Demy-god Aeneas the Son of Venus Daughter of Jupiter about the year of the World 2855 and 1108 before the Nativity of Christ builded this City near unto the River now called Thames and named it Troynovant or Trenovantes SECT IV. Of the Fame of London for Trade and Traffique HIstorians do inform us this City hath been long since renowned for Trade and Commerce the livelyhood of Merchants and the life of the Common-wealth Co. 2. Inst 28. wherein the King and every Subject hath interest the Merchant being the good Bayliff of the Realm to export and vent the native commodities of the Realm and to import and bring in the necessary commodities for the defence and benefit thereof Cornelius Tacitus who in the dayes of Nero 1540 years since reporteth it to have been a place very famous for fresh Trade concourse of Merchants and great store of Victuals and all things necessary London was sayes Bede a Town of Trade and Traffique a long time since frequented with many Nations resorting thither by Sea and Land William of Malmesbury sayes that London was replenished with rich Citizens and frequented with the Commerce of Occupiers and Factors coming out of all Lands Speed informeth us that London was ever famous for concourse of Merchants and of great renown for Provision of all things necessary in the time of Suetonius Nero's Lieutenant here Thus much of the antient Estimation of this City for Trade and Commerce SECT V. Of the Honourable Titles that have been and are given to this City IT is stiled the Epitome Cambden or Breviary of all Britain the Seat of the Brittish Empire the King of Englands Chamber Co. 4. Inst 24â— Camerae Regis Reipublicae Cor totius Regni Epitome Civitas nobilissima Stephanides Regni firmata Columna Stow. The most noble and able part of the English Empire Speed A noble and wealthy City William of Malmesbury Pupilla Oculi Regis Cor Regni the Treasure of the Kingdom Bulstrode in his Reports Caput Regni legum Lambard SECT VI. Of the Walls belonging to this renowned City TOuching the Walls of London there are three things worthy of your Observation scil 1. The First Founder of them Simeon of Durham an ancient Writer reporteth that Hellen the Mother of Constantine the Great was the first that inwalled this City about the year of Christ 306. 2. That the City was walled round about by the River of Thames as appears by William Fitz Stephen who writing in the Reign of King Henry 2. and writing of the Walls of this City hath these very words Muro Urbis alto magno duplatis Heptapylae portis inter continuante turrito ab Aquilone per inter capedines Similiterque ab Austo Londonia murata Turrita fuit sed fluvius maximus piscosus Thamensis mari influo refluoque qui illic allabitur maenia illa tractu temporis alluit labefactavit dejecit The Wall is high and great well towred on the North side with due distances between the Towers On the South-side also the City was walled and towred but the fishful River of Thames with his ebbing and flowing hath long since subverted hem 3. The circuit of the wall on the Lands side Stow tells us that the circuit of the wall of London on the Lands side to wit from the Tower of London in the East unto Aldgate is 82. perches from Aldgate to Bishopsgate 86. perches from Bishopsgate to the postern of Criplegate 162. perches from Criplegate to Aldersgate 75. perches from Aldersgate to Newgate 66. perches from Newgate to Ludgate 42. perches in all 573. perches of Assize From Ludgate to the Fleet-Dike west about 60. perches from Fleete-Bridge South to the River Thames about 70. perches and so the total of these perches amounteth to 643. every perch consisting of 5. yards and a halfe which do yield 3536. yardes and a half containing 10608. foot which make up two English miles and more by 608. foot SECT VII Of the River of Thames TOuching the River of Thames accept the writings of Cambden ' Stow and of one that wrote in defence of this famous City Cambden sayes that in regard of both Elements most blessed and happy is London as being scituate in a rich and fertile soyl abounding with plentiful store of all things and on the gentle ascent and rising of an hill hard by the Thames side the most mild merchant as one would say of all things that the world doth yield which swelling at certain set houres with the Ocean Tides by his safe and deep Channel able to entertain the greatest ships that be daily bringeth in so great Riches from all parts that it striveth at this day with the Mart-Towns of Christendome for the second prize and affordeth a most sure and beautiful road for shipping Stow sayes thus of Thames Thames the most famous River of this Island beginneth a little above a village called Winchcombe in Oxford Shire and still increasing passeth first by the University of Oxford and so with a marvellous quiet course to London and thence breaketh into the French Ocean by main Tides which twice in 24. hours space doth ebbe and flow more then 60. miles in Length to the great commodity of Travellers by which all kind of Merchandize be easily conveyed to London the principal store house and staple of all Commodities within this Realm so that omitting to speak of great Ships and other Vessels of Burthen there pertaineth to the Cities of London Westminster and the Borough of Southwarke above the number as is supposed of 2000. Wherries and other small boats whereby 3000. poor people at the least be set on work and maintained The Anonymous Authour hath these words this Realm hath only three principal Rivers whereon a Royal City may well be scituated Trent in the North Severne in the South-west and Thames in the South-east of the which Thames both for the streight course in length reacheth furthest into the belly of the Land and for the breadth and stillness of the water is most navigable up and down the stream by reason whereof London standing almost in the middle of that course is more commodiously served with provision of necessaries than any Town standing upon the other two Rivers can be and doth also more easily communicate to the rest of the Realm the commodities of her own entercourse and Traffique Thus much for the honour of the River of Thames SECT VIII Of London Bridge LOndon Bridge was first made of Timber and maintained partly by the proper Lands thereof partly by the liberality of divers persons and partly by Taxations in divers Shires for the space of 215. years before the Bridge of stone was builded which Bridge of stone was 33. years in building A work very rare having with the Draw-Bridge 20. Arches made of squared stone of height 60. foot and in breadth 30. foot distant one from another 20. foot compact and joyned together with vaults and sellars upon
CAMERA REGIS Or A SHORT VIEW Of LONDON Containing the Antiquity Fame Walls Bridge River Gates Tower Cathedral Officers Courts Customs Franchises c. of that Renowned City Collected out of Law History and methodized for the Benefit of the present Inhabitants By JOHN BRYDALL Esq Imperium Regis Salus per quam Civitas Subsistit Imperium Regis Decus per quod Civitas Floret LONDON Printed for William Crooke at the Green Dragon without Temple Barre 1676. TO THE LOYAL LONDONERS SIRS THE subject of this smal Treatise may justly intitle its self to your Patronage for seeing some Circumstances relating to renowned London fill up the ensuing Sheets the Dedication thereby becomes no less an act of Justice then Civility Vnder whose protection indeed ought any thing respecting the Honor of this Metropolis see the Light but under yours But besides the Consideration of your interest the knowne Candor and Ingenuity the worth and Endowments of your now Lord Mayor of his immediate and others his Predecessors since his Majesties Restauration doe not only invite but command all ingenuous Addresses as must be confessed by every one who has had the least Taste of their generous and obliging Conversation And though what is here presented be of no Considerable worth yet your Acceptance thereof will inhaunce its value And so recommend it to the world as that it will be loath to censure what you have once deigned to approve not to be too troublesome My Aim in the Publication is the benefit of you the present Inhabitants And my Ambition in the Dedication is to give the world a Testimony that I am SIRS Your most Obliged Servant JOHN BRYDALL Whitehal 15. Nov. 1675. CAMERA REGIS OR A VIEW OF LONDON BEfore I come to present the Courteous Reader a view of the most renowned City of London it will not be much amiss to premise somewhat concerning the Description of the words Civitas Vrbs Oppidum c. The definition of a City and a Corporation the Commencement of Corporations the Causes why Cities were at first instituted and lastly the number of Cities within this Realm 1. Of the words Civitas Urbs and Oppidum THe same place sayes one is called Vrbs Civitas and Oppidum it is called Civitas in regard that it is governed in justice and order of Magistracy Oppidum for that there are therein great plenty of Inhabitants and Urbs because it is in due form begirt about with Walls Latches Reports Le Roy vers Mayor of Oxford The Walls sayes another do not make the City but the Men Maenia Edificia faciunt Urbem homines faciunt Civitatem Co. Littl. 109.8 Civitas and Urbs sayes a third Person in hoc differunt quod incolae dicuntur Civitas Urbs vero complectitur aedificia but with us the one is commonly taken for the other In the Civil Law we find it thus written D. 50.16 2. de verborum signif touching Vrbs and Roma Urbis appellatio muris Romae autem continentibus aedificiis finitur quòd latiùs patet D. 50.16.87 Ut Alfenus ait Vrbs est Roma quae muro cingeretur Roma est etiam qua continenti aed ficia essent Nam Romam non muro tenus existimari ex consuetudine cotidiana posse intelligi cum diceremus Romam nos ire etiam si extra urbem habitaremus 2. What a City what a Corporation is A City in Latine Civitas Co Littl. ◠109. B. and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Borough incorporate which hath or have had a Bishop and though the Bishopwrick be dissolved yet the City remainerh And therefore in 35. Eliz. c. 6. Westminster is called a City notwithstanding that now it hath no Bishop and in 27. ejusdem Cap. 5. of Statutes not in print Westminster is alternatively called a City or Borough It appeareth by the Statute of 35. H. 8. c. 10 That then there was a Bishop of Westminster Grotius thus defineth a City Lib. 1. c. 1. nu 14. de jure bell◠ac pac Civitas est coetus perfectus liberorum hominum jurisfruendi communis utilitatis Causa sociatus hence Civitas is quasi Civium unitas It is said before that a City is a Borough or Town incorporate now a Corporation is a permanent thing that may have succession And it is an Assembly and joyning together of many into one Fellowship Brotherhood or mind whereof one is Head and Chief the rest are the Body and this Head and Body knit together make the Corporation 3. How a Corporation doth commence A Corporation or Body incorporated Co. Lit. 250. a may commence and be established three manner of wayes viz. by Prescription by Letters Patents or by Act of Parliament and let the Body incorporate commence which way it will it must be first derived from the Royal Authority and License of the Kings of England For without it Corporations be they Spiritual or Temporal are meer chymaera's fictitious and illegal Societies erected contrary to the Laws and Constitutions of the Kingdom In proof of this matter Co. lib. 10.33 b. 49. E. 3.4 vide 9. H. 6.16 b. Co. Lib. 4. Adams and Lamberts Case fol. 107. b. Co. 3. Inst 202.49 Ass pl. 8. le Case de Whittawers Co. lib. 8. f. 125. the Case of London With our Law doth concur the Laws Imperial D. 3.4.1 Collegia Romae certa sunt quorum corpus Senatusconsultis atque constitutionibus principalibus confirmatum est veluti pistorum quorundam aliorum naviculariorum qui in provinciis sunt Collegia siqua fuerint illicita mandatis constitutionibus D. 47.22.3 Senatusconsultis dissolvuntur In summa nisi ex Senatusconsulti auctoritate vel Caesaris Collegium vel quodcunque tale corpus coierit contra Senatusconsultum mandata constitutiones Collegium celebrant Note London our famous City is a Corporation by prescription Co. 2. Inst f. 330. 4. How Corporations are divided in our Law EVery Body politick or Corporation is either Ecclesiastick or Lay Ecclesiastical either regular as Abbots Co. Lit. f. 250. a. Priors c. or secular as Bishops Deans Archdeacons Parsons Vicars c. Lay as Mayor and Commonalty Bayliffs and Burgesses c. Also every Body politick Co. lib. 3. f. 73. in the Case of the Dean and Chapter of Norwich or Corporate is either elective representative collative or donative And again it is either sole or agregate of many This Body Politick or Corporate aggregate of many is by the Civilians called Collegium Vniversitas Collegium sodalitium and Municipium 5. Why Cities were at first instituted IN the time of William the Conquerour it is declared in these words Item nullum mercatum vel forum sit nec fieri permitratur nisi in Civitatibus regni nostri in Burgis clausis muro vallatis Castellis locis tutissimis ubi consuetudines regni nostri jus nostram commune
l. 3. s c 6. Touching the Lord Mayor of London I shall present to the Reader these particularities worthy of his observation sc 1. That the Citizens or Burgesses of London were before and after the conquest governed by Port-graves or Port-greves until the Reign of Rich. I. by whose Charter they were governed by two Bailiffs Co. 4. Instit 253. and yet King R. in the first year of his Reign appointed them a Mayor who continued therein until the eighth year of King John and then King John appointed them a Mayor And forasmuch as sometimes the Mayor appointed by the King was no Citizen of London King John in the tenth year of his Reign granted to the Citizens Liberty And Authority to choose de seipsis a Mayor c. And so it continueth unto this day Thus far Sir Edward Coke and to the same effect are the words of Mr. Stow in his survey of London King William the Conqueror sayes he found a Port-Reve at London whose name was Godfrey and his office was no other then the charge of a Bailiff or Reve as by the self same continuing yet at Gravesend and certain other places may well appear But the Normans using their owne Language called him sometimes a Provost and sometimes a Bailiff whatsoever his name and Office were he was Perpetuus Magistratus given by the Prince and chosen by the Citizens as it seemeth for what time King Ric. I. needed money towards his expedition in the Holy Land they first purchased of him the liberty to choose yearly from amongst themselves two Bailiffs and King John his successor at the like suit changed their Bailiffs into a Mayor and two Sheriffs Co. 3. Inst 73 2. That the Lord Mayor ought to be principal in all Commissions of felony c. Perpetrated within the City of London by the charter of the City Co. 4. Inst 250. 3. That in all Commissions touching the water of Ley the Lord Mayor of London is alwaies one 4. H. 7. C. 15. 4. That the Lord Mayor of London for the time being hath the conservation and rule of the water and River of Thames 49. E. 3.16 a. Cro. 2. part f. 531. 5. That his Lord-ship is perpetual Coroner and also Escheator within the City of London Bulstrods Rep. 3. part f. 21. 6. That the Lord Mayor of London is chief Butler to the King at his Coronation And in 1. H. 4. this was so allowed unto him when Fitz-Allen was Lord Steward who then allowed this unto him 21. E. 4.14 7. That if the Commonalty of the City do choose a Mayor at the Feast of St Michael in the absence of the ancient Mayor t is a voyd Election Stow. 8. That there be certain Officers appertaining to the Lord Mayors house and they are these following The Sword Bearer the Common Hunt the Common Cryer the Water-Bayliff Esquires four Sergeants Carvers 3. Sergeants of the Chamber 3. Sergeant of the Channel Yomen of the Waterside 4. under-Bayliffs Yeomen of the Chamber two Meale-Weighers 3. Yeomen of the Wood-Wharfs two Gentlemens men 7. The Sword-Bearers Man Common Hunts men 2. Common Cryers man Water-Bayliffs men 2. The Carvers man Whereof nine of these have Liveries of the Lord Mayor viz. The Sword-Bearer and his Man the three Carvers and the four Yeomen of the Water-side All the rest have their Liveries from the Chamber of London 9. That there are dayes of Mendance the Fellow-ships do give to the Lord Mayor at his going to Pauls and they are in number 7. viz. 1. Alhallowen day Stow. 2. Christmass day 3. St Stevens day 4. St Johns day 5. New years day 6. Twelf day 7. Candlemas day To conclude as touching this grand officer Stow in his Annalls reporteth that Henry Picard vintner Mayor of London in one day did sumptuously Feast Edw. III. King of England John King of France the King of Cyprus David King of Scots and Edward Prince of Wales 2. The Aldermen IN relation to Aldermen three things are worthy of notice sc 1. The Etymology of the words Alderman and Senator An Alderman is among the Romans Laticlavius Senator and Optimas An Alderman from the Saxon word Ealderman i. e. Senex quod Senes solummodo illum dignitatis gradum accipiant Hence among the Latins he is called Senator Gothofredus tells us that Senatores dicti non sunt ab assentiendo as Hugolinus and Bartolus suppose but à senili aetate or à virtute for heretofore Senes apud Romanos Viri optimi appellati sunt Olim apud Britones sayes one temporibus Romanorum in regno isto Britanniae vocabantur Senatores qui postea temporibus Saxonum vocabantur Aldermanas non propter aetatem sed propter sapientiam dignitatem cùm quidam adolescentes essent Jurisperiti tamen super hoc experti 2. Their election The Aldermen of London were changed by election every year until 28. E. 3. Then it was ordered that they should not be removed without some special cause Co. 4. Inst 253. But Rot. Parl. 17. R. 2. nu 25. it is enacted that the Aldermen of London shall not from thenceforth be yearly chosen but remain till they be put out for reasonable cause notwithstanding the Ordinances of Ed. II. Ric. III. And so it still continueth Yearly on the Feast of St Michael the Arch-Angel on of these Aldermen is elected to be Mayor Stow. for the year following to be begun on the 28. of October the other Aldermen his brethren are to him assistents in Counsels Courts c. With what has been said agrees the Description given by another Author that I have read Aldermannus Civitatis Londinensis saies he est unus ex Senatu Civitatis cui Regimen Civitatis praecipuè incumbit ex quorum numero praefectus annuus eligitur 3. The priviledge of these Aldermen in respect of offices in the Countrey which will appear by this following case John Abdy Alderman of London having a House at .... in the County of Essex where it was pretended that Constables should be elected out of the Inhabitants in every house by presentment every year in Leet of Sir William Hickes Lord of the said Manor and Leet the said Alderman Abdy by the name of John Abdy Esquire was nominated in a Leet such a day Cro. 3. part Alderman of London's case to be Constable for the year following and because he refused the Steward of the Court imposed a fine upon him and denyed him any priviledge to be freed by reason of his being Alderman of London whereupon this being suggested It was moved to have a writ out of the Kings Bench directed to the Lord of the said Manor to his Steward to discharge him because he being an Alderman of London ought to be there resident the greatest part of the year and if absent is fineable and all the Court of the Kings Bench held that he ought to be discharged by his priviledg
and although it was said he might execute it by Deputy and his personal Attendance is not requisite by the custome of the sad Mannor yet non allocatur whereupon the said priviledg was awarded 3. The Recorder A Recorder is he whom the Mayor or other Magistrate of any City or Town Corporate having jurisdiction or a Court of Record within their precincts by the Kings grant doth associate unto him for this better direction in matters of Justice and proceedings according to Law Thus much in general of the Recorder-ship of any City or Town but more particularly we say That the Recorder of London is the person whom the Lord Mayor and Aldermen do associate unto them for their better direction in matters of Justice and proceedings according to Law and therefore he ought to be a grave and Learned Lawyer well seen in the Common Law and skillful in the Customs of the City and such a one indeed is that honourable and very grave person Sir John Howell a member of the Royal Society of Lincolns Inne who at this very time is Recorder of this most glorious City The Recorder of London takes place in Councils Stow. and in Courts before any man that hath not been Lord Mayor and learnedly delivers the Sentences of the whole Court By the Stat. of 23. H. 8. c. 6. the Mayors of the Staple at Westminster and the Recorder of the City of London joyntly together have full authority to take Recognizances for the payment of debts in the absence of the Chief Justices out of Term. 32. E. 1. Geoffry Hertilepole Alderman was elected to be Recorder of London and took his Oath and was appointed to wear his apparel as an Alderman 4. The Sheriffs BEfore I speak in particular of the Sheriffs of London I shall present to the Reader several Queries with resolutions given unto them out of our books of Law touching Sheriffs in general For the better Information of all such Officers through the whole Kingdom Quaere 1. Whence the word Sheriffs is derived Resp Sheriff is a word compounded of two Saxon words viz. Shire and Reve Shire Satrapia or Comitatus cometh out of the Saxon verb Shiram i. e. partivi for that the whole Realm is parted and divided into Shires Co. Litt. 168. a. And Reve is praefectus or praepositus so as Shireve is the Rive of the Shire Praefectus Satrapiae Provinciae or Comitatus And he is called Praefectus because he is the chief officer to the King within the Shire for the words of his patent be Commissimus vobis custodiam Comitatus nostri c. Quere 2. How a Sheriff was Quere 2. and is to be elected Resp It is to be known that the office of a Coroner ever was and yet is eligible in full County by the Freeholders by the Kings writ de Coronatore eligendo and the reason thereof was for that both the King and the County had a great interest Co. 2. Inst fol. 174. 175. 558. 559. and benefit in the due execution of his office and therefore the Common Law gave the Freeholders of the County to be electers of him And for the same reason of ancient time the Sheriff called Vice-Comes who had Custodiam Comitatus was also eligible for first the Earl himself of the County had the office of the Sheriff of the County and when he gave it over the Vice-Comes as the word signifieth came instead of the Earl and was eligible by the Freeholders of the County but this way by election is altered by divers Acts of Parliament 14. E. 3 c. 7.23 H. 6. c. 8.12 R. 2 c. 3. viz the Act. of 9. E. 2. Lincolne de Vice-Comitibus 14. E. 3.12 R. 2. 23. H. 6. vide the Statuts themselves Quaere 3. Whether the Day of the Billing of Sheriffs may be deferred from the usual day Resp Upon the sixth of November the Term of Michael 16. Car. Regis the Lord Keeper of the great Seal the Lord Treasurer the Lord privy Seal Earl of Arundel Earl Marshall the Earl of Pembrok Lord Chamberlin Cro. 3. part Terme Mich. 16. Car. Regis in Banco Regis the Lord Cotington Chancellor of the Exchequer were assembled in the Exchequer Chamber to nominate three persons of every County throughout England to be presented unto the King that he might prick one of them to be Sheriff of every County which is usually done according to the Statute upon the 3. of Nov being Crastino animarum But because it was the first day of Parliament and the Lords were to attend the King It was resolved by the advise and resolution of the Major part of the Justices with whom Conference was had in this cause that it might be well put off to another day And the Lord Keeper notwithstanding the Statute deferred it until this day Quaere 4. In what the office of the Sheriff doth consist Resp It belongeth to the Sheriff to serve the Kings writs of process be they summons or Attachments to compell men to answer to the Law and all writs of execution of the Law according to judgments of superior Courts for taking mens goods Lands or bodies as the cause requireth and by the Order of the Common Law and Statutes of the Realm he may for the better execution of his Majesties writs and process of Law after resistance take posse Comitutus He is to return indifferent Juries for the Tryal of mens Lives Liberties Lands and Goods He ought to see that the publique Peace be kept which is the Life of the Commonwealth and therefore he is said to be Principalis Conservator Pacis within the County It is his duty to gather the publique monies and profits of the Prince in his County to collect and bring into the Exchequer all fines imposed even by distreining He is to see condemned persons executed To conclude he is to determine and examine certain smaller pleas Civil and Criminal the former are decided in the County Court the latter in his Court called the Town Quaere 5. If one be in the Sheriffs Custody by process of Law and then another writ is delivered to apprehend the body of the party that is already in Custody whether he be in Custody by vertue of the second writ without an Actual Arrest Resp It was adjudged Co. Lib. 5. Frosts case f. 89. that when a man is in Custody of the Sheriff by process of the Law and afterward another writ is delivered unto him to apprehend the body of him who is already in Custody Immediatly he is in Custody by force of the second writ by judgment of Law although he make no actual Arrest of him for to what purpose should the Sheriff arrest the party that is already in Custody and Lex non praecipit inutilia quia inutilis Labor est stultus Quaere 6. Whether a Sheriff Bailiff c. may arrest one without shewing the warrant Resp It was adjudged Co. Lib. 9. Mackaleyes
of 3 H. 7. c. 1. he has given him a Fee of thirteen and four pence upon the view of the Body of the goods of the murderer c. 1. H. 8. C. 7. But if the Coroner sit upon the view of any slain by misadventure he shall have nothing 7. His Jurisdiction and Authority As the Sheriff in his Tourn may inquire of all Felonies by the Common Law saving the death of Man so the Coroner can enquire of no Felony but of the death of Man and that super visum Corporis He hath authority solely to take an Indictment super visum corporis Co. 2. Inst f. 32. Co. 4. Inst f. 271. and to take an Appeal and to enter the Appeal and the County But he can proceed no further either upon the Indictment or Appeal but to deliver them over to the Justices He hath power to bind over Witnesses to the next Goal delivery in that County whereof he is a Coroner Besides his judicial Place he hath also Authority ministerial as a Sheriff hath viz when there is just exception taken to the Sheriff Co. 4. Inst f. 271. judicial process shall be awarded to the Coroners for the Execution of the Kings Writs in which Case he is Locum tenens Vice-comitis and in the same special Case the Kings Original Writ shall immediately be directed unto him But the Quaere may be if one person be Coroner both of the Kings House and County whether an Indictment taken before him alone may be good and valid in our Law It s answered that an Inquisition taken before B. Coroner of the Palace Royal Co. 3. Inst 134 and of one of the Coroners of Middlesex is well taken and within the Statute of Articuli super Chartas c. 3. Co lib 4 Wrote and wigges Case Though the Statute requires two persons for the intent of the Act is performed and the mischief recited avoided for though the Court removes yet he may proceed as Coroner of the County And the Rule of Law is Quando duo Jura concurrunt in una persona aequum est ac si essent in diversis Thus much of the Coroner as to his Antiquity Election Dignity Fees and Jurisdiction 9. Of the Deputy Escheator THe Lord Mayor as he is Coroner so likewise is he Escheator within the famous City of London and appoints one alwayes as a Deputy Escheator who is to act within the verge of this City as Escheators do in the several Counties of England These Escheators are to look to all Escheates and other Casualties belonging to the Crown and certifieâ— them into the Exchequer Note In ancient time there were but two Escheators in England the one on this side of Trent and the other beyond Trent at which time they had Sub-Escheators But in the Reign of King Edward 2. the Offices were divided and several Escheators made in every County for life c. and so continued till the Reign of Edward 3. And afterwards by the Statute of 14. E. 3. it is enacted that there should be as many Escheators assigned as when King Edward 3. came to the Crown Vide 14 E 3. c. 8.1 H. 8 c. 8.3 H. 8 c. 2. and that was one in every County and that no Escheator shall tarry in his Office above a year And by another Statute to be in Office but once in three years the Lord Treasurer nameth him 10. Of the Constables within this Renowned City COnstable or Cunstable is compounded of two Saxon words C 4. Inst f 123. Cunning per contractionem King and Stable i. e. Columen quasi columen Regis anciently written Cuningstable This Office is ancient here in England and mentioned by Bracton seeming to answer him that was called amongst the Romans Tribunus celerum and afterward Magister Equitum This word Constable is diversly used in our Common Law And first The Constable of England who is also called Marshal of whose Authority and Dignity a man may find many arguments and signs as well in the Statutes as in the Chronicles of this Realm his sway consisteth in the care of the common Peace of the Land in deeds of Arms and matters of war Out of this Magistracy were drawn these lower Constables which we call Constables of Hundreds and Liberties and first ordained by the Statute of Winton 13. Ed. 1. which appoints for the conservation of the Peace and view of Armour two Constables in every Hundred and Liberty and these be at this time called High Constables because the increase of People and Offences hath again undet those made others in every Town called Petty Constables who are of the like nature but of inferior Authority to the other Besides these there are Officers of particular places called by this name as Constable of the Tower Constable of the Exchecquer Constable of Dover Castle Constable of Windsor and the now Constable of the famous Castle of Windsor is his Highness Prince Rupert Duke of Cumberland a Person most renowned not onely for his brave conduct and fortitude in martial affairs both by Sea and Land but also for his great zeal and Love shewn abundantly in defence of the Protestant Religion For the derivation and divers acceptation of the word Constable I proceed to shew what Authority pety Constables have in Cities Towns and Villages according to our Law If any be threatened 4. E. 3. Bar. 102. upon complaint to the Constable he may enforce the Party to put in a Surety and if he do not commit him to Prison till he hath found a Surety A Constable may arrest one which makes an Assault 21 H 4.21.5 H. 7.6 though it be of himself A Constable can take an Obligation to keep the Peace Kitchin but he cannot take a Recognizance 12 E 4.35 The Constable may arrest one that makes an affray and carry him to the next Jail till he find surety of the Peace but not imprison him in his house or put him in the Stocks unless it be in the night that he cannot carry him to the Jayl for any other reasonable cause The Constable may search for suspicious persons and may arrest night walkers 2 E. 4.9 The Constable may search suspicious Bawdy Houses where women of ill same are and may arrest suspected persons 3 H 7.10.13 H. 7.10 which walk in the night and sleep in the day or keep suspicious Company and if he be not of power he may have aid of his neighbours by the Law 38. H. 8. Tit. False Judgement 6. It is said That a Constable cannot arrest for a Fray after it is done without a warrant but before it be done or whilst it is doing he may 3 H. 7.1 A Constable may take the power of the County where there is a Fray and especially to take Felons If a man be strucken and in peril of death the Constable ought to arrest the Offender and to keep him in Prison till it be known
Kitchin if he will live or die or till he have found sureties to appear before the Justices at the Goal delivery If the Constable do not part Affrayors for the preservation of the Kings peace and apprehend them being within his view or do not his utmost endeavour to part and apprehend them he may be fined and imprisoned for his neglect thereof for he may command others to assist him and therefore the Rule in him Idem est facere nolle prohibere cum possis qui non prohibet cum prohibere possit in Culpa est And if any be commanded to assist him therein and refuse or neglect the same it is a contempt in them to be punished by fine and imprisonment I shall conclude this Learning touching our Constables with these Queries 1. Quaere Whether a Constable may bring an Offender to what Justice he pleaseth Resp It is adjudged that the Constable having a Warant to bring one Coram aliquo Justitiar c. it is at the Election of the Officer to bring the Party so attached Co. lib. 5. f 53. Fosters Case to what Justice he will for it is greater Reason to give the election to the Officer who in presumption of Law is a person indifferent and sworn to execute his Office duely then to the Delinquent and upon the refusal to find surety the Constable may commit the Delinquent without a new Warrant 2. Quaere whether the Constable of a Town be bound to make Huy and Cry Resp Huy and Cry is when any Felony is committed or any Person grievously and dangerously wounded or any person assaulted and offered to be robbed Co. 3. Inst 116. either in the day or night the Party grieved or any other may resort to the Constable of the Town and acquaint him with the causes describing the party and telling which way the Offender is gone and require him to raise Huy and Cry and the Duty of the Constable is to raise the power of the Town as well in the night as in the day for the prosecution of the Offender and if he be not found there to give the next Constable warning and he the next until the Offender be found 3. Quaere What is the punishment of them that shall not levy or pursue an Huy and Cry Resp They Co. 3. Inst 117. which levy not Huy and Cry or pursue not upon Huy and Cry shall be punished by Fine and Imprisonment Note it is an Article of the Leet Stat. de 1â— E. 2 to enquire of Huy and Cryes levied and not pursued The City of London has been taken into the Kings hands for not levying a Huy and Cry as appears by this Record Scil. Mandatum est Gulielmo de Haverhull Thesaurario Regis Co. 3 Inst f. 118. quod Civitatem London capiat in manum Regis eo quod Cives ejusdem Civitatis non levaverunt Hutesiam Clamorem pro morte Magistri Guidonis de Arretio aliorum interfectorum secundum Legem Consuetudinem Regni Teste Rege apud Wendestock 22 die Augusâ—i 4. Quaere Whether an Arrest be lawful where the cause of the Huy and Cry be feigned Resp Where Huy and Cry is levied upon any person the arrest of such person is lawful Co. 3 Inst 118. although the cause of the Huy and Cry be feigned and if the Case be feigned he that levy the same shall also be arrested and shall be fined and imprisoned But common fame and voice is not sufficient to arrest a man in Case of Felony unless a Felony be done indeed vide 5. H. 7.5 a. 21. H. 7.28 a. Cro. 2. part Cox vers Wirral Bridgemans Reports Weal ver Wills Hobarts Reports Cuddington ver Wilkings Searls ver Stiles Poland ver Mason Hitherto of the Governours and Officers appertaining to the most glorious City of London SECT XV. Of the several Courts within the City of London THe principal Courts that appertain to this City are four viz. The Court of the Hustings the Court of the Sheriffes the Court of Equity and the Court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen Of these in their order 1. Of the Court of the Hustings TOuching this Court are worthy of notice these particularities scil The Etymology of the word Hustings its Antiquity its preheminence and its Jurisdiction It is called Hustingum or Hustings of two Saxon words viz. Hus 1. The Etymology i. e. Domus and Things i. e. Placitum so as Hustingum is as much as to say Co 2. Inst 312. Co. 4. Inst f. 47 as the Bench or Court of Pleas Domus placitorum or Forum Contentiosum where Causes are pleaded Other Cities and Towns also have had a Court of the same name as Winchester Lincoln York and Sheppey and others Fleta lib. 2. c. 55. where the Barons and Citizens have a Record of such things as are determinable before them For the Antiquity of this Court of Hustings amongst the Lawes of Saint Edward you may read these words 2 The Antiquity of this City scil Debet enim in London quae caput est Regni Legum semper Curiae Domini Regis singulis septimanis die Lunae Hustingis sedere teneri c. 3. It s preheminence The Court of Hustings is the highest Court and of greatest Celebrity within the City of London and it s holden before the Lord Mayor and Sheriffes Co. 2. Inst 322. Co. 4. Inst f 247. 4 Its Jurisdiction As touching the Jurisdiction Power and Authority of this Court are worthy of our Observation these Particulars Scil. 16 H. 7.12.11 H. 7.10 a 6 H. 7.15 1. That there be two Hustings in London one is de communibus placitis The other is de placito Terrae And therefore upon return of Writs to mention a Recovery at the Court of Hustings in London where there are two kinds and it is not said at which of the Hustings it is not good 2. The manner of proceedings upon a Foreign Voucher It is provided by a Statute made in 9 E. 1. That if one be impleaded in the City of London 6 E. 1. c. 12. do vouch a Forreigner to warranty the Mayor and Bayliffes shall adjourn the Parties before the Justices of the Common Bank at certain day and shall send their Record thither And the Justices shall cause the warrantor to be summoned before them and shall try the warranty And the Mayor and Bayliffs in the mean time shall surcease in the matter that dependeth before them by a writ until such time as the warranty by determined before the Justices of the Bench. And when the matter shall be determined Commandment shall be given to the Vouchee to depart into the City and to swer the first plea. And the Demandant at his suit shall have a writ from the Justices of the Bench unto the Mayor and Bayliffs that in case the Tenant have last his Land they shall cause it to be extended and
Charter the soyle and ground of the River of Thames granted to them by vertue of which grant the City at this day receive Rents of them that six posts or make wharses or other Buildings upon the soyle of the said River Davys Reports le case de Royal Pischary Priviledge 25. Lands c. in South-wark In the year 1550. King E. 6. granted to the Mayor and Commonalty all his Lands and Tenements in Southwark except and reserved the Capital Messuage two Mansions called Southwark place and all the gardens and Lands to the same appertaining the Park and Messuage called the Antelope He gave them the Lordship and Mannor of Southwark with all members Rights thereof late pertaining to the Monastery of Bermondsey All messuages places buildings Rents Courts waifs and strayes to the same pertaining in the County of Surry He granted to them in and through the Borough and Town of Southwark and in all the parishes of St Savior St Olave and St George and the Parish of St. Thomas Hospital and elsewhere in the said Town and Borough of Southwark and Kentish street Bermondsey street in the Parish of Newington all waifs and strays Treasure Trove all felons goods c. within the Parishes and precincts aforesaid c. The Return of writs processes and warrants c. Together with a Fair in the whole Town for three dayes with a Court of Pypowders a view of frankepledg with Attachents Arrests c. Also to arrest all felons other Malefactors within their precinct and send them to ward and to New-gate Stow. Priviledge 26. Bridewell In the year 1553. Ed. 6. gave unto the Lord Mayor Commonalty and Citizens his house of Brid-well and 700. marks Land late of the possessions of the house of the Savoy and all the Bedding and other furnitute of the said Hospital of the Savoy towards the maintenance of the said work-house of Brid-well and the Hospital of St. Thomas in Southwark Stow. Priviledge 27. King John gave the City of London Authority Sheriffs to chuse and deprive their Sheriffs at their pleasure Stow. Priviledge 28. The Citizens of London are by a Charter of King Ed. 3. excepted from paying of prisage Prisage Touching this Franchise or Liberty of Prisage I shall present to the Reader these resolutions shewing who shall be a reputed Citizen and who not as to the being exempted of paying Prisage A Question was in the Court of Exchequer 44. Eliz. If a Citizen of London that had not a family and did not pay Scot and Lot but sojourne in another house shall have the benefit of the Kings Charter In the argument of the case Coke then Atturney General put this difference of Citizens viz. That there was A Citizen Nomine Re. Re nomine It was said that a Citizen Re nomine He that is a Freeman of London and an Inhabitant and one that paid Scot and Lot there shall be discharged of prisage by the said Charter c. Davys Reports le Case de Customs f. 10. b. He that is to have benefit and advantage of this Charter ought to be integre Civis and an intire Citizen as it was adjudged in 4. H. 6. in one Knowls case a Citizen and Free-Grocer of London removed his house-hold cum pannis and did dwell at Bristol but yet kept his shop at London and he having a ship laden with wines which was unladen in the port of London would have had the benefit of this Charter of discharge of prisage But it was ruled against him for that he was not such a Citizen as was capable of this discharge for that he ought to be Civis Incola Commorans 4. H. 6. Knowls Case 14. H. 6. c. A private Act of Parliament Complaint was made that the Lord Mayor would make strangers Citizens it was there declared that this benefit to be discharged from payment of prisage did not extend unto such Citizens as were Dotati made free but unto those Citizens only which are Commorant Incolant and Resiant within the City A person disfranchised before the arrival of his ship shall lose the benefit of prisage he was intitled to at the lading and a person made free after the lading shall have the benefit of discharge Bulstrodes Reports 3. part The King and Sir Thomas Waller vers Francis Hanger A Woman cannot be capable of this Immunity though a Citizen to what end say I She cannot bear Civilia or publicae onera of the City she cannot doe any thing for the benefit of the City she cannot perform Watch and Ward she can bear no office in the City neither can she be of any of the Companies she cannot be an Attorney she may be a Free-Woman but this is only to have her will as many so have but to no other purpose Thus much of the Franchises granted to the Londoners by Charters Royal and such as are allowed to be good agreable to the Laws of England I shall now put a Case or two of such singularities or Priviledges as have been adjudged to be contrary to the freedom of the subject and consequentially the Kings grants are deemed void in Law King H. 6. granted to the Corporation of Dyers within London power to search c. and if they found any Cloth died with Logge wood that the Cloth should be forfeit and it was adjudged this Charter concerning the forfeiture was against the Law of the Land For no forfeiture can grow by Letters Patent Co. lib. 8. Trin. 41. Eliz. f. 125. le Case de Londres So the Company of Merchant Taylots of England having power by their Charter to make Ordinances made an Ordinance Co. 2. Inst 47. Tr. 41. Eliz. coram Rege â—ot 92. in Tr. inter Davent Hurdes that every Brother of the same Society should put the one half of his Clothes to be dressed by some Cloth-worker free of the same Company upon pain to forfeit 10 s. c. and it was adjudged that this Ordinance was against Law because it was against the Liberty of the Subject for every subject hath freedom to put his Clothes to be dressed by whom he will sic de similibus And so it is if such or the like grant had been made by his Letters Patents So if a grant should be made to a Londoner to have the sole making of Cards Trin. 44. Eliz. Coram Rege Co. lib. 11 fol. 84. 85 c. Edward Darries Case or the sole dealing with any other Trade that grant is against the Liberty and freedom of the Subject that before did or lawfully might have used that trade and consequently is against the Great Charter of England Hitherto of franchises granted by the Charters of the Kings of England we proceed to those that have been given to the Citizens of London by our Kings in their several Parliaments 2. Of the Franchises Liberties or Singularities which the Londoners have obtained from the favor of our
Kings in the high Court of Parliament Singularity 1. King Athelstan in his Laws or Constitutions appointing Mint-Masters how many Mint-Masters should be in each City alloweth 8. to London and not so many to any other City Singularity 2. King H. 1. in his Laws Amerciament commandeth that no Citizen of London shall be amerced above 100 s. for any pecuniary pain Singularity 3. It is granted to the Citizens of London Gavelet that the Lords of Rents in London may recover them by a writ of Gavelet 10. E. 2. Singularity 4. The Kng granted that the Citizens of London should not be constrained to go out of the City to any War Warr. and that the Liberties of this City should not for any cause whatsoever be taken into the Kings hands Rot. Parl. 1. E. 3. Authoritate Parliamenti Singularity 5. Erroneous Judgment It is enacted that the Statute of 28. E. 3. c. 10. shall not extend to any erroneous judgment given or to be given in the City of London Parl. 7. R. 2. nu 26. Singularity 6. Aldermen The Aldermen of London shall not be hereafter elected yearly but remain until they be put out for reasonable cause 17. R. 2. c. 11. Singularity 7. Mault The Lord Mayor and Aldermen may reform the defaults of Victuallers Victuallers 7. R. 2. c. 11. vide 31. E. 3. c. 10. Singularity 8. Mault sold to London shall be cleansed from Dust 17. R. 2. c. 3. Mault Singularity 9. It is Enacted in the Reign of R. 2. That the Mayor Guardian-ship of Orphans and Chamberlain of London shall have the keeping of all the Lands and goods of such Orphans as happen within the City Singularity 10. The Mayor of London shall redress such Errors Defaults Redressing of Errours and Misprisons notoriously used in the same City 1. H. 4. c. 15. Singularity 11. The Stat. of Ed. 4. c. 2. doth not extend to the Sheriffs of London Sheriffs of London as touching Indictments and Presentments Singularity 12. Citizens and Freemen of London may carry their wares to any Fairs Wares or Markets throughout England 3. H. 7. c. 9. Singularity 13. Butchers shall kill no beasts in London Butchers 11. H. 7. c. 21. Singularity 14. By the Stat. of 9. H. 7. c. 8. no scavage Scavage or Shewage or shewage shall be paid in any place but it shall be taken by the Mayor and Sheriffs of London Singularity 15. The Mayor of London and his Successors have like Authority in all issues Breaches Sewars ground over flown as far as the water ebbeth and floweth grown out of the River of Thames as touching the punishment for using unlawful nets and engines as his Lordship hath within this said River 4. H. 7. c. 15. Singularity 16. For all issues forfeited by Jurors in the Mayors Court Issue forfeited it is lawful for his Lord-ship and his Successors to distrein and the same distress detain until he or they be satisfied of the said issues 4. H. 8. c. 3. Singularity 17. All Strangers within two miles of London shall be under the Reformation of the Wardens of Handy Crafts within the City of London Warden of Handy-Crafts 15. and 16. H. 8. c. 2. Singularity 18. Wardens of Cowpers shall search Wardens of Cowpers c. and gage all manner of Barrells c. For Ale Soap to be put to sale within 2. miles compass without the Suburbs of the City of London 23. H. 8. c. 4. Singularity 19. A Londoner returned upon a Jury to the Courts at Westminster having goods to the value of 40. marks shall be sworn Jurors and do in all such Juries in every thing as other persons may do having Lands or Tenements of the yearly value of forty shillings 4. H. 8. c 3. 5. H. 8. c. 5. Singularity 20. By the Stat. of 4. H. 8. c. 14. It is Enacted that the Mayor of the City of London may search oyle Oyles in the City of London and punish all such as sell false oyle Singularity 21. The Lord Mayor of London may set fines upon those Paving which do not pave or repair any street or Land 32. H. 8. c. 17. Singularity 22. Woods growing within the compass of 22. miles from and about London Woods or the Suburbs of the same shall not be felled to be converted to Coals for making of Iron works 23. Eliz. c. 5. Singularity 23. The Mayor in the Reign of Edward 3. procured an Act of Parliament Whores Vide Daniels History f. 243. that no known Whore should wear any hood or attire on her head except reyed and striped Cloth of divers Colours If this Law should now be put in force I am affraid there would be very few black hoods worne Note the Athenian Law was Floridas Meretrices vestres indutae sunto Singularity 24. By the Stat. of 1. Jac. c. 19. Garbler of London the ancient officer of London called the Garbler of Spices hath authority at all and every time and times in the day time to enter into shops ware-houses or Cellar to view and search Drugges and Spices c. and to garble and make them clean Singularity 25. All wares from hence forth shall be utterly Wares put down by Thames and Medway 9. E. 3. c. 22. Singularity 26. Damages King E. 1. Of his grace granted unto the Citizens of London that whereas before times they that were disseized of freehold in the same City could not recover their damages before the coming of the Justices to the Tower that from hence forth the Disseizees shall have damages by Recognizance of the same Assize whereby they recovered their Lands 6. E. 1. c. 14. Singularity 27. Salmons By the Stat. of 20. R. 2. c. 9. it is enacted that the Mayor or Warden of London shall have the Conservation of the Stat. touching Salmons viz. 13. E. 1. c. 47.13 R. 2. c. 19. in the waters of Thames from the Bridge of Stane to London and from thence over the same water and in the water of Medway Singularity 28. In 12. R. 2. c. 13. There is a punishment ordained for him Corruption which shall cast corruption into any place near the City of London Singularity 29. In the 13. 14. year of the Reign of the King our most Gracious and Serene Soveraign that now is Higwayes and streets there was an Act made for Repairing of High wayes and for paving and keeping clean streets c. in and about the City of London and by that Act it is ordained that the Lord Mayor Recorder and Aldermen shall be joynt Commissioners in exercising all the powers of this said Act within the City and Liberties thereof Singularity 30. Curriers In the Stat. of 14. of this Kings Reign which was enacted for the restraining the exportation of Leather and Raw Hides out of the Realm it is ordered
dignitates Coronae nostrae quae constitutae sunt à bonis praedecessoribus deperire non possunt nec defraudari nec violari sed omnia rite per judicium justitiam fieri debent ideo Castella Burgi Civitates sunt fundatae aedificatae Sc. ad Tuitionem gentium populorum regni ad defensionem regni idcirco observari debent cum omni libertate integritate ratione Out of this same Record we may pellucidly and clearly collect that Cities Towns or Boroughs were instituted for three purposes Sc. First Ad consuetudines regni nostri jus nostrum commune dignitates coronae conservand Secondly Ad Tuitionem gentium populorum regni and Thirdly Ad Defensionem Regni This in three particularities 1. For conservation of Lawes whereby every man enjoyeth his own in peace 2. For Tuition and defence of the Kings Subjects and for keeping the Kings peace in time of sudden uproars 3. For defence of the Realm against outward and inward Hostility Thus much out of our own Records I now come to speak somewhat of this matter that I have seen in foreign Authors Tully sayes thus Hanc ob Causam maximè ut sua tenerentur Respublica Civitates constitutae sunt nam etsi Lib. 2. de Offic. duce natura congregabantur homines tamen spe Custodiae rerum suarum urbium praesidia quaerebantur Aristotle thus 1 Pol. 2. Civitas a natura profecta est homo animal aptum est ad coetus proinde Civitatis Origo ad vivendum institutio ad bene vivendum refertur In Pol. Arist lib. 3. Donatus Acciaiolus speaks in this manner Civitas constituitur aut propter possessiones aut ut simul vivatur ut aut contrahat Societatem belli causa ut propter commercia aut propter saelicitatem bonam vivendi rationem By these authorities foreign and domestick it appears that Cities and Towns were at the first invented to the end that men might lead a civil Life amongst themselves and be saved harmless against their Enemies 6. and lastly The number of Cities in this our Kingdome CAssaurus writeth that France hath within the Territories thereof 104. Cities and he giveth this reason of that his saying because that there are so many Sees of Arch-bishops and Bishops Co. Lit. f. 109.6 So say we that there be within England two Archbishopwricks and 23 other Bishopwricks therefore so many Cities there be and Westminster and my Lord Cokes Alma Mater being added there are in all within England 27 Cities Thus much for Cities and Towns in general I now purpose to speak more particularly concerning the renowned City of London in relation to which famous Metropolis I shall presume to offer the Reader these particulars 1. The Origination or Etymology of the word London 2. It s several Appellations 3. The Antiquity of this City 4. It s Fame for Trade and Traffique 5. The honourable Titles that have been and are given to it 6. The walls thereof 7. It s River 8. It s Bridge 9. Its Gates 10. It s Tower 11. It s Cathedral 12. It s Division and Extent for the better Government thereof 13. The Reason why the Archbishop never makes any Visitation in London Diocess 14. Its Governours and Officers 15. It s several Courts 16. Its Customes 17. and lastly The Liberties Franchises and single Rites of this most glorious City SECT I. Of the Origination or Etomology of the word London TOuching the name of London from what occasion the City should be so denominated divers Authors conceit diversly Some are of opinion that London took the name of Ludstone for King Lud not onely repaired this City but also increased the same with fair buildings Towers and Walls and after his own name called it Cair Lud i. e. the Town of Lud and the strong Gate which he erected in the west part of the City he likewise for their own honour and reputation named it Ludgate Others say it is so called from the word Llhwn for seeing Caesar and Strabo do write that the ancient Britains called those woods and Groves by the names of Cities and Towns which they had fenced with Trees cast down and plashed to stop up the passage and seeing that such VVoods or Groves are in the Brittish tongue named Llhwn they are in inclined to the opinion that London thence took name as one would say by way of excellency the City or a City thick of Trees Again Others are of opinion which seemeth to be the most probable that whence London had the same there also it took the name even from Ships which the Brittains in their dialect call Longh so that Londinum may seem to sound as much as a Ship Road or City of Ships for the Brittains term a City Dinas whence the the Latines have fetch'd their Dinum And hence it is that elsewhere it is called Longidinum and in the Funeral Song of a most ancient Brittish Poet Llong Porth that is an Harbour or Haven of Ships And by this very term Bononia or Bolea in France which Ptolomy calleth Gessoriacum Novale in the Brittish Glossary is named Bolung-Long For many Cities have drawn their names from Ships as Naupactus Naustathmas Nauplia Navalia Augusti c. But of these none hath better right indeed to assume unto it the name of a Ship Road or Haven than our London as you shall understand at after See more of this business in Hollinshead Stow Geoffry of Monmouth and Cambden SECT II. Of the divers Appellations of this glorious City TAcitus Ptolomy and Antonine call it Londinium and Longidinium Ammianus Lundinum and Augusta Stephen in his Cities 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 our Britains Lundayne the old Saxons Londen Lunden-ceaster Lunden-berig Strangers Londra and Londres the Inhabitants London Fabulous Writers Troia Nova Tronovant or Trenovant that is New Tory Dinas Belin that is Belius City and Caer Lud of King Lud and Caesar in his Commentaries stiled it Trinobantum civitas SECT III. Of the Antiquity of this renowned City FOr proof of the Antiquity of this City I shall produce some known and approved Writers as Herodian Ammianus Marcellinus Fitz Stephen Stow c. 1. Herodian sayes thus in the Life of Severus the Roman Emperour Londinum est urbs magna opulenta 2. Ammianus Marcellinus an Author above 1200 years since calleth it Vetustum Oppidum 3. Fitz Stephen telleth us that this City of London far exceeds Rome in Seniority his words are these Haee civitas urbe Roma secundum Chronicorum fidem satis antiquior est c. 4. Stow in his Survey of London saith that as the Romans to glorifie the City of Rome drew the original thereof from gods and Demy-gods by the Trojan Progeny So Geoffry of Monmouth the Welsh Historian deduceth the foundation of this famous City of London for the greater glory thereof from the very same original For he reporteth that Brute lineally descended from the