marchandize to be vsed and continued by our subiects within his sayd dominions whereby we perceiue and finde that both many good actions haue beene done and performed and hereafter are likely continually to be done and performed for the peace of Christendome Namely by the reliefe and discharge of many Christians which haue beene and which hereafter may happen to be in thraldome and bondage vnder the sayde Grand Signor and his vassals or subiects And also good and profitable vent and vtterance of the commodities of our Realme and sundrie other great benefites to the aduancement of our honour and dignitie Royall the maintenance of our Nauie the encrease of our customes and the reuenues of our Crowne and generally the great wealth of our whole Realme And whereas we are enformed of the sayd Edward Osborne knight William Hareborne and Richard Staper that George Barne Richard Martine Iohn Harte knights and other marchants of our sayd Citie of London haue by the space of eight or nine yeeres past ioyned themselues in companie trade and traffike with them the sayd Edward Osborne knight William Hareborne and Richard Staper into the sayde dominions of the sayd great Turke to the furtherance thereof and the good of the Realme And whereas â—urther it is made knowen vnto vs that within fewe yeeres now past our louing and good subiects Thomas Cordall Edward Holmeden William Garraway and Paul Banning and sundry other marchants of our said Citie of London haue likewise at their great costes and charges builded and furnished diuerse good and seruiceable shippes and therewith to their like costs and charges haue traded and frequented and from time to time doe trade and frequent and traffike by sea with the commodities of our Realme to Venice Zante Candie and Zephalonia and other the dominions of the Segniorie and State of Venice and thereby haue made and mainteyned and doe make and continually maintaine diuers good shippes with mariners skilfull and â—itte and necessarie for our seruice and doe vent out of our Realme into those partes diuerse commodities of our Realme and returne hither into our sayde Realme many good and necessarie commodities for the common wealth thereof All which traffike as well inward as outward vntill it hath beene otherwise brought to passe by the sayde endeuours costs and charges of our sayde subiects was in effect by our subiectes wholy discontinued Knowe yee that hereupon we greatly tendring the wealth of our people and the encouragement of them and other our louing subiects in their good enterprises for the aduancement of lawfull traffike to the benefite of our common wealth haue of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion giuen and graunted and by these presents for vs our heyres and successours doe giue and grount vnto our sayd trustie and welbeloued subiectes Edwarde Osborne Knight George Barne Knight George Bonde knight Richard Martine knight Iohn Harte knight Iohn Hawkins knight William Massam Iohn Spencer Richard Saltonstall Nicholas Mosley Aldermen of our sayde Citie of London William Hareborne Edwarde Barton William Borrough Esquires Richard Staper Thomas Cordall Henrie Paruis Thomas Laurence Edwarde Holmeden William Garraway Robert Dowe Paul Banning Roger Clarke Henrie Anderson Robert Offley Philip Grimes Andrewe Banning Iames Staper Robert Sadler Leonarde Power George Salter Nicholas Leate Iohn Eldred William Shales Richard May William Wilkes Andrewe Fones Arthur Iackson Edmund Ansell Ralph Ashley Thomas Farrington Roberte Sandie Thomas Garraway Edwarde Lethlande Thomas Dalkins Thomas Norden Robert Baâ—e Edward Sadler Richard Darsall Richard Martine Iunior Ralph Fitch Nicholas Pearde Thomas Simons and Francis Dorrington that they and euery of them by the name of Gouernour and company of Marchants of the Leuant shall from hence foorth for the terme of twelue yeeres next ensuing the date hereof bee one bodie fellowshippe and companie of themselues both in deede and in name And them by the name of Gouernour and companie of marchantes of the Leuant wee doe ordayne incorporate name and declare by these presentes and that the same fellowshippe and companie from hence foorth shall and may haue one Gouernour And in consideration that the sayde Edwarde Osborne Knight hath beene of the chiefe setters foorth and actors in the opening and putting in practise of the sayde trade to the dominions of the sayde Gand Signor Wee doe therefore specially make ordaine and constitute the sayde Edwarde Osborne Knight to bee nowe Gouernour during the time of one whole yeere nowe next following if hee so long shall liue And after the expiration of the sayde yeere or decease of the sayde Edward Osborne the choyse of the next Gouernour and so of euery Gouernour from time to time during the sayde terme of twelue yeeres to be at the election of the sayde fellowshippe or companie of marchantes of the Leuant or the more part of them yeerely to be chosen and that they the sayde Sir Edwarde Osborne and all the residue of the sayde fellowshippe or companie of Marchantes of the Leuant and euerie of them and all the sonnes of them and of euery of them and all such their apprentises and seruants of them and of euery of them which haue beene or hereafter shall be imployed in the sayde trade by the space of foure yeeres or vpwardes by themselues their seruantes factors or deputies shall and may by the space of twelue yeeres from the day of the date of these our letters Patents freely traffike and vse the trade of Marchandize as well by sea as by lande into and from the dominions of the sayde Grand Signor and into and from Venice Zante Candie and Zephalonia and other the dominions of the Signiorie and State of Venice and also by lande through the Countries of the sayde Grand Signor into and from the East India lately discouered by Iohn Newberie Ralph Fitch William Leech and Iames Storie sent with our letters to that purpose at the proper costs and charge of the sayde Marchants or some of them and into and from euerie of them in such order manner forme libertie and condition to all intentes and purposes as shall be betweene them of the sayde fellowshippe or companie of Marchantes of the Leuant or the more part of them for the time being limited and agreed and not otherwise without any molestation impeachment or disturbance any lawe statute vsage or diuersitie of Religion or faith or any other cause or matter whatsoeuer to the contrarie notwithstanding And that the sayde Gouernour and companie of Marchantes of the Leuant or the greater part of them for the better gouernement of the sayde fellowshippe and companie shall and may within fortie dayes next and immediatly following after the date heereof and so from thence foorth yeerely during the continuance of this our graunt assemble themselues in some conuenient place and that they or the greater parte of them being so assembled shall and may elect ordaine nominate and appoint twelue discreete and honest persons of the sayde companie
the English Nation made without the Streight of Gibraltar to the Islands of the Açores of Porto Santo Madera and the Canaries to the kingdomes of Barbary to the Isles of Capo Verde to the Riuers of Senega Gambra Madrabumba and Sierra Leona to the coast of Guinea and Benin to the Isles of S. Thomé and Santa Helena to the parts about the Cape of Buona Esperanza to Quitangone neere Mozambique to the Isles of Comoro and Zanzibar to the citie of Goa beyond Cape Comori to the Isles of Nicubar Gomes Polo and Pulo Pinaom to the maine land of Malacca and to the kingdome of Iunsalaon ¶ By RICHARD HACKLVYT Preacher and sometime Student of Christ-Church in Oxford Imprinted at London by George Bishop Ralph Newbery and Robert Barker ANNO 1599. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE Sir Robert Cecil Knight principall Secretarie to her Maiestie master of the Court of Wardes and Liueries and one of her Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsell RIght honorable hauing newly finished a Treatise of the long Voyages of our Nation made into the Leuant within the Streight of Gibraltar from thence ouer-land to the South and Southeast parts of the world all circumstances considered I found none to whom I thought it fitter to bee presented then to your selfe wherein hauing begun at the highest Antiquities of this realme vnder the gouernment of the Romans next vnder the Saxons and thirdly since the conquest vnder the Normans I haue continued the histories vnto these our dayes The time of the Romans affoordeth small matter But after that they were called hence by â—orren inuasions of their Empire and the Saxons by degrees became lords in this Iland and shortly after receiued the Christian faith they did not onely trauell to Rome but passed further vnto Ierusalem and therewith not contented Sigelmus bishop of Shireburne in Dorcetshire caried the almes of king Alfred euen to the Sepulcher of S. Thomas in India which place at this day is called Maliapor and brought from thence most fragrant spices and rich iewels into England which iewels as William of Malmesburie in two sundry treatises writeth were remaining in the aforesayd Cathedrall Church to be seene euen in his time And this most memorable voyage into India is not onely mentioned by the aforesayd Malmesburie but also by Florentius Wigorniensis a graue and woorthy Author which liued before him and by many others since and euen by M. Foxe in his first volume of his Acts and Monuments in the life of king Alfred To omit diuers other of the Saxon nation the trauels of Alured bishop of Worcester through Hungarie to Constantinople and so by Asia the lesse into Phoenicia and Syria and the like course of Ingulphus not long afterward Abbot of Croiland set downe particularly by himselfe are things in mine opinion right worthy of memorie After the comming in of the Normans in the yeere 1096 in the reigne of William Rufus and so downward for the space of aboue 300 yeeres such was the ardent desire of our nation to visite the Holy land and to expell the Saracens and Mahumetans that not only great numbers of Erles Bishops Barons and Knights but euen Kings Princes and Peeres of the blood Roiall with incredible deuotion courage and alacritie intruded themselues into this glorious expedition A sufficient proofe hereof are the voiages of prince Edgar the nephew of Edmund Ironside of Robert Curtois brother of William Rufus the great beneuolence of king Henry the 2. and his vowe to haue gone in person to the succour of Ierusalem the personall going into Palestina of his sonne king Richard the first with the chiualrie wealth and shipping of this realme the large contribution of king Iohn and the trauels of Oliuer Fitz-Roy his sonne as is supposed with Ranulph Glanuile Erle of Chester to the siege of Damiata in AEgypt the prosperous voyage of Richard Erle of Cornwall elected afterward king of the Romans and brother to Henry the 3 the famous expedition of prince Edward the first king of the Norman race of that name the iourney of Henry Erle of Derbie duke of Hereford and afterward king of this realme by the name of Henry the 4 against the citie of Tunis in Africa and his preparation of ships and gallies to go himselfe into the Holy land if he had not on the sudden bene preuented by death the trauel of Iohn of Holland brother by the mothers side to king Richard the 2 into those parts All these either Kings Kings sonnes or Kings brothers exposed themselues with inuincible courages to the manifest hazard of their persons liues and liuings leauing their ease their countries wiâ—es and children induced with a Zelous deuotion and ardent desire to protect and dilate the Christian faith These memorable enterprises in part concealed in part scattered and for the most part vnlooked after I haue brought together in the best Method and breuitie that I could deuise Whereunto I haue annexed the losse of Rhodes which although it were originally written in French yet maketh it as honourable and often mention of the English natioÌ„ as of any other Christians that serued in that most violent siege After which ensueth the princely promise of the bountifull aide of king Henry the 8 to Ferdinando newly elected king of Hungarie against Solyman the mortall enemie of Christendome These and the like Heroicall intents and attempts of our Princes our Nobilitie our Clergie our Chiualry I haue in the first place exposed and set foorth to the view of this age with the same intention that the old Romans set vp in wax in their palaces the Statuas or images of their worthy ancestors whereof Salust in his treatise of the warre of Iugurtha writeth in this maner Saepe audiui ego Quintum maximum Publium Scipionem praeterea ciuitatis nostrae praeclaros viros solitos ita dicere cum maiorum imagines intuerentur vehementissimè animum sibi ad virtutem accendi Scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere sed memoria rerum gestarum flammam eam egregijs viris in pectore crescere neque prius sedari quà m virtus eorum famam gloriam adaequauerit I haue often heard quoth he how Quintus maximus Publius Scipio and many other worthy men of our citie were woont to say when they beheld the images and portraitures of their ancestors that they were most vehemently inflamed vnto vertue Not that the sayd wax or portraiture had any such force at all in it selfe but that by the remembring of their woorthy actes that flame was kindled in their noble breasts and could neuer be quenched vntill such time as their owne valure had equalled the fame and glory of their progenitors So though not in wax yet in record of writing haue I presented to the noble courages of this English Monarchie the like images of their famous predecessors with hope of like effect in their posteritie And here by the way if any man shall think
quae omnes supplices exaudite dignata est supplicatione Regis Polonie non accepta iterùm in regem Polonie exercitum suum mittere Creatoris omnipotentis auxilio regnum eius subuertere constituerat Verum Legato Serenitatis vestre in porta beata fulgida Caesareae celsitudinis residente sese interponente Et quòd Serenitati vestre ex partibus Poloniae fruges puluis arbores nauiuÌ„ tormenta alia necessaria suppeditarentur significante pacem pro regno rege Poloniae petente neuâ— regnum Poloniae ex parte Caesareae celsitudinis turbaretur vel infestaretur intercedente Serenitatisque vestrae hane singularem esse voluntatem exponente Legati serenitatis vestrae significatio intercessio cùm Caesaree celsitudini â—ignificata fuisset In â—auorem serenitatis vestrae cui omnis honos gratia debetur iuxta modum predictum vt Cosacifacinorosi exquirantur poena perfecta puniantur aut ratione muneris aliquantuli eorum delicta coÌ„donentur hac inquam conditione literae Cesareae celsitudinis ad Regem Poloniae sunt datae Si autem ex parte Serenitatis vestre foedus pax sollicitata non fuisset nulla ratione Caesarea celsitudo foedus cum regno Polonie inijsset In fauorem autem Serenitatis vestrae regno Regi Poloniae singularem gratiam Caesarea celsitudo exhibuit Quod tà m Serenitas vestra quà m etiam Rex regnum Polonie sibi certò persuadere debent Serenitatem vestram benè foelicissiméque valere cupimus Datum Constantinopoli in fine mensis Sabaum nuncupati Anno prophetae nostri sacrati Maâ—umedi nongentesimo nonagesimo octauo IESV vero Anno millesimo quingentesimo nonagesimo die duodecimo mensis Iunij The same in English MOst glorious and the most resplendent of women most select Princesse most gratious Elizabeth Queene of the valiant followers of Iesus in the famous kingdom of England most wise gouernesse of all the affaires and businesses of the people and family of the Nazarens most sweet fountaine of brightnesse and glory most acceptable cloud of raine inheritresse Ladie of the blessednesse and glory of the renowmed kingdome of England to whom in humble wise all men offer their petitions wishing of the almightie Creator most happie increase and prosperous successe vnto all your Maiesties affaires and actions and offering vp mutuall perpetuall vowes worthy of our familiarity with eternall prayses In most friendly manner we signifie vnto your princely Highnesse that certaine yeeres past the most mightie Cesarlike maiestie of the Grand Signor waged vnspeakeable warres with Casul-bas the Prince of the Persians in regarde of which warres he would not goe in battell against any other places and for that cause certaine theeues in the partes of Polonia called Cosacks and other notorious persons liuing in the same partes ceased not to trouble and molest the subiects of our most mightie Emperour But now hauing finished and brought to some good issue his affaires in Persia determining to punish the saide malefactors of Poland and for that purpose committing an army vnto the Beglerbeg of Grecia and the yeere last past sending his imperiall commaundement vnto the Prince of the Tartars he hath forraged molested and layed waste some part of the kingdome of Poland and the Cosacks and other notorious offenders haue receiued condigue punishment Which the king of Poland perceiuing sent two Embassadours to his imperiall Highnesse signifying that he would hunt out the said malefactors and inflict most seuere punishments vpon them and also that he would better his gift which he hath for many yeeres heretofore ordinarily sent vnto the porch of his imperiall Highnesse Howbeit his imperiall maiestie vpon whom the almightie creator hath bestowed so great power and who vouchsafeth to giue eare vnto all humble suppliants reiecting the supplication of the King of Poland determined againe to send his armie against the said king and by the helpe of the Almightie creator vtterly to subuert and ouerthrowe his kingdome But your Maiesties Embassadour resident in the blessed and glorious porch of his imperiall Highnesse interposing himselfe as a mediatour signifying that from the partes of Poland you were furnished with corne gun-powder mastes of ships guns and other necessaries and crauing peace on the behalfe of the kingdome and king of Poland and making intercession that the said king might not be molested nor troubled by the meanes of the Grand Signor declaring that this was your Maiesties most earnest desire so soone as the report and intercession of your Maiesties Embassadour was signified vnto the Grand Signor for your sake vnto whom all honour and fauourable regard is due vpon the condition aforesaid namely that the wicked Cosacks might be sought out and grieuously punished or that their offences might be remitted for the value of some small gift vpon this condition I say the letters of his imperiall Highnesse were sent vnto the king of Poland Howbeit had not this conclusion of league and amitie beene sollicited on the behalfe of your Maiestie his imperiall Highnesse would neuer haue vouchsafed the same vnto the kingdome of Poland But for your Maiesties sake his imperiall Highnesse hath exhibited this so singular a fauour vnto the said king and kingdome of Poland And hereof your Maiestie and the king of Poland ought certainely to be perswaded We wish your Maiestie most happily and well to fare Giuen at Constantinople in the ende of the moneth called SabauÌ„ in the yeare of our sacred prophet Mahomet 998 and in the yeere of Iesus 1590 the 12 of Iune The second letters Patents graunted by the Queenes Maiestie to the Right worshipfull companie of the English Marchants for the Leuant the seuenth of Ianuarie 1592. ELizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Irelande defender of the faith c. To all our Officers ministers and subiects and to all other people aswell within this our Realme of England as else where vnder our obeysance and iurisdiction or otherwise vnto whom these our letters shal be seene shewed or read greeting Where our welbeloued subiects Edward Osborne knight Alderman of our citie of London William Hareborne Esquire and Richard Staper of our saide citie Marchant haue by great aduenture and industrie with their great cost and charges by the space of sundry late yeeres trauelled and caused trauell to be taken aswell by secrete and good meanes as by daungerous wayes and passages both by lande and sea to finde out and set open a trade of marchandize and traffike into the landes Ilandes Dominions and territories of the great Turke commonly called the Grand Signor not before that time in the memorie of any man now liuing knowen to be commonly vsed and frequented by way of marchandize by any the marâ—hantes or other subiectes of vs or our progenitors And also haue by their like good meanes and industrie and great charges procured of the sayde Grand Signor in our name amitie safetie and freedome for trade and traffike of
Any thing in these presents contained to the contrary notwithstanding And our will and pleasure is and hereby wee doe also ordaine that it shall and may bee lawfull to and for the sayde Gouernour and company of marchants of Leuant or the more part of them to admit into and to be of the sayd companie any such as haue bene or shall bee employed as seruants factors or agents in the trade of marchandise by the sayd Leuant seas into any the countries dominions or territories of the sayd Grand Signior or Signiorie or State of Venice according as they or the most part of them shall thinke requisite And where Anthony Ratcliffe Steuen Some and Robert Brooke Aldermen of the saide Citie of London Simon Laurence Iohn Wattes Iohn Newton Thomas Middleton Robert Coxe Iohn Blunt Charles Faith Thomas Barnes Alexander Dansey Richard Aldworth Henry Cowlthirste Caesar Doffie Martine Bonde Oliuer Stile and Nicolas Stile Marchants of London for their abilities and sufficiencies haue bene thought fit to be also of the sayd Company of the saide gouernour and Company of Marchants of Leuant Our will and pleasure and expresse commaundement is and wee doe hereby establish and ordeine that euery such of the same Anthony Radcliffe Steuen Some Robert Brooke Simon Laurence Iohn Wattes Iohn Newton Thomas Midleton Robert Coxe Iohn Blunt Charles Fâ—ith Thomas Barnes Alexander Dansey Richard Aldworth Henry Cowlthirst Caesar Doffie Martine Bonde Oliuer Style and Nicolas Style as shall pay vnto the saide Gouernour and company of Marchants of Leuante the summe of one hundred and thirtie poundes of lawfull English money within two monethes next after the date hereof towards the charges that the same Company haue already bene at in and about the establishing of the sayde trades shall from thencefoorth bee of the same company of Marchants of Leuant as fully and amply and in like maner as any other of that societie or Company Prouided also that wee our heires and successours at any time during the sayd twelue yeeres may lawfully appoynt and authorize two other persons exercising the lawfull trade of marchandize and being fit men to bee of the sayd companie of Gouernour and companie of marchants of Leuant so that the sayd persons to bee nominated or authorized shall aide doe beare and paie such payments and charges touching and concerning the same trade and Companie of marchants of Leuant ratablie as other of the sayd Companie of marchants of Leuant shall and doe or ought to beare and pay and doe also performe and obserue the orders of the sayd Companie allowable by this our graunt as others of the same doe or ought to doe And that such two persons so to bee appoynted by vs our heires or successours shall and may with the sayd Company vse the trade and feate of marchandise aforesayd and all the liberties and priuileges herein before granted according to the meaning of these our letters patents any thing in these our letters patents contained to the contrary notwithstanding Prouided also that if any of the marchants before by these presents named or incorporated to bee of the sayd fellowship of Gouernour and companie of the merchants of Leuant shall not bee willing to continue or bee of the same Companie and doe giue notice thereof or make the same knowen to the sayd Gouernour within two moneths next after the date hereof that then such person so giuing notice shall no further or any longer be of that companie or haue trade into those parties nor be at any time after that of the same corporation or companie or vse trade into any the territories or countries aforesayd Prouided alwayes neuerthelesse that euery such person so giuing notice and hauing at this present any goods or marchandises in any the Territories or countreys of the sayd Grand Signior or Segniorie or State of Venice may at any time within the space of eighteene moneths next and immediately following after the date hereof haue free libertie power and authoritie to returne the same or the value thereof into this Realme without vsing any traffique there but immediately from thence hither paying bearing answering and performing all such charges duetiâ—s and summes of money ratably as other of the same corporation or company doe or shall pay beare answere or performe for the like Prouided also that if any of the persons before by these presents named or incorporated to bee of the sayd fellowship of Gouernour and Companie of the marchants of Leuant or which hereafter shall bee admitted to bee of the sayde Corporation or Companie shall at any time or times hereafter refuse to bee of the sayd Corporation or Companie or to beare pay or be contributorie to or not beare and pay such ratable charges and allowances or to obserue or performe such ordinances to bee made as is aforesayd as other of the same company are or shall bee ordered to beare paie or performe that then it shall and may bee lawfull for the rest of the sayd Gouernour and companie of marchants of Leuant presently to expell remooue and displace euery such person so refusing or not bearing or paying out of and from the sayd Corporation and companie and from all priuilege libertie and preheminence which any such person should or might claime or haue by vertue of this our graunt and in place of them to elect others exercising the lawfull trade of marchandise to bee of the sayd Companie And that euery such person so expelled remooued or displaced by consent of the sayd Gouernour and companie of marchants of Leuant or the more part of them shall bee from thencefoorth vtterly disabled to take any benefite by vertue of this priuilege or any time after to bee admitted or receiued againe into the same any thing in these presents contained to the contrary notwithstanding Prouided alwayes that if it shall hereafter appeare to vs our heires and successours that this graunt or the continuance thereof in the whole or in any part thereof shall not bee profitable to vs our heires and successours or to this our realme that then and from thencefoorth vpon and after eighteene moneths warning to bee giuen to the sayd companie by vs our heires and successours this present graunt shall cease bee voyd and determined to all intents constructions and purposes And further of our speâ—iall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion wee haue condescended and graunted and by these presents for vs our heires and successours doe condescend and graunt to the sayâ—e Gouernour and companie of marchants of Leuant that if at the ende of the sayd terme of twelue yeeres it shall seeme meete and conuenient to the sayde Gouernour and Companie or any the parties aforesayd that this present graunt shall bee continued And if that also it shall appeare vnto vs our heires and successours that the continuance thereof shall not bee preiudiciall or hurtfull to this our realme but that wee shall finde the further continuance thereof profitable for vs our heires and successours and
they saw it was in vaine for them to stay and therefore set vp sayles and by Gods prouidence auoyded all danger brought home the rest of their goods and came thence with all expedition and God be thanked arriued safely in England neere London on Wednesday being the 8 day of Iune 1585. In which their returne to England the Spaniards that they brought with them offered fiue hundred crownes to be set on shore in any place which seeing the Maister would not doe they were coutent to be ruled by him and his companie and craued mercie at their hands And after Master Foster demaunded why they came in such sort to betray and destroy them the Corrigidor answered that it was not done onely of themselues but by the commandement of the king himselfe and calling for his hose which were wet did plucke foorth the kings Commission by which he was authorized to doe all that he did The Copie whereof followeth being translated out of Spanish The Spanish kings commission for the generall imbargment or arrest of the English c. LIcentiat de Escober my Corigidor of my Signorie of Biskay I haue caused a great fleete to be put in readinesse in the hauen of Lisbone and the riuer of Sâ—uill There is required for the Souldiers armour victuals and munition that are to bee imployed in the same great store of shipping of all sortes against the time of seruice and to the end there may be choise made of the best vpon knowledge of their burden and goodnesse I doe therefore require you that presently vpon the arriuall of this carrier and with as much dissimulation as may be that the matter may not be knowen vntill it be put in execution you take order for the staying and arresting with great foresight of all the shipping that may be found vpon the coast and in the portes of the sayd Signorie excepting none of Holand Zeland Easterland Germanie England and other Prouinces that are in rebellion against mee sauing those of France which being litle and of small burden and weake are thought vnfit to serue the turne And the stay being thus made you shall haue a speciall care that such marchandize as the sayd shippes or huâ—kes haue brought whether they be all or part vnladen may bee taken out and that the armour munition tackels sayles and victuals may be safely bestowed as also that it may be well foreseene that none of the shippes or men may escape away Which things being thus executed you shall aduertise me by an expresse messenger of your proceeding therein And send me a plaine and diâ—tinct declaration of the number of ships that you shall haue so stayed in that coast and partes whence euery one of them is which belong to my Rebels what burthen goods there are and what number of men is in euery of them and what quantitie they haue of armour ordinance munition victuals tacklings and other necessaries to the end that vpon sight hereof hauing made choise of such as shall be fit for the seruice we may further direct you what ye shall do In the meane time you shall presently see this my commandement put in execution and if there come thither any more ships you shall also cause them to be stayed and arrested after the same order vsing therein such care and diligence as may answere the trust that I repose in you wherein you shall doe me great seruice Dated at Barcelona the 29 of May. 1585. And thus haue you heard the trueth and manner thereof wherein is to be noted the great courage of the maister and the louing hearts of the seruants to saue their master from the daunger of death yea and the care which the master had to saue so much of the owners goods as hee might although by the same the greatest is his owne losse in that he may neuer trauell to those parts any more without the losse of his owne life nor yet any of his seruantes for if hereafter they should being knowen they are like to taste of the sharpe torments which are there accustomed in their Holy-house And as for their terming English shippes to be in rebellion against them it is sufficiently knowen by themselues and their owne consciences can not denie it but that with loue vnitie and concord our shippes haue euer beene fauourable vnto them and as willing to pleasure their King as his subiectes any way willing to pleasure English passengers The Letters patents or priuiledges granted by her Maiestie to certaine Noble men and Marchants of London for a trade to Barbarie in the yeere 1585. ELizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland defender of the faith c. to the Treasurer Barons of our Eschequer and to al Maiors shirifs constables customers collectors of our customes and subsidies controllers searchers and keepers of our hauens and creekes ports and passages within this our realme of England and the dominions of the same and to al our officers ministers and subiects and to all other whosoeuer to whom it shall or may appertaine and to euery of them greeting Whereas it is made euidently and apparantly knowen vnto vs that of late yeeres our right trustie and right welbeloued councellors Ambrose Erle of Warwike and Robert Erle of Leicester and also our louing and naturall subiects Thomas Starkie of our citie of London Alderman Ierard Gore the elder and all his sonnes Thomas Gore the elder Arthur Atie gentleman Alexander Auenon Richard Staper William Iennings Arthur Dawbeney William Sherington Thomas Bramlie Anthony Garrard Robert How Henry Colthirst Edward Holmden Iohn Swinnerton Robert Walkaden Simon Lawrence Nicholas Stile Oliuer Stile William Bond Henrie Farrington Iohn Tedcastle Walter Williams William Brune Iohn Suzan Iohn Newton Thomas Owen Roger Afield Robert Washborne Reinold Guy Thomas Hitchcocke George Lydiat Iohn Cartwright Henry Paiton Iohn Boldroe Robert Bowyer Anthonie Dassell Augustine Lane Robert Lion and Thomas Dod all of London Marchants now trading into the Countrey of Barbary in the parts of Africa vnder the gouernment of Muly Hammet Sheriffe Emperor of Marocco and king of Fesse and Sus haue sustained great and grieuous losses and are like to sustaine greater if it should not be preuented In tender coÌ„sideration whereof and for that diuers Marchandize of the same Countries are very necessary and conuenient for the vse and defence of this our Realme of England and for diuers other causes vs specially mouing minding the reliefe and benefite of our said subiects and the quiet trafique and good gouernment to be had and vsed among them in their said trade of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion haue giuen and granted and by these presents for vs our heires and successors doe giue and grant vnto the saide Earles of Warwike and Leicester Thomas Starkie Ierard Gore the elder Arthur Atie gentleman Alexander Auenon Richard Staper William Iennings Arthur Dawbenie William Sherington Thomas Bramlie Anthonie Gerrard Robert Howe Henry
and cary away his barks and Carauels was content to suffer vs there quietly to tary and likewise to depart and neuer charged vs with one Canon-shot And when our Generall sent him worde that hee was there ready to exchange certaine bullets with him the marques refused his chalenge sending him word that he was not then ready for him nor had any such Commission from his King Our Generall thus refused by the Marques and seeing no more good to be done in this place thought it conuenient to spend no longer time vpon this coast and therefore with consent of the chiefe of his Company he shaped his course toward the Isles of the Açoâ—es and passing towards the Isle of Saint Michael within 20. or 30. leagues thereof it was his good fortune to meete with a Portugale Carak called Sant Philip being the same shippe which in the voyage outward had caried the 3. Princes of Iapan that were in Europe into the Indies This Carak without any great râ—sistance hee tooke bestowing the people thereof in certaine vessels well furnished with victuals and sending them courteously home into their Countrey and this was the first Carak that euer was taken comming foorth of the East Indies which the Portugals tooke for an euil signe because the ship bare the Kings owne name The riches of this prize seemed so great vnto the whole Company as in trueth it was that they assured themselues euery man to haue a sufficient reward for his trauel and thereupon they all resolued to returne home for England which they happily did and arriued in Plimouth the same Sommer with their whole Fleete and this rich booty to their owne profite and due commendation and to the great admiration of the whole kingdome And here by the way it is to be noted that the taking of this Carak wrought two extraordinary effects in England first that it taught others that Caracks were no such bugs but that they might be taken as since indeed it hath fallen out in the taking of the Madre de Dios and fyreing and sinking of others and secondly in acquainting the English Nation more generally with the particularities of the exceeding riches and wealth of the East Indies whereby themselues and their neighbours of Holland haue bene incouraged being men as skilfull in Nauigation and of no lesse courage then the Portugals to share with them in the East Indies where their strength is nothing so great as heretofore hath bene supposed A Patent granted to certaine Marchants of Exeter and others of the West parts and of London for a trade to the Riuer of Senega and Gambra in Guinea 1588. ELlizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland defender of the faith c. To our Treasurer and Admirall of England our Treasurer and Barons of our Exchequer and all and euery our Officers minâ—sters and subiects whatsoeuer greeting Whereas our welbeloued subiects William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicolas Spicer and Iohn Doricot of our City of Exeter marchants Iohn Yong of Coliton in our country of Deuon marchant Richard Doderige of Barnestable in our saide Countie of Deuon Marchant Anthonie Dassell and Nicolas Turner of our Citie of London Marchants haue bene perswaded and earnestly moued by certaine Portugals resident within our Dominions to vndertake and set forward a voyage to certaine places on the coast of Guinea Videlicet from the Northermost part of the Riuer commonly called by the name of the Riuer of Senega and from and within that Riuer all along that coast vnto the Southermost part of another Riuer commonly called by the name of Gambra and within that Riuer which as we are informed they haue already once performed accordingly And for that we are credibly giuen to vnderstand that the further prosecuting of the same voyage and the due and orderly establishing of an orderly trafique and trade of marchandize into those Countreis wil not only in time be very beneficial to these our Realmes and dominions but also be a great succour and reliefe vnto the present distressed estate of those Portugals who by our princely fauour liue and continue here vnder our protection And coÌ„sidering that the aduenturing and enterprising of a newe trade cannot be a matter of small charge and hazard to the aduenturers in the beginning we haue therefore thought it conuenient that our said louing subiects William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Yong Richard Doderige Anthonie Dassell and Nicholas Turner for the better incouragement to proceede in their saide aduenture and trade in the said Countreis shal haue the sole vse and exercise thereof for a certaine time In consideration whereof and for other waightie reasons and considerations vs specially moouing of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion we haue giuen and graunted and by these presents for vs our heires and successors doe giue and graunt vnto the said William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Young Richard Doderide Anthony Dassell and Nicholas Turner and to euery of them and to such other our Subiects as they or the most part of them shall thinke conuenient to receiue into their Company and society to be the traders with them into the said Countreis that they and euery of them by themselues or by their seruants or Factors and none others shall and may for and during the full space and terme of tenne yeeres next ensuing the date of these presents haue and enioy the free and whole trafique trade and feat of marchandise to and from the said Northermost part of the said Riuer commonly called by the name of the Riuer of Senega and from and within that Riuer all along the coast of Guinea vnto the Southermost part of the said Riuer commonly called by the name of the Riuer of Gambra and within that Riuer also And that they the said William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Yong Richard Doderige Anthony Dassel and Nicholas Turner euery of them by themselues or by their seruants or Factors such as they or the most part of them shall receiue into their Company and societie to be traders with them into the sayd Countreis as is aforesaid and none others shall and may for and during the said space and terme of 10. yeres haue and enioy the sole whole trafique or trade of marchandize into and from the said places afore limitted and described for the buying selling bartering and changing of and with any goods wares and marchandizes whatsoeuer to be vented had or found at or within any the cities townes or places situated or being in the countries parts coastes of Guinea before limitted any law statute or graunt matter custome or priuileges to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding And for the better ordering establishing gouerning of the said societie and Company in the said trade and trafique of marchandizes the quiet orderly lawfull exercise of the same We for vs our
such good and profitable things as are found in their Countries to remote regions and kingdomes and againe to bring from the same such things as they find there commodious for their owne Countries both aswell that the people to whom they goe may not be destitute of such commodities as their Countries bring not foorth to them as that also they may be partakers of such things whereof they abound For the God of heauen and earth greatly prouiding for mankinde would not that all things should be found in one region to the ende that one should haue neede of another that by this meanes friendship might be established among all men and euery one seeke to gratifie all For the establishing and furtherance of which vniuersall amitie certaine men of our Realme mooued heereunto by the said desire haue instituted and taken vpon them a voyage by sea into farre Countreis to the intent that betweene our people and them a way may bee opened to bring in and cary ouâ— marchandizes desiring vs to further their enterprise Who assenting to their petition haue licensed the right valiant and worthy Sir Hugh Willoughby knight and other our trusty and faithfull seruants which are with him according to their desire to goe to countreis to them heeretofore vnknowen aswell to seeke such things as we lacke as also to cary vnto them from our regions such things as they lacke So that hereby not onely commoditie may ensue both to them and vs but also an indissoluble and perpetuall league of friendship be established betweene vs both while they permit vs to take of their things such whereof they haue abundance in their regions and we againe grant them such things of ours whereof they are destitute We therfore desire you kings princes and al other to whom there is any power on the earth to permit vnto these our seruants free passage by your regions and dominions for they shall not touch any thing of yours vnwilling vnto you Consider you that they also are men If therefore they shall stand in neede of any thing we desire you of all humanitie and for the nobilitie which is in you to ayde and helpe them with such things as they lacke receiuing againe of them such things as they shall bee able to giue you in râ—compense Shew your selues so towards them as you would that we and our subiects should shewe our selues towards your seruants if at any time they shall passe by our regions Thus doing we promise you by the God of all things that are contained in heauen earth and the Sea and by the life and tranquillitie of our kingdomes that we will with like humanitie accept your seruants if at any time they shall come to our kingdomes where they shall as friendly and gently bee entertained as if they were borne in our Dominions that wee may hereby recompence the fauour and benignitie which you haue shewed to our men Thus after we haue desired you Kings and princes c. with all humanity and fauour to entertaine our welbeloued seruants we will pray our Almighty God to graunt you long life and peace which neuer shall haue ende Written in London which is the chiefe Citie of our kingdome in the yeere from the creatâ—on of the world 5515. in the moneth of Iiar the foureteenth day of the moneth and seuenth yeere of our reigne This letter was written also in Greeke and diuers other languages The true copie of a note found written in one of the two ships to wit the Speranza which wintred in Lappia where sir Hugh Willoughby and all his companie died being frozen to death Anno 1553. THe voiage intended for the discouerie of Cathay and diuers other regions dominioâ—s Islands and places vnknowen set forth by the right worshipful master Sebastian Cabota Esquire and Gouernour of the mysterie and company of the Marchants Aduenturers of the citie of London which fleete being furnished did set forth the tenth day of May 1553. and in the seuenth yeere of our most dread Soueraigne Lord and King Edward the sixt The names of the shippes of the fleete and of their burden together with the names of the Captaines and Counsellors Pilot Maior Masters of the ships Marchants with other officers and Mariners as hereafter followeth The Bona Esperanza Admirall of the fleete of 120. tunnes hauing with her a pinnesse and a boate Sir Hugh Willoughby knight Captaine generall of the fleete William Gefferson Master of the shippe Roger Wilson his Mate William Gittons Charles Barret Gabriel Willoughby Iohn Andrews Alexander Woodfoord Ralph Chatterton Marchants Mariners and officers according to the custome and vse of the Seas Iohn Brooke Master Gunner Nicholas Anthony Boateswaine Iohn Web his Mate Christopher Banbrucke Thomas Dauison Robert Rosse Thomas Simpson quarter Masters William White Iames Smith Thomas Painter Iohn Smith their Mates Richard Gwinne George Goiswine Carpenters Robert Gwinne Purser Laurence Edwards his Mate and Couper Richard Morgan Cooke Thomas Nashe his Mate William Light Iohn Brande Cutbert Chelfie George Blage Thomas Walker Thomas Allen Edward Smith Edward Hunt Iohn Fawkner Rowland Brooke Alexander Gardiner Richard Molton Surgeons which two were taken in at Harwich Discharged at Harwich by reason of sicknes George Blake Nicholas Anthony For pickerie ducked at the yards arme and so discharged Thomas Nash. The Edward Bonauenture of 160. tunnes with her a pinnesse and a boate Richard Chancelor Captaine and Pilot maior of the fleete Stephen Borowgh Master of the ship Iohn Buckland his Mate George Burton Arthur Edwards Marchants Iohn Stafford Minister Iames Dallaber Nicholas Newborrow Iohn Segswike Thomas Francis Iohn Hasse Richard Iohnson William Kempe Mariners and officers according to the custome and vse of the Seas Robert Stanton Master Gunner Iohn Walker his Mate Iames Long Iohn Cocks Gunners Thomas Walter Surgeon Peter Palmer Boateswaine Richard Strowde his Mate Iohn Robinson Iohn Carowe Thomas Stone Roger Lishbie quarter Masters Iohn Austen Steward Patricke Steuens his Mate Austen Iacks Cooke William Euery Cowper Griffin Wagham Carpenter Thomas Stelston Thomas Townes Iohn Robinson Iohn White William Laurence Miles Butter Iohn Browne William Morren William Watson Thomas Handcocks Edward Pacie Thomas Browne Arthur Pet George Phibarie Edward Patterson William Beare Iohn Potter Nicholas Lawrence William Burrough Roger Welford Iohn Williams The Bona Confidentia of 90. tunnes hauing with her a pinnesse and a boate Cornelius Durfoorth Master of the shippe Richard Ingram his Mate Thomas Langlie Edward Keuer Henrie Dorset Marchants Mariners and officers according to the vse and custome of the Sea Henrie Tailer Master Gunner George Thurland his Mate Wiliam Hamane Boateswaine Iohn Edwards his Mate Thomas Kirbie Henrie Dickenson Iohn Haye William Shepwash quarter Masters Iohn Reyne Steward Thomas Hante Cooke William Lassie his Mate Nicholas Knight Carpenter Peter Lewike Nicholas Wiggleworth Iohn Moore William Chapman Brian Chester William Barrie Richard Wood Clement Gibson Iohn Clarocke Erasmus Bently Iohn Duriforth The
Volga and the land of Nagay and to the South part ioyne the countreys of Media and Persia. This sea is fresh water in many places and in other places as salt as our great Ocean It hath many goodly Riuers falling into it and it auoideth not it selfe except it be vnder ground The notable Riuers that fall into it are first the great Riuer of Volga called in the Tartar tongue Edell which springeth out of a lake in a marrish or plaine ground not farre from the Citie of Nouogrode in Russia and it is from the spring to the Sea aboue two thousande English miles It hath diuers other goodly Riuers falling into it as out of Siberia Yaic and Yem Also out of the mountaines of Caucasus the Riuers of Cyrus and Arash and diuers others As touching the trade of Shamaky in Media and Tebris with other townes in Persia I haue enquired and do well vnderstand that it is euen like to the trades of Tartaria that is little vtterance and small profite and I haue bene aduertised that the chiefe trade of Persia is into Syria and so transported into the Leuant sea The fewe shippes vpon the Caspian Seas the want of Mart and port Townes the pouertie of the people and the ice maketh that trade naught At Astracan there were merchants of Shamaky with whom I offered to barter and to giue them kersies for their wares but they would not saying they had them as good cheape in their countrey as I offred them which was sixe rubbles for a kersie that I asked and while I was at Boghar there were brought thither out of Persia Cloth and diuers commodities of our countries which were sold as good cheape as I might sell ours The tenth day of Iune we departed from Astracan towards the Mosco hauing an hundred gunners in our company at the Emperors charges for the safe conduct of the Tartar Ambassadors and me And the eight and twentieth day of Iuly folowing wee arriued at the citie of Cazan hauing bene vpon the way from Astracan thither sixe weekes and more without any refreshing of victuals for in all that way there is no habitation The seuenth of August folowing wee departed from Cazan and transported our goods by water as farre as the citie of Morum and then by land so that the second of September we arriued at the citie of Mosco and the fourth day I came before the Emperours Maiestie kissed his hand and presented him a white Cowes taile of Cathay and a drumme of Tartaria which he well accepted Also I brought before him all the Ambassadors that were commitâ—â—d to my charge with all the Russe slaues and that day I dined in his Maiesties presence and at dinner his Grace sent me meate by a Duke asked me diuers questions touching the lands and countreis where I had bene And thus I remained at the Mosco about your affaires vntil the 17. day of February thaâ— your wares were seâ—t downe and then hauing licence of the Emperors Maiestie to depart the 21. day I came to your house at Vologhda and there remained vntil the breaking vp of the yeâ—â—â— and then hauing seene all your goods laden into your boates I departed with the same and arriued withall in safetie at Colmogro the 9. of May 1560. And here I cease for this time intreating you to beare with this my large discourse which by reason of the varietie of matter I could make no shorter and I beseech God to prosper all your attempts The latitudes of certaine principall places in Russia and other Regions  Deg. Min. Mosco in 55 10 Nouogrod the great 58 26 Nouogrod the lesse 56 33 Colmogro 64 10 Vologhda 59 11 Cazan 55 33 Oweke 51 40 Astracan 47 9 At the entrance into the Caspian sea 46 72 Manguslaue beyond the Caspian sea 45 00 Vrgence in Tartary 20. dayes iourney froÌ„ the Caspian sea 42 18 Boghar a citie in Tartary 20. dayes iourney froÌ„ Vrgence 39 10 Certaine notes gathered by Richard Iohnson which was at Boghar with M. Anthony Ienkinson of the reports ofâ— Russes and other strangers of the wayes of Russia to Cathaya and of diuers and strange people The first note giuen by one named Sâ—rnichoke a Tartarian subiect to the Prince of Boghar which are also Tartars bordering vpon Kizilbash or Persia declaring the way from Astracan being the furthest part of Russia to Cathaya as foloweth FIrst from Astracan to Serachick by land trauailing by leysure as Merchants vse with wares is 10. dayes iourney From Serachick to a towne named Vrgenshe 15. dayes From Vrgenshe to Boghar 15. dayes From Boghar to Cascar 30. dayes From Cascar to Cathaya 30. dayes iourney By the same partie a note of another way more sure to traueile as he reporteth FRom Astracan to Turkemen by the Caspian sea 10. dayes with barkes From Turkemen by lande specially with Camels bearing the weight of 15. poodes for their common burthens is 10. dayes to Vrgenshe From Vrgenshe to Bogâ—ar 15. dayes Note At this Ciâ—ie of Boghar is the marte or meeting place betweene the Turkes and nations of those parts and the Cathayans Also the toll there is the 40. part to be payed of Merchandizes or goods From thence to Cascar is one moneths iourney and from Cascar being the frontier of the great Can hauing many townes and fortes by the way is also a moneths trauel for merchants by land to Cathay Further as he hath heard not hauing bene in those parts himselfe ships may saile from the dominions of Cathaia vnto India But of other waies or how the seas lie by any coast hee knoweth not The instruction of another Tartarian merchant dwelling in the citie of Boghar as he hath learned by other his countreymen which haue bene there FIrst from Astracan by sea to Serachick is 15 daies affirming also that a man may trauell the other way before written by Turkemen From Serachick to Vrgence is 15 dayes From Vrgence to Boghar â—lso 15 dayes Note These last 30 daies iourney is without habitation of houses therefore trauellers lodge in their owne tents cariyng with them to eate their seuerall prouisions and for drinesse there bee many wels of faire water at equall baiting places not farre distant dayly to be had From Boghar to Taskent easie trauelling with goods is 14 dayes by land From Taskent to Occient 7 dayes From Occient to Cascar 20 daies This Cascar is the head towne or citie of another prince lying betweene Boghar and Cathaia called Reshit can From Cascar to Sowchick 30 daies iourney which Sowchick is the first border of Cathay From Sowchick to Camchick 5 daies iourney and from Camchick to Cathay is 2 moneths iourney all the way being inhabited temperate wel replenished with innumerable fruits the chiefe citie in that whole land is called Cambalu which is yet 10 daies iourney from Cathay Beyond this land of Cathay which they praise to be ciuill vnspeakeably rich is the countrey named in
princes There came also Ambassadors from the Emperor of Almaine the Pole the Swethen the Dane c. And since his coronation no enemie of his hath preuailed in his attempts It fell out not long after that the Emperor was desirous to send a message to the most excellent Queene of England for which seruice he thought no man fitter than M. Ierome Horsey supposing that one of the Queenes owne men and subiects would be the more acceptable to her The summe of which message was that the Emperor desired a continuance of that league friendship amitie and intercourse of traffique which was betweene his father and the Queens maiestie and her subiects with other priuate affaires besides which are not to be made common Master Horsey hauing receiued the letters and requests of the Emperour prouided for his iourney ouer land and departed from Mosco the fift day of September thence vnto Otuer to Torshook to great Nouogrod to Vobsky and thence to Nyhouse in Liuonia to Wenden and so to Riga where he was beset and brought foorthwith before a Cardinall called Rageuil but yet suffred to passe in the end From thence to Mito to Golden and Libou in Curland to Memel to Koningsburgh in Prussia to Elbing to Dantzike to Stetine in Pomerland to Rostock to Lubeck to Hamborough to Breme to Emden and by sea to London Being arriued at her maiesties roiall court and hauing deliuered the Emperors letters with good fauour and gracious acceptance he was foorthwith againe commaunded to repasse into Ruffia with other letters from her maiestie to the Emperor and prince Boris Pheodorowich answering the Emperors letters and withall requesting the fauour and friendship which his father had yeelded to the English merchants and hereunto was he earnestly also solicited by the merchants of London themselues of that company to deale in their behalfe Being thus dispatched from London by sea he arriued in Mosco the 20. of April 1586. and was very honorably welcommed And for y t merchants behoofe obtained all his requests being therein specially fauoured by y e noble prince Boris Pheodorowich who alwayes affected M. Horsey with speciall liking And hauing obtained priuiledges for the merchants he was recommended from the Emperor againe to the Queene of England his mistresse by whom the prince Boris in token of his honorable and good opinion of the Queens maiestie sent her highnesse a roiall present of Sables Luzarns cloth of gold and other rich things So that the Companie of English merchants next to their thankfulnes to her maiestie are to account M. Horseis paines their speciall benefit who obtained for them those priuileges which in twentie yeeres before would not be granted The maner of M. Horseis last dispatch from the Emperor because it was very honorable I thought good to record He was freely allowed post horses for him and his seruants victuals and all other necessaries for his long iourney at euery towne that he came vnto from Mosco to Vologda which is by land fiue hundred miles he receiued the like free and bountifull allowances at the Emperors charge New victuall and prouision were giuen him vpon the riuer Dwina at euery towne by the kings officers being one thousand miles in length When he came to the new castle called Archangel he was receiued of the Duke Knez Vasili Andrewich Isuenogorodsky by the Emperors commission into the Castle gunners being set in rankes after their vse where he was sumptuously feasted from thence hee was dispatched with bonntifull prouision and allowance in the Dukes boat with one hundred men to rowe him and one hundred Gunners in other boats to conduct him with a gentleman captaine of the Gunners Comming to the road where the English Dutch and French ships rode the gunners discharged and the ships shot in like maner 46. pieces of their ordinance so he was brought to his lodging at the English house vpon Rose Island And that which was the full and complete conclusion of the fauour of the Emperor and Boris Pheodorowich toward M. Horsey there were the next day sent him for his further prouision vpon the fea by a gentleman and a captaine the things folowing 16. liue oxen 70. sheepe 600. hens 25. fâ—itches of Bacon 80. bushels of meale 600. loaues of bread 2000. egs 10. geese 2. cranes 2. swans 65. gallons of mead 40. gallons of Aquauitae 60. gallons of beere 3. yong beares 4. hawkes Store of onions and garlike 10. fresh salmons A wild bore All these things were brought him downe by a Gentleman of the Emperors and another of prince Boris Pheodorowich were receiued in order by Iohn Frefe seruant to M. Horsey together with an honorable present and reward from the prince Boris sent him by M. Francis Cherry an Englishman which present was a whole very rich piece of cloth of gold a faire paire of Sables This Gentleman hath obserued many other rare things concerning those partes which hereafter God willing at more conuenient time and laisure shall come to light Pheodor Iuanowich the new Emperors gracious letter of priuilege to the English Merchants word for word obtained by M Ierome Horsey 1586. THrough the wil of the almightie and without beginning God which was before this world whom we glorifie in y e Trinitie one only God the father the sonne and the holy ghost maker of all things worker of all in all euery where fulfiller of all things by which will and workingâ— he both loueth and giueth life to man That our onely God which inspireth euery one of vs his onely children with his word to discerne God through our Lord Iesus Christ and the holy quickning spirit of life now in these perilous times Establish vs to keep the right Scepter and suffer vs of our selues to raigne to the good profite of the land and to the subduing of the people together with the enemies and to the maintenance of vertue We Pheodor the ofspring of Iohn the great Lord Emperor king and great prince of all Russia of Volodemeria Moscouia and Nouogrod king of Cazan king of Astracan Lord of Plesko and great prince of Smolensko of Tuer Yougoria Permia Viatsko of Bolghar and others lord and great prince of the land of the lower Nouogrod Chernigo Rezan Polotsko Rostow Yeraslaue the White lake Liefland Oudor Condensa and Ruler of all Siberia and all the North-side and lord of many other countries I haue gratified the merchants of England to wit sir Rowland Haiward and Richard Maâ—tin Aldermen sir George Barnes Thomas Smith esquire Ierome Horsey Richard Saltonstall with their fellowes I haue licensed them to saile with their shippes into our dominion the land of Dwina with all kind of commodities to trade freely and vnto our kingdom and the citie of Mosco and to all the cities of our empire of Moscouia And the english merchants sir Rowland Haiward his societie desired vs that we would gratifie them to trade into our kingdom of Moscouia and into our
their weapons as thicke as hailestones against vs slew diuers of our men and horses Hereupon the slaughter of our people still encreasing our maiestie imperiall deemed it requisite to stay behind and to succour our bands in the rereward and so expecting them we sustained the fierce encounter of many thousand Persians What exploits out Imperiall person atchieued in the same skirmish I hold it needlesse at this time to recount your maiestie may perhaps vnderstand more of this matter by them which were there present Howbeit our Imperiall highnesse being in the middest of this conflict and enduring the fight with so great danger all our hindermost troups both Greekes Latines and other nations retiring themselues close together and not being able to suffer the violence of their enemies weapons pressed on so hard and were caried with such maine force that hastening to ascend the next hill for their better safegard they vrged on them which went before whether they would or no. Whereupon much dust being raised which stopped our eyes and vtterly depriued vs of sight and our mē and horses pressing so sore one vpon the necke of another plunged themselues on the sudden into such a steepe and dangerous valley that treading one vpon another they quelled to death not onely a multitude of the common souldiours but diuers most honourable personages some of our neere kinsmen For who could restraine the irresistable throng of so huge a multitude Howbeit our Imperiall highnesse being enuironed with such swarmes of Infidels and giuing and receiuing wounds insomuch that the miscreants were greatly dismaied at our constancie we gaue not ouer but by Gods assistance wonne the field Neither did we permit the enemie to ascend vnto that place from whence we skirmished with him Neither yet spurred wee on our horse any faster for all their assaults But marshalling all our troupes together and deliuering them out of danger we disposed them about our Imperial person and so we ouertooke the foremost and marched in good order with our whole army Nowe the Soldan perceiuing that notwithstanding the great damages which we had sustained our Imperial highnes prouided to giue him a fresh encounter humbly submitting himselfe vnto vs and vsing submisse speaches made suite to haue peace at our hands and promised to fulfill the pleasure of our maiestie Imperiall to doe vs seruice against all commers to release all our subiects which were captiues in his realme and to rest wholy at our commaund Here therefore we remained two dayes with great authoritie and considering that wee could attempt nought against the citie of Iconium hauing lost all our warrelike engines both for defence and for batterie for that the oxen which drew them were slaine with the enemies weapons falling as thicke as hailestones and also for because all our beasts in a maner were most grieuously diseased our maiestie Imperial accepted of the Soldans petition league and oath being made and taken vnder our ensignes and granted our peace vnto him Then returned we into our owne dominions being greatly grieued for the losse of our deere kinsmen and yeelding vnto God most humble thanks who of his goodnesse had euen now giuen vs the victory We are right glad likewise that some of your maiesties princes and nobles accompanied vs in this action who are able to report vnto you all things which haue happened And albeit we were exceedingly grieued for the losse of our people yet thought it we expedient to signifie vnto you the successe of our affaires as vnto our welbeloued friend one who is very neerly allied vnto our highnesse Imperial by reason of the consanguinitie of our children Farewell Giuen in the moneth of Nouember and vpon the tenth Indiction ¶ The woorthy voiage of Richard the first K. of England into Asia for the recouerie of Ierusalem out of the hands of the Saracens drawen out of the booke of Acts and Monuments of the Church of England written by M. Iohn Foxe KIng Richard the first of that name for his great valure surnamed Ceur de Lion the sonne of Henry the second after the death of his father remembring the rebellions that he had vndutifully raised against him sought for absolution of his trespasse and in part of satisfaction for the same agreed with Philip the French king to take his voiage with him for the recouerie of Christes patrimonie which they called the Holy land whereupon the sayd king Richard immediately after his Coronation to prepare himselfe the better towards his iourney vsed diuers meanes to take vp summes of money and exacted a tenth of the whole Realme the Christians to make threescore and ten thousand pounds and the Iewes which then dwelt in the Realme threescore thousand Hauing thus gotten sufficient money for the exploite he sent certaine Earles and Barons to Philip the French king in the time of his Parliament at S. Denis to put him in mind of his promise made for the recouerie of Christs holy patrimonie out of the Saracens hands To whom he sent word againe in the moneth of December that he had bound himselfe by solemne othe deposing vpon the Euangelists that he the yeere next following about the time of Easler had certainly prefixed to addresse himselfe toward that iourney requiring him likewise not to faile but to bee ready at the terme aboue limited appointing also the place where both the Kings should meéte together In the yeere therfore 1190. King Richard hauing committed the gouernment of this realme in his absence to the bishop of Ely then Chancellor of England aduanced forward his iourney and came to Turon to meet with Philip the French king after that went to Vizeliac where the French king he ioyning together for the more continuance of their iourney assured themselues by solemne othe swearing fidelitie one to the other the forme of whose oth was this That either of them should defend and maintaine the honour of the other and beare true fidelitie vnto him of life members worldly honor and that neither of them should faile one the other in their affaires but the French King should aide the King of England in defending his land and dominions as he would himselfe defend his owne Citie of Paris if it were besieged and that Richard king of England likewise should aide the French king in defending his land and Dominions no otherwise then he would defend his owne Citie of Roan if it were besieged c. Concerning the lawes and ordinances appointed by K. Richard for his Nauie the forme therof was this 1. That who so killed any person on shipboord should be tied with him that was slaine and throwen into the sea 2. And if he killed him on the land he should in like maner be tied with the partie slaine and be buried with him in the earth 3. He that shal be conuicted by lawfull witnes to draw out his knife or weapon to the intent to strike any man or that hath
striken any to the drawing of blood shall loose his hand 4. Also he that striketh any person with his hand without effusion of blood shall be plunged three times in the sea 5. Item who so speaketh any opprobrious or contumelious wordes in reuiling or cursing one another for so oftentimes as he hath reuiled shall pay so many ounces of siluer 6. Item a thiefe or felon that hath stollen being lawfully coÌ„uicted shal haue his head shorne and boyling pitch powred vpon his head and feathers or downe strawed vpon the same whereby he may be knowen and so at the first landing place they shall come to there to be cast vp These things thus ordered king Richard sending his Nauie by the Spanish seas and by the streights of Gibraltar betweene Spaine and Africa to meete him at Marsilia hee himselfe went as is said to Vizeliac to the French king Which two kings from thence went to Lions where the bridge ouer the flood Rhodanus with preasse of people brake and many both men and women were drowned by occasion whereof the two kings for the combrance of their traines were constrained to disseuer themselues for time of their iourney appointing both to meet together in Sicily and so Philip the French king tooke his way to Genua and king Richard to Marsilia where he remained 8. dayes appointing there his Nauie to meete him From thence crossing ouer to Genua where the French king was he passed forward by the coasts of Italy and entred into Tiber not farre from Rome King Richard staying in Marsilia 8. dayes for his Nauie which came not he there hired 20. Gallies and ten great barkes to ship ouer his men and so came to Naples and so partly by horse and wagon and partly by the sea passing to Falernum came to Calabria where after that he had heard that his ships were arriued at Messana in Sicilie he made the more speed and so the 23. of September entred Messana with such a noyse of Trumpets and Shalmes with such a rout and shew that it was to the great wonderment and terror both of the Frenchmen and of all other that did heare and behold the sight To the said towne of Messana the French king was come bâ—â—orâ— the 16. oâ— the â—ame monâ—â—h of September and had taken vp the pallace of Tancredus king of Sicily for his lodging to whom king Richard after his arriuall eftsoones resorted and when the two kings had communed together immediately the French king tooke shipping and entred the seas thinking to saile towards the land of Ierusalem but after he was out of the hauen the winde rising contrary against him returned him backe againe to Messana Then king Richard whose lodging was prâ—pared in the suburbs without the Citie after he had resorted againe and talked with the French king and also had sent to Tancredus king of Sicily for deliuerance of Ioane his sister who had bin somtimes Queene of Sicily and had obtained her to be sent vnto him the last day of September passed ouer the streight del Fare and there getting a strong hold called de la Baguare or le Bamare and there placing his sister with a sufficient garrison he returned againe to Messana The 2. of October king Richard wan another strong hold called Monasterium Griffonum situated in y e midst of the streight del Fare betweene Messana Calabria from whence y e Monks being expulsed he reposed there all his store and prouision of victuals which came from England or other places The Citizens of Messana seeing that the king of England had wonne the castle and Island de la Baguare and also the Monasterie of the Griffons and doubting least the king would extend his power further to inuade their Citie get if he could the whole Isle of Sicilie began to stirre against the Kings armie and to shut the Englishmen out of the gates and kept their walles against them The Englishmen seeing that made to the gates and by force would haue broken them open insomuch that the King riding amongst them with his staffe and breaking diuers of their heads could not asswage their fiercenesse such was the rage of the Englishmen agaynst the citizens of Messana The King seeing the furie of his people to be such that hee could not sâ—ay them tooke boate and went to the pallace of king Tancred to talke of the matter with the French king in which meane time the matter was so taken vp by the wise handling of the ancients of the citie that both parts laying downe their armour went home in peace The fourth day of the sayd moneth of October came to king Richard the Archbishop of Messana with two other Archbishops also with the French king and sundry other Earles Barons and Bishops to intreat of peace who as they were together consulting and had almost concluded vpon the peace the Citizens of Messana issuing out of the towne some went vp vpon the mountains some with open force inuaded the mansion or lodging of Hugh Brune an English captaine The noyse whereof comming to the eares of the King hee suddenly breaking off talke with the French king and the rest departed from them and comming to his men commanded them forthwith to arme themselues Who then with certaine of his souldiours making vp to the top of the mountaine which seemed to passe their power to climbe there put the Citizens to â—light chasing them downe the mountaines vnto the very gates of the citie whom also certaine of the kings seruants pursued into the citie of whom fiue valiant souldiers twentie of the kings seruants were slaine the French King looking vpon and not once willing to rescue them contrary to his othe and league before made with the king of England for the French king with his men being there present rode in the midst of them safely and without any harme too and fro and might well haue eased the Kings partie more then he if it had so liked him This being knowen to the English hoste how their fellowes were slaine and the Frenchmen permitted in the citie and that they were excluded and the gates barred against them being also stopped from buying of victuall other things they vpon great indignation gathered themselues in armes brast open the gates and sealed the wals and so winning the citie set vp their flags with the English armes vpon the wals which when the French King did see he was mightily offended requiring the King of England that the Armes of France might also be set vp ioyned with his but King Richard to that would in no case agree notwithstanding to satisfie his minde he was contented to take downe his Armes and to commit the custodie of the citie to the Hospitalaries and Templaries of Ierusalem till the time that Tancred king of Sicily and he should agree together vpon conditions These things being done the fift and sixt day of October it followed then vpon the eight day of the same
that peace was concluded among the kings In which peace first king Richardâ— Philip the French king renewed againe their oth and league before made concerning their mutual aide and societie during the time of that peregrination Secondly peace also was concluded betweene king Richard and Tancred king of Sicily aforesaide with conditions that the daughter of Tancrede in case king Richard should die without issue should be married to Arthur Duke of Britaine the kings Nephew and next heire to his crowne whereof a formall charte was drawen and letters sent thereof to Pope Clement being dated the ninth of Nouember From this time vntill Februarie the next yeere these two kings kept still at Messana either for lacke of winde and weather or for the repairing of their shippes And in the aforesayde Februarie in the yeere 1191. King Richard sent ouer his gallies to Naples there to meete his mother Elinore and Berengaria the daughter of Zanctius king of Nauarre whom he was purposed to marry who by that time were come to Brundusium vnder the conduct of Philip Earle of Flanders and so proceeding vnto Naples they found the kings shippes wherein they sayled to Messana In this meane space king Richard she wed himselfe exceeding bounteous and liberall to all men to the French king first he gaue diuers shippes vpon others likewise he bestowed riche rewardes and of his treasure and goods he destributed largely to his souldiers and seruants about him of whom it was reported that he distributed more in one moneth then any of his predecessors did in a whole yeere by reason whereof he purchased great loue and fauour which not onely redounded to the aduancement of his fame but also to his singular vse and profite as the sequele afterward prooued The first day of March following he left the citie of Messana where the French King was and went to Cathneia a citie where Tancredus king of Sicily then lay where he was honorably receiued and there remained with king Tancredus three dayes and three nights On the fourth day when he should depart the aforesaid Tancredus offred him many rich presents in gold and siluer and precious silkes whereof king Richard would receiue nothing but one little ring for a token of his good will for the which king Richard gaue againe vnto him a riche sworde At length when king Richard should take his leaue king Tancred would not let him so depart but needes would giue him 4. great shippes and 15. gallies and furthermore hee himselfe would needes accompanie him the space of two dayes iourney to a place called Tauernium Then the next morning when they should take their leaue Tancredus declared vnto him the message which the French King a little before had sent vnto him by the Duke of Burgundie the contents whereof were these That the King of England was a false Traytour would neuer keepe the peace that was betweene them and if the sayd Tancredus would warre against him or secretly by night would inuade him he with all his power would assist him to the destruction of him and all his armie To whom Richard the King protested againe that he was no traytour nor neuer had bene and as touching the peace begun betwixt them the same should neuer be broken through him neither could he beleeue that the French King being his good lord and his sworne Compartner in that voyage would vtter any such wordes by him Which when Tancredus heard he bringeth foorth the letters of the French King sent to him by the Duke of Burgundie affirming moreouer that if the Duke of Burgundie would denie the bringing of the said letters he was readie to trie it with him by any of his Dukes King Richard receiuing the letters and musing not a little vpon the same returneth againe to Messana The same day that King Richard departed the French king came to Tauernium to speake with Tancred and there abode with him that night and on the morowe returned to Messana againe From that time King Richard mooued in stomacke against King Philip neuer shewed any gentle countenance of peace amitie as he before was woont whereat the French king greatly marueiling and enquiring earnestly what should be the cause thereof word was sent him againe by Philip earle of Flanders from king Richard what words he had sent to the king of Sicily and for testimony thereof the letters were shewed which he wrote by the duke of Burgundie to the king of Sicily which when the French king vnderstood first he held his peace as guilty in his conscience not knowing well what to answere At length turning his tale to another matter he began to quarrell with king Richard pretending as though he sought causes to breake with him and to maligne him and therfore he forged sayd he these lies vpon him and all because he by that meanes would auoid to marry with Alise his sister according as he had promised Adding moreouer that if he would so do and would not marry the said Alise his sister according to his oth he would be an enemy to him and to his while he liued To this king Richard sayd againe that he could by no meanes marry that woman forsomuch as his father had carnall copulation with her and also had by her a sonne for proofe whereof he had there presently to bring forth diuers sundry witnesses to the kings face to testifie with him In conclusion through counsell and perswasion of diuers about the French king agreement at last was made so that king Philip did acquite king Richard from this bond of marrying his sister and king Richard againe should be bound to pay to him euery yeere for the space of fiue yeeres two thousand markes with certaine other conditions besides not greatly materiall for this place And thus peace being betweene them concluded the 28 day of the sayd moneth of March the French king lanching out of the hauen of Messana the 22 day after in the Easter weeke came with his armie to the siege of Achon After the departure of the French king from Messana king Richard with his armie yet remaining behinde arriued Queene Alinor the kings mother bringing with her Berengaria the king of Nauars daughter to be espoused to king Richard which being done king Richard in April following about the 20 day of the sayd moneth departed from the hauen of Messana with 150 great ships and 53 great gallies well manned and appointed and tooke his iourney toward Achon who being vpon the Seas on Good friday about the ninth houre rose a mighty South winde with a tempest which disseuered and scattered all his Nauie some to one place and some to another The king with a few ships was driuen to the I le of Creta and there before the hauen of Rhodes cast anker The ships that caried the kings sister queene of Sicily and Berengaria the king of Nauars daughter with two ships were driuen to the I le of Cyprus The king
making great mone for the ships of his sister and Berengaria his wife that should be not knowing where they were become after the tempest was ouerblowen sent forth his gallies diligently to seeke the rest of his Nauie dispersed but especially the shippe wherein his sister was and the maiden whom he should marry who at length were found safe and merry at the port of Lymszem in the I le of Cyprus notwithstanding the two other ships which were in their company before in the same hauen were drowned with diuers of the kings seruants and men of worship among whom was M. Roger called Malus Caâ—ulus the kings Uicechancellour who was found with the kings seale hanging about his necke The king of Cyprus was then Isakius called also the Emperour of the Gryffons who tooke and imprisoned all Engliâ—h men which by shipwracke were cast vpon his land also inuegled into his hands the goods and prises of them which were found drowned about his coastes neither would suffer the ships wherein the two ladies were to enter within the port The tidings of this being brought to king Richard he in great wrath gathering his gallies and ships together boordeth the land of Cyprus where he first in gentle wise signifieth to king Isakius how he with his English men comming as strangers to the supportatiâ—n of the holy land were by distresse of weather driuen vpon his bounds and therefore with all humble petition besought him in Gods behalfe and for reuerence of the holy crosse to let go such prisoners of his as he had in captiuitie and to restore againe the goods of them that were drowned which he deteined in his hands to be employed for the behoofe of their soules And this the king once twise and thrise desired of the Emperour but he proudly answering againe sent the king word that he neither would let the captiues go nor tender the goods of them which were drowned When king Richard heard this how light the Emperour Isakius made of his so humble and hoâ—est petition how that nothing could be gotten without violent force eftsoones giueth commandement thorowout all his hoste to put themselues in armour and follow him to reuenge the iniuries receiued of that proud and cruell king of Cyprus willing them to put their trust in God and not to misdoubt but that the Lord would stand with them and giue them the victory The Emperour in the meane time with his people stood warding the Sea coasts where the English men should arriue with swords billes and lances and such other weapons as they had setting boordes stooles and chestes before them as a wall few of them were harnessed and for the most part all vnexpert and vnskilfull in the feates of warre Then king Richard with his souldiers issuing out of their ships first set his bowemen before who with their shot made a way for others to followe The Englishmen thus winning the land vpon them so fiercely pressed vpon the Gryffons that after long fighting and many blowes at last the Emperour was put to flight whom king Richard valiantly pursued and slue many and diuers he tooke aliue and had gone neere also to take the Emperour had not the night come on and parted the battell And thus king Richard with much spoyle and great victory returning to the port Towne of Lymszem which the Townesmen had left for feare found there great abundance of corne wine oyle and victuals The day after the victory gotten Ioanna the Kings sister and Berengaria the mayden entred the Porte and Towne of Lymszem with 50. great ships and 14. galliots so that all the whole Nauie there meeting together were 254. tall shippes and aboue threescore galliots Then Isakius the Emperour seeing no way for him to escape by Sea the same night pitched his tentes fiue miles off from the English army swearing that the third day after he would surely giue battell to king Richard but he preuenting him before suddenly the same morning before the day of battell should be setteth vpon the tentes of the Gryffons early in the morning they being vnawares and a sleepe and made of them a great slaughter insomuch that the Emperour was fame to runne away naked leauing his tents and pauilions to the Englishmen full of horses and rich treasure also with the Imperial standerd the lower part whereof with a costly streamer was couered and wrought all with golde King Richard returning with victorie and triumph to his sister and Berengaria shortly after in the moneth of May next following and the 12. day of the said moneth married the said Berengaria daughter of Zanctius king of Nauarre in the yle of Cyprus at Lymszem The king of Cyprus seeing himselfe ouermatched was driuen at length to yeelde himselfe with conditions to giue king Richard 20000. markes in golde for amends of such spoyles as he had gotten of them that were drowned also to restore all the captiues againe to the king and furthermore he in his owne person to attend vpon the king to the lande of Ierusalem in Gods seruice and his with 400. horsemen and 500. footemen in pledge whereof he would giue to his hands his castles and his onely daughter and would hold his kingdome of him This done and the Emperour swearing fidelitie to king Richard before Guido king of Ierusalem and the prince of Antioche who were come thither to king Richard a little before peace was taken and Isakius committed to the warde of certaine keepers Notwithstanding shortly after he breaking from his keepers was againe at defiance with the King whereupon king Richard besetting the Iland of Cyprus round about with shippes and gallies did in such sort preuaile that the subiects of the land were constrained to yeelde themselues to the King and at last the daughter of the Emperour and the Emperour himselfe whom king Richard caused to be kept in fetters of gold and siluer and to be sent to the citie of Tripolis These things thus done and all set in order touching the possession of the I le of Cyprus the keeping whereof he committed to Radulphe sonne of Godfrey Lord Chamberlaine being then the first day of Iune vpon the fift of the saide moneth king Richard departed from the I le of Cyprus with his shippes and gallies toward the siege of Achon and on the next morrowe came to Tyrus where by procurement of the French king he was restrained by the Citizens to enter The next day after which was the first day of Iune crossing the seas he met with a great carak fraught with souldiers and men of warre to the number of a thousand and fiue hundred which pretending to be Frenchmen and setting foorth their flagge with the French armes were indeede Saracens secretly sent with wilde fire and certaine barrels of vnknowen serpents to the defence of the towne of Achon which king Richard at length perceiuing eftsoones set vpon them and so vanquished them of whom the most were drowned and some taken
aliue which being once knowen in the citie of Achon as it was a great discomfort to them so it was a great helpe to the Christians for winning the citie The next day aster which was the seuenth of Iune king Richard came to Achon which at that time had bene long besieged by the Christians After whose comming it was not long but the Pagans within the citie seeing their wals to be vndermined and towers ouerthrowen were driuen by composition to escape with life and limme to surrender the citie to the two kings Another great helpe to the Christians in winning the citie was this In the said city of Achon there was a secret Christian among the Saracens who in time of the siege thereof vsed at sundry times to cast ouer the wals into the campe of the Christians certaine bils written in Hebrue Greeke and Latine wherein he disclosed to the Christians from time to time the doings and counsels of the enemies aduertising them how and what way they should worke and what to beware and alwayes his letters began thus In nomine Patris Filij Spiritus sancti Amen By reason whereof the Christians were much aduantaged in their proceedings but this was a great heauines vnto them that neither he would vtter his name nor when the citie was got did they euer vnderstand who he was To make of a long siege a short narration Upon the twelfth day of Iuly the yeere aforesaid the Princes and Captaines of the Pagans vpon agreement resorted to the tent of the Templaries to commune with the two kings touching peace and giuing vp of their citie the forme of which peace was thus 1 That the Kings should haue the citie of Achon freely and fully deliuered vnto them with all which was therein 2 That 500. captiues of the Christians should be restored to them which were in Achon 3 That the holy crosse should be to them rendred and a thousand Christian captiues with two hundreth horsemen whosoeuer they themselues would chose out of all them which were in the power of the Saladine 4 That they would giue vnto the Kings two hundreth thousand Bysants so that they themselues should remaine as pledges in the Kings hands for the performance hereof that if in fortie daies the aforesayd couenauts were not accomplished they should abide the Kings mercie touching life and limme These couenants being agreed vpon the Kings sent their souldiers and seruants into the citie to take a hundreth of the richest best of the city to close them vp in towers vnder strong keeping the residue they committed to be kept in houses and in streetes ministring vnto them according to their necessities to whom notwithstanding this they premitted that so many of them as would be baptized and receiue the faith of Christ should be free to goe whither they would wherupon many there were of the Pagans which for feare of death pretended to be baptized but afterward so soone as they could reuolted againe to the Saladine for the which it was afterward commauded by the Kings that none of them should be baptized against their wils The thirteenth day of the said moneth of Iuly King Philip of France and king Richard after they had obteined the possession of Achon deuided betweene them all things therein conteined as well the people as golde and siluer with all other furniture whatsoeuer was remaining in the citie who in deuiding the spoyle were so good caruers to themselues that the Knights and Barons had but litle to their share whereupon they began to shâ—w themselues somewhat discontented which being knowen of the kings they sent them answere that their wils should be satisfied The twentieth day of Iuly king Richard speaking with the French King desired him that they two with their armies would binde themselues by othe to remaine there stil in the land of Ierusalem the space of 3. yeeres for the winning and recouering againe of those countreys but he sayd he would sweare no such othe and so the next day after king Richard with his wife and sister entred into the citie of Achon and there placed himselfe in the kings pallace The French king remayning in the houses of the Templaries where he continued till the end of that moneth About the beginning of the moneth of August Philip the French king after that he and King Richard had made agreement betweene Guido Conradus the Marques about the kingdome of Ierusalem went from Achon to Tyrus notwithstanding king Richard all the Princes of the Christian armie with great intreatie desired him to tary shewing what a shame it were for him to come so farre and now to leaue vndone that for which he came and on the 3. day of August departed from Tyrus leauing the halfe part of the Citie of Achon in the hands of the aforesayd Conradus Marques After his departure the Pagans refused to keepe their couenants made who neither would restore the holy Crosse nor the money nor their captiues sending word to king Richard that if he beheaded the pledges left with him at Achon they would choppe off the heads of such captiues of the Christians as were in their hands Shortly after this the Saladine sending great gifts to king Richard requested the time limited for beheading of the captiues to be proroged but the king refused to take his gifts and to graunt his request whereupon the Saladine caused all the Christian captiues within his possession forthwith to be beheaded which was the 28. of August which albeit king Richard vnderstood yet would not he preuent the time before limitted for the execution of his prisoners being the 20. day of August vpon which day he caused the prisoners of the Saracens openly in the sight of the Saladines armie to loose their heads the number of whom came to two thousand and fiue hundreth saue onely that certaine of the principal of them he reserued for purposes and considerations especially to make exchange for the holy Crosse and certaine other of the Christian captiues After this king Richard purposed to besâ—â—ge the Citie of Ioppe where by the way betwene Achon and Ioppe neere to a towne called Assur Saladine with a great multitude of his Saracens came fiercely against the kings rereward but through Gods mercifull grace in the same battell the kings warriers acquited themselues so well that the Saladine was put to flight whom the Christians pursued the space of 3. miles he lost that same day many of his Nobles Captaines in such sort as it was thought that the Saladine was not put to such confusion 40. yeres before and but one Christian Captaine called Iames Auernus in that conâ—lict was ouerthrowen From thence king Richard proceeding further went to Ioppe and then to Ascalon where he found first the citie of Ioppe forsaken of the Saracens who durst not abide the kings comming Ascalon the Saladine threw downe to the ground likewise forsooke the whole land
by the name of Tilney who dwelt alwayes one after another at the towne of Boston aforesayd vntill such time as the possessions of the elder brother fell vnto an heire general which was maried vnto Iohn duke of Northfolke The last knight of that name was sir Philip Tilney late of Shelleigh in the Countie of Suffolke predecessor and father vnto Thomas Tilney of Hadleigh in the Countie aforesayd Esquire vnto whom the sayd booke of late appertained In the yeere of his age 64. and in the yeere of our Lord 1556. ¶ The trauailes of one Richard surnamed Canonicus RIchardus Canonicus ad Trinitatis fanum Londini Regularis ab ipsa pueritia bonarum artium literas impensè amauit excoluit ac didicit Qui ex râ—niâ—â—o labore atque exercitatione longa talis tandem euasit orator Poeta quales ea aetas tarissimos mitriebat Ob id Richardo Anglorum time Regi charus longam cum eo peregrinationem in Palestinam ac Sytiam dum expugnaret Turcas suscepit Vnde in Angliam tum demum reuersus omnia quâ—â— pâ—â—â—sens vidit in vâ—bibus agris ac milâ—â—um castris fideli narratione tam carmine quà m prosae descripsit Neque interim omisit eiusdem Regis mores formam per omnia corporis lineamenta de signare â—â—diditque praeclaro suo operi hoc aptissimum pro titulo nomem â—â—ifceâ— Itinerarium Regis Richardi Claruit anno redemptionis nostrae 1200. sub â—oanno Anglorum Regâ— The same in English RIchard surnamed Canonicus an obseruant Frier of Trinitie Church in London was in great loue with the studies of good Artes and tooke paines in them and learned them And at last by his continuall endeuour and long exercise therein hee grewe to bee such an Oratour and Poet as fewe were in that age liuing by reason whereof hee grew in fauour with Richard then King of England and vndertooke that long voyage with him into Palestina and Syria agaynst the Turkes From whence being returned againe into England hee faithfully described both in Uerse and Prose all such things as hee had seene in the Cities fieldes and tentes of the souldiours where hee was present and omitted not to note the behauiour forme and proportion of body in the foresayd king giuing to his notable worke this most apt name for the titleâ— The Iournall of King Richard He flourished in the yeere of our Redemption 1200. vnder Iohn king of England ¶ The trauailes of Gulielmus Peregrinus GVlielmus Peregriâ—us Poeta quidem per eam aetatem excellens genere Anglus florebat literarum vt multi tunc erant amator maximus qui bona tempora melioribus impenderat studijs Hic cum acâ—episset expeditionem in Saracenos per Regem Richardum parari accinxit se ad iter illud non tantum vt miles sed etiam peregrinus Vidit ea quae in Mari Hispanico fiebant vidit quae in Syria Palestina commissa fuerunt in Sultanum Babylonie Regem ac perfidos Saracenos Omnia haec scripsit viuis depinxit coloribus ita vt quasi prae oculis totum poneret negotium idémque Argumentum cum Richardo Canonico non inâ—oeliciter Heroico pertractauit carmine opúsque iam absolutum Huberto Cantuariorum Archiepiscopo Stephano Turnhamo Capitaneo rerum bellicarum expertissimo dedicauit additâ— hoc titulo Odepoâ—icon Richardi Regis Multáque alia edidisse Poetam talem non dubito sed num extent illa eius scripta mihi non constat Hoc ramen satis constat eum fuisse in pretio Anno à salutisero virginis partu 1200. sub Anglorum Rege Ioanne The same in English VVIlliam the Pilgrime a very excellent Poet in those dayes and an Englishman borne was of great fame being much giuen to good letters as many then were and bestowed his good time in the best kinde of studies Hee vnderstanding of the preparation of king Richard against the Saracens prepared himselfe also for the same voyage not onely as a Souldiour but as a Pilgrime also He sawe those things which happened in the Spanish Seas and which were done in Syria and Palestina against the Sultan the king of Babylon and the trecherous Saracens All which things he wrote and expressed them as it were in liuely colours as if they had bene still in doing before his eyes and handled the same Argument in Heroicall verse which the forenamed Richard Canonicus did And hauing finished his worke he dedicated it to Hubert Archbishop of Canterburie and to Stephen Turneham a most expert Captaine of the warres giuing it this Title The expedition of King Richard And I doubt not but that so good a Poet as hee was published many other things but whether they be extanâ— yea or no I know not but this I know that he was a man well accounted of and flourished in the yeere after the birth of Christ 1200. vnder king Iohn The large contribution to the succour of the Holy land made by king Iohn king of England in the third yeere of his reigne 1201. Matth. Paris and Holinsh. pag. 164. AT the same time alâ—o the kings of France and England gaue large money towards the maintenance of the army which at this present went fâ—orth vnder the leading of the earle of Flanders and other to warre against the enemies of the Christian faith at the instance of pope Innocent There was furthermore granted vnto them the fortieth part of all the reuenues belonging vnto ecclesiasticall persons towards the ayd of the Christians then being in the Holy land and all such aswel of the nobility as other of the weaker sort which had taken vpon them the crosse and secretly layed it downe were compelled eft soones to receiue it now againe The trauailes of Hubert VValter bishop of Sarisburie HVbertus Walterus Sarisburiensis Episcopus vir probus ingenióque ac pictate clarus inter praecipuos vnus eorum erat qui post Richardum regem expugnandorum Saracenorum gratia in Syriam proficisce bantur Cum ex Palestina rediens audiret in Sicilia quod idem Richardus in inimicorum manus incidisset omisso itinere incoepto ad eum cursim diuertebat Quem ille statim in Angliam misit vt illic regij Senatus authoritate indicto pro eius redemptione tributo pecuniam colligeret quod industrius fecit ac regem liberauit Inde Cantuariorum Archiepiscopus factus post eius mortem Ioanni illius fratri ac successori paria fidelitatis officia praestitit Longa enim oratione toti Anglorum nationi â—ersuasit quod vir prouidus praestans fortis genere nobilissimus imperio dignissimus eiset quo salutatus a populo fuit aâ—que in regem coronatus Composuit quaedam opuscula ex immenso animi dolore demum obijsse fertur Anno salutis humanae 1205. cum sedisset annos 11. Menses octo dies sex quum vidisset ex intestinis odijs omnia in transmarinis regionibus pessùm ire regnante Ioanne The same in
and some other spices The saide shippe called the Holy Crosse was so shaken in this voyage and so weakened that she was layd vp in the docke and neuer made voyage after Another voyage to the Iles of Candia and Chio made by the shippe the Mathew Gonson about the yeere 1535 according to the relation of Iohn Williamson then Cooper in the same ship made to M. Richard Hackluit in the yeere 1592. THe good shippe called the Mathew Gonson of burden 300 tunnes whereof was owner old M. William Gonson pay-master of the kings Nauie made her voyage in the yere 1535. In this ship went as Captaine Richard Gray who long after died in Russia Master William Holftocke afterward Controuller of the Queenes Nauie went then as purser in the same voyage The Master was one Iohn Pichet seruant to old M. William Gonson Iames Rumnie was Masters mate The master cooper was Iohn Williamson citizen of London liuing in the yeere 1592 and dwelling in Sant Dunstons parish in the East The M. Gunner was Iohn Godfrey of Bristoll In this ship were 6 gunners and 4 trumpetters all which foure trumpetters at our returne homewards went on land at Messina in the Iland of Sicilia as our ship road there at anker gat them into the Gallies that lay neere vnto vs in them went to Rome The whole number of our companie in this ship were about 100. men we were also furnished with a great bote which was able to cary 10 tunnes of water which at our returne homewards we towed all the way from Chio vntill we came through the straight of Gibaltar into the maine Ocean We had also a great long boat and a skiff We were out vpon this voyage eleuen moneths yet in all this time there died of sicknesse but one man whose name was George Forrest being seruant to our Carpenter called Thomas Plummer In a great lygier booke of one William Eyms seruant vnto Sir William Bowyerâ— Alderman of London bearing date the 15 of Nouember 1533 and continued vntill the 4 of Iuly 1544. I find that he the said William Eyms was factor in Chio not only for his Master but also for the duke of Norfolkes grace for many other worshipful marchants of London among whom I find the accompts of these especially to wit of his said Master sir William Bowyer of William Nicholas Wilford Marchant-taylors of London of Thomas Curtis pewterer of Iohn Starky Merter of William Ostrige Marchant of Richard Field Draper And further I find in the said ligier booke a note of the said Eyms of all such goods as he left in the hands of Robert Bye in Chio who became his Masters factor in his roome and another like note of particulers of goods that he left in the hands of Oliuer Lesson seruant to William and Nicholas Wilford And for proofe of the continuance of this trade vntill the end of the yeere 1552. I found annexed vnto the former note of the goods left with Robert Bye in Chio a letter being dated the 27 of Nouember 1552 in London The Epitaph of the valiant Esquire M. Peter Read in the south I le of Saint Peters Church in the citie of Norwich which was knighted by Charles the fift at the winning of Tunis in the yeere of our Lord 1538. HEre vnder lyeth the corpes of Peter Reade Esquire who hath worthily serued not onely his Prince and Countrey but also the Emperour Charles the fift both at his conquest of Bâ—rbarie and at his siege at Tunis as also in other places Who had giuen him by the sayd Emperour for his valiant deedes the order of Barbary Who dyed the 29 day of December in the yeere of our Lord God 1566. The voyage of Sir Thomas Chaloner to Alger with Charles the fift 1541 drawen out of his booke De Republica Anglorum instauranda THomas Chalonerus patria Londinensis studio Cantabrigensis educatione aulicus religione pius veréque Christianus fuit Itaque cum inuenilem aetatemâ— mentemque suam humanioribus studijs roborasset Domino Henrico Kneuetto à potentissimo rege Henrico eius nominis octauo ad Carolum quintum imperatorem transmisâ—o legato vnà cum illo profectus est tanquam familiaris amicus veleidem à confilijs Quo quidem tempore Carolo quinto nauali certamine à Genua Corsica in Algyram in Africa contra Turcas classem soluente ac hostiliter proficiscente ornatissimo illo Kneuetto legato regis Thoma Chalonero Henrico Knolleo Henrico Isamo illustribus viris eundem in illa expeditione suapte sponte sequentibus pariterque militantibus mirifice vitam suam Chalonerus tutatus est Nam triremi illa in qua fuerat vel scopulis allisa vel grauissimis procellis conquassata naufragus cum se diù natatu defendisset deficientibus viribus brachijs manibusque languidis ac quasi eneruatis prehensa dentibus cum maxima difficultate rudenti quae ex altera triremi iam propinqua tum fuerat eiecta non sine dentium aliquorum iactura ac fractura sese tandem recuperauit ac domum integer relapsus est The same in English THomas Chaloner was by birth a Londiner by studie a Cantabrigian by education a Courtier by religion a deuout and true Christian. Therfore after he had confirmed his youth and minde in the studies of good learning when Sir Henry Kneuet was sent ambassadour from the mighty Prince Henry the 8. to the Emperour Charles the fift he went with him as his familiar friend or as one of his Councell At which time the said Charles the 5. passing ouer from Genoa and Corsica to Alger in Africa in warlike sort with a mighty army by sea that honorable Kneuet the kings ambassadour Thomas Chaloner Henry Knolles and Henry Isham right worthy persons of their owne accord accompanied him in that expedition serued him in that warre wherin Thomas Chaloner escaped most wonderfully with his life For the gally wherein he was being either dashed against the rockes or shaken with mighty stormes and so cast away after he had saued himselfe a long while by swimming when his strength failed him his armes hands being faint and weary with great difficulty laying hold with his teeth on a cable which was cast out of the next gally not without breaking and losse of certaine of his teeth at length recouered himselfe and returned home into his countrey in safety The voyage of M. Roger Bodenham with the great Barke Aucher to Candia and Chio in the yeere 1550. IN the yeere 1550. the 13 of Nouember I Roger Bodenham Captaine of the Barke Aucher entered the said ship at Grauesend for my voiage to the Ilands of Candia and Chio in the Leuant The master of my ship was one William Sherwood From thence we departed to â—ilbery hope and there remained with contrarie windes vntill the 6. of Ianuary 1551. The 6 of Ianuarie the M. came to Tilbery and I had prouided a skilfull pylot to
that way that they were now in a newe maze thinking that God had forsaken them and left them to a greater danger And forasmuch as there were no victuals now left in the gally it might haue beene a cause to them if they had beene the Israelites to haue murmured against their God but they knew how that their God who had deliuered them out of AEgypt was such a louing and mercifull God as that hee would not suffer them to be conformded in whom he had wrought so great a wonder but what calamitie soeuer they sustained they knew it was but for their further triall and also in putting them in mind of their farther miserie to cause them not to triumph and glory in themselues therefore Hauing I say no victuals in the gally it might seeme that one miserie continually fel vpon an others neck but to be briefe the famine grew to be so great that in 28 dayes wherein they were on the sea there died eight persons to the astonishment of all the rest So it fell out that vpon the 29 day after they set from Alexandria they fell on the Isle of Candie and landed at Gallipoli where they were made much of by the Abbot and Monks there who caused them to stay there while they were well refreshed and eased They kept there the sworde wherewith Iohn Fox had killed the keeper esteeming it as a most precious iewell and hung it vp for a monument When they thought good hauing leaue to depart from thence they sayled along the coast till they arriued at Tarento where they solde their gallie and deuided it euery man hauing a part thereof The Turkes receiuing so shamefull a foile at their hand pursued the Christians and scoured the seas where they could imagine that they had bent their course And the Christians had departed from thence on the one day in the morning and seuen gallies of the Turkes came thither that night as it was certified by those who followed Fox and his companie fearing least they should haue bene met with And then they came a foote to Naples where they departed a sunder euery man taking him to his next way home From whence Iohn Fox tooke his iourney vnto Rome where he was well entertayned of an Englishman who presented his worthy deede vnto the Pope who rewarded him liberally and gaue him his letters vnto the king of Spaine where he was very well entertained of him there who for this his most worthy enterprise gaue him in fee twentie pence a day From whence being desirous to come into his owne countrie he came thither at such time as he conueniently could which was in the yeere of our Lorde God 1579. Who being come into England went vnto the Court and shewed all his trauell vnto the Councell who considering of the state of this man in that hee had spent and lost a great part of his youth in thraldome and bondage extended to him their liberalitie to helpe to maintaine him now in age to their right honour and to the incouragement of all true hearted Christians The copie of the certificate for Iohn Fox and his companie made by the Prior and the brethren of Gallipoli where they first landed VVE the Prior and Fathers of the Couent of the Amerciates of the city of Gallipoli of the order of Preachers doe testifie that vpon the 29 of Ianuary last past 1577 there came in to the said citie a certaine gally from Alexandria taken from the Turkes with two hundreth fiftie and eight Christians whereof was principal Master Iohn Fox an Englishman a gunner and one of the chiefest that did accomplish that great worke whereby so many Christians haue recouered their liberties In token and remembrance whereof vpon our earnest request to the same Iohn Fox he hath left here an olde sworde wherewith he slewe the keeper of the prison which sword we doe as a monument and memoriall of so worthy a deede hang vp in the chiefe place of our Couent house And for because all things aforesaid are such as we will testifie to be true as they are orderly passed and haue therefore good credite that so much as is aboue expressed is true and for the more faith thereof we the Prior and Fathers aforesaide haue ratified and subscribed these presents Geuen in Gallipoly the third of Februarie 1577. I Frier Vincent Barba Prior of the same place confirme the premisses as they are aboue written I Frier Albert Damaro of Gallipoly Subprior confirme as much I Frier Anthony Celleler of Gallipoly confirme as aforesaid I Frier Bartlemew of Gallipoly confirme as aboue said I Frier Francis of Gallipoly confirme as much The Bishop of Rome his letters in the behalfe of Iohn Fox BE it knowen vnto all men to whom this writing shall come that the bringer hereof Iohn Fox Englishman a Gunner after he had serued captiue in the Turkes gallies by the space of foureteene yeeres at length thorough God his helpe taking good oportunitie the third of Ianuarie last past slew the keeper of the prison whom he first stroke on the face together with foure and twentie other Turkes by the assistance of his fellow prisoners and with 266. Christians of whose libertie he was the author launched from Alexandria and from thence arriued first at Gallipoly in Candie and afterwardes at Tarento in Apulia the written testimony and credite of which things as also of others the same Iohn Fox hath in publike tables from Naples Vpon Easter eue he came to Rome and is now determined to take his iourney to the Spanish Court hoping there to obtaine some reliefe toward his liuing wherefore the poore distressed man humbly beseecheth and we in his behalfe do in the bowels of Christ desire you that taking compassion of his former captiuitie and present penurie you doe not onely suffer him freely to passe throughout all your cities and townes but also succour him with your charitable almes the reward whereof you shall hereafter most assuredly receiue which we hope you will afford to him whom with tender affection of pitie wee commende vnto you At Rome the 20 of Aprill 1577. Thomas Grolos Englishman Bishop of Astraphen Richard Silleum Prior Angliae Andreas Ludouicus Register to our Soueraigne Lord the Pope which for the greater credit of the premises haue set my seale to these presents At Rome the day and yeere aboue written Mauricius Clement the gouernour and keeper of the English Hospitall in the citie The King of Spaine his letters to the Lieutenant for the placing of Iohn Fox in the office of a Gunner TO the illustrious Prince Vespasian Gonsaga Colonna our Lieutenant and Captaine Generall of our Realme of Valentia Hauing consideration that Iohn Fox Englishman hath serued vs and was one of the most principall which tooke away from the Turkes a certaine gallie which they haue brought to Tarento wherein were two hundred fiftie and eight Christian captiues we licence him to practise and giue him
charging that they be suffered to vse and trade all kind of marchandize as any other Christians doe withour â—et or disturbance of any Therefore when these our Imperiall letters shall be brought to your most excellent Regall Maiestie it shall be meet according to our beneuolence humanity and familiarity towards your most excellent Maiesty that you likewise bethinke yourselfe of your like beneuolence humanitie and friendshippe towards vs to open the gate thereof vnto vs and to nourish by all good meanes this kindnesse and friendship and that like libertie may be granted by your Highnesse to our subiects and merchants to come with their merchandizes to your dominions either by sea with their ships or by laâ—d with their wagons or horses and to returne home againe and that your most excellent Regall Maiestie do alwayes declare your humanitie good will and friendship towards vs and alwayes keepe open the dore thereof vnto vs. Giuen at our citie of Constantinople the fifteenth day of March and in the yeere of our most holy Prophet Mahomet 987. The answere of her Maiestie to the aforesaid Letters of the Great Turke sent the 25 of October 1579 in the Prudence of London by Master Richard Stanley ELIZABETHA Dei ter maximi vnici coeli terraeque Conditoris gratia Angliae Franciae Hiberniae regina fidei Christianae contra omnes omnium inter Christianos degentium Christi nomen falsò profitentium Idololatrias inuictissima potentissima Desensatrix augustissimo inuictissimoque principi Sultan Murad Can Turcici regni dominatori potentissimo Imperijque orientis Monarchae supra omnes soli supremo saluteÌ„ multos cum â—erum optimaruÌ„ affluentia foelices fortunatos annos Augustissime inuictissime Caesar accepimus inuictissimae Caesareae vestrae celsitudinis literas die decimoquinto Martij currentis anni ad nos scriptas Constantinopoli ex quibus intelligimus quà m benignè quà mque clementer literae supplices quae Caesareae vestrae celsitudini a quodam subdito nostro Gudielmo Hareborno in Imperiali Celsitudinis vestrae ciuitate Constantinopoli commorante offerebantur literae profectionis pro se socijs eius duobus hominibus mercatoribus subditis nostris cum mercibus suis ad terras ditionesque Imperio vestro subiectas tam per mare quà m per terras indeque reuersionis venie potestatisque humillimam complexae petitionem ab inuictissima vestra Caesarea celsitudine acceptae fuerunt Neque id solùm sed quà m mira cum facilitate dignaque augustissma Caesarea clementia quod erat in dictis literis supplicibus positum ei socijsque suis donatum concessum fuit pro ea vti videtur solùm opinione quam de nobis nostra amicitia vestra celsitudo concepit Quod singulare beneficium in dictos subditos nostros collatum tam gratè tamque beneuolè accepimus maximas celsitudini vestrae propterea agentes habentes gratias nullo vt vnquam patiemur tempore pro facultatum nostrarum ratione proque ea quam nobis inseuit ter maximus mundi monarcha Deus per quem cuius auspicijs regnamus naturae bonitate qua remotissimas nos esse voluit abhorrentes ab ingratitudinis omni vel minima suspitione docuitque nullorum vnquam vt principum vllis in nos meritis nos sineremus vinci aut superari vt apud ingratam principem tantum beneficium deposuisse se vestra Celsitudo existimer Proptereaque animum nostrum inpraesentiarum vestrae celsitudini emetimur benè sentiendo praedicando quantopere nos obstrictas beneficij huius in subditos nostros collati putemus memoriâ sempiternâ longè vberiorem ampliorem gratitudinis erga vestram celsitudinem nostrae testificationem daturae cum tempora incident vt possimus à nobis desiderabitur Quoniam autem quae nostris paucis subditis eaque suis ipsorum precibus sine vlla intercessione nostra concessa donatio est in aequè libera potestate sita est ad omnes terâ—as ditionesque Imperio vestro subiectas cum mercibus suis tam per mare quà m per terras eundi redeundi atque inuictissime Caesareae vestrae celsitudinis confoederatis Gallis Polonis Venetis atque adeo regis Romanorum subditis largita vnquam aut donata suit celsitudinem vestram rogamus ne tam singularis beneficentiae laus in tam angustis terminis duotum aut trium hominum concludatur sed ad vniuersos subditos nostros diffusa propagatáque celsitudinis vestrae beneficium eò reddat augustius quò eiusdem donatio latiùs patebit ad plures pertinebit Cuius tam singularis in nos beneficij meritum eò erit celsitudini vestrae minus poenitendum quò sunt merces illae quibus regna nostra abundant aliorum principuÌ„ ditiones egent tam humanis vsibus commodae tamque necessarie nulla gens vt sit quae eis carere queat proptereaque longissimis difficillimisque itineribus conquisitis non vehementer gaudeat Cariùs autem distrahunt alijs quo ex labore suo quÃsque victum quaestum quaeritat adeo vt in earum acquisitione vtilitas in emptione autem ab alijs onus sit Vtilitas celsitudinis vestrae subditis augebitur liberá hac paucorum nostrorum hominum ad terras vestras profectione onus minuetur profectionis quorumcúnque subditorum nostrorum donatione Accedet praeterea quae à nobis in celsitudinis vestrae subditos proficiscetur par equáque mercium exercendarum libertas quoties quando voluerint ad regna dominiáque nostra mercaturae gratia accedere Quam celsitudini vestrae pollicemur tam amplam latéque patentem fore quám est vlla â confoederatorum vestrorum vllis principibus antedictis regibus videlicet Romanorum Gallorum Polonorum ac republica Veneta celsitudinis vestrae subditis vllo vnquam tempore concessa donata Qua in re si honestae petitioni nostrae inuictissima Caesarea vestra celsitudo dignabitur auscultare faciétque vt acceptis nostris literis intelligamus gratum nè habitura sit quod ab ea contendimus rogamus ea proposita praestitáque securitate quae subditos nostros quoscúnque ad dominia sua terra marÃque proficiscentes indéque reuertentes tutos securos reddat ab omni quorumcúnque subditorum suorum iniuria efficiemus vt quae Deus opt max. in regna dominiáque nostra contulit commoda quae tam singularia sunt omnium vt principum animos pelliccant ad amicitiam summeque necessitudinis coniunctionem nobiscum contrabendam stabiliendámque quo liberius tantis summi Dei beneficijs fruantur quibus carere nequeunt nostri subditi ad regna dominiáque Celsitudinis vestrae aduehant tam affluenter támque cumulate vt vtrÃque incommodo praedicto necessitatis oneris plenissimè succurratur Facit praetereá singularis ista Celsitudinis vestre in nos Gentémque nostram summae beneuolentiae significatio ac fides vt eandem in
other people as well within this our Realme of England as else where vnder our obeysance iurisdiction or otherwise vnto whom these our letters shall be seene shewed or read greeting Where our welbeloued Subiects Edward Osborne Alderman of our Citie of London and Richard Staper of our sayde City Marchant haue by great aduenture and industrie with their great costes and charges by the space of sundry late yeeres trauailed and caused trauaile to bee taken as well by secret and good meanes as by dangerous wayes and passages both by lande and Sea to finde out and set open a trade of Marchandize and trafique into the Lands Islands dominions and territories of the great Turke commonly called the Grand Signior not heretofore in the memory of any man nowe liuing knowen to be commonly vsed and frequented by way of marchandise by anâ— the Marchants or any Subiects of vs or our progenitours and also haue by their like good meanes and industrie and great charges procured of the sayde Grand Signior in our name amitie safetie and freedome for trade and trafique of Marchandise to bee vsed and continued by our Subiects within his sayde Dominions whereby there is good and apparant hope and likelyhoode both that many good offices may bee done for the peace of Christendome and reliefe of many Christians that bee or may happen to bee in thraldome or necessitie vnder the sayde Grand Signior his vassals or Subiects and also good and profitable vent and vtterance may be had of the commodities of our Realme and sundry other great benefites to the aduancement of our honour and dignitie Royall the increase of the reuenues of our Crowne and generall wealth of our Realme Knowe ye that hereupon wee greatly tendering the wealth of our people and the incouragement of our Subiects in their good enterprises for the aduauncement of the Common weale haue of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion giuen and graunted and by these presents for vs our heires and successours doe giue and graunt vnto our sayd trustie and welbeloued Subiects Edward Osborne and vnto Thomas Smith of London Esquier Richard Staper and William Garret of London Marchants their executors and administrators and to the executours and administratours of them and of euery of them that they and euery of them and such other person and persons Englishmen borne not exceeding the number of twelue as they the sayde Edward and Richard shall appoint nominate or admit to be parteners aduenturers or doers with them the sayde Edward Thomas Richard and William in their societie by themselues their seruants Factours or deputies and to such others as shall bee nominated according to the tenour of these our letters Patents shall and may during the terme of seuen yeeres from the date of these Patents freely trade trafique and vse feates of Marchandise into and from the dominions of the sayde Grand Signior and euery of them in such order and maner forme liberties and condition to all intents and purposes as shal be betweene them limitted and agreed and not otherwise without any molestation impeachment or disturbance any Lawe statute vsage diuersitie of religion or faith or other cause or matter whatsoeuer to the contrary notwithstanding And that it shal be lawful to the said Edward and Richard their executors and administrators during the said terme to appoint or admit to be parteners and aduenturers with them the sayde Edward Thomas Richard and William such persons not exceeding the number of twelue as afore is said to trafique and vse the said trade feate of marchandise according to our saide graunt And that all and euery such person and persons as shall hereafter fortune to bee appointed or admitted as parteners in the said trade or trafique according to these our letters patents shall and may from the time of such appointment or admittance haue and enioy the freedome and libertie of the said trade and trafique during the residue of the said terme of seuen yeeres accordâ—ng to such limitation and agreement as is aforesaide and that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the saide Edward Thomas Richard and William their executours and administratours seruants factours and deputies and all such as shall be so appointed nominated or admitted to bee parteners or aduenturers in the saide trade or so many of them as can and will to assemble themselues for or about any the matters causes affaires or businesse of the saide trade in any place or places for the same conuenient from time to time during the said terme of 7. yeres within our dominions or elsewhere and to make ordeine and constitute reasonable lawes and ordinances for the good gouernment of the said Company and for the better aduancement and continuance of the said trade and trafique not being contrary or repugnant to the lawes estatutes or customes of our Realme and the same lawes or ordinances so made to put in vse and execute accordingly and at their pleasures to reuoke the same lawes and ordinances or any of them as occasion shall require And in consideration that the said Edward Osborne hath bene the principall setter foorth and doer in the opening putting in vre of the said trade we do therfore especially ordeine constitute and prouide by these patents that the saide Edward Osborne shall be gouernour of all such as by vertue of these our letters patents shall be parteners aduenturers or trafiquers in the said trade during the said terme of seuen yeeres if hee so long liue And that if the said Edward shall happen to decease during the saide terme the saide Richard Staper then liuing then the sayd Richard Staper shall likewise be gouernour during the residue of the said terme if he so long liue and that if the said Edward and Richard shall both happen to decease during the said terme then the partners or aduenturers for the time being or the greatest part of them shall from time to time as necessitie shall require choose and elect a gouernour of the said Company Prouided alwayes that if there shall happen any great or vrgent occasion to remooue or displace any person that shall be gouernour of the saide fellowship that then it shall and may be lawfull for vs our heires and successours to remooue and displace euery such gouernour and to place another of the said fellowship in the same office during such time as such person should haue enioyed the same according to this our graunt if there had bene no cause to the contrary And we further for vs our heires and successors of our especiall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion do graunt to the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret their executors and administrators that nothing shall bee done to be of force or validitie touching the sayde trade or trafique or the exercise thereof without or against the consent of the said Edward during such time as hee shall bee Goâ—ernour as afore is saide And after that
haue bene brought in that were not here before as the Damaske rose by Doctour Linaker king Henry the seuenth and king Henrie the eights Physician the Turky cocks and hennes about fifty yeres past the Artichowe in time of king Henry the eight and of later time was procured out of Italy the Muske rose plant the plumme called the Perdigwena and two kindes more by the Lord Cromwell after his crauell and the Abricot by a French Priest one Wolfe Gardiner to king Henry the eight and now within these foure yeeres there haue bene brought into England from Vienna in Austria diuers kinds of flowers called Tulipas and those and other procured thither a little before from Constantinople by an excellent man called M. Carolus Clusius And it is sayd that since we traded to Zante that the plant that beareth the Coren is also brought into this realme from thence and although it bring not fruit to perfection yet it may serue for pleasure and for some vse like as our vines doe which we cannot well spare although the climat so colde will not permit vs to haue good wines of them And many other things haue bene brought in that haue degenerated by reason of the colde climat some other things brought in haue by negligence bene lost The Archboshop of Canterburie Edmund Grindall after he returned out of Germany brought into this realme the plant of Tamariske from thence and this plant he hath so increased that there be here thousands of them and many people haue receiued great health by this plant and if of things brought in such care were had then could not the first labour be lost The seed of Tabacco hath bene brought hither out of the West Indies it groweth heere and with the herbe many haue bene eased of the remnes c. Each one of a great number of things were woorthy of a iourney to be made into Spaine Italy Barbarie Egypt Zante Constantinople the West Indies and to diuers other places neerer and further off then any of these yet forasmuch as the poore are not able and for that the rich setled at home in quiet will not therefore we are to make sute to such as repaire to forren kingdomes for other businesses to haue some care heerein and to set before their eyes the examples of these good men and to endeuour to do for their parts the like as their speciall businesses may permit the same Thus giuing you occasion by way of a little rememembrance to haue a desire to do your countrey good you shall if you haue any inclination to such good do more good to the poore ready to starue for reliefe then euer any subiect did in this realme by building of Almeshouses and by giuing of lands and goods to the reliefe of the poore Thus may you helpe to driue idlenesse the mother of most mischiefs out of the realme and winne you perpetuall fame and the prayer of the poore which is more woorth then all the golde of Peru and of all the West Indies The voyage of the Susan of London to Constantinople wherein the worshipfull M. William Harborne was sent first Ambassadour vnto Sultan Murad Can the great Turke with whom he continued as her Maiesties Ligier almost sixe yeeres THe 14 of Nouember 1582 we departed from Blackewall bound for the Citie of Constantinople in the tall shippe called the Susan of London the Master whereof was Richard Parsons a very excellent and skilfull man in his facultie But by occasion of contrary weather we spent two moneths before we could recouer the Rowes in the Isle of Wight Where the 14 of Ianuary following we tooke in the worshipfull M. William Hareborne her Maiesties Ambassadour to the Turke and his company and sailed thence to Yarmouth in the foresayd Isle of Wight The 19 we put from Wight The 26 we did see Cauo de Sant Vincente The same day we were thwart of Cauo Santa Maria. The 27 we passed by Tariffa and Gibraltar The 28 in the morning we passed by Velez Malaga and that night were thwart of Cauo de Gates The 29â— at night we had sight of Cauo de Palos The 30 in the morning we did see the high land of Denia in the kingdome of Valentia and that night we had sight of the Iland Formentera The 31 in the morning appeared the Iland of Cabrera The first of February we put into a Port in Mallorca called Porto de Sant Pedro where they would haue euill intreated vs for comming into the Harbour we thought we might haue bene as bolde there as in other places of Christendome but it proued farre otherwise The first man we met on land was a simple Shepheard of whom we demanded whether we might haue a sheepe or such like to refresh our selues who tolde vs yea And by such conference had with him at the last he came aboord once or twise and had the best cheare that we could make him and our Ambassadour himselfe talked with him and still he made vs faire promises but nothing at all meant to performe the same as the end shewed In the meane time came in a shippe of Marseils the Master whereof did know our Ambassadour very well with whom our Ambassadour had conference and with his Marchants also They came from Alger in Barbarie which is vnder the gouernement of the Great Turke They did present our Ambassadour with an Ape wherefore he made very much of them and had them often aboord By them I suppose he was bewrayed of his purpose as touching his message but yet still we had faire words of the Shepheard aforesayd and others So that vpon their words our Purser and another man went to a Towne which was three or foure miles from the port and there were well entertained and had of the people very faire speeches and such small things as could be gotten vpon the sudden and so returned to the shippe that day Then wee were emboldened and thought all had bene well according to their talke The next day being the sixth day of Februarie two of our Gentlemen with one of our Marchants and the Purser and one of the Ambassadours men went to the Towne aforesayd thinking to doe as the Purser and the other had done before but it prooued contrary for at their comming thither they had faire wordes a while and had bread and wine and such necessaries for their money vntill such time as they were beset with men and the Maiorcans neuer shewed in their countenance any such matter but as the maner of all the people in the dominions of Spaine is for the most part to be trecherous to vs if they thinke they haue any aduantage For vpon the sudden they layed handes on them and put them in holde as sure as might be in such a simple Towne Then were they well guarded with men both day and night and still deluded with faire words
sword and he tooke their city which was very mighty seated vpon the sea which is called Ceuta in their language Confirmatio treugarum inter Regem Angliae Eduardum quartum Ioannem secundum Regem Portugalliae datarum in oppido montis Maioris 8 Februarij apud Westmonasterium 12 Septembris 1482 anno regni 22 Regis Eduardi quarti lingua Lusitanica ex opere sequenti excerpta Libro das obras de Garcia de Resende que tracta da vida è feitos del Rey dom Ioham secundo Embaixada que el Rey mandou à el Rey d' Inglaterra cap. 33. EDa qui de Monte Mor mandou el Rey por embaixadores à el rey dom Duarte de Inglaterra Ruy de Sousa pessoa principal è de muyto bon saber é credito de que el Rey muyto confiaua é ho doutor Ioam d' Eluas é Fernam de Pina por secretario E for am por mar muy honradamente com may boa companhia hos quaes foram en nome del Rey confirmar as ligas antiquas com Inglaterra que polla condisan dellus ho nouo Rey de hum reyno é do outro era obrigado à mandar confirmar é tambien pera mostrarem ho titolo que el rey tinha no senhorio de Guinee pera que depois de visto el rey d'Inglaterra defendesse em todos seus reynos que ninguen armassenem podesse mandar à Guinee é assi mandasse desfazer huna armada que pera laa faziam per mandado do Duque de Medina Sidonia hum Ioam Tintam é bum Guilherme Fabiam Ingreses Com ha qual embaixada el rey d' Inglaterra mostrou receber grande contentamento é foy delle com muyta honra recebida é em tudo fez inteiramente ho que pellos embaixadores Ibe foy requerido De que elles trouxeran autenticas escrituras das diligencias que con pubricos pregones fizeram é assi as prouisones das aprouasones que eran necessarias é com tudo muyto ben acabado é ha vontade del rey se vieram The Ambassage which king Iohn the second king of Portugall sent to Edward the fourth king of England which in part was to stay one Iohn Tintam and one William Fabian English men from proceeding in a voyage which they were preparing for Guinea 1481 taken out of the booke of the workes of Gracias de Resende which intreateth of the life and acts of Don Iohn the second king of Portugall Chap. 33. ANd afterwards the king sent as Ambassadours from the towne of Monte maior to king Edward the fourth of England Ruy de Sonsa a principall person and a man of great wisedome and estimation and in whom the king reposed great trust with doctor Iohn d'Eluas and Ferdinand de Pina as secretarie And they made their voyage by sea very honourably being very well accompanied These men were sent on the behalfe of their king to confirme the ancient leagues with England wherein it was conditioned that the new king of the one and of the other kingdome should be bound to send to confirme the olde leagues And likewise they had order to shew and make him acquainted with the title which the king held in the segneury of Ginnee to the intent that after the king of England had seene the same he should giue charge thorow all his kingdomes that no man should arme or set foorth ships to Ginnee and also to request him that it would please him to giue commandement to dissolue a certaine fleet which one Iohn Tintam and one William Fabian English men were making by commandement of the duke of Medina Sidonia to goe to the aforesayd parts of Ginnee With which ambassage the king of England seemed to be very well pleased and they were receiued of him with very great honour and he condescended vnto all that the ambassadours required of him at whose hands they receiued authenticall writings of the diligence which they had performed with publication thereof by the heralds and also prouisoes of those confirmations which were necessary And hauing dispatched all things well and with the kings good will they returned home into their countrey A briefe note concerning an ancient trade of the English Marchants to the Canarie-ilands gathered out of an olde ligier booke of M. Nicolas Thorne the elder a worshipfull marchant of the city of Bristoll IT appeareth euidently out of a certaine note or letter of remembrance in the custody of me Richard Hakluyt written by M. Nicolas Thorne the elder a principall marchant of Bristoll to his friend and factour Thomas Midnall and his owne seruant William Ballard at that time resident at S. Lucar in Andeluzia that in the yeere of our Lord 1526 and by all circumstances and probabilities long before certaine English marchants and among the rest himselfe with one Thomas Spacheford exercised vsuall and ordinary trade of marchandise vnto the Canarie Ilands For by the sayd letter notice was giuen to Thomas Midnall and William Ballard aforesayd that a certaine ship called The Christopher of Cadiz bound for the West Indies had taken in certaine fardels of cloth both course and fine broad and narrow of diuers sorts and colours some arouas of packthreed sixe cerons or bagges of sope with other goods of M. Nicolas Thorne to be deliuered at Santa Cruz the chiefe towne in Tenerifa one of the seuen Canary-ilands All which commodities the sayd Thomas and William were authorised by the owner in the letter before mentioned to barter sell away at Santa Cruz. And in lieu of such mony as should arise of the sale of those goods they were appointed to returne backe into England good store of Orchell which is a certaine kinde of mosse growing vpon high rocks in those dayes much vsed to die withall some quantity of sugar and certaine hundreds of kid-skinnes For the procuring of which and of other commodities at the best and first hand the sayd Thomas and William were to make their abode at Santa Cruz and to remaine there as factours for the abouesayd M. Nicolas Thorne And here also I thought good to signifie that in the sayd letters mention is made of one Thomas Tison an English man who before the foresayd yere 1526 had found the way to the West Indies and was there resident vnto whom the sayd M. Nicolas Thorne sent certaine armour and other commodities specified in the letter aforesayd A description of the fortunate Ilands otherwise called the Ilands of Canaria with their strange fruits and commodities composed by Thomas Nicols English man who remained there the space of seuen yeeres together MIne intent is particularly to speake of the Canaria Ilands which are seuen in number wherein I dwelt the space of seuen yeres and more because I finde such variety in sundry writers and especially great vntruths in a booke called The New found world Antarctike set out by a French man called Andrew Theuet the which
de monte The 17 a darke drowsie day this was the first night that I tooke the North starre The 26 a temperate day with litle winde and we were in 12 degrees and 13 minutes of latitude The 30 we met a great sea out of the Northwest The 6 of Iune we found it as temperate as if we had beene in England yet we were within the height of the sunne for it was declined 23 degrees and 26 minuts to the Northward and we had 15 degrees of latitude The 8 faire and temperate as in England here we met with a counter sea out of the Southborde The 15 a faire temperate day the winde variable here we had 18 degrees and fiftie nine minutes The 12 of Iuly in 30 degrees of latitude we met with great store of rockweed which did stick together like clusters of grapes and this continued with vs vntill the 17 of the said moneth and then we saw no more at which 17 day we were in two and thirtie degrees sixe and fortie minutes of latitude The 25 at sixe of the clocke in the morning we had sight of the Isle of Pike it bare North and by East from vs we being 15 leagues off The 27 we spake with the poste of London and she told vs good newes of England The nine and twentieth we had sight of the Island of Cueruo and the 30 we saw the Island of Flores The 27 of August in 41 degrees of latitude we saw 9 saile of Britons and three of them followed vs vntill noone and then gaue vs ouer The 30 we had sight of Cape â—inisterre The eight of September at night wee put into Plimouth sound and road in Causon bay all night The 9 we put into Catwater and there stayed vntill the 28 of September by reason of want of men and sicknesse The nine and twentieth we set sayle from Plimouth and arriued at London the second of October 1589. The commodities that we caried in this voyage were cloth both linnen wollen yron worke of sundry sorts Manillios or bracelets of copper glasse beades and corrall The commodities that we brought home were pepper and Elephants teeth oyle of palme cloth made of Cotton wooll very curiously wouen and cloth made of the barke of palme trees Their money is pretie white shels for golde and siluer we saw none They haue also great store of cotton growing their bread is a kind of roots they call it Inamia and when it is well sodden I would leaue our bread to eat of it it is pleasant in eating and light of digestion the roote thereof is as bigge as a mans arme Our men vpon fish-dayes had rather eate the rootes with oyle and vineger then to eate good stockfish There are great store of palme trees out of the which they gather great store of wine which wine is white and very pleasant we should buy two gallons of it for 20 shels They haue good store of sope and it smelleth like beaten violets Also many pretie fine mats and baskets that they make and spoones of Elephants teeth very curiously wrought with diuers proportions of foules and beasts made vpon them There is vpon the coast wonderfull great lightning and thunder in so much as I neuer hard the like in no Countrey for it would make the decke or hatches tremble vnder our feete and before we were well acquainted with it we were fearefull but God be thanked we had no harme The people are very gentle and louing and they goe naked both men and women vntill they be married and then they goe couered from the middle downe to the knees They would bring our men earthen pottes of the quantitie of two gallons full of hony and hony combes for 100 shelles They would also bring great store of Oranges and Plantans which is a fruit that groweth vpon a tree and is very like vnto a Cucumber but very pleasant in eating It hath pleased God of his merceifull goodnesse to giue me the knowledge how to preserue fresh water with little cost which did serue vs sixe moneths at the sea when we came into Plimmouth it was much wondered at of the principal men of the towne who said that there was not sweeter water in any spring in Plimouth Thus both God prouide for his creatures vnto whom be praise now and for euermore Amen The voiage set forth by M. Iohn Newton and M. Iohn Bird marchants of London to the kindome and Citie of Benin in Africa with a ship called the Richard of Arundell and a pinnesse in the yere 1588. briefely set downe in this letter following written by the chiefe Factor in the voyage to the foresaid Marchants at the time of the ships first arriuall at Plimouth WOrshipful Sirs the discourse of our whole proceeding in this voyage wil aske more time and a person in better health then I am at this present so that I trust you will pardon me till my comming vp to you in the meane time let this suffice Whereas we departed in the moneth of December from the coast of England with your good ship the Richard of Arundell and the pinnesse we held on our direct course towards our appointed port and the 14 day of Februarie following we arriued in the hauen of Benin where we found not water enough to carry the ship ouer the barre so that we left her without in the road and with the pinnesse ship boat into which we had put the chiefest of our marchaÌ„dise we went vp the riuer to a place called Goto where we arriued the 20 of February the foresaid Goto being the neerest place that we could come to by water to go for Benin From thence we presently sent Negroes to the king to certifie him of our arriuall and of the cause of our comming thither who returned to vs againe the 22 day with a noble man in their company to bring vs vp to the Citie and with 200 Negroes to carrie out commodities hereupon the 23 day we deliuered our marchandize to the kings Factor the 25 day we came to the great Citie of Benin where we were well intertained The sixe twenty day we went to the Court to haue spoken with the king which by reason of a solemne feast then kept amongst them we could not doe but yet we spake with his Veadore or chiefe man that hath the dealing with the Christians and we conferred with him concerning our trading who answered vs that we should haue all things to our desire both in pepper and Elephants teeth The first of March we were admitted to the kings presence and he made vs the like courteous answere for our traffike the next day we went againe to the Court where the foresaid Veadore shewed vs one basket of greene pepper and another of dry in the stalkes wee desired to haue it plucked from the stalks and made cleane who answered that it would aske time but yet in
great fight before Greueling the 29 of Iuly Three Spanish shippes sucke in the fight Two galeons taken and caried into Zeland A small shippe cast away about Blankenberg The dishonourable flight of the Spanish nauy and the prudent aduice of the L. Admirall The English returne home from the pursute of y e Spaniards the 4. of August The Spaniards consult to saile round about Scotland and Ireland and so to returne home The shippewracke of the Spaniardes vpon the Irish coast Of 134 ships of the Spanish fleet there returned home but 53. New coines stamped for the memory of the Spaniards ouerthrow The people of England and of the vnited prouinces piaâ— fast and giue thanks vnto God 1. King cap 5. 2. Chron. cap. 2. Triadum liber A.D. 1058. A.D. 1064. A.D. 1051. A.D. 1064 According to Florentius Wigorniensis A.D. 1051. A.D. 1102. When the author was writing of this history Hic etiam Gullielmus Tyrensis claruit sub Henrico primo Claruit sub Stephano 1147. Tempore regis Stephâ—â—i 1173. 1177. The citie of Iconium intended to haue bene besieged Certaine noble men of the king of England were with the Emperor in his battell against the Soldan of Iconium ¶ The oth of fidelitie betwixt King Richard and the French kingâ— The discipline and orders of the king Messana won by the English The Nauie of king Richard The Lord Chamberlaine of King Richard left gouernour of Cyprus A great ship of Saracens taken by king Richard King Richard arriued at Achon The forme of peace concluded betweene the Kings and the Princes of Achon The French kings shamefull returne home The captiues of the Saracens slaine by King Richard A notable victorie against the Saladine King Richard in possession of Syria 1193. King Richard returneth from Palaestina The iust iudgment of God vpon the Duke of Austria Ciuitas Ioppe 1240. ‖ Or Long-sword A foâ—â— woâ— by the Eâ—glishmeâ— A rich bootie also gotten by the Englishmen The iniurie of the Frenchmen to our English Will. Longspee iâ—â—tly â—oâ—saketh y e French king The worthy answere of William Longspe â—o Earle Robert The â—owardly flight of Earle Robert The valiant ende of William Longespe The arriuall of prince Edward at Acra Nazareth taken by the prince A â—ictoâ—iâ— agaâ—nâ—â— the Saracâ—nsâ— whâ—rein 1000 oâ—â—heÌ„ were slâ—iâ—e The princes of Cyprus acknowledge obedâ—â—â—ce to the kings of England Prince â—dwâ—â—d â—raâ—â—â—oâ—sly wouâ—ded This lord Edmund was the prince his brother 1305. Armenia maior Tauris ciuitas Persiâ— Suleania Vel Casâ—ibin Gest. Como Ormus Thana Malabaâ— Polumbrum ciâ—itas Adoratio bouis Combastio mortuotum Mobat regnum vel Maliapor Crudelissima Sutanae tyrannis caâ—nificina Platonica xâ—â—oriae Simolâ—ra vel Samoâ—ra Iâ—uâ— Vel Malasmi Mare quod semper currit versus meridiem Vela ex â—â—ndinibus facta Campa Testudines magnae Moâ—moran Ceilan inâ—ula Bodin Insula Vel Ceâ—scala Hi sunt alcatraâ—â—i vel onocratoli Vel Zaâ—â—on Vel Foquien Magnum flumen Alias Cansai vel Quiâ—â—ai Pythagorica 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chilenâ—o Thalay Kakam Montu Caramoran Cambaleâ— Mandeuil cap. 33. Casan Tibec regio aliaÌ„â— Tebet Guillielmo de Rubricis Eadem historia de codem populo apud GuiltelmuÌ„ de Rubricis Mulierum parâ—i pedes Milestorite Pera. Trapesunda The citie of Azaron in Armenia maior Sobissacalo Tauris a citie of Persia. Or Sultania The Caspian sea Or Cassibin Geste Como The tower of Babel Ormus Thana whereof Frederick Câ—sar maketh mâ—ntion Malabar Or Alandrina Polumbrum The burning of their dead Mobar or Maliapor Perhaps he meaneth Comori Sumatra Iaua A sea running still Southward Sayles made of reedes Campa Tortoises Moumoran Or Dadin Or China Or Ceuskalâ— He meaneth Pellicans which the Spaniards cal Alcatâ—tarzi Or Zâ—iton A great riuer Foules catching fish Or Cansai or Qâ—inzai The Italian copy in Ramusius hath 11000. bridges Chilenfo Thalay Cakam Ianzu Karamoroâ— Sumacoto A lambe in a gourd His retuâ—ne Westward Casan ‖ Or Thebet The same story concerning the very same people is in William de Râ—brâ—cis Long nailes Melistorte In the reigne of Edward the third The Chronicles of Genoa 1394. Froyslare Thomas Walsingham Order taken for building of ships and gallies The taking of Belgrade Forren physicians become spies oftentimes A Portingale traitor Philip de Villiers great master Sir Ioh. Bourgh the English Turcoplier Harnest in April and May. A thousand more Turkes slaine before the English bulwarke Sir Will. Weston captaine of the English posterne hurt 64000. Turkâ— slaine at the siege of Rhodes He meaneth the Emperor the French king The Holy Crosse and the Mathew Gonson depart for Turkie The Mathew Gonson goeth into Turkie The Barke Aucher goeth for Leuant Mallorca Messina The Turke prepareth an army to besâ—ege Malta The Barke Aucher at Micone The towne of Chio is bound in 12000 ducats for the fafegard of the Barke Aucher The companie doe murmure against their Captaine The Turkes Gallies come to seeke the Barke Aâ—cher Fiue thousand banished men in Candia Master Richard Chancellour Master Mathew Baker The ship Fila Cauena departeth for Ierusalem Rouignio a port in Istria Sancta Eufemia Monte de Ancona Il pomo Sant Andrea Lissa an Iland Lezina Iland Catza Pelagosa Augusta Meleda Monte Sant Angelo Ragusa paâ—eth 14000. Sechinos to the Turke yerely Il Cromo Zupanna Isola de Mezo Sant Andrea Castle nouo Boca de Cataro The towne Cataro Budoa Antiueri Marcheuetti The end of Sclauonia and the beginning of Albania Puglia Cape Chimera Cape Otranto Il fano Corfu Palomide Cephalonia Morea Zante Iohn Locke and fiue Hollanders goe on land Santa Maria de la Croce The tombe of M. T. Cicero * Oi Aue. The descriptioÌ„ of the tombe Sant Elia bist one Frier The descriptioÌ„ of the Castle of Zante The Turke hath attempted the Iland of Zante The Castle of Torneste Twelue turks gallies at Modon and Coron and Candia Modon Coron Cauo Mattapan Candia Gozi Candia Cape Spada C. Salomon Ponta Malota Baffo Cauo Bianco Cauo de la garte Limisso Caualette in a certaine vernime in the Island of Cyprus The pilgrimes going to the Greeke churches A great currant A Cat fallen into the sea and recouâ—red They met with two Moores on land The two towers of Iaffa Scolio di Santo Petro. A messenger departeth for Ierusalem Mahomet is clothed in greene The Guardian of Ierusalem commeth to Iaffa with the Cady and Subassi A cloud called of the Italians Cion most dangerous A coniuration The pilgrimes returne from Ierusalem Mount Carmel Pesce columbini Cauo de la Griega Salini Arnacho di Salini Casalia Sixe horsemen to watch the salt pit Faâ—agusta Mozenigo Solde of Venice Castellani Saint Katherenâ— Chappel â—â— old Famagusta Diuers coines vnder ground Cornari a familie of Venice maried to king Iaques No vitalles must be sold our of the city of Famagusta Great ruines in Cyprus Cyprus 36. yeres disinhabited for lacke of water Cypr. ruinated by Rich. the 1. Nicosia A fountaine
thy sake bestowed vpon this first Volume which if thou shalt as thankefully accept as I haue willingly and freely imparted with thee I shall bee the better encouraged speedily to acquaint thee with those rare delightfull and profitable histories which I purpose God willing to publish concerning the Southerne and Westerne partes of the World ¶ Postscriptum Not knowing any other place so conuenient I am here to aduertise the friendly Reader of certaine faultes escaped in the printing of this booke and to request him that in the Page 54. and in the last line saue two hee would in stead of Kine read Swine and he shall thereby auoid a great contradiction likewise pag. 187. that hee would vnto the ende of the second verse of the Prologue to the English Policy make supply of the word Rest which is there wanting also pag. 221. lin 29. for woorthinesse read woorthies c. Other faults if there bee any are I doubt not easily corrigible ΕἸΣ ᾈΠΟΔΗΜΙΑΣ ΒΡΕΤΤΑÎΩΠΠΌÎΗΜΑ ΡΙΧî¿Î¡Î‘ΡΔΟΥ ΤΟΥ á¾ÎšÎ”ΥΙΥΟΥ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In nauales RICHARDI HAKLVYTI Commentarios ANglia magnarum foecunda puerpera rerum siue solum spectes nobile siue salum Quae quantum sumptis se nobilitauerit armis siue domi gessit praelia siue foris Multorum celebrant matura volumina tantae Insula materiem paruula landis alit At se in quot qualésque quando effuderit orâ—s qua fidit ignotum peruia classis iter Solius Hakluyti decus est praediuite penna ostendisse suis ciuibus ausa mari Quaecunque idcirco celeri gens Anglica naui Oceani tristes spernere doctaminas A prima generisque gentis origine gessit qua via per fluctus vlla patere potest Siue decus laudémque secuta vt hostibus alas demeret atque suis laeta pararet opes Hoc opus Hakluyti cui debet patria multum cui multum patriae quisquis amicus erit Qua re námque magis se nostra Britannia iactat quà m quòd sit praeter caetera classe potens Quam prius obsessam tenebris sic liberaâ— vt nunc quisque sciat quà m sit nobile classis opus Quaâ— si Daedalicè vtemur surgemus in altum sin autem â—earicè quod voret aequor habet RICH. MVLCASTER Eiusdem in eundem QVi graui primus cecinit camoena Aureum vellus procerésque Graecos quos sibi adiunxit comites IaÌ„son Vectus in Argo Naue quam primùm secuisse fluctus praedicant salsos sibi comparauit Inde non vnquam moritura magnae praemia famae Tanta si merces calamum secuta Vnicae nauis referentis acta Quanta Richardum manet Hakluytum gloria cuius Penna descripsit freta mille mille Insulae nostrae celeres carinas Quae per immensi loca peruolarunt omnia mundi Senties gratam patriam tuaeque Laudis aeternùm memorem laboris Quae tua cura calamóque totum ibit in orbem Quam doces omni studio fouere Naâ—ticum robur validámque classem Hac luet quisquis violentus Anglos vsserit hostis In eximium opus R. HAKLVYTI de Anglorum ad disiunctissimas regiones nauigationibus GVLIELMI CAMDâ—NI Hexastichon ANglia quae penitùs toto discluditur orbe Angulus orbis erat paruus orbis erat Nunc cùm sepositos alios detexerit orbes Maximus orbis honos Orbis orbis erit At quid Haklute tibi monstranti haec debeat orbis Laus tua crede mihi non erit orbe minor DI MARC ' ANTONIO PIGAfeta Gentilhuomo Vicentino IGnota mi starei con poto honore Sepolta nell ' oscure antiche carte S'alcun de figli mieicon spesa arte Non hauesse hor scoperto il mio splendore Ramusio pria pieno d'ardente amore Manifesto le mie piu riche parte Che son lá doue il Maragnon diparte E doue il Negro allaga e'l Gange scorre Hakluyto poi senza verunrisguardo Di fatica o di danno accolt ' hà insieme Ciò c'hà potuto hauer dâ— typhi Inglesi Onde veâ—rassie doue bella sguardo E la Dwina agghiaccia el'Obi freme Et altri membri mici non ben palesi ¶ A Catalogue of the Voyages of this first volume made to the North and Northeast quarters 1 THe voyage of Arthur K. of Britaine to Island and the most Northeaâ—tern parts of Europe Anno 517. pag. 1. 2 The voyage of Malgo king of Britaine to Island Gotland Orkney Denmark and Norway Anno 580. pag. 3. 3 The conquest of the Isles of Anglesey and Man by Edwin the Saxon king of Northumberland Anno 624. 3. 4 The voyage of Bertus into Ireland Anno 684. 4. 5 The voyage of Octher to the North parts beyond Norway about the yeere 890. 4. 6 The second voyage of Octher into the Sound of Denmarke 5. 7 Wolstans Nauigation into the East sea or the Sound of Denmarke 6. 8 The voyage of King Edgar with 4000. shippes round about his large Monarchie Anno 973. 6. 9 The voyage of Edmund and Edward the sonnes of King Edmund Ironside into Hungary Anno 1017. 9. 10 The mariage of the daughter of Harald vnto Ieruslaus duke of Russia in his owne Countrey Anno 1067. 16. 11 The voyage of a certaine Englishman into Tartaria and from thence into Poland and Hungary Anno 1243. â—0 12 The long and wonderfull voyage of Frier Iohn de Plano Carpini Anno 1246. 21,37,53 13 The iournall of Frier William de Rubricis Anno 1253. 71,93 14 The voyage of Nicolaus de Linna a Franciscan Frier and an excellent Mathematician of Oxford to all the Regions situate vnder the North-pole Anno 1360. 121. 15 The voyage of Henry Earle of Derby afterward King of England into Prussia and Letto Anno 1390. 122. 16 The voyage of Thomas of Woodstock duke of Glocester into Prussia Anno 1391. 123. 17 The voyage of sir Hugh Willoughby knight wherein he vnfortunately perished at Arzina Reca in Lapland Anno 1553. 232. 18 The voyage of Richard Chanceller Pilote maior the first discouerer by sea of the kingdome of Moscouia Anno 1553. 237,243 19 The voyage of Stephen Burrough toward the Riuer of Ob intending the discouery of the Northeast passage Anno 1556. 274. 20 The landing of Richard Iohnson among the Samoeds Anno 1556. 283. 21 The voyage of the aforesaide Stephen Burrough from Colmogro in Russia to Wardhouse in search of certaine English ships not heard-of the yeere before Anno 1557. 290. 22 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson into Russia wherein Osep Napea first Ambassadour from the Emperour of Moscouia to Queene Mary was transported into his Countrey Anno 1557. 310,314 23 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson from the Citie of Mosco in
Russia to Boghar in Bactria Anno 1558. 324. 24 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson through Russia and ouer the Caspian sea into Persia Anno 1561. 343. 25 The voyage of Thomas Alcock George Wrenne and Richard Cheyney seruants vnto the Company of Moscouy Merchants in London into Persia Anno 1563. 353. 26 The voyage of Richard Iohnson Alexander Kitchin and Arthur Edwards seruants to the foresaid company into Persia Anno 1565. 354. 27 The voyage of Thomas Southam and Iohn Sparke by land and riuer from Colmogro to Nouogrod in Russia Anno 1566. 365. 28 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson into Russia the third time Anno 1566. 372. 29 The voyage of Arthur Edwards Agent for the Moscouy company Iohn Sparke Laurence Chapman Christopher Faucet and Richard Pingle seruants into Persia An. 1568. 389. 30 The voyage of Thomas Banister and Geffrey Ducket Agents for the Moscouy Company into Persia the fift time Anno 1569. 394. 31 The voyage of William Burrough Captaine of 13. English ships to the Narue in Liefland Anno 1570. 401. 32 The voyage of M. Anthony Ienkinson into Russia the fourth time Anno 1571. 402. 33 The voyage of Christopher Burrough into Persia the sixt time Anno 1579. 419. 34 The voyage of Arthur Pet and Charles Iackman sent to discouer the Northeast seas beyond the Iland of Vaigats Anno 1580. 445. 35 The voyage of Master Ierome Horsey ouer land from Mosco in Russia to England Anno 1584. 469,470 36 A voyage to the Northeast performed by certaine Russes and translated out of Sigismundus ab Herberstein 492. 37 A voyage to Sibier and the Riuer of Ob by land declared in a letter written to Gerardus Mercator 510,511 512. 38 The vanquishing of the Spanish Armada Anno 1588. 591. 39 The honourable voyage to Cadiz Anno 1596. 607. ¶ The Ambassages Treatises Priuiledges Letters and other obseruations depending vpon the Voyages of this first Volume 1 TWo testimonies of Galfridus Monumetensis in his history of the Kings of Brittaine concerning the conquests of King Arthur pagina 1. 2 A testimony of M. Lambard in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 touching the right and appendances of the Crowne of the kingdome of Britaine pag. 2. 3 A Chronicle of the Kings of Man taken out of M. Camdens Chorographie 10. 4 The ancient state of the shipping of the Cinque Ports 17. 5 Libellus historicus Iohannis de Plano Carpini 21. 6 Part of the great Charter graunted by King Edward the first to the Barons of the Cinque Ports 117. 7 The rolle of the huge Fleete of Edward the thirde before Caleis 118. 8 The summe of expences layde out in the siege of Caleis 121. 9 A note of Thomas Walsingham touching King Edward the thirde his huge Fleete of 1100. ships wherewith he passed ouer vnto Caleis Anno 1359. 121. 10 Certaine verses of Geffrey Chaucer concerning the long Voyages and valiant exploits of the English knights in his dayes 124. 11 A testimonie out of Cornelius Tacitus prouing London to haue bene a famous Mart-towne in the raigne of Nero the Emperour 124. 12 A testimony out of venerable Beda proouing London to haue bene a Citie of great traffique in his time 125. 13 The league betweene Carolus Magnus and Offa King of Mercia concerning the safe trade of English Merchants 125. 14 An ancient testimony translated out of the olde Saxon Lawes conteyning the aduancement of Merchants for their thrice crossing the wide seas 120. 15 A testimony of certaine Priuileges obteined for the English and Danish Merchants by Canutus the King of England 126. 16 The flourâ—shing state of Merchandise in the City of London in the dayes of Wilhelmus Malmesburiensis 227. 17 A testimony of the said Wil. of Malmesbury concerning traffique to Bristow in his time 127. 18 The league betweene Henry the second and Frederick Barbarossa Emperour of Germany partly touching trade of Merchandise 128. 19 A generall safe conduct granted by King Iohn to all forreine Merchants 129. 20 The letters of King Henry the thirdâ— vnto Haquinus king of Norwey 129,130 21 A mandate for the king of Norway his ship called The Cog. 130. 22 A Charter granted for the behalfe of the Merchants of Colen in the 20. yeere of Henry the thirde 131. 23 The Charter of Lubeck granted for seuen yeeres in the time of Henry the third 131,132 24 A Charter of the Merchants of Almaine or the Stilyard-merchants 132. 25 A mandate of King Edward the first concerning outlandish Merchants 133. 26 King Edw. the first his great Charter granted to forreine Merchants Anno Dom. 1303. 133. 27 The letters of Edward the second vnto Haquinus King of Norway concerning certain English Merchants arrested in Norway 138. 28 Another letter of Edw. the second vnto the said Haquinus for the merchants aforesaid 139. 29 A third letter of King Edward the second to the said Haquinus in the behalfe of our English merchants 140. 30 An Ordinance for the Staple to be holden at one certaine place 142,143 31 A Catalogue of the great Masters of Prussia 144. 32 The Oration or speach of the Ambassadours sent from Conradus de Zolner Master generall of the land of Prussia vnto Richard the second king of England 148. 33 An agreement made by the Ambassadours of England and Prussia confirmed by king Richard the second 150. 34 The letters of Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of Prussia vnto Rich. the second 153. 35 A briefe relation of William Esturmy and Iohn Kington concerning their Ambassages into Prussia and to the Hans-townes 154. 36 Certaine Articles of complaint exhibited by the Liuonians 156. 37 Other complaints exhibited by the Cities of the Hans 156. 38 Compositions and Ordinances concluded betweene the Ambassadours of Prussia and the Chanceller and Treasurer of England Anno 1403. 157. 39 The letters of the Chanceller and Treasurer of England vnto Conradus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia 158. 40 The letters of king Henry the fourth vnto Conradus de Iungingen the master generall of Prussia for entercourse of traffique 159. 41 The letters of Conradus de Iungingen vnto king Henry the fourth 160. 42 An agreement made betweene king Henry the fourth and Conradus de Iungingen 161. 43 An agreement betweene king Henry the fourth and the Hans-townes 164. 44 A testimonie out of Albertus Krantzius concerning the surprise of Bergen in Norway wherein 21. houses of the English merchants were burnt 169. 45 The grieuances and offences whereat the merchants of the Hans found themselues agrieued 171. 46 A letter of Henry the fourth king of England vnto Conradus de Iungingen Master generall of Prussia 175. 47 A letter of Werneherus de Tettingen commander in Elbing vnto sir William Sturmy Ambassadour vnto king Henry the fourth Together with an other letter of king Henry the fourth vnto Vlricus de Iungingen master of Prussia 176. 48 The letters of Vlricus de Iungingen master generall of Prussia signifying vnto king Henry the 4. that he was contented