concerning the Martyrdoms of the Twelve Apostles we shall relate as followeth James the Son of Zebedee called Major for that he was chosen to be an Apostle was sent to convert Spaine from whence by reason of the Obstinacy of the People he returned shortly to Preach in Judea where through the Malice of a Jewish Bishop called Abiathar he was accused and Beheaded by the consent of Herod Agrippa His Body was conveyed by his Disciples first to Jerusalem and from thence to Spaine where it remaineth in Compostella a Famous Pilgrimage James the Son of Alpheus called Minor for that he was last chosen he was Bishop of Jerusalem and that for the space of Thirty years and then as he was Preaching in the Temple he was thrown down by the Pharises and by them stoned to death he was Buried by the Temple Simon by our Saviour called Peter through the indignation of Nero because he was too hard for and had overcome Simon Magus Sorcerie was Crucified with his Head downward Saul after his conversion called Paul who after that he had endured and escaped many dangers and torments as being Whipt with Rods put in the Stocks by Philipus Stoned in Lystra delivered to wild Beasts in Ephesus Bound and Beaten in Jerusalem at last he came to Rome where by the commandement of Nero he was Beheaded for that he was a Roman Born the same day that St. Peter was crucified Philip after he had Preached throughout the whole Coutrey of Scythia and converted a great part thereof in the space of twenty years was at last in the City of Hierapolis when he had there extirped the Herisie of the Hebaeonites fastned to the Cross and put to a cruel death Bartholomew went to Preach in India and afterwards came to Albania a City of Armenia the greater where he converted the King of that City and destroyed the Idols Wherefore by the Commandment of Astiages Brother to King Polimeus whom he had converted he was Flead alive His Body was afterwards brought to Italy and is as some say at Rome Andrew Simon Peters Brother went first to Preach in Achaia and afterwards in Scythia but Lastly he was taken at Patras a City of Achaia by Egeas Pro-consul of that Province Who because that he had Converted his Wife Maximilla cast him in prison where he was most Tyrannically beaten stretched out and bound upon a slope Cross to augment his Torment and so he dyed Thomas Preached the Gospel to the Parthians Medes Persians Hyrcanians Bragmans and converted a great part of India He was by the Infidels thrown into a burning Furnace and is said to have come out unhurt Finally because he prayed to God to destroy the Idol of the Sun which the Infidels would have compelled him to Worship he was by them thrust through with Spears and Swords Matthew after he had Preached much in Judea he went into Aetheopia and there converted the greatest part of the Countrey As he had newly ended his Prayers and was lifting up his hands to Heaven by the Alter by the Appointment of the King of that Countrey certain Villains came behind him and run him through with their Swords Judas called Thaddeus after the Ascention of our Lord was sent by Thomas to heal Albagar King of Edissa Afterwards he Preached in Pontus and Mesopotamia and converted many cruel and barbarous People Lastly he came to Persia where for confounding of their Idols he was suddenly run upon and murdered by the Pagan Bishops of that Countrey He was buried at Netre a City of Armenia Simon called Chananeus Brother to Thaddeus and James the less after he had Preached in Aegypt returned to Jerusalem Whereof by the consent of the Apostles he was made Bishop after the death of his Brother James As touching his Martyrdome some say that he suffered with his Brother Judas Thaddeus in Persia others that he was through the envy of the Hereticks accused before the Consul Atticus and therefore Crucified as his Master was Mathyas after the Ascension of our Blessed Lord and Saviour was chosen by the Apostles to supply the room of Judas he was born at Bethlem and was descended of the Tribe of Juda. He Preached for the most part in Judea where at last he was falsly accused of his enemies for Perjury and was therefore condemned to be stoned to death by two men after which torment one cut him with a Hatchet which finished his Martyrdome The Four Monarchies of the World were in successive order as followeth the First was of the Assirians by Ninus about the year of the World 2220. augmented by the Queen Semiramis and afterwards it endured the Term of 1300 years it was translated by Arbactus to the Medes and there having endured 350 years it was left by Astyages and exterpated by Cyrus The Second Monarchy was of the Persians the year of the World 3425 which after it had endured 191 years was lost by Daryus and extirpated by Alexander the Great The Third Monarchy was of the Grecians founded by Alexander the Great in the year of the World 3634 and before Christ 320 years after whose death it was divided amongst the Prefects which in his life time he had appointed in divers Countries by which division Selenius King of Assyria Ptolomeus King of Aegypt Antigonus King of Asia Cassander of Macedonia and Greece all which Countries were after subduâ—â—… by the Romans The Fourth Monarchy or Empire was of the Romans founded by Julius Caesar in the year of the World 3914 after the building of Rome 706 years and before Christ 47 years This Monarchy flourished about the space of 470 years till that after the death of Theodosius the Great it was divided by his two Sons into two Empires Arcadius was Emperour of Constantinople which Empire endured though afterwards much diminished by the Invasions of Barbarous Nations untill the year of our Lord 1453 and then was quite lost by Constantine and conquered by Mahomet the second Emperour of the Turks Honorious was Emperour of Rome which Empire shortly after in the year of our Lord five hundred seventy-five and about the ninth Month of the Reign of Augustus was utterly ruinated by Othacar King of the Gothes And long after in the year of our Lord 801 it was restored by Charles the great and by him united to the Crown of France and by his successors Translated into Germony 〈◊〉 here it yet remaineth as a shaddow only or representation of the Majesty of the Ancient Roman Empire Measures and Wrights were found out by Sidonius as Entropius writes The same time that Procus Reigned in Albany Ahaz in Judah and Jeroboam in Hierusalem Some write that Mercury devised them in Greece Pliny ascribeth it to Phidon of Argos Gellius to Palamades Strabo to one Phidon of Elis in Arcadie Diogenes saith that Pythagoras taught the Greeks Weights and Measures but Josephus affirms that Cain first found them out Men Deified were such as from whom had been attained any
who cannot prove their Nobility by three Descents at least The Sixth Order is of the Bath brought first into England 1399 by Henry the Fourth they are Created at the Coronation of Kings and Queens and at the Installation of the Princes of Wales Their Duty is to Defend true Religion Widdows Maids Orphans and to maintain the Kings Rights Obelisci or Pyramids which may be called long broches or Spires were great and huge stones in Aegypt made by Masons from the bottom smaller and smaller of a large length they were consecrated to the Sun because they were long much like to the beams of the Sun The First of them was instituted by Mitres who reigned in Heliopolis being commanded by avision to make it and so it was recouded and written on the same King Bochis set up four that were every one of them 48 Cubits long Ramesis in whose time Troy was destroyed reared up one Forty cubits in length and another of 819 Foot and every side was four cubits broad Ptolomeus Philadelphus made one at Alexandria of four cubits And Pheron set up two in the Temple of the Sun of a hundred cubits length a piece and four cubits broad on this occasion it fortuned that this King for a great crime that he had commited was stricken blind and continued so ten years and after by Revelation at the City Bucis it was told him that he should receive his sight if he washed his Eyes with the water of a Woman that was never defiled with any strange Man but was alwayes content with her Husband First he tryed his own Wife and afterwards many others till at last he received his sight and Married her by whose Urine he was healed and was recovered and all the other with his first Wife he caused to be burnt Afterwards for a remembrance he made his Oblation with the two aforesaid Pyramids in the Temple of the Sun Augustus Caesar brought two of these Broches or Spires to Rome and set one in the great Tiltyard or Lists called Circus The other he set up in the field called Campus Martius Ointments Pliny is of opinion that they were used long before the Battel of Troy for Jacob sent to his Son Joseph in Aegypt Ointments and Moses that was three hundred and fifty years before the Siege of Troy maketh mention of Ointments concerning the Sanctification of the Tabernacle and the Priests of the Old Testament Pliny and Solinus report that Alexander when he conquered the Army of Darius found amongst other Jewels spoiles and things of value a Casket of Ointments that he highly esteemed of But Herodotus affirms that they were frequently used long before Darius time For Cambyses Son to Cyrus sent Ambassadors to Aethiopus King of the Macrobians with great presents whereof a Box of Ointments was one It is not certain when they first were used in Rome but I find in Pliny that the five hundred sixty fifth year of the City Antiochus being Vanquished P. Licinus Crassus and Julius Cesar then Censors commanded that no Forraign or Strange confection of Ointments should be sold in the City The Original of the Heathen Gods as the Scripture hath it Ephes 6. was When the Spirits of the air the Rulers of this World began to give Prophetical answers out of Images made to resemble mortal men and by their wicked Subtlety did pretend themselves sometimes to be of the Number of good Spirits sometimes Coelestial Gods sometimes the Souls of Valiant Lords they brought Men into such error and perplexity that in a short space they did alienate their hearts from the Religion and Reverence of the true God and so deluded them as to make them to repare to them for help and to inquire their Oracles and Answers which of purpose had doubtful understandings least their Ignorance should be perceived By these deceitful means they were by divers Nations Deified and sundry people after divers manners chose them for Gods and with great reverence Worshiped them These spirits of the Air that gave such doubtful answers to them that euquired any question of them were at the comming of our Saviour Christ all destroyed For when he was carried into Aegypt which was a Countrey full of Superstition and Idolatry all the Idols of that Nation were overthrown and Fell to the ground at his comming And in the time of Adrian the Emperour both their wicked Sacrifices were abolished and also the Oracles of Appollo at Delphos of Jupiter Hammon in Aegypt with the like vanities were subverted The Opinions of the Philosophers concerning the birth of Man Were divers Diodorus recordeth that they spake of two sundry manners of birth and first stock of Mankind for they which contend that the World was not generate and without any danger of Corruption say also that Man hath been in a certain Perpetuity without Beginning Of this Opinion were Pythagoras Xenocrates and Aristotle with other Peripateticks affirming that all things in the Eternal World which have been or shall hereafte come to pass are by Generation endless and without Beginning and have only a circuit or course of Generations wherein both the Birth and natural resolution of things may be perceived Others suppose this World had both an Original cause of Being and shall also end by Putrefaction they hold Opinion that Man had a time of his Generation P PHYSICK some referr the invention of it to Appollo because the moderate heat of the Sun seems to be the repeller of all Sickness Others attribute the finding of it to the Aegyptians but the enlarging of it to Aesculapius who besides other more rare Experiments found out the way of drawing of Teeth In Rome Archagathus of Peloponesus was the first Physitian In Aegypt and Babylon they used no Physitians but brought the Sick Persons into the Streets Publick places that so the Passengers might tell them what manner of Medicine or Dyet was good for them neither was it Lawful for any Man to pass by till that he had spoke with the Patient Afterwards the Aegyptians did so distribute the Art of Physick that every Disease had a distinct Physition to look after it one for the Head another for the Eyes others for other parts according as they excelled Of Medicines made by Herbs we have already in another place in part discoursed Chiron the Son of Saturn as he was reported to have been so knowing in the virtue of Herbs may be Accounted to have been one of the first inventers of Salves for Wounds and Sores he found out the Herb called Centaurie wherewith he cured the Wound that he had received from Hercules's Arrows falling on his Feet as he was handling of his Quiver Mercury found out the use of Moly and Achilles the virtue of Yarrow Medicines made with Honey were from Sol the Son of Oceanus several Herbs also very necessary for Medicines were discerned from those cures Beasts out of an instinct of Nature made on themselves Dittany by the Hare which being Wounded
builded the first Temple to the worship of Jupiter Feretrius To Almighty God Solomon the King of the Hebrews builded the first Temple 3102 years after the Creation of Adam in Jerusalem Amongst other Temples that of Ephesus built in a noble City so called was very famous It was in the Countrey of Jonia it was built in the 32d year of the Reign of King David by Androchus the Son of Codrus King of Athens The Amazons and most part of Asia did contribute to the Erection of it in honour of Diana the like whereof was not in all the World and therefore it was accounted amongst the seven wonders of the World it was building 215 years It was placed in a Miry ground for the better avoiding of Earth-quakes There were 127 Pillars in it made of their Kings one by one which were in height 60 Foot whereof 36 were caried with most admirable workmanship The length of the whole Church was 425 Foot and the breadth 220. All that took this Church for Sanctuary had great immunities and priviledges there were also so many Gifts and Monuments given to this Church from all Natians and Cityes that none in all the World might be compared to it for Wealth St. Paul Preached at Epesus three years and Converted many to the Faith St. John also the Evangelist dyed in this City But this sumptious building was destroyed and set on fire in the Reign of Galienus the Emperour by one Erostratus who having performed many noble Exploits in War and otherwise when that he perceived himself to have been deprived both of reward and fame to leave a continual remembrance of his Name for one flagitious and horrible Act did with great fires and monsterous flames consume this faire Church and reduced it to Ashes thinking thereby as hath been said to have been remembred to perpetuity but he was mistaken for there were general Edicts and Proclamations made that no man should presume upon Pain of Death so much as to put his Name in any Writing or Chronicle to the intent that he might have been Buried with an everlasting Oblivion Triumphs the first of them was entered by Dionysius when he was replenished with the spoils of many Countreys afterwards they were received of sundry Nations as the Captains of Carthage upon their great successes Triumphed Romulus after he had conquered Acron King of Ciniveus was Crowned with Lawrell and carried in a Charriot with four Horses entered into the City of Rome Triumphantly and dedicated his prey and spoyls to Jupiter as Dionysius writes Although Eutropius saith that Tarquinius Priscus first Triumphed after his conquest of the Sabines Camillus was led in a solemn Triumph with white Horses in a Gilded Charriot his Browes incircled with a Garland of Gold all the Captains following the Charriot with Chains and Fetters about their Necks and the Senate going before into the Capitoll of Jupiters Temple where they offered a white Bull and then returned It was Lawful for none to Triumph but such as were Dictator Consul or Pretor Although Cneus Pompeius as Cicero writes Triumphed though he was but of the Order of Knights Truce which was called a covenant of Peace for a Season was instituted by Lycaon it was made sometimes for years as the Romans made a Truce with the Veientes for Forty years with the Cerites for a hundred sometimes a Truce was made for hours as Caius Pontius a Samnite required of the Dictator of Rome a Truce for six hours Leagues of Peeace Theseus is said to have ordained in Greece Diodorus assigns them to Mercury but the truth is they were in frequent use long before that time in Assyria and Aegypt and namely amongst the Hebrews for Jacob made a League with Laban and Moses offered conditions of Peace to the Princes of the Countries by whom he passed and after him Joshua confirmed a Bond of Peace with the Gibeonites The ceremonies and manner of the making and confirmation of the Leagues of sundry Nations were diversifyed according to their several customes Tragedies and Commedies had their beginning of the oblations as Diodorus writes which in old time men devoutly offered for their fruits to Bacchus For as the Altars were kindled with fire and the Goat laid on it the Quire in honour of Bacchus sung this Meter called a Tragedy it was named so either because a Goat which in Greek is called Tragos was the reward appointed for him that was Author of the Song or because a Goat is so noysome and hurtful to the Vines whereof Bacchus was the first inventer which Sacrificed to Liber or of the Grounds or Dregs which in Greek is called Tryx with which the Stage-Players used to Paint their Faces before that Aeschylus devised Visards But the first inventer of them after the mind of Horace was Thespis-Quintilian saith that Aescylus set forth the first publick Tragedies though he acknowledges that Sophocles and Euripidus did adorn and furnish them more gallantly In Rome Livius Andronicus made the first Tragedy wherein Accius Paccunius and Seneca excelled The Comedies began at what time the Athenians being not yet assembled into the City the Youth of that Contrey used to Sing solemn Verses at Feasts abroad in the Villages and High-wayes for to get Money They were so named of the Greek word Comos for a Banqueting or Come a Street and Ode a Song yet it is uncertain amongst the Grecians who invented them first In this kind of Writing Aristophanus Eupolis and Cratinus were the most eminent in a Tragedy Noble Persons as Emperours Kings Princes Dukes Lords c. are brought in with a high Style In a Comedy Amorous dalliances Love affaires Diversitie several Tunes Cheats c. are most concerned V VERMILION or Red-Lead was first found in Ephesus by Gallus an Athenian This colour was in Rome esteemed for Holy insomuch that on their Feastival dayes they Painted the Face of Jupiters Image with it and the Bodies of them that Triumphed Uows the custome of making of them was borrowed from the Hebrews which used to make Vows to God and divers other Countreys of the Gentles more blindly used to make such Vows to their false Gods Uoyces which were used to be given in great consultations Judgments and Elections were first ordained by Palamedes W WRITING after the manner of the Aegyptians was instead of Letters by Herogliphicks to make use of the Images of Beasts Birds c declaring their minds by the shapes and figures of them As by the Bee they signified a King Ruling his Commons and Subjects with great moderation and gentleness by the Goshauk they meant a speedy performance of their affaires and so for other things Watches and Wardings were first appointed by Palamedes Watch-words were first used in the Battell of Troy at the same time when Simon found out Beacons and Fires Wine which proceeds from the Vine Diodorus writes that Dionysius did first perceive the nature of it and taught the Grecians to Plant it and to
Urbane stirred up the Christians to make a Voyage into Asia at which time Jerusalem was recovered Prreaching or the first Sermon was by Moses when he had received the Ten Commandments he then assembled the people together and acquainted them with the will of God St. John the Baptist preached in the Wilderness of Jury and so did our Saviour himself and gave Authority to the Apostles and Disciples by special Commandment to do the same Prisons Fetters Stocks Gines Staves with the like Instruments to punish Malefactors Ancus Martius as Livy saith did first appoint them to keep men in Fear and good Order R RHETORICK Diodorus saith was invented by Mercury But Aristotle affirms that Epedocles was the first Author of the Oratorial Art We may be sure that not long after men were Formed they received from God the use of Speech wherein when they perceived some words to be profitable and some to be hurtful in uttering of them they appointed and compiled an Art of Speech or communication called Rhetorick Rome was the Seat of Eloquence where it was never forbidden but in process of time as it was found to be profitable honest was had in such high estimation and so many partly for their defence Glory and Ambition employed their studies in it with such earnest endeavours that very many of the Commonalty were promoted into the degree of Senatours and atchieved much honour by it Cornx and Thisias being Sicilians gave the first precepts in Writing of this Science and their Counthey-man Leontinus Gorgias succeeded them Demosthenes was the principal amongst the Grecians amongst the Romans M. Tullius Cicero who had no fellow Now as touching the effect and property of it there are in it as Cicero writes five parts first to invent Matter to speak then for him that is to deliver his speech formally to order his devices next to polish it and furnish it with Elegant terms and choise words and to have his speech and oration in perfect memory and last of all to utter and express it with a comely gesture and posture in such a manner as to delight with the convenient and pleasant treatableness of it which should as it were teach and plainly declare the things and move the passions and affections of the Auditors and Judges either to pitty or favour or if the cause permit or time require to excite them either to mirth or to a grave severity as the occasion shall require In terms of this faculty we make this difference we call him that defendeth matters and pleadeth causes an orator A Rhetorition is he that teacheth and professeth to be a School master in that Art A Declamater he that is employed in feigned causes either for his own exercise or to instruct others therein Reliques were first instituted by Cletus and Anacletus Bishops of Rome who seriously went about to reverence those Martyrs whose innocent Blood was spent for Gods cause To this purpose they appointed a place where the Martyrs should severally have their Sepulchers apart from the Lay People and by decree he was denounced accursed and sacreligious that by word or deed hindred mens devotions from visiting the Tombs of the Apostles Upon this institution Calistus the first Builded a Church beyond Tyber a Church in honour of our Lady and Constantine the Emperour edified to St. Peter St. Paul and St. Lawrence Temples This matter was by Gregory the Saint set forward to encrease Devotion for he appointed the Lettanies of Saints with Ora pro nobis to be sung with Masses on Solemn dayes in the chief Temples of the City promising them that repaired thither at such Solemn Feasts Remission of their Sins by his Pardon Ringing of Bells were first ordained by Sabinianus that the people might be assembled together to hear Divine Service at certain hours of the day and John the 22d decreed that Bells should be tolled every day three times Morning or Evening that every one should say three times the Ave-Maria Royal Ornaments of the Romans were Fardels of Rods the Axe the Garland of Gold the Chaire of Ivory the Kyrtil or Cope Charriots Trapped Horses Mantles of State Embroidered Gowns with all other Royal Apparel the Tuscanes were very early in their choice of rich Habits whom Tarquinius Priscus subdued Rome hath been taken Eight times First by the Gaules under the conduct of Captain Brennus the year of the Foundation of the City 365 and the year of the World 4835 and the year before Christ 364. This Brennus is by the Brittaine and English Chronicles reported to have been a Brittain and Brother to Belinus King of Brittain but neither the Chronicles of Rome nor of Gaule do express any such matter Rome was the Second time taken by Alaricke King of the Gothes after he had held his Seige before it for the space of two years Which befell the year of the Foundation of the City 1164 the year of our Lord 412 and the 25 year of the Emperour Honorius It is written in the Chronicles of Constantinople and in other Histories that as Alarick being a Christian Marched with his Host towards Rome a certain Monke of a Holy Life came to him who having Audience admonished and councelled him to break off that evil purpose and to remember that he was a Christian and that for Gods sake he would moderate his Wrath and that he would not take pleasure in the shedding of Christian Blood since that Rome had not in the least respect offended him unto whom Alricke answered thou must understand Man of God that it proceedeth not of mine own will that I goe against Rome but contrarily I le assure thee that every day there commeth unto me a Man which constraineth and importuneth me thereunto saying unto me hasten thee go against Rome destroy it utterly and make it desolate At which words the Religious Man being astonished durst not reply and so the King persued his enterprise Rome was Thirdly taken by Genserick King of the Vandals the year of the Foundation of the City 1208 the year of Christ 456 who Sacked and Burnt it in many places this was in the Emperour Marcians time Rome was Fourthly taken by Totila King of the Goths who because he could not obtain peace of the Emperour Justinian commanded the Citizins to avoid the City and afterwards burnt and sacked all the whole City defaced the Walls and the Capitol and rendred it almost desolate insomuch that it could never since be repaired according to the first Form although a while after Bellisarius Peopled and repaired a Great part thereof And recalling the old Inhabitants very much Fortifyed and Strengthened the Walls This desolation happened the year after the Foundation of the City 1300 after Christ 548 in the 21st year of the Emperer Justinian Rome was the Fifth time taken by the same Totila King of the Goths after that Belisarius had repeopled and repaired it It was the Sixth time taken by the Moores and Sarazens followers of Mahomet
in his Law which in great Multitudes came into Italy and in the year of our Lord 333 Gregory the Fourth then fitting in Rome and governing the Empire Lewis the First beseiged it took and Sacked the City prophaning the Temple of St. Peter Lading their Ships with Plunder and Prisoners Rome was the Seventh time taken by Henry the Fourth of that name Emperour of Germany Gregory the Seventh then sitting in the Chaire this time Rome was also most cruelly Destroyed by reason that both the Armies of the Pope and the Emperour Skirmished and Fought for a long time within the City and the Capitoll which was then again repaired this was in the year of our Lord 1082 Anthony writes that Rome was very much endamaged at this time also by reason of the lamentable execution performed by the Normans on the Popes side and the Germans for the Emperour Rome was last taken by Charles Duke of Bourboun who being slain as he scaled the Walls at the first Assault the Souldiers being without a head in revenge committed all manner of Enormities and Barbarous cruelties saving that they burnt not the Churches though they spoiled and robbed them without any consideration of their Holiness For a great part of the Army were Germans and most of the Germans Lutherians this ruine happened in the year of our Saviour 1527 Clement the Seventh then sitting in the Chair S A SATYRE is a Poem that sharply rebuketh Vice not regarding of any Persons There are two kinds of Satyrs the one which was both amongst the Greeks and Romans in Antient times used for the diversity of Meters much like a Comedy but that it is more wanton Demetrius of Tharsus and one Menipus a bond-man whom Marcus Varro did counterfeit were expert in this way of writing The Second manner of Writing of Satyres was railing only ordained to enveigh against Vice they were devised of the Romans upon this occasion When the Poets that wrote the old Comedies used to handle for their Arguments not only feigned matters but also things really done which although at the first was tollerable yet afterwards by reason that they were so sharp and bitter against every one that they pleased to have a fling at there was a Law made that no man should afterwards reprehend any person by name The Romans in the place of these Comedies substituted such Satyres as they had newly invented afterwards began the new Comedi which concernes generally all men of mean estat and hath less bitterness and railing but is more pleasant and full of pastime for the Auditors Of these Comedies Menander and Philemon were Authors who abated of the tartness and crabbedness of the old writings of them Caecilus Nevius Plautus and Terentius learned to compile Comedies although as Quintilian will have it they never arrived to the least proportion of their Patrons because as he writes they never attained to the least proportion of their Patrons because the Latin tongue is not so fit to receive the Ornaments of Eloquence as the Greek tongue is The Satyres had the names of Barbarian Gods that were Rude Lascivious and Wanton in behaviour In this form of writing Lucilius Horatius Persius Juvanal were the most eminent The Twelve Sybils the First was of Persia named Samberta or Persica She amongst other Prophesies said The Wombe of the Virgin shall be the Salvation of the Gentiles The Second was of Lybica one of her Prophesyes was The day shall come that men shall see the King of all living things and a Virgin Lady of the World shall hold him in her Lap. The Third was Themis surnamed Delphica for that she was Born and Prophesied at Delphos Her Predictions was A Prophet shall be Born of a Virgin The Fourth was Cumaea born at Cimeria a City of Campania in Italy she Prophesied that God should be Born of a Virgin and converse amongst Sinners The Eifth was Famous Erythrea who had her Birth at Babylon who more especially Prophesied a great part of our Christian Religion in certain Verses recited by Eusebius the first Letters of every of which Verses being put together make the words Jesus Christ Son of God Saviour These Verses were Translated into Latine by St. Austine Lib. 18. and the 23 in his Book de Cinitate Dei the substance whereof followeth The Earth shall sweat the signs of Judgment From Heaven shall come a King which shall Reign for ever that is to say in humane Flesh to the end that by his presence he shall judge the World so the unfaithful as well as the faithful shall see God with their eyes aloft amongst his Saints and in the end of the World the Souls of Men with their Bodies shall appear whom he shall judge when the roundness of the Earth untiled shall be full of Clods of Earth and Grass Men shall cast away their Idols and all their precious Jewels the World shall be consumed with fire he shall peirce the inferiour parts and break the Gates of Hell then to the flesh of Saints shall be given free and clear Light and the evil shall be burned with Eternal fire all Secrets shall be opened and every one shall know the secret of his Neighbour and God shall discover the Consciences and Hearts of all men then shall there be Lamentation and gnashing of Teeth the Sun and the Stars shall loose their Light the Firmament shall be dissolved and the Moon shall be darkned the Mountains shall be thrown down and the Valleys shall be made equal with them there shall be nothing in the World higher then another Mountains and Valleys shall be made plain all things shall cease and the Earth shall be dryed unto powder and dust the Fountains and Rivers shall be burned likewise Then shall a Trumpet sound from Heaven Divers other things were Prophesied by this Sybil and because they were obscure and therefore not to be comprehended by the Gentiles before they came to pass she said they shall think me a false and blind Prophetess but when that they shall see these things accomplished they will remember me and call me not false Prophetess but the Prophetess of the Almighty God The Sixt was Samia Born in the Isle of Samos she said he being rich shall be Born of a poor Maid the Creatures of the Earth shall adore him and praise him for ever The Seventh was called Cumana because she prophesied at Cumas a Town of Campania in Italy her prophesie was that he should come from Heaven and reign here in poverty he should Rule in silence and be Born of a Virgin She is affirmed to have Written nine Books of the Sybils they were all presented by an old Woman to Tarquinius Superbus but he not willing to pay so great a Sum of Money as was demanded denied them whereupon the old woman being vexed Burned three of them requiring as much Money for the other six as for all which being denied she also Burned the other three asking as much for
the other three remaining as for the rest which Superbus amazed gave and the old Trot vanished The Books contained manifest prophesies of the Blessessed Kingdome of Christ his Name his Birth and Death they were burned by the Arch Traytour Stilico so that those Prophesies which are now extant are only such as are extracted out of other Writings The Eight was Helle-spontica Born at Marmisea in the Territory of Troy her Prophesie was that a Woman shall descend of the the Jews called Mary and of her shall be Born the Son of God Named Jesus and that without Carnal copulation for she shall be a Virgin before and after his Birth he shall be both God and Man he shall fulfill the Laws of the Jews and shall add his Law thereunto and his Kingdome shall remain for ever The ninth was of Phrygia and Prophesied in the Town of Ancire one-of her sayings were The Highest shall come from Heaven and shall confirm the Counsell in Heaven and a Virgin shall be shewed in the Valley of the Desarts The tenth was Albunea Surnamed Tyburtina because she was Born at Tyber Fifteen Miles from Rome her Prophesies was that the invisible Word shall be Born of a Virgin he shall converse amongst Sinners and shall of them be despised Lactantius Finuianus rehearsed divers of their Prophesies without making any particular mention of them it is the opinion of some that they are to be referred more especially to Sibylla Samberta who Wrote Twenty-four Books in Verse chiefly Treating of the comming miracles and life of Christ whereunto the sayings of all the other Sybils are conformable St. Austine likewise in his Twenty-third Chapter of his Book de Cinitate dei reciteth these Prophesies as followeth Then he shall be taken by the wicked hands of the Infidels and they shall give him Buffets on his Face with their sacrelegious Hands they shall Spit upon him with foul and accursed Mouths He shall turn unto them his Shoulders suffering them to be whipped yea he shall hold his peace not speaking one word to the end that none shall know from whence his Words proceed He shall also be Crowned with Thorns and they shall give him Gall to eat and Vinegar to drink Behold the Feast that they shall make him insomuch that the ignorant and blind People shall nevertheless not know their God conversing amongst Men But they shall Crown him with Thorns mingling for him Gall and Vinegar then the Vaile of the Temple shall be rent at Mid-day it shall be dark Night for the space of three hours So the Just shall dye the Death and this Death or Sleep shall continue three dayes and when he shall have been in the Bowels of the Earth he shall rise again and return to Life Lactantius Lib. 4. Chap. 15. rehearseth these Prophesies of them He shall raise the Dead the Impotent and Lame shall walk and run nimbly the Deaf shall hear and the Blind shall see the Dumb shall speak and that with five Loaves and two Fishes he should nourish in the Desart Five-thousand men and the fragments thereof should be sufficient to satisfy many more Many other things were foretold by these Sybils as well of the ruins of great States as of what they predicted of Christ The Eleventh they called Epyrotica some were of opinion that she should be the same that Phrigia was she came from Troas to Dodona where she Prophesied and was like the other denominated from the place others write that she was called Phaenni so writes Johannes Tsetses she Prophesied that the true word should proceed from a Virgin how he should willingly come down from Heaven and seem poor to the World yet should govern all things whose Rule and Kingdom should never cease and that he should be both God Man and that this his Kingdom should principally reside in the Souls of Men whom he would govern and save to another life thus Laelius Cleophassis and others affirm Colophonia Lampusia was the Twelfth she came out of Greece from Colophonia a City of Jonia she Prophesied of the changes of Kingdoms and Inundations Earth-quakes and of Wars she said that God was only to be adored that he was angry at Vice and punished it that he did delight in holy and upright men She Prophesied also that the whole World should be Burnt and wished them to adore that God while they lived here which could punish them so severely hereafter for their contempt The First Ship which was called the Arke Noah made wherein he preserved from the danger of the Water all the Living Creatures that were to multiply the World and that was the first Pattern that all others made their Ships after Strabo Writes that Minos King of Creet had the first Rule of the Sea but Diodorus affirms that Neptune had the Empire of it before him for he invented the feat of Rowing in Boats and gave directions as to the making of a Navy and was made Admiral of it by his Father Saturn Pliny reports that King Erichthr as first devised Boats and Rowed in them in the Red-Sea some Write that the Trojans used them first in the Narrow Seas called Hellespontus some imagine that they were invented in the English Sea and covered with Leather and Hides of Beast Danaus was the first that used any Ship when he Sailed out of Aegypt into Greece as Pliny recordeth although some suppose it to be the Samotracians and some Atlas that found it Jason made the first Galley which Sesostrias King of Aegypt used after him Aeytheus invented the Barge with two order of Oars on a side Amocles of Corinth that with three course of Oars on a side the Carthaginians that with four Oars on a side and Nesichthon of Salamis that with sive Oars on a side which the Romans made in the first Punick Battell Zinagoras a Syracissan devised that with six rows of Oars Hippius a Tyrian conceived the making of the Lighter The Cyrenians invented the Hoy or Gallion The Phenicians the Keel or Demy-Bark The Rhodians the Brigantine The Cyprians compleated the Bark The Germans the Boats of one piece The Illyrians the Cock-Boat or Lighters Rhudders were invented by the Copians the broad Oars the Plateans devised Sails Icarus found the use of but Diodorus saith it was Aeolus Daedalus invented the Mast and the Cross-piece whereunto the Saile is fastned Ferry-Boats the Athenians or the Salaminians are said to have found Close Galleys were invented by the Thasians The Tyrrhenes devised the Anchors and Eupalamus made it with two points of Teeth but some refer it to Anacharsis who also invented the Tackle of a Ship The Stern of a Ship Piseus devised Tiphis found out more perfectly the use of the Stern after the example of the Kite which in her flying turneth all her Body with the turning of her Taile Minos Fought the first Battell on the Sea Merchandise was first instituted to furnish men with Necessaries by way of Exchange but after when Money was
Coined it was made use of more for mens private Wealth then for any common profit and for that cause Cicero calls it a Servile Craft Although Plutarch writes that Thales Solon Hippocrates and Plato were occupied and employed in this Art The Carthaginians as Pliny expresses in his seventh Book were very early in it but Diodorus will have Mercury to be the first that was cunning in it Pliny in his tenth Book saith that Liber otherwise called Dionysius invented the Trade of Merchandise And therefore it may be imagined that the Carthaginians Learned the Trade of Merchandise of Dionysius But the Hebrews as Josephus affirms used Buying and Selling in the time of Noah and Joseph was Sold to Merchants and carried into Aegypt Saluting with Kisses this custome is very Antient for it was the manner of the Hebrews to kiss strangers at their first meeting as Jacob kissed Rachel before he expressed that he was of her kindred and Laban after he knew him to be his Sisters Son embraced him with his Arms and kissed him The Romans custome was to kiss their kinsfolk but afterwards it was extended to further familiarity and is now too often used Laciviously Although in Rome it was an Ordinance that the women should kiss their kindred 〈◊〉 that if she had drank any 〈…〉 to the Law made 〈…〉 drinking of Wine by 〈…〉 might be discovered and 〈…〉 her intemperance 〈…〉 proceedeth from Worms the Spinning and Weaving of it Pamphila the Daughter of Platis devised in the Isle of Coos The Septemviri or the Seven Electors of the Emperour of Germany and of the Peeres or Paires of France The Election of the Emperours of Germany is in the manner following the Seven Princes Electors called Septemviri meet early about fix of the clock in the Romanco there they Consult untill nine from thence they go in solemn order into St. Bartholomews of them there are three Ecclesiastical and and four Temporal the three Ecclesiastical that is to say the Arch-Bishop of Mentz called the Arch-Chancellor of High Germany being the first next the Arch-Bishop of Collen called the Arch-Chancellor of Italy and then follows the Arch-Bishop of Tryers called the Arch Chancellor of France all in their State befitting so great a Majesty Then the four Temporal that is to say the Marquess of Brandenburg great Chamberlaine of the Empire with a Massy Key of Gould then the Duke of Saxony Lord high Marshall beareth the Sword before the Emperour and is likewise Arch-Sewer in carring the Plate to the Table then the Elector of Bohemia the Taster or else Cup-Bearer to the Emperour for the Triumph These are the only Electors of the Emperour they afterwards descend from their seats and there before the Audience take a Solemn Oath one after another in these following words I doe Swear upon this Evangelist before me that with all my Faith which I owe to God my diligence and care which I owe to the Emperour without former reward or future hope of greater Honour that I will chuse with all my Faith and Truth a Just and fit Man for the Kingdome of Rome as much as in me Lyeth After these and many other ceremonies they proclaim him King of the Romans Heire of Augustus and Emperour of Germany In the Realm of France to be a Peer is the greatest Dignity under the King for that in many things they have allmost equal Authority with Kings for Peer in the French tongue signifyeth equal But because it will be too pro lixe a subject to discourse of all their Prerogatives it shall suffice only to number them and each of their Offices at the Sacring or Coronation of a new King These antient Peers are twelve in number whereof 6 are of the Clergy six are Lay-men the 6 of the Clergy with their offices at the Coronation are the Arch-Bishop Duke of Reins who hath his accustomed charge to anoint and consecrate the King the Bishop Duke of Lacon whose office is to bring the holy Ampoule or divine Water wherewith the King is anointed the Bishop Duke of Langres whose office is to bring the Scepter the hand of Justice the Bishop and Earl of Beanais bringeth the Kings Cloak the Bishop Earl of Chaalous attendeth with the Kings Ring the Bishop Earl of Noyon waites with the Kings Girdle The six Temporal Peers with their Offices at the Coronation are the Duke of Burgundy Dean or chief of the rest whose Office is to carry the Kings Crown the Duke of Guyen carries the 1 st square Banner the Duke of Normandy brings the 2d square Banner the Earl of Tholouse carries the Kings Spurs the Earl of paigne hath the mannagement of the Royal Banner or the Standard of War the Earl of Flanders bringeth the Kings Sword And although the first five temporall Peerdoms are united to the Crown and the sixt be united to another Prince yet at the Kings Coronation there are other Noble men appointed to supply their roome and Offices These are the twelve antient Peers although since their creation others have been made which though they have like Authority to judge in the Court of Parliament yet they want Offices at the Kings Coronatian and bear not that Majesty that the other Peers doe for that they are not of so great Antiquity A Sanctuary as Statius writes was made first by Hercules Nephews in Athens and was called the Temple of Mercy For then it was not lawfull to take any man violently that repaired thither for Assistance and Protection Notwithstanding whatsoever is otherwise expressed by Prophane Authors questionless Moses who was long before Hercules did institute three Franchised Towns whether it was permitted for them to go that had done any Murther unawares or by Chance-Medly Next after him Romulus ordained a Sanctuary in Rome to increase his Citizens and to have the greater number to build and people the City There was a Sanctuary in the Isle Calvaria dedicated to Neptune and another in Aegypt at Campus consecrated to Hercules and another at Osyris and in Syria one hallowed to Appollo There were many others in Christendome King Henry the 8 th amongst his other reformations because of the great crimes and enormities that were commited concerning them thought fit amongst his other devastations to put them down Swearing was first ordained by the Emperour Justinian which was that men should swear by the Sacred Writ the Gospell and now a dayes all that swear lay their hand upon the Book and kiss it saying So help me God c. Because as the Gospell of our Religion and Faith may for no cause be violated so an Oath in no case may be broken T TEMPLES or as they were afterwards called Churches as Diogenes supposeth were caused first to be built by Epimenides in Crete But Victruvius affirmeth that one Ptthius a Carpenter made the first Temple in Prienc in the Honour of Pallas Herodotus saith the Aegyptians Instituted Temples first In Rome Romulus