win_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o cherzim_n upon_o the_o neister_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o moldavia_n that_o battle_n begin_v upon_o a_o saturday_n and_o be_v not_o full_o over_o till_o within_o three_o day_n after_o at_o what_o time_n it_o be_v end_v by_o the_o surrender_n of_o that_o that_o fortress_n the_o turk_n in_o that_o battle_n lose_v 8000_o janissary_n and_o 2000_o spahi_n which_o be_v one_o of_o die_v most_o celebrate_a victory_n in_o this_o age_n be_v gain_v upon_o the_o 11_o of_o nou._n the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o king_n michael_n korilut_n wiesnowiski_n the_o grand_a marshal_n sobieski_n be_v elect_v may_v 10._o 1674_o but_o be_v not_o crown_v till_o fifteen_o month_n after_o during_o which_o time_n he_o gain_v several_a advantage_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o constrain_v they_o to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o zurowna_n every_o one_o know_v how_o much_o he_o contribute_v towards_o the_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o viena_n be_v himself_o in_o person_n at_o the_o action_n wherein_o he_o acquire_v great_a renown_n he_o espouse_v mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o marquis_n d'_fw-fr arquien_v not_o long_o since_o make_v a_o cardinal_n of_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n in_o nivernois_n she_o be_v the_o widow_n of_o prince_n zamoiski_n the_o king_n have_v several_a child_n by_o she_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n three_o prince_n of_o which_o the_o elder_a have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v brother-in-law_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o marry_v one_o of_o the_o princess_n of_o neuburgs_n last_o to_o complete_a his_o encomium_n he_o speak_v several_a language_n and_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o book_n and_o learned_a men._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o government_n and_o manner_n of_o election_n in_o poland_n poland_n be_v a_o state_n where_o the_o government_n be_v monarchical_a and_o aristocratical_a it_o be_v monarchical_a because_o they_o have_v a_o king_n and_o aristocratical_a by_o reason_n their_o king_n be_v not_o a_o absolute_a prince_n that_o can_v dispose_v and_o resolve_v upon_o affair_n by_o his_o own_o power_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o senator_n i_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v the_o administration_n during_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la he_o assemble_v the_o state_n to_o elect_a a_o new_a king_n and_o appoint_v both_o time_n and_o place_n after_o every_o one_o have_v give_v his_o suffrage_n the_o king_n be_v elect_v by_o majority_n of_o voice_n this_o prelate_n declare_v he_o bring_v he_o forth_o into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o assembly_n than_o he_o be_v conduct_v to_o the_o church_n where_o after_o mass_n he_o swear_v to_o preserve_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o establish_v law_n which_o oblige_v he_o to_o do_v nothing_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n upon_o matter_n of_o moment_n the_o king_n send_v by_o his_o chancellor_n letter_n to_o the_o palatine_n call_v instructionis_fw-la litterae_fw-la because_o they_o mention_v the_o state_n of_o those_o affair_n his_o majesty_n have_v to_o propose_v to_o the_o assembly_n and_o appoint_v they_o a_o time_n to_o come_v to_o court_n when_o they_o receive_v these_o letter_n every_o one_o of_o the_o senator_n particular_o examine_v the_o nature_n quality_n subject_a and_o consequence_n of_o the_o proposition_n to_o which_o he_o have_v a_o liberty_n to_o answer_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fitt_v whether_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o public_a good_a or_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n the_o king_n send_v letter_n also_o into_o the_o palatinate_n where_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o choose_v one_o among_o they_o a_o person_n of_o merit_n that_o be_v sufficient_a and_o capable_a to_o speak_v in_o behalf_n of_o their_o province_n in_o who_o they_o be_v universal_o to_o agree_v to_o for_o if_o it_o happen_v there_o be_v one_o negative_a in_o the_o assembly_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o proceed_v far_o the_o deputy_n can_v go_v and_o that_o province_n have_v no_o voice_n in_o the_o state_n after_o these_o provincial_a assembly_n be_v over_o the_o senators_z and_o deputy_n appear_v at_o court_n at_o the_o time_n prefix_v where_o the_o king_n attend_v by_o his_o chancellor_n signify_v to_o they_o first_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n then_o hear_v and_o receive_v their_o advice_n but_o they_o must_v be_v unanimous_a in_o their_o resolution_n or_o as_o they_o say_v nemine_fw-la reclamante_fw-la nemine_fw-la dissentiente_fw-la or_o the_o diet_n break_v up_o every_o one_o go_v home_n again_o and_o the_o proposition_n come_v to_o nothing_o among_o the_o city_n there_o be_v only_a cracow_n danzic_n and_o vilna_n that_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o diet._n the_o ordinary_a matter_n be_v transact_v before_o the_o judge_n establish_v in_o every_o palatinate_n and_o as_o in_o the_o provincial_a assembly_n all_o manner_n of_o person_n have_v liberty_n to_o be_v present_a and_o hear_v what_o be_v propose_v the_o mean_a countryman_n may_v know_v all_o so_o when_o ever_o they_o treat_v of_o war_n the_o enemy_n be_v advise_v and_o inform_v of_o their_o design_n their_o strength_n and_o how_o to_o ruin_v they_o the_o king_n be_v best_a revenue_n consist_v in_o the_o saltwork_n near_o cracow_n in_o the_o mine_n of_o copper_n lead_v and_o silver_n in_o the_o fishery_n and_o tribute_n of_o the_o jew_n his_o revenue_n be_v compute_v at_o 600000_o crown_n per_fw-la ann._n the_o prosit_fw-la arise_v from_o his_o demesne_n be_v common_o give_v away_o in_o pension_n and_o bounty_n to_o the_o palatine_n chastellain_n and_o other_o great_a man_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o his_o interest_n most_o of_o what_o come_v into_o his_o own_o coffer_n be_v either_o lay_v up_o or_o expend_v in_o the_o purchase_n of_o estate_n for_o his_o young_a son_n his_o daughter_n be_v marry_v at_o the_o public_a charge_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o household_n defray_v by_o his_o subject_n he_o have_v the_o nomination_n of_o the_o bishopric_n and_o of_o all_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o the_o commission_n of_o war_n and_o revenue_n the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o civil_a government_n the_o chief_a dignity_n be_v the_o lieutenant_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o king_n household_n the_o great_a treasurer_n the_o great_a provost_n etc._n etc._n these_o place_n be_v both_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n where_o the_o king_n go_v every_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o hold_v a_o diet_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o enter_v upon_o the_o country_n he_o be_v only_o serve_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o crown_n general_n have_v very_o great_a advantage_n and_o his_o office_n give_v he_o the_o title_n also_o of_o grand_a master_n of_o the_o king_n house_n great_a master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n introductor_n of_o ambassador_n judge_n and_o master_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n he_o can_v make_v law_n and_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o he_o the_o general_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o of_o lithuania_n may_v fight_v as_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o have_v sovereign_a power_n in_o the_o camp_n beside_o the_o palatine_n and_o chastellans_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o city_n burgher_n judge_n and_o magistrate_n but_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o they_o to_o cracow_n for_o great_a poland_n and_o to_o lublin_n for_o the_o lesser_a poland_n and_o russia_n though_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o first_o duke_n be_v in_o truth_n king_n without_o the_o title_n yet_o at_o present_a he_o be_v nothing_o less_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n to_o impose_v tax_n make_v law_n alienate_v any_o of_o his_o demesne_n or_o in_o short_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n of_o importance_n which_o concern_v the_o public_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet._n and_o he_o do_v not_o only_o swear_v to_o do_v all_o this_o but_o allow_v their_o disobedience_n in_o case_n he_o violate_v his_o oath_n which_o make_v the_o subject_n the_o prince_n judge_n and_o this_o kingdom_n a_o mere_a aristocracy_n or_o knot_n of_o petty_a kingdom_n under_o one_o head_n the_o first_o duke_n indeed_o be_v absolute_a prince_n and_o rule_v after_o a_o despotical_a manner_n have_v power_n not_o only_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n but_o of_o life_n and_o death_n without_o formality_n of_o law_n yet_o when_o they_o once_o become_v elective_a they_o lose_v much_o of_o that_o power_n which_o decay_v so_o by_o degree_n that_o at_o last_o it_o come_v to_o nothing_o magni_fw-la nominis_fw-la umbra_fw-la a_o diminution_n which_o begin_v first_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n of_o hungary_n and_o jagello_n of_o lithuania_n who_o to_o gain_v
the_o ancient_a and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n give_v a_o short_a but_o exact_a account_v of_o the_o situation_n of_o that_o country_n the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o several_a succession_n of_o their_o king_n their_o religion_n etc._n etc._n draw_v out_o of_o their_o best_a historian_n tâ—â—hich_v 〈◊〉_d add_v a_o 〈…〉_o â—he_v 〈…〉_o of_o the_o late_a k_o 〈…〉_o as_o it_o now_o stand_v london_n p_o 〈…〉_o for_o eâ—…â—hitlock_n near_o stationers-hall_n 1697._o to_o the_o reader_n the_o affair_n of_o poland_n be_v at_o this_o juncture_n the_o common_a subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n and_o expectation_n upon_o the_o happy_a determine_n whereof_o it_o be_v think_v the_o future_a peace_n quiet_a and_o prosperity_n of_o europe_n will_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v the_o follow_a account_n may_v perhaps_o be_v acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a it_o treat_v first_o in_o general_n of_o poland_n how_o bound_v and_o divide_v afterward_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n their_o government_n and_o their_o religion_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a head_n upon_o which_o we_o make_v our_o inquiry_n of_o any_o country_n and_o people_n they_o be_v handle_v so_o brief_o and_o succinct_o as_o not_o to_o be_v tedious_a to_o the_o reader_n yet_o it_o be_v hope_v to_o his_o satisfaction_n there_o be_v add_v a_o account_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o of_o the_o present_a election_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n etc._n etc._n chap._n i._o of_o poland_n poland_n be_v a_o elective_a monarchy_n comprehend_v the_o ancient_a sarmatia_n europaea_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o germany_n towards_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n polska_n and_o have_v take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o word_n pole_n or_o pola_n which_o in_o the_o selavonian_a language_n signify_v a_o hunt_a country_n all_o this_o state_n consist_v of_o vast_a plain_n field_n and_o wood_n proper_a for_o hunt_v it_o be_v much_o great_a and_o more_o considerable_a than_o it_o be_v since_o lithuania_n and_o several_a other_o province_n have_v be_v add_v for_o before_o it_o only_o contain_v what_o we_o now_o call_v the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a poland_n but_o with_o these_o addition_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n moscovy_n and_o tartary_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n hungary_n transilvania_n and_o moldavia_n to_o the_o south_n germany_n to_o the_o west_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n livonia_n and_o a_o part_n of_o white_a russia_n or_o moscovy_n to_o the_o north._n this_o state_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v subdivide_v into_o great_a and_o lesser_n poland_n the_o lesser_a poland_n lie_v betwixt_o hungary_n silesia_n and_o russia_n in_o it_o be_v cracow_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n and_o sandomirz_n great_a poland_n be_v betwixt_o germany_n pomerania_n silisia_n and_o the_o lesser_a poland_n and_o have_v the_o city_n of_o posnan_n kalisch_n gnesna_n lencici_n lublin_n and_o sirad_n it_o contain_v also_o the_o province_n of_o mazovia_n where_o be_v warsaw_n and_o plâ—â—sko_n cujavia_n where_o be_v uladâ—slâ—â—v_o royal_a prussia_n which_o have_v dantzick_n elbing_n thorn_n etc._n etc._n and_o black_a russia_n with_o the_o city_n of_o leopold_n and_o prezmisle_n in_o latin_a premistia_n lithuania_n have_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o vilua_n novigrade_n poloczk_n minx_n wisepezk_n micislaw_n breslaw_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v divide_v into_o volbinia_n with_o the_o city_n of_o lucho_n klow_n etc._n etc._n podolia_n with_o the_o city_n of_o caminiec_n braclaw_n etc._n etc._n polesia_n where_o be_v bressici_fw-la and_o samogitia_n the_o capital_a of_o which_o be_v medniki_n poland_n be_v otherwise_o divide_v into_o thirty_o four_o palatinate_n or_o government_n every_o palatine_a have_v his_o chastellan_n under_o he_o and_o they_o be_v captain_n and_o governor_n of_o city_n and_o be_v about_o eighty_o seven_o in_o all_o there_o may_v be_v a_o ecclesiastical_a division_n of_o poland_n according_a to_o their_o two_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n and_o leopold_n they_o have_v former_o riga_n too_o but_o that_o city_n be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o suede_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v the_o first_o senator_n he_o ascend_v the_o throne_n upon_o the_o king_n death_n and_o govern_v till_o another_o be_v choose_v there_o be_v fifteen_o bishoorick_n in_o poland_n many_o abbey_n and_o the_o university_n ot_fw-mi cracow_n royaumont_n coningsherg_n zamoiski_n etc._n etc._n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o country_n of_o poland_n the_o air_n of_o poland_n be_v very_o pure_a and_o the_o land_n so_o good_a that_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n they_o send_v to_o other_o country_n there_o be_v vast_a plain_n as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v see_v intermix_v with_o rivers_n and_o many_o wood_n which_o be_v to_o the_o advantage_n as_o well_o as_o beauty_n of_o the_o country_n this_o chief_o concern_v great_a poland_n the_o lesser_a be_v as_o fruitful_a though_o not_o so_o compact_v in_o it_o be_v mine_n of_o silver_n and_o iron_n and_o vine_n and_o excellent_a fruit_n with_o these_o advantage_n they_o likewise_o enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air._n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o lithuania_n the_o commodity_n in_o which_o they_o trade_v be_v honey_n wax_n venison_n fish_n timber_n hemp_n corn_n the_o skin_n of_o martin_n castor_n bear_n elke_n and_o other_o wild_a beast_n as_o also_o copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chief_o steel_n the_o nobility_n only_o be_v considerable_a in_o poland_n the_o three_o estate_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n slave_n the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n be_v large_a and_o strong_a dexterous_o wield_v the_o scimitar_n learned_a in_o foreign_a language_n very_o liberal_a brave_a man_n and_o hearty_a roman_a catholic_n but_o it_o must_v far_o be_v own_a that_o they_o be_v fierce_a and_o proud_a that_o they_o sacrifice_v every_o thing_n to_o their_o own_o opinion_n and_o own_o no_o sovereign_n but_o liberty_n from_o hence_o have_v come_v those_o advantage_n the_o tartar_n and_o moscovite_n have_v have_v former_o against_o they_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o king_n of_o sueden_n with_o about_o forty_o thousand_o man_n reduce_v their_o country_n to_o the_o last_o extremity_n when_o their_o army_n consist_v of_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o fight_a man_n which_o can_v proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o a_o mis-understang_a among_o themselves_o and_o the_o little_a power_n they_o give_v their_o prince_n insomuch_o that_o before_o the_o senate_n can_v be_v assemble_v and_o the_o nobility_n have_v resolve_v to_o go_v to_o war_n the_o enemy_n have_v time_n to_o do_v what_o he_o will_v in_o the_o field_n and_o there_o be_v no_o strong_a place_n to_o hinder_v his_o go_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o warsaw_n however_o the_o polander_n be_v good_a soldier_n especial_o the_o horse_n who_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o carabine_n a_o case_n of_o pistol_n a_o axe_n on_o one_o side_n and_o scymitar_n on_o the_o other_o a_o quiver_n full_a of_o arrow_n and_o a_o bow_n at_o their_o back_n which_o they_o use_v after_o the_o the_o discharge_v of_o their_o firo-aâ—â—ns_a when_o the_o enemy_n fly_v the_o polander_n love_v travel_v they_o be_v faithful_a oblige_v and_o civil_a to_o stranger_n they_o be_v rich_a in_o their_o habit_n and_o splendid_a in_o their_o entertainment_n which_o they_o make_v free_o for_o their_o friend_n their_o marriage_n especial_o in_o the_o country_n of_o prussia_n samogittia_n and_o lithuania_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o young_a woman_n do_v not_o marry_v before_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o lour_v year_n or_o at_o least_o not_o before_o they_o have_v wrought_v with_o their_o own_o hand_n cloth_n and_o garment_n to_o present_v every_o one_o that_o attend_v their_o bridegroom_n to_o church_n when_o the_o father_n seek_v a_o wise_a for_o his_o son_n he_o consider_v neither_o beauty_n nor_o fortune_n but_o only_o her_o manner_n whether_o she_o be_v of_o a_o agreeable_a age_n if_o she_o have_v a_o body_n likely_a to_o conceive_v and_o bear_v child_n have_v find_v such_o a_o one_o she_o be_v take_v away_o by_o some_o of_o the_o bridegroom_n kindred_n after_o which_o they_o apply_v for_o the_o father_n consent_n to_o complete_a the_o marriage_n these_o people_n retain_v still_o many_o relic_n of_o pagan_a superstition_n for_o in_o the_o function_n or_o ceremony_n of_o matrimony_n they_o make_v the_o bride_n go_v three_o time_n round_a the_o fire_n then_o sit_v down_o wash_v her_o foot_n and_o with_o that_o water_n sprinkle_v the_o bed_n and_o all_o the_o movable_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o new-married_n couple_n they_o anoint_v the_o bride_n mouth_n with_o honey_n cover_v her_o eye_n with_o a_o
veil_n and_o so_o lead_v her_o blindfold_a to_o all_o the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n which_o she_o must_v strike_v with_o she_o right_o foot_n they_o throw_v wheat_n rye_n oat_n barley_n rice_n and_o bean_n at_o the_o door_n say_v that_o the_o bride_n shall_v never_o want_v any_o of_o those_o grain_n if_o she_o continue_v devout_a in_o her_o religion_n and_o take_v care_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o family_n that_o do_v they_o take_v the_o veil_n from_o before_o her_o eye_n and_o have_v a_o banquet_n but_o at_o night_n when_o it_o be_v time_n to_o go_v to_o bed_n they_o dance_v and_o cut_v off_o her_o hair_n then_o some_o of_o the_o woman_n wrap_v her_o head_n in_o a_o white_a linen_n cloth_n which_o she_o may_v wear_v till_o she_o have_v a_o son_n bear_v for_o till_o then_o she_o be_v call_v a_o girl_n last_o she_o be_v take_v to_o her_o chamber_n where_o after_o be_v jocular_o pinch_v and_o beat_v they_o deliver_v she_o to_o her_o bridegroom_n who_o they_o give_v to_o eat_v goat_n or_o bear_n stone_n together_o instead_o of_o sweetmeat_n and_o other_o delicacy_n which_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n help_v procreation_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o marriage-feast_n they_o have_v no_o flesh_n of_o any_o creature_n that_o be_v geld_v they_o use_v in_o their_o diet_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o saffron_n and_o spice_n and_o spare_v not_o for_o sugar_n in_o many_o dish_n peculiar_a to_o they_o the_o polander_n be_v very_o devout_a and_o fast_o wednesday_n friday_n and_o saturday_n but_o they_o scruple_n not_o be_v drink_v and_o to_o fight_v at_o these_o time_n the_o countrypeople_n be_v poor_a and_o miserable_a and_o be_v master_n of_o nothing_o they_o have_v but_o be_v subject_n to_o their_o lord_n who_o treat_v they_o as_o tyrannical_o as_o galleyslave_n a_o gentleman_n there_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o those_o of_o his_o family_n and_o tenant_n and_o if_o a_o neighbour_n kill_v one_o and_o pay_v the_o value_n set_v upon_o he_o all_o be_v well_o again_o and_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o a_o gentleman_n riches_n they_o reckon_v they_o by_o his_o number_n of_o tenant_n the_o house_n of_o these_o miserable_a slave_n who_o work_v hard_a and_o live_v upon_o little_a be_v only_o of_o mud_n and_o some_o tree_n to_o hold_v up_o the_o roof_n the_o child_n sleep_v and_o eat_v with_o the_o swine_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n have_v no_o other_o place_n to_o eat_v in_o and_o oftentimes_o for_o his_o lodging_n than_o the_o manger_n and_o rack_n where_o his_o cattle_n be_v keep_v it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v sometime_o a_o little_a apartment_n next_o the_o roof_n where_o thep_v have_v a_o stove_n and_o the_o best_a of_o the_o family_n lie_v upon_o skin_n they_o drink_v beer_n or_o mead_n but_o no_o water_n because_o it_o be_v almost_o all_o stink_a in_o poland_n where_o it_o corrupt_v in_o the_o plain_n their_o woman_n be_v little_a not_o handsome_a very_o simple_a but_o civil_a the_o polander_n love_v they_o but_o treat_v they_o like_o servant_n and_o when_o they_o return_v home_o from_o the_o army_n they_o give_v they_o their_o right_a hand_n to_o kiss_v they_o be_v something_o jealous_a and_o therefore_o have_v no_o conversation_n but_o with_o their_o next_o relation_n unless_o when_o they_o be_v at_o ball_n and_o feast_n they_o go_v very_o seldom_o abroad_o there_o be_v no_o inn_n in_o poland_n upon_o the_o road_n and_o therefore_o gentleman_n that_o travel_v either_o lodge_n with_o their_o friend_n or_o carry_v their_o own_o provision_n along_o with_o they_o or_o else_o lie_v upon_o the_o countrypeople_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v they_o and_o that_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o they_o if_o any_o of_o the_o nobility_n be_v take_v in_o war_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o ransom_v he_o their_o language_n be_v sclavonian_n beside_o that_o they_o all_o speak_v latin_a and_o most_o of_o they_o understand_v foreign_a language_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v common_o think_v the_o huns_n be_v the_o first_o people_n that_o come_v into_o poland_n and_o the_o sclavonian_n who_o drive_v thence_o the_o suede_n and_o goth_n and_o some_o other_o that_o inhabit_v from_o the_o vistula_n to_o the_o elbe_n lechus_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o about_o the_o year_n 550_o and_o begin_v the_o monarchy_n of_o poland_n this_o prince_n reside_v at_o gnesna_n a_o city_n which_o he_o build_v and_o so_o name_v from_o a_o eagles_n nest_n that_o be_v find_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o tree_n where_o it_o be_v building_n the_o word_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o nest_n whence_o come_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v a_o spread-eagle_n the_o first_o governor_n of_o this_o country_n do_v not_o assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o only_o that_o of_o duke_n and_o the_o first_o form_n of_o government_n be_v very_o inconstant_a for_o after_o the_o race_n of_o lechus_n though_o it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o many_o there_o be_v and_o how_o long_o they_o govern_v and_o what_o be_v their_o achievement_n twelve_o governor_n in_o their_o language_n call_v vayvod_n administer_v the_o government_n who_o have_v refine_v this_o barbarous_a people_n by_o good_a law_n and_o constitution_n at_o last_o be_v divide_v among_o themselves_o whereupon_o the_o pole_n elect_v one_o cracus_n who_o have_v restore_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o its_o former_a state_n build_v the_o city_n of_o cracovia_n now_o cracow_n call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o make_v it_o his_o place_n of_o residence_n his_o young_a son_n lechus_n the_o second_o to_o obtain_v the_o principality_n murder_v his_o elder_a brother_n but_o the_o fact_n be_v discover_v he_o be_v banish_v to_o he_o succeed_v venda_n a_o virgin_n only_a child_n of_o cracus_n after_o her_o death_n the_o government_n return_v to_o vayvod_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o pole_n elect_v premisbus_n a_o goldsmith_n call_v also_o lescus_n the_o first_o who_o obtain_v the_o crown_n by_o a_o stratagem_n that_o save_v the_o pole_n when_o they_o be_v in_o distress_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o they_o be_v in_o the_o field_n against_o the_o moravian_o and_o find_v themselves_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n this_o goldsmith_n bethink_v himself_o of_o a_o way_n to_o make_v the_o polish_v army_n seem_v more_o numerous_a which_o be_v by_o make_v a_o great_a number_n of_o shield_n of_o bark_n of_o tree_n and_o afterward_o smeer_v they_o over_o with_o gall_n and_o quicksilver_n which_o make_v a_o great_a show_n and_o the_o moravian_o real_o believe_v the_o pole_n be_v equal_a in_o number_n stand_v gaze_v upon_o the_o shield_n till_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v time_n to_o retire_v this_o duke_n have_v no_o issue_n a_o horse-race_n be_v institute_v to_o determine_v the_o succession_n and_o three_o candidate_n appear_v one_o of_o they_o think_v by_o subtlety_n to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n lay_v several_a iron_n spikes_n in_o the_o way_n where_o the_o race_n be_v to_o be_v run_v which_o the_o the_o other_o two_o know_v nothing_o of_o they_o gall_v and_o stop_v in_o their_o career_n so_o that_o the_o politician_n come_v first_o to_o the_o goal_n but_o the_o fallacy_n be_v soon_o detect_v a_o poor_a country_n fellow_n that_o run_v along_o with_o they_o on_o foot_n only_o for_o his_o diversion_n be_v choose_v and_o the_o other_o kiil_v upon_o the_o spot_n this_o duke_n name_n be_v lescus_n the_o second_o and_o who_o as_o some_o say_v be_v afterward_o slay_v in_o the_o war_n against_o charles_n the_o great_a to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n lescus_n the_o three_o who_o have_v appease_v charles_n the_o great_a with_o present_n make_v peace_n with_o he_o either_o as_o a_o unequal_a ally_n or_o by_o acknowledge_v himself_o his_o vassal_n this_o duke_n leave_v poland_n to_o his_o son_n popâ—ell_o but_o give_v the_o neighbour_a country_n of_o pomerania_n and_o cassovia_n to_o his_o natural_a child_n after_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n popâ—ell_v the_o second_o a_o very_a ill_a man_n who_o by_o the_o persusion_n of_o his_o lady_n murder_v his_o father_n brother_n whereupon_o it_o be_v report_v that_o our_o of_o their_o dead_a body_n which_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v inter_v come_v forth_o a_o great_a number_n of_o huge_a rat_n which_o devour_v he_o and_o his_o whole_a family_n notwithstanding_o all_o imaginable_a mean_n be_v use_v to_o prevent_v it_o after_o his_o death_n come_v a_o inter-regnum_fw-la full_a of_o trouble_n till_o the_o pole_n declare_v piastus_n a_o country-fellow_n bear_v at_o cruswitz_n for_o their_o prince_n from_o who_o ever_o after_o if_o any_o of_o the_o native_n obtain_v the_o royal_a dignity_n they_o be_v call_v piasti_fw-la his_o posterity_n reign_v for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o poland_n from_o who_o also_o descend_v the_o duke_n of_o