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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42668	The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ...; Historie of foure-footed beasts	Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625?; Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625? Historie of serpents.; Gesner, Konrad, 1516-1565. Historia animalium Liber 1. English.; Gesner, Konrad, 1516-1565. Historia animalium Liber 5. English.; Moffett, Thomas, 1553-1604. Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum. English.; Rowland, John, M.D.	1658 (1658)	Wing G624; ESTC R6249	1,956,367	1,026

Wart they then set fire on it and so burn it to ashes and by this way and order the Warts are eradicated that they never after grow again Marcellus Empiricus taketh Spiders webs that are found in the Cypresse tree mixing them with other convenient remedies so giving them to a podagrical person for the asswaging of his pain Against the pain of a hollow tooth Galen in his first Book De Compos medicam secundum loca much commendeth by testimony of Archigenes the Egges of Spiders being tempered and mixed with Oleum Nardinum and so a little of it being put into the tooth In like sort Kiramides giveth Spiders egges for the curation of a Tertian Ague Whereupon we conclude with Galen in his Book to Piso that Nature as yet never brought forth any thing so vile mean and contemptible in outward shew but that it hath manifold and most excellent and necessary uses if we would shew a greater diligence and not be so squeamish as to refuse those wholesome medicines which are easie to be had and without great charges and travail acquired I will add therefore this one note before I end this discourse that Apes Marmosets or Monkies the Serpents called Lizards the Stellion which is likewise a venomous Beast like unto a Lizard having spots in his neck like unto stars Wasps and the little beast called Ichneumon Swallows Sparrows the little Titmouse and Hedge-sparrows do often feed full favourly upon Spiders Besides if the Nightingale the Prince of all singing Birds do eat any Spiders she is clean freed and healed of all diseases whatsoever In the days of Alexander the Great there dwelled in the City of Alexandria a certain young maid which from her youth up was fed and nourished only with eating of Spiders and for the same cause the King was premonished not to come neer her lest peradventure he might be infected by her poysonous breath or by the venom evaporated by her sweating Albertus likewise hath recorded in his writings that there was a certain noble young Virgin dwelling at Colen in Germany who from her tender years was fed only with Spiders And thus much we English men have known that there was one Henry Lilgrave living not many years since being Clerk of the Kitchen to the right Noble Ambrose Dudley Earl of Warwick who would search every corner for Spiders and if a man had brought him thirty or forty at one time he would have eaten them all up very greedily such was his desirous longing after them Of the STELLION THey are much deceived that confound the green Lizard or any other vulgar Lizard for because the Stellion hath a ru 〈…〉 colour and yet as Matthiolus writeth seeing Aristotle hath left recorded that there are venomous Stellions in Italy he thinketh that the little white Beast with stars on the back found about the City of Rome in the walls and ruines of old houses and is there called Tarantula is the Stellion of which he speaketh and there it liveth upon Spiders Yet that there is another and more noble kinde of Stellion 〈…〉 iently so called of the learned shall afterward appear in the succeeding discourse This Beast or Serpent is called by the Grecians Colottes Ascalobtes and Galeotes and such a one was that which Aristophanes faigneth from the side of a house eased her belly into the mouth of Socrates as he gaped when in a Moon-shine night he observed the course of the stars and motion of the Moon The reason of this Greek name Ascalabotes is taken from Ascalos a circle because it appeareth on the back full of such circles like stars as writeth Perottus Howbeit that seemeth to be a faigned Etymologie and therefore I rather take it that Ascala signifieth impurity and that by reason of the uncleannesse of this beast it was called Ascalabates or as Suidas deriveth it of Colobates because by the help and dexterity of the fingers it climbeth up the walls even as Rats and Mice or as Kiramides will have it from Calos signifying a piece of wood because it climbeth upon wood and trees And for the same reason it is called Galeotes because it climbeth like a Weasil but at this day it is vulgarly called among the Grecians Liakoni although some are also of opinion that it is also known among them by the words Thamiamithos and Psammamythe Among the vulgar Hebrews it is sometimes called Letaah and sometimes Semmamit as Munster writeth The Arabians call it Sarnabraus and Senabras a Stellion of the Gardens And peradventure Guarill Guasemabras Alurel and Gnases And Sylvaticus also useth Epithets for a Stellion And the general Arabian word for such creeping biting things is Vasga which is also rendered a Dragon of the house In stead of Colotes Albertus hath Arcolus The Germans English and French have no words for this Serpent except the Latine word and therefore I was justly constrained to call it a Stellion in imitation of the Latine word As I have shewed some difference about the name so it now ensueth that I should do the like about the nature and place of their abode First of all therefore I must put a difference betwixt the Italian Stellion or Tarentula and the Thracian or Grecian for the stellion of the Ancients is proper to Grecia For they say this Stellion is full of Lentile spots or speckles making a sharp or shrill shrieking noise and is good to be eaten but the other in Italy are not so Also they say in Sicilia that their Stellions inflict a deadly biting but those in Italy cause no great harm by their teeth They are covered with a skin like a shell or thick bark and about their backs there are many little shining spots like eyes from whence they have their names streaming like stars or drops of bright and clear water according to this verse of Ovid Aptumque colori Nomen habet variis Stellatus corpora guttis Which may be Englished thus And like his spotted hiew so is his name The body starred over like drops of rain It moveth but slowly the back and tail being much broader then is the back and tail of a Lizard but the Italian Tarentulaes are white and in quantity like the smallest Lizards and the other Grecian Lizards called at this day among them Haconi is of bright silver colour and are very harmful and angry whereas the other are not so but so meek and gentle as a man may put his fingers into the mouth of it without danger One reason of their white bright shining colour is because they want bloud and therefore it was an error in Sylvaticus to say that they had bloud The teeth of this Serpent are very small and crooked and whensoever they bite they stick fast in the wound and are not pulled forth again except with violence The tail is not very long and yet when by any chance it is broken bitten or cut off then it groweth again They live in houses and neer unto the dores

for us to adde something also to the discourse before recited in the story of the Sheep The Gentiles when they sacrificed a Ram they roasted his intrails upon a spit or broach and there were certain days of Sacrifice called Dies Agonales wherein the principal Ram of every flock after combate or fighting was slain and sacrificed for the safegard of the residue to Janus and others by the King Ita rex placare sacrorum Numina lanigerae conjuge debet Ovis There was at Tanagrum a statue of Mercury carrying a Ram and therefore he is called the Kriophoros Hermes and by that name was worshipped of all the Tanagreans Now there was a cunning workman of Calamis that made that statue for they say that when the City was grievously afflicted with a pestilence Mercury by carrying a Ram about the walls delivered the same and therefore they did not only procure that statue for Mercury but also ordained that every year one of their most beautiful young men should carry a Sheep on his shoulder round about the walls In January they sacrificed to Jupiter a Ram and in February a Weather Pliny writeth a strange Riddle which is this Cinnamomum in Aethiopia gignitur neque metitur nisi permiserit Deus There is Cinamon growing in Aethiopia and yet it is not reaped by men except the God thereof gave permission or leave whereby some understand Jupiter whom they called Sabin and the Latines Assabinus Now Pliny saith that if they had sacrificed forty and four Oxen Buck-goats and Rams with their intrails they purchased leave to gather that Cinamon When the Romans observed their Soli-Taurilia they sacrificed a Bull a Goat a Ram and a Bore but unto Jupiter they held it not lawful to offer a Ram. Ulysses offered to Neptune a Ram a Bull and a Boar and to conclude this discourse of the Rams sacrifices I finde a story worthy the nothing recorded by Paulus Venetus although it be altogether superstitious and full of humane blindeness and error There is a City of Tartary called Sachion the Inhabitants whereof are Mahometans and Idolaters assoon as any of them have a son born be presently commendeth him to one Idols tuition and protection or other and that year together with his young Son he nourisheth a Ram camed in his own house at the years end he offereth his Son and the Ram at the next festival day of that Idoll which he hath chosen that is he presenteth his childe and killeth his Ram with great solemnity and ceremony in the presence of all his kindred friends neighbours and acquaintance and maketh earnest request to that Idoll to protect his son and to guide and govern him all the time of his life and therefore he hangeth up the flesh of that Ram in his presence and afterward they take away again the same flesh and carry it to another private place wherewith the said Father and all the Kindred assembled do make a great and rich feast reserving the bones for religions sake And thus we see how miserable men beguiled with error do not only make shew of false Religion but also play the hypocrites in that which is erroneous thinking it an easie thing to deceive Almighty God Concerning other things of Rams they concur with that which is said already of Sheep in general except their medicinal parts which I will reserve to the due place And herein adde one thing more of the horns of the Rhaetian Rams and in some places of Italy namely that after they be five six or seaven year old they bring forth under their great horns two other little horns and that these Rams are weak of body and have but rough and course wooll In other places if at any time they chance to bear moe horns then two it is prodigious and unnatural And thus much of the Ram. Of the WEATHER-SHEEP ALthough this Beast have all things in common with the Ram aforesaid for he is a male-sheep and in nature differeth not from him but only by the art of man I might very well have confounded and conjoyned his story with the precedent but seeing that all Nations do distinguish him from the Ram because of one property or defect of him for that he is not fit for generation I will follow the stream and not strive against my Authors nor swarve from their method Therefore in Latine it is call'd Vervex quasi versa natura for that his natural seed is changed and turn'd in him for his stones are taken away and so he remaineth libbed and gelded being an Eunuch among Beasts The Grecians call him Krion Tomian that is a gelded Ram for they have not one word to express him The Latines do also call him Sectarius and Festus rendreth this reason thereof Quia eum sequantur agni because the little Lambs love his company and follow him and indeed by reason of his unaptness to generation the Ewes forsake his company and the Rams cannot endure him therefore in stead of other he associateth himself with the Lambs In some parts of Germany they call him Frischling and also Hammel which word seemeth to be derived from the Arabian word Lesan Alhamel a Rams tongue The Italians call him Castrone Castrato and Montone the French Mouton and the Illyrians Beram Concerning the gelding of Rams or making of Weathers I have not much more to say then that which is already expressed in the general tractate of the Sheep and for the manner I do refer the Reader not only to that part but also to the discourse of the Calf and Oxe wherein I trust he shall finde satisfaction for this point whether he will do it by a knife by reed by finger or by hammer for all those ways are in differently proponed The best time for the gelding of Rams ought to be in the wane or decrease of the Moon at five months old so as he may neither be troubled with extremity of cold or heat And if it be not libbed at that age but prolonged till two three or four year old we have shewed already the English manner for knitting of Rams Being thus libbed or knit their horns grow not so great as the other males ungelded but their flesh and lard or sewet is more acceptable then of any other Sheep whatsoever except they be over old for that it is neither so moist as a Lambs nor yet so ranck as a Rams or Ewes whence Baptista Fiera made these verses Anniculus placeat vel si sine testibus agnus Pinguior est haedo quin calet ●lla vores Hunc amo si duri per pascua montis anhelat Maluero si auri vellere dives erit Platina also writeth thus of the flesh of Weathers Vervecum caro satis salubris est melior quam agnina calida enim humida habetur ad temperamentum tendens illa vero plus humiditatis quam calidit●tis habet That is to say The flesh of Weathers is wholesome enough