namelie the building of that wonderfull great Cittie Babilon and the letting in of the riuers Euphrates and Tigris into those Countries which before time were drie Howbeit in Palestine there is a great and strong fortified Towne called Gaza for so the Persians terme a Treasorie and thervpon it tooke that name because when Cambises inuaded Egipt with warre he bestowed his prouision for the warres and all his Treasure there There is also Ascalon as bigge as the other And there is Ioppa builded by report before the flood where the dwellers by affirme that Cepheus reigned vpon likelihood for that certaine olde Altars with great shewe of holinesse haue in them styll ingrauen the names of him and of his brother Phineus And besides that for a more assuraunce of the thing so renowmed in verses and olde tales and of the sauing of Andromade by Perseus they shewe for a plaine Monument the excessiue great bones of the Monstar of the Sea Of Phaenicia The twelfth Chapter PHaenicia is renowmed for the Phaenicians a pollitique kinde of men and both in feates of warre and peace péerelesse They first inuented Letters and Letter matters and other Artes also as to goe to the Sea with Shippes to fight vpon the water to reigne ouer Nations to set vp Kingdomes and to fight in order of battell In it is Tyre sometime an Ile but nowe ioyned to the firme Land since the time that Alexander made workes about it to assault it Further foorth stand certaine small Uillages and the Cittie of Sidon euen yet styll wealthie and in olde time the greatest of all the Citties vppon the Sea coast before it was taken by the Persians Betwéene that and the foreland of Euprosopon there are two Townes called Byblos and Botris and beyonde them were thrée other ech distaunt a furlong a sunder and therefore the place was of the number called Tripolis then follow the Castle Simyra and a Cittie not vnrenowmed called Marathos From thence the Countrie being not crooked with the Sea but lying right foorth side by side vnto it bendeth his shore into the maine Land and receiueth a great Baye About the which dwell ritch people the cause whereof is the scituation of the place for that the Countrie being fertyle and furnished with many Riuers able to beare Shippes serueth well for the easie exchaunge and conueying in of all kinde of wares both by Sea and Land Within that Baye is first the residue of Syria which is syrnamed Antioche and on the shore thereof stande the Citties Seleuca Paltos Beritos Laodicia and Arados betwéene which Citties runne the Riuers Lychos Hypatos and Orontes Then followeth the Mountaine Amanus immediatlie from whence beginneth Myriandros and Cilicia Of Cilicia The thirteenth Chapter IN the innermost retreite there is a place sometime of great renowme as a beholder and witnesse bearer of the discomfiture of the Persians by great Alexander and of the flight of Darius at that time hauing in it a famous great Cittie called Issos whereof the Bay is named the Bay of Issos but now hauing not so much as a lyttle Towne Farre from thence lyeth the Foreland Amanoides betwéene the Riuers Pyramus and Cydnus Pyramus being the néerer to Issos runneth by Mallon and Cydnus runneth out beyond through Tarsus Then is there a Cittie possessed in olde time by the Rhodians and Argiues and afterward at the appointment of Pompey by Pyrates now called Pompeiople then called Soloe Hard by on a lyttle hyll is the Tombe of the Poet Aratus woorthy to be spoken of because it is vnknowne
Hyppis where the Riuer Meander falleth into the Sea and the Mountaine Latmus famous for the Fable of Endymion whome as men saye the Moone was in loue with Afterward bowing againe it enuironeth the Cittie Pâ—â—ene and the mouth of the Riuer Gessus and anon after as it casteth a greater circuite so it comprehendeth mo thinges There is the holie Land called Panionium so named because the Ionians occupie it in common There is the towne Phygela builded as some saye by fugitiues to which report the name séemeth agréeable There is Ephesus and the most famous Temple of Diana which the Amazons are reported to haue consecrated when they helde the souereintie of Asia There is the Riuer Cayster there is Lebedos and the Cappell of Apollo Clariâ—us which Manto the Daughter of Tyresia builded when she fled from the Epigons that had gotten the victorie of the Thebanes and Colophon which Mopsus the sonne of the saide Manto builded at the Foreland wherwith the Bay is enclosed which on the other side maketh an other Baye called Smyrnie and shooteth out the rest with narrowe shankes From thence it spreadeth wider in manner lyke a Nesse aboue the Streightes on the hither side to Teos and on the further side to Clazomen And because the hinder partes are streightened and knitte together with the néerenesse of the Sea with diuers frontes they face diuers Seas In the varie Nesse is Coryna Within the Baye of Smyrnie is the Riuer Thermodon and the Cittie Leuca and without it is Phocis the vttermost part of Ionia Of Aeolis The eighteene Chapter THe next Countrie since the tyme it began to be inhabited by the Aeolians tooke the name of Aeolis whereas before tymes it was called Mysia and where it boundeth vpon Hellespont as long as the Troianes possessed it it was called Troad The first Cittie they call Myrina after the name of Myrinus the founder thereof The next Pelops builded at his returne out of Greece when he had ouercome Oenomaus Cyme a Captaine of the Amazons driuing away the inhabiters that dwelt before at Cyme named it so after her owne name Aboue runneth the Riuer Caycus betwéene Elea and Pitane where Archesilas was borne that most famous president the Academie which affirmed the knowledge of nothing Then is the Towne of Cama scituate in a foreland as soone as men are past that there receiueth them a Baye of no small bignesse which boweth a great way of and softlie withdraweth by lyttle and lyttle into the land euen vnto the foote of Mount Ida. The Streight betwéene the Seas is sprinckled with a fewe Citties of which the notablest is Cistena In the innermost part of the Baye a féeld called Thebes conteineth the Townes of Adrimittium Austra and Teressa lying one by an other in the same order as they be rehearsed In the other side is Anâ—andros There are reported two causes of the naming of this Towne so Some saye that Ascanius the sonne of Aenaeas reigned there being taken prisoner by the Greekes gaue them this Towne for his raunsome Other thinke it was builded by such as in a tumult and insurrection were driuen out of the Ile of Andros These would haue Antandros taken for Andros and the other would haue it taken as it were for a man The coast following reacheth to Gargara Aslos Towns builded and inhabited by the Aetolians Then an other Baye called the Gréekishe Hauen windeth his bankes not farre from Troye that Cittie most renowmed for the warres and destruction thereof Héere was the Towne Sigaeâ— where the Greekes encamped during the time of the warre Héere Sâ—amander running downe from Mount Ida and Simois Riuers of greater Fame then streame fall into the Sea Mount Ida it selfe being renowmed with the contention of the Goddesses and the iudgement of Paris sheweth the rysing of the Sunne after an other sort then it is woont to be séene in other Landes For vnto such as looke out of the toppe of it there appeare almost at midnight dispearsed fires glistering euerie where and as the daye light approcheth so séeme they to méete and ioyne together vntyll that being assembled more and more afterwarde they growe feawer and lastlie burne all in one flame And when it hath so shined a good while together bright and lyke a fire it gathereth it selfe rounde and becommeth a great globe The same also appeareth a great whyle huge and ioyned with the earth and afterward by little and little wexing lesse and the more it decreaseth wexing brighter last of all it chaseth away the night and becomming the Sunne riseth with the day Without the Baye are the Rhetaean shores renowmed with the famous Citties of Rhetaeum and Dardania but most of all with the Tombe of Aiax From hence the Sea wexeth narrower and nowe no more washeth away the Land but deuiding it againe cutteth through the banke that méeteth it at the Streightes of Hellespont and maketh the Landes where it runneth to haue sydes againe Of Bithynia The nineteene Chapter INnermore are the Bithynians and Mariandynes On the Sea coast are the Greeke Townes of Abydos Lampsacum Paâ—ion and Priapos Abydos is famous for the intercourse of great Loue in olde time The Phocans gaue Lampsacum that name vpon this occasion because when they asked counsell of the Oracle into what Countrie they should chéefelie goe aunswere was made that they should there take vp their dwelling place where it first shâ—ned Then againe the Sea becommeth more open which is called Propontis Into it falleth the Riuer Granike famous for the first battell that was fought there betwéene the Persians and Alexander Beyond the Riuer in the necke of a péece of ground which is almost an Ile standeth Cyzicum a Towne so named of one Cyzicus vanquished in battell and slaine as we reade vnwares by the Minyes as they went to Colchos ward After are Place and Scylace lyttle Townes builded by the Argiues on the backe part whereof hangeth the Hyll Olympus of Mysia as the the inhabiters call it which sendeth foorth the Riuer Rhindacus into those quarters that follow There abouts bréede Snakes of vnmeasurable bignesse woonderfull not for their hugenesse onelie but also for that when they haue retired into this channell of the saide Riuer to auoide the heate of the Sunne there putting vp their heads and gaping they swallowe in the Birdes that passe ouer flie they neuer so high and so swiftlie Beyond Rhindacus is Dascylos and Myrlea which the Colophonians builded From thence are two good measurable Bayes The one of them being namelesse compasseth in the Cittie Cion a most commodious Marte Towne of Phrygia which lyeth not farre from thence the other Baye compasseth in the Olbians In the Foreland it beareth the Chapell of Neptune and in the bosome the Towne of Astacon builded by the Megarians Then the Land strikes before againe and maketh a narrowe channell for the Sea to passe
them the Riuers Ergine and Atyras Then followeth a part of Thrace where sometime reigned King Rhaesus and Bysanth a Towne builded by the Samians and Cypsella sometime a great Cittie After that ensueth a place called of the Gréekes Longvvall and in the necke of a Nesse the Towne of Lysimachia The Land that followeth being no where broad runneth foorth narrowest héere betwéene Hellespont and the Aegean Sea The Streights thereof they call Isthmos and the front thereof Mastusia and the whole together Chersonesus It is woorthy to be had in remembraunce for many thinges In it is the Riuer Aegos renowmed with the Shipwracke of the Athenian Fléete There is also Sestos scituate against Abydos verie famous for the loue of Leander There is also the Countrie where the Persian hoast aduentured to make a bridge ouer the Sea that parteth the one maine land from the other a woonderfull enterprise and passed ouer the Sea out of Asia into Greece on foote and not by Ship There are the bones of Protesilaus consecrated with a Temple There is also the Hauen Caelos renowmed with the destruction of the Laconish Fléete at such time as the Athenians and Lacedemonians encountred there in battell on the Sea There is also Dogs-graue the Tombe of Quéene Hecuba which place receyued that homely name either of the shape of a Dogge whereinto Hecuba is reported to haue béene transformed or else of the misfortune that shee fell into There is Macidos and there is Eleus which endeth Hellespont By and by the Aegean Sea beateth hugelie vpon a long shore and with a great compasse fetcheth leysurelie about the Lands which it seuereth farre a sunder vnto the Foreland of Sumum Such as sayle by that coast when they are passed Mastusia must enter into a Baye which washing by the other side of Chersonesus is enclosed lyke a valley with the ridge of a hyll and being called Melas of the Riuer Melas which it receiueth it imbraceth two Citties Alopeconesus on the one side of the narrowe Streights and Cardie on the other side Aenos is famous builded by Aenaeas when he fled from Troy About Hebrus are the Cycones and beyond it is Doriscos where Xerxes because he could not number his armie is reported to haue measured them by the space of the ground Beyond is the Forelande of Serrium out of which the wooddes of Zona are reported to haue followed Orpheus when he soong Then is the Riuer Scaenas and adioyning to his banckes the vpper Countrie of Maronie which brought foorth Diomede that was woont to make straungers prouinder for his cruell Horsses and in the ende was by Hercules cast to them himselfe The Tower which they attribute to Diomede remaineth as a remembraunce of the Fable and a Cittie which his sister Abdera named after her owne name But that Cittie is woorthier to be had in memorie for bréeding of Democritus the naturall Philosopher than for her sake that builded it Beyond that runneth the Riuer Nestos aud betwéene it and the Riuer Strymon are the Citties Phillippos Appollonia and Amphippolis Betwéene Strymon and mount Athos are the Tower Calarne the Hauen Caprullon and the Citties Acantos and Oesyma Betwéene Athos and Pallene are Cleone and Olynthus Strymon as we haue saide before is a riuer which rysing a farre of and running slender becoÌ„meth greater and greater with forreine waters and when he hath made a Lake within a little of the sea he bursteth foorth in a greater channell than he came in Mount Athos is so high that it is thought to reach aboue the place from whence the raine falleth The opinion hath a likelihood of trueth because the ashes are not washed from the Altars in the toppe thereof but continueâ— in the same heape whole as they were left This Hill shooteth not with an elbowe into the Sea as other Hilles doo but it kéepeth on whole and aduaunceth with a whole breast a great length into the Sea Where it cleaued to the maine Land it was cutte through by Xerxes when he made his voiage against the Grayes and was sayled ouer an arme of the Sea conueied through it to make way for his ships The neathermost partes of it are furnished with small Towns builded peopled by the Pelasgies In the top was the towne Acroathon the inhabiters whereof were woont by report to liue halfe as long againe as other men Pallene is of such a large soyle that in it are fiue Citties with their territories It riseth all in height somewhat narrow where it beginneth and there is the Cittie Potidaea But where it wexeth wider there are the Townes of Mend and Scione woorthy to be spoken of Mend builded by the Eretrianes and the other by the Greekes as they returned from the taking of Troy Of Macedonia The third Chapter THen the people of Macedonia inhabite many Citties of the which Pella is the most renowmed for her two â—oster children Phillippe the subduer of Greece and Alexander the conqueror of Asia also In the shore the Bay of Mecyberne betwéene the Forelandes deuideth Canastreum and the Hauen that is called Cope and encloseth the Citties of Toron and Physcell and also Mecyberne whereof it taketh the name Scione is next vnto the Foreland of Canastre and Mecyberne Baye entreth somewhat within the Land in the middes where it giueth way like a bosome Howbeit casting foorth long armes into the déepe it becommeth a great gulfe betwéene the seas Into it runne Axius through Macedonia and Peneus through Thessalie A lyttle aboue Axius is the Cittie Thessalonica Betwéene them both are Cassandria Cydna Azaros and Derris Beyond Peneus are Sepias Cordynia Melibaea and Castanea all of like renowme sauing that Phyloctetes who was fostered at Melibaea beautifieth that towne The inner Landes are renowmed with the names of famous places and containe almost nothing that is not notable Not farre from hence is Olympus and héere is Pelion and héere is Ossa Mountaines renowmed with the Fables of the Giantes warres Héere is Pieria the dwelling place and mother of the Muses Héere is the ground that Hercules of Greece trode last vppon namelie the Forrest of Oeta Héere is Tempe ennobled with holie wooddes Héere lyes Lebethra and the versifying fountaines Then followeth Greece shooting foorth hugelie and mainlie and bearing from the North into the South till it butte vpon the Myrtean Sea Where the Sunne ryseth it faceth the Aegean Sea and where the Sunne goeth downe it faceth the Ionish Sea Next that lyeth a large Countrie named Hellas which steppeth foorth with a large front and anon after is cutte off almost by the waste with both the Seas whereof the Ionish entereth furthest into his side vntill the Land becommeth but fiue myle wide Then againe the Landes widen on both sides and shoote into the déepes but more into the Ionish Sea than into the Aegean Sea and stretching foorth not altogether so broad
and Southward into our midland Sea Lusitania lyeth onelie against the Occean that is to wit with his side into the North and with his front into the West Of vpland Citties in Tarraconensis the famousest in olde time were Pallance and Numance and nowe the famousest is Caeâ—auragusta in Lusitania Emerita and in Boetica Astigie Ispalis and Corduba But if ye goe along the Sea coast next beyond Ceruaria is a Rocke which thrusteth Mount Pyrene into the déepe Then followeth the riuer Thicis vnto Rhoda and Clodian to Empuries beyond which is Iupiters Mount the West part whereof by reason of the stones that rise with a little distaunce one aboue an other like greeces they call Hanniballes Stayers From thence to Tarracon are the little Townes of Blanda Illuro Betullo Barchino Subur and Tholobie and the little brookes of Betulo next to Iupiters Mount and Rubricate somewhat bigger at the shore betwéene Subur and Tholobie The Cittie Tarraco is the wealthiest of all that stand vppon these coastes Aboue it runneth a meane Riuer called Tulcis and beneath it runneth the great riuer Iberus From thence the Sea windeth it selfe into the Land and entering at the first with great force is anon after deuided into two Bayes with a Foreland called Ferrar. The first Bay is named Sucron which is the greater of both and receyueth the Sea at a verie large mouth wexing styll narrower the further it goeth It receyueth Serabis and Duria and Sucron riuers of no great bignesse It embraceth other Citties but the best knowne are Valentia and that famous Towne of Saguntum renowmed both for faithfulnesse and for the miseries it endured The other Bay following called Illâ—ce hath Alone and Lucence and Illice whereof it taketh the name Héerhence from those things that are spoken of already vnto the Marches of Boetica there is nothing woorth the writing except it be Carthage which Hasdruball Captaine of the Carthaginensâ—s builded On those coastes are base Townes which are not woorth the naming but for orders sake as Virgie in the Baye called Virgie Baye and without it Abdera Suell Hexie Menoba Malaca Salduba Lacippo and Berbefull Afterward followeth the opening of the narrow Sea where the two Mountains Abyla Calpe doo in manner ioyne the shores of Europe Affricke together as we said at the beginning They are called the Pillers of Hercules and both of them but Calpe more and in manner wholie beare foreward into the Sea The same being woonderfull hollowe on that part that is toward the Sunne setting openeth almost his midde side where into there shutteth a Bay which is almost altogether passageable as farre as it goeth and beyond it is a Caue In that Bay Carteia in times past as some thinke called Tarteslus and Mellaria enuironed with the Sea a Towne which the Phenicians passing out of Affricke inhabite the place where I was borne together with the Townes of Bello and Besippo occupie the rest of the coast on that narrow Sea vnto Iunos Mount. This rising into the West into the Occean with a bowing ridge and facing the Forelands of Ampelusia which we told you to be in Affricke is the ende of Europe toward our Seas The Iles of the mid-land Sea The seuenth Chapter THe Ile Gades which meeteth men when they passe out at the Streightes putteth me in remembrance chéefely to speake of the rest of the Iles in our mid-land Sea before I procéede to treate of the coast of the Occean and the vttermost circuite of the maine Lands as I promised at the beginning There are but few in Maeotis for it séemeth most handsome to beginne there and yet all of them are not inhabited for they yéeld not sufficient sustenaunce Héerevpon it comes to passe that the inhabiters of them drie the fleshe of great Fishes in the Sunne and braying it into fine powder vse it in sléede of meale There are also but fâ—we in Pontus Leuke a verie little Iland scituate against the mouth of Boristhenes is syr named Achilleâ— because Achilles lyeth buried there Not farre thence is Aria which being consecrated to Mars did as is reported in Fables bréede Birdes that cast foorth feathers as it had béene Dartes and therewith made great slaughter of such as arriued on that coast There are six at the mouthes of Ister of which Peuce is the best knowne and the greatest Thynnias facing the borders of the Mariandynes hath a Cittie which because the Bithynians builded it is called Bithynis Against the Bosphor of Thrace lye two lyttle Iles distaunt a small space asunder sometime beléeued and reported to haue runne together called Cyanies and Symplegades In Propontis onelie Proconesus is inhabited Without Hellespont the notablest of such as lye vpon the coast of Asia are Tenedos ouer against the Foreland of Sigaeum and such as are scituate against the Foreland of Taurus whereof I will speake in order as they stand which were called Macarons Iles eyther because they haue a happie ayre and soyle or else because one Macar and his Uicegerentes helde them vnder theyr dominion Upon the coast of Troad is Lesbos and in it some tyme were fiue Townes Antissa Pyrrha Eressos Ciraua and Mitylene Upon Ionia lye Chios and Samos vpon Caria Cos vpon Lycia Rhodes and in eche of these Iles is a Cittie of the same name In Rhodes where ere-while thrée Lindus Camiâ—us and Ialysus The Iles that lye against the head of Taurus being combersome to sayle vnto are named Châ—lidonies In the greatest Baie that Asia receiueth almost about the middes thereof lyeth Cyprus which stretching it selfe from the East into the West shooteth with a streight ridge betwéen Cilicia and Syria and is verie great as which sometime conteined nine Kingdomes And at this day it beareth certaine Citties whereof the notablest are Salamis and Paphos and Palaepaphos where the folke of that Countrie holde opinion that Venus set first foote a lande out of the Sea There is a lyttle Ile in Phenicia called Arados conueied all in one Towne as much as is of it but plentifullie peopled because it is lawfull for men to dwell euen vnder other mens roofes Canope also is a lyttle one at the mouth of Nile called Canopicke Menelaus Shipmaister Canopus dying there by chaunce gaue that name to the Ile and the Ile gaue name to the mouth of Nile Pharos is nowe ioyned with a bridge to Alexandria but in olde time as is reported in Homers worke it was disseuered a whole dayes sayling from that coast And if it were so in déede it maye well be coniectured that Nile hath béene the cause of so great alteration who bringing mudde continuallie downe his channell and that chéeflie when he floweth and beating it to the shore encreaseth the Landes and enlargeth the plat of them by growing foreward into
of any thing that beareth life neither is it giuen them to see such thinges in their sleepe as other men sée The Troglodites possessing not any goodes at all doo rather iabber than speake dwelling in Caues vnder the ground and séeding vpon Serpentes Among the Garamants also are those kinde of Cattell that graze sideling with their neckes awrie for their hornes growing downe to the groundwarde will not suffer them to féede right foreward No man there hath any Wife of his owne They that are euerie where borne of this vncertaine and confused companying together take those for their fathers whome they most resemble in countenaunce and making The Awgyles thinke there are none other Gods but the Ghostes of dead men By them they sweare at them they aske counsell as at Oracles and when they haue prayed what they would haue they lye downe vppon their graues and receyue dreames for aunsweres It is a solempne custome among them that their Women the first night they are married shall abandon themselues to the common abuse of all men that come with reward and it is counted the greatest honour that may be to haue had to doo with many at that tyme but euer after they kéepe themselues excéeding chaste The Gamphasantes are naked and 〈◊〉 vtterlie ignoraunt oâ— all manner of armour knowing neither howe to shun a Darte nor yet howe to throwe it and therefore if they méete any bodie they runne away and dare not eyther come in companie or 〈◊〉 communicate with any other then such as be of their owne disposition and nature The Blemmyes are without headdes and haue theyr faces in theyr breastes The Satyres haue nothing of man sauing shape The shape of the Aegypanes is such as it is reported to be And thus much of Affricke A particular description of Asia Of Egipt The ninth Chapter EGipt the first part of Asia lying between â—atabathmos and Arabia draweth altogether inward from this shore and runneth styll Southwarde vntyll it beare vppon Ethyope with his backe This Land is alwaies without raine but yet woonderfull fertyle and a very fruitfull mother both of men other liuing wights The cause héereof is Nilus the greatest riuer of all those that fall into our Sea This streame springing out of the Desartes of Affricke is neyther by and by sayleable nor by and by called by the name of Nile but when he hath come downe a long way single and yet rough about Meroe a verie large Iland it is sheaded into Ethyope and on the one side is called Astaboras and on the other side Astapus Where it commeth together againe into one channell there it taketh the name of Nile From thence partlie rough and partlie sayleable it falleth into a great Lake through which it sweepeth with a violent course and imbracing another Ile called Tachempso runneth downe to Elephant a Cittie of Egipt all the way as yet styll rough and raging Then at length wexing somewhat mylder and now in manner sayleable first about the Towne of Cercassye it beginneth to haue thrée channelles Afterward deuiding it selfe once or twise more at Delta and Metilin it passeth on wandring and dispearsed through Egipt and at length parting it selfe into seuen channels and yet continuing verie huge in euerie of them it falleth into the Sea It dooth not onelie wade through Egipt but also ouerflowing it in the chéefe of summer moysteth it with waters so effectuall to engender and nourish that ouer and besides that it swarmeth with Fish and bréedeth Water-horsses and Crocodiles which are huge monstruous Beastes it also sheadeth life into the cloddes and shapeth liuing creatures of the verie moolde Which thing is héereby manifest for that when he hath ceased flowing and is fallen againe within his channell there are séene in the moyst féeldes certaine creatures as yet not perfect but then first beginning to receyue breath in some part hauing already their full shape and in part as yet starke earth Moreouer it increaseth eyther because the snowe being melted with the great heate falles more aboundantly from the great high Mountaines of Ethyope then that it can be receyued into his bankes or else because the Sunne wich in winter time was néerer the ground and therefore abated his spring now in summer time mounteth higher and suffereth it to ryse whole and full as it should be or else for that the North east windes which ordinarilie blowing in that season of the yéere driuing the clowdes from the North into the South doo powre downe showres vpon the head of his spring or méeting his streame by the waye with contrarie blastes doo staie his course in the comming downe or else stoppe his mouthes with sande which they driue to the shore together with the waues and so it becommeth greater eyther because it loseth nothing of it selfe or because it receyueth more then ordinarie or because it vttereth lesse than it should doo But if there be an other World and that the Anticthones goe féete to féete against vs in the South it were not much vnlyke to be true that the riuer rising in those Landes after it hath pearced vnder the Sea in a priuie channell should vent againe in our World and by that meanes increase at the standing of the 〈◊〉 for as much as it is winter at that time he springeth Other meruailous thinges also are in this Land In a certayne Lake there is an Ile called Chimmis which bearing Woods and Forrests a great Temple of Apollos floteth and is driuen which way so euer the winde bloweth Bridges builded of Stones thirtie foote square a péece whereof the greatest for there are thrée of them containeth well néere foure acres of ground at the bottome and is full as much in height Maeris sometime a plaine féeld and now a Lake of twentie myle compasse about déeper of water then any great Shippes full fraughted doo drawe Also a Maze made by Sammetichus conteining within the compasse of one whole entire wall a thousand houses and twelue Palaces builded wholie of Marble roofe and all which hauing but one going downe into it had within it waies almost innumerable turning hither and thither with many windlasses altogether doubtfull with continuall steppes and often réere-vaultes which winding rounde one aboue an other and eftsoones retyring backe as much as they had gone foreward made it so busie and entangled that a man could not deuise how to winde himselfe out The inhabiters of the Realme demeane themselues farre otherwise then other men In mourning for theyr dead they besmere themselues with doong and they thinke it not lawfull to burne them or burie them but by the aduise of Poticaries they kéepe them preserued in their priuie chambers They write their Letters awkelie They temper claie with their hands and knéede dowe with their féete Their Women pleade matters in Courtes and looke to forreine affayres
why stones that are cast into it doo leape about Not farre from hence is the Towne Corycos enuironed with a Hauen and the salt water and ioyned with a narrowe balke to the firme Land Aboue it is a Caue named Corycus of singular nature and farre more excellent then may with ease be described For gaping with a wide mouth euen immediatlie from the toppe it openeth the Mountaine butting vpon the Sea which is of a great height as it were of a ten furlonges Then going déepe downe and the furder downe the larger it is gréene round about with budding Trées casteth it selfe into a round vaulte on both sides full of wooddes so meruailous and beautifull that at the first it amazeth the minds of them that come in to it yet maketh them thinke they haue neuer séene inough of it There is but one going downe into it narrow and rough of a mile a halfe long by pleasaunt shadowes and couerts of wooddes yéelding a certaine rude noyse with riuers trickling on either hand When ye come to the bottome there againe openeth an other Caue woorthy to be spoken of for other things It maketh the enterers into it afraide with the din of Timbrels which make a gastly and great ratling within Afterward being a whyle lightsome anon the further ye go wexing darker it leadeth such as dare aduenture quite out of sight carrieth them déepe as it were in a Mine where a mightie riuer rysing with a great brest dooth but onelie shew it selfe and when it hath gushed violentlie a while in a short chanell sinketh downe againe and is no more séene Within is a waste space more horrible then that any man dare pearce into it and therefore it is vnknowne It is altogether statelie and vndoubtedlie holie and both woorthy and also beléeued to be inhabited of Goddes Euery thing presenteth a statelynesse and setteth out it selfe with a certaine Maiestie There is an other beyond which they call Typhos caue with a narrow mouth and as they that haue tried it doo report verie lowe and therefore dimmed with continuall darknesse and not easie to be sought out howbeit because it was sometime the chamber of the Giant Typho an because it nowe out of hand stifleth such thinges as are let downe into it it is woorthy to be mencioned for the nature thereof and for the tale that is reported of it Beyond that are two Forâ—landes that is to say Sarpedon sometime the bound of King Sarpedons Realme and Anemurium which parteth Cilicia from Pamphilia and betwéene them Celendris and Natidos Towns builded and peopled by the Samians whereof Celendris is néerer to Sarpedon Of Pamphilia The foureteenth Chapter IN Pamphilia is a Riuer able to beare Shippes called Melas a Towne called Sida and an other Riuer called Eurimedon At this Riuer Cymo Captaine of the Athenians gat a great victorie of the Persians and Phaenicians in a battell vpon the water Into the Sea where this battell was fought out of a verie high hyll looketh the Towne of Aspendos which was builded by the Argiues and inhabited by the people of the Countrie about it Then are there two other mightie streames called Oestros and Cataractes Oestros is easie to be sayled the other hath his name of his headlong fall Betwéene them is the Towne Perga and the Temple of Diana which of the Towne is syr named Pergaea Beyond them is Mount Sardeâ—isos and Phaselis a Towne builded by Mopsus which is the end of Pamphilia Of Lycia The fifteenth Chapter SVccessiuelie Lycia so called of Lycus the sonne of King Pandion as report goeth annoyed in olde time with the fires of Chimaera encloseth a great Bay betwéene the Hauen of Sida and the Foreland of Taurus Mount Taurus it selfe rising of a huge height at the Easterne sea shore procéedeth streight foorth in one continuall ridge from thence into y â— West with his right side toward the North and his left side toward the South bouÌ„ding many great Nations where he runneth out in bankes and where he deuideth the Countries he passeth to the Sea As Taurus is the generall name of him whole together so is it also his name where he faceth the East next he is called Haemodes and Caucasus and â—aropamisus then Caspian Streights Niphates and the Streights of Armenia and where he butteth vpon our Sea Taurus againe Behind his saide Foreland is the riuer Lymira and a Cittie of the same name and a number of Towns of no great renowme sauing Patara which is ennobled by the Temple of Apollo sometime like to that at Delphos as well in ritches as also for the truenesse of the Oracle Beyond is the riuer Panthus and the Towne Panthos the Mountaine Crag and the Cittie Telmisos which endeth Lycia Of Caria The sixteenth Chapter AFterward followeth Caria inhabited with people of an vnknowne beginning some thinke them to be bred in the Land some thinke they were Pelasgians othersome thinke they were Candians a kinde of people louing feates of Armes and fighting so well that for wages they serued also in forreine and strange warres Héere are a fewe Castles and then the two Forelandes of Pedalion and Crya and by the Riuer Calbis syde the Towne of Caunus diffamed for the â—â—â—â—thinesse of the inhabiters From thence to Halycarnassus lye these thinges certaine Townes of the Rhodians two Hauens the one named Gelos and the other Thissamissa according to the name of the Cittie that it enuironeth Betwéene them is the Towne of Larumna and the Hyll Pandion shooting into the Sea The thrée Bayes on a rowe Thymnias Schaenus and Bubessus The Foreland of Thymnias is Aphrodisium Schaenus enuironeth Hylas and Bubessus compasseth about Cynotus Guidus standeth in an angle of a péece of ground enclosed almost altogether with the Sea betwéene it and the gulfe of Ceranie in the retreit of Euthana is Halycarnassus a Towne inhabited by the Argiues woorthy to be had in remembraunce not onelie for the founders thereof but also for the Tombe of King Maâ—solus which is one of the seuen woonders of the world and was builded by Artemisâ—a Beyond Halycarnassus are these thinges the shore of Leuca the Citties Myndus Aryanda and Naples and the Bayes of Iasius and Basilicus In Iasius is the towne of Bargylos Of Ionia The seuenteene Chapter BEyond the Bay of Basilicus Ionia winâ—â—deth it selfe in certaine Angles and first of all beginning to fetch about the Foreland of Possideum it enuironeth the Oracle of Apollo called in olde time the Oracle of Branchide and now the Oracle of Didymus The Cittie Miletus sometime the chéefe of all Ionia both in feates of warre and peace the Countrie of Thales the Astrologer and of Tymothie the Musician and of Anaâ—â—mander the naturall Philosopher and woorthelie renowmed â—or the excellent wittes of others that were borne there is aâ—ter a manner called Ionia There is also the Cittie
is berries and as well the women as the men goe bare headed They are therefore counted holie and so farre is any man of those so many cruell Nations from dooing them harme that if other folke flie vnto them they be as safe as in a Sanctuarie Beyond them riseth the Mountaine Riphey and beyond the Mountaine lyeth the â—oast that butteth vpon the Occean ⧠The second Booke of that woorthy Cosmographer Pomponius Mela concerning the scituation of the world Of Scithia of Europe The first Chapter THE marches and scituation of Asia extending to our Sea and the riuer Tanais are such as I haue shewed before Now to them that rowe backe againe downe the same riuer into Maeotis on the right hand is Europe which was directlie on the left side of them as they sailed vp the streame it butteth vpon the mountaine Riphey for the same also extendeth hither The snow which falleth continually dooth make the CouÌ„trie so vntrauellable that a man is not able to sée any farnesse into it Beyond is a Countrie of a verie ritch soyle but vninhabitable notwithstanding because the Griffons a cruell and eger kinde of wilde Beastes doo woonderfullie loue the golde which lyeth altogether discouered aboue the ground and doo woonderfullie kéepe it and are verie fierce vppon them that touch it The first men are Scithians and of the Scithians the first are the Arimaspians which are reported to haue but one eye a péece From thence are the Essedons vnto Maeotis The Riuer Buges cutteth the compasse of the Lake and the Agathyrsies and the Sauromats inhabite about it who because they dwell in Cartes are named Hamaxobits Then the coast that runneth out askew to the Bosphor is inclosed betwéene Pontus Maeotis The side toward the Lake is possessed by the Satarches The brest toward the Bosphor of Cimmeria hath the townes of Myrmecion Panticape Theodosia and Hermesium The other side toward Pontus Euxinus is possessed by the Taurians Aboue them is a Baye full of Hauens and therefore is called the fayre Hauen and it is inclosed betwéene two Forelandes whereof the one called the Rammes head butteth against the Foreland of Cerambis which we saide before to be in Asia and the other called Parthenion hath néere vnto it a towne called Cherronesus builded if it may be beléeued by Diana and is very famous for the Caue Nymphaeum in the toppe therof hallowed to the Nymphes Then the Sea fléeteth vnder a banke and following continuallie vppon the shores flying backe which the Satarkes and Taurians possesse vntyll he be but fiue myles from Maeotis maketh a Nesse That which is betwéene the Lake the Bay is named Taphre and the Bay it selfe is called Carciuites In the same is the Cittie Carciue by the which doo run two Riuers Gerros Hypacyris which fall into the Sea in one mouth but come from two seuerall heads and from two seueral places For Gerros swéepeth betwéen the Basilids and Nomades Then are there woods wherof those Countries beare very great store and there is the Riuer Panticapes which disseuereth the Nomades and Georgians From thence the land wideneth farre and ending in a slender shanke ioineth with the Sea shore Afterward enlarging againe measurablie it sharpeneth it selfe by little little and gathering his long sides as it were into a point groweth into the likenesse of the blade of a sworde laide flatlinges Achilles entering the Sea of Pontus with a Nauie like an enimie after he had gotten victorie is reported to haue made a gaming in the same place for ioy therof and to haue exercised himselfe his men in running while they rested from warre and therefore the place is called Achilles race Then runneth Boristhenes by a Nation of the same name the pleasauntest of all the Riuers of Scithia For whereas all the other are thicke and muddie he runneth excéeding cléere more gentle than the rest most pleasaunt to drinke of It cherisheth most fine and batling pasture and great Fishes which are of very delicate taste and haue no bones He commeth from farre aud springing from an vnknowne head beareth in his channell fortie daies iorney and being all that way able to beare Shippes he falleth into the sea hard by Borysthenides and Olbis Gréeke Citties Hypanis rysing out of a great Poole which the dwellers by call the mother of Hypanis incloseth the Callipeds and a long while together runneth the same that he was at his head At length not farre from the Sea he taketh so bitter waters out of a lyttle Fountaine called Exampaeus that from thencefoorth the runneth vnlike himselfe and altogether vnsauerie The next which is called Axiaces commeth downe among the Calliâ—â—des and Axiakes The Riuer Tyra seperateth these Axiakes from the Istrians it springeth among the Neures and falleth into the Sea by a Towne of his owne name But that famous Riuer which parteth the Nations of Scithia from the NatioÌ„s folowing rysing from his spring in Germanie hath an other name at his head than at his falling into the Sea For through huge Countries of great Nations a long while together he beareth the name of Danow Afterward being diuersely termed by the dwellers by he taketh the name of Ister and receyuing many riuers into him wexeth huge and giuing place in greatnesse to none of all the Riuers that fall into our Sea sauing onelie to Nile he runneth into the sea with as many mouthes as he whereof thrée are but small the rest are able to beare Shippes The natures and behauiours of the Nations differ The Essedones solemnize the deathes of their Parents merelie with sacrifices and feasting of their neighbours and acquaintaunce They cutte their bodies in péeces and chopping them finelie with the inwardes of beasts make a feast of them and eate them vp The heads of them when they haue cunninglie pullished them they bind about with gold occupie them for Cups These are the last dueties of naturall loue among them The Agathyrsies paint their faces and their lyms and as any of them commeth of better Auncestors so doth he more or lesse die himselfe but all that are of one lynnage are died with one kinde of marke that in such sort as it cannot be gotten out The Sarmates being altogether vnacquainted with Golde and Siluer the greatest plagues in the world doo in stéede thereof vse exchaunge of one thing for an other And because of the cruell coldnesse of the winter which lasteth continuallie they make them houses within the ground and dwell either in Caues or else in Sellars They goe in long side garmentes downe to the ground and are couered face all sauing onely their eies The Taurians who be chéefelie renowmed with the arriuall of Iphigenia and Orestes are horrible of conditions and haue a horrible report going of them namely that they are woont to murther straungers and to offer them vp in sacrifice
The originall of the Nation of the Basilides commeth from Hercules and Echidna Their manners are Princelike their weapons are onelie arrowes The wandring Nomades follow the pastures for their Cattell and as féeding for them lasteth so is their continuaunce of abiding in one place The Georges occupy tillage of the grouÌ„d and husbandrie The Axiakes knowe not what stealing meanes and therefore they neither kéepe their owne nor touch that is an other mans They that dwel more vpland liue after a harder sort and haue a country lesse husbanded They loue warre and slaughter and it is their custome to sucke the blood cleane out of the wounds of him that they kyll first As euerie of them hath slaine most so is he counted the iolliest fellowe among them But to be cléere from slaughter is of all reproches the greatest Not so much as their loue-daies are made without bloodshed For they that vndertake the matter wound themselues and letting their blood drop out into a vessell when they haue styrd it together drinke of it thinking that to be a most assured pledge of the promise to be performed In their feasting their greatest myrth and commonnest talke is in making report what euerie man hath slaine And they that haue tolde of most are set betwéene two cuppes brim full of drinke for that is the chéefe honour among them As the Essedones make cuppes of the heads of their Parents so doo these of the heads of their enimies Among the Anthropophages the daintiest dishes are made of mans fleshe The Gelones apparell themselues and their horsses in the skins of their enimies themselues with the skins of their heads their horsses with the skins of the rest of their bodies The Melanchlaenes goe in blacke cloathes and thereof they haue their name The Neures haue a certaine time to euerie of them limitted wherein they may if they will be chaunged into Woolues and returne to their former shape againe The God of them all is Mars to whome in stéede of Images they dedicate Swords and Tents and offer to him men in Sacrifice The Countries spread verie large and by reason that the Riuers doo diuers times ouerflowe their bankes there is euerie where great store of good pasture But some places are in all other respectes so barreine that the inhabiters for lacke of woodde are faine to make fyre of bones Of Thrace The second Chapter NExt vnto these is Thrace and the same extending wholy inward from the front that beareth vpon the side of Pontus euen vnto the Illyrians where spreading into sides it butteth vpon the Riuer Ister and the Sea It is a Countrie chéerefull neither in ayre nor soyle and sauing where it approcheth to the Sea vnfruitfull cold and a verie euill cherrisher of such thinges as are eyther set or sowen Scarce any where dooth it beare an Apple trée but Uines somewhat more commonlie howbeit the Grapes ripe not ne come to any good verdure vnlesse it be where the kéepers haue fenced them with boughes to beare of the colde It is somewhat more fréendlie in cherrishing of men though it be not to the outward showe for they be harde fauoured and vncomelie shaped Howbeit in respect of fiercenesse and number to haue them many and vnmercifull it is most fruitfull It sendeth fewe Riuers into the Sea but those verie famous as Hebrus Nestos and Strymon Innermore it rayseth vp the Mountaines Haemus Rhodope and Orbele renowmed with the Ceremonies of Bacchus and with the flocking of the Maenades when Orpheus first gaue them orders and trained them to that Religion Of the which hilles Haemus mounteth to such a height that in the toppe thereof a man maye sée both the Sea of Pontus and the Sea of Adria One onelie Nation of the Thracians inhabites the whole Countrie termed by sundrie names and endewed with diuers dispositions Some are vtterlie wilde and verie willing to die namelie the Gets and that is stablished through sundrie opinions For some of them thinke that the soules of them that die shall returne into their bodies againe An other sort thinke that though the soules returne not yet they die not but passe into a blessedder state Others thinke they die but that dying is better then to liue And therfore among some of them the childebeddes are sorrowfull and they mourne for them that be borne and contrariwise the burialles are ioyful and solemnized with singing and playing as if they were high holie dayes Not so much as the women haue cowardlie or faint courages for they sue euen with all their hearts to be killed vpon the carkases of their dead husbandes and to be buried with them And because the men haue many wiues at once they pleade verie earnestlie before Iudges which of them may come to that honour It is imputed to their good behauiour and it is the greatest ioye to them that can be to get the vpper hand in this kinde of sute The rest of the women fall a wéeping and shréeke out with most bitter complaintes But such as are minded to comfort them bring their armour and ritches to the Hearse and there professing themselues ready to compound with the destinie of him that lyeth dead or else to fight against it if they could come by it when neither money nor fighting can take place continew wooers at the pleasure of the widdowes whome they like of The Maydens when they shall marrie are not bestowed at the discretion of their Parents but are openlie either let out to be married or else solde Which of these shall befall vnto them procéedeth of their beautie and behauiour The honest and beautifull yéeld a good price the other are faine to buie husbandes to marrie them The vse of Wine is to some of them vnknowne neuerthelesse when they are making good chéere as they are sitting about the fires they cast in a kinde of séede whose sent prouoketh them to a certaine mirth like vnto droonkennesse On the Sea coast next vnto Ister is the Cittie Istrople and next vnto that Galatis builded by the Milesians and Tritonice and the Hauen Carie and the foreland Tiristris immediatly beyond the which is an other Angle of Pontus directlie ouer against the Angle of Phasis and it were like vnto it but that it is larger Héere perished Bizone by an earthquake There also is the Hauen Crunos and the Citties of Dennysople Odessos Messembria Anchialos and in the innermost bosome of the Baye where Pontus finisheth an other of his windinges with an Angle the great Cittie Apollonia From hence it goeth with a direct coast sauing that almost in the middes it shooteth out a Foreland called Thinâ—â—a and turneth inward to it selfe with crooked bankes and beareth the Citties Halmydesse and Phyleas and Phinople Hitherto is Pontus and héereafter is the Bosphor and Propontis In the Bosphor is Bizance and on Propontis are Selymbria Perinthus Bathynis and running betwéen
farre into the Land and spreading verie broade but yet broadest where it pearceth in is besette with the Countries of Illyricke vnto Tergestum and the residue with the Nations of Italie and Fraunce The Parthiâ—nes and Dassarets possesse the first partes of it The next by little and little is possessed â—y the Euchelies and Pheakes afterward are they that be properlie called Illyrians then the Pyreans and Lyburnes and Histrich Of Citties the first is Oricum the second Dyrrachium called before Epidamnum vntil the Romanes changed the name because it séemed to them to be a forespeaking of euil lucke towards them when they went thether Beyond are Apollonia Salon Iader Naron Tragurie the Baye of Pola and the Cittie Pola inhabited as report goeth by men of Colchos and now as thinges altar peopled by the Romanes Also there are the Riuers Aeas and Nar and Danow which is spoken of before by the name of Ister But Aeas falleth into the Sea by Apollonia and Nar betwéen the Pyreans and Liburnes and Ister through Istrich Tergestum which is scituate in the innermost nooke of Adria endeth Illyrich Of Italie The fowrth Chapter SOmewhat shalbe saide of Italie rather because order so requireth then for that it néedeth any setting out for all thinges are known At the Alpes it beginneth to mount in height and as it procéedeth raysing it selfe in the middes it runneth foorth with a continuall ridge betwéene the Adriatishe and Turkishe Seas or as they are otherwise tearmed betwéene the vpper Sea and the neather Sea a great while whole but when he hath gone farre he splitteth into two hornes whereof the one faceth the Sea of Sicill and the other the Iâ—nishe Sea It is through out narrowe and in some place much narrower than where it began The inner partes thereof are inhabited by sundrie Nations On the left side the Carnies and Venetians possesse Gallia togata Then follow Italian people the Picents the Frentanes the Daunians the Appulians the Calabrians and the Salentines On the right side vnder the Alpes are the Ligurians and vnder Appenine is Hetruria After that is Latium the Volscies Campane and aboue Lucanie are the Brutians Of Citties inhabited farre from the Sea the wealthiest on the left hand are Padua builded by Antenor and Mutina and Bononiâ— builded by the Romanes and on the right hand Capua builded by the Thuscanes and Rome in olde tyme founded by Shéepheardes but nowe if it should be treated of according to the woorthinesse an other whole worke of it selfe In the Sea coast next to Tergestum is Concord Through it runneth the Riuer Timauus which rysing from nine headdes falleth into the Sea with one mouth Then the Riuer Natiso not farre from the Sea passeth by the ritch Towâ—e Aquileia beyond which is Altine The Riuer Po occupieth a large space in the vpper shore For he ryseth out of the verie foote of the Mountaine Vesulus and gathering himselfe at the first of lyttle springes runneth a while lanke and leane but anon after he so increaseth and is so fedde with other Riuers that at the last he emptieth himselfe with seuen mouthes One of these they call great Po and he gusheth out of it so swiftlie that beating aside the waues he carrieth his streame a great while in the same sort that he sent it out of the Landes ende and kéepeth his channell styll euen in the Sea vntyll the Riuer Ister flushing with lyke violence out of the shore ouer against him dooth méete with him Héereby it comes to passe that as men sayle through those places where the saide Riuers come on both sides they drawe vp freshe water among the waues of the Sea From Po to Ancona ward the waye lyes by Rauenna Armâ—ne Pisaure the fraunchised Towne of Fane and the Riuers Metaurus and Esis And in the verie skirt of those two Forelandes méeting one against an other standeth the saide Towne of Ancona which hath that name giuen it by the Greekes because the scituation thereof resembleth the bowing of a mans elbowe and it is as a bound betwéene the Marches of the French and Italian Nations For when men are passed this Towne they come vpon the coast of Picene wherein are the Citties Numana Potentia Claterna and Cupra the Castles of Firmum Adria and Truent with a Riuer running thereby of the same name From thence is the Sea coast of Senogallia vnto the mouth of the Riuer Aterne the Citties whereof are Bucar and Histon The Daunians haue the Riuer Tiferne the Citties Cliterne Lucrine and Theane and the Mountaine Garganus There is a Baye in Appulia inclosed with a whole shore which is called Vrias of small roome and for the most part rough to come vnto Uttermore is Sypunt or as the Greeks call it Sypius a riuer that runneth by Canusium and is called Aufidus Afterward are Barium Egnatia and Rudie ennobled with Ennius who was of that Cittie And in Calabria are Brunduse Valece Lupie and Mount Hydrus together with the plaines of Salent and the Sea coast of Salent and a Greeke Cittie named Gallipole Hitherto extendeth the Adriatishe Sea and hitherto extendeth the one side of Italie The front of it as we haue saide splitteth into two hornes But the Sea that is receyued in betwéene them both being once or twice disseuered with thin Forelandes is not enuironed with one whole banke nor receiued open and at large on leuell shore but in Bayes The first is called the Baye of Tarent which lyeth betwéene the Forelandes of Sale and Lacinium and in it are Tarent Metapont Heracle Croto and Turium The second is called the Baye of Scyllace betwéene the Forelandes of Pacinium and Zephyrium wherein are Petilia Caecine Scyllace and Mistre The third which is betwéene Zephyrium and Brutium enuironeth Consiline Caulone and Locres In Brutium are the Kinges Pillar Regium Scylla Taurian and Metaure From hence is the turning into the Tuscan Sea and to the other side of the same Land on the which side are Terine Hippo now called Vibon Temesa Clampetia Blanda Buxent Velia Palinure sometime the name of y e Maister of Aeneas Ship and now the name of a place the Baye of Pesta and the Towne of Pesta the Riuer Silarus the Cittie Picentia the Rockes which the Mermaides dwelt in the Foreland called Mineruaes Mount the fatte groundes of Lucanie the Baye of Puteolis the Citties of Surrent and Herculean the view of the Mountaine Vesuuius the Pompeyes Naples Puteolis the Lakes of Lucrine and Auerne the Bathes Missene now the 〈◊〉 of a place sometime the name of a Troiane Souldiour Cumes Linterne the Riuer Vulturne the Towne Vulturne the delectable Sea coast of Campane Sinuessa Liris Minturne â—ormie Fundie Tarracine Circes house sometime called Circey Autium Aphrodisium Arde Laurent and Ostia on the hither side of Tyber Beyond it are Pyrgie Anio Newcastle Grauiske Cossa Telamon Populon Cecine and Pises places and names of Hetruria Then
Luna â—igurum and â—iguria and Geane and Sabatia and Albigaunum Then hath it the Riuers Paule and Varus both falling from the Alpes but Varus is better knowne because it endeth Italie The Alpes themselues spreading farre and wide from these shores doo first run a great step into the North and when they haue touched Germanie then turning their race they goe foorth into the East and disseuering cruell Nations extend euen into Thrace Of the Prouince of Narbon The fift Chapter GAllia being deuided by the Lake Leman and the MouÌ„taine Gebenna into two sides whereof the one butteth vppon the Tuscan Sea and the other vpon the Occean extendeth on the one side from Varus and on the other side from the Rhine vnto the MouÌ„taine Pyrene The part that bordereth vppon our Sea was sometime called Braccata and is now called the prouince of Narbone and is more inhabited and tylled and therefore also more chéerfull Of the Citties that it hath the wealthiest are Vasio of the Vocontians Vienna of the Allobrogians Auenio of the Cauars Nemausus of the Arecomikes Tolous of the Tectosages Aurasio of the Secundanes Arelate of the Sextanes and Blitera of the Septumanes But before them all steppeth the place where the Atacines and Decumanes dwelt from whence succour was ministred to all those Countries which place is nowe the Martiall Narbo the name-giuer and beautie of the whole Prouince On the Sea coastes are a fewe places of some reputation But the Citties stand thinne because there are fewe Hauens and all that quarter lyeth open to the South and South-west windes Nicea toucheth the Alpes and so doth the Towne of Deceate and so dooth Antipolis Afterwardes is Iulius Markette a Towne builded by the Octauians and then foorth Athenople and Olbia and Glauon and Citarist and Halycidon the Hauen of Marsilles in it the Towne of Marsilles it selfe This being founded by the Phoceans and builded in olde time among boistrous Nations hath now brought them in awe and made them good neighbours farre vnlyke to that they were before It is a woonderfull thing how easilie it then tooke sure setling and vnto this daye kéepeth the olde custome Betwéene it and Rhone lyeth Marius Ditch vpon the Sea side néere vnto the Poole of the Auatikes That shore carrieth a part of the saide Riuer into the Sea in a channell able to beare Ships otherwise it is but a rascall banke all stonie where the report goeth that Hercules fighting against Albion and Bergion the sonnes of Neptune and hauing spent all his Artillerie called vppon his Father Iupiter who rayned downe stones to helpe him with and a man would beléeue it had rained stones in déede there lye so many and that euerie where and so farre of The Riuer Rhone springeth not farre from the heads of Ister and Rhyne and then being receyued into the Lake Losan he holdeth on his race and forcing himselfe whole through the middes of it passeth out as great as he entered in From thence being carried backe into the West he deuideth Gallia a while and then turninig his course Southward kéepeth so foorth on and becomming nowe great with the resort of other Riuers and continuallie wexing greater runneth â—ut at the Landes â—nd betwéene the Volscies and the Cauers Beyond are the Pooles of the Volscies the Riuer Lede the Castle Latara and the Hyll Mesna enuironed almost round about with the Sea and but that it hangeth by a narrowe Cawsie to the Land a verie Ile Then Soan falling out of the Mountaines of Auueâ—ne runneth into the Sea by Agatha and Obris by Bliters Atax comming downe from the Mountaine Pyrene as long as he hath none but the waters of his owne spring runneth smal and shallowe and yet a great channell howbeit not able to beare a Shippe any where sauing where he passeth by Narbone But when he swelleth with winter showres he is woont to ryse so high that his bankes be not able to holde him in A Lake receyueth him named Rubresus verie large but where the Sea entreth into it narrowe mouthed Beyond is Leucata as shore so named and the Fountaine of Salsusa which sheadeth water not swéete but more brackishe than the water of the Sea Hard by is a Féeld verie gréene with short and slender Réede but floting vpon a Poole that is vnderneath it That it is so the middle part of it plainlie proueth which being cutte off from the rest about it swimmeth lyke an Ile and suffereth it selfe to be shooued and drawne too and fro Moreouer by those places that are cut through appeareth the Sea sheaded vnderneath it Wherevpon whether it were through ignoraunce of the trueth or that they were purposelie disposed to make a leasing it lyked as well our Authors as also the Greekes to leaue in writing vnto such as should come after that Fishe was digged out of the whole ground in that Countrie which in déede comming out of the déepe Sea thether and there being killed by such as babbed for them was drawne dead out of the foresaide holes From thence is the coast of the Sardones and the lyttle brookes of Thelis and Thicis which are verie noysome when they rise with any rage of water and Ruscinum a Towne of the Romanes and the Uillage Eliberris which sometime was a great Cittie and nowe is but a slender Monument of great wealth Then betwéene the Forelandes of Pyrene is the Hauen of Venus in a Baye of salt-water and a place called Ceruaria which is the ende of Gallia Of Spaine The sixt Chapter THe Mountaine Pyrene first runneth from hence into the Britishe Occean and then turning with a front into the mayne Land breaketh into Spaine and shutting out the lesser part of it on the right hand stretcheth out a long in one whole ridge vntyll such tyme as hauing passed a long race through all the Countrie it come to those shores that are butting vppon the West Spaine it selfe sauing where it boundeth vppon Fraunce is enuironed round about with the Sea Where it cleaueth vnto Fraunce there is it narrowest then widening it selfe by little and little into our Sea and the Occean and wexing larger and larger it runneth into the West and there becommeth broadest It is so plenteous and fruitfull of Men Horsses Iron Leade Brasse Siluer and Golde that if in any place it be fruitlesse and vnlike it selfe for want of water yet it beareth Flaxe and Spart It is distinguished by thrée names one part is called Tarraconensis an other Boetica and the thirde Lusitania Tarraconensis butting with the one headde thereof against Fraunce and with the other vpon Boetica and Lusitania thrusteth out his sides Southward to our midland Sea and Northward to the Brittish Occean The Riuer Anas parteth Boetica from Lusitania and therfore Boetica looketh into both the Seas that is to saye Westward into the Athlantish Occean
Townes Aleria and Marian are Sardinia butting vpon the Sea of Affricke sauing that it is narrower Westward than Eastward is alike square on all sides and euerie where somewhat larger than Corsica where it is largest It is fruitfull and of better soyle then ayre for as it is fruitfull so is it almost pestilent In it the auncientest people are the Ilians and the auncientest Citties are Calaris and Sulchie But on the coast of Fraunce there are none woorthy to be treated of saue onelie the Stechades which are spread from the coast of Ligurie vnto Masâ—ilia The Baleards in Spaine scituate against the coast of Tarraconensis are not farre distant one from an other and of their bignesse they take their agréeable names of Maiorica and Minorica In Minorica are the Castles of Iamno and Mago and in Maiorica are the Romane Townes Palma and Polentia The Ile Ebusus being scituate directlie ouer against the Foreland of Ferrara which is in the Bay of Sucron hath a Cittie of the same name onelie barreine of Corne but of other thinges plentifull and so cléere from all noysome creatures that it suffereth not somuch as those that of wild thinges are made tame to bréede and encrease neither can abide them to be brought in Of a contrarie nature is Colubraria wherof it commeth to my minde to write For although it swarme with many kindes of hurtfull Serpents and be therefor vninhabitable yet notwithstanding when men arriue there if they bring of the earth of Ebusus with them as many as are within the precinct that is strowed about with that earth are safe without perill and the Serpentes which otherwise would aduenture to méete them and assault them shunning the sight of the dust or rather some other secretâ— power thereof flie farre of for feare ⧠The thyrd Booke of that woorthy Cosmographer Pomponius Mela concerning the scituation of the world The vttermost shores of Spaine The first Chapter THE coast of our mid-land Sea is already spoken of and the Iles that it conteineth are spoken of also Now remaineth that circuite which as we haue saide at the beginning is enuironed with the great Occean that vnmeasurable Sea which raging with great tydes for they so terme the mouinges thereof one while floweth into the féeldes and an other while leauing them a great way bare flieth backe from one to an other successinelie and not turning by enterchaungeable course eft into one and eft into an other But when he hath powred himselfe whole together out of the middes into all shores as well of Ilandes as of maine landes though they be contrarie one against other he gathereth from them againe into the middes and retireth into himselfe rushing foorth alwaies with such violence that he driueth backe hudge streames and eyther taketh the Beasts of the Land vnwares or else leaueth the Beasts of the Sea waterlesse Neither is it yet certainlie knowne whether the world cause it with his panting and vttereth out on all sides about him the water that he had drawne in with his breath for as it seemeth to the learned sort the world 〈◊〉 a lyuing wight or whether there be some hollowe Caues in the ground for the ebbing Seas to retire into and to lyft themselues out againe when they are too full or whether the Moone be the cause of so great fléetings This is certaine that according to the rysing and going downe of the Moone the course of the Occean varieth and kéepeth not one ordinarie time but as she mounteth or falleth so we perceiue it to go and come When men are come out hither and pursue those parts that are on the right hand the Athlantish Occean and the coast of the front of Boetica receyueth them which lyeth in manner streight vnto the Riuer Anas sauing that once or twice it withdraweth a lyttle into it selfe The Turdules and Bastule inhabite it In the hithermost Bay is a Hauen which they call Gadâ—â— Hauen and a Wood which they call Oleastre Then on the shore is the Castle of Ebor and farre from the shore is the Romane Towne Asta and without the Baye is the Temple and Altar of Iuno In the verie Sea is the Tombe of Geryon set rather vppon a Rocke then in an Ile The Riuer Boetis comming out of the Countrie of Tarracon runneth a long while almost through the middle of this Countrie in one channell as he sprang vp at his head But afterward hauing made a great Lake not farre from the Sea he ryseth double as it were out of one spring and issueth out as great in either of them as he came in single in his owne Then boweth there an other Baye inward vnto the ende of the Shore vpon the which Baye standeâ— the little Townes of Olitingie and Onoba Beyond the Riuer Anas Lusitunia on that side where it looketh into the Athlantishe Occean steppeth out at the first with a great bulke into the déepe and afterward shrinking backe againe retireth further inward than â—oetica Where it beareth foreward it receyueth the Sea twise into it and so is deuided into thrée Forelands That which is next the Riuer Anas because it passeth foorth from a broad base and by little and little groweth into a narrowe point is called Cuâ—eus Ager The second they call Holy Head and the third Great Head In the Wedge are Mâ—tylis Balsa and Ossobona In Holie Head are Lacobriga and Hanniballes Hauen and on the Great Head is Ebora Betwéene these thrée Heads are the Bayes in the hithermost wherof is Salacia in the other is the City Vlisippo and the mouth of the Riuer Tagus which ingendreth Gold and precious Stones From these Forelandes to that parte which retired backe is opened a great winding gap wherin be the olde Turdules and their Townes and the Riuers Monda and Durius of which Monda runneth out almost through the middest of the side of the last mentioned Foreland and Durius swéepeth by the verie roote of it That Front for a while hath a direct shore which afterward making a little winding shooteth foorth anon againe and then shrinking in once or twise procéedeth right foorth with a direct banke vnto the Foreland which we call Celticke All this Coast is inhabited by the Celts from the Riuer Durius to the bought of Gronium through their borders runne the Riuers Auo Celandus Nebis Minius and which beareth the name of forgetfulnesse Limia The bought it selfe imbracing the Cittie Lambriaca receyueth the Riuers of Ieâ—na and Via The foremost part of the bought is inhabited by the Presamarkes through whose Country the Riuers Tamaris and Sâ—rs hauing their heads not farre one from an other doo runne into the Sea Tamaris at the Hauen of Artabrie and Sars at a Towre renowmed with the name of Augustus The rest of the Countrie beyond is inhabited by the Tamarikes and Nerians who be the last on that coast For