20 Zottl 22 51 00 29 10 Zottsted 22 51 10 28 20 Zottwitz 28 51 10 34 15 Zschimichen 22 50 50 29 30 Zubern 26 51 40 32 20 Zublow 10 13 53 00 32 10 Zuchou 22 50 50 29 20 Zuck 40 41 43 47 55 24 20 Zuckmante 1 24 30 50 10 34 30 Zuenicke 22 33 50 20 29 40 Zuffenhausen 45 48 35 25 50 Zug 38 46 40 24 40 Zuger See 38 46 40 24 40 Zhurstein 32 49 20 33 20 Zukleibe 23 51 40 32 00 Zulauff 24 25 51 30 34 00 Zulberg 22 50 20 29 00 Zule 0 53 30 28 10 Zullich 10 135 52 10 33 00 Zullichaw 24 25 36 52 10 32 20 Zulichendorff 10 12 52 40 30 20 Zulin 10 125 52 50 29 50 Zultenhagen 12 52 30 30 40 Zultz 24 50 20 34 00 Zumflin 22 50 30 29 30 Zumloch 38 50 20 23 20 Zumsw 42 48 15 24 â—5 Zumteich 20 51 40 28 50 Zuntzen 41 43 47 40 24 05 Zuntzentorf 41 48 40 24 05 Zuatlangenhain 19 51 10 26 40 Zur 16 52 10 25 50 Zur fl 41 48 40 24 20 Zurbach 40 48 10 24 30 Zurich 1 38 47 00 25 00 Zuricher 38 46 40 25 00 Zurlag 41 42 44 48 10 24 25 Zurlein 38 50 00 23 20 Zurlied 16 52 15 26 20 Zurmarhausen 01 48 10 27 30 Zurmulen 05 53 25 25 20 Zurzach 38 41 47 20 24 45 Zusweier 40 41 43 44 48 15 24 25 Zuten 10 12 52 00 31 00 Zutern 38 39 45 49 00 25 10 Zutphen 38 52 00 22 00 Zutzevitz 08 53 40 33 00 Zuverhusen 16 52 30 25 50 Zuyder Elbe 03 53 45 26 30 Zuyder gronden 3 4 53 45 24 00 Zuyder Zee 1 38 52 40 21 10 Zweckfrontze 27 51 35 33 40 Zwehofel 28 51 00 34 15 Zweibrucken 39 49 10 23 40 Zweidorf 16 52 15 27 10 Zweilitschinnen 38 46 00 24 00 Zwenfurt 22 51 20 29 30 Zwenick 22 50 30 29 50 Zwerbenberg 45 48 25 25 10 Zwergen 16 51 20 26 20 Zwetel 33 48 30 31 30 Zwettenicht 23 51 25 32 10 Zwetzen 15 51 00 28 20 Zweybrodt 28 51 05 34 05 Zwicka 22 33 50 30 29 10 Zwlckaw 22 50 40 29 30 Zwidel 33 48 50 30 20 Zwiebrucken 38 49 00 23 40 Zwifalten 45 48 05 26 10 Zwifalten Torst 35 48 05 26 00 Zwikowetz 33 49 50 30 40 Zwingr 40 48 00 24 25 Zwirzetitz 2 33 50 20 31 50 Zwitta 32 49 30 33 30 Zwitta fl 32 49 20 33 40 Zwole 32 49 40 33 50 Zwoleniowe 2 33 50 00 31 00 Zwoll 38 52 40 22 00 Zwyckow 2 33 50 40 31 30 Zwynge fl 04 54 00 25 40 Zypel 15 52 10 28 40 Zyra 22 50 30 29 00 Additional Subscribers since the Publishing of the first Volume of the Atlas MICHAEL Lord Arch-Bishop of ARMAGH Lord Primate and Lord Chancellor of Ireland Earl of ARRAN Eldest Son to D. 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Directions for the Book-binder to place the Maps of this second Volume of the English Atlas 1 GErmania pag. 1 2 Albis Fluvius Generalis pag. 4 3 Circa Hamburgensis pag. 4 4 Saxonia Inferior pag. 53 5 Bremensis Ducatus pag. 56 6 Lunenburgensis Ducatus pag. 64 7 Mecklenburg Ducatus pag. 69 8 Pomerania pag. 76 9 Rugia Insula pag. 81 10 Marchia Brandenburgensis pag. 85 11 Vetus vulgo Altmarck pag. 88 89 12 Mittle Marck pag. 88 89 13 Nova vulgo Newmarck pag. 90 14 Anhalt Principatus Magdeburg Ep. 92 15 Brunsvicensis pag. 96 16 Luneburgensis pag. 101. 17 Hildesheimensis pag. 105. 18 Halberstadiensis pag. 107. 19 Turingia pag. 109. 20 Mansfeldiae Comitatus pag. 111. 21 Saxonia superior pag. 113 22 Misnia Voitlandia pag. 115. 23 Lusatia pag. 119. 24 Silesia Ducatus pag. 121 25 Inferior pag. 121 26 Gloganus Ducatus pag. 124 27 Volaviensis Ducatus pag. 124 28 Breslaviensis Ducatus pag. 125 29 Lignicensis pag. 125 30 Grotganus pag. 126 31 Glatz Comitatus pag. 127 32 Moravia pag. 129 33 Bohemia pag. 133 34 Franconia pag. 137 35 Terriorium Francofurtense pag. 139 36 Henneburgensis Ducatus pag. 140 141 37 Werthemiensis Comit. pag. 140 141 38 River Rhein pag. 4 39 Palatinatus Rheni pag. 4 40 Badensis Marchionatus pag. 145 41 Alsatia pag. 148 42 Upper Alsatia pag. 148 43 Lower Alsatia pag. 148 44 Strasburg pag. 149 45 Wertenburgensis Ducatus pag. 150
superadded to the Title of Freyherr to denote the antiquity of those four who bear this name in the rank of Barons Paurmeister gives his opinion of the case proposed in these words Ego Baronum genera nulla esse arbitror quocunque nomine Semper-Freyen Freyherrn Edle Herrn vel singulariter Freyen Herrn Edle vel Die Edle appellantur Nobilitate ac Dignitate pares esse Omnes enim generali vocabulo Herrn comprehenduntur ut perpetuo habet Decretorum Comitiorum subscriptio Von der Graven und Herrn wegen i. e. I do not think there are any different kinds of Barons but that whatever Title they may have whether Semper-Freyen Freyherrn Edle Herrn Freyen Herrn or Edle they are all of them notwithstanding of equal Nobility and Dignity since they all agree in the general Title of Herrn as we find the Decrees anciently pass'd in the Diets subscribed Von der Graven und Herrn wegen i. e. by assent and authority of the Counts and Barons And as Herrn is a common name for all sorts of German Barons so is Herrschaft a general name for a Barony which two words the High Dutch use in the same sense as we do Lord and Lordship We see then what the Title of Frey-herr signifies â—â—â—on And in the modern writings of the Germans we seldom or never meet with the word Baron tho this is as ordinary in Spain Italy France and England as the former is in Germany However Schottelius who made as diligent enquiry into the ancient monuments and records of the German Nation as any man whatever assures us that Bar or Baar in old Teutonic manuscripts signifies a Baron and is commonly there used instead of the more modern word Frey-herr And possibly there may be as just grounds for deriving Baro from the High Dutch as either the Latin or Greek For the Latin word Vir signifying a man separate and distinct from the vulgar by his virtue whence the generality of Critics derive Baro has in all probability been borrowed of the High Dutch in whose ancient Laws Baro or Barus and Foemina do usually occur for a man or woman The English Saxons call'd a man Æ¿er or Æ¿ar which the old Franks turn'd into Ber and afterwards Paro In Junius's Edition of the Codex Argenteus the Gothic word Wair is used for man and Waire in the plural for men Sometimes instead of Baron the Germans use the Title of Banner-herr â—â—nner-herr or Panner-herr which may be render'd Dominus vexillifer and signifies the same thing with Banneret I cannot certainly affirm that the word Banner-herr tho ordinarily met with in German writers is ever made use of to denote any High Dutch Title of Honour but only to express the Honorary Titles of other Nations What a Chivalier Banneret or Knight Banneret which the Germans usually render Banner-herr does signifie may be learn'd from the account which the Author of La division du mond gives of it Pour faire says he un Chevalier Banneret cest quant il a longement suyvy les guerres et que il a assez terres et revenue tant que il peult tenir et soudoyer cinquants gentils homes pour accompagnier sa Banniere Lors il peult licitement lever ladit Banniere et non autrement car nul autre home ne puit porter Banniere en Battaile sil n'a cinquant homes prestz pour battailler Which story of maintaining fifty men under him to accompany his Banner is in the end of the old printed Copy of Gesta Romanorum in French notwithstanding the assertion of some late Authors that a Banneret need have no more then twenty-five some say ten men under him The Germans call a Knight Ritter â—â—tter for the same reason as the Latins stiled him Eques because this Title was formerly never conferr'd upon any man that had not perform'd some gallant exploit in the field and who was dubb'd Knight by being accouter'd with a Sword and pair of Spurs One of our ancient English Poets Dan. Lydgate gives us a full explication of the Title of Ritter in these words Eques ab Equo is said of very right And Chevalier is said of Chevalry In which a Rider called is a Knight Arragoners done also specifie Caballiero through all that party Is name of worship and so took his ' ginning Of spores of Gold and chiefly Riding The first original of dubbing of Knights with a Sword came probably from the ancient custom of the Northern Nations of girding their young men with a Sword as soon as they were able to bear Arms. Nihil says Tacitus speaking of the ancient Germans neque publicae neque privatae rei nisi armati agunt Sed arma sumere non ante cuiquam moris quam Civitas suffecturum probaverit Tum in ipso concilio vel Principum aliquis vel Pater vel Propinquus scuto frameaque Juvenem ornant Haec apud illos Toga hic primus Juventae honos Ante hoc Domus pars videntur mox Reipublicae Besides this Ceremony of giving a Lance or Target to such as were admitted members of the Empire they had another way of adopting Sons per arma Thus Theodoric King of the Eastern Goths in Italy adopted the King of the Heruli by a Charter still extant in Cassiodorus's Northern History And hence Justin the Elder being about to adopt Cosroes the King of Persia's Son was advised by Proclus his Chancellor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Procopius speaks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. That it should be done according to the custom of the barbarous Nations who did not adopt Sons by Writing but by Arms. There are not so many several Orders of Knighthood in Germany as in most other European Nations Orders of Knighthood if we except those who have any Honour and Title of some particular Order sent them from the Kings of Spain England and Denmark For from these Princes several Dukes Counts and other Grandees of the Empire receive the honorary Titles of Knights of the Golden Fleece the Garter and the Elephant The Teutonic Order of Knighthood of which we have spoken something before in the Description of Prussia was first instituted under the walls of Acon or Ptolemais in the Holy Land altho Jacob de Vitriaco Polydore Vergilius Gretser and several other Historians of good note make the Order much more ancient After the City was taken by the Christians these new Knights who were most of them Citizens of Lubec and Bremen fix'd themselves at a Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary from whence they are sometimes stiled Equites Mariani Here they were setled under Henry Walpot von Passenheim their first Great Master in the year 1190. Afterwards when the Christians were beaten out of Syria they remov'd to Venice and thence to Marpurg in Hassia where as in several other parts of Germany their Convent was endow'd with fair revenues Whence some fancy they first got the name of Equites
large Tomes De Rebus publ Anseaticis gives no positive account of the first original of this Confederacy but seems to bring it down from the time of Henry Duke of Brunswic surnamed the Lion Henry Suderman who was sometime Counsellor to the Hans-Towns fetches its Institution far further then the beginning of the thirteenth Century or later end of the twelfth which is the time usually pitcht upon by other Historians With how little probability these opinions are back'd is easie to observe tho perhaps after the most diligent enquiry we shall not be able to guess right our selves For Lubeck has been always look'd upon as the chief of all the Hans-Towns and for that reason their High Court of Judicature was kept there Therefore 't is very likely that this City was one of the first that enter'd into that solemn League and Covenant Now 't is certain that Lubeck was only built towards the later end of the twelfth Century and it is hard to imagine that this Town and Hamburg would enter into any such League as long as they were under the yoke of the then inconsiderable King of Denmark which they did not shake off before the year 1226. Besides if Lubeck were then one of the Hans-Towns we should meet with an account of some succour sent her when she was engaged in war against Waldemar and his two Sons Eric Abel and Christopher Kings of Denmark which was ended about the year 1259 and yet no Historian of those times mentions any such thing We may therefore probably enough conclude that the said Cities enter'd not into any Confederacy till after the sixtieth year of the thirteenth Century at which time Peace was first concluded with the Danes and Trade began to be improv'd in these parts of the German Empire What Angelius reports of his having seen some Charters and Priviledges granted to the united Hans-Towns which are dated in the year 1194 is as little to be credited as the stories which others of the German Historians relate of our King Henry the Third's granting of large Priviledges to the same Cities in the 1206 whereas 't is well known that this Prince was not advanced to his Fathers Throne before the year 1216 and was then only nine years of age Polydor Virgil to whom we know what credit to give in those particulars especially wherein he dissents from the rest of our English Historians witnesses indeed for these men that Henry the Third did grant some such kind of priviledges to the Hans-Towns as they mention but the same Author will tell them that this King reign'd till the year 1273. And Angelius when he comes to ransack old Norwegian papers for testimonies of the Antiquity of this Society can produce nothing of unquestionable authority as he phrases it written before the year 1278. Afterwards when he comes to give us a short Compendium of their Laws which he has transcribed out of Domannus the oldest amongst them does not bear date beyond the year 1312. So that possibly this Company was no proper Body Politic before that time But the German Historians differ as much in assigning the derivation of the word Hans â—â—ne and the reasons why these Confederate Cities should call themselves by that name as they do in pitching upon the time of the first Institution of their Confederacy We shall give the Reader a short catalogue of the most probable opinions and leave it to his judgment to embrace or reject any of them as he shall see cause First then some derive the word Hanse or Anse for in Latin Authors we meet with Vrbes Anseaticae and Ansaticae as well as Hansaticae from the Dutch am zee or am see signifying near unto or upon the Sea-shore because say they the Hans-Towns were at first only a company of Cities which lying upon the Sea-shore enter'd into a Confederacy meerly for the advancement of Trade by Navigation And that this was the sole end of their entring into a League and not the securing of their Territories which was the thing which some Cities upon the Rhine proposed to themselves upon their entring into the like Confederacy they prove from the testimonies of Chytraeus and Crantzius who are Authors of good credit and authority 2. Others bring the word from Hansa which in the old High Dutch tongue signifies a Common Council Thence the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mat. xxvi 4. which our English Interpreters have render'd they consulted is in some ancient Dutch Versions translated sie haben ein Hansa gemacht 3. Wehner tells us that in old Charters of some of these Cities instead of Hanse-Stadte as the Germans now-a-days usually write the word he has met with Hayn-Stadte which signifies in the ancient Saxon Dialect a City situate in a Wood such as are a great many of the Hans-Towns in Saxony and not as some explain it a Town in a pleasant Valley or plain Field 4. The fourth opinion and last that looks like a probable conjecture is That they had the name of Hans-Towns from that preeminence and precedency which they justly challeng'd amongst the rest of the German Cities for the same reason as great Lords and Princes of the Empire are sometimes stiled Grosse Hansen Gewaltige Hansen c. And hence several old German proper names fetch their original as Anselmus Hanshelm a man famous for his Helmet Ansbrechtus Hanswert one that deserves to be made a Lord Ansfridus Hansfried a Prince of a peaceable temper and the like And the ordinary name of Hans used at this day all Germany over is not as many think a contraction of Johannes but a part of those others abovemention'd But at present Hans is not so honourable a Title as formerly for the Germans call an impertinent medling fellow such as the old Latins would have named Ardelio and the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hans in allen gassen and Hans unmuht Hans filtzmaul Hans sparmund Praal Hans Bauer-Hans and the like are lookt upon as Nick-names of the highest ignominy and disgrace It would be worth a critical Etymologist's while to enquire whether the word Hans amongst other of its significations did not denote something relating to trade and merchandise since to this day he that determines as Judg all controversies amongst the Merchants and Tradesmen of Ratisbon is call'd Hans-Graff The Hans-Towns of Germany are usually divided into four Circles Number distinguished by the names of the four principal Cities amongst them viz. Lubeck Colln Brunswic and Dantzig To the Circle of Lubeck belong the Cities of Hamburg Rostock Wismar Stralsund Lunenburg Stetin Anclam Golnau Gripswald Colberg Stargard Stolpe c. To that of Colln Wesel Duissburg Emmerick Warburg Vnna Hammen Munster Minden Osnabrug Dortmund Sost Herford Paderborn Limgow Billefeld Warberg Lippstadt Cossfeld Nimwegen Sutphen Rurnmund Arnheim Venloh Elburg Harderwic Thiela Bommel Deventer Campen Swol Groningen Bolsswerder Gorcum Hinlopen Staveren Embden Briel Wieringen Middelburg and some more of less note To
of a piece of Cloth an apt name for a City which being seated on the frontiers of the Marquisate of Brandenburg is the furthest Boundary and Bulwark of the Dukedom of Silesia 'T is a comly old City seated in a pleasant plain and in a good air The Duke's Palace Town-Hall and some Citizens Houses are built with a neat and well polish'd stone The neighbouring Hills are cover'd with Apples Pears and other sorts of Fruit. Some Wine they have growing but exactly such trash as Altmarck and some other parts of the Elector's Dominions are wont to produce II. The City and Dukedom of GLOGAW THIS City is usually known by name of Great Glogau City to distinguish it from a much more inconsiderable Town of the same name in the Dukedom of Oppelen Cureus fancies it to be the same place with Ptolomy's Lugidunum which as he probably enough conjectures had its name from the Lugii the ancient inhabitants of this part of the Country It s present name is of Wendish extraction and signifies properly a Thorn-bush so call'd from its situation amongst Thickets or in a Copse Glogaw was made a true City by Conrad Duke of the place about the year 1260 at which time the City and Cathedral the only strength and ornament of the Town were built and the City stock'd with Germans who establish'd here the Laws and Customs of their own Country The Palsie is an epidemical disease in this Town which is thought to proceed from the extraordinary intemperance of the Burgers in drinking a sort of bitter and muddy but withal wonderful strong and heady Beer They are also commonly tormented with the Stone and Gravel in the Kidneys a distemper partly ascribed by their Physitians to the same cause with the former and partly to their feeding chiefly on Pork Cheese c. To this Dukedom belong the petty Towns of Guhrau Dukedom Sprottau Grunberg Schwibussen Beuthen Pulkwitz Koben Newstatt Warienberg and Primnikaw The people of this Province have this peculiar Anti-Salic Law amongst them that upon failure of Issue male a Daughter inherits the Estate of her Father before any of the nearest of his male Relations III. The City and Dukedom of SAGAN SAGAN once one of the best and most populous City and still one of the largest Cities in Silesia 'T was in the Civil Wars of Germany several times taken by the Swedish forces and retaken by the Imperialists There is now little remarkable to be seen upon that large spot of ground whereon this City is placed except only the Castle St. Mary's Church and two Monasteries and these are rather venerable for age then commendable for any thing of rarity that 's in them The Dukedom called by the Polish writers Ducatus Zeganensis is of no large extent in length or bredth Duâ—â— 'T is bounded on the West with Lusatia and the Barony of Sora which is reckon'd a part of rhe Marquisate of Brandenburg on the South with the Dukedom of Javer on the East with the Dukedom of the greater Glogaw and on the North with Crossen 'T was once a part of the Dukedom of Glogaw but afterwards it was subjected to Princes of its own sometimes three or four at once whence we read of the Dukedoms of Sagan in the plural number There are some large and rich Corn-fields in this Province which are well water'd with the Rivers Bober Queiss Tschirn and Neisse Pribus Naumburg and Freywald three small Cities are all subject to the Dukes of Sagan IV. The Town and Dukedom of WOLAW NOtwithstanding that Wolaw was anciently accounted a part of the Dukedom of Lignitz Duâ—â— and has always been subject to the same Laws and Government yet the petty Princes of Silesia whether it be to multiply their Titles or for what other reason I shall not determine have of late years made it a Dukedom of it self And because thus separated from Lignitz 't is still too large to be guided and govern'd by one man being near as big as either of our English Counties of Huntingdon or Rutland they have subdivided it into six larger Circles or Hundreds which have their names from the chief Towns in them viz. Wolau Hernstadt Winzing Ruten Raude and Steinaw none of which are worth the describing To these they add two more Enclosures no bigger then one of our small Parishes in England whereof the one goes by the name of Koben and the other Breubawischer hald both which the Reader may see in the Map and thence be able to take an estimate of their true bulk and value Wolau it self which in this Country makes a shift to give Title to a Duke City might pass for a Market-Town in England but would never merit as here it does the name of a City 'T is every way mean and inconsiderable The buildings in it are contemptible and the Citizens for so they will needs stile themselves hardly able to provide bread for their Families out of the little or no trade of the place The neighbouring Lake der Gross Teich furnishes them indeed with Fish enough for the support both of themselves and their children or otherwise they would not I think have any possibility of subsisting And yet this mean place was for some time the seat of the German Civil Wars nay the Swedish Lieutenant Gortzke thought it no small piece of honour that he bravely maintain'd himself and a Garrison in the Town for some months when God knows no Commander of note would so far undervalue himself as to attack it DVCATVS SILESIAE GLOGANI Vera Delineatio Notarum Explicatio Vrbs. Oppidum Pagus cum templis Pagus cum Sede nobile Pagus Arx. Monasterium Vinetorum Colles Fedina et Officina Ferri Lacus sive Stâ—â—â—um Paludes Ducatus SILESIAE WOLANUS Notularum explicatio Urbs Oppidum Pagus cum templo Pagus Arx Molindinum Vinetum Mons notabilis Bona Ecclesiastica DUCATUS BRESLANUS sive WRATISLAVIENSIS Sumptibus Janssonio-Waâ—sbergiorum Mosis Pitt et Stephaâ—â—â— Swart Notularum explicatio Vrbs. Oppidum Pagus cum templo Pagus Molendinum Arx. W â—â—YAL DEVOIR To the … be Honourable Sr GEORGE CARTWRIGHT Bar. vice Câ—â—â—berline of the kings househould 〈◊〉 Mapp is humbly â—â—â—dicated BRESLAW totius SILESIAE METROPOLIS Ducatus SILESIAE LIGNICIENSIS Ex Officina Janssonio-Waesbergiana Mosis Pitt et Stephani Swart Notularum explicatio Vrbs. Pagus cum templo Pagus Arx. Molendinum Mons notabilis Locus vbi dimicatum FV̈RSTLICHE STADT LIGNITZ Schloss Closter Zu Vaser liebeÌ„ Frawen S. Iohans S. Peter vnd Paul V. The Dukedom and City of OELSE OELSSE is seated in the Lower Silesia about sixteen miles distant from Breslaw first made a City out of a poor Village by the Emperor Henry I. in the year 936. The Country round this Town is pleasant enough and the air wholesom The Gates Walls Turrets and other Fortifications of the City were handsom and noble before the late Wars but the Swedish General Wittenberg's Troops demolish'd the greatest part of
Henry the First 's Sister tho others think it rather a corruption of Papenberg or Pfaffenberg as having been anciently the Seat of the Priests or Pfaffen We have already acquainted the Reader with the delicate situation of this City abounding with all sorts of rich fruits and plants beyond any of its neighbouring Provinces and shall here only take notice of what is observable within the Town The old Earls of Bamberg kept their residence at Altenburg about an English mile from the Town but the Bishops have now adays a Palace in the midst of the City on a small Island in the River Regnitz 'T is a pile of building sufficiently magnificent and splendid rarely beautified with large and fair Orchards and Gardens The Jesuits College and Church make a good shew and the four Spires at the Cathedral are noble SCHWEINFURT or Trajectus Svevorum has its name from the Swabes passing the River Mayn in this place Sâ—â—â—â—â—â— fâ—â—â— Goltmeyer says this Town was built 217 years before Christ but brings little proof for what he reports The Town is at present neither very large nor populous but tolerably well fortified with Walls and Rampires and has the advantage of a good River running by This City is by some reckon'd a part of the Principality of Hennenberg of which anon TERRITORIUM FRANCOFURTENSE To Iohn Hillersdon of the Inner Temple Esq thisMapp is Humbly Dedicated by Moses Pitt The City and Territory of FRANCFURT upon the MAYN THE Emperor Charles the Great King of the Francks having once made war against the Saxons and thoroughly incensed that bold and resolute people he could get but little rest till he had subdued them beyond all possibility of a Rebellion For they were continually pressing in swarms upon the Francks whom when they found themselves too numerous for their enemies they would be sure to pursue to the very banks of the River Mayn where they had sometimes the misfortune to be cut in pieces by the Francks who well acquainted with the Fords of that River would suddenly rush in upon them and put most of them either to flight or the sword From these sallies 't is thought the Town of Francfurt had its name it being seated upon one of these common Fords of the Francks This is the opinion of the ingenious Gunther in his Ligurinus where he says quia Carolus illic Saxonas indomita nimium feritate rebelles Oppugnans rapidi latissima flumina Maeni Ignoto fregisse vado mediumque per Amnem Transmississe suas neglecto ponte cohortes Creditur c. But others say tho without reason that 't was built by Francus the first Captain of these people and that from him it got its name And some as ridiculously have call'd it Helenopolis from the Emperor Constantine's Mother The Town is divided into two parts separated from each other by the Mayn whereof the greater is call'd Francfurt and the less Sachsen-huss or the House of the Saxons These two are united by a Stone-bridg cross the River of thirteen or fourteen Arches and subject to the same Magistrates The City is strong and well fortified and which gives it more strength then Walls or Rampires can do its inhabitants are unanimous professors of the Lutheran Religion The Jews indeed have one street to themselves and are allow'd a Synagogue with the public profession of their Religion But these are so inconsiderable an handful of men that there is no fear of their disturbing the Government It is a place of great traffick and well seated for that purpose For the Mayn passing by the great Cities of Bamberg Schweinfurt Wurtzburg and Guemund gives it an opportunity of trading with the greatest part of Franconia and the same River running into the Rhine carries off and brings in Commodities from the Remoter parts of the German Empire and the Netherlands The greatest concourse of foreign Merchants is at the two great Fairs kept here yearly in March and September at which times all sorts of Commodities especially Books are brought hither by the Factors of the Germans Hollanders Italians French and English They have every year a Catalogue publish'd of such new Books as are or will be brought into the Fair and from them our London Booksellers have of late years learn'd the trick of printing a Catalogue every Term. As long as this Mart lasts which is usually three weeks there is here as great variety and choice of Books as in any City in Europe but when that is over the Booksellers shops are usually shut up On the North-side of the City they have a spatious Horse-Fair wherein yearly a vast number of good Horses are bought and sold Among the many Priviledges conferr'd on this City by several of the German Emperors Priviledges the chief is its being appointed the certain place for the Election of every new Emperor This was a customary thing ever since Arnulph the First 's days but confirm'd only by Charles IV. Author of the Aurea Bulla of which we have already treated at large in the General Description of Germany After the Electors have given their voices in St. Bartholomew's Church if it does not appear as now there are Eight Electors it may easily happen which person has the most votes it has been usual for the two Candidates to determine the quarrel by battel in the neighbouring Fields wherein the Conqueror is carried off with great acclamations back to the City and there proclaim'd King of the Romans Thus the controversie was decided betwixt Henry Landgrave of Thuringen and Conrad Son to the Emperor Frideric II. as also between Ludowic Duke of Bavaria and Frideric Arch Duke of Austria and lastly betwixt Gunther Count of Schwartzenburg and Charles IV. These are the instances given by Munster and some other German writers all of whom Martin Zeiller relying on the Authority of Chrst Lehman in his Chronicle of Spire fancies to be mistaken and to report stories which none of the more ancient Historians who flourish'd in the times when these things should have been transacted ever mention St. Bartholomew's Church in Francfurt is a venerable and stately piece of Architecture having been first built by King Pepin Charles the Great 's Father Some other public buildings as the Town-Hall several Monasteries c. are worth the seeing But the Mineral Springs and Baths are most remarkable which are daily visited by the Nobility and Gentry of the Town and neighbourhood Amongst the rest there is one Cold Bath wherein as Zeiller reports 't was the custom in his days to wash women before they went to be married or as soon as their month of childbed was over But that which gave England the greatest cause to remember this City was the entertainment of some of our Protestant Ministers who with their Congregations fled hither in the days of Queen Mary's bitter persecution Yet I am sorry our Island is forced to own such a sett of Ecclesiastics who went hence a pack of Zuinglian Gospellers and
state nor any thing truly great in the City 3. Speyer SPEYER is subject to the Elector Palatine at the same rate with Wormes It is thought to be the Nemetum Civitas or Noviomagum mention'd by Julius Cesar altho Freherus proves that the whole Country near this place was anciently concluded under that name 'T is seated in a plain on the Western banks of the Rhine a large and populous City which owes its security more to the number of its inhabitants then the strength of any fortifications near it For Gustavus Adolphus the victorious King of Sweden demolish'd its Bulwarks and Rampires being unwilling to spare so many men out of his Army as were requisite to Garrison it and make it good against any future assault of the Imperialists The Citizens of Wormes and Spire tho Lutherans swear fealty to their Bishops who are under the Jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Mentz There are in this Town many stately Houses and fair Churches the chief of which is the Cathedral beautified with four Towers But the great Glory of the Town is the Imperial Chamber which was first placed at Worms by the Emperor Maximilian the First and not long after fix'd at Speyer from whence it cannot be removed but by a general consent of the Estates of the Empire This fills the City with a constant concourse of people from all parts of Germany who repair hither for the final determination of such Law-suits as they fancy have not been well decided by inferior Courts of Judicature in their own Country For hither there lies an Appeal from any Prince's Court in the Empire And the Electors themselves may in some Trials at Law be summon'd to appear before this Court 4. Zweybrucken ZWEYBRUCKEN call'd by the French Deux-Ponts has its name from the Bridges over two Rivers at the confluence whereof 't is seated This City is signal for little more then its giving name to a small Principality in the neighbourhood which is enjoy'd by a younger House of the Counts Palatine who are commonly stiled Principes Bipontini or Principes Gemini Pontis These poor Princes have paid dear for some of the French King 's late victories especially his Triumphs in the beginning of the year 1677 wherein their chief City Zweybrucken was almost quite demolish'd So near was it to an utter overthrow that at this time there is hardly any thing more to be seen then the Skeleton of a City 5. Vdenheim or Philipsburg UDENHEIM a Town subject to the Bishop of Spire seated on the mouth of the Saltza and on the Eastern banks of the Rhine 'T was anciently a Village but was wall'd round by Gerhard Bishop of Spire who first made it a City and procured for it severallarge Priviledges 'T is conveniently seated for the command of the most considerable part of the adjacent Country and for that reason well fortified by the Bishop of this Diocess a little before the breaking out of the Civil Wars of Germany These new Fortifications begun in time of peace gave ground to the neighbouring Princes to suspect that some more then ordinary designs were carrying on by this Prelate Whereupon Frederic V. the then Elector Palatine and Prince in chief of Vdenheim required him to desist from finishing what he had begun which he refused to do alledging the Emperor's Placaet for what he did Upon this contempt the Elector beat it down by force For this affront to the Emperor's Authority the Elector and his Confederates were cited to appear before the Imperial Chamber at Speyer wherein 't was resolved that they should be proceeded against with all imaginable severity This hard usage was one of the chief motives which induced the unfortunate Elector to accept the Crown of Bohemia and consequently a chief cause of the Civil Wars of Germany In which unhappy juncture Marquise Spinola the Spanish General thought this Town so capable of being improv'd into a strong Hold that he repair'd the demolish'd Fortifications and having made the place almost impregnable gave it the new name of Philipsburg By the Treaty of Munster this Town and Castle were put into the hands of the French and by the late Treaty at Nimeguen resign'd up to the Imperialists in exchange for Freyburg in Brisgow The present King of France before the breaking out of the late bloody Wars caused this Inscription to be written over the great Gate at Philipsburg Tuendis RHENI Finibus LUDOVICUS XIV Francorum Navarrae Rex Christianissimus Confecto in utraque Germania bello restaurata ubique Pace Munimentum hoc suae virtutis Assertaeque libertatis Germaniae Monumentum firmari isthoc agere muroque Regiis sumptibus extructo fecit Anno M. DC LXVI Perfecit in terrorem hostium Foederatorum Praesidium Liliorum Subsidium alterum Galliae cis Rhenum propugnaculum ac Germaniam versus Ostium in ferius situ non Robore Quod ille claudit nemo aperit Idem aperit nemo claudit But when afterwards in the succeeding War it had fall'n into the hands of the Imperialists the Emperor raz'd out the former Inscription and caused this following one to be written in its stead LEOPOLDVS IMPERATOR CAESAR Pius Faelix Augustus VICTOR TRIUMPHATOR Suscepto Juvandis Sociis Tuendis civibus Arcendis hostibus necessario bello restaurandae ubique Paci Munimentum hoc Vindicatae ab injectis Gallicae servitutis compedibus Libertatis publicae futurum ad Posteros monumentum expugnavit Germaniaeque postliminio restituit Anno Christianae salutis MDCLXXVI Terrori hostium Tutelae Civium Germaniae Praesidio alterum Galliae cis Rhenum receptaculum ac Germaniam versus Ostium Auspicato plura pari successu recuperandi augurio Gallis clausit Germanis reclusit Quod Gallus claudit Germanus aperit There are some more well fortified Towns in the Lower Palatinate such as Manheim upon the confluence of the Rhine and Neccar Coube Franckenthal Keysers-Lautern Simmeren c. but none of so good note as those already described Helvetii Alsatia Pal. Rheni Arch Mogun Arch. Trevir Arch. Colon. Clivia Geldria VltrajectuÌ„ Hollandia Apud Jâ—â—ssoâ—â—â—-Waesbergios Mosem Pitt et Stephanum Swart RHENVS Fluviorum Europae celeberrimus cum MOSA MOSELLA et reliquis in illum se exonerantibus fluminibus Apâ—â— Jâ—â—ssâ—â—â—â—-Waesbergios Mosem Pitt et Stephanum Swart PALATINATVS AD RHENUM Apud Janssonio-Waesbergios Mosem Pitt et Stephanum Swart Not. Explicatio Civitates munite Vrbes Vici Pagi Arces Coenobia Fortalitia Vera totius MARCHIONATUS BADENSIS et HOCHBERGENSIS ceterorumque Ducatum Landgravionatuum et Comitatuum ad Princeps huius nominis spectantium Geometr Astro Calcu Delineatio Heic domus AEneae cunctis dominabitur oris Et gnati gnatorum et qui nascentur ab illis Excudebant Janssonio-Waesbergii Moses Pitt et Stephanus Swart Explicatio Notarum Vrbs Oppidum Pagus notabilis Pagus Arx Monasterium Pagê° not cum Arce Arx et Pagus Monast cum Pago Balneum Acidus fons Fodinae AErarum THE MARQUISATE OF BADEN BADEN lying along