North-wales * D. Pow. Hist. of Wales Powys between Wye and Severne the second part belonging to Mathraval Powys Wenwynwyn the third part of Mathraval South-wales the third Kingdome Cardigan the first part of South-wales The towne of Caerdigan Dyvet or Pembroke the second part of South-wales Caermarden-shire the third part of South-wales Glamorgan-shire the fourth part of South-wales Gwent the fifth part of South-wales Brecknock-shire the sixt part of South-wales * An. 35. c. 25. * An. 27. c. 27. Pembroke-shire bounds The Forme The Ayre Giral Cambden The ancient Inhabitants Henry the first planted Netherlanders in this Shire W. Malm. lib. 5. The Commodities Pembroke the chiefe Town S. Davids Edmund Earle of Richmond Castles 1. Kilgarren 2. Newport 3. Marberbury 4. Walwin cast 5. Roch cast 6. The Block-house 7. Haverford 8. Benton 9. Carew cast 10. Red castle 11. Narbarth 12. Pickton 13. Rise cast 14. Castle Bigh 15. Castle Male. 16. Hayes The name of this Shire The Forme The Aire The ancient Inhabitants of this Shire Tacitus in vita Agricolâ— Cambden The commodities The chiefe Town Meâ—lin a phantastiâ—all Wizard Carreg-Castle The Rivers and Market-Towns How this Shire took his name The Forme of it and measure The Aire Tave the chief River Caerdif the chiefe Towne of all South-Wales Beauclark Curthose The graduation of Caâ—dif Landaffe Giraldus Things of strange note Clemens Alex. Stromat â—â— 7. A strange Well â—olybius Minyd-Maâ—â—â—â— The number of Castles in this Shire Religious Houses The division of this Shire The name of Monmouth-shire The borders of Monmouth-shire The Forme The Ayre The Soyle The ancient Inhabitants In the life of Tathie In Itinerar Cambr. Giral Monmouth Towre King Henry the fifth borne in Monmouth Religious houses suppressed Castles Market-towns The Shires division Girald Cambr. The bounds of Breknock-shire The length and breadth Girald in lib. â—iuer Camb. The nature of the Soile The ancient Inhabitants Tacitus in vita Agricola Arthurs Chaire Llynsauathans Meere Girald Cambr. The Market Townes Breknock The divisions The bounds of Radnor-shire The forme The Circuit The Ayre The Soyle The ancient people Tacitus in vita Agricola Polychron Anno 1282. Radnor In the Book of Notices Cambden Prestayn Knighton In his Polycraton Iohn Salubâ—â—y Raihader Gowy The ancient name Limiâ—â— The Forme Dimensitie Aire Soyle The Beaver in former time found here The Salmon The Salmons Leape The commodities of this Shire The ancient people Iuli. Frontinus King Rufus King Henry the first Cardigan the chiefe Towne The wals of it The Castle The graduation Market Townes Religious houses Hoveden Llan-Deui-breui The Pelagian heresie refuted The Shires division The bounds of Mountgomery-shire The forme Severne The Inhabitants Market-Townes The Earle The Shires division The borders of Merioneth Sbire The forme Giraldus Wil. Mal. The Inhabitants Anno D 1282. The Townes Pimble-meare d ee Harloch The limits The forme and Dimensitude The Ayre The harvest-mans Almanack The Soyle Good husbandry The ancient Inhabitants King Edward the first The Commodities Moillenlly hill King Arthurs round Table Denbigh the chiefe Towne The fairest of all North-Wales An Earthquake The Magistracie of Denbigh Graduation of it This Shire and others not divided in the Map The Shire division Market-towns Castles Parishes The limits of it The circumference The Ayre The climate Soyle d ee River Commodities Inhabitants Castles Flâ—ntâ—astle â—astle the chiefest Henry 2. Edward 1. Richard 2. Hawarden Castle Coles-hill Fons Sacer. A Spring arising miraculously A Chappell built over it The strange opinion held of this Spring Kilken Banchor Bedaes report of Banchor Monastery Port Hogham and Port Cleis Varis Vale. Llan-Elwy or Asaph Kentigern Bishop of Glasco His Monastery The Governour of it Basingwarke Offaeâ— Ditch The Shires division The divers names of this Shire The Welsh turn M into V or F. So Caer-merdhin Caer-Frydhin Luid Breu. of Brit. The measure The Ayre The Soyle Very unpasseable British Alpes Snowdon Hills The People Pearles Places of note Seioni Ninnius Mat. Westminst Caernarvon Caernarvon in danger of the Sea The Government of it King Edward the second borne at Caernarvon Banâ—hor Owen Glendowerdwy Conwey River Caer-hean Aber-Conwey Florilegus The Fish Torcoch Market-towns The first name The forme Length Bredth Aire Commodities A Welsh Proverbe Grindstones Alome Inhabitants Roman Governour Jnvaded by the Irish. Edward the first Beau-mariso chiefe town The Government of Beau-marish Antique Religious houses Many English Nobilitie there buried The partition of this Shire M. Timothy Ponn Cambde Britâ—in dâ—script Pict English Annals Beda lib. 1. c. 1. * Hect. Boet. lib. cap. 12. That Law was made by King Edwin the 3. * Which is yet called the Merchets of women How Ireland hath been named in times past The divers names of Ireland Orpheus Aristotle Eulogiâ—m Ptol Geogr. c. 1. Ireland a Westerne Island In his publike readings in Paris upon Pomponius Mela. Vaine conjectures Festus Avienus in his Orae maritimae No venâ—mous Beasts in Ireland Ireland called Scotia Ireland the third Iland for largenesse in the world The forme of Ireland The bounds The ayre Pompon Mela. The plenty Giral Cambre The soyle The danger Commodities Pompon Mela. Mantles Horses Bees The ancient Inhabitants Bartholanus one of Noahs progenie His three sons Languinna Salanus Ruthurgus Giants of the stock of Nimrod Starius Garbancles Anuinus Fergusius Gandius Geuandius Sâ—gandus Rutheranius Slanius Ireland divided into five Provinces Irish British wordâ— agree Tacit. in vita Agricolae Ireland never subject to the Romanes Orâ—sius The manners and customes of the wilde Irish. Strabo Mela lib. 3. Soli. cap. 24. Giraldus Cam. The mortall disposition of the Irish. The fantasticall conceits of the Irish. Superstitious of the Irish. Their grosse Idolatry Many wives The attire of the men The attire of the women Their manner in Warre Their ridiculous conceits Their excessive mourning for their dead Their diet Christianitie in Ireland Vincentius li. 3. cap. 7. Pro. Aquitanus An. D. 431. Ninius Henricus Antisiodorenfis Strife for Patrickes bones The life of S. Patricke The Bounds South North. East West The length from South to North. The bredth from East to West The Forme Ayre Soyle Good and commodious Ancient Inhabitants Luceni West Velabri West Vicermi West Oudiae South or Vodiae South Coriondi South A supposall touching the Luceni The riâ—h commodities of Mounster Spaniards and Portugals make here a good profit by fishing Limericke the chieâ—e of this Province Fortified by King Iohn Ann. 1332. What happened in this City by Insolencie by Valour The graduation of it Corke Citie Encompassâ—d with wiâ—d Irish that often infest it The Irish Marriages Waterford the second Citie in Ireland Alwayes loyall to the English Crowne King Henry the sâ—venth his bountie to it Christianitie in Ireland how it decayed Men turned into Wolfe-men The effects of Melancholy A ridiculous opinion Of mute souldiers in battell A good motive for the converting of the Irish to Christ. The Pope and King of Spains bad dealings Desmonds rebellion suppressed by the Lord Gray 8000. Spaniards landed in Ireland Tyrones rebellion extinguished by the Lord Montioy Windes Dearth Famine Ann. 1330. what hapned More the same yeare Ann. 1317. the effects of it Ann. 1331. a miraculous reliefe Religious places An unprobable opinion of the Crosse of Christ. The Irish misled by fault of their teachers The government of this Province The old division of it The new at this day King Henry the seconds grant King Henry the sixts grant Market towns Castles At Dunkeran At Dungarvan At Limericke Shandon Castle Cahir Castle The bounds The forme The Aire The Soile Divelin destitute of word Inhabitants Commodities The three Sisters The Grounds Kilkenny Kildare Wexford Divelin The antiquitie Divelin 〈◊〉 by Haâ—â—â—â— K. of England Divelin is the Royall seat of Ireland Henry the second Henry Loundres Iohn Comin Arch-bishop of Divelâ—â— Henry the fourth Edward the sixt The Irish mischievous one against another The Irish wast Leinster The Irish of Leinster raise warre The Giants Dance The Religious places Market Townes The bounds The forme Ayre Soyle Twomond Galway Maio. Slego Le-Trim Roscomen The ancient Inhabitants The Citie of Galway The Ilands called Arran A superstitious observation The battell of Knoc-toe An. D. 1516. The rebellion of the posteritie of mac-Mac-William Sir Richard Bingham The Rebels scattered They submitted themselves They entred into rebellion afresh They yeelded againe and were received Three thousand Scots drowned at Moin A slaughter of the Irish of Connaught Places memorable Inis Ceath Inis Bovind A Monastery at Maio. Beda lib. 4. c. 4. Curlew hills The Abbey of Beatitude Castles Market towns The bounds of Vlster The forme The ayre The soile Plenty of Salmons Negligence of husbandmen The ancient Inhabitants Their custome to sweare by S. Patrickes Staffe Their custome to chuse their King S. Patrickes Purgatory Ellan u'Frugadoric Matters memorable The Arch-bishop of Canterbury wont to consecrate the Bishops of Ireland Irishmen wont to forsake their wives at their pleasure Armagh Vita Patricii Marian Scotus S. Patricke lived and died here S. Malachy Rich Fitz-Ralf Enis Kelling The Salmons Leape Places of Religion Market-towns Castles The division of Vlster
georg Sutton Vpwim. Sutton waldron red Sutton Cul. Sutton points pud Swier Vg. Sydlin Saint Nicholas Tot. and Mod. Sylton Red. T Tarrant keniston Pimp Tarrant muncton Vpwim. Tarrant launston pimp Tarrant hinton pimp Thornford sher Thornhull Bad. Thornhill brown Throupe pud Tinham east hasler Tinham west hasler Tinkleton pud Todber Newton Tollerdwelve Red. Toller fratrum Toll Toller Percorum Toll Tolpuddell pud Tompson Comb. Turnewood pimp Turnerspuddell Barrow Turnworth Cramb. Twiâ—ord Vpwim. V Vanchurch Tol. Vernenâ—nster Cramb. Upsidling Yeat Upway Vgscomb Upwimbon Vpwim. W Waby house Pud Wadden frier Vgscomb Waldishe goder Walterston pud Walton georg Wambroke Whit. WARHAM Winf. Warmwell Winf. WAYMOUTH Vgs. Weeke Kings pud Welland Whit. Wenford Whit. Westbury Sher. Westhall Sher. Weston brown Westworth Rush. Whatcomb Coomb Whitchurch pimp Whitchurch Coomb Whitchurch tithing Whit. Whitcâ—iâ—â—e Rowbar Withart vale or â—lakemore Sherb Whitlovington Barrow Wichampton Cramb. Widdâ—n Fryer Vgscomb Wilton Eggarâ—on WIMLORN MINSTER Bad. Wimborne S. Cyles Knowl Wimborn Alhallows Knowl Winfrith Winf. Winford Eagle Tollerf Winterborn Rush. Winterborn Pimp Winterborn Eggar Winterborn Kingston Beer Wirtwood Bad. Woodcotes Cramb. Woodland Knowl Woodford Winf. Wooâ—e Rush. Woolcomb Yeat Worgret Barrow Worthe Rowbar Worthe Rowbar Wotton fitzpaine Whit. Wotton Sher. Wotton Glanfeild Buk Wraxhall Eggar Y Yetminster Yeat DEVON-SHIRE by the Cornish Britaines called Devinan by the English-Saxons Deven-schyre and by contraction of the vulgar Den-shire is not derived from the Danes as some would have it but from the people Danmonii the same we have spoken of in Cornwall and whom Ptolemie hath seated in these Westerne Borders 2 The West of this County is bounded altogether by the River Tamar the East is held in with the verge of Sommerset-shire and the North South sides are washed wholy with the British and Severne Seas Betwixt whose shores from Cunshere in the North unto Salcombe Haven entering in at the South are fifty-five miles and from the Hartland Point West to Thorncombe East are fiftie-foure the whole circumference about two hundred and two miles 3 The Ayre is sharpe healthfull and good the Soile is hilly wooddy and fruitfull yet so as the hand of the Manurer must never be idle nor the purse of the Farmer never fast shut especially of them that are farre from the Sea whence they fetch a sand with charge and much travell which being â—spread upon the face of the earth bettereth the leannesse thereof for graine and giveth life to the Glebe with great efficacie 4 As Cornwall so this hath the same commodities that arise from the Seas and being more inlanded hath more commodious Havens for Shippings entercourse among whom Totnes is famous for Brutes first entrance â—if Geffrey say true or if Havillan the Poet took not a Poeticall liberty when speaking of Brute he wrote thus The gods did guide his sail and course the winds were at command And Totnes was the happy shoare where first he came on land But with more credit and lamentable event the Danes at Teigue-mouth first entered for the invasion of this Land about the yeare of Christ 787. unto whom Brightrik K. of the West-Saxons sent the Steward of his house to know their intents whom resistantly they slew yet were they forced back to their Ships by the Inhabitants though long they stayed not but eagerly pursued their begun enterprises With more happy successe hath Plimouth set forth the purchasers of fame and stopped the entrance of Englands Invaders as in the raigne of that eternized Queene the mirrour of Princes Elizabeth of everlasting memory for from this Port Sir Francis Drake that potent man at Sea setting forth Anno 1577. in the space of two yeares and ten moneths did compasse the circle of the Earth by Sea And the Lord Charles Howard Englands high Admirall did not onely from hence impeach the entrance of the proud invincible Spanish Navy intending invasion and subversion of State but with his Bullets so signed their passage that their sides did well shew in whose hands they had beene as seals of their own shame and his high honour 5 The commodities of this shire consist much in Wools and Clothings where the best and finest Kersies are made in the Land Corne is most plenteous in the fruitfull Vallies and Cattle spreading upon the topped Hils Sea-fish and Fowle exceedingly abundant Veynes of Lead yea and some of Silver in this Shire are found and the Load-stone not the least for use and esteeme from the rocks upon Dartmore hath beene taken Many fresh Springs doe bubble from the Hils in this Province which with a longing desire of Societie search out their passage till they meete and conjoyne in the Vallies and gathering still strength with more branches lastly grow bodied able to beare Ships into the Land and to lodge them of great burden in their Bosomes or Fals whereof Tamar Tave and Ex are the fairest and most commodious 6 Vpon which last the chiefe Citie and Shire-Towne of this County is seated and from that River hath her name Excester this City by Ptolemie is called Isca by the Itinerary of Antonius Emperour Isca Danmoniorum by the English Saxons Exanceasder and Monketon and by the Welsh Pencaer It is pleasantly seated upon the gentle ascent of an hil so stately for building so rich with Inhabitants so frequâ—nt for commerce and concourse of strangers that a man can desire nothing but there it is to be had saith William of Malmesbury The wals of this Citie first built by King Athelstane are in a manner circular or round but towards the Ex rangeth almost in a straight line having sixe Gates for entrance and many watch-Towers interposed betwixt whose compasse containeth about fifteene hundred paces upon the East part of this Citie standeth a Castle called Rugemont sometimes the Palace of the West-Saxon Kings and after them of the Earles of Cornwall whose prospect is pleasant unto the Sea and over against it a most magnificent Cathedrall Church founded by King Athelstan also in honour of S. Peter and by Edward the Confessor made the Bishops See which he removed from Crediton or Kirton in this County unto the Citie of Excester as saith the private History of that place whose dilapidations the reverend father in God William now Bishop of the Diocesse with great cost hath repaired whom I may not name without a most thankfull remembrance for the great benefits received by his carefull providence toward me and mine This Citie was so strong and so well stored of Britaines that they held out against the Saxons for 465. years after their first entrance and was not absolutely wonne untill Athelstan became Monarch of the whole who then peopled it with his Saxons and enriched the beautie thereof with many faire buildings but in the times of the Danish desolations this Citie with the rest felt their destroying hands for in the yeare 875. it was
old time 57.5 Cole in pits of what substance 83.4 Cole-pits in the Bishopricke of Durham 83.4 Cole in pits at Cole-Overton in Leicester-shire 61.1 Colchester by whom built 31 7 In Colchester Constantine the great borne 31.7 Colchester how fortified 31.7 whereof it taketh name 31 7 The civill government and graduation of Colchester ibid. Colledges which were first endowed with lands in all Christendome 45.7 Columbkill where the Kings of Scotland Ireland and Norway were entombed 132.18 Combat betweene Edmond Ironside and Canutus 47.10 Comius Attrebas or of Arras 27.5 Commodus the Emperour his Hercules-like Statue 79.7 Concani See Gangani Concha mother to Saint Patricke 101.7 132.12 Condercum See Chester in the Street Coning i. King why so called 4.7 Connaught Province how it is bounded 143.1 The forme and dimension thereof 143.2 The Aire and Bogghes ibid. 3 By whom inhabited in old time 143.5 Extream famine there 143.8 What religious houses there 143.9 Counties and Townes there 144 Constantius Chlorus the Emperour died at Yorke 78.9 His Sepulcher 78.11 Conwy river how named in old time 123.6 Iohn Cobland a famous and valiant Esquire In the Map of Durham Bishopricke Cobland a part of Cumberland 87.2 Copper-Mine at Wenlocke in Shropshire 71.9 In Cumberland 87.4 Corinaeus 22 Coritani where they inhabited 55.4 59.6 61.4 67.4 Corham or Coverham Abbey 79.8 Corke Countie in Ireland sometime a Kingdome 139 Corke Citie in Mounster how seated 139.6 An Episcopall See ibid. The marriage of the Citizens ibid. Cornavii what countries they held 51.4 53.4 69.5 71.5 73.5 Cornwall why so called 3.2 21.1 Of what temperature for aire it is 21.2 Almost an Isle 21.4 The soile 21.3 The dimension thereof 21.3 The ancient and moderne Inhabitants 21.5 It giveth title of Earle and Duke 21.6 What commodities it yeeldeth 21.7 Religious houses therein 21.10 Hundreds and Townes therein 22 Cottons Family of Coningham in Huntingtonshire 58.8 Coventry a well walled Citie 53.5 A Corporation and Countie by it selfe 53.5 Counsell of the Marches of Wales ordained 71.7 Counsell at Yorke erected 78 9 Courts of Iustice altered by King William Conquerour 5.3 Caway Stakes 29.6 Crediton or Kirton a Bishops See translated to Excester 19.6 Cretingsbury 58.10 Sir Adam de Cretings ibid. Robert Bossu Crouch-backe Earle of Leicester rebelleth 61.6 Buildeth the Abbey of St Maries de Pratls neere Leicester 61.6 Hee becommeth a Canon Regular 61.6 Cuba an Island 1.2 Cumberland how bounded 87.1 The form and aire of it 87 2.3 Whence it tooke name 87.5 Commodities thereof 87.4 The ancient Inhabitants 87.5 A Kingdome ibid. Antiquities therein 87.6 Townes therein 88 Cumri 99.2 Custodes See Lieutenants Cuthbert Bishop of Lindâ—ssarne 93 The tutelar Patron of Northerne English-men against the Scots 83.6 A Saint and much adored 83.6 His Tombe much visited by Kings in Pilgrimage ibid. D Lord Dalbney or Daubney with Cornish Rebels overthrown upon Black-heath 7.10 Danelage 5.3 Danish Law 4.8 Danmonii where placed Danewort hearb why so called 31.5 Darby-shire how bounded 67.1 The forme and dimension of it 67.2 The aire and soile thereof ibid. 3 The Inhabitants of it in old time 67.4 Commodities thereof 67 5 What Religious Houses therein 67.9 Hundreds Towns thereof 68 Darby Towne how named in times past 67.6 Alhallowes Steeple there by whom built ibid. The government and graduation thereof ibid. Darnii people of Ireland 145.5 David Disciple of Dubricius uncle to King Arthur Arch-bishop of Menevia 6.6 David 2. King of Scots prisosoner in Nottingham castle 65.6 Saint Davids Citie 101.7 A Nurcerie of holy men ibid. An Archiepiscopall See 101.6 The Cathedrall Church thereof ibid Saint David Bishop refuteth the Pelagians 113.7 Dee River glideth through Pimple meere without mixture 117.5 Deemsters in the Isle of Man 91.5 Deheubarth i. South Wales 110.15 Deirwand 81.8 Dela his five sonnes seated in Ireland 137.10 Demetia or Dimetia i. South-Wales 100.15 Demetiae what Nation and where planted 101.4 103.4 Or Dimetae 113.5 Denbigh Towne and Castle in North wales 99.11 119.7 An Earth-quake there without harme 119.7 How governed ibid. The graduation of it ibid. Denbigh-shire how limited 119.1 The forme and dimension thereof 119.2 The aire and soile thereof 119. 3.4 By whom inhabited in old time 119.5 The Commodities thereof 119.6 Hundreds and Townes thereof 120 Depopulation in England complained of 4.10 Derwent River 67.3 Earle of Desmonds Rebellion suppressed 139.9 Himselfe beheaded by a Souldier ibid. Deucalidonian sea 99.1 Devils arse in the Peake 67.8 Devils ditch 33.7 37.7 Devon-shire name whence derived 91.1 How bounded 91 1 The dimension thereof 19.2 The aire and soile of it 19.3 What Ports and Havens it hath 19.4 What commodities it yeeldeth 19.5 It giveth titles of Duke and Earle 19.8 What Religious houses in it 19.9 Hundreds Towns therein 20 Diamonds gotten in Cornewall 21.7 In Somerset-shire 23.6 Dyffrin Cluid 119.6 The fairest valley within Wales 99.11 Divelin or Dublin Countie destitute of wood 141.3 Divelin Citie the chief in Ireland why called in Irish Bala Cleigh 141.6 Loyall to the Crowne of England 141.10 How adorned ibid. 11 How governed ibid. Divet i. Pembroke-shire 100 17 Division of this whole worke or Theatre 1.1 A division of England fourefold in Canute his days 4.11 Division of England according to Iurisdiction Archiepiscopall 5.4 Dobuni where seated 45.4 47.4 Domesday booke why so called 5.8 Dopnald King of Man tyrannizeth and flieth into Ireland 92.5 Dorchester by Oxford an Episcopall See 45.4 Removed to Lincolne 6.9 Had Archiepiscopall jurisdiction 6.8 How seated 17.5 The civill government thereof 17.5 The graduation of it 17.6 Dorcester-shire whence it took name 17.1 How bounded ibid. The forme and measure of it 17.2 The aire and soile thereof 17.3 By whom possessed in old time 17.4 The commodities it yeeldeth 17.5 What memorable places there 17.6 What religious houses 17 7.8 What Castles 17.9 Divisions Hundreds and Townes therein 18 Dover the Locke and Key to England 7.5 Downes in Sussex 9.4 Sir Francis Drake compassed the Globe of the earth by Sea 19.4 Drax an Abbey 77.7 Dropping Well 78.11 Dubricius Arch-bishop of Caerlion 6.6 Dunstan against Priests marriage his supposed Stratagem 2â— 6 Duwich an Episcopall See 339 Durol rivae 58.8 Duro sipont See God-Manchester Durotriges where seated 17.4 Durham Bishopricke how bounded 83.1 The forme and dimension of it 83.2 The aire and soile 83.3 4 The ancient Inhabitants of it 83.5 Townes in the Bishopricke 84 Bishops their Royalties 83.6 Durham Citie a Bishops See Ibid. A Countie Palatine Ibid E Eadesburg where now the Chamber in the Forrest 73.7 King Eadgars triumph at Chester ibid. Ealdermen who in times past 4.7 East-England 4.11 East-Riding how bounded 81 East-Riding how seated 77.4 The aire soile and commodities 81.2 3 In East-Riding what Hundreds and Townes 82 Edelâ—fleda built Glocester Church 47.7 Edel-fleda beneficiall to Leicester 61.6 Edith a Saint 45.7 Edmund Earle of Richmond father to King
English Roman-Catholiques who have a Colledge there appointed for their fugitives And others of note are Troys and Brye and Auxerre and Sans and Arch-biâ—shops See c. 6 Burgundis both the Dutchie and Countie The Dutchie or Burgundia inferior and Westerne lyeth on the South of higher Germany Her principall places are Digion Saint Bernards birth-Towne Antun Bealâ—e Sologue and Aliza once the famous Citie of Alexia The Countie of Burgundie or Burgundia superior yeelds not to the choysest Garden in France for fertility of soyle not to the most renowned for stoutnesse of the Inhabitants They acknowledge not as yet the French Command no more then Savoy and Loraine They were under divers Generals and are called Wallons corruptly for Galleus a trick of the Dutch Her principall Cities are Besauson the Metropolis of both Burgundies Salives Arboys Gray and Dola 7 Lugdunense Territorium Lione an illustrious Citie The Center of Europe I mean where Merchants meet for traffique from all quarters And these Provinces belong either wholly or at least in part to Gallia Lugdunensis For indeed some lye divided and stretch into their neighbours Territories as Campania into Belgica and this last Lugdunense is in part under the Government of Savoy 14 Narbonensis Gallia on the West hath the Comitatus Armenaici and Comminges Eastward part of the Alpes Northward the Mountaine Comenus and Southward the French Seas It is generally a fruitfull Countrey not inferiour in the esteeme of Plinie to Italy it selfe it comprehends the Provinces 1 of Languedoc supposed from Languegotia language of the Gothes It reacheth from the bounds of Armenia and Comminges to the Mediterraneum Her chief Cities are Narbon from whence this whole Region receives her appellation and is reckoned the first Roman Province in Europe and Mons pessulame Mont-Pelleine an Vniversitie most famous for the study of Physick Nimes where there is at this day many reliques of Antiquities and Pons Sancti Siritus c. 2 Provence Provincia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divided from Languedoc by the River Rhodanus Rhohan It belongs part to the Crowne of France part to the Pope and a third to the Prince of Orange In the Kings portion are Air a Parliamentary City Arles and Marfilia the last built in the time of the Roman Tarquine To the Bishop of Rome belongs Avenian a City and Arch-Bishops See with the whole Comitatus venissimus To the Prince of Orange the chiefe City Aurangia or Orange on the river Meine Estrang Boys de St. Poll. c. 3 Daulphine on the North of Province Regio Allâ—brogum and is divided in Delphinatum superiorem inferiorem The first contains in it Embrum where Agaric Mama is plentifully gathered Valentia c. The latter Grinnoble vienna Daulphin Romans 4 Savoy Sabadia on the East of Daulphin a Dukedome within whose limits stands the well known City Geneva which entertaines people from all Countries of any Religion But yet enforceth a law upon fugitives not common elsewhere For whatsoever Malefactor is there apprehended for mischiefe done in his own Countrey suffers as if he had been there condemned The principall Cities besides are Tarantise Bele Moustire Maurience c. To this Dukedome belong Cambrey on the West side of the Alpes and the Countrey of Bresse whose heire is entituled Prince of Piâ—mount a part of Italy at the very East foot of the mountains which sever her from this Countrey 15 Gallia Belgica the last is the Easterne tract toward Germany and as much as belongs to this Kingdome containes onely Picardie which is divided into the higher and lower The first portends towards the British Seas and here stands Calles distant but thirty miles from Dover It is that which Caesar called Portus Iccius wonne from the French by our Edward the third lost by Queene Mary upon her Confines toward England is the Countrey of Bononia and Cuinnes which contain sundry towns and villages The chiefe Bulloigne Conquered by our Henry the eight but delivered back in the raigne of Edward the sixt In this Picardie stans Terwin besieged by King Henry in person where the Emperour Maximilian served under his Colours and receved pay as his Souldiers In the lower Picardie stands Ambianum Ameins the Metropolis Here are the Dutchie of Terache whose chief City is Guisa which gave name to the family of the Guises and the Countrey of Vermeudois where Saint Quintin stands Retelois and Retelher metropolis Arteleis and Laferre her's Pontheine and Abberille 16 The Ilands which are reckoned properly French are onely those which lye neere in the Atlantick Ocean They are but few and of no great account The principall Dame de Bâ—vin Lâ—â—le Dieu Marmotier Insula Regis ¶ The Description of BELGIA IN this we continue still the Description of Belgia begunne in the Mappe of France For the title is common as well to these Territories as indeed to all the North-east Tracts of the old Gallia The portion hereditary to the French King was marked out among the rest of his Dominions The residue since it hath beene by length of time chance of warre or at least chance of Fortune dispersed into the power of severall Princes is better knowne to us by the familiar names of the Low-Countries then Netherlands Flanders c. 2 In the search of her Originall we may have reference to our precedent Discourse For questionlesse it was possest by the Gaules as the other parts were and if trust may be given to those antique Stories whose truth is almost worn out with age she reacheth her Pedegree as high as any and likely enough did pertake in the spoyles of Rome when the Capitoll was ransacked by the Gauls under the conduct of our two English Brothers For her chiefe Captaine Belgius whose memory she preserves to this day in her name is mentioned by Quadus and others as Companion to Brennius in his expedition toward Macedonia after they were intreated from Rome 3 In the first times they were a stout people and practised to continuall warres by the bordering Germanes which made them as well expert as hardy It seemes Caesar found them so in his tryall for he gives them in his Commentaries the honour of a valiant Nation above any other part of Gallia Yet at last he brought them under and in time they were expulsed by the Germanes who for their neerest speech and customs are supposed and justly too the Predecessours to the now Inhabitants 4 For her first name I find no other likely account given then from a Citie built by their Belgius in the Province of Hannonia where now stands Bavaris The rest Germania inferior the Lâ—w-Countries and Netherlands require no long search for without doubt they have little other ground then her low situation upon the Seas and indeed it is such as hath oft-times indangered her by inundations and sunke many hundreds of their Townes and Villages which to this day in some places shew their tops above water at a dead low ebbe Lastly
City famous before that time by the conversion of these Saxons unto Christianity and in building a most magnificent Church to Gods service wherein eight of their Kings have been interred but all their Monuments since overshadowed by the height of Beckets Tombe that for glory wealth and superstitious worships equalized the Pyramides of Egypt or the Oracles of Delphos yet now with Dagon is fallen before the Arke of God This City hath been honoured with the presence and Coronations of King Iohn and Queen Isabel his wife with the mariages of King Henry third and of King Edward the first and with the interments of Edward the Black Prince King Henry the fourth and of Queen Ioan his wife as Feversham is with the burials of King Stephen and of Maud his Queen and wife But as in glory so in adversity hath this City born a part being divers times afflicted by the Danes but most especially in the dayes of King Ethelred who in that revenge of their massacre made havock of all and herein slew forty three thousand and two hundred persons the tenth besides reserved to live Afterward it recovered breath and beauty by the liberality of Bishop Langford Charters and Priviledges by King Henry the third strength in trench and Fortifications from King Richard the second and lastly wals for her defence by Simon Sudbury Archbishop of that See whose Graduation is placed for Latitude 51.25 and parallelized for Longitude 22.8 her sister Rochester differing not much in either degree 9 Which City as Beda saith was built by one Rof Lord of the same though some ascribe the foundation of the Castle to Iulius Caesar and hath been often ruinated by the injuries of warre both in the times when the Saxons strove for superiority among themselves wherein this City was laid waste Anno 680. as also in the assaults of their common â—nemy the Danes who about the yeare 884. from France sailed up the River Medway and besieged the same so that had not King Elfred speedily come to the rescue it had been overthrown by those Pagans And again in Anno 999. the Danes miserably spoiled this City in the time of King Ethelred neither hath it stood safe from danger since though not defaced so much by war for twice hath it been sore endamaged by chance of fire the first was in the reigne of King Henry the first An. 1130. himself being present with most of his Nobility for the consecration of the Cathedrall Church of S. Andrew And again almost wholly consumed about the latter end of the Reign of King Henry the second Anno 1177. Yet after all these calamities it recovered some strength again by the bounty of King Henry the third both in buildings and in ditching her about for defence 10 Civill broyles and dissentions hath this Countie been burdened with and that not only under the Saxons and Danes whose desolations were many and grievous but also by other rebellions since the Normans Conquest both in those infamous insurrections called The Barons Warres in the reigne of King Henry the third wherein much harme was done as also under King Richard the second when Wat Tilar Captaine of a dreadfull commotion assembled at Black-heath Mile-end and in London doing many outrages where in Smithfield he was lastly struck down by William Walworth then Major of the City and worthily slaine for his notorious treasons Again upon Black-heath Michael Ioseph the Lord Dawbeny with their Cornish Rebels were overthrowne by King Henry the seventh Anno 1497. 11 Kent in the time of Iulius Caesar was governed by four severall Kings Vnder Vortigern the Britain by a Lieutenant called Guorong from whom the said King gave it to Hengist the Saxon in favour of his Daughter Rowen who seeking to make himself absolute King thereof eight yeares after his first entrance fought a victorious Battell against the Britaines neere unto Crayford and thence-forth accounted that Province his owne Yet afterward Vortimer the valiant Britaine gave him battell at Aylesford in the which both Horsa and Catigern brethren to both the Generals were slaine and the Saxons driven into the Isle of Thanet their first assigned habitation not daring to enter the Continent so long as Vortimer lived Catigern was interred upon the Plaine where to this day remaineth his Monument being foure stones pitched in manner of the Stonehenge and is vulgarly called Citscotehouse The like Monument was of Horsa at Horsted which storms and time have now devoured Hengist made this Province a Kingdom for himselfe and successors which name and power it retained the space of three hundred and twenty years when Egbert King of the West-Saxons subdued and joyned it to his own in which subjection it stood untill the time of the Normans Then was it given under the title of an Earledome by the Conqueror unto Otho Bishop of Bayeux his halfe-brother whose successours in that dignity were those most honourable Families whose Armes and Names within this Plot are blazed and expressed It is divided principally into five Lathes subdivided into 66. Hundreds and them againe into 398. Parishes â— and wherein had been seated three and twenty Religious Houses KENT WITH HER CITIES AND EARLES Described and observed LATHES DIVIded into Hundreds and Hundreds into Parishes Sutten Black-heath 7. Sutten Broâ—eley 2. Sutten Lesnes 4. Sutten Axtane 16. Sutten Rookesley 15. Sutten Godsheath 8. Sutten Westerham 4. Sutten Somerden 6. Aylesford Hoo 5. Aylesford Shamele 11. Aylesford Toltingtroe 6. Aylesford Chetham 3. Aylesford Wortham 4. Aylesford Larkfield 15. Aylesford Littlefield 3. Aylesford Twiford 6. Aylesford Tunbridge 2. Aylesford Watchlingston 5. Aylesford West Barnefield Aylesford Brenchley 3. Aylesford Marden 2. Aylesford Eyhorne 13. Aylesford Maldstone 7. Seray Milton 23. Seray Tenham 4. Seray Feversham 17. Seray Boâ—â—on 4. Seray Felboro 5. Seray Chart 9. Seray Wye 5. Seray Byircholt 1. Seray Galehill 8. Seray Ashford Seray Blackborne 5. Seray Tenderden 1. Seray Barkley 1. Seray Cranbrooke 3. Seray Rolvenden 2. Seray Selbrightenden 1. Seray East Barnfield 1. Seray Newyadene S. Augustine Ringsloe 4. S. Augustine Blengate 7. S. Augustine Whirestable 3. S. Augustine Westgate 4. S. Augustine Downchamford 6. S. Augustine Preston 2. S. Augustine Bredge 7 S. Augustine Kinghamford 5. S. Augustine Seasalter S. Augustine Wingham 5. S. Augustine Eastâ—y 11. S. Augustine Corâ—iloe 8. S. Augustine Bewesbrough 13. S. Augustine Longport Shepwey Folkestane 8. Shepwey Lovingboroe 4. Shepwey Stowting 5. Shepwey Heane 2. Shepwey Pyrcholt stan 2. Shepwey Streats 3. Shepwey Worth 2. Shepwey Ilam 3. Shepwey Langport 1. Shepwey S. Martin Shepwey Newchurch 4. Shepwey Alowsbridge 6. Shepwey Oxney 3. A ACryse Shep. Acton Sera Addesham Aug. Addington Ayles Akkam Shep. S. Albans August Aldington Ayles Aldington Shep. Aldwecke Shep. Alhallowes Ayles Alkham Shep. 〈◊〉 Ayles 〈◊〉 Coltham Ayles Allington Shep. All Saints August APPLEDORE Sera Asâ—â—ey August 〈…〉 ASHEFORD Seray Ashâ—ey August Ashâ—â—â— Ayles Aylesford Ayles Aynsford Sutten
6 The place of most account in this Shire is Chichester by the Britaine 's called Caercei and by the Saxons Cissan-Ceasr a Citie beautifull and large and very well walled about first built by Cissa the second King of the South-Saxons wherein his Royall Palace was kept And when K. William the first had enacted that Bishops Seas should be translated out of small Townes unto places of greater resort the Residence of the Bishop untill then held at Selsey was removed to this Citie where Bishop Raulfe began a most goodly Cathedrall Church but before it was fully finished by a sudden mischance of fire was quite consumed Yet the same Bishop with the helping liberalitie of King Henry the first began it again and saw it wholly finished whose beauty and greatnes her fatall enemy still envying againe cast downe in the dayes of King Richard the first and by her raging flames consumed the buildings both of it and the Bishops Palace adjoyning which Seffrid the second Bishop of that name reedified and built anew And now to augment the honour of this place the Citie hath born the Title of an Earldome whereof they of Arundell were sometimes so stiled Whose Graduation for Latitude is removed from the Equator unto the degree fiftie fiftie five minutes and for Longitude observing the same point in the West whence Mercator hath measured are twentie degrees 7 With whom for frequencie bignesse and building the Towne Lewes seemeth to contend where King Athelstan appointed the mintage of his Moneyes and William de Warron built a strong Castle whereunto the disloyall Barons of King Henry the third in warlike manner resorted and fought a great Battle against their own Soveraigne and his sonne wherein the King had his horse slaine under him Richard King of the Romans surprized and taken in a Wind-mill and Prince Edward delivered unto them upon unequall conditions of Peace But a greater Battle was fought at Battle when the hazard of England was tried in one dayes sight and Harold the King gave place to his Conquerour by losing of his life among sixtie seven thousand nine hundred seventie foure Englishmen besides whose blood so spilt gave name to the place in French Sanguelac And the soyle naturally after raine becomming of a reddish colour caused William of Newbery untruly to write That if there fell any small sweet showers in the place where so great a slaughter of the Englishmen was made presently sweateth forth very fresh blood out of the carth as if the evidence thereof did plainely declare the voice of blood there shed and cryed still from the earth unto the Lord. 8 But places of other note in this Shire are these From Basham Earle Harold taking the Sea for his delight in a small boat was driven upon the coast of Normandie where by Duke William he was retained till he had sworne to make him King after Edward Confessors death which oath being broken the Bastard arrived at Pensey and with his sword revenged that Periurie At West-Wittering also Ella the Saxon before him had landed for the conquering of those parts and gave name to the shore from Cimen his son But with greater glory doth Gromebridge raise up her head where Charles Duke of Orleance father to Lewes the twelfth King of France taken prisoner at Agincourt was there a long time detained 9 The commodities of this Province are many and divers both in Corn Cattell Woods Iron Glasse which two last as they bring great gaine to their Possessors so doe they impoverish the Countie of Woods whose want will be found in ages to come if not at this present in some sort felt 10 Great have been the devotions of Religious persons in building and consecrating many houses unto the use and only service of Christ whose Bead men abusing the intents of their Founders have caused those foundations to lament their own ruines for in the tempestuous time of King Henry the Eight eighteene of them in this Countie were blowne down whose fruit fell into the lappes of some that never meant to restore them again to the like use This Country is principally divided into six Rapes every of them containing a River a Castle and Forrest in themselves besides the severall Hundreds whereunto they are parted that is the Rape of Chichester into seven of Arundell into five of Bramber into ten of Lewes into thirteene of Peuensey into seventeene and of Haslings into thirteene in all fiftie six wherein are seated ten Castles eighteene market Towns and three hundred and twelve Parish Churches as in the Table following appeareth SUSSEX Described and divided into Rapes with the fiâ—sation of Chichester the cheife citie thereof And the armes of such Nobles as have bene dignified with the title of Earles since the conquest and other accidents therein observed Hundreds and Rapes in SVSSEX Chichester Rape 〈…〉 hund 〈…〉 hund Dump or hund 〈…〉 Manbou◠〈◊〉 Bex and 〈…〉 hundred Alâ—weck hund Arundel Rape West A 〈…〉 Botherbridge 〈◊〉 Pâ—ling 〈◊〉 〈…〉 Bary 〈◊〉 Bramber Rape West 〈◊〉 hund 〈…〉 hund 〈◊〉 hund 〈◊〉 hund 〈…〉 〈…〉 Fisheâ—gatâ— hund Tipnoke hund 〈…〉 hund Sâ—ingleâ—â—â—sse hund Lewes Rape Barkâ—â—â— and Hamsey 〈◊〉 S 〈…〉 H 〈…〉 I 〈…〉 U 〈…〉 H 〈…〉 F 〈…〉 P 〈…〉 Battinghill North hund Battinghill South hund Wyncham hund 〈◊〉 North part Streat South part Peuensey Rape East griâ—â—teâ— hund H 〈◊〉 hund Rutherfield hund Foxâ—â—ald Kings hund Tinfield and Bucklie hun Ringomer hund Iâ—field hund Rushmonden hund Danchill horsteâ— hund Danchill Sheffeild hund Sheplake hund Dill hund Longbriâ—ge hund Willington hund Eastborne hund Alsiston hund Flexborow hund Hastings Rape Foxenall hund Dâ—nill hund Shewswell hund Goldespure hund Staple hund Hanksborough hund Nethersfeild hund Boxhill hund Baâ—sloc hund Gestling hund Gostrowe hund Nenvill hund Henhurst hund A ADrington Arund Alberton Bramb Alborne Bramb Adingborone Chich. Adrington â—ewes Almanington Chich. Aldfrisian Pâ—uâ—n Alsiston Peuen Amberlie Arund Amersham Chich. Angleton Lewes Angmering West Arund Angmering East Arund Angton Arund Anstye Lewes Apoledrum Chich. Apslâ—y Bramb Ardingleigh Lexes Arundell forrest Arund ARVNDEL Arund Arundel flu Ashburnham Hast. Ashefeuld Arund Athurst Bramb Assington bramb Aylworth chich B Badwâ—rth parke Arun. Balcombe Lâ—wâ—â— Balesdâ—ane lewes Balteslow Beacon hast Barcombe lewes Barlavington arund Barlugh archeâ— lewes Barnham arund BATTLE hast Bayles Court arund The Beach peuen. Beawbush bramb Beckley hast Bedingham peuen. Bedingstreat bramb Bentley peuen. Bepton Chich. Bersted South chich Bersted North chich Berwyke peuen. Bexill hast Bidlington bramb Bigmoâ—e arund Bignor arund Billinghurst arund Bilson arund Binderton chich Binsted arund Bishophurst bramb Blackdow Beacon chich Blackhouse peuen. Blackston bramb Bletchington lewes Bletchington peuen. Bogner â—ocks chich Bodgiham hast Bolbroke peuen. Bolney leâ—es Bonyâ—k bramb Borcham Chappâ—ll hast Bormer lewes Borsill hast Borstye lewes Boscham chich Bosgravâ— chich Bowes bramb Bowley chich Bramber bramb Bramble peuen. Brantsnap lewes Breed
by them sore afflicted spoyled and shaken and that most grievously by Swane in the yeare of Christ Iesus 1003. who razed it downe from East to West so that scarcely had it gotten breath before William the bastard of Normandy besieged it against whom thâ— Citizens with great manhood served till a part of the wall fell downe of it selfe and that by the hand of Gods providence saith mine Authour since when it hath beene three times bâ—sieged and with valiant resistance ever defended The first was by Hugh Courtney Earle of Devon-shire in the civill broyles betwixt Lancaster and York then by Perkin Warbeck that counterfeited Richard Duke of York and lastly by the Cornish Rebels wherein although the Citizens were grievously pinched with scarcitie yet continued they their faithfull allegiance unto King Edward the sixt and at this day flourisheth in tranquillitie and wealth being governed by a Mayor twentie-foure Brethren with a Recorder Towne-Clerke and other Officers their attendants This Cities graduation is set in the degree of Latitude from the North Pole 50. 45. scruples and for Longitude from the West to the degree 16. and 25. scruples Neither is Ioseph that excellent Poet whose birth was in this Citie the least of her Ornaments whose Writings bare so great credit that they were divulged in the Germane language under the name of Cornelius Nepos The like credit got Crediton in her birth-child Winefred the Apostle of the Hassians Thuringers and Frisians of Germany which were converted by him unto the Gospel and knowledge of Christ. 7 Places memorable in this Countie remaining for signes of Battels or rather antiquities are these upon Exmore certaine Monuments of Antique worke are erected which are stones pitched in order some triangle-wise and some in round compasse these no doubt were Trophies of victories there obtained either by the Romans Saxons or Danes and with Danish letters one of them is inscribed giving direction to such as should travell that way Hublestow likewise neere unto the mouth of Tawe was the buriall place of Hubba the Dane who with his brother Hungar had harried the English in divers parts of the Land but lastly was there encountred with and slaine by this Shires Inhabitants and under a heape of copped stones interred and the Banner Reasen there and then taken that had so often been spread in the Danes quarrell and wherein they reposed no small confidence for successe 8 A double dignitie remaineth in this Countie where Princes of State have borne the Titles both of Devon-shire and Excester of which Citie there have bâ—en entituled Dukes the last of whom namely Henry Holland Grand-childe to Iohn Holland halfe-brother to King Richard the second siding with Lancaster against Edward the fourth whose sister was his wife was driven to such misery as Philip Commineus reporteth that he was seen all torn and bare-footed to beg his living in the Low Countries and lastly his body was cast upon the Shore of Kent as if he had perished by shipwrack so uncertaine is Fortune in her endowments and the state of man notwithstanding his great birth 9 Religious houses in this Shire built in devotion and for Idolatry pulled downe were at Excester Torbay Tanton Tavestoke Kirton Ford Hartland Axmister and Berstable 10 And the Counties divisions are parted into 33. Hundreds wherein are seated 37. Market Townes and 394. Parish-Churches whose names shall appeare in the Table following DEVONSHIRE WITH EXCESTER DESCRIBED And the Armes of such Nobles as haue borne the titles of them HUNDREDS in Devon-shire 1. BRanten 2. Sherwell 3. South Moulton 4. Bampton 5. Tyverton 6. Witheridge 7. Fremington 8. Hartland 9. Shebbeare 10. North-Tauton 11. Black Torrington 12. Winckley 13. Creditor 14. West Budley 15. Halberton 16. Hemyock 17. Axmister 18. Cullington 19. Hayrudge 20. S. Mary Oâ—â—ry 21. Clifton 22. East Budley 23. Wonford 24. Tingbridge 25. Exmister 26. Heytor 27. Liston 28. Tave stock 29. Roborough 30. Plympton 31. Armington 32. Stanborough 33. Colridge A ABbotesham Sheb Agelsortwell Hey Alesbeare East b. Alhallowes Hayrtd Alsheraphe Witbr Allington east stan Allington west stan Alme Flu. Alphington won Aluerdiscot fre Alwington sheb Ansley Mary witâ— Annary sheb S. Annes Chappell Brant Anstie east southmo Anstie west southmo Apeley Frem Apledon sâ—eb Arlington sher Arme Flu. Armington arm Armouth arm Armington arm Ashe Brant Ashe kingâ— Northt Ashberry Black ASHBERTON Ti. Ashbright Bam. Ashcomb Exm. Ashford Brant Ashford Bam. Ashprington Col. Ashregny Northt Ashton With. Ashton Exm. Ashwater Black Atherington Northt Audley sheb Aueton gifford arm Aune Flu. Austerston sheb AVTREY Mary Ot. Ax Flu. Axmister Axm. Axmouth Axm. B Bag-point North. BAMPTON Bam. BARNSTABLE B. Barnstable Bam. Bathe Northt Beaford sheb Beare clifton Beareferris Rob. Beere cull Bediford sheb Bediston lyft Belston black Bery point Heyt Bery Castle heyt Bery pomcry heyt Berrynerbert brant Beworthy Black Bickley hayrid Bickligh Robor Bickington Ting Bickington high North. Bickington Abbors Black Bicton East Bud. Bigbury arming Bittedon brant Blakauton colr. Blakdon heyt Bonitracye Ting Bosingsale colr. Bounden colr. BOWE North. Bradford black Bradford Hayr BRADINVCH Ha. Bradston lifton Bradworthy Black Brampford speke Won Branscombe cull Branton brant Bratton lovelly lift Bratton flemyng Bra. Bray Flu. Braye high sher Brendon sher BRENT south stanb. Brentor tavest Briddestow lift Bridgford VVonford Bridgreuell black Brightley southm Brixham Heyt Brixton Plymp Brodwood kelly bla Brodwood wigier â—i Brushford Northt Buckland east brant Buckland west brant Buckland north Rob. Buckland towsan col Buckland Monachop Rob. Buckland Bruer sheb Buckland in the moore Heyt Buckland fylly sher Buckfastleigh stan Buckerell Hem. Budleigh east East b. S. Budox Robor Bulkworthy bart Bult poynt stanb. Bundley Northt Burrinton plymp. Burrington Northt Burlescombe bamp. Butterley clift C Cadbery Hayr Cadbury VVest b. Cadley hayrid Callaton Northt Cannanleigh Bamp Cave Tyvert Caverleigh Tyvert Chareles sherw Chareles southâ—m Charleton colrid Challeigh Northt Chanon VVonf. Chawley VVith CHEGâ—ORD Won Chekston East b. Cheldon VVith Cherinton Fitz-paine West Cherinton bishops Won Cherston heyt Chestowe stanb. Chettescomb Tyvert Chevelston col CHIDLEIGH Ex. Chiâ—ton colr. Chylinleigh With. Chymley sher Chitlehampton south Chittenholt wood south Cholacombe sher Churstaunton hem Citington heyt Clavell har Clayhaydon hem Clayhanger Bamp Clannaborough Nor. Clawton Black S. Clement colr. Cliffe S. Mary East b. Cliffe S. George Ea. Cliffe S. Laurence Cl. Cliffe honiton East b. Cliffe brode clif Cliffe bishops East b. Cliffe hiedon clift Clouelly hart Cockatree Northt Cockingtorâ— bey Coffinswell bey Colbrooke cred Collaton arm Collaton Rawley East b. Columb John VVon Columb David Hem. Columpton Flu. COLVMPTON H Colruge Northt Culmestoke hem Cookberry black Combe VVest b. Combe Frem Combe cull Combs poynt Colr. Combe in tern hey Combing tynhead VVon Combyne axm. Comb martyns bran Compton bey Compton gifford Rob. Comranley axm. Coplaston cred Connsbury sher Cornewood arm Corneworthy colr. Cotleigh cull Cullacombe lift
erected which are eighteene Stones placed round in compasse and pitched twelve foot each from others with another farre bigger in the very center These doe shew some Victory there attained either by the Romans or else King Athelstane At the foot of the Rocks neere unto S. Michaels Mount in the memory of our Fathers were digged up Speare-heads Axes and Swords of Brasse wrapped in linnen the weapons that the Cimbrians and ancient Britaines anciently used At Camelford likewise peeces of Armours both for horse and man are many times found in digging of the ground imputed to be the signes of that fight wherein Mordred was slaine and wherein great Arthur received his deaths wound And at Castle-Dennys are the Trenches wherin the Danes lodged when they first minded to subdue the Land In the Parish S. Clare two stones are pitched one of them inscribed with a strange Character and the other called the other halfe stone the formes whereof we have expressed in the Mappe The Hurlers also fabuled to be men metamorphosed into stones but in truth shew a note of some victorie or else are so set for Land-markes Bounders There also the Wring cheese doth shew it selfe which are huge Rocks heaped one upon another and the lowest of them the least fashioned like a Cheese lying pressed under the rest of those Hilles which seemeth very dangerous to be passed under But neere to Pensans and unto Mounts bay a farre more strange Rocke standeth namely Main Amber which lyeth mounted upon others of meaner size with so equall a counterpoize that a man may move it with the push of his finger but no strength remove it out of his place 10 Religious houses built and suppressed within the limits of Cornwall the fairest and greatest for account were Launston S. Neotes S. Buriens S. Michaels Mount and S. Germans a Bishops See so was Bodman also from whence King Edward the Confessor removed it unto the Cities of Excester 11 The division of this Shire is into nine Hundreds wherein are seated twentie-two Market-Townes and 161. Parish-Churches whose names are Alphabetically gathered in the Table of this Chapter annexed CORNWALL Hundreds in Cornwall 1. PEnwith 2. Kerrier 3. Pider 4. Powder 5. West 6. Lesnewth 7. Trigge 8. Stratton 9. East A Aborrows Kerrier Adven Lesnew. S. Agnis Pid S. Allan Powd Alan flu Trig. Allâ—â—combe strat Alternon Lesnew. Castle Andenas Pid Anowtham pen. Anstell powd Anthony powd Anthony East East Anthony West East S. Anthony in menege Ker. Ancron Kerrier Ardevora powd Arthurshall Trig. Arwanack Ker. Arwothall Ker. Asalt East Ashfield powd B Bake East Baâ—lyn Pid Barrete powd Bedeve Trig. Bedwyn Trig. Beedshaven strat Benaflock powd Benallock Kerry S. Benet Pid Benye Lesnew. Bere strat Beriobridge East Berose Trig. Besill Lesnew. Betonet East Bickton East Bindon beacon We. Binerton Kerry Blackbitille point West Blaise powd Blislond Trig. Blostenim East Bochym Kerry Boconock West Bodregan powd BODMAN Trig. Bodrigy Pen. Bolisto Pen. Bonython Kerry Borden strat Borrow strat Botadon East Botalleck pen. Botsboro strat Bolcastle Lesnew. Boskenna pen. Bossassill pen. Bosvergus pen. Boyton stratt Breage Kerry Breland I le pen. Brâ—nâ— pid S. Breock pid Breward Trig. Bridgrule strat Bâ—odocke West Brouagelly west Buckern Trig. Buckehy Trig. Budocke Kerry Burgus pid Burian pen. S. Burien pen. Burlace pid Burnere Trig. Byneth wood East Bynnawy strat C Calstocke East Camborne pen. CAMEâ—FORD Le. Canalegie pid Canyjeck pen. Caradon Beacon East Carantack pid Cardynbam West Cargallomb West Cargem East Carmyono Kerry Carnonbigh pen. Carnon pid Carock passage west Caraglowse pen. Cary bay powd Casthorne pen. Cayne West Cayne bridge West Chasfrench East Cheswring East Clayper bridge East Cleader Les. S. Cleere West S. Clement powd S. Clements I le pen. Clifton East Clowans pen. Cober Flu. Colan little pid COLUMB great pid Columb lesse pid Colquite powd Combe powd Constenton Ker. Corbullock Parke East Cornely powd Cortether West Coswyn penw Court powd Cousham bay East Crackington Les. Creed powd Crigmere pid Crocadon East Crosthole East Crowan pen. Cubye powd Curye Kerry Coswath ped Cuttcall East Cuttbert pid The ruines of a Castle pen. D Davidstone Les. S. Daye Kerry S. Dennis powd Denmer bridge Trid. Dewloe West S. Dominick East Dounstocke Le. Dosmery poole West Driffe pen. Duckpoole strat Dudman point powd Dulo West Dunacombe strat Dunhevid alias East Daunceston East Dyzarde les E S. Earth East S. Eartham pen. Edith Chappell Trig. Edgcombe East Estorde strat Eglosaile Trig. Egloskerry East Endellion Trig. Enis Kerry Enedor pid Erme powd Erne East Ervan pid Ethy West Eva powd Evall pid F Fawey â—lu Falmouth haven powd Fentongallon powd Feocke powd Forybery Les. Foy Well Les. FOYE powd Foye haven West Frisie Kerry G Garlyn pen. Gennis Les. S. Germans East Germow Kerry Gerrance powd Gillet Les. Gluvyns Kerry Glyman pid Glynford West Gnarnack powd Godolphyn Kerry Godolphyn Hall Ker. Golant powd Golden powd Goon hilly downes Kerry Golsury pen. Grade Kerry GRAMPOUND powd Greston East Gudreny Isle pen. Gulnall pen. Gullrock pen. Gunhaskyn pid Gunwalow Kerry Gunwallaw Mount Kerry Grendron Kerry S. Gurran powd Gwindrath Bay powd Gwinier pen. Gwithion pen. Gwyn Rocke powd Gwynap Kerry H Hacton East Halâ— Flu. Hall VVest Ham strat Harlyn pid Haye East Helegan Trig. Helford Haven Ker. Helland Trig. Helland bridge Trig. Hensbery powd Helset Les. HELSTONE Ker. Helstonford East Hillary pen. Hilston strat Hinckons downe East Hurlers East I Jacobstowe strat Ilcombe strat Illogan pen. S. Johns Kerry S. Johns East S. Islac pid S. ITHIES pen. S. Ithies bay pen. S. Ive East Kern Ivis pen. S. Just powd S. Just pen. K Karnusack pen. S. Keave west Kellington East Kennegy pen. Kenwyn powd Kergoe pid Kern bridge East Kernbray pen. Kerneth powd Karnmargh Beacon pen. Kernsew Kerry Kelstle Kerry Keswell Trig. S. Keverne Kerry S. Kewe Trig. Kibberd pid Kilguh pen. Killiow powd Kilkamton strat Kiliegath west Killigrew powd Kilmarr East Kickleo Ker. Kirthies pen. Armed pen. Knight pen. L Ladocke powd Uny pen. Lalant pen. Lalant pen. Lamchan west Lamorram powd Lamornye point pen. Labren pid Lanbrigan pid Ladew East Landewenak Kerry Landilpe East Lands end pen. Lancaste East Langdon strat Langford strat Langhadern powd Lanhidrocke pid Lanivett pid Lanlyverrye powd Lanno Trig. Lanrake East Lanrest west Lansarllos west Lanteglas Les. Lanteglos west Lanwarnock west Lounce powd Launcells strat LAUNSTON Ea. S. Laurence Trig. Lawannicke East Lawhitton East Lawreth west Lee strat Lean Castle East Lelant pen. Lepperry pid Lesante East Lesnewth Les. Lesterman powd Levan pen. Levethan Trig. Lezante â—ast Lezard Kerry Lezard point Kerry Linkynhorne East Liver Flu. Looburg East west The Lowe Kerry Loo Flu. Lowe East west LOWE West west Ludgnam pen. Luggan pen. Lugion pen. Luland Isle Trig. Port powd Luny powd Luxulian powd LYSKERD we LYSTWITHIEL powd M Mabe Kerry S. Mabyn Trig. Madern pen. Madern pen. Madern Well pen. Magdalen Chappell Kerry Maker East Malader powd Manacka Kerry
the South with Dorset and Hamp-shire and upon the West is confronted against partly by Gloucester and the rest by Somerset-shires 2 The forme thereof is both long and broad for from Inglesham upon Thamesis in the North to Burgat Damarum in the South are thirtie-nine miles the broadest part is from Buttermer Eastward to the Shire-stones in the West being twenty-nine the whole in circumference is one hundred thirty-nine miles 3 For aire it is seated in a temperate Climate both sweet pleasant and wholesome and for soyle saith Iohn of Sarisbury is exceeding fertile and plentifull yea and that with variety 4 The Northerne part which they call North-Wilt-shire riseth up into delectable hils attired with large woods and watered with cleare Rivers whereof Isis is one which soone becometh the most famous in the Land The South part is more even yeelding abundantly grasse and corne and is made the more fruitfull by the Rivers Wily Adder and Avon The midst of this County is most plaine and thereby is knowne and commonly called Salesbury-Plaines and lie so levell indeed that it doth limit the Horizon for hardly can a man see from the one side to the other These Plaines grase an infinite number of sheepe whose fleeces and flesh bring in an yearely revenew to their owners 5 Anciently this County was possessed by the Belgae who are seated by Ptolemy in Hamp-shire Somerset-shire and in this Tract and they as it seemeth by Caesar were of the Belgae in Gaul These as some hold were subdued by Vespasian Lieutenant of the second Legion under Claudius when the foundations of his future greatnesse were in these parts first laid by his many victories over the Britaines And herein surely the Romans seated for besides Yanesburie Trench by tradition held to be his in many other Forts in this Shire the Tract of their footing hath beene left and the stamped Coines of their Emperours found an apparent testimonie of their abode 6 After them the West-Saxons made it a part of their Kingdome whose border was Avon as witnesseth Athelward though the Mercians many times encroched upon them whereby many great battles as Malmsbury tels us betwixt them were fought when in the young yeares of their Heptarchie each sought to enlarge his by the lessening of the next but growne unto more ripenesse they assigned their limits by a great and long ditch crossing thorow the middest of these Plaines which for the wonder therof is supposed by the vulgar to be the worke of the Devil and is called of all Wansdike undoubtedly of Woden the Saxons Ancestor and great reputed God where a little village yet standeth and retaineth to name Wodens-burg At this place in Anno 590. Ceaulin the West-Saxon received such a foyle of the Britaines and his Country-men that he was forced to forsake his Kingdome and to end his dayes in exile becomming a pitifull spectacle even unto his enemies And in this place Ina the West-Saxon joyned Battle with Ceolred the Merciā whence both of them departed with equall losse The like was at Bradford by Kenilwach and Cuthred at Wilton betwixt Egbert and Beornwolfe at Edindon where K. Elfred was vanquisher of the Danes and at Wilton where the Danes wonne the day against him With as bloudy sucesse though not happening by sword was the issue of the Synod assembled at Calne a small Towne in this Countie in the yeare of Christ Jesus 977. where being hotly debating for the single life and against the marriages of the Clergie what wanted by the Word to prove their divorce was supplyed by a Stratagem and that very bloudy for suddenly the main timber brake and downe fell the floore with the Nobles and Prelates the Gentlemen and Commons whereby a great number were hurt and many more slain onely Dunstan the President and mouth for the Monks escaped untouched the Joist whereon his chaire stood remaining most firme which confirmed the sentence of their separations whom God had conjoyned and became the fall and snare of much incontinencie in both sexes 7 The chiefest Citie of this Shire is Salesbury removed from a higher but a far more convenient place whose want of water was not so great in the mother as is supplied and replenished in the daughter every street almost having a River running thorow her middest and for sumptuous and delicate buildings is inferiour to none The Cathedrall a most rich magnificent Church was begun by Richard Poore Bishop and with fourty yeares continuance was raised to her perfect beauty wherein are as many windowes as there are dayes in the yeare as many cast pillars of marble as there are houres in the yeare and as many gates for entrance as there are moneths in the yeare Neither doth this Citie retaine true honour to her selfe but imparteth hers and receiveth honour from others who are entituled Earles of Salesbury whereof eight noble Families have been dignified since the Normans Conquest and now is enjoyed by that most wise and loyall Counsellor Robert Cecill Lord high Treasurer of England and the worthy Patron of the place whereof my selfe am a member This Cities situation is in the degree of Latitude 51.10 minntes and from the first West point observed by Mercator 18. degrees and 31. minutes of Longitude 8 Over this old Salesbury sheweth it selfe where Kenrik overcame the Britains and where Canutus the Dane did great dammge by fire This formerly had been the seat of the Romans as likewise was Lecham as by their Coines digged up is apparant so were Brokenbridge and Cosham the Courts of the Saxon Kings But Fortune long since hath turned her face from all these as lately she did from many ancient and religious foundations planted in this Province whereof Malmesbury was the most famous I will not with Monmouth avouch the foundation thereof unto Mulmutius but by true records from Maidulph a Scot a man of great learning that therein built a Cell and led an Hermits life whereof Beda calleth it the Citie of Maidulph and we by contraction Malmsbury Adelme his disciple and successour built here a faire Monasterie which Athelstan the Monarch richly endowed and left his body after death there to rest Neither hath any graced this more then William her Monk in recording to posterities the Chronicles of our Land concerning both the Church and Common-weale wherein himselfe and wrote those Histories 9 Ambresbury for repute did second this built by Alfritha King Edgar his wife to expiate the sinne of murder which she committed upon young Edward her sonne in Law that hers might be King In this place Queene Eleanor widow to King Henry the third renounced all royall pompe and devoted her selfe unto God in the habit of a Nunne Other places erected for piety were at Salesburie Lacock Stanlege Wilton Ivichurch Farnleg Bradstocke Briopune and Bromhore These
that rightly is termed the Lady of the Sea spreds her saile Whence twice with luckie successe hath beene accomplished the compassing of the vniuersall Globe This Riuer Canutus laying siege against London sought by digging to diuert before him the Danes had done great harmes in the Citie yet was their State recouered by K. Elfred and the Riuer kept her old course notwithstanding that cost In the times of the Normans some ciuill broiles haue bin attempted in this City as in the dayes of K. Iohn whereinto his Barons entred and the Tower yeelded vnto Lewis And againe Wat Tiler herein coÌ„mitted outragious cruelties but was worthily struck down by the Maior slain in Smithfield This Cities graduation for Latitude is the degree 51 45. min. and in Longitude 20. degrees 39. minutes 9 In this County at Bâ—rnet vpon Easter day a bloudy battell was fought betwixt Henry 6. and Edward 4. wherein were slaine one Marques one Earle three Lords with them ten thousand English-men 10 The diuision of this Shire is into seuen Hundreds wherein are seated two Cities foure Market Townes seuenty three Parish-Churches besides them in London where in the Church of Gray-Fryers now called Christ-Church three Queenes lie interred which were Queene Margaret the D. of Philip the hardy King of France second wife to King Edward the first the second was Queene Isabel wife to King Edward the second and D. to Philip the faire King of France and the third was Queene Ioan their daughter maried to Dauid King of Scotland MIDLE-SEX described WITH THE MOST FAMOUS Cities of LONDON and WESTMINSTER HVNDREDS in MIDDLESEX 1 Edmonton 2 Gore 3 Fynnesbury and Wenlaxebarn 4 Osulston 5 Elthorne 6 Istleworth 7 Spelthorne A Acton West Fynnesbury Acton East Fynnesbury Alperton Gâ—re Ascott Elthorne Ashâ—forde Spelthorne Astleham Spelthorne B Baber bridge Spelthorne Fryarne Barnet Fynnesbury Bedfonte West Spelthorne Bedfonte East Spelthorne Bednall Greene Osulston Belsyfe Fynnesbury Bishops hall Osulston Blackwall Osulston Boston Elthorne Braineforde little Elthorne BRAINEFORD West Eltho Breakspeares Elthorne Brent Flu. Brentstore Gore Broken borowes Elthorne Bromesley Osulst. Brompton Fynnesb. Browswell Fynnesb. Burmfeild Edmont Burystreete Edmont C Canons Gore Canbury Fynnesb. Chalcot Fynnesb. Charlton Spelthorn Chelsey Fynnesb. Cheswicke Fynnesb. Childes hill Fynnesbury Clapton Osulston Clarkenwell Osulst. Colham Elthorne Colne Flu. Cony hatch Fynnesb. Coppermill Istleworth Coptehall Osulst. Cowley Elthorne Craneford Elthorne Craneford bridge Elthorne Cruch end Fynnesbury D Daleston hill Fynnesbury Dalis Gore Daneershill Edmont Deane wood Fynnesb. Dogges Isle Osulst. Dormans well Elthorne Dorsey sars Edmont Drayton West Elthorne Driuershill Gore Ducoates Edmont Durance Edmont Durhams Edmont E East end Fynnesb. EDGWARE Gore Edmonton Edmont Edmondstreete Edmont Elynge Fynnesb. Enfeild Edmont Enfeild chase Edmont Eueney farme Spelthor F Feltham Spelthor Feltham hill Spelthor Fincheley Fynnesb. The Fold Edmont Fryain Maner Fynnesb. Fryth Gore Fulham Fynnesbury G Greene hill Gore Greeneford Elthor. Greenestret Edmont Gunnetsbury Fynnes S. Gyles Fynnesb. H Hackney Osulst. Hadley Edmont Halwayes Fynnesb. Hamersinyth Finnesb Hampton Spelthorn Hampton Court Spelthorn Hampsteed Fynnesb. Hamsworth Elthor. Hanford Spelthor Hanworth Spelthorn Hangerwood Fynnesb. Hanwell Elthorn Harefeild Elthorn Harleston greene Fynnesb. Harlington Elthorn Harmondesworth Elthor. Harrow hill Gore Heayes Elthorn Hellingdon little Elthor. Hendon Gore Hendon house Gore Heston Istle Highwood Gore Highgate Fynnesb. Hillingdon little Elthor. Hillingdon great Elthor. Hockesdon Osulst. Hollick Fynnesb. Holly well streete Osulst. Hornesey Fynnesb. The Hospitall Fynnesb. Hunslow Istle Hyde Parke Fynnesb. I S. Iames Fynnesb. Ickenham Elthoâ—n I le of dogges Osulst. Islington Fynnesb. Istleworth Istle K S. Katherins Lon. Lib. Kensingeton Fynnesb. Kenton Gore Kenton Spelthor Kentishtowne Fynnesb. Kickesend Edmont Kingsland Osulst. Kingesbury Gore Kingston wike Spelt Knightsbridge Fynnesb. Kylborne Fynnesb. L Lalâ—ham Spelthorne Littleton Spelthorne Lodge hill Fynnesb. LONDON Ludgraues Edmont Lymehouse Osulst. M Mâ—rybone Fynnesb. Mendon house Gore Merestrete Osulst. Milhill Gore Morehall Elthorn Morehatche Edmont Muckings Edmont Muswell hill Fynnesb. Myle end Osulst. Myms south Edmont N Northhall Lodge Elthorn Nefedon Fynnesb. Newhouse Spelth. Newington Stoke Fynnesb. Newington Fynnes Newington greene Fynnesb. Norcote Eâ—thorne Northall Elthorne North end Fynnesb. Norton folgate Osuâ—st Norwood Elthorne O Oldeford Osuâ—st Osterley Elthorne P Padingwick Fynnesb. Padington Fynnesb. Pancras Fynnesb. Parsons greene Fynnesb. Perrinale Elthorne Pinnes Edmont Ponders end Edmont Popler Osulst. Potters barr Edmont Preston Gore Pynner Gore R Rateclyffe Osulst. Rimslippe Elthorn Roxoey Gore S Safforne hill Fynnesb. Sauthold Elthorn Shackerwell Osulst. Shepperton Spelth. Shorditch Osulst. Southmyns Edmont STANES Spelth. Stanmore great Gore Stanmore little Gore Stanner great Gore Stanschurch Spelth. Stanwell Spelth. Stepney Osulst. Strande Elthor. Stratford bow Osulst. Sudbury Gore Sunbury Spelthor Swaleys Elthorne Syon Elthorne Sypson Elthorne T Tottenham Edmont Tottenham streete Edmont Tottenham high-crosse Edmont Totten Court Fynnesb. Tuddington Spelth. Turnham greene Elthor. Twickenham Istle Twickenham Parke Istle Twyford East Fynnes Twyford West Gore V VXBRIDGE Elthor. Vxenden Gore W Wadhad greene Fynnesb. Waltham crosse Edmont Wapping Osulst. Weald Gore Wemley hill Gore Westborne Fynnesb. WESTMINSTER Westminster Citie Whetstone Fynnesb. Wewrsley Elthorn Whitton Istle Whitwebb Edmont Willesdon Fynnesb. Winchmorhill Edmont Woodhall Gore Worton Istle Wyerhill Edmont ESSEX by the Saxons written East-seaxa and East-sexscife by the Normans Exsessa and by the vulgar Essex is a Countie large in compasse very populous and nothing inferiour to the best of the Land 2 The forme thereof is somewhat circular excepting the East part which shooterh her self with many Promontories into the Sea and from Horsey Island to Haidon in the West the broadest part of the shire are by measure forty miles and the length from East-Ham upon Thamisis in the South to Surmere upon the River Stow in the North are thirtie miles the whole in circumference one hundred fortie six miles 3 It lyeth bounded upon the North with Suffolke and Cambridge-shires upon the West with Hertford and Middlesex upon the South by Thamisis is parted from Kent and the East side thereof is altogether washed with the German Sea 4 The aire is temperate and pleasant only towards the waters somwhat aguish the soil is rich and fruitfull though in some places sandy barren yet so that it never frustrates the Husbandmans hopes or fils not the hands of her Harvest-Labourers but in some part so fertile that after three yeers glebe of Saffron the land for 18. more will yeeld plenty of Barley without either dung or other fatning earth 5 Her ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were by Caesar called the Trinobantes of whom in the former Chapter we have spoken and in our History shall speak more at large But this name perishing with the age of the Empire the Saxons presently framed a new and with Hertford and Middlesex made it their East-Saxons Kingdom untill that Egbert brought this and the whole into an entire and
were by famine and sword wasted to 560. at which time the Earle escaping by Ship his Wise upn composition yeelded the Castle and followed In William Rufus time it was growne famous for Merchandize and concourse of people so that Herbert then translating the Bishopricke from Thetford thither made each of them an ornament to other In variety of times it felt much variety of fortune By fire in Anâ—o 1508. By extreame plagues whereof one in An. 1348. was so outrage us as 57104. are reported to have dyed thereof between the Calends of January and of July By misery of warre as sackâ—d and spoyled by the Earle of Flaunders and Hugh Bigod Anno 1174. In yeelding to Lewis the French against their naturall Lord King Iohn Anno 1216 By the disinherited Barons Anno 1266. By tumult and insurrection between the Citizens and Church-men once about the yeare 1265. which if Henry the third had not come in prison to appease the City was in hazard to be ruined The second time in Anno 1446. for which the Major was deposed and their Liberties for a while seised In Edward the sixths time by Ketts rebellion whose fury chiefly raged against this City Since this it hath flourished with the blessings of Peace Plentie Wealth and Honour so that Alexander Nevil doubteth not to preferre it above all the Cities of England except London It is situate upon the River Hierus in a pleasant valley but on rising ground having on the Last the Hilles and Heath called Mussold for Moss-would as I take it In the seventeeth yeare of King Stephen it was new founded and made a Corporation In Edward the firsts time closed with a faire Wall saving on a part that the River defendeth First governed by foure Bayliffes then by Henry the fourth in Anno 1403. erected into a Majoralty and County the limits whereof now extend to Eaton-bridge At this present it hath about thirty Parishes but in ancient time had many more 6 Lenn having been an ancient Borrough under the government of a Bayliffe or Reve called Praetositus was by King Iohn in the sixt yeare of his Reigne made Liber Burgus and besides the gift of his memorable â—up which to this day honoureth this Corporation endowed with divers faire Liberties King Henry the third in the seventeenth yeare of his Reigne in recompence of their service against the out-lawed Barons in the Isle of Ely enlarged their Charter and granted them further to choose a Major Loco Praepositi unto whom King Henry the eight in the sixteenth yeare of his Reigne added twelve Aldermen a Recorder and other Officers and the bearing of a Sword before the Major But the Towne comming after to the same King he in the nine and twentieth yeare of his Reigne changed the name from Lenn Episcopi to Lenn Regis 7 Yarmouth is the Key of the Coast named and seated by the mouth of the River Yere Begun in the time of the Danes and by small accessions growing populous made a Corporation under two Bayliffes by King Henry the third and by his Charter about the fifteenth yeare of his Reigne walled It is an ancient member of the Cinque Ports very well built and fortified having only one Church but faire and large founded by Bishop Herbert in William Rufus dayes It maintaineth a Peere against the Sea at the yearely charge of five hundred pound or thereabout yet hath it no possessions as other Corporations but like the children of Aeolus and Thetis Maria 4. ventos as an Inquisitour findeth Anno 10. Henry third There is yearely in September the worthiest Herring-fishing in Europe which draweth great concourse of people and maketh the Towne much the richer all the yeare but very unsavoury for the time The Inhabitants are so courteous as they have long held a custome to feast all persons of worth repairing to their Towne 8 The Bishoprik of Norwich had first her seat at Dunwich in Suffolke and was there begun by Foelix who converted this County and the East-Angles to the Faith Being brought out of Burgundy by Sigebert the first Christian King of the East-Angles he landed at Baâ—ingley by Lenn and there builded the first Church of these Countries which in his memory is at this day called by his Name The second he built at Sharnbourn then of wood and therefore called Stock-Chappell After Foelix and three of his Successours this Bishoprick was divided into two Sets the one with eleven Bishops in sucession continuing at Dunwich the other with twelve at Elmham in Northfolke Then united againe in the time of King Edwyn the entire See for twelve other Bishops remained at Elmham and in the Conquerours time was by his Chaplaine Arfustus being the thirteenth translated to Thetford from thence by Herbert his next successour save one bought of William Rufus for nineteene hundred pounds and brought to Norwich This Herbert surnamed Losinga a Norman builded the Cathedrall Church there and endowed it with large possessions Not far from thence hee also builded another Church to S. Leonard a third at Elmham a fourth at Lenn S. Margarets a very faire one and the fifth at Yarmouth before mentioned By the Cathedrall Church he builded a Palace for the Bishops and founded the Priory there now converted to Deane and Chapter and another Priory at Thetford Since his time the Bishops See hath immoveably remained at Norwich but the ancient Possessions are severed from it and in lieu thereof the Abbey and Lands of S. Benedict of Holme annexed to it The Commodities of this County I have contained in these foure Verses Ingenio populi cultu Norfolcia clara est Hinc fluviis illinc Insula clausa mari Quaratis vellus frumenta cuniculus agnus Lac scatet pisces pabula mella crocus This Description of Northfolke I received from the Right Worshipfull Sir HENRY SPELMAN Knight NORFOLK WITH THE A COVNTIE ARMES OF SVCH FLORISHING NOBLE FAMILES POPVLOVS AS HAVE BORNE DESCRIBED THE TITLES AND DEVIDED THEROF WITH THE ARMES OF SVCH NOBLE FAMILES AS HAVE BORNE THE TITLES THEROF HVNDREDâ— in Northfolke 1. SMethdon 2. Brothercrosse 3. North-Grenchoe 4. Hâ—lse 5. North Erpingham 6. Tunstad 7. Happing 8. West-Flegg 9. Blowseâ—ld 10. Tavarham 11. south-Erpingham 12. Eynsford 13. Gallowe 14. Frâ—cbridge 15. Laundiche 16. Mitsorde 17. Forchoce 18. Humbleyarde 19. Heustead 20. Lod. 21. Claveâ—â—ng 22. Earsham 23. Depwarde 24. Dysse 25. Gyltcrosse 26. Shorpham 27. Waylond 28. South-Grenchoe 29. Walsham 30. Claâ—kelosse 31. Grymshooc A Accle Blow Aileswythorpe Frâ—cb Alby Southerpe Albuâ—rough Norther Alburghe Earsh Aldeby clav Alderford Eyns Alpington clav Althorpe Gal. Anmer Frâ—cb Antingham Norther Appleton Frâ—cb Armingale Henst. Ashby Flâ—g Ashby clav Ashill Wayl Ashmonhangle Tuns Ashwelthorp Depw. Aslacton Depw. Attlebridge Tavâ—r Attleburgh sâ—rop AYLâ—SHAM S. Er. Aylmerton Norther B Baconsthorp southe Bagthorpe Gal. Banham Gyl Baningham souther Barford Forc Barmer Gal. Barney Norther Barneham Forc Barningham Northwood N E
was no place for Schollers to be in Warres loud Alarums ill consorting the Muses milde Harmonies Yet when the Normans had got the Garland on their heads these Danish stormes turned into Sun-shine dayes Gislebert the Monk with Odo Terricus and William all three of the like Monasticall Profession in the reigne of K. Henry the first resorted unto this place and in a publike Barne read the Lectures of Grammar Logick and Rhetoricke and Gistebert Divinitie upon the Sabbath and Festivall dayes From this little fountaine saith Peter Blessensis grew a great River which made all England fruitfull by the many Masters and Teachers proceeding out of Cambridge as out of a holy Paradise of God The first Colledge therein endowed with Possessions was Peter-house built by Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely in the yeer of Grace 1284. whose godly example many others followed so that at this day there are sixteen most stately Colledges and Hals for building beautie endowments store of Students so replenished that unlesse it be in her other Sister Oxford the like are not found in all Europe But at what time it was made an Vniversitie let Robert de Remyngton tell you for me In the Reigne saith he of King Edward the First Grantbridge of a Schoole by the court of Rome was made an Vniversitie such as Oxford is Lastly the Meridian line cutting the Zenith over this Citie is distant from the furthest West-point according to Mercator 20. degrees 50. scruples and the Arch of the same Meridian lying betweene the Aequator and Verticall-point is 52. degrees 20. scruples 5 Another Citie formerly in great fame is Ely by the Saxons Eliâ— had in account for the repute and holinesse of Votary Nunnes there residing built first by Audrey wife to one Tombret a Prince in this Province who had this place as a part of her Dowrie she having departed from her second Husband Egbert King of Northumberland devoted herself to the service of God and built here a Monastery whereof she became the first Abbesse This in the Danish desolation was destroyed but soone after reedified by Ethelwâ—ld Bishop of Winchester who stored it with Monks unto whom King Edgar granted the jurisdiction over foure Hundreds and a halfe within these Fennes and the East-Angles limits which to this day are called The Liberties of S. Audrey after whose example many Nobles so enriched it with large Revenews that as Malmesbury saith the Abbot thereof laid up yeerely in his owne Coffers a thousand and foure hundred pounds And of latter times the Monks therof became so wealthy that their old decaied Church they renued with new most stately buildings which is now the Cathedrall of the Diocesse and for beauty giveth place to no other in the Land Eight other foundations set apart from secular use in this Province were at Thorney Charteres Denny Elsey Beach Barnwel Swasey and Shengey all which in the dayes of King Henry the Eight came to the period of their surpassing wealth and left their Lands to the dispose of his Will 6 The generall commoditie of this Shire is Corn which in the South and Champion part doth abundantly grow as also Saffron a very rich Spice Some Woods are there and Pasture both pleasant and profitable The North part thereof is Fenny but withall fruitfull whereof Henry of Hâ—ntington and William of Malmesbury thus do write This Fenny Country is passing rich and plenteous yea and beautifull also to behold wherein is so great store of fish that strangers doe wonder and water-fowle so cheape that five men may therewith be satisfied with lâ—sse then an halfe-penny 7 Places of ancient note in this Shire are these the Erminstreet-way which upoÌ„ the lower west parts of this Countie thorow Roiston runneth forthright unto Huntingdon And from Reach a Market-Towne standing neer to the River Came a great Ditch and Trench is cast all along New-Market-Heath which for the wonder conceived thereat is of the vulgar called The Devils ditch being in truth made for a defence against the Mercians by the East-Angles whose Kingdome is inverged The Gogmagog hils neere Cambridge retaine the remembrance of the Danish Station where as yet on their tops is seen a Rampire strengthned with a three-fold Trench whereof Gervase of Tilbury tels us many a prety Tale. 8 This Shire is divided into seventeen Hundreds wherein are seated eight Market-Towns and hath bin strengthened with seven Castles and God divinely honoured in 163. Parish-Churches CAMBRIDGSHIRE described with the deuision of the hundreds the Townes situation with the Armes of the Colleges of that famous Vniuersiti ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Cambridge-shire HVNDREDS in Cambridge-shire 1. VVIsbich 2. Wichford 3. Ely 4. Staplehoo 5. Chevelie 6. Stane 7. Northstoe 8. Papworth 9. Chesterton 10. Flendishe 11. Radfeild 12. Chilford 13. Whittlesford 14. Thryplow 15. Wetherley 16. Stowe 17. Armingford A Abington Arming Abington great Chil. Abington little Chil. Arrington Weth Ashley Cheu Aure VVich Audrey causey North. B Badburham Chil. Badlingham Staple Balsham Rad. Barrington VVeth Bartlowe Chil. Barton VVether Bassingborne Arm. Bedelthey Ely Brame Ely Brinckley Rad. Bottisham Stane Bourne Stowe Boxworth Pap. Burrow Rad. Burwells Staple C Cam Flu. Caldecott Stowe CAMBRIDGE Flend Castle Camps Chil. Shady Camps Chil. Carleton Rad. Catlidge Cheu Caxton Stowe The Chare VVich Chatteris VVich Chesterton Chest. Chetcham Ely Chevely Cheve Childerley Chest. Chippenham Stap. Clopton VVether Clowcrosse VVich Colham VVich Weston Colvill Rad. Comberton VVether Conyngton Pap. Copthall Ely Cottenham Chest. Cottenham North. Coveney VVich Crawden Arming Croxton Stowe D Ditton Flend Wood Ditton Cheve Dixford VVhittlesf Denny North. Doddington VVich Downham Ely Dowsdale VVis Drayton fenne Pap. Dry Drayton Chest. Dullingham Rad. E East great Stowe Eldernall VVich Elme VVis Elsworth Pap. Eltisley Stowe ELY Ely Erith causey VVich Eversden great Stowe Eversden little Stowe F Fordham Stap. Forton Thryp. Fowlmere Thryp. The Frith dike VVich Fulburne little Flend Fulburne great Flend G Gamlinghey Stowe Gaton Chest. Girton North. Gogmagog hils Flend Granceter VVether Gransden parva Stowe Gransden magna Stowe Graveley Pap. Gyherne VVis H Haddenham VVich Hardwick Stowe Harimere chap VVis Harlston Thryp. Harlton VVether Hastingfield VVeth Hatley East Arming Hatley S. George Stowe Hawxton Thryp. Hildersham Chil. Hinxton VVich Hobbes house VVis Hogginton North. Hormingsey Flend Horsheathe Chil. Cherry Hynton Flend Hystons Chest. I Ickleton VVic Impington North. Isellham Stap. K Kennitt Stap. Kingstone Stowe Knapwell Pap. Knesworth Arming Kyrtling Cheu L Landbeach North. Landwade Stap. New Leame VVic Watersey Leame VVis Leverington VVis Litlington Arming LITTLEPORT Ely Lowleworth North. LYNTON Chil. M Maddingley North. Maden lode Ely Maney VVich S. Maries Wis. Melborne Arming Melreth Arming Mepole Wich Mershe Wich Milton North. Gilden Morden Arming Steple Morden Arming N Newbernes Ely NEWMARKET Che. Newmarket-heath Che Newton Thryp. Newton Wis. Norney Ely O Ouse Flu. Owre
Wales And upon what ground I know not let Lawyers dispute it the Inhabitants in some part of this Shire enjoy a private custome to this day that the goods and lands of Condemned Persons fall unto the Crown but only for a Yeare and a Day and then returne to the next Heyres contrary to the custome of all England besides 5 The generall Commodities of this Shire are Corne Iron and Wools all passing fine besides Pasturage Fruits and Woods which last are much lessened by making of Iron the only bane of Oke Elme and Beech. 6 These with all other provisions are traded thorow twenty five Market-Townes in this County whereof two are Cities of no small import The first is Glocester from whom the Shire taketh name seated upon Severne neere the middest of this Shire by Antonine the Emperour called Glevum built first by the Romans and set as it were upon the necke of the Silures to yoke them where their Legion called Colonia Glevum lay It hath been walled about excepting that part that is defended by the River the ruines whereof in many places appeare and some part yet standing doth well witnesse their strength This City was first won from the Britaine 's by Cheulin the first King of the West-Saxons about the yeare of Christ 570. and afterwards under the Mercians it flourished with great honour where Osrik King of Northumberland by the sufferance of Erhelred of Mercia founded a most stately Monastery of Nuns whereof Kineburgh Eadburgh and Eve Queenes of the Mercians were Prioresses successively each after other 7 Edelfled a most renowned Lady Sister to King Edward the elder in this City built a faire Church wherein her self was interred which being overthrowne by the Danes was afterwards rebuilt and made the Cathedrall of that See dedicated unto the honour of Saint Peter In this Church the unfortunate Prince King Edward the second under a Monument of Alablaster doth lye who being murdered at Barkley Castle by the cruelty of French Isabel his wife was there intombed And not far from him another Prince as unfortunate namely Robert Curthose the eldest sonne of William the Conquerour lyeth in a painted woodden Tombe in the middest of the Quire whose eyes were pluckt out in Cardiffe Castle wherein he was kept prisoner twenty six yeares with all contumelious indignities untill through extreame anguish he ended his life And before any of these in this City say our British Historians the body of Lucius our first Christian King was interred and before his dayes the Britaines Arviragus The graduation of this County I observe from this City whence the Pole is elevated in the degree of Latitude 52. and 14. minutes and in the Longitude from the West 18. and 5. minutes 8 The other City is Bristow faire but not very ancient built upon the Rivers Avon and Froâ—me for trade of Merchandize a second London and for beauty and account next unto Yorke This City standeth partly in this County and partly in Sommerset-shire but being a County of it selfe will acknowledge subjection to neither 9 A City more ancient hath been Circester by Ptolemy called Cerinium by Antonine Durocornovium by Giraldus Passerum Vrbem The Sparrowes City upon a flying report that Gurmund a Tyrant from Africke besieging this City tyed fire unto the wings of Sparrowes who lighting in the Towne upon light matter set flame upon all The circuit of whose walls extended two miles about wherein the Consular Port or wayes of the Romans met and crossed each other This City was won from the Britaine 's by Cheulin first King of the West-Saxons afterwards it was possessed by the Mercians and lastly by the Danes under Gurmund the former no doubt mistaken for him wherein a rable of them kept the space of a yeare Anno 879. and never since inhabited according to the circuit of her walles 10 Places of memorable note are these the Iland Alney neere unto Glocester wherein Edmund Iron-side the English and Canutus the Dane after many battels and blood fought in single combat hand in hand alone untill they compounded for the Kingdomes partition Barkley Castle where King Edward the second was thorow his fundament run into his bowels with a red burning Spit Tewkesbury the fatall period of King Henry the sixt his government and the wound of the Lancastrian Cause for in a battell there fought in Anno 1471. Prince Edward the only son of King Henry had his braines dashed out in a most shamefull manner the Queen his Mother taken prisoner and most of their favourites slaine and beheaded And at Alderley a little Towne standing eight miles from the Severne upon the hilles to this day are found Cockles Periwinkles and Oysters of solid stone which whether they have been Shel-fish and living creatures or else the sports of Nature in her workes let the Naturall Philosophers dispute of and judge 11 The places of piety set apart from other worldly Services and dedicated to religious uses by the devotions of Princes erected in this Shire were Tewkesbury Deorhust Glocester Minching Barkley Kingswood Circester Winchcombe and Hales which last was built with great cost by Richard Earle of Cornwall King of the Romans wherein himselfe and his Dutchesse were interred Their son Earle Edmund brought out of Germany the blood of Hales supposed and said to be part of that which Christ shed upon his Crosse. In this place with great confluence and devotions of Pilgrimage it was sought to and worshipped till time proved it a meere counterfeit when the glorious light of the Gospell revealed to eye-sight such grosse Idolatries and the skirts of Superstition were turned up to the shew of her owne shame 12 Dukes and Earles that have borne the title of Glocester the first of every Family are by their Armes and Names within the Card expressed ever fatall to her Dukes though the greatest in blood and birth The first was Thomas Woodstocke son to King Edward the third who in Callis was smoothered in a Feather-bed to death The second was Humfrey brother to King Henry the fift by the fraudulent practise of the malignant Cardinall and Queen made away at Saint Edmundsbury And the last was Richard brother to King Edward the fourth who by the just hand of God was cut off in battell by King Henry the seventh 13 This Shires division is principally into foure parts subdivided into thirty Hundreds and them againe into two hundred and eighty Parish-Churches whose names are inserted in the Table upon the other part of this Card. GLOCESTERSHIRE contriued into thirty thre seuerall hundreds those againe in to foure principall deuisions The Citie of Glocester Bristow discribed with the armes of such noble men as haue bene dignified with the titlles of Earles Dukes therof HUNDREDS in Glocester-shire 1. BErkley 2. Grombaldashe 3. Langley and Swinshed 4. Thornebury 5. Henbury 6. Pockle-Church 7. Kings Barton 8.
good Peatling great good Peckleton spar Pickering grange spar Pickwell gart Plungar fram Prestwold east Q Quarendon west Quenby east Quenyborowe east R Ragdale east Ratbye spar Ratcliffe culie spar Ratcliffe upon Wreake east Raunston in Darbysh west Rearsbie east Redmore spar Redmyle fram King Richards feild spar Rodeley west Rotherby east Rowlston gart S Saddington gart Saltbie fram Sapcote spar Saxbie fram Saxulbie east Scallford fram Scechesley spar Scraptoste gart Segrave east Sence flu Sewsterne fram Seyston east Shakerston spar Shankton gart Sharnford spar Shawell good Shaxton spar Sheepie little spar Sheepie great spar Shenton spar Sheepes head west Sheresbye good Shilton spar Shouldby east Sibston spar Skeffington east Slawston gart Smeeto gart Snarston spar Snibston west Snyte flu Sproxton fram Stanton spar Stanton harold west Stanton wyvell gart Stanton under Barton spar Stapleford fram Stapleton spar Stathorne fram Stoke golding spar Stokerston gart Stonesbie fram Stony Stanton spar Stoure flu Stowghton gart Stretton great gart Stretton little gart Sumerbee fram Sutton good Sutton chenney spar Swannington west Swebston west Swift flu Swinford good Swithland west Sylebye east Sysesore east Sysonbee fram T Temple spar Theddingworth gart Thornton spar Thorpacre west Thorpe good Thorpe Arnold fram Thorpe sachfeld east Thrinkston west Thurcaston west Thurlston spar Thurmaston east Thurnby gart Thussington east Tilton east Toly Parke spar Tonge west Trent flu Tugby east Thurlancton gart Twicrosse spar Twyford east V Vlvescrosse Abbey west Vllesthorne good Vlveston gart Vpton spar W Walcot good WALTHAM on the wowld fram Walton good Walton on the wowld east Wanlipp west Wartnabie east Welbie fram Welham gart Welland flu Welsborow spar Westerby gart Wetherlye spar Whalton long west Wheston good Whittington grange spar Whitwike west Wigston little good VVigston great good VVikeham fram VVikin spar VVilloughbye waterlesse good VVilston west VViston gart VVithcorke fram VViverby fram VVoodhouse west VVorthington west VVreake flu VVykin east VVymondham fram VVynaswold east Y Ybstocke spar LINCOLN-SHIRE CHAPTER XXXII THe County of Lincolne by the English-Saxons called Lincoll-scyre and by the Normans Nicolshire is confined on the North with Humber on the East with the Germane Ocean upon the South is parted from Cambridge and Northamptonshire by the River Nine and on the West from Nottingham and Yorke-shires by Dun and Trent 2 The length of this Province extended from Barton upon Humber in the North unto Stanford upon the River Nine in the South are miles by our English measure fifty-five and the bredth thereof from Newton in the VVest stretched unto Winthorp upon her East Sea containeth thirty five The whole in circumference about one hundred and eighty miles 3 The Ayre upon the East and South part is both thicke and foggy by reason of the Fennes and unsolute grounds but therewithall very moderate and pleasing Her graduation being removed from the Equator to the degree of 53. and the windes that are sent of her still working Seas doe disperse those vapours from all power of hurt 4 The forme of this Countie doth somewhat resemble the body of a Lute whose East coasts lye bowe-like into the Germane Ocean all along pestered with in-lets of salt waters and sands which are neither firme nor safe for travellers as those in the South proved unto K. Iohn who marching Northward from Northfolke against his disloyall Barons upon those washes lost all his furniture and carriage by the sudden returne of the Sea and softnesse of the Sands 5 Her Soile upon the West and North is abundantly fertile pleasant and rich stored with pasturage areable and meadowing grounds the East and South Fenny and blackish and for Corne barren but for Fowle and Fish exceeding any other in the Realme wherein at some times and seasons of the yeere hath beene taken in nets in August at one draught above three thousand Mallards and other Fowles of the like kinde 6 The Shires commodities consist chiefly in Corne Cattle Fish Fowle Flax and Alablaster as also in a Plaister much esteemed of by the Romans for their works of Imagerie and whereof Pliny in his naturall History maketh mention And the Astroites a precious stone Star-like pointed with five beames or rayes anciently esteemed for their vertue in victories upon the South-west of this County neere Bever are found not far thence in our Fathers memory at Harlaxton was ploughed up a brasen vessel wherein was inclosed a golden Helmet of an ancient fashion set with precious stones which was presented to Katharin of Spain Wife and Dowager to King Henry the Eight 7 This Shire triumpheth in the births of Beaucleark King Henry the First whom Selby brought forth and of King Henry the Fourth at Bullingbrooke born but may as justly lament for the death of King Iohn herein poysoned by Simon a Monk of Swynsted Abby and of Queene Eleanor wife to King Edward the First the mirrour of wedlocke and love to the Commons who at Hardby neere Bullingbrooke his birth-place ended her life 8 Trade and commerce for provision of life is vented thorow thirtie one Market-Townes in this Shire wherof Lincolne the Counties namer is chiefe by Ptolemie and Antonine called Lindum by Beda Linde-collina by the Saxons Linoo collyne and by the Normans Nichol. Very ancient it is and hath beene more magnificall as by her many over-turned ruines doth appeare and farre more populous as by Domesdayes book is seene where it is recorded that this Citie contained a thousand and seven Mansions and nine hundred Burgesses with twelve Lage-men having Sac and Soc. And in the Normans time saith Malmesburie it was one of the best peopled Cities of England being a place for trafficke of Merchandise for all commers by Land or Sea Herein King Edward the Third ordained his Staple for the Mart of Wools Leather and Lead and no lesse then fiftie Parish-Churches did beautifie the same but now containeth onely fifteen besides the Cathedrall Some ruines yet remaine both of Frieries and Nunneries who lye now buried in their owne ashes and the Citie conquered not by warre but by time and very age and yet hath she not escaped the calamitie of sword as in the time of the Saxons whence Arthur enforced their Hoâ—t the like also did Edmund to the destroying Danes by the Normans it suffered some dammage where King Stephen was vanquished and taken prisoner and againe by the Third Henry who assaulted and wan it from his rebellious Barons By fire likewise it was sore defaced wherein not onely the buildings were consumed but withall many men and women in the violence thereof perished as also by an Earthquake her foundation was much weakened and shaken wherein the faire Cathedral Church dedicated to the Virgin of Virgins was rent in pieces The government of this Citie is committed yeerely to a Maior two Sheriffes twelve Aldermen in Scarlet a Sword a Hat of estate a Recorder Sword-bearer and foure Sergeants with Maces
Vppington b. south Vpton great b. south Vpton Creslet stot W Wall mun Wallford pim Wallopp ford Walcot chir Walcot b. south Walcot purs Walliborne ford Walton chir Walton b. north Walton wen. Wambridge b. south Warren flu Waters Vpton b. sou Watlesborough for Watlingstreet b. sou Weenyngton ford Welbeche cond WELLINGTON Wellington forrest b. sou Wem b. north Wenlock lit e wen. WENLOCK GREAT wen. Wentner purs Westbury ford Westhoppe mun Westley ford Westley cond Weston pim Weston b. north Weston purs Weston chir Weston oswest. Weston chappel wen. Wettleton mun Wheat naston Whelbache cond Whettle stot Whichcot chappell o. Whitcott kysett clun Whitcott yevan clun Whitbatche purs Whitcott purs WHITCHVRCH Whittinslaw purs Whittington oswest. Whitton over Whixall b. north Wigwigge wen. Wike wen. VVikey oswest. VVillaston b. north Willaston great for VVislcott pim VVire forrest stot VVistanton purs VVistanslow purs Withiford great b. n. VVobury stot VVolston oswest. VVoodcote shrew VVoodcott b. south VVooderton chir VVoodhouseâ— b. sou VVoodhouses oswest. Old VVoodhouses b. n. VVoodlands b. nor VVoodseves b. north VVooferton mun VVooslaston cond VVorse flu VVorthyn chir VVorvill brym VVotton oswest. VVrekin hill b. south VVrentnall ford VVrockerdyne b. so VVullerton b. north VVulston mun VVygmore ford VVyllmyngton chir VVyllye wen. VVynsbury chir VVythington b. sout VVytton ford Y Yernstree parke mun Yockleton ford CHESSE-SHIRE by the Saxons written Cester-scyre and now the County Palatine of CHESTER is parted upon the North from Lanca-shire with the River Mercey upon the East by Mercey Goit and the Daâ—e is separated from Darby and Stafford-shires upon the South toucheth the Counties of Shrop-shire and Flint and upon the West with Dee is parted from Denbigh-shire 2 The forme of this County doth much resemble the right wing of an Eagle spreading it selfe from Wirall and as it were with her pinion or first feather toucheth York-shire betwixt which extremes in following the windings of the Shires divider from East to West are 47. miles and from North to South 26. The whole circumference about one hundred forty two miles 3 If the affection to my naturall producer blind not the judgement of this my Survey for aire and soile it equals the best and farre exceeds her neighbours the next Counties for although the Climate be cold and toucheth the degree of Latitude 54 yet the warmth from the Irish Seas melteth the Snow and dissolveth the Ice sooner there then in those parts that are further off and so wholesome for life that the Inhabitants generally attaine to many yeares 4 The Soile is fat fruitfull and rich yeelding abundantly both profit and pleasures of man The Champion grounds make glad the hearts of their Tillers the Medowes imbrodered with divers sweet smelling flowers and the Pastures make the Kines udders to strout to the paile from whom and wherein the best Cheese of all Europe is made 5 The ancient Inhabitants were the CORNAVII who with Warwickeshire Worcester-shire Stafford-shire and Shrop-shire spread themselves further into this Countie as in Ptolomy is placed and the CANGI likewise if they be the Ceangi whose remembrance was found upon the shore of this Shire on the surface of certaine pieces of Lead in this manner inscribed IMP. DOMIT. AUG GER DE CEANG. These Cangi were subdued by P. Ostorius Scapula immediatly before his great victory against Caractacus where in the mouth of Deva he built a Fortresse at the back of the Ordovices to restraine their power which was great in those parts in the reign of Vespasian the Emperour But after the departure of the Romans this Province became a portion of the Saxon Mercians Kingdom notwithstanding saith Ran. Higden the City it selfe was held by the Britaine 's untill all fell into the Monarchy of Egbert Of the dispositions of the since Inhabitants heare Lucian the Monk who lived presently after the Conquest speak They are found saith he to differ from the rest of the English partly better and partly equall In feasting they are friendly at me at cheerfull in entertainment liberall soone angry and soone pacified lavish in words impatient of servitude mercifull to the afflicted compassionate to the poore kind to their kindred spary of labour void of dissimulation not greedy in eating and far from dangerous practises And let me adde thus much which Lucian could not namely that this Shire hath never been stained with the blot of rebellion but ever stood true to their King and his Crowne whose loyalty Richard the second so farre found and esteemed that hee held his Person most safe among them and by authority of Parliament made the County to be a Principality and stiled himselfe Prince of Chester King Henry the third gave it to his eldest sonne Prince Edward against whom Lewlyn Prince of Wales 〈…〉 mighty Band and with them did the Coun 〈…〉 even unto the Cities gates With the 〈…〉 it had oft-times been affrighted which th 〈…〉 â—efenced with a Wall made of the Welshmens 〈◊〉 on the South-side of Dee in Hanbridge The Shire may well be said to be a Seed-plot of Gentilitie and the producer of many most ancient and Worthy Families neither hath any brought more men of valour into the Field then Chesse-shire hath done who by a generall speech are to this day called The chiefe of men and for Natures endowments besides their noblenesse of mindes may compare with any other Nation in the world their limbs straight and well-composed their complexions faire with a chearefull countenance and the Women for grace feature and boâ—nty inferiour unto none 6 The Commodity of this Province by the report of Ranulphus the Monke of Chester are chiefly Corn Cattle Fish Fowle Salt Mines Metals Meares and Rivers whereof the bankes of Dee in her West and the Vale-Royall in her midst for fruitfulnesse of pasturage equals any other in the Land either in graine or gaine from the Cow 7 These with all other provision for life are traded thorow thirteeâ—e Market-Townes in this Shire whereof Chester is the fairest from whom the Shire hath the name A City raised from the Fort of Osterius Lieutenant of Britaine for Claudius the Emperour whither the twentieth Legion named Victrix were sent by Galba to restraine the Britains but growne themselves out of order Iulius Agricola was appointed their Generall by Vespasian as appeareth by Monies then minted and there found and from them no doubt by the Britaine 's the place was called Caer Legion by Ptolemy Deunana by Antonine Deva by the Saxons Legea-cesder and now by us West-chester but Henry Bradshaw will have it built before Brute by the Giant Leon Gaver a man beyond the Moone and called by Marius the vanquisher of the Picts Over Deva or Dee a faire stone-bridge leadeth built upon eight Arches at either end whereof is a Gate from whence in a long Quadren-wise the wals doe incompasse the City high
in their customes and conditions they come neerer the civill fashions of the English Other matters of moment I finde not worthy to be recorded It hath ten Parishes and one Market Towne being also a Haven and is called S. Peters Port built close by the Peere and Castle Cornet IERSEY THe two Ilands Iersey and Garnsey being the only remaines of the Dukedome of Normandie that in former times many yeers together was in the possession and under the command of the Kings of England annexing therunto a large territory and glorious title to the Crowne are both seated in the Sea called Mare Britannicum the Ocean parting them a good distant asunder and are now both adjuncts and within the circuit of Hampshire For the first being the Isle of Iersey it lyeth upon the British Sea having on the North parts the Coast of Hampshire and on the South the Countrie of Normandie 2 This Iland is long not much unlike the fashion of an egge It containes in length from Sentwon Poole upon the West to Mount Orguil Castle on the East ten miles and in bredth from Dubon Point to Plymount bay six miles the whole circuit of the Iland being thirtie eight miles It is distant from a little Iland called Alderney about foure leagues It was in old time called Caesarea whether from Iulius Octavius or any the other Caesars that followed is unknown But the French-men have by corruption of speech long time called it Iersey 3 It is a very delightsome and healthfull Iland and giveth a pleasant aspect unto the seas It lyeth South-ward not farre from a craggy ridge of rocks which is much feared of the Mariners and makes the passage that way very dangerous howbeit it serves for a forcible defence against Pirats or any strangers that attempt invasion and they are termed Casquets 4 The Soile is very fertile bringing forth store of Corn and Cattle but especially of Sheep that are of reasonable bignesse the most of them bearing foure hornes a peece Their wooll very fine and white of which the Inhabitants make their Jersey Stockings which are ordinarily to be had in most parts of England and yeeld a great commoditie unto the Iland 5 The first originall of the Inhabitants sprung either from the Normans or Britains or both They speake French though after a corrupt manner and have continued their names language customes and Countrey without any or little intermixture these many hundred yeers having been under the jurisdiction of the English ever since the untimely and unnaturall death of Robert Duke of Normandie eldest sonne to William the Conquerour 6 The people of this Countrey live very pleasantly as well by the profits of the Land as the helps and furtherances of the Sea that yeelds unto them and especially in Summer season great store of fish but principally Conger and Lobsters the greatest and fattest upon the coast of England Wood is very scant for their best fuell is Turfe some Coale they have brought unto them but it is very deare straw furre and ferne serving their ordinary uses The middle part of the Iland hath many prety Hils rising in it yeelding a delightfull object unto the vallies that receive from one another a mutuall pleasure 7 The Governour of the I le is the Captaine thereof who appointeth certaine Officers under him the principall of whom carrieth the name and title of a Bailiffe that in civill causes hath the assistance of twelve Jurats to determine of differences and minister Justice in criminall matters seven in matters of reason and conscience five Their twelve are chosen out of the twelve Parishes so that no man goeth further to complaine then to his own Jurate in ordinary controversies but matters of moment and difficultie are determined before the Bailiffe in a generall meeting 8 This I le hath two little Ilands adjacent the one S. Albons the other Hillary Iland It hath twelve Parishes and foure Castles No other Monuments of name or note THE SECOND BOOKE Containing THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES DELIVERING An exact Topographie of the COUNTIES Divisions of their CANTREVES and COMMOTS Descriptions of their CITIES and Shire-TOVVNES WITH A COMPENDIOVS RELATION OF THINGS MOST MEMORABLE IN EVERY OF THEM Performed BY JOHN SPEED LONDON Printed by Iohn Legatt for William Humble 1646. Cum Privilegio DIEV ET MON DROIT ✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MAL ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚ A Catalogue of such Princes sprung from THE ROYALL STEMME OF THE ENGLISH KINGS AS HAVE BEENE Entituled PRINCES OF WALES since the time of that Countries last Conquest and first voluntary subjection under King EDVVARD the First 1 Edward Carnarvon named afterwards Edward 2. son to K. Edward 1. 2 Edward of Windsor afterwards Edward the third 3 Edward the Black Prince sonne to K. Edward 3. 4 Richard of Burdeux sonne to the Black Prince afterwards R. 2. 5 Henry of Monmouth sonne to Henry 4. afterwards H. 5. 6 Henry of Windsor the sonne of Henry 5. afterwards H. 6. 7 Edward of Westminster the sonne of K. H. 6. 8 Edward of Westminster the sonne of K. Edw. 4. 9 Edward the sonne of K. Richard the third 10 Arthur the sonne of K. Henry the seventh 11 Henry the sonne of K. H. 7. afterwards K. H. 8. 12 Edward the sonne of H. 8. afterwards K. Edw. 6. 13 Mary the daughter of K. H. 8. 14 Elizabeth the daughter of K. H. 8. 15 HENRY the sonne of K. IAMES our Soveraigne THE NAMES OF THE COVNTIES IN WALES AS THEY ARE NOVV NVMBRED AND ANNEXED VNTO THE ENGLISH Crowne in such order as we have described them 1 Pembroke-shire 2 Caermarden-shire 3 Glamorgan-shire 4 Brecknock-shire 5 Radnor-shire 6 Cardigan-shire 7 Mountgomery-shire 8 Merioneth-shire 9 Denbigh-shire 10 Flint-shire 11 Caernarvon-shire 12 Anglesey Isle THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION AND SEVERALL DIVISIONS OF THE PRINCIPALITIE OF WALES ANtiquitie hath avouched that the whole Isle of Britaine was divided into three parts The first and fairest lay contained within the French Seas the Rivers of Severne Dee and Humber called then Lhoyger which name it â—â—t retaineth in Weâ—sh in English called England The second part occupied all the Land North-ward from Humber to the Orkney Sea called by the Latines Mare Caleâ—nium or Deucalidonium now famously known by the name of Scotland The third part was this lying betwixt the Irish Seas the Rivers Severne and Dee and was called Cambria which name doth yet continue with them though we the English call it Wales as the people Welshmen which is strange and strangers for so at this day the dwellers of Tyroll in the higher Germany whence our Saxons are said to have come doe name the Italian their next neighbour a Welsh-man and his language Welsh 2 This opinion Verstegan doth altogether contradict rather judging by the ancient Teutonicke tongue which the Germans spake and wherein the G is pronounced for W that these Saxons called them Gallish from the Gaules whence their originall proceeded rather then Wallish from
Church of the new City which he raised out of the ruines of the old and is now called Caernarvon which giveth name to this whole Shire The Towne it selfe yeeldeth a most excellent prospect towards the Sea and is incompassed in a manner round with the walls of the Castle so as we may say it is a City within a Castle which taketh up the whole West-side of it and great pity it is that so famous a worke should not be perpetuous or ever become the ruin of time which is much feared for the mercilesse underminings of the Sea that with her daily and forcible irruptions never ceaseth to wash away the foundations of the key The people of this Towne are well approved for courtesie and also Civill Government which is administred by the Constable of the Castle who is ever Major by Patent having the assistance of one Alderman two Bailiffes two Sergeants at Mace and one Town-Clerke The Townesmen doe not a little glory that King Edward the second was borne there in a Tower of the Castle called Eagle-Tower and surnamed of Caer-nar-von he being the first Prince of Wales of the English line The site of this Towne according to Mathematicall observation is in the degree of Longitude 15. and 50. scruples from the first West-point and the Pole elevated in Latitude 53. and 50. Bangor the Bishops See though it be now but a small Towne yet was it in times past so large that for the greatnesse therof it was called Banchor Vaur that is Great Banchor which Hugh Earle of Chester fortified with a Castle But it hath been long since utterly ruinated and laid levell with the ground insomuch as there is not any footing to be found or other monuments left thereof although they have been sought with all diligent enquiry This Bishops See hath within the Dioces ninety six Parishes But the ancient Church which was consecrated unto Daniel sometime Bishop thereof was defaced and set on fire by that notorious Rebell Owen Glendowerdwy who had a purpose also to destroy all the Cities of Wales for that they stood for the King of England And though the same Church was since repaired about the time of King Henry the seventh yet hath it scarce recovered the resemblance of her former dignity The River Conwey which limiteth this Shire on the East-side is in Ptolemy by corruption or ignorance of Transcribers called Toisovius in stead of Cononius whence Canonium a Town mentioned by Antonine took name and albeit both it and its name be now utterly extinct yet is there a covert remembrance thereof in the new name of a poore Village standing among the rubbish thereof called Caer-hean that is The ancient City Out of the spoyle whereof K. Edward the first built a new Towne at the Rivers mouth termed thereupon Aber-Conwey that is the mouth of Conwey which being formerly fortified by Hugh of Chester and strongly situated and fenced both with wals and a faire Castle by the Rivers side deserves rather the name of a City then a Town if it were more populous and traffiqued with Inhabitants Neither must I here forget Newin though but a small Market-Towne for that it pleased the English Nobles Anno 1284. to honour it and the memory of King Arthur with triumphant celebrity after they had subdued the rebellious Ring-leaders of Wales 7 Other matters of memorable note this Countrey affordeth not much unlesse perhaps this That just over against the River Conwey where it issueth into the sea there sometime stood an ancient City named Diganwey which many yeares ago was consumed by lightning and so made utterly desolate as many other monuments have been of ancient and worthy memory As likewise that in the Poole Lin-Peris there is a kind of Fish called there Torcoch having a red belly no where else seene For touching these two other miracles famoused by Giraldus and Gervasius that on those his high Hills there are two Pooles called the Meares the one of which produceth great store of fish but all having only one eye and in the other there is a moveable iland which as soone as a man treadeth on it forthwith floateth a great way off whereby the Welsh are said to have often scaped and deluded their enemies assailing them these matters are out of my Creed and yet I think the Reader had rather beleeve them then to go to see whether it be so or no. It is traded with five Market-Towns fit for bargaining buying selling fortified with four Castles and hath sixty eight Parish-churches in it where the Inhabitants concurre and meet together for the celebration of divine Service CAERNARVON BOTH SHYRE AND Shire-towne with the ancient Citie BANGOR described Anno Domini 16â—0 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Caernarvon-Shire A ABERCONWY Abereach Apennant B BANGOR Bardesey Iland Bednell Bedskrethlim Bedsyllin Bethkelert Bettus Seyrionython Bettus Garmon Botunog Bodvean Bodverin Chappel Braychypult point Bryncrois Brimmoyle Brynyryn C Caier Ierienrode Caierhean CARNARVAN Carngugh Chappel Carrog Flu. Carodinbill-rocke Clenoguaure Clenunay Conwy Flu. Llyn Coulwyd D Daren Flu. Castle Delbadern Dinas Orveg Dinas Dynlle Llyn Dolathelan Dolathelan Castle Dolbemer Dowye Gonulchy E Earch Flu. Edarne Eglos-rosse Saint Elyn F Funnon Llegoe G Gastell Flu. Girch Flu. Guffin Flu. Guffin Gwely Flu. Gwelyn Island Gwider K Saint Katherins Kenhayerne Chappell Kerig Chappell Keveamulch Kreky the Castle Kydeo L Llanaber Llanarmon Llanbeblin Llanbedro Llanbeder Llanberis Llyn Llanberis Llancastyn Llandaguinnim Llandidno Llandidwen Llandigaio Llandrighla Llandurog Llangeby Llangedol Chappell or Pentire Llangenvill Chappell Llanghennyn Llangustennyn Llanken Llanlledhyd Llanlleveny Llannor Llanpenmachno Llanrughwen Llannyhangle Enreage Llanihangle Maghholet Llannunda Llanyngan Llanstidwy Llanthaniolen Llanvaier vachan Llanvaier Iskaer Llanvaie Irise Llanvaglan Llanvylhayrne Lledder Flu. Lleggy Flu. Llenony Flu. Lloinderis Glyn Llynan Llynan Flu. Llyndothadern Llynhaladoylen Llynkeggil Llynmumber Llyntrevennin Llynnydulyn Llynyga M Madryn Mapanab May Flu. Mercrosse Island Mildeyrne Monithnuehill N Nangunadle Naulle NEWIN O Ogwen Chappell Ormeshead point P Penlleache Penmen maur Penmen bychan Pen morvay Penry Penryn Penvenkle point Pistill Porlerit Flu. Porthathuferye PUL LHELY R Rhiw Ryvill Hill S Saint Flu. Sinadon Castle Snowdown Hill Stidwell Island T Teduelion Thenuio Traythe Maur. Trevelis Tycomer point ANGLESEY CHAPTER XV. ANGLESEY was in the time of the Romanes called Mona by the Britains Mon and Tir-Mon that is the Land of Mon of the ancient English Saxons Moneg And at last after the Englishmen had by their sharp and severall assaults brought it under their rule and became Lords thereof it was termed Anglesey as one would say The Englishmens Island 2 For an Island it is albeit it be severed from the Continent of Britaine but with a small and narrow straight of the River Menai and on all other parts beaten upon with the surging and troublous Irish sea in which it lieth somwhat square-wise
the Land-lords prey till King Malcolme enacted that half a marked should be paid for redemption The residence of those fore-mentioned Kings was chiefly in Ila Bunals and Iona now Columbkill where as Donald Munro who travelled thorow these Ilands reporteth are three Tombes having the severall Inscriptions of the Kings of Scotland of Ireland and of Norway 19 Among these Westerne Ilands the Hebrides Skie Mula Ila and Arran are the greatest All of them plentifull of Corne Woods Salmons and Herrings as others of Conies Deere Horses and Sheepe where in some they are wilde and in others without any owners but the people uncivill and lacking Religion they rather live rudely in state of necessitie then as Lords of these portions which God hath allotted them and with a sufferable ease ignorant of ambition enjoy those contentments which some others though they no great summe doe more laboriously attaine unto by the Precepts of Philosophy for feeding themselves with competencie without any excesse they returne all the overplus unto their Lords as doe the Inhabitants of Hirta and Rona but alas Religion not knowne among them these penurious vertues are rather the curses of Cham then the followings of Christ who forbids us to be too carefull for the morrow 20 The Iles of Orkenay upon the North of Scotland lying in a most raging and tempestuous Sea are about three and thirtie in number whereof thirteene are inhabited and the other replenished with Cattle in these are no venemous Serpents nor other ugly vermine the aire sharpe and healthfull and the soyle apt to beare onely Oates and Barley but not a sticke of wood among these Pomonia is the greatest accounted and called the Maine-land affording sixe Minerals of Lead and Tinne and in her chiefe Towne a Bishops See wherein are seated twelve Parish-Churches one of them very Magnificent for so remote a Countrey 21 Of all the Romanes Iulius Agricola first discovered the Orkenayes yea and subdued them if we will beleeve Tacitus but Pomponius Mela that wrote thirtie yeers before him doth mention them and Invenal in Hadrians time after him tels us the Romanes had wonne them and lastly Claudian nameth Saxons that were slaine in them and so doth Ninius name Octha and Ebissus Saxon Commanders who in their roving Pinnaces wasted the Orkenayes These Ilands Donald Bune the usurper of the Scottish Crowne gave to the King of Norway for his assistance and by the Norwegians were they held the space of an hundred and sixtie yeers untill that Alexander the third King of Scotland with sword and composition got them from Magnus the fourth King of Norway which afterward King Haquin confirmed unto King Robert Bruce but lastly Christian the first King of Norway and Denmarke utterly renounced all his right to those Ilands when he gave his Daughter in marriage unto King Iames the third which deed was further ratified by the Pope who openeth the way to the possession of Kingdoms with his own key 22 More North and further then this Chart could well expresse lye the Isles of Shetland of some thought to be Thule and by the Commenter upon Horace the Fortunate Iland where as Tzetzes fabuleth the souls of good men are ferryed into those Elizian fields that ever grow greene and whence Iulius Caesar could hardly be drawne as Muretus hath written but their fictions intended onely that the vertâ—â—â—â—s souls of the dead passed the uttermost bounds of earthly abode and attained to an over-pleasing repose and ever-flourishing happinesse which whether they borrowed from the description of Paradise taken both for a faire Garden and the souls happie rest I cannot define but sure they would not have made those fields alwayes greene if they had seene how they lye ever covered with Ice and Snow being in the 36. degree of Latitude as Ptolemie hath placed it where for the most part is a continuall Winter but for proofe that this was the Thule besides Ptolemies Positure Saxo Grammaticus betwixt Norway and Scotland hath placed it and Solinuâ— two dayes sayling from the point of Caledonia and Tacitus saith that the Romanes kenned Thule afarre off as they sayled about Britaine by the Orcades and lastly Mela maketh it to face Berge a Citie in Norway THE FOVRTH BOOKE Containing THE KINGDOME OF IRELAND WITH AN EXACT CHOROGRAPHICALL DIMENSION OF THE PROVINCES THEREIN CONTAINED AND THOSE AGAINE DIVIDED INTO THEIR SEVERALL COVNTIES TOGETHER With a compendious Description of that NATION and ILANDS COMMODITIES BY IOHN SPEED LONDON Printed by Iohn Legatt for William Humble 1646. Cum Privilegio THE PARTICVLAR COVNTIES IN THE FOVRE SEVERALL PROVINCES OF IRELAND AS NOW THEY ARE DIVIDED AND LIMITED MOVNSTER Limmerick Kery Corke Waterford Desmond Holy Crosse in Typperary LEINSTER East Meath West Meath Kilkenny Caterlough Queenes Countie Kings Countie Kildare Weshford Dubline CONNAVGHT Clare or Towmund Gallaway Maio. Slego Letrim Roscoman VLSTER Dunghall or Tyr-connell Tyrone-upper Tyrone-nether Farmanagh Cavon Monaghan Colran Antrim Doun Armagh Lough DIEV ET MON DROIT ✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MAL ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚ IRELAND AS IT VVAS AND IS INHABITED THE SITE AND COMMODITIES OF THE 1LAND DESCRIBED AND DECLARED THE Traditions of time have delivered unto us divers names whereby this famous Island is recorded to have been called yet none of more faire probabilitie then that of Orpheus Aristotle and Claudian by whom it is named Ierna by Iuvenall and Mela called Inverna by Diodorus Siculus Iris by Martian of Heraclea Ioyepnia by Eustachius Oyernia and Bernia by the native Inhabitants Erya by the Britaines Yuerdon the Welsh-bards in their Ballads Triuolas Totidanan and Banno and by the English Ireland But from whence these diversities were derived arise many opinions Doubtlesse it is that Hibernia Inverna and Overnia came from Ierna spoken of by Orpheus and Aristotle and the same Ierna as also Iris Iuerdhon and Ireland and Erin the terme that the Inhabitants now use From this Erin therefore a word proper to the Nation the originall is most likely to be deduced 2 Some derive Hibernia from Hiberno tempore that is from the Winter season some from Hiberus a Spaniard some from a Duke named Irnalph some againe from the ancient River Iberus and some from Hiere an Irish word which signifieth the West or a westerne coast whence Erin may also seeme to fetch the derivation for it lyeth furthest Westward of any Region in all Europe As also for that the River running in the most remote West part of this Iland is in Ptolemy called Iernus like as the furthest western Promontory in Spaine from whence our Irish men came is by Strabo called Ierne and the River next unto it by Mela Ierna yea and Spaine it selfe for the Westerne situation is called Hesperia the West-Cape of Africke Hesperium and in Germany Westrich and Westphanlen from their position have their names Postelius a man that rather followed his owne fancy then the judgement of others fetcheth the
they inhabited for to this the very name is almost sufficient to perswade us 5 The Commodities of this Countrey do chiefly consist in Cattle Sea-fowle and Fish It breeds many excellent good horses called Irish Hobbies which have not the same pace that other horses have in their course but a soft and round amble setting very easily 6 This Country hath in it three Rivers of note termed in old time the three Sisters Shour Neor and Barraeo which issue out of the huge Mountaine called by Giraldus Bladinae Montes as out of their mothers wombe and from their rising tops descending with a down-fall into severall Channels before they empty themselves into the Ocean joyn hand in hand all together in a mutual league and combination 7 Places very dangerous for shipping are certaine slats and shallowes in the Sea that lye over against Holy-point which the Mariners call the Grounds Also the shelves of sand that lye a great way in length opposite to Newcastle which overlooketh them into the Sea from the top of an high hill adjoyning 8 In this Province are placed many faire and wealthy Townes as Kilkenny which for a Burrough Towne excels all the midland Burroughs in this Iland Kildare which is adorned with an Episcopall See and much graced in the first infancie of the Irish Church by reason of Saint Bridgid a venerable Virgin had in great account and estimation for her virginitie and devotion as who was the Disciple of Saint Patricke of so great fame renowne and antiquitie also Weisford a name given unto it by these Germans whom the Irish terme Oustmans a towne though inferiour to some yet as memorable as any for that it became the first Colony of the English and did first submit it selfe unto their protection being assaulted by Fitz-Stephen a Captaine worthily made famous for his valour and magnanimitie 9 But the Citie which fame may justly celebrate alone beyond all the Cities or Townes in Ireland is that which we call Divelin Ptolemie Eblana the Latinists Dublinium and Dublinia the West-Britaines Dinas Dulin the English-Saxons in times past Duplin and the Irish Balacleigh that is the Towne upon hurdles for it is reported that the place being fennish and moorish when it first began to be builded the foundation was laid upon hurdles 10 That it is ancient is perswaded by the authoritie of Ptolemie That it was grievously rent and dismembred in the tumultuous warres of the Danes and brought afterwards under the subjection of Eadgar King of England which his Charter also confirmeth wherein he calleth it the noble Citie of Ireland is written by Saxo Grammaticus That it was built by Harold of Norway which may seeme to be Harold Harfager when he had brought the greatest part of Ireland into an awfull obedience unto him we reade in the life of Griffeth ap Sinan Prince of Wales At length it yeelded unto the valour and protection of the English at their first arrivall into Ireland by whom it was manfully defended from the fierce assaults as well of Auscoulph Prince of the Dublinians as afterwards of Gottard King of the Isles since which time it hath still augmented her flourishing estate and given approved testimony of her faith and loyaltie to the Crowne of England in the times of any tumultuous straights and commotions 11 This is the royall seat of Ireland strong in her munition beautifull in her buildings and for the quantitie matchable to many other Cities frequent for traffique and intercourse of Merchants In the East Suburbs Henry the second King of England as Hoveden reporteth caused a royall Palace to be erected and Henry Loundres Archbishop of Divelin built a store-house about the yeer of Christ 1220. Not farre from it is the beautifull Colledge consecrated unto the name of the holy Trinitie which Queene Elizabeth of famous memorie dignified with the priviledges of an Vniversitie The Church of S. Patricke being much enlarged by King Iohn was by Iohn Comin Arch-bishop of Dubline borne at Euesham in England first ordained to be a Church of Prebends in the yeere 1191. It doth at this day maintaine a Deane a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Arch-Deacons and twenty-two Prebendaries This Citie in times past for the due administration of Civill Government had a Provost for the chiefe Magistrate But in the yeer of mans Redemption 1409. King Henry the fourth granted them libertie to choose every yeere a Maior and two Bailiffes and that the Maior should have a guilt sword carried before him for ever And King Edward the sixt to heape more honour upon this place changed the two Bailiffes afterwards into Sheriffes so that there is not any thing here wanting that may serve to make the estate of a Citie most flourishing 12 As the people of this Countie doe about the neighbouring parts of Divelin come neerest unto the civill conditions and orderly subjection of the English so in places farther off they are more tumultuous being at deadly feuds amongst themselves committing oft-times Man-slaughters one upon another and working their owne mischiefes by mutuall wrongs for so the Irish of Leinster wasted Leinster with many Townes in the same Province in the yeere 1294. And in the yeere 1301. the men of Leinster in like manner raised a warre in the winter season setting on fire the Town of Wykinlo Rathdon and others working their owne plague and punishment by burning up their sustenance and losing their Castle by depredation 13 Matter of observation and no lesse admiration among them is the Giants dance commonly so called and so much talked of which Merlin is said by Art Magick to have translated out of this Territory unto Salisburie Plain which how true it is I leave to the vaine beleevers of miracles and to the credulous observers of antiquitie 14 In this County have beene erected many famous Monasteries Abbies and religious houses consecrated to devout and holy purposes as the Monasterie of Saint Maries of Oustmanby founded for preaching Friers unto which of late dayes the Iudiciall Courts of the Kingdome have beene translated also the magnificent Abbey called S. Thomas Court at Dublin builded and endowed in times past with many large priviledges and revenewes of King Henry the second in expiation of the murther of Thomas Archbishop of Canterburie Likewise Tinteru Monastery or the notable Abbey which William Marshall Earle of Pembroke founded and called De voto for that he had vowed to God being tossed at Sea with many a fore and dangerous tempest to erect an Abbey wheresoever he came to land and being after shipwrack cast upon land in this place he made performance of his vow accordingly This Province containeth the Counties of Kilkenny Caterloge Queens County Kings County Kildare East Meath West Meath Weisford and Dublin to say nothing of Wicklo and Fernes which either be already or else are to be annexed unto it
Dynton Ales. E Eaton New Eaton Stock Edgcott Buck. Edlesburrough Coll. Elsborough Ales. Emmerton New Eydroppe Ash. F Farnam royall Bur. Fawly Dis. The Feath Burn. Filgrane New Fingerst Dis. Folcott Buck. Fulbroâ— Col. Fullmere Stock G Gamboro Ash. Gawcott Buck. Mershe Gibbeen Buck. Gotehurst New Grendon long Ash. Greneland Dis. Grove Coll. H Hadnam Ales. Hambleden Dis. Little Hamden Ales. Great Hamden Ales. Leck Hamsted Buck. Hanslop New Hardmere New Hardwick Coll. Hardwood great Coll. Hardwood little Coll. Hardwell Ales. Haversham New Haulton Ales. Hawridge Coll. Hedgeley Stock Hedstor Dis. Hillesden Buck. Hitchendon Dis. Hoggerston Col. Hogshawe Ash. Horidge Ales. Horsenden Ales. Horsingdon Ash. Horton Stock Hucket Ales. I Ilmere Ash. Ipston Dis. Iuet Stock IVINGOE Coll. K Kimbers Ales. Kingsey Ash. Krestow Coll. L Langley marish Stock Lanâ—icke Ales. Latimers Burn. Laâ—ndon New Lee Ales. Snipton Lee Ash. S. Leonards Ales. Lillingstone dayrell Buck. Linchlad Coll. Lithershall Ash. Littlecott Coll. Lothbury New Loughton New Luffeild Buck. Lynford little New Lynford great New M Marlowe little Dis. Marlowe great Dis. Marlowe florens Dis. Marshe gibbon Buck. Mayes morten Buck. Mednam Dis. Mentmore Coll. Little Merdon Ash. North Merston Ash. Mersworth Coll. Middleton keynes New Great Missenden Ales. Little Missenden Ales. Morton Dis. Moulso New Mursley Coll. N Nashe Coll. Nettleden Coll. Newington longfield New Newington blomareile New NEWPORT Neâ— Nothey Ash. O Ockley Ash. OVLNEY Neâ— Oulswick Ales. Ouse Flu. P Padbury Buck. Penne Burne Pichcote Ash. Pitston Col. Poundon Buck. Prebend end Buck. Preston Buck. Q Quainton Ash. R Radnage Dis. Ratley Buck. Ravenstone New Over Rendon Ash. Rickmansworth Bur. Princes Risborough Ales. Monkes Risborough Ales. Rowsham Coll. S Sabbinton Ash. Sanderâ—on Dis. Aston Standford Ash. Saulden Coll. Shaulton Buck. Sheney New Sherley brooke end Coll. Sherington New Shâ—pton Coll. Sâ—ckle-â—urrow Coll. Spnam Burn. Sapton Coll. Staunton New Stoke golding New Stoke poges Stock Stoke manuill Ales. Stoke hamond New Stone Ales. STONY STRATFORD Ne. Stowe Buck. Fenny Stratford New Waters Stratford Buck. Stuckley Coll. Sulbury Coll. Swanburne Coll. Sympson New T Tame Flu. Thorneborowe Buck. Thornton Buck. Thurringham New Tingwick Buck. Tinweston Buck. Topley Burn. Tottenhoo Coll. Tousey Ash. Turfeild Dis. Turvye New Twyford Buck. V Vpburne denicourt Dis. Vpton Stock Vuing Ash. W Waddosdon Ash. Walton Ales. Walton New Over Wamden New Warrington New Waysbury Stock Weeden Coll. Wendover florens Ales. Wendover Ales. Westbury Buck. Westcote Ash. Weston under wood New Weston turvill Ales. Wexham Stock Whaddon chase Coll. Whaddon Coll. Whitchurch Coll. HIGH WICKHAM Bur. West Wickham Dis. Nether Winchington Ash. Vpper Winchington Ash. Wing Coll. Wingrave Coll. WINSLOWE Coll. Winslow heath Coll. Wolston little New Wolston great New Wolverton New Woodsham Ash. Wormenall Ash. Wotton underwood Ash. Woughton New Wyllyne New OXFORD-SHIRE receiveth her name from that famous Vniversitie and most beautifull Citie Oxford and this of the Foord of Oxen say our English Saxons though Leiland upon a ground of conjecture will have it Ousford from the River Ouse by the Latines called Isis which giveth name likewise to the adjoyning Iland Ousney The North point of this Shire is bordered upon by the Counties of Warwicke and North-Hampton the East with Buckingham the West by Gloucester-Shire and the South altogether is parted from Barke-Shire by Thamisis the Prince of British Rivers 2 The blessings both of the sweet-breathing heavens and the fruitfull site of this Counties soyle are so happy and fortunate that hardly can be said whether exceeds The ayre milde temperate and delicate the Land fertile pleasant and bounteous in a word both Heaven and Earth accorded to make the Inhabitants healthfull and happie The hils loaden with woods and cattle the vallies burthened with corne and pasturage by reason of many fresh springing Rivers which sportingly there-thorow make their passage whereof Evenlod Charwell Tame and Isis are chiefe which two last making their Bed of Marriage neere unto Dorchester runne thence together in one channell and name 3 The length of this Shire is from Cleydon in the North-West unto Caversham in her South-East neere unto Thamisis and amounteth almost to fortie miles the broadest part is in her Westerne Borders which extending from the said Cleydon in the North unto Faringdon seated upon the River Isis in the South are scarcely twenty sixe and thence growing narrower like unto a Wedge containing in Circumference about one hundred and thirty miles 4 The ancient Inhabitans known to the Romanes were the Dobuni part whereof possessed further Westernly into Glocester-shire and neerer East-ward betwixt the bowing of Thamisis were seated the Ancalites who sent their submission unto Iulius Caesar when report was made that the Trinobantes had put themselves under his protection whereof followed the Britaines servitude under the proud yoke of the all-coveting Romans yet afterwards this Counties people being very puissant as Tacitus termes them and unshaken by warres withstood Ostorious Scapula the Romane Lieutenant choosing rather to yeeld their lives in Battle then their persons to subjection Of later times it was possessed by the Mercian-Saxons as part of their Kingdome though sometimes both the West Saxons and the Northumbrians had the dispose of some part therof for Beda affirmeth that King Oswold gave the then-flourishing Citie Dorchester unto Berinus the West-Saxons Apostle to be his Episcopall See whence the good Bishop comming to Oxford and preaching before Wulpherus the Mercian King in whose Court Athelwold the South-Saxons heathenish King was then present he with all his Nobles were converted to the faith of Christ and there baptized whereby Berinus became the Apostle also of the South-Saxons 5 Other places of memorable note either for actions therein happening or for their owne famous esteeme are the Roll-rich-stones standing neer unto Enisham in the South of this Shire a monument of huge stones set round in compasse in manner of the Stonehenge of which fabulous tradition hath reported forsooth that they were metamorphosed from men but in truth were there erected upon some great victory obtained either by or against Rollo the Dane who in the yeere 876. entered England and in this Shire fought two Battles one neere unto Hoch-Norton and a second at the Scier Stane 6 Rodcot likewise remaineth as a monument of Oxfords high stiled Earle but unfortunate Prince Robert de Vere who besides the Earledome was created by King Richard the second Marquesse of Dublin and Duke of Ireland but at that Bridge discomfited in fight by the Nobles and forced to swimme the River where began the downfall of his high mounted fortunes for being driven forth of his Country lastly died in exile and distressed estate But more happie is this Countie in producing far more glorious Princes as King Edward the Confessor who in Islip was borne Edward the victorious black Prince in Woodstock and in Oxford that warlike Coeur de Lion King Richard the first the sonne
of King Henry the second first took breath 7 Which Citie is and long hath been the glorious seat of the Muses the British Athens and learnings well-spring from whose living Fountaine the wholsome waters of all good literature streaming plenteously have made fruitfull all other parts of this Realme and gained glory amongst all Nations abroad Antiquitie avoucheth that this place was consecrated unto the sacred Sciences in the time of the old Britaines and that from Greekelad a Town in Wilt-shire the Academie was translated unto Oxford as unto a Plant-plot both more pleasing and fruitfull whereto accordeth the ancient Burlaeus and Necham this latter also alledging Merlin But when the beauty of the Land lay under the Saxons prophane feete it sustained a part of those common calamities having little reserved to uphold its former glorie save onely the famous monument of Saint Frideswids Virgine-Conquest no other Schoole then left standing besides her Monasterie yet those great blasts together with other Danish stormes being well blowne over King Elfred that learned and religious Monarch recalled the exiled Muses to their sacred place and built there three goodly Colledges for the Studies of Divinitie Philosophie and other Arts of humanitie sending thither his owne sonne Ethelward and drew thither the young Nobles from al parts of his kingdome The first Reader thereof was his supposed brother Neote a man of great learning by whose direction King Elfred was altogether guided in this his goodly foundation At which time also Asserius Menevensis a Writer of those times affaires read the Grammar and Rhetoricke and affirmeth that long before them Gildas Melkin Ninius Kentigern S. German and others spent there their lives in learned studies From which time that it continued a Seed plot of learning till the Norman Conquest Ingulphus recordeth who himselfe then lived No marvell then if Matthew Paris calleth Oxford the second Schoole of Christendome and the very chiefe Pillar of the Catholique Church And in the Councel holden at Vienna it was ordained that in Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca the onely Vniversities then in Europe should be erected Schooles for the Hebrew Greeke Arabick and Chaldean Tongues and that Oxford should be the generall Vniversitie for all England Ireland Scotland and Wales which point was likewise of such weight with the Councel of Constance that from this precedence of Oxford Vniversitie it was concluded that the English Nation was not onely to have precedence of Spaine in all Generall Councels but was also to be held equall with France it selfe By which high prerogatives this of ours hath alwaies so flourished that in the dayes of King Henry the third thirtie thousand Students were therein resident as Archbishop Armachanus who then lived hath writ and Rishanger then also living sheweth that for all the civill warres which hindered such places of quiet studie yet 15000. Students were there remaining whose names saith he were entered in matricula in the matriculation Booke About which time Iohn Baliol the father of Baliol King of Scots built a Colledge yet bearing his name Anno 1269. and Walter Merton Bishop of Rochester that which is now called Merton Colledge both of them beautified with buildings and enriched with lands and were the first endowed Colledges for learning in all Christendome And at this present there are sixteen Colledges besides another newly builded with eight Hals and many most faire Collegiat Churches all adorned with mest stately buildings and enriched with great endowments noble Libraries and most learned Graduates of all professions that unlesse it be her sister Cambridge the other nursing breast of this Land the like is not found againe in the world This Citie is also honoured with an Episcopall See As for the site thereof it is removed from the Equator in the degree 52. and one minute and from the West by Mercators measure 19. degrees and 20. minutes 8 As this Countie is happy in the possession of so famous an Academie so it is graced with most Princely Palaces appertaining to the English Crown whereof Woodstocke is the most ancient and magnificent built to that glory by K. Henry the first and enlarged with a Labyrinth of many windings by K. Henry the second to hide from his jealous Iuno his intirely beloved Concubine Rosamond Clifford a Damosell of surpassing beauty where nowtwithstanding followed by a clew of silke that fell from her lap she was surprised and poysoned by Queen Eleanor his wife and was first buried at Godstow Nunnery in the midst of the Quire under a Hearse of Silke set about with lights whom Hugh Bishop of Lincolne thinking it an unfit object for Virgins devotion caused to be removed into the Church-yard but those chaste sisters liked so well the memory of that kinde Lady as that her bones were translated againe into their Chappell Bensington is another of his Majesties Mannors built by Will. de la Pole Duke of Suffolke but now in neglect through the annoyance arising from the waters or marishes adjoyning Houses built for devotion and for abuse suppressed and againe put downe the chiefe in account were Enisham Osney Bruerne Godstow Burchester and Tame besides Saint Frideswides and very many other stately houses of Religion in the Citie The Divsiion of this Shire is into fourteene Hundreds wherein are seated ten Market Townes and two hundred and fourescore Parish-Churches whose names are Alphabetically inserted in the Table ensuing OXFORDSHIRE described with the Citie and the Armes of the Colledges of that famous Vniuersity Ao. 1605. HVNDREDS in Oxford-shire 1. BAnbury 2. Bloxham 3. Chadlington 4. Wotton 5. Ploughley 6. Bullington 7. Bampton 8. Tame 9. Lewknor 10. Pirton 11. Dorchester 12. Ewelme 13. Langtree 14. Binfeild A Adderbury Blox Addington Plough Adwell Lewk Alvescott Bamp Ambesden Bulling Ardeley Plough Arnecott Bulling Ascott Chad. Ascott Tame Assenton Pirt. Astoll Bam. Astoll Lye Bam. Aston Steeple Wot Aston Bam. Aston North Wot Aston Rowen Lewk Aulkerton Blox B Bampton Bampt. BANBVRY Ban. Balscott Blox Barford S. Iohns Blox Barford S. Michael Wot Steple Barton Wot March Baulden Bulling Toot Baulden Bulling Baynton Plough Beckley Bulling Beckley Parke Bulling Begbrocke VVot Bensington Ewel Berington little Bamp Berwicke Priorie Ewelme Berwicke Sulham Ewelme Bixbrand Binf. Bix Gobon Binf. Blacke Burton Bamp Blackthorne Bulling Bladon VVot Bletchington Plough Bloxome Blox Blunt Lewk Bodicott Blox Bolney Bin. Bradwe Bamp Brickenton Bamp Bridsett Bulling Bright Hampton Bramp Brisemorton Bamp Britwell Priory Ewelme Britwell Baldwin Ewelme Britwell Fulham Lewk Broken Chad. Brooke Hampton Ewelm Broughton Blox Broughton Poges Bamp Bruerne Chad. Bucknell Plough Burcester Plough Burcester Kings Plough Burcott Dor. BVRFOBD Bam. Burton great Banb. Burton little Banb. C Carbridge Bamp Cassington Wot Caswell Bamp Caverfeild Plough Caversham Binf. Chackenton Lang. Chadlington Chad. Chalgrave Ewelm Chapell on the Heath Chad. Charleton Plough Charswell Wot Charwell Flu. Chastleton Chad. Chawfer Lewk Cherlbury Ban. Chesterton Plough Chilson Chad. Chillworth Bulling
certain times riseth and falleth after the manner of Sea-tides 9 In the South part of this Country divided from the rest is a place in some written Copies of Antonine called Bovium which we now terme Banchor first a City and afterwards a Monastery of famous memory and the first that is read of in the world wherein as Beda saith were a great number of Monkes and them divided into seven Companies every one having his severall Ruler assigned None of these Companies had lesse then three hundred persons devoted to prayer and to get living by their owne labour for themselves and the poore although it hath long since been utterly ruinate so as now there is scarce seene the face and outward shew of a dead Citie or Monastery It hath only the names of two Gates remaining one standing a mile distant from another and betwixt which the River Dee now runneth where are oftentimes found many peecâ—s of Roman Coine and other tokens of antiquity But of these shall be more mention made in the following History Another like Monastery but of lesser accompt stood in the Vale beneath Varis a little Citie placed by the Romans in the confines of this Shire and Denbigh-shire and upon the Banke of Elwy and Cluyd This the Britaines call Llan-Elwy of the River the Englishmen Asaph of the Founder and the Historiographers Asaphensis It is more famoused for antiquity then for building or bravery for about the yeare 560. Kentigern Bishop of Glasco being sled hither out of Scotland placed here a Bishops See and erected a Monastery gathering together 663. in a religious brotherhood whereof three hundred that were unlearned gave themselves to husbandry and to worke within the Monastery the rest to prayer and meditations When he returned into Scotland he ordained Asaph a godly and upright man to be Governour over this Monastery of whom it took the name and is called Saint Asaphs Another Monastery of great account was at Basingwarke in this County neere unto which began that admirable Ditch drawne thence unto the mouth of Severne by King Offa the Tract whereof I have expressed thorow this Shire and will further speake thereof in the following History 10 This Shire is divided into five Hundreds fortified with seven Castles hath only one Market-Town and twenty eight Parishes in which there is continuall celebration of divine Service FLINT-SHIRE ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Flint-shire HUNDREDS in Flint-shire 1. MOuld 2. Mailers 3. Rudland 4. Prestrattyn 5. Coleshill A Alen. Alen Flu. S. Asaph Llan Asaphe B Bangor Basingwarke Bottesley Broughton Bruerton Burton C CAIER Wâ—S Cluyn Flu. Combe Cornish D Darland Greene. Demyrchion Nether Droitwiche Over Droitwiche Dyffyrdwy or Dee Flu. Dyssart E Escoyte Hall F Fens Hall Flint G Gronant Gulgrave Gwenusker H Hanmere Harden Castle Haulton Holiwell Horsheath K Kilken Kinnerton M Maghegreg Meliden Merford Molde Moston N Nannarch Chapell Nerquoyes Northop O Clawdh Offa or Offas ditch Old parke Orton madok P Penley Chappell Potruthan Potuary Prestatin R Relusnoyde Rudland Castle S Sevion Flu. Skiviog T Tegidog Flu. Talarkrey Treer Castle Trethyn Trevealen W Wheler Flu. Whitford Whitwell Chappell Willington Worthenbury Y Yowley Castle Yowley Hill CAERNARVON-SHIRE CHAPTER XIIII CAernarvon-shire in Welsh Sire Ca-er-ar-von so called because it is just over against Anglesey which the Britaines call Mon and in coÌ„position was termed also Snowden Forrest before Wales was laid into Shires the North-side whereof and the West buttâ—th upon the Irish-Sea the South-side is inclosed with Merioneth and the East with Denbigh-shires from which it is severed by the River Conwey 2 The forme thereof is much like a wedge long and narrow toward the South and growing still wider towards the North so that from Pevenkel-point South-ward to Orâ—s-head-point North-ward are fortie Miles from the River Conwey East-ward to the River Llenoy West-ward Miles twenty and the whole circumference one hundred and ten Miles 3 The Ayre is sharpe and piercing by reason that the Countrey hath not naturall provision to ensconce her self against the extremity of winds and weather but especially as may be thought through the continuance of the Snow on the hills which also exclude the Sunnes aspect and warmth 4 The soile cannot be much commended for the fertility except those parts of the Sea-coasts which lye on the West toward Ireland but for the heart of this Shire it is altogether mountainous as if Nature had a purpose here by rearing up these craggy hills so thicke together strongly to compact the joynts or this our Iland aud to frame the Inland part thereof for a â—it place of refuge to the Britaines against those times of adversity which afterward did fall upon them for no Armie though never so strongly or scarce any Travellers though never so lightly appointed can find passage among those so many rough and hard Rockes so many Vales and Pooles here and there crossing all the wayes as ready obstacles to repell any inroades of forraine assailants These Mountaines may not unfitly be termed the British Alpes as being the most vaste of all Britaine and for their steepnesse and cragginesse not unlike to those of Italy all of them to wring up into the Ayre and round encompassing one farre higher then all the rest peculiarly called Snowdon-Hill though the other likewise in the same sense are by the Welsh termed Craig Eriry as much as Snowy Mountaines taking their name as doth by Plinies testimony Niphates in Armenia and Imaus in Scythia For all the yeare long these lye mantelled over with Snow hard crusted together though otherwise for their height they are open and lyable both to the Sunne to dissolve them and the winds to over-sweep them 5 The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices of whom we have sufficiently spoken in the description of the former Provinces neither need I insist either upon the pleasures or profits that this Country yeeldeth by reason of the great affinity it hath both of Climate and Commodities with Denbigh-shire and Flint-shire before mentioned But this beyond the other in some places breeds certaine Shel-fishes which being conceived by an heavenly dew bring forth Pearles in ancient times more reckoned of then now they are 6 Touching places of note that City is very ancient which the Emperour Antonine calleth Segontium taking name of a River running by which at this day is called Seioni some reliques of the walls whereof doe yet appeare neere unto a little Church consecrated to the honour of Saint Publicius This City Ninnius calleth Caer Custenith which some interpret the City of Constantine Indeed Mathew Westminster saith how true I know not that Anno 1283. here was found the body of Constantius Father to great Constantine which King Edward the first caused to be sumptuously bestowed in the