Fight being naturally Enemies but the Elephant being young was frighted and forcing his way through a Place that was barred ran about the City overturning all he met The Rhinoceros was afterwards sent as a Present to the Pope but the Ship was cast away however the dead Rhinoceros being cast a Shoar was taken up and the Skin stuffed and carried to Rome John Diaz Golez a Portuguese Pilot flying from Justice escaped into Castile where he perswaded certain Merchants to fit out Two Ships and Trade into Brasil King Emanuel complaining to the Young King Charles these Encroachers were punished John Wallop an English Gentleman of Worth afterwards Governour of Callis came into Portugal offering to serve in Africk upon his own Expence He served Two Years at Tangier honourably and then returned home having received the Order of Knighthood of Christ and other considerable Favours and continued always a great Favourer of the Affairs of Portugal 5. Soliman the great Emperor of the Turks having taken Grand Cairo and all the Dominions of the Egyptian Soldans King Emanuel pressed the Pope to excite all the Christian Princes to joyn their Forces against him but without success The Body of S. Auta one of the 11000 Virgins was now brought to Lisbon and placed in the Monastery of the Mother of God where it is held in great Veneration The King being extreamly afflicted for the Loss of his Queen had thoughts of retiring to Algarve contenting himself with that little Portion of his Kingdom and leaving the rest to the Prince his Son But the Prince led away by his Favourites being too forward and dropping some disrespectful words of his Father moved him to change that Resolution and not only to retain the Power in his own Hands but to marry the Wife he had designed for him 1518. To this purpose The King marries again D. Alvaro da Costa was sent Embassador into Castile and the Treaty so privately managed that the Bride was contracted to the King by Proxy before the Design of the Embassador was known in Portugal Her Portion was 200000 Crowns down and 5000 per Annum during her Life She was conducted to the Borders of the two Kingdoms by several Noblemen of Spain and there received by Jayme or James Duke of Bragança accompanied by a great Train of Persons of Quality on the Twenty third of November At Crato the next Day she was married by the Archbishop of Lisbon Thence they went to Almeyrin because the Plague was brief at Lisbon Here the King on St. Andrew's Day received the Order of the Golden Fleece sent him by his Brother-in-law King Charles 6. Ferdinand Magellanes a Gentleman of Worth who had served well in India and Africk being refused some small Addition to the Pension he enjoyed for his good Services some envious Persons disswading the King from showing him any Favour discontented at this hard Usage solemnly Unnaturalized himself as the Custome was then and went over to Castile at such time as the Molucco Islands were thought to appertain to the Conquests of that Crown He there offered to find out a New way to those Islands 1519. and being furnished with Five Ships sailed from Sevil about the beginning of August Magellan discovers the Streights of his Name and discovered those Streights which will Eternize his Name being of him called the Streights of Magellan The Particulars of this Voyage as more properly appertaining to that History are to be seen in the Portuguese Asia The King laid a Duty upon Corn to which imposition some Places consented John Mendez Cecâ—oso Mayor of Evora opposed it The King sent for and promised to reward him if he would comply but he persisting obstinately was confined to his House Soon after he commended him for his Resolution and remitted that Tax The Commonalty of Castile now rising in Rebellion against their King 1520. who was gone into Germany being chosen Emperor upon the Death of Maximilian sent the Dean of Avila to offer the Crowns of Castile and Leon to King Emanuel He believing no Confidence could be reposed in those that were Rebels to their Lawful Sovereign not only advised them to return to their Obedience but sent Supplies of Ammunition and Money to the Cardinal Adrian afterwards Pope the Constable and Admiral then Governours during the King's Absence 7. Ellenor the new Queen of Portugal was the last Year at Evora on the 18th of February delivered of a Prince called Charles who lived but Fifteen Months This Year on the 18th of June 1521. at Lisbon she brought forth the Princess Mary Many Matches were proposed for this Lady but none took Effect so that she died a Maid at the Age of 57 Years After long Debates and Three several Embassies sent by Charles Duke of Savoy to obtain Beatrix King Emanuel's second Daughter for his Wife Beatrix Daughter to King Emanuel married to the Duke of Savoy the Match was concluded She had 150000 Crowns Portion and was conducted to Savoy with extraordinary Expence Eighteen Sail were fitted out to transport the Princess and a most splendid Retinue accompanied her In fine she embarked on the 5th of August lay Five Days a Board on the River and then set Sail on the Day of the Feast of S. Laurence By this Princess the Duke of Savoy had his Son Emanuel Filibertus from whom the Dukes of that House are descended Bernardin Ribeyro a Man well born and an ingenious Poet was in love with the Princess and she favoured him for his Wit Seeing her depart he became a Hermit at Sintra thence he went a Pilgrim into Italy and returning through Savoy he received Charity of the Dutchess who knowing him ordered he should not stay in the City He returned Home and ended his Life with his Pilgrimage The Venetians who had for many Years enjoyed all the Trade of Spice being now depriv'd of it by the Portuguese having discovered India sent an Embassador to pray they might be allowed all that was above what the Kingdom consumed at a certain Rate This Embassador was honourably entertained but received not a satisfactory Answer 8. Such was now the flourishing Estate of Lisbon that it was thronged with Forreign Embassadors and Merchants from all Parts In the height of this Prosperity and Grandeur King Emanuel fell sick of a Lethargy then the epidemical Distemper reigning Perceiving his End draw nigh he performed all the Acts of a good Christian King Emanuel dies and died the 13th of December 1521. the Ninth day of his Sickness the 53d Year of his Age and 27th of his Reign His Body was Interred in his Church of Belem where his Son built him a stately Tomb. Before his Death happened a most cruel Famine and after that a terrible Plague The Pestilence continued the following Year and such prodigious Earthquakes shook the Island of S. Michael that Mountains fell upon some Villages and others were overturned into the Sea with great slaughter of the
Tideus he called Tide and in process of Time by Corruption is now called Tuy 12. The wonderful Abidis succeeded his fortunate Father Gargoris Abidis reigns in the Kingdom of Spain and in Gratitude to the Mountains where he was bred built the City Santarem and reigned 35 Years much beloved of his Subjects 1038. About this time happen'd that wonderful Dearth in Spain A wonderful Dearth which lasted 26 Months during which time it never rained Some there are who extend this to 40 Years others to 30. Such it was that all the Country became Desart the Inhabitants either perishing for Want or fleeing to other Places Long after this 952. a Multitude of the Celtae the ancient Inhabitants of France came into the Southern Parts of Portugal where they built several Towns and re-edified others before ruined They being mixed and well united with the Natives stood them in good stead when the Phoenicians possessed themselves of the Island of Cadiz Sidonians in Spain Not content with settling themselves there they began to incroach upon the People of Andaluzia and fortified themselves at Sidon now Medina Sidonia whence they were expelled by the united Forces of the ancient Natives 752. and intruding Celtae Which done the Lusitanians chose Argantonius for their King who governed them many Years with general Applause some Authors stretching his Life to 140 Years others only to 120. 13. The Celtae inhabiting Lusitania The Celtae settle in Portugal being vastly increased so that the Country they possessed could not contain them passed over the River Tagus with their Flocks and Families with a Design to settle along the Sea-Coast beyond the Promontory of the Moon now called the Rock of Sintra Those People fearing their intruding Guests marched out to oppose them but being overthrown were forced to submit to those that came with Intention only to be their Companions The Turduli for so those People were called joining with the Inhabitants of Lisbon formed another Army and joining Battel with the Celtae gained the Field but with such Loss that they had no reason to boast of their Victory Both Parties considering the Loss sustained came to an Agreement and divided the Province betwixt them 14. The Turduli thought themselves secure after this War with the Celtae when a more dangerous Enemy assaulted them The Mountainous People descend into the Plain These were a savage Mountainous People who having till then lived upon the Milk of their Goats and Wild Fruit came down to seek a better Country to inhabit but being defeated they passed the River Tagus There the Celtae cut off a good Number of them which obliged the rest to march along the River Tagus to the Sea-side where finding no Body to oppose them they settled themselves And from them that Cape near Setuval was called Promontorium Barbaricum now Caboâ—de Espichel 15. Nabuchadonosor having taken Hierusalem Nabuchodonozor in Spain and subdued a great part of the then known World came at last into Spain with his mighty Army composed of all Nations Having besieged the Island of Cadiz where the Phoenicians inhabited by Sea and Land he was driven thence by the united Forces of Spain and so with his whole Army put to Sea again He had before over-run the greatest part of Spain and now departing left behind him the greatest Plague that ever infested it Thus was a great Number of Jews dispersed in several Parts of it who fixing then could never since be rooted out The Phoenicians delivered of the Danger of Nabuchodonosor refused to pay the Lusitanians whom they had called to their Aid who offended thereat demanded more than was their Due The Controversie came to be decided by Blows wherein the Lusitanians were worsted yet not so discouraged but that gathering fresh Forces they came on again so furiously that having vanquished their Enemies they put them all to the Sword without Mercy By this Victory they became Masters of the greatest part of Andaluzia so that great Numbers of them went over to inhabit there calling it Turdetania where they built many Cities 16. In the mean while The Carthaginians come to relieve the Phoenicians the Phoenicians shut up in the Island of Cadiz craved Aid of the Carthaginians their ancient Allies against the Lusitanians who Lorded it over all Andaluzia The Carthaginians were not backward to undertake this Expedition but Rigging a mighty Fleet sent it to their Relief under the Command of Mezerbal a valiant and wise Captain At their first Landing in some Skirmishes our Men found their Valour would not avail against the Africans without some Martial Discipline Therefore they made Choice of one Baucius Capetus or as others call him Bachius Carupus a Man of a Gigantick Stature and great Conduct for their General He observing the manner of the Carthaginian Warfare instructed his Men accordingly About Break of Day the two Armies joined Battel with terrible Out-cries and no less Effusion of Blood Mezerbal observing his Troops disordered and giving way with some chosen Bands renewed the Fight and made the Victory more bloody than it would have been had not so great a General commanded Yet at last The Carthaginians defeated he was forced to give way and save his Life by Flight Baucius having pursued the Enemy and taken the Spoil of the Field returned Victorious and erected lasting Trophies in the Temples of his Idols The future Actions of Mezerbal being the Beginning of the Carthaginian Dominion in Spain require a new Chapter These Things were done about the Year of the World 3403 after the Deluge 1747 which is 559 Years before the Birth of Christ CHAP. III. The Actions of the Carthaginian Governors Mezerbal Sappho Hanno the First Himilco Gisgo Hannibal the First Hanno the Second Boodes Maherbal Hamilcar Barcinus Asdrubal and Hannibal the Second The Planting of many Colonies and Beginning of the Roman War 1. MEzerbal and Carthaginian though overthrown quitted not his Pretensions but contrived by Policy to compass what he had failed of by open Force He began to treat amicably with the Lusitanian Turduli 559. and sped so well that they intrusted him with several Places of Consequence Mezerbal subdues Portugal whereof being once possessed he began to Lord it over them This was the Beginning of the African Dominion in Spain Mean while that barbarous People who inhabited along the Coast of Setuval invented a new and bloody Sacrifice which continued for many Years 550. The Sea cast up a Whale of a wonderful Bigness whereat that ignorant People being terrified and thinking it had been some Sea-God A barbarous Sacrifice they killed a Young Man and a Maid and left them by the Whale The Tide rising it carried away the dead Bodies which they looked upon as an Acceptance of their Sacrifice and therefore they every Year after repeated it even after the Coming of Christ 2. About the same time 15000 of the Turduli seeking new Lands to
Viriatus his several Victories over the Romans with his last Actions Death and place of Burial 1. THE Renowned Viriatus who as has been said escap'd from the Massacre committed by Galba in the three Vallies was a Lusitanian without the mixture of any other Nation Some Authors say he was a common Robber Viriatus his Original others will have him a Carrier others a Sheperd and lastly others say he went through all these mean Employments Whatsoever he was before at the time that Galba offered Peace to the Lusitanians and Murdered so many in Cold Blood he was one of them that were willing to hearken to his Proposals and made his escape from the Slaughter His mind burning with desire of Revenge as soon as he heard that Galba was departed he returned to the place of the Massacre where causing his Companions to thrust their Hands into the yet fresh wounds of some Maidens they swore by their Souls not to desist from seeking Revenge as long as they were able to bear Arms. This done Viriatus ranging throughout Lusitania stirred up the People raised a good Body of Men and breaking into Carpertania destroy'd all as he went and returned home with a rich Booty Then he caused his followers to reiterate the Oath they had taken Sacrificing one of their Prisoners and a Horse and so every Man passing by thrust his Hand into the Belly of each Sacrifice vowing to do the like to the Roman Army 2. It was now the beginning of the Year 148 before the coming of Christ 3114 from the Creation and 2281 from the Deluge when the Pretor Marcus Vetilius a Man of known Valour came to suppress the Tumults in Lusitania Viriatus with 10000 Fighting Men was entring Andaluzia rather as every Mans Companion than Commander as not daring to chastise them with his Example and good Words endeavoured to draw back those that scattered to Plunder but his Men not subject to Command could not be contained within Bounds which the Pretor perceiving he he fell upon them He is worsted by M. Vetilius and having killed a great number easily put the rest to flight Viriatus gathering the remains of his scattered Forces fled to a City near and there provided to oppose the Enemy It was not long before the Romans came and assaulted the City but finding they had sustained great loss the Pretor resolved to carry it by a long Siege So far had he prevailed that some principal Men among the Besieged began to treat of a Surrender without consulting Viriatus for as yet they owned him not for their Superiour Viriatus understanding there was such a design but not who were the Managers of it having in a raging Posture ran about and in that manner gathered the Multitude to him so efficaciously perswaded them to stand upon their Defence and to have no Faith in the Romans that they lifted him upon their Shoulders and carrying him about the Walls with loud crys Proclaimed him their General 3. The next day after he was proclaimed General Viriatus drew out 1000 Horse which was all he had and facing the Romans made show as if he designed to break through them which Vetilius the Pretor perceiving he kept his Men in a readiness to receive him But Viriatus's design being only to amuze the Enemy whilst his Foot escaped out of the City he continued in the same Posture the greatest part of the day At length understanding there was no Man left in the City all his Foot being got into the Mountains he stood the Enemies Charge and kept them in play till Night when through by-ways he hasted to the City Tribola whether he had sent his Foot This City stood upon the Coast between the Mouth of Guadiana and Gibraltar whence may be inferred that the other whence he came was not far off Vetilius in the Morning followed Viriatus who having by the way increased his Forces lay in wait on the Mountains that hung over a Valley into which there were two narrow Passes capable of only three Horsemen going in abreast Into this place the Romans entred without fear and turning their Horses to grass took themselves to their rest Viriatus giving the Sign to his Men to fall on the Romans on a sudden found themselves beset on all sides and being unarmed armed Vetilius Routed and Slain were put to the Sword without Mercy Among them dyed the Pretor his Questor with such as escaped the Slaughter and some Andaluzians thinking to Revenge this Disgrace engaging with Viriatus lost 10000 Men. The next Year Viriatus with Fire and Sword ranged all Carpentania as far as Toledo 147. without meeting any Opposition Thus was he employed when Caius Plaucius the Roman General who came to Command in Lusitania with 10000 Foot and 1300 Horse thought to have surprized him and his Men being now mostly dispersed about in burning the Country Viriatus tho weak kept the Romans in play still retiring till getting into the Mountains on a sudden they had lost him Plaucius sent 4000 Men to pursue and impede his March till he could come up with the rest of the Army but he turning upon them cut them all off before the Pretor could Relieve them and having gained the Ford of Tagus speedily passed over it and returned into Lusitania Viriatus having gathered Strength encamped in a strong place now called Pomares near Evora whither Plaucius followed him and was so received that his whole Army turned their Backs Viriatus defeats Plaucius The Pretor fought with much Bravery and with his Example brought back his Men but all in vain for they were again put to flight and Plaucius himself with difficulty escaped 4. Now was Viriatus master of the Field ranging about Spain 146. and the Romans shut up in their Garisons when Claudius Vnimanus a most expert Captain was sent by the Senate to command in Lusitania He Overthrows Cl. Unimanus Viriatus Marching with a strong Body of Lusitanians the Pretor with a mighty Army met him but soon found how little confidence was to be placed in a Heartless Multitude for in the Field of Ourique he was overthrown scarce any of his Army escaping Death or Bondage This done Viriatus returned Victorious into Lusitania In the mean while Vnimanus sent to Cajus Nigidius the Pretor of the other Province to give the Enemy a diversion He entred the Territory of Riba de Coa and marched along the River destroying all before him Viriatus with all speed made towards him and overtook him near to the City Viseo where Nigidius in a plain strongly intrenched himself There Viriatus kept him besieged till Hunger forcing him to break out Nigidius escapes from him with Loss he with Difficulty escaped having lost the best part of his Army and all his Ensigns About 1000 of those that fled gathering together began to plunder the Villages as they passed and meeting 300 Lusitanians laden with Booty fell upon them But they were so hotly
and Viriatus perceiving the Enemy's Battel broke in the Pursuit rallying his Cavalry he gave such a Charge that Servilianus with his Elephants fled leaving 6000 Men dead Soon after this Servilianus pursuing a Lusitanian Robber called Corroba besieged him in a strong Place where Hunger forced him to surrender upon Promise not only of Life but that his Men should march off with their Arms yet so as to swear never more to employ them against the Romans But the Consul unmindful of his Promise when he had all the Troop of Robbers consisting of 500 Men in his Power cut off all their Right Hands except the Captain 's 8. Spring coming on all Lusitania was full of Warlike Preparations Viriatus marched against the Consul who had besieged the City of Erissana and with wonderful Cunning made his Way into it where having well encouraged the Defendants he sallied out so furiously that Servilianus was glad to retire to a Place of Advantage Viriatus makes Peace with the Romans Here he was so straiten'd that he made Proposals of Peace which were agreed upon and Viriatus allowed a Friend of the People of Rome This done the Armies parted one into Andaluzia the other into Lusitania One of those who approved of the Peace concluded was Quintus Servilius Cepio the Consul's Brother yet afterwards considering how dishonourable it was to Rome he openly blamed his Brother and by that Means obtained the Consulship and a numerous Army to better the Affairs of the Romans in Lusitania The Peace broken Cepio kept his Designs so private that the Lusitanians thought of nothing but their Country-Affairs They were awaken'd by the News brought that the Consul had by Storm taken the City of Arsa not far from Sevil. Viriatus was then at Valencia who immediately marched with some Troops towards Lusitania By the Way he reduced Segorbe which had revolted when Cepio appeared with a mighty Army He finding himself too weak for so powerful an Army with his Horse amused them till his Foot were got into the Mountains Cepio pursued him to cut off his Retreat into Portugal He as he fled into the Heart of Spain used excessive Cruelty to all that bore the Roman Name But finding this turned not to Account he sent an Ambassador to Cepio to put him in mind of the Peace so solemnly and so lately concluded The Consul having heard the Ambassadors and sounded their Dispositions with mighty Promises prevailed upon them to murder Viriatus Their Names were Dictalcon Minurus and Aulaus all three Captains of Note among the Lusitanians Viriatus killed by Treachery These three having undertaken this base Action returned and for some time kept Viriatus in hand with the Hopes of Peace till waiting their Opportunity in the Dead of the Night they enter'd his Tent and slew him as he lay asleep Thence they fled to give the Consul an Account of what they had done whose Countenance they found altered as it generally happens to Traytors after they have committed the Treason 9. In the Morning the Lusitanians missing their General they went into his Tent where finding him dead the whole Camp was filled with Lamentation and in Revenge of his Death they put all the Roman Prisoners to the Sword His Funeral-Pomp To perform his Funeral-Rites with all imaginable Pomp in the midst of the Field they raised a vast Pile of Timber leaving a Place for the Body The Top of the Pile was adorned with Ensigns and other Trophies of Arms. Then their Idolatrous Priest going up to the Top called upon the Ghost of Viriatus and killing some Captives with their Blood sprinkled the Arms which done he came down and set fire to the Pile which in a Moment consumed the Body The Funeral-Rites thus performed the Army chose one Tantalus for their General but he wanting the Fortune and Conduct of Viriatus could not so much as lead back his People into their own Country Servilius to gain the Reputation of a merciful Conqueror was content that the Lusitanians delivering up their Arms should be dispersed into several Parts Viriatus as to his Person was of a large Stature strong Limbs curled Hair large Eyes broad Eye-brows a stern Countenance and a large hooked Nose As to his Qualities he was modest liberal prudent of a ready Wit and quick of Invention Some of Viriatus's Soldiers gathering up his Ashes brought them back into his own Country and buried them together with his Sword In the time of King John the III. who reigned from the Year 1521 till 1557. in the Territory of Belas two Leagues from Lisbon and in the Lands of Peter Machado Carregueyro in turning up certain old Ruins was found a Stone Chest with this Inscription Hic Jacet Viriatus Lusitanus Dux In it was found a Sword on which certain Characters were Engraven The Prince and many other persons of Note saw it and Machado offering to sell the Sword they would give nothing for it so he gave it to a Friend of his of the Island Madera and by that means it was lost The Chest was broke in pieces and no part of it remains CHAP. VI. The Actions of the Lusitanians after the Death of Viriatus from the Year 133. before Christ till the Year 80. when Sertorius takes upon him the Command with his Exploits till the Year 70. 1. THE Lusitanians not loosing their Courage 130. though they had lost their General Tantalus Commands the Lusitanians broke out again under their new Commander Tantalus but not with the same Fortune as before being easily suppressed by the Consul Decius Junius Brutus who reduced then to sue for Peace It was granted upon tolerable Conditions one whereof was that he should assign them Lands to live upon These Lands were along the delightful Southern Coast upon the River Turia now Guadalaviar where they built the most famous City Valencia the foundation whereof is therefore assigned to Brutus the Consul This Army thus Disbanded Brutus entred Lusitania without meeting any opposition till he came to Eburobricium a City seated on the Sea-coast near to which now stands the Town of Alfazeyran the Inhabitants of this place adventured to come out a League from their Walls and give the Consul Battle He in the heat of the Fight vowed he would there build a Temple to Neptune if he obtained the Victory and having without much difficulty overthrown his Enemy performed his Vow He laid Siege to the City and soon was Master of it 2. The next Year Brutus with his victorious Army passed over the rapid River Duero and coming unexpectedly upon the People that inhabited between that River and Minho made a great slaughter of them which obliged such as could escape to fly to the Mountains Thence in Parties they came down and cut off many of his Men nay the very Women showed such Valour that the Consul was obliged to kill a great number of them but perceiving the harm was done him from the Mountains he
well that he was continued in that Government four Years doing incredible harm in the Country and at last triumphed at Rome 90. The chief service that acquired him that Honour was the War with the People between the Rivers Duero and Minho There he had first knowledge of the Islands called Cassiterides which some imagine to be those of Bayona in Galicia The Islands of Bayona in Galicia and other believe they were swallowed by the Sea they were ten in Number one of them only inhabited the Natives of a swarthy Complexion their cloathing a long Gown down to the Feet girt upon the Breast all of them carried Staves in their hands 87. They traded with other Nations particularly the Carthaginians for Hides and Lead and Tin whereof they had great Plenty still the Proconsul Licinius Crassus by fair means drew them to the Roman Friendship The cruel Wars between Marius and Sylla hindred the Romans from sending Supplies into Spain 85. the Lusitanians took hold of that opportunity and with a numerous Body breaking into the Roman Provinces exercised the utmost Cruelty sparing neither Sex nor Age and this made the Roman Commanders quit the weaker places and retire to those of more safety But in the height of this their prosperity 83. came Caius Annius sent by Sylla after Sertorius who in two great Battles though with much difficulty overthrew the Lusitanians This made them sensible that they only wanted a General and therefore pitched upon Sertorius who was then in Mauritania 7. Sertorius was well known in Spain for the share he had in the War of Numantia Sertorius his Origin he was born in Italy among the Sabini of an indifferent Family neither Great nor Despicable His first Years he spent in the Schools the best and last in the Army Being ill treated at Rome he fled into Spain and then into Africk where in the City of Tangier he found the body of the Gyant Antâ—us and other pieces of Antiquity Here Ambassadors sent from Lusitania found him and in the Name of the People invited him to come and Command them which he immediately accepted and came over with the Ambassadors At his first Arrival he gained the good will of all Men He comes into Lusitania by his Affability and Bounty and chose Evora for a place of Arms when he had taken an Oath of Fidelity of the Lusitanians he visited the Province accompanied with 700 Horse and 4000 Foot and with all possible Diligence provided all Necessaries for War The Neighbouring People perceiving it offered him their Service as did others farther off moved by their Example Among them the City Osca which Tradition will have to be that in Aragon a strong Place where Sertorius settled an University This he did for his own Security rather than the Instruction of the People that he might there have the principal Youth of the Country together as Hostages His Practises for the fixing of this University Professors of all Sciences came from several Countries To strenghten his Enterest the more he made use of another practice which is that having a Hind brought him he made her so tame that she followed him in the Army amidst the Noise of Arms and the People admiring thereat he gave out it was sent him by the Goddess Diana to give him advice how to behave himself in the War When he understood that any of his Captains had gained a Victory he caused the Hind to be Crown'd with Flowers by him he entrusted with the Secret and as soon as let loose she would run to him and he putting his Ear to her Mouth would discover what he had been told before saying Diana gave him that intelligence by the Mouth of the Hind This Fraud made the People follow him as if he were somewhat more than Man 8. Sertorius having thus gained the Affections of the Lusitanians His Warlike Exploits and secured their Children as Hostages at Osca ventured to take the Field against the Romans with only 8000 Men whereof 5000 were Lusitanians the rest Italians and Africans Nine Years he maintained War against Rome and against four of its best Generals who brought over 7000 Horse and 122000 Foot besides the Spanish Auxiliaries His first Exploit was the subduing most part of the Province of Carpentania where he found little or no Resistance Next he defeated Cota the Roman Admiral who kept the Streights of Gibraltar and hinder'd Supplies from coming to him out of Mauritania Sailing victorious up the River Guadalquiver he surprized at Break of Day the Roman Army under the Command of Didius who lay encamped upon the Banks of the River and put the greatest part of it to the Sword Herculeus one of his Captains was sent out by him against Lucius Domitius who by Order of the Consul Quintus Metellus Pius destroyed all the Country between Andaluzia and the Pyrenean Mountains Herculeus pursuing overtook him in Aragon where he overthrew his Army and killed him The Fame of this Defeat moved Manilius Proconsul of Gallia Norbonensis to pass the Mountains with a mighty Army of Romans and Gauls in hopes to gather together the few scatter'd Remnants of Domitius's Army But the Victor flushed with his late Success met him near Lerida where a most bloody Battel was fought and Manilius routed with a terrible Slaughter of the Roman Legions but above all of the French Horse In the mean while Sertorius stuck close to Metellus who perceiving himself to be still upon the Losing Hand resolved to alter his Method of Carrying on the War and laid Seige to Lacobriga now called Lagos in the Kingdom of Algarve Want of Water pressed the Besieged but Sertorius with great Rewards prevailed with 2000 Soldiers to break through the Roman Camp with each of them a Skin-full of Water This Supply encouraged the Lacobrigenses till Sertorius could come to raise the Seige But Metellus hearing of his Preparations marched away and left it Want of Provisions forced him to depart for Sertorius had cut off a Legion that was coming to him with a Convoy Metellus marched into Andaluzia Sertorius keeping close at his Heels and came to Osca where the Lusitanian Youths were designing to take that Place but it was well provided Besides the Lusitanian Army being upon his Back he marched away to Cartagena and Sertorius returned to Evora Thus it appears that Osca where the University was erected was not in Arragon as some will have it but in Andaluzia At Evora Sertorius received Ambassadors from Mithridates King of Pontus He proposed to settle Amity for the subduing of Italy offered Ships and asked some Lusitanian Soldiers Besides he offered to Sertorius the whole Dominion of Asia Sertorius received the Ambassadors with Majesty promised the Supply of Soldiers and afterwards sent it The Ambassadors being dismissed Sertorius employed himself in making Provision for the next Campaign and exercising his Men knowing he could not expect long to enjoy Peace 9. In
where we will leave him Tubero left to Govern the Province Pub. Cincinnatus succeeds Caesar as Propraetor kept it in Peace till the coming of the Proconsul Publius Cincinnatus in whose time the Lusitanians began again to raise Arms but Authors do not give us any particular Relation of the Event of those Commotions till the Time of the Praetor Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinter About the same time there marched a mighty Army out of Spain whereof a considerable part were Lusitanians Crassus destroys near 40000 Spaniards The Gauls oppressed by Julius Caesar had called them to their Assistance Publius Crassus Caesar's Legate overthrew them killing and taking Prisoners almost 40000. Whilst this was done in France Quintus Cecilius Dentatus the Praetor in Lusitania raised a dangerous War by endeavouring to carry a great Quantity of Corn out of the Country which moved the People to take up Arms but having forced him to retire and fortifie himself in the Mountain of Venus now called Pomares near Evora they came to a Composition he promising not to carry away the Corn. 52. Quintus Cecilius Metellus was Successor to Dentatus and governed both Provinces of Spain The Vectones of Estremadura and the Vaccei of Old Castile revolting he overthrew them but with so little Loss on their side that being recruited they came upon him then besieging Clunia now Corunna and drove him from the Siege 51. He in like manner making up his Forces returned and gave them a second Rout. Tubero succeeded Metellus 30. as Proconsul He continued the War against the Vectones and Vaccei and was by them in Battel overthrown The Tumults raised by the Vaccei and Vectones moved the Senate to send Pompey to pacifie the Province But whilst he prepared to set forwards with the Grandeur becoming him three Legates came one of them was Petreius whose Province was Lusitania and the Care of quelling the Vaccei and Vectones With him joined the People of Beyra and together they forced their Enemies to sue for Peace After which Petreius went to the Assistance of those of the Province of Beyra 47. against a great Number of the People that came from between the Rivers Duero and Minho who were going over to settle among them and though with considerable Loss he secured the Pass and drove them back 3. Julius Caesar having drove Pompey out of Râ—me was now coming again into Spain The Legates having Notice thereof prepared to oppose him and Petreius joining Afranius they together made up near 60000 Men as well Romans as Spaniards Caesar sent his Legate Caius Fabius to gain the Passes of the Pyrenean Mountains which he performed so successfully that Pompey's Party lying about Leâ—ida saw Cesar's Colours before they had heard of the approach of his Army Caesar returns and expels Pompey's Party Soon after came Caesar himself who reduced the two Legates to that Necessity that they surrender'd themselves into his Power he using no other Severity towards them than to order them to lay down their Arms and depart Spain And they accordingly went away to Pompey then raising Forces in the East This done 44. Caesar returned to Rome leaving the Government of Portugal and Andaluzia with the Title of Pro-Praetor to Quintus Cassius Longinus a Man naturally cruel and an Enemy to the Spaniards He accordingly exercised his Hatred and Avarice and at last laid Seige to the City Mirobriga which offered to buy its Liberty but he set it at so high a Rate that they having 11 Days granted them to resolve in chose rather privately to fly away to the Mountains The Pro-Praetor finding the City empty followed the Inhabitants where he took from them all they had before saved The Herminii thus plunder'd their Number increasing resolved to possess themselves of the Plains along the River Tagus turning out the ancient Proprietors A great Number of them were cut off by the Citizens of Lisbon as they endeavoured to pass that River Then the Mountaineers desisting from their first Purpose encamped about Lisbon but being there surprized in the Night by their Enemies almost all of them perished 4. Cneus and Sextus 43. the Sons of Pompey the Great came into Spain Cneus and Sextus the two Sons of Pompey in Spain invited by the general Consent of the People The Eldest was declared General at Cartagena and set out thence with a good Army Garrisoning all the strong Towns Sextus Pompeius was left at Cordova Julius Caesar's two Legates Pedius and Fabius Maximus observed the Motions of the two Pompeys and gave Caesar an Account of all that passed and he travelled with all possible Speed into Spain In the mean time Philo a Lusitanian raised Men and joined himself to Cneus The Celerity of Caesar was incredible yet came he not so soon but that his Legates were before defeated by Cneus Pompeius with a mighty Slaughter The Legates fled to their Camp where Pompey assaulted them three times and was as often repulsed At last he understood they stole away by Night but in such good Order that he durst not pursue them especially hearing that Caesar was come to Saguntum and that Andaluzia began to mutiny Understanding that Caesar marched towards Cordova he directed his Course thither and to march the lighter he left all his Sick at Capara By the Way he laid Siege to Vlia now Montemayor but it being relieved by Caesar he removed towards Cordova 15 Miles distant where he found his Enemy expecting that the Towns-People would have delivered the Place to him but the Vigilancy of Sextus and the Arrival of Cneus prevented the Design Caesar thus disappointed removed and laid Siege to a strong Place which Pompey had made his Magazin It was then called Ategua and now Teba the Old Pompey marched to relieve it but finding the Besiegers too strong returned with Speed to Cordova yet being sent for by the Besieged he returned again to Ategua and sent in some Succour and Munacius Flaccus to govern in the City He seeing no Hopes to hold out surrender'd himself and the City to Caesar upon Discretion This so enraged Pompey that upon light Surmizes he put to Death almost 80 Men of Note and by this Means made himself odious to all that followed him whereof many deserted 5. In this manner their Affairs went on Caesar overthrows Pompey at Munda till Caesar and Pompey met at Munda now a little Town called Monda five Leagues distant from Malaga This City was Garrison'd by Pompey and in it consisted all his Hopes wherefore he lay to secure it with 60000 Men. Hither Caesar came to engage Pompey and the Battel began most furiously Pompey behaved himself so gallantly that Caesar was once in doubt whether he should not kill himself as despairing of the Victory But considering better he lighted off his Horse and snatching a Buckler from a Soldier ran desperately into the thickest of his Enemies saying to his own Men This Day will
from being plunder'd and burnt as all others they came at were But a violent Pestilence raging among the Galicians so wasted them that they were obliged to return home carrying the Contagion with them so that the Harm they did at home was greater than the Profit of their Expedition 9. The Bracarenses delivered from the Fear of two terrible Enemies the Plague and the Galicians resolved to be revenged on the People of Porto War betwixt the People of Bâ—aga and Porto for having joined with those of Galicia only for their own Preservation War being declared the Aggressors had the better till in one Battel those of Porto took some Prisoners on whom they exercised their Cruelty Many of them they tied to Stakes upon their Walls and in the sight of their Enemies shot them for Sport Moved at this Sight the Bracarenses sent certain Troops to take Revenge on them but they being either killed or taken Prisoners served only to revive their Sorrow Among these were a Son and a Father-in-Law whose Death so troubled the Wife of the one and Daughter of the other that associating her self with some desperate Women and a good Number of Soldiers she in the Night laid an Ambush not far from the City and scaling the Walls silently stole thence the two Bodies But being discovered by the Sentinels she was pursued by the Towns-men whom she led to the Place of the Ambush where most of them were killed or made Prisoners The Prisoners she carried in Triumph to Braga and there on the Walls made them suffer the same Death which their Country-men had inflicted on her Friends This done she honourably buried her Father and Husband and then killed her self Now the Citizens of Porto finding themselves hard beset by the Bracarenses prayed Aid of Norbanus Calvius Legate to Augustus in Lusitania with whose Assistance they twice overthrew their Enemies Many Cities seeing that of Porto victorious sent to congratulate and curry Favour with them One of the Cities that followed this Counsel was Cinania lying nearer to Braga than Porto but they had afterwards Occasion enough to repent CHAP. IX The total Conquest of all Spain by Augustus Caesar With all other Occurrences from the Year 27 before the Birth of Christ till his Blessed Nativity 1. MOre were the Bracarenses grieved to see their Neighbours slighted them than at the Loss they had sustained and therefore gathering again their Forces they marched towards Porto An Hundred and fifteen Women and 200 Men made up a Party of Light-Horse which leaving the rest of their Army in Ambush went to draw the Enemy out Norbanus Calvius marched out with all his Force that Body of Horse before-mentioned sometimes flying and sometimes fighting till they drew the Romans to the Place of Ambush where a mighty Slaughter was made of the Romans and the People of Porte Norbanus was killed by a Woman who returâ—ed to Braga with his Head and Right Hand as did several others with those of several Men of Note The Bracarenses used their Victory with Insolency The People of Braga subdue Porto oppressing the City of Porto in the heavy Conditions of Peace they prescribed to them Being delivered of that Enemy they bent their Force against Cinania in Revenge for their having joined with those of Porto and laid Siege to the City The Besieged were not unprovided nor did they want Resolution so that many brave Attempts were made on both sides At length Hunger beginning to pinch the Besieged and the Besiegers being sensible thereof the Case grew desperate When the Cinanians had devoured all that was to be found in the City rather than submit themselves to the Cruelty oâ— their Enemies they set open their Gates and rushing out like hungry Lions failed but little of obtaining the Victory but at length oppressed with the Multitude they were all put to the Sword without Distinction oâ— Sex or Age. Nor was this all for the Victors executed their Rage upon the very Stones overthrowing the Walls and rasing all the Buildings to the Ground 2. Octavius Caesar having now brought all the Roman Empire under his Subjection found that only three Nations in Spain opposed his Authority and those were the Biscainers Galicians and Lusitanians who inhabited between the Rivers Duero and Minho Augustus Caesar comes into Spain To the subduing of these he came in Person with a mighty Power but being taken in Biscay with a violent Hypochondriack Distemper he left there two Legates to continue the War and went away to take the delightful Air of Andaluzia where he gave himself up to the Care of his Physician Anthony Musa who effecting a great Cure upon him was magnificently rewarded Whilst he was under Cure his Legates overthrew the Biscainers betrayed to them by the Tragicini Such as escaped fled to Lancia a City near Oviedo in Asturias where they made some Opposition but at last were forced to submit Thence the Victors advanced bearing down all before them quite through Galicia We have no particular Account how the People between the Rivers Ducro and Minho were subdued whether they submitted terrified with the Example of the others or else were included in the Conquest of Galicia 3. Augustus Emerita Augusta now Merida founded by Augustus thus become Lord of the World to reward his old Soldiers who had served him so many Years he assigned them Lands and founded a City which he called Emerita Augusta now Merida which he made the Metropolis of Lusitania and gave it mighty Privileges Some will not have Augustus to be the Founder but rather Repairer of Merida In Gratitude for this his Bounty they raised Temples to him and dedicated Priests to his Service All the Cities in Spain followed their Example That of Porto used all manner of Flattery to oblige him to their Assistance in order to cut off the heavy Yoke imposed upon them by their Enemies the Bracarenses Their Ambassadors were favourably heard and brought back an Answer such as they could have wished that Caius Antistius and Marcus Agrippa were upon their March to their Assistance This so encouraged the Inhabitants of Porto that before the Roman Forces could join them they not only ravaged the open Country but entred the City of Braga with great Slaughter those Citizens suspecting no such thing Yet laying hold of their Weapons they pursued them to the very Walls of Porto Scarce had they encamped about the City when they perceived the Romans upon them so numerous that they were forced to fly with all speed and take the Shelter of their own Walls providing for a dangerous Siege Before the Romans could take their Posts about the City the Bracarenses sallied out and much Harm was done on both sides Among the Prisoners taken by the Romans was a young Maid who had acted like a Virago She was taken by a Trooper and the Roman General by her Beauty who would have set her at liberty promising to pay her Ransom The Trooper
Valour At last Ricciarius was utterly overthrown with the Slaughter of all the flower of the Suevians 2. Ricciarius after this rout fled to the Sea-side Ricciarius his end and Embarking thought to have got over into Africk to call the Vandals and Alans to his assistance but by a violent Storm was drove to the River of Porto Those People to gain the Favour of the Conqueror who was now subduing the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho secured and delivered him up to Theodoricus He Governed by Passion cut off his Head and in him perished the Glory of the Suevian Kingdom so that it never after rose to any Grandeur His Death was the more lamented for that he was a Prince zealous of the true Religion Accordingly in his life-time he assembled a National Synod at Aquae Celenae a Town in Galicia now called St. George of Codesâ—da here several Heresies were Condemned and particularly that of Priscilian The Victorious Theodoricus laid Siege to Braga which was soon Surrendred to him Here he left one Aliulfus Governour whilst he crossing the River Duero went on to conquer all that had been subject to the Suevian King all yielded to him without any opposition except the City Merida the Garrison and Inhabitants of which place were so hardy as to meet the Goths in the Feild which Theodoricus so highly resented that he promised to rase the City but the Virgin St. Eulalia is said to have appeared to him in a Dream and deterred him from putting his design in Execution 3. Theodoricus was upon his return to France Theodoricus having conquered Spain puts it under Governours when he had intelligence that Aliulfus whom he had made Governour of Braga had assumed the Title of King and raised a considerable Army to maintain it But giving Battle to Nepocianus Theodoricus his General lost his life From that time the Suevians remained subject to the Goths All things being thus quieted Theodoricus went away to France leaving Governours over all his Conquests The People considering the oppression they lay under by the ill Administration of these Governours and wanting the power to Revolt had recourse to the Bishops and Clergy praying them to intercede with Theodoricus that he would appoint a King over them whom they might obey and who yet might be subordinate to him The Bishops undertook the Business and Idacius Prelate of Lamego having proposed the matter of the Embassy to Theodoricus in France he tho' an Arrian respecting the Character of the Embassadors not only granted their request but allowed the People to choose a King among themselves to Govern them according to their Ancient Laws only paying some small acknowledgment to the Kings of the Goths Two Kings set up in Lusitania As soon as the Bishops returned to Braga joyning with the Laity they chose for their King one Masdra the Son of Masila This which was intended for the peace of the Country proved its greatest Confusion for some of the Nobility who were not present at the Election set up for their King one Franta who presently possessed himself of all the Lands along the Coast of Galicia with the Cities of Astorga Orense and Iria Flavia. Masdra held all Lusitania and was accounted King of the Suevians he thought by his submission and paying the Tribute to gain the favour of Theodoricus and obtain Aid against his Competitor But the Goth politickly thinking it better the Kingdom should be divided as being thereby the less capable of Rebelling against him accepted of the submission of them both for Franta had sent to pay his obedience with no less speed than the other 4. The Kingdom of the Suevians thus divided 457. fell into those Calamities which commonly attend States that depend between Competitors Two Years the Wars continued very furious during which time so many Towns about the Frontiers were subverted as might well have contented either party but at last both of them grown weary 460. gave over the strife Masdra who had the better Title died and left a Son called Remismundus his Successor he considering how little had been gained on either side by the War not only made Peace but entred into League with his Competitor Thus with their united Forces they conquered several parts of Lusitania which owned neither of them but either followed their own Captains or had again put themselves under the Roman Empire Thus done they both returned home satisfied having enlarged their Dominions which they would have wasted by waging War upon one another A prodigious Birth Two Years Franta enjoyed Peace at the end whereof he died leaving the Crown to his Brother Frumarius At this time hapned a Prodigy in the Territory of Braga which was the Birth of two Children each of them having two heads like one another and of two several Sexes Remismundus and Frumarius falling at variance about Precedency took up Arms by force whereof the latterâ—gained of the other the City Flavia now Chaves in which and all its Territory he spared not even the Stones all the Country was consumed with Fire and Sword Remismundus was satisfied with doing as much harm in his Enemies Country as he received in his own he took by open force the Cities of Orense and Lugo in which he exercised the utmost Efforts of his Fury 5. This Desolation continued for the space of two Years 464. when Death put a stop to it by taking away Frumarius The Suevian Kingdom again united under Remismundus and his subjects having left him for whom before they had forfeited their quiet submitted themselves to Remismundus who thus became absolute and sole King of the Suevians He presently thought of recovering all that remained of Lusitania and passing over the River Duero with his Army marched to the Ancient Coimbra now Condeixa which the Romans had Rebuilt and Fortified It was then a place impregnable and accordingly put a stop for a while to Remismundus but he persisting before it had it at last surrendred upon Honourable Conditions though contrary to his Faith given he broke the Conditions robbing the Garrison and rasing the City Lisbon made such a vigorous Defence that he began to despair of carrying it but a Citizen called Lusidius privately gave him Entrance into it so that he was within before the Townsmen could put themselves in order to oppose him Remismundus thus possessed of all those Dominions before divided fearing least Theodoricus the Goth might grow jealous of his great power sent him an account of his Victories with the best of the spoiles He Marries the Daughter of Theodoricus assuring him of the continuance of his Fidelity to the Gothish Kings Theodoricus overcome with this Generosity sent him his Daughter for Wife with a great Mass of Treasure under the charge of his Ambassador Salanus 6. This was an unhappy Match for Lusitania The Arian Heresie first spread in Lusitania for the Suevians being before true Sons of the
sold to him upon Credit But it appears very fabulous that a King should part with a Kingdom upon so slender an Account The true Reason was the Rebellion of the People headed by the wicked Count. 8. King Ramiro III. Ramiro III succeeds under the Tuition of his Mother and Aunt succeeded his Father when he was but six Years of Age his Mother Queen Teresa and his Aunt Elvira the Nun managing the Government with such Prudence during his Minority that there was no Want of him to be perceived Besides there was then a Truce with Hiscen King of Cordova then but 11 Years of Age and under the Tuition of the famous Ahagis Surnamed Almanzor a most cruel Enemy to the Christians The Normans invade Galicia and are cut in pieces This Tranquility was disturbed by the Normans invading Galicia But the Count Gonzalo Sanchez falling upon them with a great Force left not one of them to carry the News of the Defeat At this time the City Coimbra was subject to the Kings of Leon and the Christians about it possessed their Lands in Peace After all things had thus remained quiet 7 or 8 Years 975. Alcoracis supposed to be King of Sevil broke into Lusitania with such a Power that the Christian Counts not able to withstand him fled from the Plains to the inaccessible Mountains The Barbarians destroying all the Country as they went passed even the River Minho and laid Siege to Compostela where the Plague so violently raged in their Army that few of them returned home 978. King Ramiro being come to Age he shewed himself so incapable of the Government Civil Broils that the Counts of Portugal and Galicia took Occasion to proclaim another King which was Bermudo Son to King Ordonno III by his Second Wife Elvira The King awaking at the News of this Rebellion met the Rebels 981. and a Battel was fought between them which lasted the whole Day Night parted the Armies and each returned home neither victorious nor overthrown In this Fight perished the Flower of the Spanish Cavalry that used to withstand the Moors Coimbra was not concerned in this Rebellion it then enjoyed Peace under Portuguese Governors The Chief who commanded all the rest was Count Gonzalo Moniz 9. The Civil Broils we have spoken of 983. encouraged the Moorish General Almanzor spurred on by the Fugitive Count D. Vela who had been expelled his Lands to break the Truce Many Places in Portugal taken and destroyed by the Moors Many notable Places in Portugal were again brought under by the Infidels and among them Coimbra Porto Braga and Britonium which was laid level with the Ground so that only the Memory of its Name remains The same Fate attended Lamego and Viseo in the Province of Beira The King adventuring to give the Moors Battel was overthrown and forced to retire to the Mountains being almost reduced to the miserable Condition that Pelayus or Pelagius had been when first Spain was over-run Count Garcia Fernandez Lord of Castile being persecuted by D. Vela and his Adherents always kept the Field against the Moores but being forsaken by the People of Leon was not able to prevent the Loss of many Places In Portugal only the small Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho and the Mountain-Country of Beira now adhered to D. Bermudo who still called himself King in Galicia To these Parts many great Men who before lived in the Territories of Coimbra withdrew themselves The unfortunate King thus thrust into a Corner by D. Bermudo on the one side 985. and by the Moors on the other died at Leon in the 33th Year of his Age and 28th of his Reign was buried in the Monastery of St. Michael of Distriana founded by his Grandfather King Ramiro II and 200 Years after translated thence by King Ferdinand to the Cathedral of Astorga He was married to the Lady Vrraca of whose Parentage we have no Account nor did she leave any Issue By his own Sister Ermesenda he had incestuously a Son called D. Sancho el Velloso or The Hairy CHAP. IX The Succeeding Kings from the Year 985. till 1037. with the coming of the Gascons into Portugal and their exploits against the Moores many places recovered by them and others from the Infidels 1. KIng Ramiro dying 985. D. Bermudo was left sole Possessor of the Crown Bermudo 〈◊〉 many places and 〈…〉 by Almanzor At the beginning of his Reign he wholly applied himself to the Government but soon after he became so entirely given up to his Vices and especially to incontinency that he was slighted by his Subjects 989. and became contemptible to his Enemies Almanzor laying hold of this opportunity and prompted by the fugitive D. Vela invaded again the Christian Territories and without any considerable opposition subdued all the Towns between the Rivers Dueâ—â— and Ezla Here King Bermudo came upon him so unexpectedly that he put his vast Army to the rout but Almanzor perceiving how disordered the Christians pursued rallying some of his scattered Forces changed the fortune of the Day and drove those that before were victorious to the Gates of Leon. That City had immediately fallen into the hands of the Infidels had not the matchless valour of Count William Gonzalez a Portuguese placed there Governour by the King defended it against the fury of the Infidels tho' the King then lying at Oviedo took no care to relieve the place In the year 996. 996 Almanzor again incamped before the same City resolving not to depart thence till he were Master of it Above a Year the Count held out against all the fury of Almanzor's Assaults and Batteries in so much that the Moore was about quitting the Siege and had certainly done it had the King either come or sent any Succour to the Besieged At length a great part of the Wall shaken with a continual Battery fell down and the Moores gave a furious Assault which obliged the Count tho' then sick in Bed to cause himself to be carried as he was to the Breach to give the necessary Orders and encourage his Soldiers Three whole days did he make good the Breach with great Slaughter of the Assailants till another Breach being made the Infidels broke in overpowering the Defendants All the Inhabitants were put to the Sword the City Plundered and laid level with the Ground The same fate attended Astorga which done Almanzor with his Army loaded with Booty returned to Cordova to Winder 2. Ataulphus Archbishop of Compostelâ— A strange trial of an 〈◊〉 Archbishop being wrongfully accused before the King he ordered him to be exposed to the fury of a wild Bull who coming to him instead of Tossing him upon his Horns left them both in his Hand which was a sufficient Testimony of that Prelates innocence Almanzor again broke out like a Torrent overturning all that the Christians had repaired of the former Ruins and destroying what was before
Hermiron Alboazar accompanied him in these Conquests of whom are descended some Honourable Families in Spain 5. The tranquility the King's Tutors endeavoured to preserve in the Kingdom Count Froila a Portugues Rebels during his Minority was disturbed by the Portuguese Count Froila Vermuiz who took up Arms against the King They came to a Battle in the Territory of Mafra betwixt Villanueva and Betancos where Froila got the Victory The King now grown bigger was much incensed against Count Froila and his anger was increased by the insinuations of Q. Elvira his Wife and Daughter to Count Mendo Gonzalez Froila being in disgrace had again recourse to Arms which not a little troubled the King and the more for that at the same time he received the News that another had rebelled in the City Oviedo Thither the King hasted leaving Froila till he was more at leasure But he marched directly after the King and overtook him at such time as he was ready to Assault the City The King was advised to forbear the Assault least in the heat of it Froila should fall upon him behind His Submission but he Answered Let the Assault be carried on for the Count is so much a Gentleman that he will not fall upon the backs of his Enemies As he said it fell out for Froila overcome by that Generosity joyned his Forces to the King 's and so forwarded the attack that the City was immediately carried In this Action the Count behaved himself so bravely that he lost both his Eyes at which the King was exceedingly grieved and bestowed large possessions on him in some measure to recompense his loss About this time Count Garcia Fernandez of Castile was killed in a Battle betwixt Alcozar and Langra having behaved himself with great Bravery he being one of the most notable Commanders of that Age. His Son Sancho succeeded him as well in his Courage as Dominions and often revenged his Death upon the Moores There being several pretenders to the Kingdom of Cordova he seemingly sided with each of them to have the better opportunity to ruin them all The fugitive Count Vela who used to stir up the Moores against the Christians was now dead and his Sons Roderick James and Innigo were restored to their Estates and served the Count as their natural Lord. He the more to Honour them made the Eldest God-father to his own Eldest Son D. Garcia and yet he afterwards behaved himself like a Traitor as his Father had done before 6. The Divisions among the Moores at Cordova were very advantagious to the Christians of Leon Castile and Portugal Those that had escaped the desolation made by Almanzor about Coimbra dealt with the Infidels and bought Lands of them at a very low rate it appears by the original Deeds still extant that Oborez a Moore sold the Town of Botam to Arias Prior of the Convent of Botam for a Mare and her Fole 1012. either the Mare was worth much or the Town very little Till the Year 1020 1020. we have no account of any thing remarkable in Portugal Out of it the King repaired the City Leon and gave it a Charter and great Priviledges to all that would come and inhabit there 1026. Six years after was Born the renowned Captain Roderick de Bivar Roderick de Bivar commonly called Cid his Birth commonly called Cid which in Arabick signifies Lord of whom mention will be made hereafter The Christian affairs throughout Spain were in a flourishing condition the King entred Portugal recovering many Towns in the Province of Beira till he came and incamped before Viseo 1027. The City was obstinately defended and the King going out in the Evening unarmed to view the Enemies Works was shot through the Body with an Arrow from the Walls King Alonso slain Some write that he died there presently others that he was carried to Porto His death we shall hereafter see revenged as far as it could be His body was laid in a stately Tomb at Leon he lived Thirty Two Years and Reigned Twenty Eight being bred in Galicia by Count Mendo Gonzalez Lord of Vierzo he married his Daughter By her he had Bermudo his Successor and Sancha who afterwards came to be Queen he had also a Bastard Son called Nunno Alvarez de Amaya or Roderick Anzures Lieutenant of Asturias and Lord of Gijon 7. Bermudo III. Bermudo III. Succeeds of the Name succeeded his Father Alonso V. but so young it was much feared his tender Years might produce some notable Disorders in the Government His extraordinary Abilities far above his Years soon dried up the Tears his subjects shed for his Father and made them rejoice in so unexpected a Blessing He was extreamly Religious and Devout and therefore applied himself to the re-establishing of many ruined Churches Being of Age to Marry he took to Wife the Lady Ximena or Teresa younger Daughter to Count Sancho Lord of Castile by whom he had D. Alonso who lived but a few days He concluded a match between his Sister the Lady Sancha and D. Garcia An inhuman Murther the Son of Count Sancho of Castile King Sancho of Navarre who was Brother-in-law to D. Garcia bore him Company to Leon to honour his Marriage The next day after their Arrival the Bridegroom went out with the Bishop to hear Mass in the way he was assaulted by the Sons of the traitor D. Vela before spoke of and by them stabbed in several places his own God-father being the first that wounded him This News being carried to Court the Bride forgetting her Grandeur ran out to the place and pittifully lamenting her loss it was thought she would have given up the Ghost upon the dead Body She railed at the Murderers which Count Fernan Flavino hearing had the impudence to strike her on the Face The Murderers for the present escaped but Sancho King of Navarre afterwards getting them into his power burnt them alive declaring all their progeny for ever infamous 8. D. Garcia thus murder'd and no Heir Male remaining to the Earldom of Castile Sancho King of Navarre possessed himself thereof in the Right of his Wife the Lady Elvira Wars betwixt the Christian Kings of Spain Sister to the late Count. Grown Great with this Accession of Power he made War upon King Bermudo about the Limits of Castile and Leon and conquered much of the Country betwixt the Rivers Pisuerga and Cea More had been won by him but that Sancha 1034. only Sister to King Bermudo was given in Marriage to Ferdinand Second Son to King Sancho This Lady swore she would never consent to the Match unless Count Fernan Flaminio who struck her on the Face as she lay upon the Body of the dead Count Garcia was delivered up to her This was accordingly done and she with her own Hands put him to a cruel Death 1035. but well deserved by him The King of Navarre dying Ferdinand of
made by the Almoravides It is likely that Henry came with the Command of these Troops and having gained esteem had the Government of the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho committed to him other great Men governing the others at the same time After the death of King Ferdinand who divided his Kingdoms among his three Sons Sancho King of Castile having taken Portugal from his Brother Garcia and Leon from Alonso his other Brother obliged him to fly for safety to the Moors 1071. Henry accompanied him in all misfortunes till Sancho being killed Alonso was not only restored to his own but seated in the Thrones of Castile and Portugal 1073. King Alonso considering that he who follows a Prince Gains the Affection of King Alonso deposed in his misfortunes does something more than Man concluded that Henry was a prodigy among mortals and therefore from that time resolved to suit his reward to his Fidelity 4. Beatrix the second Wife of King Alonso dying 1076. a match was agreed for him with the Lady Constance Alonso marries his Aunt Aunt to Earl Henry and he was sent to France to conduct her into Spain With him went Raymund Earl of Toulouse and with them both came Raymund Earl of Burgundy which is the reason some Authors write they came all together whereas the other two had been long before in Spain Thus Henry became great at Court the King being his Friend and the Queen his Aunt which his power he used with such moderation that he was beloved by all Men. 1081. He accompanied King Alonso at the memorable Seige and taking of Toledo as also at the Battle of Sagulias near Badajoz 1087. where the King was overthrown 1090. To reward all these Services the King at last gave him to Wife his Bastard Daughter Teresa He takes to Wife Teresa Bastard Daughter to Alonso and has in Dower the City Porto and its Territory whom he had by the Lady Ximena Nunnez de Gusman Her Dower was the City Porto with its Territory then the best part of what was gained in Portugal giving him leave to retire thither and live with his Wife His Age was the cause that he died leaving Teresa young to marry a second Husband which much disturbed the publick Peace Soon after the Christian Princes joining in League to conquer the Holy Land Earl Henry was chosen General of the Forces sent by King Alonso in which employ he gained great Honour He returned from this Expedition to Toledo where the Court of Castile was then kept in the Year 1099. King Alonso at this time being of a great Age sent his Son Prince Sancho being but Twelve Years of Age under the direction of D. Garcia Count of Cabra with an Army to oppose Almanzor the Moor. With them went many Persons of Quality among which the chief was Earl Henry they came to a Battle in the Plains of Veles where the Prince was unhorsed and killed 1100. though Henry and Garcia exposed themselves to save him Overthrows the Infidels and takes Almanzor prisoner Earl Henry meditating Revenge met Almanzor again in the Field whom he dismounted and took Prisoner delivering him to James Ordonnez for to carry him to the King this done Henry broke through the Infidels putting them to flight with a mighty slaughter 5. As it is doubtful whether Henry went to Hierusalem with the other Christian Princes so is it also whether he was present at the taking of Lisbon Santarem Sintra and other strong places by King Alonso but that he was at these latter Expeditions as most properly appertaining to him is most likely For his good services he receives other Territories of King Alonso But his great Age requiring some rest the King at last gave him leave to retire to Portugal giving to him for himself and his Heirs all that was conquered there which was the Cities Coimbra and Viseo and the three Provinces that betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho Beira and Tras os Montes with that part of Galicia as far as the Castle Lobeira and leave to conquer as far as Algarve Earl Henry settled his residence at Guimaraens taking the Title of Earl of Portugal The Portuguese encouraged by the presence of a Prince of their own did much upon the borders of the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho till then not entirely subdued but we have no particular account of their Actions Hecha Martin King of Lamego being a tributary to Henry rebelled and drawing together a powerful Army did much hurt in the Christian Territories The Earl with Egas Moniz a Gentleman then famous and afterward Tutor to King Alonso marched to recover the Booty he had taken and overtook him in a Valley near the Monastery of Arouca The Moor for greater security in case of any misfortune placed his Wife Queen Axa Anzures and all the Prey on the top of a Mountain he thought unaccessible called Sierra Seca The Christian Army encamped along the River Alarda and Egas Moniz seeing the Enemy advantagiously posted undertook with a good party by Night to go about the Mountains and at break of Day to be ready to fall upon them on the top Another overthrow given by him to the to the Moors whilst the Christian Army charged the Enemy below This was accordingly put in Execution and after a bloody Fight the Queen was taken above and the King below they becoming Christians the Earl bestowed the City Lamego upon them they paying tribute for the same 6. The Moores rebelling against their King for changing his Religion 1103. he fled to Guimaraens to crave aid of Earl Henry A Moorish King restored by him who by force took the City Lamego and restored him He fearing in the Earl's absence his Subjects would again revolt desired of him to leave some Portuguese Gentlemen to secure those Lands which was accordingly done and the Country People with Inhabitants brought from the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho He performs other great Actions This year some Writers will have it that Earl Henry went to the Holy Land with Guy of Lusignan and other Princes all the likelihood there is thereof is That we have no account of him in Portugal from the Year 1103. till the Year 1109. King Ali Haben Joseph with a numerous Army laid Siege to Coimbra which he furiously battered during a Month. Earl Henry marched to their relief and coming to a Battle overthrew the Infidels with a great Slaughter Cintra and other places revolted and were overcome but rising again they could not easily be subdued Whilst our Earl was diverted in the Wars of Galicia and Leon where he took some Towns Cyrus King of the Arabs taking the opportunity laid Siege to Santarem whither our Forces hasting to relieve the place were by him overthrown and so the Town being distressed Surrendred The Earl took several places in Leon so that King
considering the great merit of D. Payo Correa before spoken of made him General for the conquest of Algarve He acted therein with the success that was hoped of his conduct taking several strong holds among which were Estombar and Alvor Garcia Rodrigues who had travelled that Country as a Merchant was his principal Guide having forsaken the pursuit after Riches to purchase Honour with his Sword Paderne was also taken but cost dear the success remaining a long time dubious The Enemy having proposed a Cessation of Arms it was granted because our forces fatigued with so many expeditions required some time of refreshment During this Truce the Commendary Peter Perez with five Gentlemen went out to hunt in the Mountains of the Village of Antas In their passage by Tavira a City belonging to the Moors they were set upon by a greater number of Infidels Garcia Rodriguez the Merchant above mentioned passing that way hasted to their succour and after a brave resistance they were all killed upon the place D. Payo Correa could not come time enough to save their lives though upon the first advice of the accident he hasted thither Seeing his Friends could not be saved he fell upon the Enemy for revenge and they flying to the City he entred it together with them and though he met with a vigorous resistance made himself Master of it King Sancho hearing of the taking of Tavira gave it to the Knights of Santiago 4. The conquest of Silves only was wanting to compleat our General 's Glory Silves again recovered His Policy and Celerity brought it about the Enemy offering him a favourable opportunity The Inhabitants of that place went out to assist King Aben Afan at the Siege of Estombar D. Payo instead of relieving the Besieged attacked Silves then forsaken of its Defendants and easily made himself Master of it The Moorish King hasting to succour the City came late for his design but in time for D. Payo who rushing out of the City put him to flight so precipitately that he was drowned on the Coast which in memory of him is to this day called the Sea of Abenafan Thus all Algarve was brought under the power of King Sancho The Pope about this time having invited all Christian Princes to joyn their Forces against the Tartars 1244. King Sancho provided a Gallant Army for that Expedition but all his Preparations were disappointed for he went not as he had designed Roderick Sanchez Son to King Sancho I. having been long at variance with Giles de Soverosa a powerful Man in those days they met with armed Troops near the City Porto and after a sharp Engagement the dispute ended with the life of Roderick Sanchez who was there slain In this Encounter Roderick Fafes a Man of Note having lost his Horse asked Gonzalo Rodriguez de Abreu to give him his he gave it upon condition the other should give him his Daughter Mencia in Marriage which according to promise Fafes afterwards performed 5. The King continued to bestow liberally most rich Possessions on the Church The subjects ripe for rebellion tho' the King was blameless His goodly Actions deserved no less love of his Subjects than any of his Predecessors but it is not always Merit that gains esteem among Men. Envy towards his Favourites produced Malice against him nor was the fault in his Government or in choosing such Ministers but that all who aspired to it could not be Favourites There never is wanting a pretence to subjects disposed to rebell The King easing himself on his Favourites the Portuguese gave out he was uncapable to Govern and therefore proposed to erect a Lieutenant to manage affairs for him and made application to the Pope hereupon having fixed upon the King's Brother Alonso to fill that place and succeed him It was want of Loyalty in them and not of capacity in him that produced this Resolution One objection raised against King Sancho by his Enemies They cavil at all his Actions was That he had married a Wife below his Quality and was too fond of her Weak motives to a Rebellion especially considering his Queen was the Daughter of D. Lope Diaz de Haro Lord of Biscay and of Vrraca bastard Daughter to Alonso IX King of Leon so that she was equal to him either as being both the Off-spring of the same King's Bastards or as to grandeur her Father wanting nothing but the usurped Title of King to make him as great as he of Portugal It is true the Queen favouring those who had been instrumental in advancing her to the Crown hid some miscarriages from the King which gave occasion to the multitude to commit several insolencies and the King not punishing them whilst he could had not afterwards the power to do it when he would Some would have it that the Queen had given her Husband a Potion the more to secure his love to her and to divert him wholly from the care of the Government 6. The tumultuous Cryes of the People not prevailing The Clergy joins in the Rebellion with the Laity the Clergy took upon them to espouse their Quarel and had recourse to Pope Gregory IX who thundered out Ecclesiastical Censures against the King on account of his being Married to Queen Mencia who was his Kinswoman within the prohibited degree The King making no account of the Spiritual Weapons the People mutinied being headed by Raymund Viegas Portocarreo a Man of quality The Rebels seize the Queen and breaking into the Palace at Coimbra took away the Queen and put her into the Castle of Ourem This exasperated the King to that height that gathering what force he could he endeavoured to recover her but all in vain for the Rebels conveyed her into Castile The King betrayed by all his Ministers Now it plainly appeared that King Sancho was rather Unfortunate than unfit to Govern for even the Ambassadors he employed abroad betrayed him He sent John Egas Archbishop of Braga and Peter and Tiburicus Bishops of Porto and Coimbra to Rome and they forgetting they were sent by their Prince became Sollicitors for the Rebels who held correspondence there Hereupon a Council was held at Lions in France assembled by Pope Innocent IV. and King Sancho having sent thither his Ambassadors Ruy Gomez de Briteiros Gomez Viegas Peter Alonso a Franciscan and Dominick de Braga a Dominican they joyned with the mutinous Prelates Alonso Brother to King Sancho made Vicar of the Kingdom by the Rebels and thereupon Count Alonso Brother to King Sancho then Married in France to Maud Countess of Bolen was at Paris Sworn Vicar of the Kingdom and as such confirmed by the Pope yet so that King Sancho should still retain the Title and Preheminence of King and his Sons if he had any should inherit This new Substitute brought more harm than good to the Kingdom for his followers treated him as a King and he assumed that respect which did not belong to him
promised the next Day to hear them when they were Calmer at the Church of S. Dominick By Day the Multitude was in the broad Place before that Church but the King fearing the popular Fury was already gone away to Santarem When the People understood it they vented their Malice in Reproaches and this made the Queen stir up the King to Revenge The Taylor was apprehended and many of his Followers some whereof had their Hands others their Feet cut off many more fled now too late understanding that Subjects ought to have no other Redress against the Miscarrages of their Sovereigns than by their Prayers to God In the mean while the King traversed the Kingdom with his beloved Consort till being come to the pleasant Monastery of Leça Two Leagues from Porto he then declared what he denied at Lisbon to wit That he was Married to the Lady Ellenor and assigned her a greater Joynture than any Queen before her ever had 8. All the Nobility kissing the Queen's Hand only Prince Denis Son to the late King by the Lady Agnes de Castro refused it for which the King offered to Stab him but was prevented and the Prince fled to Coimbra Tho many of the Multitude were punished the clamours of the People against the King's Marriage ceased not nor were they continued without reason for that Marriage was in reality unlawful she being the true Wife of John Lorenço Ferdinand at last remembring he was contracted to the Princess of Castile sent to inform her Father That tho he could not perform that Article he would fulfil all the rest That Prince did not seem at all to be concerned but Embassadors were sent on both sides to Ratifie the Peace The New Queen gains Friends by her Generosity The New Queen having gained a Crown by her Beauty sought now to gain the Affections of the Nobility by her Bounty and she attained her end in a great Measure for many who before railed having tasted of her Favours began to extol her Generosity Besides the more to bend them to her she married all her Relations among the Nobility 9. King Ferdinand still pursuing his inconstant Humour King Ferdinand joyns in League with John of Ghent against Castile began again to break with Castile taking some Ships of that Crown in the River of Lisbon and entering into a Confederacy with John Duke of Lancaster Third Son to Edward the Third King of England and married to Constance the Eldest Daughter of King Peter of Castile in whose right he stiled himself King It was agreed they should joyntly make War upon the Kings of Castile and Aragon That they should bear an equal part in the expence of the War and that King Ferdinand should have all he could take in Castile excepting Towns and Castles That each should have what he could gain in Aragon King Henry sent an Embassador to Protugal to protest against these proceedings but to no effect Hereupon Henry marched with his Army towards Lisbon his Admiral Misser Ambrosio Bocanegra at the same time entring the River Tagus with 12 Galleys About the middle of September he set forward from Zamora Henry of Castile invades Portugal and by the way took Almeyda Pinnel Linnares Cerolico and Viseo where Prince Denis offended at King Ferdinand offered his Service to him They marched to Coimbra from whence Ferdinand was newly gone to Santarem and here Henry quartered in the Suburbs Our King being less forward to Fight than he had been to give the Occasion 1373. Henry marched without observing much order He Quarters in the Suburbs of Lisbon towards Lisbon about the end of February The King and those that were with him could from the Walls of Santarem discover the Enemy marching towards Lisbon yet had not the Courage to attack them Lisbon being surprized Henry entred at S. Antony's Gate and took up his Quarters in the Monastery of S. Francis the People retired to the stronger parts of the Town Our Fleet had been sent to hinder the Castilian Squadron from entring the Port but our Ships were taken by them and only 4 of our Galleys escaped saving themselves in the Creeks The People of Lisbon understanding there was a design to betray the City dragged one of the Conspirators about the Streets and then cut him in pieces another was exposed to the sails of a Mill which cast him into the River The Franciscan Friars where the King quartered thought to have expelled him thence but their design being discovered he put them into Boats without Sails or Oars and exposed them to the mercy of the Sea yet they got a Shoar The Castilians possessed the Skirts of the Town and many Skirmished dayly hapned In the mean while the Earl of Gijon King Henry's Son took Cascaes at the Mouth of Tagus whilst several Parties wasted the Country Most of the City Burnt The Lisbonians not able to expel the Enemy out of the Suburbs fired the Houses and they in requital set Fire to the Rua-nova or New Street and so the greatest part of the City was Burnt The Country betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho was no less infested by the Forces of Galicia which routed a Portuguese Body that came to oppose them 10. Such was the posture of Affairs Peace concluded when in the Month of March Guido of Bononia a Cardinal was sent by the Pope to compose these Differences and towards the latter end of that Month the Peace was concluded upon these Conditions That both the Kings should joyn with him of France against the King of England and Duke of Lancaster That the Portuguese should furnish a Fleet for Three Years to be maintained by the Castilians That the English should not be supplied with Ammunition from Portugal That the Portuguese should expel the Castilians that followed him That a general Pardon should be granted on both sides That the Princess Beatrix Sister to King Ferdinand should be married to Sancho Lord of Albuquerque Brother to King Henry The Two Kings meet in friendly manner The two Kings met upon the Banks of the River Tagus and parted in Friendly manner In pursuance of the Treaty of Peace Count Sancho married the Lady Beatrix and the Wedding was kept with great Solemnity A Match was also agreed betwixt Elizabeth Bastard-Daughter to our King and Alonso Earl of Gijon Bastard-Son to King Henry Thus ended the War to the Satisfaction of both Kings but with the Desolation of their Kingdoms CHAP. XII The remaining Part of the Life and Reign of Ferdinand the First of the Name and Ninth King of Portugal from the Year 1373. till 1383. 1. KIng Ferdinand had not yet forgot the Treasure detained from him by the King of Aragon 1374. in return of his Mutability Ferdinand enters into a League with the King of Castile against the King of Aragon He thereupon meditated Revenge but it was hard to compass It happened the King of Castile fell at Variance
Constance Daughter to King Peter from whom Henry the Bastard had usurped that Kingdom The Duke having this Right to the Crown of Castile set Sail from Plymouth with a numerous Fleet and arrived at Coruna in Galicia on the 25th of July where he landed 2000 Horse and 3000 Archers besides some other Forces and several Persons of Note The Duke was Sixty Years of Age without any grey hairs was tall and well shaped affable modest in Discourse of an excellent Deportment and in all respects answerable to his Royal Extraction With him came his Wife Constance and his two Daughters Philippa by his first Wife and Katherine by the second Scarce was he landed at Coruna when that Place owned him for its Lawful Sovereign as did the City Santiago and the greatest part of this Kingdom of Galicia Our King was at Lamego when the Duke landed in Spain The New King John and Duke of Lancaster meet Thence he removed to Porto and having agreed to meet the Duke at Ponte-Mauro set forward with a numerous Retinue They met upon the First of November in a Plain near Melgazo There it was agreed That if the Duke succeeded he should give the Towns of Ledesma Montilla Melgazo Plazenzia Grimal Canaveral Caceres Mendao Fuente del Maestre Zafra Torres de-Medina Fegenal and other Places with their Territories to the King of Portugal as Dower with his Daughter Philippa The Pope's Dispensation being come whereby the King was loosed from his Vow of Chastity made as Master of the Military Order of Avis and the Princess Philippa being conducted to him they were solemnly married upon Candlemas-Day Immediately the Queen's Household was settled and a plentiful Revenue assigned her 1387. which afterwards some other Queens of Portugal enjoyed 8. The King having spent Two Months with his Queen at Porto went with her to see her Father at Bragança and thence sent her back to Coimbra Many of the English were dead of Diseases With the King were 3000 Lances 2000 Cross-Bow Men and 5000 Foot They entred the Dominions of Castile and took Castro Calvo Mâ—â—tila Râ—sales Valderas and Villalobos Tho' Galicia had received the Duke as lawful King yet no Place in Castile admitted him but by Constraint Hereupon the King told him That to make an absolute Conquest it was requisite he should return to England for greater Forces The Duke approved of his Advice and they returned to Cuidad Rodrigo By the way they defeated a Party of the Enemies consisting of 500 Horse and some Foot Another Skirmish happened near the City upon the Passage of a Brook with the same Success The Duke being now in Portugal Embassadors came to him from the King of Castile Prince Henry of Castile marries the Daughter of the Duke of Lancaster Peace is concluded offering that Prince Henry Heir to the Crown should marry Katherine the Duke's Daughter that so all Pretensions to the Kingdom might cease The Duke assented and Articles being agreed upon and performed the War betwixt him and Castile ended He being with the King at Coimbra a Castilian was there burnt for contriving to Poyson him Soon after he returned to England 9. The King having held the Cortes or Parliament at Braga 1388. set out to recover some Places which still held for Castile Melgazo having held out to the last was then delivered up the Defendants having only leave to depart without Arms. It was remarkable at this Siege that Two Women A combat betwixt two Women one of the Town and the other of the Camp challenged each other and fought the latter was Victorious Hence the King marched to Lisbon and in September to the Province of Alentejo where about the middle of October after a stout Defence the Town and Castle of Campo-Major were taken by force At the beginning of the following Year 1389. the King being at Lisbon one of the Queens Ladies called Beatrix was found to have admitted Ferdinand Alonso one of the King's Bed-Chamber and his Favourite to her Bed Hereupon he was apprehended and having made his Escape from the Officer took Sanctuary in the Church Thence the King himself went to drag him and tho' he urged he was married caused him to be burnt The Lady went away to Castile to her Mother Embassadors came to the King being then in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho proposing a Truce for some Months and so Commissioners were appointed to treat with him and in the mean while the King to lose no time Besieged and took the City Tuy in Galicia 139â— At length a Cessation was concluded for Three Years A Cessation of Arms betwixt Spain and Portugal for three Years and some Places restored on both sides but more to the Portuguese Nevertheless the King of Castile ceased not to make mighty preparations for War but his Designs were prevented by Death which happened to him by a fall from his Horse After the expiration of the Three Years the Nobles of Castile 1393. and the Governours to King Henry Son to the late King John by his First Wife the Lady Ellenor advised him to desist from his Pretensions to Portugal since he was not Born of Queen Beatrix on whom that Title was grounded Embassadors were sent to this Effect to Portugal where a Peace was concluded for Fifteen Years all Prisoners on both sides to be released and all Dammages done during the late Cessation to be made good and then Hostages for performance were given on both sides 10. But these Articles were not faithfully performed on the Part of Castile The Truce not duly observed neither as to restitution of Dammages nor releasement of Prisoners wherefore the Portuguese resolved to do himself Justice by taking some Towns and accordingly surprized Badajoz and Albuquerque Embassadors sent from Castile promised performance of Articles upon Restitution of those Places and it was only done to amuse the King for at the same time Vessels were fitting out in Biscay against Portugal and two Portuguese Ships laden with Warlike Stores were taken off of Cape S. Vincent At the same time the Castilians made Incursions wasting all the open Country But the Constable defeated a Party of 400 of them that was returning home with a rich Booty Campo-Mayor was soon after taken by the King Having thus secured themselves against their Enemy the King and Constable gave themselves some Repose The latter distributed most of what the King had bestowed on him for his Services on such Gentlemen as had always adhered to him On the contrary the King now established on the Throne took back to himself much of what he had bestowed on many great Men for their good Service in the War As the Constable had received most this fell heaviest upon him and therefore he resolved to depart the Kingdom but the King returning part of what he had taken from him with difficulty perswaded him to stay The taking of Badajoz and Albuquerque before mentioned
the Air representing Men Fires and Battles The Holy Man F. Bartholomew of the Martyrs Archbishop of Braga was beatified his Body is in the Town of Viana Margaret de Chaves now flourished in Sanctity and made a miraculous end CHAP. VI. The Reign of Philip the Fourth of Spain and Third of Portugal and the Twentieth King from the Year of our Lord 1605 till 1628. 1. KIng Philip the Third of Spain Birth of Philip the Fourth of Spain and Third of Portugal and Second of Portugal being at Valladolid with his Wife Queen Margaret their Son Philip the Fourth of Spain and Third of Portugal was born upon Good-Friday which fell then upon the 8th day of April in the Year 1605. His Birth was celebrated with the greatest Demonstrations of Joy and most of Expence 1625. that had ever till then been seen His Father dying he retired to the Royal Monastery of S. Hierome 1621. whence a few days after he returned to take Possession of his Crowns left him by his Ancestors his Magnificent Entry dispelling the Clouds of Sorrow that hung over the Heads of the Subjects and filling their Hearts with Joy He entred upon the Government giving ample Testimonies of a more pregnant Judgment than could have been expected at those tender Years His Accession to the Crown for he reformed the Councils established wholsom Laws punished evil Ministers and ordered that all those who were in Office should give in true Estimates of what they were worth that it might afterwards appear how their Estates were advanced in his Service K. Charles the First of England then Prince of Wales in Spain On the 16th of May Charles Prince of Wales afterwards King of England came incognito by the Post to Madrid and went to Lodge at the English Embassador's House and by him made known the design of his coming The Catholick King made a Publick Entry with him from the Escurial with that Solemnity that is only used at the Reception of the Spanish Kings giving him the Right Hand under the Canopy and attended by all his Court every Man thâ—â— day vying to out do the rest in Splendor and in testifying his Joy Afterwards several Sports were made to Entertain the Prince the King himself at the Riding used with Canes instead of Spears signalized his Dexterity The Match betwixt the Prince and Princess Mary being proposed learned Men were consulted and agreed upon the Conclusion but not the Formalities It was hoped it would have succeeded but Providence had ordered otherwise 2. The Arms of Spain were at this time employed in several Parts The Dutch in Brasil in all which many Portuguese served with singular Reputation The Rebel Hollanders having Intelligence of the evil Posture of Affairs in Brasil resolved to attempt the Conquest of that Country and to that effect moved several of the Northern Princes grown envious of the Power of Spain to assist them in the Enterprize They fitted out a Fleet in Holland and Zealand it consisting of 35 Sail under the Command of Admiral John Vandort and carryed 3000 chosen Men a good Train of Artillery with all other Necessaries The Design was kept very private In December the Fleet set Sail and having passed the Line in 6 Degrees of South Latitude according to the Orders given the Admiral opened his Instructions and found he was commanded to invade Baya de Todos Santos or the Bay of All-Saints This Bay is thought to be the greatest in the World and is the sort to the City S. Salvador seated on a rising Ground along that Mountainous Shoar extending out in length from North to South It has a Cathedral Church and had once a Court of Chancery which has been taken away with good cause for the greatest Injustice that can be in a State is to be pestered with too many Officers of Justice This City is the Metropolis of all that vast Province of Brasil in America and on the East side of that Continent stretching forth 1200 Leagues along the Coast being a Delightful Rich and Pleasant Soil 3. The Fleet entred this Bay and began to batter the Suburb next the Sea The Dutch Land and take the Capital City of all Brasil called Baia. where was begun a Fort in the Water in which Antony de Mendoza Son to the Governour James de Mendoza commanded but was forced to abandon it because in no condition then to withstand the fury of the Enemy's Cannon In the mean while 1000 Musqueteers landed and advanced towards the City without any Opposition They halted in the Suburb of S. Benedict Night came on and all the Inhabitants fled out of the City which the Enemy took Possession of in the Morning The Governour staid 〈◊〉 his House and was thence carried away aboard the Admiral All the People had forsaken their Houses leaving an inestimable Booty to the Rebels who polluted the Churches and committed all manner of Sacrilegious Outrages D. Mark Teyxeira the Bishop with his Clergy had offered to withstand the Enemy but none adhering to him he retired to a Village Mathias de Albuquerque who was next in Command to the Governour then a Prisoner was 100 Leagues off at Pernambuco He sent an Account of what had happened into Portugal where the Advice arrived in July The King writ to the Governours of Portugal a Letter with his own Hand in which he expressed how much he valued the Portuguese Loyalty and what returns he expected from them upon such an Exigency A Fleet sent against the Dutch The Portuguese to answer their King's Expectation speedily resorted from all Parts of the Kingdom to Lisbon and in the space of three Months fitted out a Fleet of 26 Sail in which was most of the Gentry of the Kingdom all at their own Cost without putting the King to any charge D. Emanuel de Moura Corte Real Marquess of Castel Rodrigo gave the Example to others raising a sightly Company of Musquetiers which he sent upon this Expedition at his own Expence This stirred up others to do the like for among the Portuguese Emulation is more prevalent than Vertue D. Alonso de Noronha tho' old that had been Governour of India listed himself and many Gentlemen of Quality followed his Example I shall not name them because among the Portuguese every one had rather his Name should be omitted than that his Neighbours should be inserted with him 4. The Portuguese not being a sufficient Power to recover Brasil a Spanish Fleet was at the same time fitting out but not so soon ready for the former stay'd a Month for the other in the Port of Lisbon and sailing thence in November expected it at the Island of Santiago the chief of those of Cabo Verde till February which delay proved not a little advantageous to the Enemy The Portuguese Squadron consisted of 26 Ships 1625. and in them 4000 Men in the Spanish were more Ships and 8000 Men the former commanded by D. Emanuel
de Meneses the latter by D. Frederick de Toledo Ossorio Marquess of Valdueza Whilst these Squadrons now united make their Voyage let us see what was doing at Baia. The Hollanders possess'd of the City Other Actions of the Dutch after taking Baia. took several Vessels which knowing nothing of what had happened fell ignorantly into that Port. They sent five Ships laden with Booty to their Country with the News of their Success and with the Governour and Provincial of the Jesuits that had been taken Prisoners After the taking of the City D. Mark Teixeira the Bishop took upon him the Command of General for the Defence of the Country and drew near to the Place with 1500 Men the third part of them Blacks Several Encounters happened betwixt his Men and the Enemies in which he lost 7 or 8 Men and the Rebels above 300. In one of these Skirmishes Capt. Francis de Padillâ— killed Col. John Dort and cut off his Finger on which he wore a Ring the Soldiers stripping his Body cut off his Privities to shew them to his Men. These Barbarities were a greater shame to them that acted than to him that suffered them Two runagate Portuguese repenting and deserting back from the Enemy were received by our Men upon the points of their Swords and cut in pieces The Port of Tapagipe was recovered from the Rebels and the Commander of it sent Prisoner to Lisbon The Bishop fell sick and died and Francis Nunez Marinho succeeded him in the Command who behaved himself will till D. Francis de Moura was sent thither by the King with some Supplies till the Fleet could come He pent up the Enemy within the Town recovering from them the Suburbs of the Carmelites and S. Benedict but the City was strong and in the Port were 26 Ships well manned Their whole Force consisted of 3000 Men of several Nations and 500 Blacks 5. The Spanish and Portuguese Fleet arrived at Baia upon Good-Friday 1626. to the great Terror of the Rebels 4000 Men landed immediately The Spanish and Portuguese Fleets arrive at Brasil The General D. Emanuel de Meneses and the Admiral D. John Faxardo remained aboard drawing up their Fleet like a Half Moon to hinder the flight of the Enemy Peter Roiz de San Estevan Marquess of Cropani marched with the 4000 Men to the City D. Frederick de Toledo the Spanish General following him They took their Posts and began to carry on their Works when about 300 of the besieged sallying killed 50 of our Men most of them Persons of Note yet they were forced to retire The Cannon being planted the Bullets flew so thick that in a few days all was full of Ruins and the besieged began to be dismay'd The same Fate attended their Fleet for D. Emanuel de Meneses landing from a Battery he raised on the Shoar sunk several of their â—hips destroying many Men. The Enemy's only hope was in the Succours they expected but they came only to be Spectators of their shameful quitting the Town Their Soldiers began to complain they had been decoyed thither and were weary of the Service their Commander in Chief proclaimed that all such as would go over to the Portuguese Camp should have leave but two that declared for it were hanged This silenced them for a while but soon after they proposed the surrendring the City and the Governour opposing them was not only affronted but wounded To prevent their deserting him he designed to burn the Fleet but before he could put it in execution they surrender'd Articling only for their Lives Baia recavered In the Town was found an extraordinary Rich Booty which the Spanish Soldiers made the most of The Merchandize found there was valued at above Three Millions in Money 300000 Ducats 2000 Quintals of Powder each Quintal is an Hundred Weight an infinite quantity of Ball 230 Pieces of Cannon 3000 Musquets 800 Corslets the same number of Saddles 600 Blacks 6000 Bushels of Meal 50000 Hides and 2000 Pipes of Wine The two Squadrons returning home suffered by Storms some perished the rest arrived in their Ports 6. King Philip most generously rewarded the Portuguese King Philip Rewards the Portuguese who so signalized their Zeal upon this occasion for his Council Advising that he should grant to the Sons of those that were killed in his Service all that they possessed belonging to the Crown he not only consented to it but afterwards without being asked he added more with his own Hand That forasmuch as he was desirous such Subjects might live he not only allowed that Favour to those that were killed but to all that went in the Fleet. This same Year a Fleet of above 100 Sail of English assaulted the Island of Cadiz Cadiz assaulted by the English whither many Portuguese Gentlemen after providing for the Security of their own Coasts resorted to express their Zeal for the King's Service After some time the Enemy was repulsed with loss and retired leaving many of their Men dead behind them Before this Invasion of the English the Famous Bell of Villilla in the Kingdom of Aragon is said to have rung out of it self Two great Losses to Portugal Portugal sustained two inestimable Losses the one before the Passages we have spoke of happened the other after The first was the taking the City Ormuz by the Persians with the assistance of the English The other the Destruction of its Fleet which being set out to Convoy the Ships from India was wrecked on the Coast of France where all the Ships and most of the Men among whom were many of Note perished Since the loss of King Sebastian in Africk this Kingdom had not so great a Misfortune 7. Here our Author The Conclusion Emanuel de Faria puts an end to his History He composed the whole at Madrid and being there at the time of the Revolution durst not proceed any further because as a Portuguese he would not write any thing that should derogate from the Honour of his Country and as being in the hands of the Spaniards it was dangerous to say any thing that might be offensive to them He only adds an Account of the Children King Philip had till that time and some short Remarks upon the Publick Affairs of the World which make nothing to this History Let us therefore put an end to this Part of the History and proceed to the Supplement wherein will be found all that was worth our Knowledge from the Time where he leaves off to our Days The End of Emanuel de Faria y Sousa his History of PORTUGAL The Supplement to Emanuel de Faria e Sousa his History of Portugal from the Year 1640 where he left off till this present time collected from the best Authors that have written thereof and from Authentick Information of Eye-Witnesses Anno 1640. 1. THE Spaniards had now been near 60 Years possessed of the Kingdom of Portugal 1640. Philip the Second of Spain
support it but the Marquess and others persisting in the Resolution of hazarding a Battle their Authority prevailed The Spanish Army consisted of 7000 Foot and 2600 Horse in 34 Troops under the command of the Baron de Molinguen who was now to command the whole Army because the Marquess was to stay at Badajoz These Forces met the Enemy sooner than they expected 2. On the 26 of May 1644 The Spanish Forces defeated Albuquerque the Portuguese General finding himself reduc'd to that necessity that he must either fight or fly chose rather to hazard a Battle than forfeit his Reputation He performed the Office of a Major General ordering his Battle himself The command of the Right Wing he gave to the Monteiro Mor and the Left to the Commissary General who had under him the Dutch Horse commanded by Captain Piper The two Armies ingaged and the Spaniards gave such a furious Charge on the Portuguese Left Wing where the Commissiary commanded that the Dutch Horse fled and running upon their own Foot so disorder'd that part of the Army that the Spaniards drove them from their Ground their General being in danger to be bruised to Death his Horse falling upon him but a French Captain saved him giving him another Horse that ran lose and sustaining the shot of the Enemy till he mounted Being delivered from that Danger he had recourse to the Body of reserve which advancing to the Place which the Spanish Horse had left to pursue the Dutch and others that fled made such Havock among the Foot before Victorious that they were forced to fly The Horse returning from the pursuit and seeing the Foot broke could never be brought to a Charge but betook themselves to their Heels quitting their Cannon and Baggage Of the Spaniards about 2000 Foot and 700 Horse were killed and taken with about 40 Colours and Standards Of the Portuguese 750 were slain and among them two Collonels The Portugueses continued a Day in the field of Battle least the Spaniards should return and vaunt they had kept it King John rejoycing at this Victory which secured his Crown created the General Earl of Alegrette giving him a Pension of 4000 Crowns and rewarded many other of the Principal Men in the Army The Marquess of Torrecusa laboured to gather all the Forces of Estremadura being grieved he was not present at the Battle as believing it lost for want of Conduct and it troubled him the more because he was the adviser of it 3. Whilst these things hapned in Estremadura several Incursions were made on all the Frontiers of the Kingdom but in them was nothing Memorable for the Portugueses were most upon the Defensive and the Spaniards only kept the War afoot till the affairs of Catalonia might be settled that then they might turn their whole Force to this side A sham Conspiracy About this same time D. George de Mascarenhas Count de Monte Albano who was of the Council of State and had other great Employments was impeached of Conspiring with others against the King for which he was committed to the Castle of Belem and the rest to other Prisons Upon Examination the Accusation was found malicious and groundless whereupon he and all the others on the second of November were honorably discharged and restored to their Estates and Honours At this time also dyed the Arch-bishop of Braga one of the managers of the first Conspiracy against the King Dying he made it his request to the King that he would pardon his Treachery and grant that his Body might be Buryed without some Parish Church without any inscription upon it to the end no Memory might survive of one that hath been Traytor to his King 4. The Portuguese Governors on the Coasts of America at length concluded a Truce with the Count de Nassan The Affairs of America who governed at Pernambuco for the Hollanders Yet so far were they from observing the Articles of it that they rais'd a new Fort at Segeripe took several of our Ships and committed many Barbarities against the Portugueses that according to composition remained under them at Pernambuco These things moved John Fernandez Veigra and Francis Berenguer to lay the design this Year of expelling them that Province the success of their Enterprize belongs to another place In Africk Tangier had till this time held for the Spaniards but now the Garrison secured their Governor sent him Prisoner to Lisbon The Dutch contrary to Faith given take several places in India and declared for King John The Moors thought to have surprized that City and gave a desperate Assault but were repulsed with great Loss The Dutch in India notwithstanding their repeated Orders from the States to cease from all Hostilities still found pretences to carry on the War and landing a great number of Men in Ceylon took the Fort of Negumbo having first overthrown the Portugueses that were to defend it they presuming though much inferiour in Number and contrary to their Orders to meet the Enemy in open Field who pursuing them after the defeat entred the Fort in that Heat putting above 300 of our men to the Sword The City Macao in China was near falling again into the Hands of the Spaniards many of the Inhabitants favouring their interest and raising a dangerous Tumult to promote the same but by the Courage of Sebastian Lobo the Governour who fired from the Castle upon the City together with the Interposition of the Jesuits it was again reduced to Obedience Gonzalo Sequeyra was sent Ambassador by the King to the Emperor of Japan but through the Instigation of the Hollanders was not received Anno 1645. 1. THis Year the King having regard to the good Service done by the Earl of Castello-Melhor Actions in the Province of Alentejo in the Province betwixt Duero and Minho appointed him General of Alentejo In April he took possession of that Command and at the same time received intelligence that the Marquess de Leganez was come to Badajoz to command the Spanish Army Soon after the Counts Arrival at Badajoz 500 Spanish Horse made an Incursion into the Territory of Campo Mayor whence they retired with great Booty In their retreat the two Captains Emanuel de Gama Lobo and D. Charles Jordano charged them with 300 Portuguese Horse recovered the Prey and took from them 80 Horses The Count de Castello Melhor presently after attempted to drive the Country about Badajoz and to that purpose marched with 800 Horse and 1500 Foot but returned without doing any thing more than driving the Enemies advanced Parties to the Walls of Badajoz In return the Spaniards with a Body of 700 Horse fell into the Country of Barbacena and Sancta Olaya which is two Leagues from Elvas and Campo Mayor the Horse of both which Places to the Number of 500 joyning charged them in their Retreat recovered all the Booty and took 60 of their Horses The Count de Castelmelhor having thoroughly examined the strength
Orleans which the Cardinal seemed to approve of yet it took no effect no more than the League at that time However King John sent three Men of War to joyn the French Fleet. At Rome F. Nunho da Cunha presented a long memorial to the Pope pressing him to Confirm the Bishops Elected by the King because of the great want of Prelates there was in all the Portuguese Dominions but without any success for three Popes successively absolutely persisted in the denial Francis de Souja Coutinho who was Ambassador in Holland after having interposed all the delays that could be admitted to hinder the States sending a Fleet to Pernambuco finding they had now 30 Sail ready to put to Sea boldly made use of certain blanks he had of the King 's to assure them that Parnambuco should be restored which done he immediately gave the King an Account thereof desiring he would order him to be secured and if it were necessary to take off his Head to satisfie the States rather than the fraud should be imputed to His Majesty By this wile the Fleet was kept back from June till December when it was put out three times and was still beat back by unseasonable weather to the great advantage of the Portugueses in Pernambuco The King on the other hand always pretended he had ordered his Subjects in that Province to lay down their Arms that they maintained the War in Contempt of his Commands and that the succours they had from Bahia were all by stealth Several proposals were made for buying those places the Dutch possessed there but they all came to nothing 5. We left Sigismund Vanscop Prosecution of the War in Brazil the Dutch Commander at Pernambuco preparing his Fleet to attempt the Conquest of Bahia All things being in readiness he set sail from the Coast of Pernambuco called Arrecifâ— about the end of January steering his course for the River of St. Francis the better to conceal his Design upon Bahia There he took in what necessaries he wanted and being joyned by Anderson's Squadron sent thither before put to Sea again and soon appeared before Bahia Fearing to attempt the City â—e Anchored at the Island Taparica opposite to it and three Leagues distant where he speedily erected a Forâ— and four redoubts on as many Hills that Command it then stretched out his Fleet so that all the Shoar lay exposed to his Cannon Antony Tellez the Governour of Bahia fortified the passage from the Island to the City but adventuring contrary to the advice of the Council of War to Attack the Hollanders in their strength was repulsed with great loss This done he immediately sent advice to the King of the Condition he was in who ordered him speedy relief Twelve Ships were fitted out under the Command of Antony Tellez de Menezes Count de Villa-Pouca with Orders that after relieving Bahia five of them should be delivered to Salvador Correa de Sá and Benavides appointed Governour of the Province of Rio de Janeyro and Captain-General for the Kingdom of Angola His instructions were to endeavour the recovery of that Kingdom basely usurped by the Dutch after they had overthrown Peter Cesar de Meneses under colour of friendship as was said before The Fleet set sail and the Dutch at Pernambuco having intelligence of it and fearing it was designed against them earnestly pressed Sigismund Vanscope to quit Bahia and come to their assistance for they were much pressed by the Besiegers The Portuguese Governours at Pernambuco perceiving that the Dutch about Rio Grande improved that Countrey which was a great relief to the Besieged sent Major Antony Dias Cardoso with 300 Men who destroyed all he found there driving away 200 Prisoners and a vast number of Cattle After this Andrew Vidal marched with 800 Men to Ceará Merim on the North of Rio Grande and wasted all that Territory killing 70 Hollanders and bringing away many Prisoners and as much Cattle as supplied the want of Provisions there was before in the Camp Whilst these 800 Men were abroad the Besieged made several Sallies but without any success and John Fâ—rnandez Vieyra to curb them ordered that several Parties should continually keep the Enemy in alarm Then the more to streighten them he raised a Fort opposite to one the Dutch had built to cover the City Mauricia which he managed with such dexterity keeping them always upon their guard that though it was begun about the beginning of October they never perceived the work till the 6th of November when our Artillery began to play upon the City the Shoar and the bar for all those places were within reach We also Attacked and carried the Palace of Count Nasau guarded by two Companies which having Plundered our Men returned without any loss At this time Sigismund Vanscop returned with his Fleet having abandoned his Fort at the Island Taparica before the Arrival of our Fleet. The Count de Villapouca Arrived at Bahia eight days after the Enemy had abandoned the Fort but eight of their Ships again appeared upon the Coast Some Ships went out to receive them and after a long dispute two Portugueses and as many Dutch were burnt and sunk The Count took possession of the Government of Bahia and Antony Tellez de Silva the former Governour remained there about his private Affairs but with ill success as will hereafter appear The five Ships designed for Angola went away in December to joyn Salvador Correa at Rio de Janeyro what they did we shall see in its place 6. D. Gaston Continho How things stood in Africk and India Governour of Tangier never ceased to infest the Moors and overthrew some parties of theirs that came to ravage the Territories of Tangier This Year the Fleet of Spain consisting of 47 Ships and several small Vessels and Commanded by D. John of Austria appeared before that City as if it were designed to Land Men but after some Hours Canonading on both sides put to Sea again D. John Luis de Vasconcellos who Commanded at Marzagam sent Presents to the Alcayde of Azamor and the King of Morocco to purchase their friendship yet the Alcayde with 300 Horse made an Incursion to the Walls of Marzagam and though D. John fought with him from nine in the Morning till three in the Afternoon he was forced to retire being overpowered by the number of the Infidels In India the King of Marava commonly called Yeveré trusting to the strength of the Island Ramanancor revolted from the Nayque of Madure to whom he was tributary The Nayque asked the assistance of the Portugueses for conveying his Forces into the Island They sent a Fleet to his aid and by their means the Rebel was reduced and they received the Reward promised for their assistance Four Ships sailed this Year from Lisbon to India two whereof perished in the Latitude of Mozambique Anno 1648. 1. THE Count de St. Lorenzo The Spaniards Besiege Olivenza without success govern'd Alentejo and with
great industry disposed all things for the defence of that Province D. James Mexia Marquess of Leganes came the second time to Badajoz to Command the Spanish Forces His coming was the cause that all the Portuguese preparations were redoubled new Forces raised and the Frontiers fortified Whilst the main Bodies were gathering on both sides the Marquess de Leganes sent 600 Horse by the way of Albuquerque to plunder the Countrey as far as Marvao The Count St. Lorenzo having timely notice of it sent Achim de Tamericourt the Commissary-General with 400 Horse and Orders to fight wheresoever he should meet him Tamericourt executed his Orders with so much bravery that meeting the Enemy near Portalegre he soon routed them took 200 Prisoners and recovered all the prey This disaster provoked the Marquess de Leganez to hasten putting in execution his Design upon Olivenza which place the Ingenier Cosmander who before we said was won by the Spaniards had ingaged to put into the Catholick King 's hands without much difficulty On the 20th of June he appeared at break of day before Olivenza with 8000 Foot and 3000 Horse Cosmander who had the directing of the Attack divided these Troops into four parts ordering them to give the Assault in as many places reserving to himself a barrier of the covered way where the Soldiers used to come out to work The Spaniards advanced with resolution and mounted two Bulwarks before the Centinels gave the Alarm The Soldiers of the next Guards and some of the Inhabitants hasting to the places where the danger was maintained the Fight till the rest of the Garrison came to their relief D. John de Menezes the Governour at the first Alarm ran half Naked with his Sword in his hand into the Street and with his example so encouraged the Soldiers that they drove the Enemy forcing many to cast themselves down headlong from the Bullwarks Yet the danger was not over for in other places the Spaniards had turned some Cannon of the other Bullwarks upon the City and many fell on both sides D. John though he had received three wounds ceased not to act as well as give out Orders The danger lasted till it was clear day when Cosmander thinking to force the barrier of the covered way was shot dead from the Wall His death put an end to the dispute for though the Marquess de Leganez dismounted his Horse to carry on the Assault those that were drove out so discouraged the others that were to come on that the Marquess was forced to sound a retreat and immediately returned to Badajoz After this in several small rencounters the Portugueses were successful against the Spaniards took a considerable Convoy from them near Albuquerque and the Count de St. Lozenco made an Incursion as far as Talavera whence he returned with a great Booty passing in sight of Badajoz in hopes the Marquess de Leganez might be drawn out but he stirred not Some difference arising betwixt the Count and John Mendes de Vasconcellos who had governed that Province before the King sent the latter Prisoner to the Old-Tower where he remained till the time we shall speak of him hereafter In all the other parts of the Kingdom there was no Action of any consideration this Year 2. On the 26th of April was Born the King's third Son Prince Peter now King and was Baptized by the Bishop of Elvas Birth of King John's Son Peter now Reigning Negociations in France and Rome with all Solemnity and publick Demonstration of Joy The Marquess de Niza who was Ambassador in France ceased not to sollicite the conclusion of a League betwixt the two Crowns but all his endeavours proved successless whereupon in February of the following Year he left Paris and returned home F. Nunho da Cunha was still at Rome solliciting the Affairs of Portugal Two Capucins came to Rome with the Title of Ambassadors from the King of Congo to give his Obedience to the Pope and obtain of him Bishops and Missioners for propagating of the Faith The Pope gave them publick Audience and appointed an Arch-Bishop two Bishops and 3◠Missioners Spaniards and Italians giving them a Summ of Money and ordering them to imbark in 〈◊〉 port of Spain F. Nunho da Cunha opposed the sending of these Bishops and Missioners because that the Kingdom of Congo appertained to the Conquest of Portugal and Dr. Emanuel Alvarez Corrillo was sent from Lisbon by the King to second him as well in that as solliciting the Expediting of Bulls for the Bishops of Portugal but all they could effect was only to stop the Voyage of the Bishops and Missioners of Congo 3. Whilst these things happened in Europe Success of the Portugueses against the Dutch in Brazil the Dutch continued blocked up on the Coast of Pernambuco In January the Portuguese Governors of that Province received Intelligence that the Fleet under the Count de Villa Pouca was arrived at Bahia but that no Succour was to be expected from thence They were no ways dismayed at this News but resolved to proceed more vigorously than before Accordingly they sent Henry Dias with his own Regiment and some Companies of D. Antony Philip Camarao to Rio Grande He march'd with such Secresie and Expedition that the Enemy knew nothing of it till they felt the effects of his Arrival for he Burnt and destroyed all before him Such as could escape retired to Gurairas a fortifyed place in a Lake but he attacked and carryed that also by Night putting all within to the Sword without sparing Sex or Age. Thence he marched to Cunhau which was also fortified yet was deliver'd up those within only compounding for their Lives The King at last considering of how great Consequence it was to expell the Dutch out of America sent Francis Barreto de Menezes with two small Vessels and 300 Men to command there as Camp-Master General By the way he met a Dutch Squadron by whom he was taken and carryed Prisoner to Arrecife where he was kept in Custody 9 Months and at last made his Escape with one Francis Bra Son to the Officer that had him in keeping Being come into the Portuguese Quarters he joyned with John Fernandez Vieyra and Andrew Vidal being positively set down to endure the utmost Extremities rather then forsake the Enterprize they had in hand They sent Captain Paul de Cunha to sollicit some Succours from the Count de Villa Pouca at Bahia but he returned without any at such time as a Fleet was arrived from Holland which consisted of 44 Sail with 9000 Land-Men aboard it besides Sea-Men when it came out but some had perished in a Storm Upon the Arrival of this great Power the Portugueses gather'd all their Forces quitting the most distant and least advantagious Posts and yet after all they could make up but 2200 Men fit for Service Sigismund Vanscop who commanded the Dutch proclaimed a Pardon to all Slaves or Portugueses that should come over to
amity with the Indian Kings Anno 1650. 1. THE Province of Alentejo still continued under the Government of the Count de St. Lorenzo Whilst he made the necessary preparations to oppose the Enemy The Princes Rupert and Maurice fly to Lisbon from the English and are protected It hapned that the Princes Rupert and Maurice Sons to the Count Palatin put into Lisbon flying before the Fleet of the English which Anchored before the Bar. King John generously resolving to protect the two Princes ordered the Count de St. Lorenzo to send to Lisbon three Regiments of Foot and 200 Horse The want of these Troops in the Province was supplied by the Militia The Spaniards understanding that the Frontier Garrisons were weakned sent all their Horse to lie in wait for the Garrison of Olivenza who by Night without being discovered posted themselves in the Olive-Gardens about the place John Homem Cardâ—so going out in the Morning with his Troop to discover on a sudden perceived his retreat was cut off However he was no way dismayed but closing his Ranks and joyning Captain William Lanier a French-Man who supported him he resolutely forced his way through the Enemies Squadrons and recovered the Town without any considerable loss The Spaniards returned to Badajoz Some days after the Count de St. Lorenzo sent Tamericourt with 800 Horse to attempt somewhat against the Garrison of that City Giles Vaz Lobo who led the Van with 50 Horse Attacked the discoverers that came from the Town and pursued them to the Gates taking 20 of them which done they drew off and the next day Tamericourt routed two Troops between Badajoz and Albuquerque Winter drawing on the Count de St. Lorenzo procured leave to return to Court and the Camp-Master-General D. John de Costa governed the Province in his absence He received intelligence that the Spaniards assembled their Troops and threatned the Territory of Castello de Vide and Portalegre Andrew de Albuquerque General of Horse was sent to oppose them who laying himself close in ambush at Melrisso sent out 40 Horse to Charge the advanced Parties of the Spaniards which they did and retired to their Body But the Spaniards suspecting the Design would not pursue them and the Portugues Troops rising out of their ambush the Enemy thought not fit to encounter them but retired leaving their prey which was restored to the Countrey people Of the Spaniards in the pursuit 124 were taken and among them a Captain of Horse and some sutlers Not content with this D. John de Costa marched with 2000 Foot and 1800 Horse sending Tamericourt before with 600 Horse to plunder the Towns of Arroyo and Malpartida ordering him to make his Retreat so leasurely that the Enemy might assemble their Forces He executed it according to his Orders and was pursued by a great Body of Horse and Foot and under the Command of D. Alvaro de Viveros General of the Spanish Horse who perceiving Tamericourt was supported by D. John de Costa with so strong a Party retired without doing any thing D. John de Costa pursued him for some space but to no effect and Winter being now advanced he had not the opportunity of undertaking any considerable Enterprize 2. The Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho Small incursions made by the Spaniards afforded not any matter for History That of Tras os Montes governed by the Count de Atouguia had not any considerable Action Only the Count de St. Estevan who Commanded the Spaniards on those Frontiers gathered his Forces as if he designed some considerable Enterprize but understanding the Count de Atouguia was in a good posture to receive him he contented himself with burning two small Towns and dismissed his Troops to their several Garrisons After this a Party of the Enemy consisting of 1000 Men made an incursion from Monterey and ravaged a part of the neighbouring Countrey driving away a considerable booty The Count de Atouguia upon the first notice hereof marched out with a small number and meeting a Party of the Spaniards easily put them to the root the rest retired with precipitation to Monterey D. Roderick de Castro and D. Sancho Manuel betwixt whom the Government of the Province of Beira was divided as we have seen before were both this Year employed in raising Forces the former for Alentejo to make up for those that had been sent thence to Lisbon to oppose the English and the latter to secure the Conquests in India Both of them had some reincounters with the Spaniards who broke into their Territories and they also made some incursions upon the Enemy for the most part with success But all these Actions being performed by small Parties and much alike to what have been already related to particularize them all would swell to a Volume and will only serve to tire the Reader wherefore I have thought fit to pass by most of them The last expedition of D. Sancho this Year was the taking and burning the Town of Huelga abandoned by the Inhabitants who secured themselves in a Tower Hence he returned home with a considerable booty which he had gathered in the neighbouring Countrey without meeting the least opposition 3. This Year proved unfortunate at Sea Antony Tellez de Menezes Count de Villapouca having resigned the Government of Brazil to the Count de Castello Melhor set sail for Lisbon with the Men of War that had carried the latter Peter Jaques de Magalhaens Admiral of the West-India Company Fleet set out at the same time with 18 Men of War and 80 Merchant-men Having made the length of the Tercera Islands such a Storm arose that four of the King's Ships were cast away and in them Antony Tellez de Sylva with most of the Men. The Count de Villapouca and Peter Jaques with the Ships under his Command arrived safe in Lisbon and brought a considerable return for the great expences the Company had been at The Princes Rupert and Maurice as was said at the beginning of this Year having put into the River of Lisbon and Blake Admiral of the English in pursuit of them coming to an Anchor at Cascaes it was debated in Council The Princes Rupert and Maurice with a Portuguese Squadron put to Sea and return without fighting whether the Princes should be protected and after hearing all that could be said on bothsides the King generously resolved on the Affirmative Blake resolving to Attack them in the Port the King fitted out 13 Men of War under the Command of Antony de Siqueira Varajao an old Soldier The two Princes joyning this Squadron they put to Sea to meet the Enemy having Orders to Fight betwixt the two Capes but the Enemy upon their approach standing to Sea they returned into the Port without engaging Antony de Siqueira wanted not Enemies to blame him for not Fighting and the King hearkning to them gave his Command to George de Melo who had the Title of General of the Galleys
maintained upon Grass alone so that it was difficult to make Excursions which added much to the great scarcity of Provisions D. Francis de Noronha Governor of Mazagam sent an Ambassy and Presents to the King of Morocco which was by him honourably received and generously returned D. Francis continued in this Command till the Year 1654 during which time nothing remarkable happened there so that we shall not have occasion to make any mention of him This was the last Year of D. Philip Mascarenhas his Vice-Royship in India and in it there was little remarkable only the Chendarraos a vagabond sort of People in the Country of Hidalcan possessed themselves of the Mount or Promontory of Chaul whence they were drove by the Vice-Roy's Order by D. Alvaro de Atayde This Year two Galeons and a Pink sailed from Portugal to India and the Galeon S. Philip built there arrived at Lisbon Anno 1652. 1. THE Prince who as was said returned to Lisbon the latter end of the last Year The Prince made Captain General of all the Forces in Portugal used all possible means to perswade his Father to send him again to the Frontiers but the King jealous of him could not be worked upon At length to conceal his own Jealousie and disappoint that Design of his Son he appointed him Captain General of all the Forces in the Kingdom thaâ— having the Charge of all he might not apply himself to command in any one Province D. John de Costa neveâ— ceased to harrass the Enemies Frontiers bringing iâ— thence considerable Booty In revenge the Spaniardâ— drove a great Prey from the Territory of Telena and though Lieutenant General Tamericourt marched after them with the Troops of Olivenza they being far beforâ— him got safe into Barcarota Before that place was 〈◊〉 large Field encompassed with a Ditch and lying undeâ— the Cannon and small shot of the Town which the Spaâ—niards believed would secure their Prey However Tamaricourt coming to Barcarota dismounted part of hâ—â— Horse and breaking into the Field before day droâ— away all the Cattel without receiving any considerablâ— Loss The Spaniards sallyed out upon him but suddeâ—â—ly retired and he marching off with the Booty restâ—â—red it to the Country People Neither was he less suâ—â—cessful a few days after when engaging the Troops of Badajoz he took the Spanish Lieutenant General of Horse D. Francis Hibarra with other Officers and 120 Horses The Prince being now Generalissimo sent his Orders to all the Provinces of the Kingdom absolutely forbidding any Incursions to be made for the future into the Spanish Frontiers D. John de Costa upon receipt of this Order replyed to it shewing how disadvantagious it was to the Kingdom by reason of the great Benefit reaped by those inroads for he in the space of two Years had destroyed above 1400 of the Spanish Horse having scarce lost 100 of his own Besides he looked upon this as so great a check to his Authority that he desired leave to lay down his Command The Prince being well satisfyed of D. John's Zeal and Fidelity recalled his Order and the King gave him the Title of Earl of Soure He to appear worthy of this Honour endeavoured to make amends by his Conduct for what he wanted in Strength To this purpose he secretly gathered 1500 Horse from the Neighbouring Garrisons which Lieutenant General Tamericour and Commissary General Duquesne divided betwixt them With these Troops they passed the River Guadiana and lay close in the Wood near Badajoz In the Morning a Squadron of Horse issuing out of the Town according to Custom they were drove back by some of our Troops Fresh Troops seconded the Enemy from the City and they kept in play till D. Alvaro de Viveros took the Field with all the Horse of that place and having drawn them up advanced further then was thought convenient for the safety of the Town Duquesne who was nearest thinking it now time moved towards him with more Courage than Order The Spanish General halted and bravely stood the Charge in which Duquesne received three Wounds and Captain Sancho Dias was kill'd with several Soldiers the rest of the Troops missing their Commander retired with Precipitation Tamericour perceiving this Disorder charged furiously with his formost Troops which being too open in their Ranks made but little Impression but those in the Rear coming up behaved themselves with such Bravery that after a long Dispute they broke the Enemy The Troops of Duquesne and part of those with Tamericour being wholly blinded by the Dust fled to Olivenza believing the rest were cut off Tamericour rallyed the rest marched off with above 200 Horses he had taken from the Prisoners among whom was a Captain of Horse and other Officers The Count de Soure being a strict observer of Discipline commended those that had behaved themselves well and severely checked those that had fled giving the King also a particular Account of the Merits of the former and Demerits of the latter 2. The Viscount de Villa Nova Governor of the Province betwixt Duero and Minho still continued in perfect Tranquility nothing happening in his Command but that Captain Labar a valiant French-Man disorderly with a party of Horse charging another of the Enemy was himself killed and most of his Men wounded The Province Tras os Montes governed by the Count de Antouguia by consent of both Parties was for several Months free from Action Some small Incursions were afterwards made on both sides but none of Note The King having now chose the Count de Penaguiao his Lord Chamberlain to go Ambassador into England appointed the Count de Atouguia to execute his Office and John Mendez de Vasconcellos was sent in his place to govern the Province The most remarkable Action performed this Year by D. Roderick de Castro in his Division of the Province of Beyra was the burning of the Town of Martiago Some Actions in Beira which contained 300 Houses the other Enterprizes were too small to merit any place here D. Sancho Manuel who commanded in the other part of Beyra understanding that a Troop of the Enemies was quartered at Lobeyros and had twice repulsed parties of the Portuguese Militia that ravaged the Country thereabouts ordered the Cornet Dominick Homen with 40 chosen Men to lye in wait for them He sent before some of the Militia to drive the Cattel the Spanish Troop backed by a company of Foot immediately rushed out upon them but the Ensign who was at hand furiously falling in upon the Foot broke them and with the same Success routed the Horse killing many and taking several Prisoners This Success was soon ballanced by a greater disaster for D. Sancho being informed that the Spaniards gathered a great Power in order to break into his Province and not being in a condition to oppose them he thought to divert them by making at the same time an inroad into their Frontiers hoping he might retire to places of safety
before they could intercept him With this Design he gathered 350 Foot and 200 Horse and marching to Segura sent before Captain Gaspar de Tavora with 140 Horse to drive the Cattle about Sacravim which done he had orders ro retire to Collonel John Fialho who should expect him with 60 Horse and the rest of the Foot at a place called Salto near the River Lagao Gaspar de Tavora executed his Orders with such expedition that by Noon he had joyned John Fiallo But the Spaniards having notice of D. Sancho's March no sooner entred Portugal then they turned back and marching towards their Town of Carza by which the Portugueses must of necessity pass appeared before John Fialho when least he expected it with 600 Horse and as many Foot He covering his Horse with the Foot retired in good order for above a League till coming to a Pass the Enemy drew up before him Necessity now obliging him to charge them he fell with such Bravery upon the 600 Foot that he absolutely broke them but in the mean while the 600 Spanish Horse charging his 200 now divided from their Foot after some short dispute overpowered and totally routed them The Enemy pursued their Advantage and John Fialho rallying his Foot recovered an advantagious Post to defend himself The Enemy ceased their pursuit in care for their Foot which had been overthrown and return'd to compleat their Victory by destroying John Fialho and his party He had as was said gained an advantagious post but having spent all his Ammunition was made Prisoner with all the Officers of Horse and Foot 140 Horse escaped the rest with all the Foot were either killed or taken After this Disaster D. Sancho Manuel retired to Idanha Nova and garrisoned the Frontiers with the Militia writing to the Prince for supplies which were soon sent him Being recruited and joyning his Forces with those of D. Roderick de Castro he resolved to revenge the late Affront by surpising the City Coria They marched with 1500 Foot and 700 Horse some Petards and other necessaries for such an Enterprize but the distance being great they could not come before the City till after day However having divided their Foot they attacked the Suburbs in two places which they entered plunder'd and burnt which done seeing no possibility of forcing the City they retired and each returned to his Province 3. The troubles of France increasing rendred all Foreign Negotiations so uncertain at that Court that Francis de Sousa Coutinho having obtained leave of the King came to Portugal leaving D. Felicianus Dourado Secretary of the Embassy to Reside there during his absence At this time there was held at Paris a Synod of Bishops Endeavours used for obtaining Bishops but in vain to whose Consideration King John recommended the finding of some expedient for prevailing with the Pope to precognize the Bishops of Portugal They used their utmost endeavours but the Spanish Interest still prevailing nothing could be done at this time Antony de Sousa de Macedo having obtained leave of the King to quit the Embassy of Holland D. Antony Rapozo Succeeded him in that employ He made it his business to heighten the misunderstanding betwixt the English and Dutch because the latter having sustained great losses by the War they were engaged in with the former were thereby disabled from sending succours to Pernambuco The King at the same time considering how advantageous the Friendship of England might prove to his Affairs resolved to send an Ambassador thither and pitched upon the Count de Penaguiao for that employ as we have said before 4. Francis Barreto Francis Barreto his further Actions in Brazil the General of Pernambuco continued the Siege of Arrecife with considerable resolution hoping at length to reduce the Besieged whose only hope consisted in the succours they expected from Holland The first part of the Year passed without any memorable Action In May Francis Barreto ordered Major Antony Diaz Cardozo with 400 Men to lie close in ambush and send out parties to endeavour to draw the Garrisons of the Forts Barreta and Affogados into the snare The Major posset himself of the post assigned him without being discovered and sending out certain small Parties drew out the Enemy as he had designed but the number of the Hollanders being greater than had been expected the Fight continued doubtful for above an hour at length the Dutch were routed and fled to their Forts leaving the Field covered with dead Bodies After this Barreto being informed that the Enemy had laid up great store of Brazil-Wood and other Commodities at Rio Grande in order to be transported into Holland he sent thither the Collonel Andrew Vidal with 300 Men who burnt their wood wasted all the Countrey and returned with a great booty and many Prisoners The Dutch had in those Seas 50 sail of Ships from 20 to 30 Guns but so ill Manned and Equipped for want of supplies from Holland that tho' they met the Portuguese Brazil-Fleet and fought it yet after a short dispute they were forced to retire without any Prize and the Fleet arrived safe at Lisbon on the 26th of October 5. We left the Baron de Alvito The Spaniards try the Governour of Tangier without success Governour of Tangier labouring under great scarcity of Provisions the last Year He had not as yet received any relief from Lisbon which being known at Ceuta D. John Soares who Commanded there for the Spaniards hoping their wants might reduce that Garrison to revolt from their King sent two Brigantines and a Bark thither ordering the Commander of the Bark to enter the Port and convey the Letters he had writ for that purpose to the Baron and other Men of note This being put in execution the Baron read the Letters which were to perswade him to submit himself to the King of Spain with promise of great Rewards or else to offer him safe passage to Lisbon The Baron whose Loyalty was not shaken having in vain endeavoured to draw those in the Bark a-shoar caused another to be fitted out in which went several resolute Gentlemen with Fire-Arms and Orders to Attack the Enemies Bark when they should approach to receive the Letter they expected The Barks coming together they fired killed three of the Spaniards and carried the rest Prisoners to the City This Action so exasperated the Spaniards that they sent three Ships to interrupt any relief that might be designed for Tangier but the Baron ordering the Vessels that came from Lisbon to be detained in Algarve till further advice from him the Enemy quitted their station and gave way to five Caravels with Provisions to relieve that City The Baron being informed that certain Captive Moors in the Town had by intelligence with those abroad agreed to let themselves down the Wall of the old Town near which the others were to lie hid in order to receive them he ordered three Soldiers habited like Moors to be let down and when
put into it Hence Francis Barreto marched to the Fort Altanar which after some short resistance was delivered upon the same conditions as the other Before the taking of this Fort the Dutch had abandoned 3 others and now quitted 3 more with the same precipitation Barreto designing next to attack the Fort of Sinco Pontas was informed that the Enemy had secured a Post he thought to have lodged his Men upon whereupon he sent Collonel Andrew Vidal with 1000 Men to dislodge them which he did and Fortifyed himself in the same Place Next Morning the Canon was conveyed thither and the Trenches were opened against the Fort Sinco Pontas The Dutch perceiving the danger to approach made overtures for a Surrender which were easily admitted and after some days Spent in adjusting all differences they finally agreed upon the following Articles That the Dutch should remain possest of all their moveables That they should have some of their own Ships with Iron Guns to Transport them to Holland That such as would might stay there and be Treated in point of Religion as they were in Portugal That all the Out-Forts be put into the hands of the Portugueses with their Artillery and Ammunition That a Garrison be immediately received into Arrecife and the City Mauricea where the Dutch might continue 3 Months but without any Sort of Armes That all Ships coming from Holland for Four months to come have the Liberty of all those Ports That the Dutch give hostages to secure the Surrender of all other places they possest belonging to Portugal on that Coast That the Indians Mulattos and Blacks who served be pardoned These were the principall Articles signed on both sides the 26th of January Next day the Portugueses took possession of all the Posts where they found 121 brass Guns 170 of Iron Ammunition and provision for a Year and great quantity of Stores The same Night that Arrecife was delivered a Dutch Lieutenant Collonel fled over to the Island Itamaraca and perswading the People there that the Portugueses spared neither Sex nor Age they Shipt themselves and goods on board two Frigats and Sailing to Paraiba spread the same Terror there obliging Collonel Autin who Commanded against his will to Embark on a Ship that arrived there from India and leaving the Fort in possession of 50 Portugueses who were prisoners there All other places in Brazil were recovered with the same ease to the great honour of Francis Barreto after the Dutch had Tyrannically possest themselves of them for the Space of 30 years reckoning from their first coming thither which was in the Year 1624. The recovery of Pernambuco hapned 8 days after D. Hirome de Ataide Count de Altouguia had taken possession of the Government of Brazil at Bahia being successor to the Count de Castello Melhor Collonel Andrew Vidal was sent to carry this good News to the King who rewarded him and all the cheif Officers according to their Merit 4. Our Affairs in India were not so successful as in America The War in India unsuccessfull to Portugal D. Bras de Castro continued in the Government no Vice-Roy being yet come to call him to account for his Usurpation Francis de Mello who commanded in Ceilon sent out Antony Mendez Aranha with 400 Portugueses and some Chingalas to endeavour to fight the Dutch but they avoided coming to blows as much as could be knowing that want of Provisions would in time ruine us He marched and in the way to Calature found an Entrenchment guarded by some Blacks whom he defeated Then advancing to Diagao a place where he must pass the River he found it Guarded by two Companies of Dutch and a Number of Chingalas upon whom he kept Firing for the Space of 10 days and having provided boats to waft his Men over the Dutch quitted the Post and he possessed himself of it He continued 30 days about Calature hoping to draw out the Dutch and then finding his Design succeeded not marched through the Country of Alicaao then subject to the Enemy destroying all that stood in his way Here he received orders to march up the Country in order to furnish Columbo with provisions whereof there was great scarcity and when he had Spent 20 days without finding any so that his Men were consumed with Labour and want 700 Dutch with a great Number of Chingalas lay in the way he was to pass at Tebuna to intercept him Antony Mendez drew up his Men under cover and keeping a continual fire upon the Enemy who were on a rising ground drove them thence After this Action he received advice from Columbo that Five Galeons were arrived there with relief from Goa yet they left the City in no better condition then they found it for having in an Engagement near Gale lost their two Commadores the other Captains fell at odds about the cheif command and putting to Sea met 11 Dutch men of War by whom they were all destroyed The Dutch now wanting men in other places abandoned Calature which Antony Mendez possessed himself of as also of the Port Alicao three Leagues from Gale His good Services being mis-represented by his Enemies he was call'd away and his Command given to Gaspar de Araujo Pereyra who being soon found incapable of it Antony Mendes was again restored The Dutch repenting they had quitted Araujo and Calature had battered the former the space of 15 days and passed the River to attack it the same day that Antony Mendez arrived there He seeing no possibility of maintaining it resolved to march off his Men to Columbo but the Enemy having wholly cut off his Retreat he was forced to engage them having chose an advantagious Post which his Men maintained with incredible Bravery till a chance Bullet flying into the Enemies Powder blew up all their Ammunition killing above 50 of them whereupon the rest fled leaving 200 of their Companions dead upon the spot this was the end of this Years Actions there Three Ships sailed from Lisbon for India one whereof was cast away upon the Bar of Goa Anno 1655. 1. THE War in all parts of Portugal Very small matter this Year of martial Exploits was this Year carryed on with so little Vigour that it is scarce worth the mentioning but that something must be said to carry on the Series of the History The Provinces of Alentejo and Entre Duero and Minho afford us no matter at all John Mendez de Vasconcellos who governed that of Tros os Montes and the foregoing Years had continued in perfect Peace had now received Orders from the King as had all the other Governors to infest the Enemies Frontiers with Incursions which he put in Execution The Spaniards in revenge drove all the Cattle about Miranda but Antony Jaques de Payva who commanded in that Town sent out a party which defeating the Enemy recovered all the Prey and brought away all the Cattle of the Spaniards that grazed about Samil This done Antony Jaques with
the Dutch broke into the City where they found no less opposition than without most of them that entred being either killed or wounded At length they were repulsed in all parts with the loss of near 1000 men This discouraged not the Dutch who still carryed on their works with great diligence raising new batteries and lodging themselves upon the edge of the ditch Then they fell to mining which the besieged understanding they countermined and drove them out of all their subterraneous works These losses made the Enemy alter their resolutions and change the Siege into a blockade whereupon the Governour turned out 300 persons that were not fit for Service whereof about 200 escaped into the Mountains The Dutch having received considerable supplies carry on their works anew and again fall to battering of the place incessantly Embassadors from the King of Candia were conducted through the Enemies Camp into the City where they demanded it should be put into the hands of their Master All the answer they received was by thrusting them out of the gates Though they shewed this resolution the City began to be infected with the stench of the dead who were not well buried and Famine raged so violently that it was proved that Mothers had eaten their own Children Gerard Huld the Dutch Generall being killed by a shot in the Head the Governor of Galé who succeeded him in that Command fearing least another General might come and rob him of the Honour of taking the Place carryed on his Works and plyed his Batteries so briskly that several large Breaches were made On the 7th of May 1656. he assaults St. John's Bulwark and carrying it with the same heat enters a new Fort that was raising thence the Dutch venture to break into the Town whence after a long dispute they were beat out and the Besieged following their Advantage recovered the Fort and Bulwark yet fresh Enemies coming on the Dutch again made themselves masters of the latter and lodged themselves therein That Night the Governor of the Town being informed that two Women had eaten their own Children caused them to be shot to pieces at the mouth of great Guns Next Day seeing it impossible to maintain the Place he call'd a Council where it was resolved to surrender After some Debates the Articles were agreed upon which were honourable to the Besieged and in pursuance to them the Governor marched out with only 94 Officers and Soldiers and 100 Towns-men The Hollanders committed all manner of Sacriledge in the Town and without regard to their Articles plunder'd those few Towns-men and Soldiers that were left alive But from so infamous a Nation nothing but Villany can be expected The Count de Sarzedas Vice-Roy of India dying as was said before upon opening the Patents of Succession it appeared that Emanuel Mascarenhas Homem was to fill his Place Four Ships and one Caravel sailed this Year from Lisbon to India Anno 1656. 1. THE King's Distempers which had long molested him No military Exploits of moment this Year daily increased yet he omitted not to apply himself to the Cares of the Government The War was still carryed on with so little Vigour on both sides that nothing occurs this Year but some few Incursions more like Robberies than military Exploits and the consequence of them inconsiderable Skirmishes whereof so many have been already related in the foregoing Years that to say more of them will only serve to nauseate and tire the Reader This quiet was general throughout all the Provinces of the Kingdom and enabled them the better to bear the Storm that ensued after the King's Death for the Spaniards then altering their measures the following Years were full of Action considerable Armies appeared in the Field Bloody Battles were fought and the Portugueses in the end obtained glorious Victories 2. Francis de Sousa Coutinho Negotiations abroad continued still Ambassador at the French Court and maintained the good Correspondence that has always been betwixt that Crown and Portugal The King being desirous before his Death to have his Ambassador admitted by the Pope ordered Francis de Sousa to go in that quality to Rome He obeyed and though assisted by all the interest of France and appearing with as great a Train as any other Ambassador could never obtain to be admitted as such by his Holiness Antony Raposo who resided with the same Character in Holland having received a Letter from the Arch-Duke Leopold iâ—â—â—ting him to discover the Secrets of his Master upon proâ—â—â—e of great Reward sent the Letter to the King The Dutch with the goods News of their Success in Ceylon began to forget their loss at Pernambuco and consequently appeared more favourable to Antony Raposo Francis Ferreyra Rebello who resided in England after the Ratification of the Peace had no Business of moment The Count de Atouguia governed Brazil much beloved and esteemed by the Inhabitants for his Generosity and good Conduct 3. At the beginning of this Year D. Ferdinand de Menezes The Count de Ericeyra succeeds D. Roderick de Castro in the Government of Tangier Count de Ericeyra was sent Governor of Tangier With him went 11 Caravels with recruits of Men and Horses Cloaths and Provisions for the Garrison D. Roderick de Castro having put him into possession of the Government departed and arrived again at Lisbon with the 11 Caravels that carryed the new Governor As soon as the Count had viewed the Garrison he marched out against the Moors and having drawn them within the reach of his Entrenchments where he had placed his Foot with some pieces of Canon made a considerable slaughter among them In May the English Fleet under the command of Montague and Blake appeared before Tangier and asked leave to water which was granred them but they going ashore disorderly some of them were killed by the Moors The Fleet being gone the Count set out his Horse to burn the Corn the Moors had sowed about Tangier which was effectually performed but the Moors pressing hard upon those who had fired it recovered the Cattle they were driving to Tangier Alexander de Sousa governed Mazagao but that place affords nothing but the usual skirmishes with the Moors What happened in India was related the last Year and this furnishes nothing new only two Ships sailed thither this Year 4. The King growing daily more and more infirm The King 's last Sickness and Death and still continuing his Custom of Hunting once a Week went out accordingly on the 25th of October but feeling a great pain in his Side returned home before Noon Some days were spent by the Physicians in applying all sorts of Medicines they thought proper but his Distemper still increasing he at length made his Will and received the Viaticum with great Resignation Those few days he lived after this Preparation were spent in Devotions for the most part and the rest in giving advice to the Queen the Princes his Counsellors Generals and
be master of so weak a place before the Portuguese General could gather a sufficient Force to attempt the relief of it However the Trenches were opened against the Town and Batteries raised but the first that gained a post were the Italians who with much bravery stormed and took the Monastery of the Carmelites whence planting their Cannon they made a great havock in the Town The Spaniards ashamed to be outdone by the Italians carryed on their Works with great diligence and having with much slaughter repulsed the Besieged who sallyed upon them made themselves master of the Church of St. Dominick which overlooking the Town they planted their Cannon upon it to the great Damage of the Besieged D. John seeing the miserable condition of the Place sent another Summons offering honourable Conditions if they surrendred in time which all the Officers of the Garrisons seeing no possibility of holding the Place or likelyhood of Relief thought it time to accept of but Lewis de Sousa Elect Bishop of Porto and Administrator of the Church of Ebora a Man fitter for the Army than the Church crossed their design raising Factions among the People and Garrison and by this means obstructed the surrender that and the following day The Clergy and Laiety Women and Children flocked to the Works and endeavoured to make up the Breaches but all in Vain for more was already ruined than could be retrieved and the continual Fire of the Enemies Cannon rendred all their efforts unsuccessful This Fury being spent and the People coming to themselves at length they capitulated and delivered up the City upon such Conditions as could be obtained which were not very Honourable On the 9th day after it waâ— invested Ebora delivered to D. John the City was surrendred There marched out 2000 Foot and 300 Horse of the Garrison who according to Articles were to be conducted into Castile and there to remain Prisoners of War during the Summer 4. The News of the Siege of Ebora being brought to Lisbon The Portuguese General Count de Villaflor ordered to relieve Ebora caused mighty commotions and tumults in that City whereupon the Young King by the advice of his Counsel sent orders to the Count de Villaflor to releive Evora at any rate and at the same time commanded the Count de Castaneda with what Troops he had and could raise to suppress all Seditions in Lisbon The Count de Villaflor received his orders the very day that Evora was Surrendred of which as yet he had no notice and therefore having called a Council of War the advice of the Count Sabugal was followed which was not to hazard a battle at any disadvantage but to cut off the Enemies Provisions In order hereto the Army being now 12000 Foot and 4000 Horse and having received intelligence of the Surrender of Evora marched and incamped at Laondil where they had plenty of Provisions and streightned the Enemy In the mean while the News of the Surrender of Evora being brought to bon A mutiny at Lisbon for the loss of Ebora the multitude ran headlong into all Sorts of Licentiousness and not only the vulgar rabble appeared in the sedition but great Numbers of the more substantial sort joyned with them The First effort of their fury fell upon the Arch-Bishops Pallace which they plundered burning and carrying away all that was in it the Arch-Bishop himself having before made his escape to Court Thence they turned their rage against the Count of Castaneda whose house they ransacked as they had done the Arch-Bishops he himself being also fled and after him they exercised the same barbarity towards the principal Magistrates and other great Men of the City Whilst this passed in the City the King consulted with the Arch-Bishop the Count de Castaneda and other great Men about the means of quelling this Sedition The Count advised to fall upon the raging Multitude with such Forces as were in the Town whereof the greatest part were Forreigners and therefore would be faithful in the performance of their duty But the Arch-Bishop's opinion prevailed which was to let the fury of the multitude pass over and then of themselves they would Return to their Duty The Rabble having raged all about the Towâ— came at last to the Kings Pallace where many being weary and coming to themselves began to slink away and at last the King Looking out of the Window and telling them that his Army now besieged those who had before layed Siege to Evora they all retired with confusion to their houses blaming one another for what they had all done No Notice was for the present taken of what had hapned but some time after several of the Ring-leaders were punished under other pretences 5. During these Transactions D. John marches out of Ebora to give the Portugueses battle D. John of Austria repaired the Fortifications of Evora and finding Provisions began to grow short having left a small garrison in the City marched out to give the Portugueses battle tho' contrary to the advise of the Duke of St. German who was utterly against hazarding a battle till the Forces they dayly expected from Castile were arrived and for the subsistance of the Army advised the turning out of the inhabitants upon whose stores the Souldiers might live many days The Portugues Army lay within half a League of Evora having a small River before it Thither D. John marched thinking either the Portugueseâ— would give him battle upon equal Terms or else that he should remove them from their advantagious Posts by 17 pieces of Canon which he planted upon an Eminence But the Count de Villaflor resolving not to quit his Advantage and the Canon which was ill planted doing as much Execution among his own as among the Enemies men D. John drew back and encamped without Canon Shot of the River Thus both Armies continued all Night ready for Action At break of Day D. John moved in order of battle to force the passage of the River where a bloudy dispute ensued till after a considerable Loss on both sides the Portugueses standing their ground the Spaniards who fought at great disadvantage were forced to give way and retire into the plain of Ebora D. John discouraged at this repulse put 3000 Foot and 600 Horse under the Command of Francis Gattinara Count of Sartirane into Ebora resolving to march back into Castile without coming to a battle if possible to avoid it by marching over the Mountains His first days march met with no obstruction because the Count de Villaflor was marched before in order to choose an advantageous Post to give battle in where the Horse might be of small use in which the Spaniards were much Superior to him Some there were who advised to march on all Night but D. John thinking that would look too like flying refused that wholesom advice In the Morning he was informed that the Portugues Army was at hand being covered from him by the tops of the
hills It was no time now to think of avoiding a battle and therefore D. John drew up his Army and being possessed of a high hill thought good to remove and make himself master of two others that lay in the way to Estremoz At the same time the Portugueses not knowing any thing of the Enemies design had resolved to possess himself of the same place Hereupon the Count de Villaflor advancing with the Horse fell upon the rear of the Spaniards whose Horse were upon the Plain their Foot having already gained the hill D. James Cavallero facing about with his Horse received the charge and made good his ground so that the Portugueses having spent half the day and gained no advantage began now to faint under the toil and heat which D. John perceiving he speedily possessed himself of the two hills he aimed at drew up his Horse in four bodies upon the Plain placed his baggage in their Rear and planted his Canon upon the hills On the other side the Portugueses seizes the hill which D. John had quitted looking upon it as part of Victory The battle of Ebora to possess the ground the Enemy had designedly abandoned About three hours both Armies continued in these Posts refreshing their wearied men when D. John thinking he had given them the slip began to continue his march but the Count de Villaflor perceiving it resolved not to suffer him to go off without hazarding a battle The signal being given he advances and the Portugues Left wing of Horse first charged the Right of the Spanish who recieved them with such Resolution that the Fight continued a long time doubtful till Emanuel Freire one of the Portugues Generals of Horse wheeling about with some Squadrons he had reserved set upon the Enemies flank and broke through them whereupon the whole wing was soon put to flight as was the reserve coming to their relief and the Left wing which was ordered to relieve the Right by reason of the distance and badness of the way could never be brought to ingage Mean while Count Schomberg who commanded the Portugues Foot resolved to attack the Enemy upon the hill This being an Action rather rash than valiant the English auxiliaries undertook climbing the hill upon their hands and feet and tho' many of them fell yet the greater part gained the top which encouraged three Regiments of Portugues Foot to ascend a farther way about which was much easier This extravagant rashness of the English so terrifyed the Spanish Foot that they immediately without sense of shame betook themselves to flight In a moment their whole infantry was put to the rout notwithstanding D. John alighting from his Horse performed all that man could do to make them rally and face the Enemy But now the victorious Portugues Horse comming in to second their Foot there ensued a terrible slaughter for it was no longer a Fight The Duke of St. German who had been sent before to mark out a Camp hearing the noise of the Canon hasted back and finding the whole Army dispersed and routed with much difficulty perswaded D. John to save himself by flight So both the Generals hasted away to Aronches D. James Mazacan whose squadron had not been broke gathering as many of the Horse as he could made the last effort against the victors but being overpowered he was forced to give way to the stronger side D. John of Austria defeated Of the Spaniards were slain in this Fight about 4000 the wounded were more and above 3000 taken and among them the Marquess del Carpio Eldest Son to D. Lewis de Haro Of the Portugueses above 1000 were killed and many wounded All the Enemies Canon and baggage as also D. John's most splendid Equipage was taken 6. The Prisoners taken in Fight were all sent to Lisbon where the joy of the multitude was as extravagant as their rage had been for the loss of Evora The King therefore finding all was secure at home sent those Trooâ—â—he had kept at Lisbon to bridle the Rabble under the Command of the Count de Castanheda to join the Count de Villaflor The Count de Villaflor recovers Ebora with orders to lay Siege to Evora These two Generals put their orders in Execution and fâ—â—mally besieged that City yet knowing no Enemy could come to it's relief forbore any assaults to spare their Men. The Count de Sartirane who as has been said was made Governour of that City by the Spaniards defended it with much bravery the Space of Eleven days being ignorant what was become of the Spanish Army but being then informed of it's defeat by a Letter from D. John in which he ordered him to provide for the safety of his garrison he then Surrendred the place upon honourable conditions 7. D. John having gathered the remains of his broken Army D. John atttempts Elvas but is represed and received some recruits out of Gallicia sent D. James Cavallero with a good body of Horse and Foot to endeavour to Surprize Elvas but the garrison having taken the Alarm he was repulsed and forced to retire without effecting any thing To add to the misfortunes of the Spaniards their great Magazine of powder which they had layed up at Aronches was accidentally blown up which ruined many of the new works they had made about the Town since they took it and killed above 2000 of the garrison and inhabitants 8. Winter put not an end to Action The Duke of Ossuna builds a Fort not far from Almeida for the Duke of Ossuna who Commanded upon the Spanish Frontiers about Cuidad Rodrigo tho' he could gather but a small Force yet being ambitious of Fame he resolved to 〈◊〉 a Royal-Fort not far from Almeida the Portugues Frontier He marched to the place he had pitched upon with what strength he could make and began the work which was extreamly difficult by reason of the unseasonableness of the weather and the danger from the Enemy to oppose whom he incamped before the work with all his Force to cover the Labourers Peter Jaques de Magallaens who commanded upon those Frontiers was then sick and Alfonso Furtado de Mendoza was substituted in his place D John of Austria who was now returned to Bajadoz from Court where he had been to answer to what was objected against him upon account of his late defeat hearing of this undertaking of the Duke de Ossuna sent him large Supplies under the Command of the Count Bouette with which accession the Duke was now increased to about 7000 Foâ—â— and about 2000 Horse Not above a Canon shot from him lay the Portugues Army consisting of a like Force Mendoza perceiving the Duke was not to be drawn to a battle his only design being to cover his work and it being a rashness to attack him in his Camp thought the only way to draw him thence would be to enter the borders of Castile and put all things to Fire and Sword To this intent
he sent out a party of Horse to Almeida which the Duke perceiving charged and there 〈…〉 a â—ot dispute the Portugueses giving way and drawing on the Enemy till the rest of their Forces came up with them Thus the Fight was protracted till the gross of both Bodies came to Engage and then the Spanish Horse gave ground and had been utterly routed had not the Count de Bouette stood firm with his Troops and given those that fled time to Rally But the Duke perceiving there was no likelihood of standing the shock of the Portugueses sent a Squadron of Horse to fall into their Camp which they understanding drew back to secure their works and the Spaniards design being no other than to discharge themselves of them both parties as it were by consent returned to their Camps The execution on both sides was equal in all about 800 Horse fell but not so many Foot This drawn battle was the last neither side being desirous too far to provoke the other However the Duke finished the Fort he had begun into which he put a strong garrison under the Command of D. Gregorio Tapia Thus ended the Action of this Year with the Year it self Anno 1664. 1. NO sooner the Spring begun to open then the Portuguese Army to repair to their general Rendesvouze at Estremoz Being assembled to the number of 15000 Foot and 4000 Horse under the Command of the Count de Castanheda they marched into the Frontiers of Castile with a Resolution to besiege Valencia de Alcantara a place strong by Nature but not regularly fortifyed In their way they spent some days upon the Banks of the River Caia about the Bridge of Badajoz shewing themselves there as it were to provoke the Enemy to Battle D. John of Austria who was then in that City had a sufficient Body of Horse but neither Foot enough nor any store of Ammunition to encounter the Portuguese having lost all the foregoing Summer However to do what the time would permit he caused all the Frontier Towns to be strongly Garrisoned and his Horse to attend the motions of the Portuguese Army so as to keep them from straying to waste the Country but not to hazard an Engagement The Count de Castanhedâ— besieges Vaâ—lencia de Acantâ—â—â— The Count after a few days marched and invested Valencia This Town is seated upon a cragged and rocky Ground by it runs a rapid Stream and on its North side is a large plain it had no modern Fortification as was said before however some new Works lately cast up added to the Natural Scituation of the place rendred it of a considerable Strength Fabritius Rossa an Italian of known Valour and Conduct was Governour of the Place and had with him a resolute Garrison of Spaniards and Italians The Count de Castanheda perceiving the strength of the Place and resolution of the Garrison resolved formally to besiege it and to that purpose possessing himself of the Monastery of St. Francis which was within Cannon shot of the Wall planted there his first Battery and then raised several others in convenient Places Mean while D. John of Austria being in care for the Town sent D. James Correa with all the Horse either to attempt putting some Succour into the Town if he found an Opportunity or at least by his Presence to encourage the Defendants Correa having marched up to the Portuguese Lines and finding them in a posture to receive him attempted nothing but wheeled off again and marched back till Night over-took him Then having ordered his Troops to halt he sent out Count Bouette with a Party to bring in some Provisions for his wearyed Men. The Count being departed a sudden cloud of Dust which arose being driven by the strength of the Wind so terrified the Spaniards who imagined the whole Portuguese Army was coming upon them that they dispersed and fled about all the Hills casting away their Arms and leaving their Baggage so that all their Commander James Correa could do was not of any effect to bring them again into a Body Count Bouette returning with the Provisions he had gather'd found only the scatter'd Baggage and marks of their flight whereupon he went after and having overtaken them in the Morning they returned together with dishonour to Badajoz But the Count de Castanheda making use of his time and having now made several Breaches in the Walls fit for an assault sent to summons the Governor to surrender in time since all hope of Relief was vanished and the place was in no condition to hold out The Governour to gain time entred upon a Treaty but proposed such high Terms that they were scornfully rejected by the Portugues and immediately the Batteries were renewed with more fierceness than before Then followed a furious Assault which the besieged stood with such undaunte Resolution that after a great slaughter on both sides the Portugueses were compelled to give it over This repulse moved the Count to carry on his Works more deliberately and endeavour to spare the Blood of his Soldiers But it was not long before Ammunition began to grow scarce in the Town which obliged the Governor to hearken to a Capitulation offered him by the Portuguese for fear least they becoming sensible of his want should afterwards impose harder Conditions upon him However though the Proposal was most grateful yet he carryed himself very high and would not seem to comply but upon powerful Arguments and Perswasions At length after much debate it was concluded Valencia taken by the Portuguese General that besides all other Honourable Conditions the Governour should be allowed to send to D. John of Austria for Relief and that if he were not then relieved he should surrender the Town In the mean while all Hostilities were to cease and a Messenger having brought this account to D. John he sent D. James Correa with 3000 Foot and what Horse he had to attempt to succour the Town but he being much inferiour in all respects to the Besiegers thought not fit to expose his small Forces to certain Destruction After the expiration of the four Days the Governour delivered up the Place marching out with his Garrison upon as honoâ—â—â—le Conditions as he could himself demand 2. Whilst D. John of Austria's Credit daily decreased on account of these many losses The Duke of Ossuna assâ—ults Castel Rodrigo and is repulsed the Duke of Ossuna thought it fit to raise his own Reputation In order hereto he marched to Castel Rodrigo a Portuguese Town encompassed with an old but strong Wall and several Out-works yet better secured by the Courage and Experience of its Governour John Ferreira who had there in Garrison a Regiment of tryed Valour This place the Duke hoped to have carryed by Storm but having been several times beaten off with great loss he sate down quietly before it with 7000 Foot sending about his Horse to gather Provisions After a few days lying still as if he had no
to withdraw himself yet the preparations for his Journey were so publick that there was none so blind who could not discover it Nor was this done without cause for the report of his removal being spread abroad and that it was in the nature of a Flight from the Favourite the whole City began in a moment to rise in mutiny several of the Nobility openly fomenting it and declaring that was the day on which according to an antient Propheâ—ie Lisbon mutinies at the instigation of the Nobility the Streets of Lisbon were to run with human Blood Seven Thousand Men are reckoned to have appeared that day in Arms to stop the Infante's Journey and to decide the Controversie betwixt the Count and him This popular Fury being made known to the King and Count they both perceiving themselves too weak to withstand the violence of that Storm resolved instead of that lofty Course they had followed before to stoop to Necessity and try what good Words could work upon the Infante To this purpose the King sent him a Letter full of most loving Expressions desiring him to suppress that Tumult which had been raised on his Account and to come to Court where all things should be disposed to his Satisfaction The Answer to this Letter was in no less obliging Terms only in the Conclusion the Infante again intimated that the King must resolve either to part with the Count or him and must take his choice before things came to Extremity Count Castelmelhor perceiving that neither Threats nor Intreaties prevailed upon the Infante and that the mutiny in the City was grown to such a head it would endanger both the King and himself resolved at last to consent to leave the Court the King promising him that as soon as that Storm were blown over he would take a progress on pretence of visiting the Frontiers and in his return would restore him to the Court The Queen assists the Infante and to his Favour But least his Banishment should seem wholly extorted by the Infante he perswaded the Queen to interest her self in that affair and beg it of the King that he so might rather seem to have condescended to her intreaty than to the necessity imposed upon him by his brother She fearing to disoblige the Infante or thwart his designs would not intermeddle in it till by a messenger sent to him she had his direction how to proceed Nor was she satisfyed with one message but sent again for more particular instructions so great was her concern for him and so little for her husband Being now fully informed of his will she concludes the business with the King and Count who submitted to withdraw himself upon faith given for the safety of his person But before he departed he would have articled that the Infante upon his removal should clear him from the imputation of the design of poisoning him Whether his conscience accused him of any such practice or whether he feared being once cast down his innocence could not protect him against the malice of his Enemies is uncertain Thus the Count being assaulted on all fides by the Infante by the Queen by the Nobility and by the multitude and not able to stand the shock of so many Enemies at length withdrew from the Court The Count withdraws and lodged himself in a Monastery about Seven Leagues from the City But as his expulsion was not the End but rather the means to compass the designs then carryed on so the divisions and distractions at Court instead of ceasing increased for as long as the ambition of the Infante and the King's neglect of the Government lasted only the pretence but not the cause of these troubles was removed Nothing could be more grievous to the King The King in great perplexity than to consider that upon all occasions his brother being backed by the multitude extorted from him whatever he desired which made it plain to him that at last he would not forbear to aim at or fail of wresting from him the Crown His violent nature made him more open when he should have been most circumspect and therefore his thoughts being filled with the hatred his Brother bore him the jealousy he had of his Wife the perfidiousness of the People and the disloyalty of the Nobility he could not forbear inveighing against his Brother in publick and even before the Queen who he knew gave the Infante a particular account of all his words and Actions In this perplexity he caused the extraordinary companies that had been raised by Count Castelmelhor to be filled up for the security of the pallace The Infante resolves to proceed On the other side the Infante flushed with success resolved wholly to root out all that was left of the Favourites party about the King for tho' the Count himself was removed yet his creatures remained at Court and nothing of moment was Transacted without his advice had by messengers betwixt them Before the Infante could put his designs in practice he was advertized by the Queen of all the words the King daily let fall against him The King betrayed by the Queen and perhaps of more than ever had been spoken This intelligence caused him to hasten the Execution of his projects The principal men at that time remaining near the King of Count Castelmelhor's faction were Henry Enriquez de Miranda Emanuel Antunez and Antony de Sousa de Macedo the Secretary of State Of these the chiefest was Miranda whom therefore the Infante resolved first to destroy and to that end sent some privately to warn him to depart the Court before he run himself into greater danger Despair so seized the unfortunate man considering the expulsion of the Count that he attempted to kill himself but being prevented he fled fearing to be torn in pieces by the Rabble Count Castelmelhor having received information hereof instantly advised the King to be circumspect in all his words and Actions for that it was easier by fair means to supplant his Brother than by open Force His advice being approved by the King upon the next occasion that offered he summoned his Brother to appear in Council where some important matter was to be debated but no kind messages or Letters were of any Force to move him to come till the Queen sent for him when he appeared with a great Train of followers and full of dissimulation The King received him not so coldly as before but being no Master of the Art of Counterfeiting could not so well hide his just displeasure as the other However this feigned reconciliation might have produced some good Effects The King makes choice of Antony de Sousa de Macedo in the place of the Count. had it not been decreed by fate that the unhappy King must perish To hasten his ruin it fell out that Alphonso who was not used to that continual burden of business seeking on whom he might lay that weight pitched upon Antony de