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city_n	great_a	king_n	people_n	9,166	5	4.4099	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35762	A discription of Tangier, the country and people adjoyning with an account of the person and government of Gayland, the present usurper of the kingdome of Fez, and a short narrative of the proceedings of the English in those parts : whereunto is added, the copy of a letter from the King of Fez to the King of England, for assistance against his rebellious subjects, and another from Grayland to His Sacred Majesty Charles the Second : with divers letters and passages worthy of note / translated from the Spanish into English, and published by authority.	Charles I, King of England, 1600-1649.; Charles II, King of England, 1630-1685.; Ghaylān, Aḥmad al-Khāḍir ibn ʻAlī, d. 1673.; Teviot, Andrew Rutherford, Earl of, d. 1664.	1664 (1664)	Wing D1151; ESTC R12756	46,144	89

the waters until he finds a Promontory or an Head of Land hanging out to the Sea this he called presently The Cape of Good Hope yet he fails at once the Love and Grief of that Coast Jo. the 2d seconds him and under the Conduct of Degola 1500. gets in to the Princes Island takes Angola I mean the City so called and with the assistance of Bartholomew Diaz gets in to Quilon Mosambique and Melinde with the King of the last whereof he made a League and with his help and direction found Port Caliculo and that way to the East-Indies but he dyeth too and his Enterprize with him A Vasquez had the honour to begin this discovery and a Vasquez hath the honour likewise to compleat it He therefore Almeda and Albu-quierque finding their way clear to the Indies but not safe through the Streights as long as those Moors Possessed the Maritime Forts they destroy Hamar ruine Bazre take Arzilla and after much expence of Bloud and Treasure under Alphonso the 5th win Tangier hard it was to win this Town which was the very strength of Fez. the Mistress of the Sea the Key of the Inland-Countrey the Sanctuary of all Male-contents and Enemies Sometimes we have 60000 sometimes 80000 sometimes an 10000 yea sometimes 200000 before it Besides the noblest Voluntiers Once there the two Kings of Morocco and Fez. the Princes of Ezhagger Asgarre Benj. Jessen Alcazaer 3000 Nobles 6000 well Horsed Gentry all in Gold and Silver and that we may see the Christians Care was not less to keep than the Infidels were to regain it Sebastian King of Portugall draws out 80000 Foot 20000 Horse to which Stukely a Prince at least in Conceit who had 6000 men given him to reduce Ireland to the obedience of the Pope the King of Spain and was Created by his Holyness to that purpose no less than Marquess of Lempster Earl of Weaford Lord Rosse added his Fortunes and in one day all four Princes viz. Sebastian Stukely Mahomet and Abdemelech fell therewith no less than 126000 men Upon Sebastians death the Spaniards had the place with the Kingdome of Portugall untill the Revolt 1640. when this City with that Kingdome returned to its wonted obedience Tangier say the Inhabitants was by Seddei the Son of Had compassed about with walls of Brass and the roofs of them covered with Gold for the building whereof he exacted great tributes of the Cities of the World believe it who can It s distance from the Streights of Gibralter is 30 miles and from the City of Fez. 150. it hath been alwayes a Civill Famous and well-peopled Town and very stately and sumptuously built the Field thereto belonging not very Fertill or apt for health howbeit not farr off are certain vallies continually watred with Fountains which furnish the said City with all sorts of Fruits in abundance without the City also grows certain Vines albeit upon a sandy soil The Country was well inhabited untill such time as Arzilla was surprised by the Portugals for then the Inhabitants being dismayed with Rumors of Wars took up their bag and baggage and fled unto Fez. Whereupon the King of Portugall his Deputy at Arzilla sent one of his Captains thither who kept it so long under the obedience of the King till the King of Fez. sent one of his Kinsmen also to defend a Region of great Importance near unto the Mountains of Gum●ra being Enemy to the Christians Twenty five years before the Portugal King wan this City he sent forth an Armada against it hoping that the City being destitute of aid while the King of Fez. was in Wars against the Rebels of Mecnase would soon yeild it self But contrary to the Portugals Expectation the Fessan King concluding a suddain Truce with them of Mecnase sent his Counseller with an Army who encountring the Portugals made a great Slaughter of them and among the rest slew their General whom he caused to be carried in a Case or Sack unto new Fez. and there to be set upon an high place where all men might behold him Afterward the King of Portugal sent a new supply who suddenly assailing the City in the night were most of them slain and the residue enforced to flee But that which the Portugal King could not bring to pass with those two Armadas he atchieved at length as is aforesaid with small Forces and little disadvantage In my time Mahomet King of Fez. left no means unattempted for the recovery of this City but so great alwayes was the valour of the Portugals that he had ever ill success These things were done in the Hegeira 917. which was in the year of our Lord 1508. Some 12 miles from Tangier was Casor and Ezzagor in an open and pleasant place over against the Coast of Granada but surprized by the Portugez And notwithstanding many attempts by the King of Fez what with money which is the first offer they alwayes make and what with men to recover it it is utterly lost and ruin'd Within 13 mile of Tangier is Tettuan called so from Tet teguin or one Eye because of the one Eyed Woman that had the command over it under the Goths fourscore and fifteen years It was desolate after the Portugals first Invasion until it was rebuilt by Almandaly who fortified it with a Wall and a Ditch from whence he cruelly molested Septa Casor and Tangier upon the Coasts whereof he made dayly Incursions and Inroads putting all Christians he took to work in his Forts by Day and lye in Sackcloath and Fetters within the deepest Dungeon in the Night Some 40 miles off is Arzitta a fair Town between which and Tangier if that correspondence could be kept which was designed by Pedro Navarro the Trade and Government of that place would lye at our mercy the Portugals having shewed us an example how we might surprize their Forts as they did that of Narangia by a stratagem 1486. take their Isles as they did Getria with a Fleet 1463. demolish their Cities as they did Bafra and Homari Round about Tangier are the wild but fruitful Mountains Chebal Rahina Beni-how Beni-Chestev whither the Moors fled and seated themselves since the Portugez took Tangia or Tangier from whence they made such Invasions even into those Mountains that the Infidels were hardly able to live there till of late by the neglect of the Portugez they have been able to build Forts and strong holds in those high places from whence they infest us at pleasure having two advantages whereof the first is their Warlikeness and the second their Woods 1. This place stands very convenient to secure and advance the Indian commerce as far as those places where there are more riches than were ever yet discovered unto the World 2. It commands the Barbarians within who could never look the Portugez in the Face til of late 2. And all Nations without who must ask its leave to pass to and fro the Streights to the great

A Guyland alias GAYLAND the Present Vsurper of the kingdome of FEZ A DESCRIPTION OF TANGIER The Country and People adjoyning WITH An Account of the Person and Government OF GAYLAND The present Usurper of the Kingdome of FEZ And a short Narrative of the Proceedings of the English in those Parts Whereunto is added The Copy of a Letter from the King of FEZ to the King of ENGLAND for Assistance against his Rebellious Subjects And another from GAYLAND to his Sacred Majesty CHARLES the Second With divers Letters and Passages worthy of Note Translated from the Spanish into English And Published by Authority London Printed for Samuel Speed at the Rainbow in Fleet-street near the Inner Temple-Gate 1664. of Affrica and America where an Acre of Ground is a Barony and a Rood a Dutchy as yeilding that Wealth with a few weeks pains that cannot be 〈…〉 for 〈◊〉 Ages Industry 3. Because this place and the Country round about is like to be that Renowned Scoene of Action which will render us considerable in this last Age to the world The French do intend to make themselves famous for seeking out a convenient footing in this Country no doubt but we shall be so for keeping ours It is a pleasure to go over his Majesties Dominions at home in Cambden Speed c. O what satisfaction is it then to go along with his Acquists and travel with his Conquests abroad to see how carefully he provides for Trade how providently he secures the Sea how zealously he promotes our interest and honour Here you will see First the situation improvement strength and advantages of Tangier that hath within 100 years cost 20 millions of money and the lives of one million of men Secondly the nature of the Country round about it Thirdly the Government of it together with its ancient Kings before this late Usurpation and their Correspondence Embassies and Letters to the Kings of England Fourthly the present Usurpation by Gayland whereunto is added a Discourse of his Person Government Revenue Discipline and Policy Fifthly the Transactions between him and the Earl of Tiveot in Barbary and his Sacred Majesty in England where are the Letters that passed between them concerning Peace and Accommodation And Sixthly here is the humour and temper of those people with whom we have to do there together with their Customes and Manners There have been whole Volumes written of this Place as 1. That of Hanno a MS. that was preserved for no less then 1400 years and an hundred years ago printed by the Noble Stephanus 2. That of Alcazar kept now in the Tower of Tetuan And 3. That of Leo Affricanus written by him as he travelled that Country in the Hegeira 953 and in the year of our Lord 1528 and translated into English by Mr. Robert Pary of Cambridge in the year 1600. And 4. That of Abaf●i vel Mammuled whereof there are but two Copies now in the World one is kept by the Governour of Morocco and the other by the Grand Seignior it being death for any Man to take a Map of that Country without their leave But I have not observed so much satisfaction within so narrow a compass so many particulars in so little a Volume in my life especially considering that the Book is an outlandish one and the Author a Spanyard then whom none go a greater way about either to do what they say or to say what they see You are to take notice that the Geography and History are Translated by one hand and the Letters by another but both very exactly compared with the Original and transmitted to the world upon the Faith and Honour of very ingenious persons Here is in the Original an exact Account of the whole Kingdome as to all the remarkable particulars in it but we thought fit onely to take its general Delineations together with its chief Ports and Towns and the places nearest Tangier as most peculiarly concerning us whether as we possess that place or trade that way I will adde no more but that I must needs think that we are very happy now adays since Printing is so much improved that the meanest person need bestow no more pains then a few hours reading to take that view of the world which hath cost others many years travelling And that my Lord Rutherford Earl of Tiveot communicated to a Friend of his a little before his going over the last time his Designe of either publishing a new Description of that Country or Translating this or compleating Leo Affricanus We can do no more then perform the second wishing heartily that so knowing so observing and so publick-spirited a Person had lived to have done the first A DESCRIPTION OF TANGIER TANGIER or Tangis is one of the greatest and the very antientest City in Fez. Great it s now thrice as great say the most skilful Surveyors it hath been so antient that we find it was built by those Canaanites fled from the face of Josuah there being an Inscription left and two Pillars whereon it is engraven to this purpose Nos fugimus a facie Josuae praedonis filii Nave that is to say We here are the Inhabitants of the Land of Canaan that fled before the face of Josuah the Son of Nun. We have heard much of Hercules his Pillars but here one of them is to be seen on a Hill within seven Miles of the place as the other is over against it in Spain for here Hercules is reported to have slain the Gyant Anteus that the oftner he fell the oftner he rose again and could never be Conquered as long as he could touch his Mother Earth So considerable is this place that Claudius and other brave Romans drew here many Legions that they lost before the place which they at last gained and gave a new Name viz. Julia T●aducta yet in spite of that Fa●e that devolved the World upon that great City t is Corner of it returned at once to its old Liberty and antient Name that it retains unto this day When the Romans could do no good the ingenuous Portuguez guessing there was a shorter Cut that way than that which they knew formerly to the Indies and yet that that Cut could not be securely passed without an interest and hold in that Country Vasquez Gama attempts the Expedition 1497. and with so much success that he found the Streights of Gibralta but lived not either to instruct or encourage others to make use of or improve his noble discovery Yet he found the Continent large the Sea Towns strong the Inhabitants numerous and breaking in to some Sea Ports spoyled them until he came to the Atlantique where he dyed None could second him but a Prince and Henry Duke of Visco doth it as far as his Estate or Credit goeth he consults the experience of all the Sea Commanders sends for the Astronomers and Navigators peruseth all the Cosmography that was then in the World he sets out and is tossed along

10000. of them shall hide themselves in the Sand so as that you may go over them and not discover them 23. He armes his choice men very well that they may survive his Encounters to a considerable Skill Experience and Considence which if his men were cut off in every occasion fresh-water-Souldiers are not capable of And besides being so armed he ordereth them not to Charge until they come within Execution of the Enemy which they will do manfully bearing up against his Charges to his very face The Proceedings of the English at Tangier since they possessed it and were opposed by the Vsurper Gayland AMong the many great Benefits we proposed to our selves by our Alliance with Portugal this is not the least that we might enjoy a secure and free Trade in Africa and America those Treasures of the Universe In order to which end we had in the year 1661. the antient City of Tangier delivered to us a place where we might in our Traffick that way both refresh and secure our selves and give Law to others And no sooner was it delivered to us than the Right Honourable the Earl of Peterborough Listed 1000. Foot and 300. Horse the last in Southwark the first in Black-Heath to possess and secure it His Officers were Captain Levet Captain Mordant Captain Blake Captain Anesley Captain Belletore Captain Clerk Captain Fairborn Captain Colls Captain Car Captain Nerve Major Johnson and Lieutenant Collonel Sir James Snith And as his Lordship prepared himself for the Government of it from hence so the Right Honourable the Earl of Sandwich went thither October in the same year where he found strong Fortifications many fair Gardens and so well situated that no Ship can pass in or out of the Streights but Ships as ride there may see and speak with them and that the Portuguez were very civil to the English and made great expressions of their welcome And thereupon in December following the aforesaid Honourable Lord addressed himself for his Charge I mean the Command of Tangier which we found situated strongly on the side of a Hill having one Gate only to the water side and Land-ward four Gates one within the other and a great many good brass Canons were mounted on the Walls of it and in the middle of it we saw a Fountain of Water that continually runneth with a very full stream that conveyeth it self under the Town December 9. 1661. The English and Irish Forces were embarqued in several Vessels according to my Lord Rutherfords order from Dunkirk to Tangier never any Souldiers were shipped to foreign service more willingly never any carried more resolutely the number 3200. old Souldiers the Commanders Col. Fitz-Gerard Col. Farrel Sir Robert Horley L. C Kingwell Major Fiernes Captain Summers Captain Flord Captain Herbert Captain Emerson Captain Brooks No sooner was my Lord upon the place than he setled a very fair Correspondence with the Portuguez and Moors there upon the old Portugal terms until he could be able to procure himself better so that we had the Accommodations of that Place upon as good Conditions as we could wish In the mean time our works went on our Souldiers were inured to the Country we were better acquainted with the humour and interest of the People and in a word had exacter Observation of our Advantages in order to a further settlement April 11. 1663. The Moors had a Design of drawing upon Tangier whereof his Excellency having Intelligence by the Arabian Spies he employed to that purpose drew up a Regiment of Foot and a Troop of Horse but being not willing to spend any of his own men upon the Barbarians he sent out some Moors who had heretofore revolted and come in and have been many wayes useful and serviceable to us who accordingly being horsed encountred with a Party of the Enemy in the sight of the Town and wounded the Shots Son one of the principal Persons of the Country of which wounds he is since dead and his loss is much lamented by the Infidels In revenge whereof as we conjecture five dayes after a considerable Party came within our Trench and one of their chief Captains was killed by our Artillery These little Braveries prejudice them more than they can annoy us who can look on until the Country is harassed and ruined with Poverty Hunger and Sickness The Moors will be necessitated in all probability ere long to a better Complyance with Tangier already many of them did run over to us with Horses and Cattel so that fresh Provisions were no varieties and upon the whole matter our condition was much another thing than it was when we first setled there Health Plenty Trade Security and good Government having put us into a very setled Condition and his Excellency the Lord Peterborough having so well and happily setled all the Concernments to the honour and advantage of his Majesty then ready by his Majesties grace and favour to return into England and put the City into his Successors hands having payed off all Arrears and filled up all Stores and Ammunitions And as an Argument of our Prosperity we had very good Correspondenee with Algier together with a resolution to continue in Amity with us they of Sallee likewise desire a good understanding with us Tangier rendring England much more considerable to Algier than it would be were this Garrison in other hands The Works were strengthned by the same Noble Lord the Garrison enlarged the Quarters were disposed the Rate of Victualls was setled the Guards were ordered and 5. Mile round clearly gained But the Earl of Tiveot arriving there began a little stone Redoubt which we perfected without any opposition from the Enemy also we made Entrenchments and Lines of Communication from place to place insomuch that a great deal of ground was left free to us to feed our Cattel in safety Thursday the 4th of June we began another Redoubt on the top of the hill which overlooketh the Town to the very Ports thereof at the same time we made Retrenchments beyond the hill that we might not be surprised nor our works molested Gayland hearing of the consequence of this Redoubt and of our dayly Retrenching assembled his Army consisting of 4000 Horse and 20000 Foot and Encamps within a league of the Town Two fugitives one after another brought us news that he resolved to attaque our works Upon Sunday morning we divided our Retrenchments into three Posts whereof Col. Fitz-Gerard and his Regiment was to maintain that near the Sea on the East Col. Norwood with half the Governours Regiments the middle Post wherein lay the new great Redoubt L. C. Knightley with the other half of the said Regiment where the little Redoubts were on the right hand Col. Bridges with the Horse in the middest of all to give succour as need should require and repell the Enemy if they entred our works Col. Alsop the Town Major still visiting the posts The outmost lines of all for favouring the

their Complexion which is Tawny and inclining to black or their Condition as who are bafe in their Original and not very honourable in their present state Morocco hath on the East of it Maloa on the VVest from Tremison the Atlantick Ocean on the South Atlas and on the North Fez. It hath its chief denomination from the chief City of it Morocco it hath large Cities well inhabited as well fortified whereof one contained Anno 1659 when there went out an Enrolment from the Xeriff or chief Governour to Tax every Family by the Poll 150000 Families 486 Mosches or Churches on the Tower of the chiefest whereof or the Mother-Church as they call it there was a Globe that weighed 800 pound in Gold and was valued at 1300000 Duckats The Country is like Ireland rich and fertile and wants onely skilful and laborious inhabitants that may improve it to that rich advantage it is capable of that Country coming up as all Travellers aver to our Saviours proportion of increase some times and places thirty fold some fifty some sixty and some and hundred The Air is much after the temper of England but that there is a South-wind that ever and anon blows and brings along with it an extraordinary and a very hurtful heat like that at Scanderoon did not an Eastern blast bring with it four times a year viz. about the middle of July the latter end of August the beginning of March and most part of May as extraordinary cold that balanceth the former excess to a temper exceeding pleasant and healthful insomuch as it was observed by Mr. Tevillian that traveiled Morocco anno 1633. when King Charles the first of glorious memory upon the humble Request of the King of Fez sent 15 ships to assist him in the Conquest of the Pyrates of Sala who were too hard for him and to his great grief poor man infested all Europe and Asia that were concerned in the Eastern Trade that never any English VVelch or Scotch that were cast upon those coasts died before they were an hundred years old nor any French or Irish that lived there a twelve-month for some years together until Art helped Nature and they understanding the temperature of the Climate and their own constitution were taught those Rules and Prescriptions that corrected the first and assisted the second Of the eleven Mountains of Barbary four are fallen to the share of this part of it 1. Thanebes 2. Gous 3. Phocra 4. Usaletto from which spring up those pleasant and wholesome streams that run like so many Veins of Blood turning and winding through this uneven Ground dispensing their Refreshments and Verdure on all sides with equal kindness to Men to Beasts to the Grass and Corn. But Morocco and Fez are as it were all one as well in the state and condition of the Countrey as in the Government Come we then at last to Fez wherein lieth Tangier the place we have in our Eye Fez hath on the South of it Morocco which is no other then the other half of it on the North the Mediterranean on the East Malon and Tremeson on the West the Atlantick It is thought by that excellent Surveyor Maurus to be as big as Toledo that is almost twice as big as England and something over The Ground is very uneven and unequal no Hills higher then its Mountains no Wilderness wider and looser then its Deserts no Parks more woody than its Forrests no Valleys more Pleasant and Profitable than its Champaigns which what they want in length and breadth they gain in depth as if Nature had heaped one Acre upon two in the matchless fertility thereof Our Age barren of Belief affords not Faith so easily to the Story as this Land afforded Food to their ten hundred thousand men Anno 1569 when an hundred thousand fell at the famous Battel before Tangier The Soil of the Countrey of Armagh in Ireland is so rank of it self that if any compost or artificial improvement be added unto it it turns barren saith my ingenious Author out of fullenness and indignation that men should suspect the native fruitfulness thereof and Fat upon Fat is false Heraldry in Husbandry An English man once dunged two Acres of this Countrey towards Gosel and it 's barren to this day and called by the Inhabitants in the Punick Erapi vosci Dos Gods curse upon Europe Ships when sailing are generally conceived to have one moyety of them invisible under Water and some Countreys in like manner are counted to have their Wealth equally within the Earth and without it But the proportion holds not exactly in Fez whose visible Wealth far transcendeth her concealed Substance And yet we finde some Minerals therein of considerable use and value As 1. Brass and Iron so plentifully that though they have not the Blessing of Asher Thy shooes shall be iron and brass yet have they so competent a store of it that she is no Gentlewoman there that hath not her twenty great Iron Rings about her 2. Salt without which no Meat is savoury to Man no Sacrifice acceptable to God Abimelech sowed Sechem and Abdamelech Gasel with Salt There are two sorts of Salt 1. Fossilis digged 2. Coctilis boyled both here plentifully the first about Hea the last about Heahem and in Lakes near Fez where they set no Salt on their Tables but every one takes a little in his hand 3. Glass whereof the best in the World saith the great Historian of Nature is found on the River Belus and the next to that saith Solinus in Hevalous or as they call it now Hebal 4. Marble the great Ornament of their Cities and Temples 5. Precious Stones in abundance no doubt near Arzilla as we may guess by those few found there by chance by Vasquez in his second Expedition 6. Curious medicinal Waters arising from the sulphurious spring of Mount Anaba 7. For Gold and Silver though to avoid the Invasions of other Nations they say with St. Peter Silver and Gold have I none yet no doubt if the European Industry possessed the place of the Affrican sloth it would finde the Indies in its way thither for Fez the chief City of this Region hath its name from that Gold that is supposed to lie a breeding in the very Bowels of it But the upper fruitfulness of the Soyl makes them the more negligent in digging into the bowels thereof as those need not play beneath board who have all the Game in their own hands For this Countrey hath plenty 1. Of Oyl-Olive so called to difference it from Seed or Train-Oyl hereof there are three kindes or rather degrees whereof 1. the coursest makes lamps which they burn in their Mosques Temples and great Palaces Day and Night 2. A middle sort for fineness used for Meat or rather Sallad with their cold Herbs and colder Pap 3. The finest compounded with Spices for Ointment for Kings Priests and Ladies at their more solemn occasions of Pomp and State of

Piety and Devotion and of Pleasure and Entertainment Three Carrects of Oyl was one of the designed Presents to the Renowned King CHARLES the First 1634 by Abdalla that were lost in the Mediterranean where Oyl it self sunk 2. Honey This is their Sugar as Salt is their Pepper whence it was called by the Ancients Terra Melliflua the Canaanites here for you shall hear anon how they fled hither from the face of Joshua as well as in their own Countrey enjoying a Land that flowed with Honey the Gentile part whereof use Honey after the Persian manner in their Sacrifices which Grotius saith is the reason why Honey was forbidden in the Jewish Oblations And to this Honey belongeth Wax wherewith they dress their Leather the best here if you will believe Valtolin that famous Shooe-Maker and Traveller whose Shooes were surely made of running Leather 3. Fruits The biggest and most plentiful that ever I read of As 1. Dates whereof there is this tradition amongst them That a Date-Tree over-shadowed an Olive-Tree and that Olive-Tree a Fig-Tree and that Fig-Tree a Pomegranate and that Pomegranate a Vine 2. Almonds 3. Nuts 4. Figs. 5. Pomegranates 6. Pears 7. Spices 8. Cherries 9. Plums and Apples Of which they made their most considerable Presents whereof good store were sent at several times to the Earles of Peterburrough and Tiveot from that excellent Rebel Gayland who wants nothing of a compleat man as Cromwel did not but that he hath not common Honesty 4. Barley It was the Humility of Christ it is the necessity of the Fezians to eat Barley-Loaves 5. Vines so good that notwithstanding the strict Laws of Mahomet to which they are most subject the inhabitants cannot but request their King to allow and the King cannot but grant them a liberty to drink Wine especially at Ezhaggen some fifteen Leagues off of Tangier where it 's a part of the City-Charter That they may drinke VVine on Mundays Tuesdays Thursdays and Sundays Yet as great as good so that what is prophesied of Judah may be true here That they may binde their foals to the Vine and their asses colts to the choice Vine though Vines with us are tied to other Trees for their support and that a Grape there in many places is as big as a Plum with us 6. Wood so that round Tangier the Countrey seemed formerly a continued Grove of sweet Firs shady Palms strong Oaks close Cypress c. and where Trees are wanting there Grass and Ferns look like thick Coppices so high that a whole Army may be lodged Horse and Foot in a field and not discerned as they did to our sorrow in the late action on the third of May 1664. These are their Vegetables Their Beasts are 1. Goats whose flesh is good Meat as their skins make good Leather and their Fleeces good Chamlets 2. Their Diet is so plain that they have very few Cattle for meat but many for shew and service as 1. Lyons so tame that they will gather stones up and down the streets in Fez and hurt none and his Highness Prince Rupert hath one of my Lord Rutherford's bestowing that will lie upon his Bed as quietly as any Lamb. 2. Elephants 3. Dragons 4. Leopards 5. Horses the handsomest the strongest and swiftest in the World A Barbary Horse is a Proverb I had almost forgot that Balm or Balsome whereof the first Plants Josephus saith Antiq. l. 8. the Queen of Sheba brought from this place to Judea This Balsome is two-fold 1. Xylo-Balsamum the Parent being the shrub out of which it proceeded 2. Opo-Balsamum being the Daughter which trickled like tears from the former Useful 1. for the Healthful making a most odoriferous and pleasant perfume 2. For the Sick being soveraign and medicinal 3. For the Dead being an admirable preservative against corruption To Balm I adde what is more necessary as well as more common I mean Water They think we Northern People are drowned with a Dropsie and we suspect they of the South are on fire with a Feavour This is a Land like Judea as it is described Deut. 8. 7. A land of brooks of waters of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Strabo A well-watered Countrey Object But you will say Our Englishmen talk of Mountains and Hills Answ Such fruitful Hills as make the Land insensibly larger in extent though no whit less in increase some Cattle as Goats some Fruits as Vines thrive never better than on these Mountains or on the side of these Hills 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grassie and fair fruitful Hills which as they afford a plentiful Prospect so they conduce much to make the Cities impregnable that are built among them Object They talk of Desarts too Answ Indeed the word Desart sounds hideously in an English Ear and frights our Fancies with the apparitions of a place full of dismal shades salvage Beasts and doleful Desolation whereas among these People it imports no more than a woody Retiredness from publick Habitation most of them in extent not exceeding our great Parks in England and more alluring with the pleasure of privacy than affrighting with the sadnesse of Solitariness SECT II. TOuching the Inhabitants of this place we are to understand That when the Isles of the Gentiles were divided among the Sons of Noah this Coast fell to the lot of Mizraim and Phut the sons of Cham who first inhabited it upon the dispersion but thinly until upon Joshua's approach the Canaanites fled hither from the face of Joshua and built Tangier as will appear more particularly in the description of that place Of those Canaanites there were seven People whereof six came hither As 1. The Hittites those sons of Anak so formidable to their Foes that some conceive them named from Hittah to scare or frighten such the terrible impressions of them upon their Enemies 2. The Gergashites whom the Hierusalem-Talmud makes to dwell near Cinnereth on the East of Jordan whence they stole faith my Author into Egypt 3. The Canaanites particularly so called that dwelt by the sea and coast of Jordan 4. The Cadmonites or Easterlings 5. The Amorites 6. The Arvadites These men possessed the place until the Phoenicians and most remote Punicks dispossessed them and they until the Saracens turned them out of doors 1. Here are placed the Cynocephali that have heads like Dogs snouts like Swine and ears like Horses 2. Here are the Sciapodes that have such a broad foot and but one that they cover their heads from the heat of the Sun and the violence of the showrs by lifting this up over them 3. Here are the Gumnosophantes that go naked and fear nothing more then a cloathed man being ignorant of the use of Weapons and one being able without a miracle to chase 1000 of them 4. Here are the Blemmiae men that walk as St. Dyonis did from Paris to Rheimes without heads having their eyes and mouths in their breasts 5.