mediation_n of_o england_n and_o holland_n by_o which_o sueden_n beside_o part_n of_o liefland_n get_v the_o country_n of_o ingermanland_n and_o the_o province_n of_o kexholm_n with_o several_a fortify_v place_n and_o whole_o shut_v out_o the_o muscovite_n from_o the_o east_n sea_n the_o polish_v war_n that_o have_v some_o short_a interval_n of_o truce_n be_v of_o a_o long_a continuance_n and_o no_o less_o beneficial_a to_o sueden_n which_o in_o the_o course_n of_o it_o take_v riga_n and_o all_o other_o place_n the_o pole_n have_v in_o liefland_n except_o only_o one_o fort_n and_o thence_o carry_v the_o war_n into_o prussia_n with_o the_o like_a success_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o england_n france_n etc._n etc._n a_o truce_n be_v conclude_v for_o six_o year_n this_o give_v gustavus_n leisure_n to_o engage_v in_o the_o german_a war_n to_o which_o he_o be_v both_o provoke_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o encourage_v by_o other_o the_o year_n follow_v he_o begin_v that_o expedition_n and_o on_o june_n 24._o arrive_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o odour_n he_o land_a his_o little_a army_n that_o consist_v of_o sixteen_o troop_n of_o horse_n and_o ninety_o two_o company_n of_o foot_n make_v about_o eight_o thousand_o man_n which_o beside_o other_o addition_n be_v augment_v by_o six_o regiment_n of_o english_a and_o scotch_a under_o duke_n hamilton_n but_o more_o by_o the_o king_n be_v incredible_a success_n upon_o his_o first_o approach_n stetin_n and_o all_o pomerania_n fall_v into_o his_o hand_n 1631._o the_o year_n follow_v have_v join_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n he_o give_v the_o emperor_n army_n under_o general_n tilly_n a_o total_a overthrow_n near_o liepsig_n whence_o he_o traverse_v franconia_n the_o palatinate_n bavaria_n etc._n etc._n till_o the_o next_o year_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lutzen_n where_o his_o army_n be_v again_o victorious_a he_o be_v treacherous_o kill_v as_o it_o be_v believe_v by_o francis_n albert_n duke_n of_o saxon_n lawemburgh_n not_o only_o to_o the_o great_a joy_n of_o the_o imperialist_n but_o of_o france_n and_o other_o his_o friend_n who_o envy_v and_o fear_v the_o far_a increase_n of_o his_o greatness_n by_o his_o death_n the_o crown_n fall_v to_o his_o daughter_n christina_n a_o princess_n of_o five_o year_n old_a in_o who_o favour_n her_o father_n have_v gain_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o alter_v the_o hereditary_a union_n as_o it_o be_v style_v which_o restrain_v the_o succession_n to_o the_o male_a line_n in_o her_o minority_n the_o chancellor_n axel_n oxenstiern_n have_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o suedish_n affair_n in_o germany_n where_o the_o war_n be_v prosecute_v with_o variety_n of_o success_n but_o much_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o sueden_n which_o be_v possess_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o fortify_v place_n and_o have_v a_o army_n exceed_v 100000_o man_n when_o prince_n charles_n gustave_n be_v generalissimo_n a_o little_a before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n by_o which_o sueden_n obtain_v for_o its_o satisfaction_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomerania_n bremen_n and_o verdeu_n with_o the_o city_n of_o wismar_n and_o a_o right_n of_o session_n to_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o circle_n of_o lower_n saxony_n as_o also_o the_o sum_n of_o five_o million_o of_o crown_n the_o queen_n have_v for_o several_a year_n entertain_v a_o resolution_n to_o quit_v the_o crown_n which_o she_o at_o last_o effect_v and_o after_o have_v procure_v prince_n charles_n gustavus_n to_o be_v declare_v hereditary_a prince_n who_o the_o state_n will_v glad_o have_v have_v the_o queen_n marry_v but_o neither_o he_o nor_o she_o be_v incline_v to_o it_o with_o much_o solemnity_n she_o divest_v herself_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o release_v her_o subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n which_o the_o same_o day_n be_v confer_v upon_o 1654._o charles_n '_o gustavus_n who_o the_o year_n follow_v make_v war_n upon_o poland_n to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n do_v to_o he_o in_o protest_v against_o his_o admission_n to_o the_o crown_n his_o progress_n at_o first_o surprise_v not_o only_o poland_n but_o alarm_v all_o europe_n for_o in_o three_o month_n time_n he_o have_v take_v all_o prussia_n except_o dantzick_n a_o great_a part_n of_o lithuania_n the_o city_n of_o warsaw_n cracaw_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a poland_n most_o of_o the_o people_n of_o those_o province_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o be_v deserted_n by_o king_n casimir_n who_o be_v flee_v into_o silesia_n but_o this_o career_n of_o prosperity_n do_v not_o long_o continue_v the_o first_o consternation_n be_v over_o the_o pole_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o fall_v from_o he_o as_o they_o have_v be_v to_o embrace_v his_o party_n beside_o the_o emperor_n moscovy_n and_o holland_n become_v his_o enemy_n as_o also_o denmark_n which_o give_v the_o king_n of_o sueden_n a_o honourable_a occasion_n of_o quit_v poland_n where_o he_o can_v not_o long_o have_v subsist_v have_v therefore_o leave_v his_o brother_n prince_n adolph_n governor_n of_o prussia_n he_o hasten_v to_o denmark_n which_o he_o soon_o reduce_v to_o a_o necessity_n of_o buy_v peace_n at_o the_o price_n of_o the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi halland_n and_o bleak_v which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o follow_a spring_n but_o break_v out_o again_o in_o few_o month_n the_o king_n of_o sueden_n unexpected_o land_v a_o army_n the_o follow_a summer_n in_o seelandt_n 1658._o where_o he_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o cronenburgh_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sound_n but_o have_v not_o the_o like_a success_n at_o copenhagen_n which_o be_v besiege_v and_o storm_v in_o vain_a and_o be_v the_o follow_a summer_n relieve_v by_o a_o fleet_n from_o holland_n the_o siege_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o blockade_n and_o continue_v so_o till_o charles_n gustave_n have_v by_o his_o bold_a and_o successful_a attempt_n in_o six_o year_n time_n draw_v upon_o sueden_n the_o enmity_n of_o almost_o all_o europe_n be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o fever_n and_o leave_v the_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n charles_n xi_o the_o present_a king_n 1660._o who_o minister_n obtain_v peace_n with_o poland_n moscovy_n the_o emperor_n brandenburg_n holland_n and_o denmark_n upon_o honourable_a condition_n which_o continue_v till_o it_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o late_a war_n of_o which_o a_o account_n have_v be_v give_v already_o finis_fw-la 1250._o 1279._o 1290._o 1319._o 1363._o 1388._o 1396._o 1440._o 1448._o 1458._o 1463._o 1468._o 1471._o 1497._o 1501._o 1504_o 1512._o 1521._o 1559._o 1568._o 1592._o 1598._o 1604._o 1611._o sept._n 7._o 1631._o jan_n 6._o 1654._o 1658._o 1660._o
of_o bahunz_n situate_a upon_o a_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o deep_a river_n but_o overlookt_v by_o the_o rock_n near_o it_o the_o city_n of_o gottenburgh_n be_v a_o well_o fortify_v place_n but_o whole_o command_v by_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n the_o town_n of_o marstrand_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o elfsburgh_n lie_v towards_o the_o sea_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o denmark_n be_v waerburgh_n halmstad_n landscrone_n and_o malmo_n place_n of_o good_a defence_n upon_o the_o baltic_a shoar_n be_v carlescrone_n and_o calmar_n with_o two_o small_a fort_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n lead_v to_o stockholm_n the_o northern_a part_n be_v cover_v with_o lapland_n the_o border_n of_o finland_n towards_o russia_n with_o vast_a wood_n and_o morass_n and_o in_o some_o part_n with_o castle_n and_o fort_n in_o liefland_n beside_o riga_n revell_n and_o narva_n which_o be_v very_o strong_a place_n there_o be_v several_a considerable_a fortress_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o sueden_n though_o sueden_n have_v in_o all_o time_n furnish_v europe_n with_o those_o necessary_a comodities_n it_o abound_v with_o yet_o either_o the_o warlike_a temper_n the_o idleness_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v former_o keep_v they_o from_o be_v much_o concern_v in_o trade_n and_o give_v stranger_n the_o management_n and_o advantage_n of_o it_o which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o hans_n town_n situate_a on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n monopolise_v till_o the_o seven_o province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o be_v erect_v into_o a_o republic_n and_o become_v sharer_n with_o they_o before_o that_o time_n very_o little_a iron_n be_v make_v in_o sueden_n but_o the_o oar_n be_v run_v into_o pig_n be_v carry_v to_o dantzick_n and_o other_o part_n of_o prussia_n and_o there_o forge_v into_o bar_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o country_n smith_n in_o england_n call_v foreign_a iron_n dansk_a or_o spruce_a iron_n the_o nation_n owe_v the_o great_a improvement_n it_o have_v make_v in_o trade_n to_o the_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o some_o ingenious_a mechanic_n that_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr alva_n drive_v into_o these_o part_n their_o success_n invite_v great_a number_n of_o reform_a waloon_n to_o transplant_v thither_o who_o language_n and_o religion_n remain_v in_o the_o place_n they_o settle_v in_o where_o they_o erect_v forge_n and_o other_o convenience_n for_o make_v of_o iron_n gun_n wire_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n of_o copper_n brass_n and_o iron_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v still_o carry_v on_o by_o their_o posterity_n the_o suedish_n navigation_n be_v very_o inconsiderable_a till_o queen_n christina_n at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n in_o 1644._o obtain_v from_o denmark_n a_o freedom_n from_o custom_n for_o all_o ship_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o suedish_n subject_n in_o their_o passage_n through_o the_o sound_n and_o establish_v in_o she_o own_o dominion_n that_o difference_n in_o custom_n that_o still_o subsist_v between_o suedish_n and_o foreign_a ship_n and_o be_v in_o proportion_n of_o 4_o 5_o 6_o the_o first_o call_v wholefree_a the_o second_o half_n and_o the_o last_o vnfree_n so_o that_o where_o a_o whole_a free_a suedish_n ship_n pay_v 400_o crown_n half_a free_a pay_v 500_o and_o a_o foreign_a vessel_n 600._o but_o as_o great_a as_o this_o advantage_n be_v it_o have_v but_o little_a effect_n till_o the_o english_a art_n of_o navigation_n bridle_v the_o hollander_n and_o open_v the_o intercourse_n between_o england_n and_o sueden_n since_o that_o time_n their_o commerce_n have_v be_v much_o augment_v as_o well_o as_o we_o that_o way_n and_o good_n transport_v by_o both_o or_o either_o party_n according_a to_o the_o various_a juncture_n of_o affair_n when_o sueden_n have_v be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n the_o english_a ship_n have_v have_v the_o whole_a employ_v but_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o advantage_n be_v so_o great_a on_o the_o suedish_n side_n and_o merchant_n so_o much_o encourage_v by_o freedom_n in_o custom_n to_o employ_v their_o ship_n that_o english_a bottom_n can_v be_v use_v in_o that_o trade_n but_o only_o while_o sueden_n be_v unprovided_a with_o a_o number_n of_o ship_n sufficient_a for_o the_o transportation_n of_o their_o own_o commodity_n whether_o it_o be_v feasible_a to_o lay_v a_o duty_n upon_o suedish_n ship_n import_v good_n into_o england_n proportionable_a to_o what_o be_v lay_v upon_o foreign_a vessel_n there_o or_o whether_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n as_o to_o merit_v such_o a_o resolution_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o this_o discourse_n to_o determine_v the_o chief_a commodity_n sueden_n vend_v be_v copper_n iron_n pitch_n tar_n mast_n deal_v and_o wooden_a ware_n beside_o the_o commodity_n export_v from_o liefland_n to_o the_o value_n of_o about_o 700000_o l._n a_o year_n in_o return_n of_o which_o they_o receive_v from_o abroad_o salt_n wines_n and_o brandy_n cloth_n stuff_n tobacco_n sugar_n spice_n paper_n linen_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o good_n which_o be_v suppose_v common_o to_o balance_v their_o exportation_n and_o sometime_o exceed_v they_o their_o trade_n to_o portugal_n for_o salt_n be_v account_v most_o necessary_a as_o without_o great_a quantity_n of_o which_o they_o can_v subsist_v that_o with_o england_n be_v more_o beneficial_a because_o it_o take_v off_o almost_o half_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o bring_v in_o near_o two_o three_o of_o money_n for_o one_o of_o good_n the_o worst_a be_v their_o french_a trade_n in_o regard_n it_o rather_o supply_v their_o vanity_n than_o necessity_n and_o give_v little_a or_o no_o vent_n to_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n the_o general_a direction_n of_o their_o trade_n belong_v to_o the_o college_n of_o commerce_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o treasury_n and_o four_o councillor_n who_o hear_v cause_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o redress_v any_o disorder_n that_o happen_v the_o bank_n at_o stockholm_n be_v of_o great_a benefit_n to_o trade_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o king_n custom_n for_o that_o city_n be_v pay_v in_o there_o as_o also_o that_o the_o merchant_n ordinary_o make_v payment_n to_o each_o other_o by_o bill_n draw_v upon_o it_o which_o ease_v they_o of_o a_o great_a trouble_n in_o transport_v their_o money_n from_o place_n to_o place_n that_o will_v otherwise_o be_v very_o difficult_a and_o chargeable_a this_o bank_n be_v well_o constitute_v and_o be_v in_o very_o good_a credit_n whilst_o it_o have_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o its_o guarantee_n of_o which_o it_o have_v now_o but_o the_o shadow_n those_o state_n be_v and_o be_v now_o style_v the_o king_n not_o kingdom_n state_n so_o that_o all_o its_o foundation_n derive_v now_o from_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o may_v on_o several_a occasion_n diminish_v not_o only_o its_o own_o sufficiency_n but_o also_o the_o confidence_n of_o those_o that_o make_v use_v of_o it_o the_o management_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o sueden_n have_v always_o in_o the_o main_a be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o stranger_n most_o of_o the_o native_n want_v either_o capacity_n or_o application_n and_o all_o of_o they_o stock_n to_o drive_v it_o for_o without_o credit_n from_o abroad_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o iron-work_n go_v and_o therefore_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n they_o usual_o make_v contract_n with_o the_o english_a and_o other_o foreigner_n who_o then_o advance_v considerable_a sum_n and_o receive_v iron_n in_o summer_n be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o necessity_n foreign_a merchant_n will_v have_v but_o little_a encouragement_n or_o scarce_o permission_n to_o live_v and_o trade_n among_o they_o and_o even_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v their_o treatment_n of_o they_o be_v as_o rigorous_a as_o in_o any_o country_n occasion_v chief_o by_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o burgher_n who_o can_v with_o any_o patience_n see_v a_o stranger_n thrive_v among_o they_o this_o be_v less_o sensible_a to_o hollander_n and_o other_o many_o of_o who_o become_v burgher_n and_o the_o rest_n by_o their_o near_a way_n of_o live_v be_v less_o subject_n to_o envy_n but_o be_v more_o especial_o the_o case_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o find_v it_o not_o their_o interest_n to_o become_v burgher_n and_o usual_o live_v somewhat_o too_o high_a the_o interest_n of_o england_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o sueden_n may_v be_v compute_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o commodity_n to_o we_o and_o the_o vent_n of_o we_o there_o their_o copper_n iron_n tar_n pitch_n mast_n &c._n &c._n can_v be_v have_v elsewhere_o except_o from_o america_n whence_o it_o have_v be_v suppose_v such_o supply_n may_v be_v furnish_v and_o if_o so_o this_o consideration_n ought_v in_o reason_n to_o have_v a_o influence_n on_o the_o suedish_n counsel_n and_o engage_v they_o to_o make_v the_o english_a trade_n with_o they_o as_o
he_o sit_v once_o a_o week_n in_o the_o town_n house_n and_o preside_v also_o in_o the_o college_n of_o execution_n assist_v by_o a_o under_o stadtholder_n and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o castle_n next_o to_o he_o be_v the_o four_o burghmaster_n one_o for_o justice_n another_o for_o trade_n the_o three_o for_o the_o polity_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o four_o have_v the_o inspection_n over_o all_o public_a and_o private_a building_n and_o determine_v such_o case_n as_o arise_v on_o that_o account_n with_o they_o the_o counsellor_n of_o the_o city_n always_o sit_v and_o give_v their_o vote_n the_o majority_n of_o which_o conclude_v their_o number_n be_v uncertain_a but_o usual_o about_o twenty_o most_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n or_o such_o as_o have_v serve_v the_o king_n in_o some_o inferior_a employment_n and_o beside_o their_o salary_n they_o have_v a_o immunity_n from_o such_o imposition_n as_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o support_v the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n which_o pay_v all_o its_o officer_n and_o servant_n and_o maintain_v a_o guard_n of_o 300_o man_n and_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o all_o public_a building_n and_o repair_v to_o support_v this_o expense_n beside_o a_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n upon_o good_n import_v and_o export_v which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o the_o custom_n pay_v the_o king_n and_o amount_n to_o about_o 4000_o l._n per_fw-la an._n the_o magistrate_n impose_v a_o yearly_o tax_v on_o the_o burgher_n in_o which_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o a_o common-council_n of_o forty_o eight_o which_o choose_v its_o own_o member_n and_o meet_v every_o spring_n to_o proportion_v the_o payment_n for_o the_o ensue_a year_n on_o the_o rich_a trader_n they_o usual_o impose_v 40_o 50_o or_o 60_o l._n sterling_a and_o upon_o other_o of_o a_o mean_a condition_n as_o shoemaker_n tailor_n etc._n etc._n 5_o or_o 6_o l._n and_o no_o housekeeper_n less_o than_o 15_o s._n beside_o quarter_a the_o guard_n inferior_a officer_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o court_n with_o other_o lesser_a charge_n which_o all_o together_o will_v be_v think_v a_o great_a burden_n even_o in_o rich_a country_n neither_o be_v it_o otherwise_o esteem_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n who_o can_v scarce_o be_v keep_v in_o heart_n by_o the_o privilege_n they_o enjoy_v as_o well_o in_o custom_n as_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n which_o must_v needs_o pass_v through_o their_o hand_n the_o native_n of_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o foreigner_n be_v oblige_v to_o deal_v only_o with_o the_o burgher_n except_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n that_o make_v iron_n who_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o sell_v it_o immediate_o to_o stranger_n this_o city_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o staple_n of_o sueden_n to_o which_o most_o of_o the_o good_n of_o their_o own_o growth_n viz._n iron_n copper_n wire_n pitch_n tarr_n mast_n deal_v etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v to_o be_v export_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o commodity_n import_v from_o abroad_o come_v to_o this_o port_n where_o there_o be_v a_o haven_n capable_a of_o receive_v 1000_o sail_n of_o ship_n and_o have_v a_o bridge_n or_o key_n near_o a_o english_a mile_n long_o to_o which_o the_o great_a vessel_n may_v lie_v with_o their_o broadside_n the_o only_a inconvenience_n be_v that_o it_o be_v ten_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n very_o crooked_a and_o no_o tide_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o sueden_n the_o law_n of_o sueden_n be_v ancient_o as_o various_a as_o the_o province_n be_v numerous_a each_o of_o which_o have_v statute_n and_o custom_n peculiar_a to_o its_o self_n enact_v as_o occasion_n require_v by_o the_o lagh-man_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o invest_v with_o great_a authority_n especial_o while_o the_o kingdom_n be_v elective_a his_o suffrage_n conclude_v the_o province_n he_o govern_v this_o variety_n be_v necessary_o attend_v with_o 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and_o very_o few_o end_n before_o they_o have_v be_v bring_v thither_o in_o this_o supreme_a court_n his_o majesty_n very_o frequent_o sit_v with_o great_a patience_n and_o application_n and_o in_o seven_o year_n time_n have_v determine_v more_o cause_n than_o the_o senator_n do_v in_o twenty_o before_o his_o majesty_n be_v observe_v always_o to_o make_v a_o short_a mental_a prayer_n at_o first_o sit_v down_o there_o in_o this_o court_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o two_o or_o three_o other_o privy_a counsellor_n do_v also_o sit_v so_o do_v the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o court_n a_o officer_n next_o in_o degree_n to_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n who_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o under_o revision_n where_o he_o and_o two_o secretary_n do_v put_v business_n into_o a_o method_n fit_a to_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n the_o court_n of_o justice_n inferior_a to_o this_o be_v of_o three_o degree_n of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o first_o instance_n there_o be_v one_o in_o each_o corporation_n beside_o stockholm_n in_o which_o there_o be_v three_z as_o also_o in_o each_o district_n or_o territory_n whereof_o every_o province_n contain_v several_a some_o above_o twenty_o in_o the_o former_a city_n a_o alderman_n or_o counsellor_n preside_v and_o have_v some_o of_o his_o brethren_n for_o assistant_n in_o the_o latter_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o territory_n with_o a_o stand_a jury_n his_o court_n be_v ambulatory_a and_o usual_o keep_v near_o or_o upon_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fact_n or_o trespass_n be_v commit_v in_o these_o court_n examination_n be_v take_v and_o matter_n not_o exceed_v forty_o shilling_n be_v determine_v the_o rest_n transmit_v to_o the_o next_o superior_a court_n of_o which_o in_o every_o corporation_n there_o be_v one_o where_o the_o burghmaster_n be_v precedent_n and_o the_o alderman_n assistant_n and_o so_o in_o every_o province_n there_o be_v one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o court_n the_o precedent_n whereof_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o lagh-man_n without_o other_o authority_n than_o that_o of_o a_o judge_n from_o these_o all_o cause_n of_o blood_n must_v be_v transmit_v to_o the_o respective_a national_a court_v where_o they_o be_v determine_v without_o further_a appeal_n and_o thither_o also_o all_o civil_a action_n not_o exceed_v 20_o l._n may_v be_v appeal_v of_o these_o national_a court_v there_o be_v three_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sueden_n hold_v at_o stockholm_n another_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gothia_n keep_v at_o jencopingh_n and_o a_o three_o for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o finland_n at_o abo_n in_o each_o of_o these_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n be_v precedent_n and_o above_o half_a the_o assessor_n be_v to_o be_v gentleman_n all_o these_o court_n sit_v continual_o or_o at_o most_o have_v but_o short_a vacation_n and_o not_o be_v pester_v with_o too_o much_o formality_n give_v cause_n a_o speedy_a dispatch_n unless_o they_o be_v retard_v by_o some_o underhand_o engagement_n action_n relate_v to_o the_o sea_n be_v triable_a in_o the_o ordinary_a court_n according_a to_o their_o sea-law_n found_v upon_o those_o ancient_a one_o of_o wisby_n in_o gothland_n which_o have_v former_o be_v as_o famous_a in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o oleron_n in_o other_o place_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o these_o law_n but_o only_o in_o such_o matter_n as_o direct_o concern_v the_o king_n fleet_n and_o in_o some_o place_n that_o belong_v immediate_o to_o the_o admiralty_n for_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a there_o be_v a_o consistory_n in_o each_o diocese_n of_o which_o the_o respective_a bishop_n be_v precedent_n where_o cause_n of_o bastardy_n contract_v of_o marriage_n and_o other_o matter_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v try_v and_o church-censure_n of_o penance_n divorce_n etc._n etc._n inflict_v these_o court_n have_v
business_n in_o point_n of_o learning_n they_o like_o their_o neighbour_n the_o german_n be_v more_o give_v to_o transcribe_v and_o make_v collection_n than_o digest_v their_o own_o thought_n and_o common_o proportion_v their_o study_n to_o their_o occasion_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n they_o more_o easy_o do_v the_o drudgery_n than_o dive_v into_o the_o mystery_n either_o of_o commerce_n or_o manufacture_n in_o which_o they_o usual_o set_v up_o for_o master_n before_o they_o be_v half_o teach_v so_o that_o in_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o require_v ingenuity_n neatness_n or_o dexterity_n they_o be_v force_v to_o be_v serve_v by_o stranger_n their_o common_a soldier_n endure_v cold_a and_o hunger_n and_o long_a march_n and_o hard_a labour_n to_o admiration_n but_o they_o learn_v their_o duty_n very_o slow_o and_o be_v serviceable_a more_o by_o their_o obedience_n to_o command_v and_o stand_v their_o ground_n than_o by_o any_o great_a forwardness_n to_o attack_v their_o enemy_n or_o in_o nimbleness_n and_o address_n in_o execute_v their_o order_n and_o so_o their_o peasant_n be_v tolerable_o laborious_a when_o need_n compel_v they_o but_o have_v little_a regard_n to_o neatness_n in_o their_o work_n and_o be_v hardly_o bring_v to_o quit_v their_o old_a slow_a and_o toilsome_a method_n for_o such_o new_a invention_n as_o be_v more_o dextrous_a and_o easy_a the_o disposition_n more_o peculiar_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o these_o people_n be_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v natural_o man_n of_o courage_n and_o of_o a_o warlike_a temper_n have_v a_o graceful_a deportment_n incline_v to_o value_n themselves_o at_o a_o high_a rate_n and_o make_v the_o best_a appearance_n they_o possible_o can_v that_o they_o may_v gain_v the_o respect_n of_o other_o and_o be_v therefore_o more_o excessive_a in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o attendant_n sumptuous_a building_n and_o rich_a apparel_n than_o in_o the_o plentifulness_n of_o their_o table_n or_o other_o less_o observe_v occasion_n they_o never_o descend_v to_o any_o employment_n in_o the_o church_n the_o practice_n of_o law_n or_o physic_n or_o the_o exercise_n of_o any_o trade_n and_o tho_o to_o gain_v experience_n in_o maritine_n affair_n they_o submit_v to_o the_o low_a office_n abroad_o yet_o at_o home_o there_o be_v but_o one_o example_n know_v of_o a_o gentleman_n that_o accept_v the_o command_n of_o a_o merchant_n ship_n the_o clergy_n be_v but_o moderate_o learned_a and_o little_o acquaint_v with_o the_o dispute_n about_o religion_n as_o have_v no_o adversary_n to_o oppose_v they_o affect_v gravity_n and_o long_a beard_n be_v esteem_v for_o their_o hospitality_n and_o have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o burgher_n be_v not_o very_o intelligent_a in_o trade_n nor_o able_a to_o do_v their_o business_n without_o credit_n from_o abroad_o rather_o incline_v to_o impose_v upon_o those_o they_o can_v overreach_v than_o follow_v their_o call_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n the_o peasant_n when_o sober_a be_v very_o obsequious_a and_o respectful_a but_o drink_n make_v they_o mad_a and_o ungovernable_a most_o of_o they_o live_v in_o a_o very_a poor_a condition_n and_o be_v teach_v by_o necessity_n to_o practise_v several_a art_n in_o a_o rude_a manner_n as_o the_o make_v their_o shoe_n clothes_n etc._n etc._n the_o several_a instrument_n of_o husbandry_n and_o other_o necessary_n that_o they_o can_v spare_v money_n to_o buy_v and_o to_o keep_v they_o to_o this_o as_o also_o to_o favour_v the_o city_n it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o more_o than_o one_o tailor_n or_o other_o such_o artisan_n to_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o parish_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o large_a as_o many_o of_o they_o be_v above_o twenty_o mile_n in_o compass_n in_o general_n it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n very_o religious_a in_o their_o way_n and_o constant_a frequenter_n of_o the_o church_n eminent_o loyal_a and_o affect_a to_o monarchy_n grave_a even_o to_o formality_n sober_a more_o out_o of_o necessity_n than_o principle_n of_o temperance_n apt_a to_o entertain_v suspicion_n and_o to_o envy_v each_o other_o as_o well_o as_o stranger_n more_o incline_v to_o pilfer_v and_o such_o secret_a fraud_n than_o to_o such_o open_a violence_n as_o break_v of_o house_n or_o rob_v on_o the_o highway_n crime_n as_o rare_o commit_v in_o this_o as_o in_o any_o country_n whatever_o chap._n v._n of_o the_o religion_n of_o sueden_n christianity_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o sueden_n till_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o nine_o century_n and_o not_o into_o finland_n till_o near_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o and_o if_o not_o first_o preach_v be_v at_o lest_o first_o establish_v by_o english_a divine_n of_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v st._n sigfrid_n who_o as_o their_o history_n relate_v quit_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o york_n to_o become_v the_o apostle_n of_o the_o goth_n as_o they_o style_v he_o with_o he_o three_o of_o his_o nephew_n that_o he_o bring_v thither_o be_v martyr_a by_o the_o heathen_a goth_n so_o also_o be_v st._n eskill_n and_o other_o english_a by_o the_o suede_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 1150._o st._n henry_n a_o english_a bishop_n accompany_v st._n erick_n king_n of_o sueden_n in_o his_o expedition_n to_o finland_n which_o the_o king_n conquer_v and_o the_o bishop_n convert_v into_o christianity_n he_o also_o be_v martyr_a by_o the_o infidel_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o abo_n the_o metropolis_n of_o that_o country_n the_o reformation_n as_o well_o there_o as_o in_o denmark_n and_o norway_n begin_v soon_o after_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o germany_n have_v embrace_v luther_n tenet_n and_o be_v establish_v according_a to_o his_o platform_n the_o tyranny_n of_o king_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o then_o wear_v these_o three_o northern_a crown_n give_v a_o opportunity_n to_o gustavus_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o present_a royal_a family_n both_o to_o alter_v religion_n and_o advance_v himself_o to_o the_o regal_a dignity_n which_o till_o that_o time_n be_v elective_a but_o be_v then_o make_v hereditary_a to_o his_o family_n in_o which_o it_o have_v since_o continue_v as_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n have_v also_o do_v in_o the_o country_n never_o but_o once_o disturb_v from_o abroad_o and_o since_o that_o disturbance_n never_o distract_v at_o home_n with_o nonconformity_n all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n agree_v in_o a_o constant_a attendance_n on_o divine_a service_n and_o a_o zeal_n for_o their_o own_o way_n without_o any_o nice_a inquiry_n into_o disputable_a point_n either_o in_o their_o own_o tenet_n or_o those_o of_o other_o church_n whereby_o it_o become_v the_o business_n of_o their_o preacher_n rather_o to_o persuade_v the_o practice_n of_o piety_n than_o to_o oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o other_o or_o defend_v their_o own_o the_o church_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o archbishop_n and_o ten_o bishop_n who_o study_n be_v confine_v to_o their_o own_o employment_n be_v never_o call_v to_o council_n but_o only_o at_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n nor_o trouble_v with_o the_o administration_n of_o any_o secular_a affair_n their_o revenue_n be_v very_o moderate_a the_o archbishop_n of_o upsall_n not_o import_v 400_o l._n a_o year_n and_o the_o bishopric_n after_o that_o proportion_n under_o they_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o superintendent_o who_o have_v all_o the_o power_n of_o bishop_n and_o only_o want_v the_o name_n and_o over_o each_o ten_o church_n be_v a_o provost_n or_o rural_a dean_n with_o some_o authority_n over_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n of_o who_o the_o sum_n total_a may_v best_o be_v compute_v by_o the_o number_n of_o church_n which_o in_o sueden_n and_o finland_n be_v short_a of_o two_o thousand_o to_o which_o the_o addition_n of_o chaplain_n and_o curate_n will_v increase_v the_o body_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o near_o four_o thousand_o person_n they_o be_v all_o the_o son_n of_o peasant_n or_o mean_a burgher_n and_o can_v therefore_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o small_a income_n of_o their_o place_n which_o beside_o more_o inconsiderable_a due_n arise_v from_o glebe-land_n and_o one_o three_o of_o the_o tithe_n of_o which_o the_o other_o two_o three_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n to_o be_v employ_v in_o pious_a uses_n however_o the_o clergy_n have_v general_o wherewithal_o to_o exercise_v hospitality_n and_o be_v the_o constant_a refuge_n of_o poor_a traveller_n especial_o stranger_n who_o use_v to_o go_v from_o priest_n to_o priest_n as_o elsewhere_o from_o constable_n to_o constable_n the_o clergy_n of_o each_o diocese_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o their_o bishop_n propose_v three_o person_n to_o the_o king_n who_o either_o choose_v one_o of_o they_o or_o some_o other_o to_o succeed_v in_o that_o office_n which_o be_v also_o practise_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o superintendent_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o archbishop_n all_o the_o chapter_n in_o the_o kingdom_n vote_n but_o the_o
at_o first_o receive_v governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o two_o year_n after_o have_v the_o regal_a dignity_n confer_v on_o he_o and_o as_o the_o dane_n and_o norwegian_n have_v also_o expel_v king_n christiern_n who_o have_v marry_v charles_n the_o 5th_n sister_n and_o repair_v to_o the_o imperial_a court_n for_o succour_n which_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v to_o any_o purpose_n be_v upon_o his_o land_n in_o norway_n defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n in_o which_o state_n he_o continue_v to_o his_o death_n therefore_o gustavus_n be_v free_v from_o all_o further_a trouble_n on_o that_o account_n and_o at_o liberty_n to_o redress_v the_o disorder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v great_a his_o first_o contest_v be_v with_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o much_o confusion_n in_o former_a reign_n to_o prevent_v which_o for_o the_o future_a he_o take_v all_o occasion_n to_o diminish_v their_o revenue_n reunite_a to_o the_o crown_n all_o the_o land_n that_o have_v be_v give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o last_o hundred_o year_n which_o together_o with_o the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n disquiet_v the_o first_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o occasion_v frequent_a commotion_n which_o be_v over_o the_o remainder_n of_o his_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o disturbance_n at_o home_n or_o war_n abroad_o save_v only_o with_o lubeck_n and_o sometime_o with_o moscovy_n hitherto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sueden_n have_v for_o several_a hundred_o year_n be_v elective_a but_o be_v at_o this_o time_n make_v hereditary_a to_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o gustavus_n in_o a_o right_a line_n of_o succession_n with_o reservation_n that_o in_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n the_o right_n of_o election_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o estate_n gustavus_n by_o his_o three_o wife_n have_v four_o son_n and_o several_a daughter_n his_o elder_a son_n erick_n be_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n john_n be_v make_v duke_n of_o finland_n magnus_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_n and_o charles_n duke_n of_o sudermanland_n whereby_o those_o province_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n dismember_v from_o the_o crown_n a_o error_n in_o policy_n that_o sueden_n have_v so_o oft_o smart_v for_o that_o they_o have_v since_o make_v solemn_a resolution_n never_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o again_o thus_o have_v in_o his_o reign_n of_o thirty_o six_o year_n bring_v the_o kingdom_n into_o such_o a_o flourish_a condition_n as_o it_o have_v not_o see_v in_o many_o age_n and_o entail_v a_o crown_n upon_o his_o family_n in_o which_o it_o still_o continue_v he_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n erick_n 1559._o who_o be_v thereby_o hinder_v from_o prosecute_a his_o intend_a voyage_n to_o england_n with_o hope_n to_o marry_v queen_n elizabeth_n he_o reign_v nine_o year_n five_o of_o which_o he_o keep_v his_o brother_n john_n close_a prisoner_n upon_o suspicion_n of_o his_o design_v to_o supplant_v he_o as_o he_o final_o do_v but_o not_o before_o erick_n his_o make_v a_o peasant_n daughter_n his_o queen_n and_o by_o several_a cruel_a and_o dishonourable_a action_n have_v lose_v the_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n so_o that_o he_o be_v without_o much_o difficulty_n depose_v and_o condemn_v to_o a_o perpetual_a prison_n where_o he_o end_v his_o life_n upon_o his_o deposition_n the_o crown_n come_v to_o john_n iii_o 1568._o notwithstanding_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v engage_v their_o future_a allegiance_n to_o king_n erick_n son_n that_o he_o have_v by_o the_o queen_n before_o marriage_n the_o war_n with_o moscovy_n which_o begin_v in_o king_n erick_n time_n about_o liefland_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o this_o king_n with_o good_a success_n and_o several_a place_n take_v to_o which_o not_o only_o muscovy_n but_o poland_n and_o denmark_n also_o pretend_v for_o as_o the_o knight_n templar_n have_v transfer_v their_o right_n to_o liefland_n upon_o poland_n so_o the_o muscovite_n have_v agree_v to_o deliver_v it_o to_o magnus_n duke_n of_o holstein_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n brother_n in_o consideration_n of_o a_o small_a acknowledgement_n to_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n so_o that_o four_o great_a nation_n claim_v this_o country_n at_o once_o which_o possible_o may_v facilitate_v the_o suedish_n conquest_n this_o prince_n reign_n be_v disquiet_v by_o his_o attempt_n to_o alter_v the_o establish_v religion_n in_o which_o he_o make_v considerable_a progress_n but_o be_v sometime_o in_o doubt_n whether_o he_o shall_v endeavour_v a_o union_n with_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a church_n to_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o at_o last_o declare_v himself_o but_o can_v not_o prevail_v with_o his_o subject_n to_o follow_v his_o example_n he_o keep_v his_o brother_n erick_n ten_o year_n in_o prison_n and_o then_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o safety_n to_o have_v he_o poison_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n which_o it_o be_v say_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v give_v his_o brother_n magnus_n do_v not_o minister_v any_o cause_n of_o suspicion_n be_v disturb_v in_o his_o brain_n and_o uncapable_a of_o have_v any_o design_n but_o his_o brother_n charles_n give_v he_o sufficient_a occasion_n of_o jealousy_n and_o it_o be_v not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n that_o thing_n be_v keep_v from_o come_v to_o a_o extremity_n between_o they_o after_o a_o reign_n of_o thirty_o six_o year_n king_n john_n die_v by_o the_o fault_n of_o a_o ignorant_a apothecary_n there_o be_v then_o no_o physician_n in_o sueden_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n sigismond_n 1592._o who_o mother_n be_v catharine_n a_o princess_n of_o the_o jagellan_n family_n in_o poland_n to_o which_o crown_n sigismond_n have_v be_v elect_v five_o year_n before_o his_o father_n die_v his_o brother_n john_n be_v in_o his_o minority_n so_o that_o his_o uncle_n charles_n have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o sigismond_n come_v from_o poland_n to_o be_v crown_v in_o sueden_n which_o be_v not_o till_o about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o father_n decease_n his_o coronation_n be_v retard_v some_o month_n by_o the_o difficulty_n that_o arise_v about_o the_o point_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o privilege_n all_o which_o be_v at_o last_o accommodate_v and_o the_o king_n after_o a_o year_n stay_v in_o sueden_n return_v to_o poland_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n in_o great_a confusion_n which_o daily_o increase_v so_o that_o at_o his_o return_n some_o year_n after_o 1598._o he_o be_v meet_v by_o his_o uncle_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n which_o defeat_v the_o force_n the_o king_n bring_v with_o he_o whereupon_o a_o accommodation_n be_v patch_v up_o he_o return_v to_o poland_n leave_v his_o uncle_n to_o manage_v the_o government_n which_o post_n he_o hold_v till_o the_o state_n be_v weary_a of_o sigismond_n and_o have_v in_o vain_a bring_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o son_n advancement_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o his_o brother_n john_n also_o refuse_v they_o confer_v it_o upon_o his_o uncle_n charles_n the_o 9th_o who_o thereby_o become_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o poland_n as_o he_o be_v already_o with_o muscovy_n 1604._o the_o scene_n of_o both_o be_v in_o liefland_n where_o the_o suede_v lose_v ground_n till_o the_o affair_n of_o muscovy_n fall_v into_o such_o confusion_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v sueden_fw-mi a_o peace_n that_o they_o may_v have_v its_o assistance_n against_o the_o pole_n and_o tartar_n which_o be_v grant_v upon_o term_n very_o advantageous_a for_o sueden_n and_o send_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o count_n jacob_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gardie_n who_o do_v muscovy_n great_a service_n but_o the_o muscovite_n fail_v to_o perform_v the_o condition_n stipulate_v he_o break_v with_o they_o and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o novogrod_n and_o dispose_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o other_o of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n to_o desire_v prince_n charles_n philip_n the_o king_n be_v young_a son_n to_o be_v their_o czar_n which_o be_v so_o long_o in_o treat_v about_o that_o the_o opportunity_n be_v lose_v the_o year_n before_o this_o king_n death_n a_o war_n break_v out_o with_o denmark_n in_o which_o state_n he_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n gustavus_n adolphus_n 1611._o who_o have_v end_v the_o war_n with_o denmark_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o james_n the_o one_a of_o england_n apply_v himself_o to_o that_o in_o leifland_n and_o muscovy_n to_o the_o border_n of_o which_o he_o send_v his_o brother_n not_o with_o a_o intention_n to_o procure_v his_o establishment_n in_o that_o throne_n which_o he_o rather_o aim_v at_o for_o himself_o but_o to_o induce_v the_o fortify_v place_n adjacent_a to_o finland_n and_o liefland_n to_o accept_v of_o suedish_n garrison_n in_o prince_n charles_n phillip_n name_n which_o succeed_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n till_o another_o be_v choose_v czar_n with_o who_o after_o various_a success_n on_o both_o side_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v by_o the_o
in_o the_o king_n service_n they_o can_v never_o quit_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o serve_v and_o if_o they_o desert_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n the_o first_o institution_n of_o this_o method_n be_v very_o burdensome_a to_o the_o peasant_n who_o be_v at_o great_a charge_n to_o hire_v their_o man_n which_o cost_v they_o 10_o and_o sometime_o 20_o l._n apiece_o and_o the_o same_o they_o must_v do_v whenever_o their_o soldier_n die_v this_o in_o peaceable_a time_n will_v not_o be_v so_o chargeable_a as_o it_o be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n when_o man_n will_v be_v unwilling_a to_o serve_v and_o recruit_n more_o frequent_o need_v and_o as_o this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o project_n hitherto_o unexperienced_a so_o most_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v very_o difficult_a if_o not_o impracticable_a as_o all_o the_o common_a soldier_n be_v thus_o provide_v for_o at_o the_o country_n charge_n so_o all_o officer_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o king_n who_o have_v appropriate_v so_o much_o of_o the_o land_n late_o reunite_v or_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n to_o that_o purpose_n so_o that_o every_o officer_n have_v a_o convenient_a house_n and_o competent_a portion_n of_o land_n to_o live_v upon_o situate_a in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o regiment_n he_o belong_v to_o be_v quarter_v as_o also_o the_o rent_n of_o so_o many_o other_o farm_n as_o make_v up_o his_o pay_n which_o though_o it_o be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o former_o yet_o be_v punctual_o pay_v either_o in_o money_n corn_n or_o other_o comodities_n they_o find_v it_o more_o profitable_a than_o when_o they_o be_v to_o solicit_v for_o it_o at_o the_o treasury_n a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n have_v of_o these_o land_n the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o about_o 300_o l._n and_o the_o rest_n proportionable_o which_o amount_v to_o about_o 2500_o l._n a_o year_n for_o all_o the_o officer_n both_o upper_a and_o under_o of_o one_o foot_n regiment_n and_o there_o be_v in_o sweden_n finland_n and_o liefland_n 28_o regiment_n of_o foot_n under_o this_o establishment_n the_o maintenance_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o cost_v the_o king_n about_o 70000_o l._n a_o year_n what_o charge_v the_o clothing_n of_o the_o common_a soldier_n once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n their_o arm_n and_o such_o other_o necessary_n may_v put_v the_o king_n to_o can_v be_v so_o easy_o compute_v the_o officer_n of_o horse_n be_v provide_v for_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o such_o large_a allowance_n as_o be_v requisite_a there_o be_v fifteen_o regiment_n of_o horse_n thus_o establish_v and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o officer_n be_v compute_v to_o be_v about_o 80000_o l._n a_o year_n all_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o rent_n of_o crown_n land_n as_o do_v also_o the_o wage_n of_o civil_a officer_n in_o the_o country_n who_o have_v farm_n annex_v to_o their_o employment_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o militia_n the_o law_n the_o king_n have_v make_v for_o maintain_v this_o constitution_n be_v every_o exact_a and_o particular_a and_o provide_v with_o great_a caution_n that_o neither_o the_o peasant_n shall_v be_v oppress_v nor_o the_o land_n and_o house_n ruin_v to_o which_o end_n all_o such_o land_n be_v yearly_o visit_v and_o the_o possessor_n compel_v to_o make_v such_o repair_v as_o be_v find_v needful_a and_o as_o every_o officer_n upon_o his_o first_o come_v to_o such_o a_o estate_n subscribe_v a_o inventory_n of_o it_o so_o upon_o advancement_n he_o can_v take_v possession_n of_o another_o charge_n till_o he_o have_v put_v that_o estate_n into_o as_o good_a a_o condition_n as_o he_o find_v it_o and_o in_o case_n of_o death_n his_o heir_n can_v inherit_v till_o that_o be_v do_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n all_o trespass_n and_o crime_n comit_v by_o the_o soldiery_n fall_v ordinary_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o a_o civil_a magistrate_n who_o have_v the_o same_o authority_n over_o they_o as_o over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n except_o when_o they_o be_v encamp_v or_o in_o garrison_n or_o any_o way_n under_o fly_a colour_n in_o all_o which_o case_n as_o also_o in_o all_o matter_n that_o relate_v sole_o to_o their_o profession_n their_o officer_n have_v jurisdiction_n over_o they_o without_o who_o leave_n a_o private_a soldier_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o lodge_v out_o of_o his_o quarter_n nor_o be_v absent_a a_o day_n from_o the_o parish_n he_o belong_v to_o the_o inferior_a officer_n can_v be_v absent_a from_o their_o charge_n but_o by_o the_o colonel_n permission_n nor_o captain_n and_o those_o above_o they_o without_o the_o king_n leave_n and_o the_o good_a effect_n of_o the_o officer_n constant_a residence_n upon_o their_o respective_a charge_n appear_v in_o the_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a behaviour_n of_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v not_o hitherto_o break_v out_o into_o any_o enormity_n nor_o give_v the_o common_a people_n any_o great_a occasion_n of_o complaint_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o discipline_n each_o company_n meet_v and_o be_v exercise_v once_o a_o month_n and_o every_o regiment_n once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n at_o which_o time_n only_o they_o wear_v the_o the_o king_n clothes_n which_o at_o their_o return_n be_v careful_o lay_v up_o in_o the_o church_n for_o their_o government_n in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o king_n have_v late_o cause_v the_o article_n of_o war_n to_o be_v review_v and_o print_v together_o with_o a_o new_a establishment_n of_o court_n marshal_n and_o instruction_n for_o the_o auditor_n general_n and_o other_o officer_n concern_v in_o the_o ministration_n of_o justice_n and_o for_o his_o majesty_n information_n on_o all_o occasion_n a_o book_n have_v be_v late_o make_v specify_v the_o name_n of_o every_o military_a officer_n in_o the_o king_n army_n the_o time_n when_o they_o first_o come_v into_o the_o service_n and_o by_o what_o step_v they_o have_v rise_v by_o which_o mean_v at_o one_o view_n his_o majesty_n know_v the_o merit_n and_o service_n of_o any_o officer_n the_o force_n in_o pomerania_n and_o bremen_n as_o also_o the_o regiment_n of_o foot_n guard_n be_v not_o under_o this_o establishment_n but_o be_v pay_v in_o money_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n force_n according_a to_o the_o best_a and_o most_o exact_a account_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o establish_a militia_n in_o sweden_n finland_n and_o liefland_n be_v man_n cavalry_n 15_o regiment_n be_v 17000_o infantry_n 28_o regiment_n be_v 35000_o foot_n guard_n regiment_n 2000_o force_n in_o pomeren_n and_o bremen_n 6_o regiment_n be_v 6000_o in_o all_o 50_o regiment_n 6000_o each_o regiment_n ordinary_o consist_v of_o 1200_o man_n but_o some_o of_o more_o of_o which_o 96_o be_v officer_n and_o such_o care_n be_v take_v to_o keep_v they_o complete_a that_o it_o very_o seldom_o happen_v that_o 20_o man_n at_o a_o time_n be_v want_v in_o a_o regiment_n and_o as_o they_o be_v always_o in_o a_o readiness_n so_o a_o great_a body_n of_o they_o may_v quick_o be_v bring_v together_o especial_o towards_o the_o border_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n where_o in_o twenty_o day_n time_n the_o king_n of_o sueden_n can_v have_v a_o army_n of_o 20000_o men._n above_o the_o ordinary_a establishment_n the_o king_n have_v annex_v to_o each_o regiment_n about_o twenty_o supernumerary_a farm_n to_o answer_v any_o extraordinary_a accident_n of_o fire_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o furnish_v a_o subsistence_n for_o such_o officer_n as_o be_v past_a service_n for_o common_a soldier_n that_o age_n or_o wound_n have_v render_v unfit_a for_o war_n there_o be_v one_o general_a hospital_n which_o have_v a_o good_a revenue_n and_o beside_o that_o every_o officer_n that_o be_v advance_v pay_v to_o it_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n proportionable_a to_o the_o charge_n he_o arise_v to_o a_o colonel_n pay_v 100_o crown_n and_o other_o in_o proportion_n beside_o the_o arm_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o militia_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a magazine_n at_o stockholm_n and_o another_o at_o the_o castle_n of_o jencopingh_n towards_o the_o border_n of_o denmark_n and_o these_o as_o occasion_n serve_v be_v furnish_v from_o a_o considerable_a ironwork_n at_o oerbro_n in_o nervia_fw-la which_o be_v continual_o employ_v in_o make_v arm_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o jencopingh_n a_o train_n of_o artillery_n stand_v always_o in_o readiness_n this_o be_v the_o sole_a inland_a fortress_n in_o sueden_n which_o less_o need_v such_o artificial_a strength_n as_o well_o for_o other_o reason_n as_o because_o nature_n in_o very_a many_o place_n have_v provide_v it_o with_o such_o pass_n as_o that_o a_o handful_n of_o man_n may_v defend_v against_o a_o great_a army_n on_o the_o border_n of_o norway_n beside_o some_o small_a fort_n that_o keep_v the_o passage_n over_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v the_o castle_n