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and_o many_o of_o the_o chief_a citizen_n to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o commit_v to_o diverse_a several_a prison_n then_o he_o câ—zed_v all_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o ordain_v that_o no_o mayor_n shall_v any_o more_o be_v elect_v but_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v at_o his_o pleasure_n appoint_v a_o warden_n and_o governonâ—_n over_o the_o city_n this_o office_n be_v first_o commit_v to_o sir_n edward_n darlington_n who_o for_o his_o gentleness_n towards_o the_o citizen_n be_v short_o after_o removoe_v and_o sir_n baldwine_n radington_n place_v in_o his_o room_n also_o the_o king_n be_v induce_v or_o rather_o seduce_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n lord_n chancellor_n to_o remove_v the_o term_n and_o court_n to_o wit_n the_o chancery_n the_o exchequer_n the_o king_n bench_n the_o hamper_n and_o the_o common_a plea_n from_o london_n to_o be_v keep_v at_o york_n where_o the_o same_o continue_a from_o midsummer_n in_o the_o year_n 1393._o until_o 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among_o those_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n have_v cause_v the_o death_n of_o no_o man_n but_o only_o in_o the_o field_n then_o be_v a_o oath_n exact_v of_o the_o king_n to_o stand_v to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o also_o a_o oath_n be_v take_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n within_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a unto_o the_o king_n the_o king_n in_o take_v this_o oath_n of_o the_o lord_n bewray_v his_o inward_a conceit_n by_o his_o open_a countenance_n look_v pleasant_o on_o those_o he_o favour_v and_o angry_o on_o those_o who_o he_o hate_v by_o which_o untimely_a discovery_n he_o make_v they_o more_o heedful_a and_o himself_o more_o hateful_a which_o be_v occasion_n afterward_o both_o to_o prevente_v the_o revenge_n which_o he_o much_o desire_v and_o to_o procure_v the_o mischief_n which_o he_o little_o fear_v last_o a_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v and_o to_o the_o king_n come_v as_o it_o be_v to_o a_o capitulation_n with_o the_o lord_n he_o to_o have_v 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but_o the_o earl_n command_v his_o archer_n to_o break_v through_o and_o make_v passage_n despise_v the_o enemy_n who_o he_o know_v to_o be_v weak_a and_o unskilful_a in_o service_n and_o not_o to_o have_v that_o advantage_n in_o place_n which_o he_o have_v in_o man_n the_o frenchman_n also_o sharp_o set_v in_o &_o second_v the_o english_a and_o so_o while_o both_o company_n contend_v the_o one_o to_o be_v account_v a_o help_n &_o the_o other_o to_o seem_v to_o need_v no_o help_n the_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v and_o leave_v the_o shore_n unto_o the_o christian_n in_o this_o conflict_n three_o duke_n of_o the_o barbarian_n and_o above_o three_o hundred_o soldier_n be_v slay_v and_o in_o the_o flight_n four_o duke_n be_v take_v and_o a_o great_a yet_o uncertain_a number_n of_o common_a people_n then_o the_o christian_n march_v direct_o towards_o tunis_n the_o head_n city_n of_o that_o country_n this_o they_o besiege_v &_o in_o short_a time_n take_v chief_o by_o the_o prowess_n 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furnish_v with_o man_n the_o christian_n lay_v siege_n to_o this_o castle_n the_o space_n of_o five_o week_n during_o which_o time_n they_o lose_v many_o of_o their_o man_n yet_o not_o by_o sword_n but_o by_o sickness_n the_o barbarian_n also_o be_v distress_v with_o want_n of_o victual_n have_v but_o little_a provision_n and_o many_o unprofitable_a mouth_n to_o consume_v it_o hereupon_o they_o send_v unto_o the_o christian_n to_o desire_v peace_n offer_v they_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o their_o country_n this_o the_o christian_n accept_v upon_o condition_n that_o they_o may_v also_o free_o carry_v with_o they_o all_o their_o prey_n and_o prisoner_n and_o that_o the_o barbarian_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o surcease_v from_o make_v spoil_n upon_o any_o of_o the_o coast_n of_o italy_n or_o france_n thus_o have_v this_o voyage_n a_o prosperous_a and_o speedy_a end_n the_o only_a service_n as_o i_o suppose_v which_o the_o english_a and_o frenchmen_n perform_v together_o without_o jot_n of_o jar_n and_o yet_o the_o earl_n abuse_v not_o the_o fortune_n of_o this_o success_n to_o vain_a vaunt_a or_o brave_v in_o word_n but_o moderate_o impart_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o exploit_n so_o by_o valyanâ—y_n perform_v his_o charge_n and_o spare_o speak_v thereof_o his_o glory_n increase_v without_o bit_n of_o envy_n in_o the_o fifteen_o and_o sixteenth_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n 1392_o certain_a cause_n of_o discontentment_n do_v grow_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o londoner_n 1393_o which_o set_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o other_o at_o great_a separation_n and_o distance_n one_o be_v for_o that_o the_o king_n will_v have_v borrow_v of_o they_o a_o thousand_o pound_n which_o they_o feel_a much_o
in_o death_n and_o find_v the_o weakness_n and_o fault_n of_o the_o counsel_n which_o you_o be_v about_o to_o follow_v many_o like_a speech_n be_v with_o great_a vehemency_n often_o repeat_v but_o the_o king_n ear_n be_v stop_v against_o all_o impression_n of_o manhood_n and_o as_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o govern_v himself_o in_o his_o prosperous_a estate_n so_o be_v he_o much_o less_o sufficient_a to_o wind_v out_o of_o these_o intricate_a trouble_n therefore_o perceive_v himself_o so_o strait_o beset_v that_o he_o can_v hardly_o either_o escape_v away_o or_o shift_v any_o long_o he_o desire_v speech_n with_o tho._n arundel_n archbish_n of_o cant._n &_o l._n hen._n percy_n earl_n of_o northumb._n of_o who_o the_o one_o he_o have_v banish_v the_o other_o he_o have_v proclaim_v traitor_n not_o long_o before_o these_o two_o come_v unto_o he_o &_o the_o king_n upon_o short_a conference_n understand_v what_o stiff_a stomach_n they_o bear_v against_o he_o be_v content_v not_o to_o demand_v 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solemn_a estate_n and_o send_v forth_o summons_n in_o the_o king_n name_n for_o a_o parliament_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o last_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o deliberate_v with_o his_o kindred_n and_o kind_a friend_n concern_v the_o order_n of_o his_o proceed_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n who_o a_o little_a before_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o king_n &_o they_o be_v the_o chief_a direct_a of_o the_o duke_n think_v it_o best_o that_o k._n richard_n shall_v both_o voluntary_o resign_v &_o also_o solemn_o be_v depose_v by_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o state_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o resignation_n only_o will_v be_v impute_v to_o fear_v and_o deprivation_n to_o force_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v always_o pity_v and_o the_o other_o envy_v but_o if_o both_o concur_v and_o his_o desire_n be_v combine_v with_o his_o desert_n be_v willing_a to_o forsake_v that_o which_o he_o be_v adjudge_v worthy_a to_o 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have_v foster_v it_o as_o they_o do_v with_o garland_n statue_n trophy_n and_o triumph_n in_o which_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o short_a but_o in_o history_n of_o worth_n it_o be_v only_o perpetual_a this_o cicero_n perceive_v he_o deal_v with_o luceius_n to_o commit_v his_o action_n to_o the_o monument_n of_o his_o writing_n and_o pliny_n the_o young_a do_v wish_v that_o he_o may_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o cornelius_n tacitus_n because_o he_o do_v foresee_v that_o they_o shall_v never_o decay_v but_o these_o be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o lead_v away_o with_o a_o lust_n either_o to_o flatter_v or_o to_o deface_v whereby_o the_o creadite_n of_o history_n be_v quite_o overthrow_v yet_o the_o endeavour_n to_o curry_v favour_n be_v more_o easy_o dislike_v as_o bear_v with_o it_o a_o open_a note_n of_o servility_n and_o therefore_o alexander_n when_o he_o hear_v aristobulus_n read_v many_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v write_v of_o he_o far_o above_o truth_n as_o he_o be_v sail_v the_o flood_n hidaspis_n he_o throw_v the_o book_n into_o the_o river_n and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v almost_o move_v to_o send_v aristobulus_n after_o for_o his_o servile_a deal_n but_o envious_a carp_n carry_v a_o counterfeit_a show_n of_o liberty_n and_o thereby_o find_v the_o better_a acceptance_n and_o since_o i_o be_o enter_v into_o this_o point_n it_o may_v seem_v not_o impertinent_a to_o write_v of_o the_o stile_n of_o a_o history_n what_o beginning_n what_o continuance_n and_o what_o mean_a be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o all_o matter_n what_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v suppress_v what_o light_o touch_v and_o what_o to_o be_v treat_v at_o large_a how_o credit_n may_v be_v win_v and_o suspicion_n avoid_v what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o order_n of_o time_n and_o description_n of_o place_n and_o other_o such_o circumstance_n of_o weight_n what_o liberty_n a_o writer_n may_v use_v in_o frame_v speech_n and_o in_o declare_v the_o cause_n counsel_n and_o evente_n of_o thing_n do_v how_o far_o he_o must_v bend_v himself_o to_o profit_n and_o when_o and_o how_o he_o may_v play_v upon_o pleasure_n but_o this_o be_v too_o large_a a_o field_n to_o enter_v into_o therefore_o lest_o i_o shall_v run_v into_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o mindian_o who_o make_v their_o gate_n wide_a than_o their_o town_n i_o will_v here_o close_o up_o only_o wish_v that_o all_o our_o english_a history_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o dross_n of_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a english_a that_o by_o pleasure_n in_o read_v they_o the_o profit_n in_o know_v they_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v attain_a the_o first_o parte_fw-la of_o the_o life_n and_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o extend_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o noble_a and_o victorious_a prince_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v his_o fortunate_a gift_n of_o a_o long_a &_o prosperous_a reign_n over_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n much_o strengthen_v and_o adorn_v by_o nature_n supply_n of_o seven_o goodly_a son_n edward_n his_o elder_a son_n prince_n of_o wales_n common_o call_v the_o black_a prince_n william_n of_o hatfield_n lyonel_n duke_n of_o clarence_n john_n of_o gaunt_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n edmund_n of_o langley_n duke_n of_o york_n thomas_n of_o woodstock_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o william_n of_o windsor_n these_o son_n during_o the_o life_n of_o their_o renown_a father_n be_v such_o ornament_n and_o such_o stay_v to_o his_o estate_n as_o it_o seem_v no_o great_a can_v be_v annex_v thereunto_o for_o neither_o army_n nor_o strong_a hold_n be_v so_o great_a defence_n to_o a_o prince_n as_o the_o multitude_n of_o child_n fort_n may_v decay_v and_o force_n decrease_v and_o both_o decline_v and_o fall_v away_o either_o by_o variety_n of_o fortune_n or_o inconstancy_n of_o man_n desire_n but_o a_o man_n own_o blood_n cleave_v close_o unto_o he_o not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o bliss_n of_o prosperity_n which_o be_v equal_o impart_v to_o other_o as_o in_o the_o cross_n of_o calamity_n which_o touch_v none_o so_o near_o as_o those_o that_o be_v near_a by_o nature_n but_o in_o succeed_a time_n they_o become_v in_o their_o offspring_n the_o seminary_n of_o division_n and_o discord_n to_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o their_o family_n and_o great_a waist_n and_o weaken_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n for_o they_o that_o have_v equal_a dignity_n of_o birth_n and_o blood_n can_v hardly_o stoop_v to_o term_n of_o sovereignty_n but_o upon_o every_o offer_n of_o occasion_n will_v aspire_v to_o endure_v rather_o no_o equal_a then_o any_o superior_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o hatred_n of_o those_o that_o be_v near_a in_o kind_n be_v most_o dispitefull_a &_o deadly_a if_o it_o once_o break_v forth_o the_o fear_n of_o this_o humour_n cause_v remulus_n to_o embrewe_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n and_o empire_n of_o rome_n with_o the_o blood_n of_o his_o brother_n remus_n according_a to_o which_o example_n the_o tyrant_n of_o turkey_n those_o butcher_n of_o satan_n do_v common_o at_o this_o day_n begin_v their_o reign_n with_o the_o death_n and_o slaughter_n of_o all_o their_o brethren_n prince_n edward_n the_o thunderbolt_n of_o war_n in_o his_o time_n dye_v during_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n and_o although_o he_o be_v cut_v off_o in_o the_o middle_a course_n and_o principal_a strength_n of_o his_o age_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o honour_n and_o fame_n he_o live_v with_o the_o long_a have_v in_o all_o part_n fulfil_v the_o measure_n of_o true_a nobiliâ—e_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o young_a some_o call_v richard_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v crown_v king_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o afterward_o die_v childless_a william_n of_o hatfield_n king_n edward_n second_o son_n die_v also_o without_o issue_n leave_v no_o other_o memory_n of_o his_o name_n but_o the_o mention_n only_o liâ—â—â—ll_o duke_n of_o clarence_n the_o three_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v a_o man_n of_o comely_a personage_n of_o speech_n and_o pace_n stately_a in_o other_o quality_n of_o a_o middle_a temperature_n neither_o to_o be_v admire_v nor_o contemn_v as_o rather_o void_a of_o ill_a part_n then_o furnish_v with_o good_a he_o have_v issue_n philip_n his_o only_a daughter_n who_o be_v join_v in_o marriage_n to_o edmunde_n mortimer_n earl_n of_o march_n who_o in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n be_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n declare_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v die_v without_o child_n but_o not_o many_o year_n after_o he_o die_v leave_v issue_n by_o the_o say_v philip_n roger_n mortimer_n earl_n of_o march_n this_o roger_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o rude_a and_o tumultuous_a war_n of_o ireland_n and_o have_v issue_n edmund_n anne_n and_o elienor_n edmund_n and_o elienor_n die_v without_o issue_n anne_n be_v marry_v to_o richard_n earl_n of_o cambridge_n son_n to_o edmund_n of_o lâ—ngley_n duke_n of_o york_n the_o five_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n of_o these_o two_o come_v richard_n 〈◊〉_d duke_n of_o york_n who_o by_o the_o right_n â—â—uolued_v to_o he_o from_o his_o mother_n make_v open_a claim_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o be_v then_o possess_v by_o the_o family_n of_o lancaster_n first_o by_o law_n in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v the_o thirty_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_o where_o either_o by_o right_n or_o by_o favour_n his_o cause_n have_v such_o furtherance_n that_o after_o king_n henry_n shall_v die_v the_o crown_n be_v entail_v to_o he_o and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o blood_n for_o ever_o but_o the_o duke_n impatient_a to_o linger_v in_o hope_n choose_v rather_o to_o endure_v any_o danger_n than_o such_o delay_n whereupon_o he_o enter_v into_o arm_n soon_o after_o against_o king_n henry_n in_o the_o field_n but_o be_v carry_v further_o by_o courage_n then_o by_o force_n he_o can_v bear_v through_o he_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o wakefield_n and_o leave_v his_o title_n to_o edward_n his_o elder_a son_n who_o with_o invincible_a persistance_n do_v prosecute_v the_o enterprise_n and_o after_o great_a variety_n of_o fortune_n at_o the_o last_o achieve_v it_o john_n of_o gaunâ—_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n the_o four_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v a_o man_n of_o high_a and_o hardy_a spirit_n but_o his_o fortune_n be_v many_o time_n not_o answerable_a either_o to_o his_o force_n or_o to_o his_o forecast_n he_o have_v two_o son_n henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n of_o who_o i_o purpose_v chief_o to_o treat_v and_o john_n earl_n of_o somerset_n this_o john_n be_v father_n to_o john_n duke_n of_o somerset_n who_o have_v issue_n margaret_n countess_n of_o richmond_n mother_n
whole_o govern_v by_o certain_a new-found_a and_o new-fangled_a favourite_n vulgar_a in_o birth_n corrupt_v in_o quality_n have_v no_o sufficiency_n either_o of_o conncell_n for_o peace_n or_o of_o courage_n for_o war_n who_o be_v of_o all_o man_n the_o most_o unhonest_a and_o the_o most_o unable_a with_o hatefulness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o contempt_n of_o the_o other_o be_v general_o despise_v in_o all_o the_o realm_n that_o hereby_o first_a the_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n person_n be_v much_o blemish_v for_o ungrate_a and_o ungracious_a adherentes_fw-la be_v always_o the_o way_n to_o hatred_n and_o contempt_n second_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o state_n may_v be_v endanger_v for_o extraordinary_a favour_n to_o man_n apparent_o of_o weak_a or_o bad_a desert_n do_v breed_v insolency_n in_o they_o and_o discontentment_n in_o other_o too_o dangerous_a humour_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n three_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v much_o impair_v who_o fortune_n and_o valour_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o ill_a chance_n of_o such_o unlucky_a leader_n stand_v never_o in_o the_o like_a term_n of_o doubt_n and_o distress_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o peace_n be_v tumultuous_a and_o uncertain_a and_o archivement_n of_o war_n be_v never_o bring_v to_o honourable_a conclufion_n that_o alexander_n seâ—â—â—â—s_n will_v have_v smoke_v such_o seller_n of_o smoke_n that_o xerxes_n will_v have_v pull_v their_o skin_n over_o their_o ear_n and_o high_a time_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v look_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o nobility_n grow_v out_o of_o hart_n the_o commons_o out_o of_o hope_n and_o all_o the_o people_n fall_v to_o a_o discontent_a murmur_a and_o this_o he_o say_v as_o he_o say_v not_o for_o any_o grudge_n but_o for_o grief_n and_o goodwill_n and_o therefore_o desire_v the_o duke_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o well_o hear_v with_o the_o king_n to_o discover_v unto_o he_o these_o deformity_n and_o danger_n that_o by_o repair_v the_o one_o he_o may_v happy_o repel_v the_o other_o these_o word_n procure_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o hereforde_n both_o great_a offence_n and_o great_a glory_n at_o the_o delivery_n whereof_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n make_v show_v of_o good_a like_n and_o promise_v of_o sincere_a deal_n and_o in_o deed_n if_o they_o have_v be_v as_o faithful_o report_v by_o he_o and_o by_o the_o king_n as_o friendly_a take_v as_o they_o be_v faithful_o and_o friendly_a mean_v many_o mischief_n may_v have_v be_v avoid_v but_o both_o of_o these_o do_v fail_v for_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n although_o in_o former_a time_n he_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o lord_n yet_o afterwards_o be_v desirous_a be_v account_v rather_o among_o the_o great_a man_n than_o the_o good_a he_o make_v sale_n of_o his_o honour_n to_o maintain_v his_o pleasure_n and_o continue_v himself_o in_o grace_n with_o the_o king_n to_o which_o he_o be_v altogether_o enthrall_v insomuch_o that_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n be_v to_o his_o charge_n especial_o commit_v and_o suppose_v upon_o this_o occâ—â—aon_n to_o make_v a_o freehold_n of_o his_o princess_n favour_n he_o grievous_o aggravate_v these_o speech_n in_o in_o report_v they_o and_o yet_o cunning_o to_o with_o many_o lie_v intermix_v some_o truth_n or_o make_v the_o truth_n much_o more_o than_o it_o be_v again_o the_o king_n not_o endure_v the_o search_n of_o his_o sore_n do_v bend_v his_o mind_n rather_o to_o punish_v the_o boldness_n then_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o reproof_n his_o ear_n be_v so_o distemsper_v with_o continuance_n of_o flattery_n that_o he_o account_v all_o sharp_a that_o be_v sound_o and_o like_v only_o that_o which_o be_v present_o pleasant_a and_o afterward_o hurtful_a thus_o we_o may_v daily_o observe_v that_o no_o strange_a accident_n do_v at_o any_o time_n happen_v but_o it_o be_v by_o some_o mean_n foreshow_v or_o foretell_v but_o because_o these_o warning_n be_v oftentime_o either_o not_o mark_v or_o misconstrue_v or_o else_o contemn_v the_o event_n be_v account_v inevitable_a and_o the_o admonition_n vain_a the_o king_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n touch_v by_o the_o one_o duke_n and_o tickle_v by_o the_o other_o be_v not_o resolve_v upon_o the_o sudden_a what_o to_o do_v therefore_o he_o assemble_v his_o council_n and_o call_v the_o two_o duke_n before_o he_o and_o demand_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n if_o he_o will_v open_o avouch_v that_o which_o he_o have_v suggest_v in_o secret_a the_o duke_n see_v it_o be_v now_o no_o time_n for_o he_o either_o to_o shrink_v or_o shuftle_v in_o his_o tale_n with_o a_o bold_a and_o confident_a courage_n repeat_v all_o that_o before_o he_o have_v report_v but_o the_o duke_n of_o hereforde_n can_v not_o be_v bear_v down_o by_o countenance_n where_o his_o cause_n be_v good_a and_o therefore_o after_o a_o short_a silence_n whereby_o he_o seem_v rather_o amaze_v at_o the_o strangeness_n of_o this_o matter_n then_o abash_v at_o the_o guilt_n he_o make_v low_a obeisance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o great_o both_o thank_v and_o commend_v he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o give_v hasty_a creadite_n to_o matter_n of_o such_o tender_a touch_n as_o his_o grief_n may_v have_v bear_v out_o the_o blame_n of_o rashness_n in_o revenge_n desire_v he_o to_o continue_v yet_o a_o while_n the_o respite_n of_o his_o displeasure_n and_o to_o reserve_v his_o judgement_n free_a for_o indifferent_a audience_n then_o he_o declare_v in_o order_n what_o speech_n have_v pass_v from_o he_o upon_o what_o occasion_n and_o to_o what_o end_n all_o the_o rest_n he_o stout_o deny_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v false_o surmise_v by_o his_o adversary_n either_o upon_o malice_n to_o pick_v a_o quarrel_n or_o upon_o sycophancie_n to_o pick_v a_o thank_v and_o that_o thereupon_o he_o be_v untrue_a uniuste_a a_o forger_n of_o slanderous_a and_o seditious_a lie_n whereby_o he_o treacherous_o endeavour_v to_o seduce_v the_o king_n to_o destroy_v the_o nobility_n and_o to_o raise_v disturbance_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o this_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v upon_o he_o if_o the_o king_n will_v permit_v by_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o spear_n and_o by_o dint_n of_o sword_n the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n stomach_n not_o use_v to_o bear_v scorn_n can_v not_o digest_v these_o term_n of_o disgrace_n whereupon_o he_o stiff_o stand_v to_o his_o first_o imputation_n and_o for_o maintenance_n thereof_o he_o accept_v and_o also_o desit_v the_o combat_n the_o king_n will_v some_o other_o way_n have_v quiet_v this_o contention_n but_o the_o duke_n will_v agree_v to_o no_o other_o kind_n of_o agreement_n and_o thereupon_o throw_v down_o their_o glove_n one_o against_o the_o other_o for_o gauge_n the_o king_n see_v their_o obstinacy_n grant_v they_o the_o battle_n and_o assign_v the_o place_n at_o the_o city_n of_o coventry_n in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n than_o next_o ensue_a where_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o cause_v a_o sumptuous_a theatre_n and_o list_n royal_a to_o be_v prepare_v at_o the_o day_n of_o combat_n the_o two_o duke_n come_v well_o band_v with_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n of_o their_o lineage_n the_o duke_n of_o aumerle_n for_o that_o day_n high_a constable_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o surrey_n for_o the_o same_o time_n and_o action_n high_a marshal_n of_o england_n enter_v into_o the_o list_n with_o a_o great_a troop_n of_o man_n apparel_v in_o silk_n sandal_n embroider_v with_o silver_n every_o man_n have_v a_o tip_v staff_n to_o keep_v the_o field_n in_o order_n about_o the_o time_n of_o prime_n the_o duke_n of_o hereford_n come_v to_o the_o barrier_n of_o the_o list_n mount_v upon_o a_o white_a courser_n barb_a with_o blue_a &_o green_a velvet_n embroider_v gorgeous_o with_o swan_n and_o antiâ—ops_n of_o goldsmith_n work_n an_v at_o all_o point_n &_o his_o sword_n draw_v in_o his_o hand_n the_o constable_n and_o martial_n come_v to_o the_o barrier_n and_o demand_v of_o he_o who_o he_o be_v he_o answer_v i_o be_o henry_n duke_n of_o hereford_n and_o be_o come_v to_o do_v my_o devoir_n against_o thomas_n mowbray_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n as_o a_o traitor_n to_o god_n the_o king_n the_o realm_n and_o i_o then_o he_o swear_v upon_o the_o evangelist_n that_o his_o quarrel_n be_v right_a &_o upon_o that_o point_n desire_v to_o enter_v the_o list_n than_o he_o put_v up_o his_o sword_n pull_v down_o his_o beavy_a make_v a_o cross_n on_o his_o forehead_n and_o with_o spear_n in_o hand_n enter_v into_o the_o list_n and_o there_o light_v from_o his_o horse_n &_o sit_v down_o in_o a_o charge_n of_o green_a velvet_n which_o be_v set_v in_o a_o traverse_n of_o green_a &_o blue_a velvet_n at_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o list_n and_o so_o expect_v the_o come_n of_o his_o enemic_n soon_o after_o
lord_n concern_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o weight_n the_o determine_v whereof_o will_v assure_o procure_v either_o safe_a quiet_a or_o dangerous_a disturbance_n both_o to_o our_o particular_a conscience_n and_o also_o to_o the_o common_a state_n therefore_o before_o you_o resolve_v upon_o it_o i_o pray_v you_o call_v to_o your_o consideration_n these_o two_o thing_n first_o whether_o king_n richard_n be_v sufficient_o depose_v or_o no_o second_o whether_o king_n henry_n be_v with_o good_a judgement_n or_o justice_n choose_v in_o his_o place_n for_o the_o first_o point_n we_o be_v first_o to_o examine_v whether_o a_o king_n be_v lawful_o and_o full_o institute_v by_o any_o just_a title_n may_v upon_o imputation_n either_o of_o negligence_n or_o of_o tyranny_n be_v depose_v by_o his_o subject_n second_o what_o king_n richard_n have_v omit_v in_o the_o one_o or_o commit_v in_o the_o other_o for_o which_o he_o shall_v deserve_v so_o heavy_a judgement_n i_o will_v not_o speak_v what_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o popular_a state_n or_o in_o a_o consular_fw-la in_o which_o although_o one_o bear_v the_o name_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o prince_n yet_o he_o have_v not_o supreme_a power_n of_o majesty_n but_o in_o the_o one_o the_o people_n have_v the_o high_a empire_n in_o the_o other_o the_o nobility_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o estate_n in_o neither_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o common_a wealth_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o after_o the_o form_n of_o government_n which_o lycurgus_n frame_v oftentimes_o fine_v oftentimes_o fetter_v their_o king_n and_o sometime_o condemn_v they_o to_o death_n such_o be_v also_o in_o caesar_n time_n the_o petit_fw-fr king_n of_o every_o city_n in_o france_n who_o be_v many_o time_n arreign_v upon_o life_n and_o death_n and_o as_o ambiorix_n prince_n of_o the_o leodienses_n confess_v have_v no_o great_a power_n over_o the_o people_n than_o the_o people_n have_v over_o they_o of_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v the_o roman_a emperor_n at_o the_o first_o proaemio_fw-la of_o who_o some_o namely_o nero_n and_o maximinus_n be_v open_o condemn_v other_o be_v sudden_o surprise_v by_o judgement_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o such_o be_v now_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o the_o other_o prince_n by_o their_o aristocratical_a power_n do_v not_o only_o restrain_v but_o sometime_o also_o remove_v from_o their_o imperial_a state_n such_o be_v also_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweveland_n who_o be_v many_o time_n by_o the_o nobilitye_n deject_a either_o into_o prison_n or_o into_o exile_n such_o likewise_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o venice_n and_o of_o some_o other_o free_a state_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o chief_a cause_n for_o which_o lewes_n earl_n of_o flanders_n be_v late_o expel_v from_o his_o place_n be_v for_o draw_v to_o himself_o cognisance_n in_o matter_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o high_a power_n never_o pertain_v to_o his_o dignity_n in_o these_o and_o such_o like_a governmente_n the_o prince_n have_v not_o regal_a right_n but_o be_v himself_o subject_a to_o that_o power_n which_o be_v great_a than_o he_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nobility_n or_o in_o the_o common_a people_n but_o if_o the_o sovereign_a majesty_n be_v in_o the_o prince_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o three_o first_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o judea_n and_o israel_n and_o be_v now_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n france_n spain_n scotland_n muscovia_n turkey_n tartary_n persia_n aethiopia_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n although_o for_o his_o vice_n he_o be_v unprofitable_a to_o the_o subject_n yea_o hurtful_a yea_o intolerable_a yet_o can_v they_o lawful_o neither_o harm_n his_o person_n nor_o hazard_v his_o power_n whether_o by_o judgement_n or_o else_o by_o force_n for_o neither_o one_o nor_o all_o magistrate_n have_v any_o authority_n over_o the_o prince_n from_o who_o all_o authority_n be_v derive_v and_o who_o only_a presence_n do_v silence_n and_o suspend_v all_o inferior_a jurisdiction_n and_o power_n as_o for_o force_n what_o subject_n can_v attempt_v or_o assist_v or_o counsel_n or_o violence_n against_o his_o prince_n and_o not_o incur_v the_o high_a and_o heinous_a crime_n of_o treason_n it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n thought_n be_v free_a free_a indeed_o from_o punishment_n of_o secular_a law_n except_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n it_o break_v forth_o into_o action_n yet_o the_o secret_a thought_n against_o the_o sacred_a majesty_n of_o a_o prince_n without_o attempt_n without_o endeavour_n have_v be_v adjudge_v worthy_a of_o death_n and_o some_o who_o in_o auricular_a confession_n have_v discover_v their_o treacherous_a devise_n against_o the_o person_n of_o their_o prince_n have_v afterwards_o be_v execute_v for_o the_o same_o all_o law_n do_v exempt_v a_o mad_a man_n from_o punishment_n because_o their_o action_n be_v not_o govern_v by_o their_o will_n and_o purpose_n and_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v set_v aside_o all_o his_o do_n be_v indifferent_a neither_o can_v the_o body_n offend_v without_o a_o corrupt_a or_o erroneous_a mind_n yet_o if_o a_o mad_a man_n draw_v his_o sword_n upon_o his_o king_n it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v to_o deserve_v death_n and_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v surmise_v that_o prince_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o own_o safety_n and_o sovereignty_n be_v the_o only_a author_n of_o these_o judgement_n let_v we_o a_o little_a consider_v the_o pattern_n and_o precept_n of_o holy_a scripture_n nabuchadnezzer_n king_n of_o assiria_n waste_v all_o palestine_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n oppugned_a jerusalem_n a_o long_a time_n and_o at_o the_o last_o expugn_v it_o slay_v the_o king_n burn_v the_o temple_n take_v away_o the_o holy_a vessel_n and_o treasure_n the_o rest_n he_o permit_v to_o the_o cruelty_n and_o spoil_n of_o his_o unmerciful_a soldier_n who_o defile_v all_o place_n with_o rape_n and_o slaughter_n and_o ruinate_v to_o the_o ground_n that_o flourish_a city_n after_o the_o glut_n of_o this_o bloody_a butchery_n the_o people_n which_o remain_v he_o lead_v captive_n into_o chaldaea_n and_o there_o erect_v his_o golden_a image_n and_o command_v that_o they_o which_o refuse_v to_o worship_v it_o shall_v be_v cast_v into_o a_o fiery_a furnace_n what_o cruelty_n what_o injustice_n what_o impiety_n be_v comparable_a to_o this_o and_o yet_o god_n call_v nabuchadnezzer_n his_o servant_n and_o promise_v he_o hire_v and_o wage_n for_o his_o service_n 18._o and_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n and_o baruch_n do_v write_v unto_o the_o jew_n to_o pray_v for_o the_o life_n of_o he_o and_o of_o baltasar_n his_o son_n 11._o that_o their_o day_n may_v be_v upon_o earth_n as_o the_o day_n of_o heaven_n and_o ezechtel_n with_o bitter_a term_n abhor_v the_o disloyalty_n of_o zedechia_n because_o he_o revolt_v from_o nabuchadnezzer_n who_o homager_n and_o tributary_n he_o be_v what_o snall_a we_o say_v of_o saul_n do_v he_o not_o put_v all_o the_o priest_n to_o execution_n because_o one_o of_o they_o do_v relieve_v holy_a and_o harmless_a david_n do_v he_o not_o violent_o persecute_v that_o his_o most_o faithful_a servant_n and_o dutiful_a son_n in_o law_n during_o which_o pursuit_n he_o fall_v twice_o into_o the_o power_n of_o david_n who_o do_v not_o only_o spare_v but_o also_o protect_v the_o king_n and_o reproove_v the_o pretoâ—an_a soldier_n for_o their_o negligent_a watch_n and_o be_v touch_v in_o heart_n for_o cut_v away_o the_o lap_n of_o his_o garment_n and_o afterward_o cause_v the_o messenger_n to_o be_v slay_v who_o upon_o request_n and_o for_o pity_n have_v lend_v his_o hand_n as_o he_o say_v to_o help_v forward_o the_o voluntary_a death_n of_o that_o sacred_a king_n as_o for_o the_o contrary_a example_n as_o that_o of_o jehu_n who_o slay_v jehoram_n and_o ahazia_n enemy_n king_n of_o israel_n and_o juda_n they_o be_v do_v by_o express_a oracle_n &_o revelation_n from_o god_n and_o be_v no_o more_o set_v down_o for_o our_o imitation_n than_o the_o rob_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o any_o other_o particular_a and_o privilege_a commandment_n but_o in_o the_o general_a precept_n which_o all_o man_n must_v ordinary_o follow_v not_o only_o our_o action_n but_o our_o speech_n also_o &_o our_o very_a thought_n be_v strict_o charge_v with_o duty_n and_o obedience_n unto_o prince_n whether_o they_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n the_o law_n of_o god_n ordain_v 105._o that_o he_o which_o do_v presumptuous_o against_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o people_n shall_v die_v and_o the_o prophet_n david_n forbid_v 5._o to_o touch_v the_o lord_n anoint_v thou_o shall_v not_o say_v the_o lord_n rail_v upon_o the_o judge_n neither_o speak_v evil_a against_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o people_n 1._o and_o the_o apostle_n do_v demand_v further_a that_o even_o our_o thought_n and_o soul_n be_v obedient_a to_o high_a power_n 17._o and_o lest_o
father_n espy_v it_o in_o his_o bosom_n and_o demand_v what_o it_o be_v the_o son_n humble_o crave_v pardon_v and_o say_v that_o it_o nothing_o touch_v he_o by_o s._n george_n quoth_v the_o father_n but_o i_o will_v see_v it_o and_o so_o whether_o upon_o a_o precedent_a jealousy_n or_o some_o present_a cause_n of_o suspicion_n he_o take_v it_o away_o from_o he_o by_o force_n when_o he_o perceive_v the_o content_n he_o sudden_o arise_v from_o the_o table_n &_o with_o great_a fierceness_n both_o of_o countenance_n and_o speech_n utter_v to_o his_o son_n these_o word_n i_o see_v traitor_n that_o idleness_n have_v make_v thou_o so_o wanton_a and_o mutinous_a that_o thou_o play_v with_o thy_o faith_n as_o child_n do_v with_o stick_n thou_o have_v be_v once_o already_o faithless_a to_o king_n richard_n &_o now_o again_o be_v false_a to_o king_n henry_n so_o that_o the_o like_a fish_n sepia_n thou_o trouble_v all_o the_o water_n wherein_o thou_o live_v thou_o know_v that_o in_o open_a parliament_n i_o become_v surety_n and_o pledge_n for_o thy_o allegiance_n both_o in_o body_n and_o good_n and_o can_v neither_o thy_o duty_n nor_o my_o desert_n restrain_v thou_o from_o seek_v my_o destruction_n in_o faith_n but_o i_o will_v rather_o help_v forward_o thou_o with_o that_o he_o command_v his_o horse_n to_o be_v make_v ready_a and_o present_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o windsor_n where_o the_o king_n then_o lie_v the_o duke_n of_o aumerle_n have_v no_o time_n either_o to_o consult_v with_o his_o friend_n or_o to_o consider_v with_o himself_o what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v but_o take_v advice_n upon_o the_o sudden_a he_o mount_v likewise_o on_o horseback_n and_o post_v towards_o windsor_n another_o way_n it_o be_v no_o need_n to_o force_v he_o forward_o his_o youthful_a blood_n and_o his_o sudden_a danger_n be_v in_o steed_n of_o two_o wing_n to_o keep_v his_o horse_n in_o pegasus_n pace_n so_o that_o he_o come_v to_o windsor_n &_o be_v alight_v at_o the_o castle_n before_o his_o stiff_a age_a father_n can_v come_v near_o then_o he_o enter_v the_o gate_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v sure_o lock_v and_o take_v the_o key_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n pretend_v some_o secret_a cause_n for_o which_o he_o will_v deliver_v they_o unto_o the_o king_n when_o he_o come_v in_o presence_n he_o kneel_v down_o and_o humble_o crave_v of_o the_o king_n mercy_n and_o forgiveness_n the_o king_n demand_v for_o what_o offence_n then_o with_o a_o confuse_a voice_n and_o sad_a countenance_n cast_v down_o his_o eye_n as_o altogether_o abash_v partly_o with_o fear_n of_o his_o danger_n and_o partly_o with_o shame_n of_o his_o discredit_n he_o declare_v unto_o the_o king_n all_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conspiracy_n the_o king_n seem_v neither_o rash_o to_o believe_v nor_o negligent_o to_o distrust_v the_o duke_n report_n neither_o stand_v it_o with_o policy_n to_o entertain_v the_o discovery_n with_o any_o hard_a and_o violent_a usage_n therefore_o with_o gracious_a speech_n he_o comfort_v the_o duke_n and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a say_v he_o we_o pardon_v you_o if_o it_o be_v feign_a at_o your_o extreme_a peril_n be_v it_o by_o this_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n be_v rap_v at_o the_o castle_n gate_n and_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o king_n presence_n he_o deliver_v to_o he_o the_o endenture_n of_o confederacy_n which_o he_o have_v take_v from_o his_o son_n when_o the_o king_n have_v read_v it_o and_o be_v thereby_o persuade_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n he_o be_v not_o a_o little_a disquiet_v in_o mind_n complain_v of_o the_o unconstant_a disposition_n of_o those_o man_n who_o neither_o cruelty_n he_o say_v can_v make_v firm_a to_o king_n richard_n nor_o clemency_n to_o he_o but_o upon_o dislike_n of_o every_o present_a government_n they_o be_v desirous_a of_o any_o change_n so_o be_v possess_v with_o deep_a thought_n then_o to_o gaze_v upon_o game_n he_o lay_v his_o journey_n aside_o and_o determine_v to_o attend_v at_o windsor_n what_o course_n his_o enemy_n will_v take_v and_o which_o way_n they_o will_v set_v forward_o know_v right_o well_o that_o in_o civil_a tumult_n and_o advise_v patience_n and_o opportunity_n well_o take_v be_v the_o only_a weapon_n of_o advantage_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o special_a point_n of_o wisdom_n to_o make_v benefit_n of_o the_o enemy_n folly_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n his_o high_a constable_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o cumberland_n his_o high_a marshal_n and_o to_o other_o his_o most_o assure_a friend_n concern_v these_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a accident_n the_o confederate_n all_o this_o time_n hear_v nothing_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o aumerle_n and_o see_v no_o preparation_n for_o the_o king_n come_v be_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o their_o treason_n be_v betray_v and_o now_o consider_v that_o once_o before_o they_o have_v be_v pardon_v the_o guilt_n of_o this_o their_o rebellion_n exclude_v they_o from_o all_o hope_n of_o further_a mercy_n whereupon_o they_o become_v desperate_a and_o so_o resolve_v to_o prosecute_v that_o by_o open_a arm_n wherein_o their_o privy_a practice_n have_v â—ailed_v and_o first_o they_o apparel_v magdalen_n a_o man_n very_o like_a to_o king_n richard_n both_o in_o stature_n and_o countenance_n and_o of_o year_n not_o disagreeable_a in_o princely_a attire_n and_o give_v forth_o that_o he_o be_v king_n richard_n and_o that_o either_o by_o favour_n or_o negligence_n of_o his_o keeper_n he_o be_v escape_v out_o of_o prison_n and_o desire_v the_o faith_n and_o aid_n of_o his_o love_a subject_n then_o they_o determine_v to_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o charles_n king_n of_o france_n to_o desire_v his_o help_n and_o assistance_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o son_n in_o law_n if_o need_n shall_v require_v the_o common_a people_n which_o common_o be_v soon_o changeable_a and_o on_o the_o sudden_a as_o prone_a to_o pity_v as_o they_o be_v before_o excessive_o cruel_a most_o earnest_o wish_v the_o enlargement_n of_o king_n richard_n and_o earnest_o wish_v do_v easy_o believe_v it_o in_o which_o imaginary_a conceit_n be_v otherwise_o man_n of_o no_o deep_a search_n the_o presence_n of_o magdalene_n most_o strong_o confirm_v they_o and_o so_o either_o upon_o ignorance_n of_o truth_n or_o delight_n in_o trouble_n they_o join_v themselves_o in_o great_a troop_n to_o the_o lord_n desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o be_v the_o mean_n whereby_o king_n richard_n shall_v be_v restore_v as_o in_o a_o manner_n resume_v their_o first_o affection_n and_o humour_n towards_o he_o then_o the_o lord_n of_o this_o association_n with_o great_a force_n but_o with_o great_a fame_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o matter_n unknown_a advance_v forward_o in_o battle_n array_n towards_o windsor_n against_o king_n henry_n as_o against_o a_o enemy_n of_o the_o common_a state_n have_v in_o their_o company_n above_o forty_o thousand_o arm_a man_n the_o king_n upon_o intelligence_n of_o their_o approache_v secret_o with_o a_o few_o horse_n the_o next_o sunday_n night_n after_o newyere_n day_n depart_v from_o windsor_n to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o the_o same_o night_n before_o it_o be_v day_n the_o confederate_n come_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o windsor_n where_o miss_v their_o expect_a prey_n they_o stand_v doubtful_a and_o divide_v in_o opinion_n which_o way_n to_o bend_v their_o course_n some_o advise_v they_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o follow_v the_o king_n to_o london_n and_o not_o to_o leave_v he_o any_o leave_n and_o liberty_n to_o unite_v a_o army_n against_o they_o that_o winter_n be_v not_o let_v but_o in_o idle_a and_o peaceable_a time_n that_o in_o civil_a dissension_n nothing_o be_v more_o safe_a than_o speed_n and_o great_a advantage_n always_o grow_v by_o dispatch_v then_o defer_v that_o while_o some_o be_v in_o fear_n some_o in_o doubt_n and_o some_o ignorant_a the_o city_n yea_o the_o realm_n may_v easy_o be_v possess_v and_o that_o many_o army_n who_o fury_n at_o the_o first_o rush_n can_v not_o be_v resist_v by_o delay_n do_v wear_v out_o and_o waste_v to_o nothing_o other_o who_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v considerate_a and_o wise_a but_o in_o very_a deed_n be_v no_o better_a than_o dastard_a persuade_v rather_o to_o set_v king_n richard_n first_o at_o liberty_n for_o if_o their_o counterfeit_n shall_v be_v discover_v before_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o his_o person_n the_o people_n undoubted_o will_v fall_v from_o they_o to_o the_o certain_a confusion_n of_o they_o all_o hereupon_o they_o give_v over_o the_o pursuit_n and_o retire_v to_o colebrook_n and_o there_o delay_v out_o the_o time_n of_o do_v in_o deliberate_v be_v neither_o courogiouslye_o quick_a nor_o considerate_o stay_v but_o faint_o and_o fearefullye_o shrinck_v back_o and_o when_o they_o once_o begin_v