goods be customed By meanes of the which sealing the foresaide parties doe compell the marchants aboue-named vpon an vse and custome whereof themselues haue bene the authors to paye a certaine summe of money to the great hinderance of the sayde marchants and coâ—trarie to iustice and to their charter Moreouer the saide customers haue ordained betweene themselues that the saide marchants shall put or make vp no cloâ—h iâ—to fardels to transport out of the realme vnlesse certaine mâ—n appointed by them for the same purpose bee there present to see what maner of clothes they bee vnder paine of the forfâ—iture of the saide goods Also of late when the sayde marchants would haue made vp such fardels the foresayde parties assigned to be ouerseers refused to come vnlesse they might haue for their comming some certaine summe of money delaying and procrastinating from day to day so long as themselues listed to the great losse and vndoing of the foresaide marchants and contrarie to their liberties because the foresaide customers are bound by their office to doe this without any contribution therefore to bee paide vnto them by the saide marchants for that they doe enioy from our soueraigne Lorde the King their fees and commodities to the ende that they may serue him and euery marchant iustly and faithfully without any contribution by them to be imposed anewe vpon the sayde marchants of custome Item the said marchants doe alleage that the customers bailifs of the town of Southhampton do compel them to pay for euery last of herrings pitch sope ashes brought thither by theÌ„ 2 s more then the kings custome and for ech hundreth of bowstaues boords called Waghenscot 2. d. for euery hundreth of boords called Richolt 4.d for al other marchandize brought by the foresaid marchants vnto the same towne which contributions they neuer paid at any time heeretofore being greatly to their hinderance and contrary to the tâ—nour of their Charter Item the foresaid marchants do alleage that one of their company called Albert Redewish of Prussia bringing diuers goods marchandizes vnto Newcastle vpon Tine there paying the vsual custom of 3.d in the pound for al his wares the bailifs of the saide towne against all reason exacted 7. pound sterling at his hands more then the custome whereupon the foresaide marchant got a briefe from the kings maiesty for the recouery of the said 7 li according to equity reason howbeit that at the comming of the said briefe the foresaid bailifes would do nothing on his behalfe but would haue slaine their foresaid associate contrary to their charter and priuiledges William Esturmy knight Iohn Kington canon of Lincolne being by y e most mighty prince lord L. Henry by Gods grace â— of England France lord of Ireland sufficiently deputed and appointed to parle treate agree w t the common society of y e marchants of the Hans of Dutchland or Almain concerning about the redressing reformation of vniust atteÌ„pts happening between our said soueraign L. the king his liege people subiects on the one part between the coÌ„mon society aforesaid the cities towns particular persons therof on the other part do for the behalf of our said souraign L. the king with a mind intention to haue al singular y e things vnderwritten to come to the knowledge of the said common society intimate declare make known vnto you hono sirs Henr. Westhoff citizen deputy of the city of Lubec Henry Fredelaw Ioh. van Berk citizen of Colen Mainard Buxtehude citizen deputy of the city of Hamburgh M. SimoÌ„ Clawsten clerk sir Iohn de Aa knight deputie of the citie of Rostok Herman Meyer deputy of the citie of Wismar being as the procuratorsâ— messengers commissioners of the foresaid cities assembled together at the town of Hage in Holland with y e forenamed Willâ— Iohn in regard of the foresaid redres reformation that euen as our said soueraign L. the king his meaning is not to disturb or hinder such priuiledges as haue bin heretofore granted vouchsafed vnto the coÌ„mon society of the marchaÌ„ts aforesaid by the renoumed kings of England the worthy progenitors of our L. the K. that now is by himself also vnder a certain form confirmed euen so he is determined without y e preiudice of forren lawes vpon iust mature and sober deliberation by his royall authoritie to withstand such priuiledges as by reason of the abuse thereofâ— haue bene infinitely preâ—â—diciall vnto himselfe and his subiects Inprimis the said ambassadours doe affirme as afore that whereas all and euery the Marchants of the said company as often as they would were both in the Realme of England and in other territories dominions subiect vnto our soueraigne lord the king admitted and suffered according to the tenor of the forenamed priuiledges granted vnto them freely friendly and securely to traffique and conuerse with any of his Maiesties liege people and subiects whatsoeuer or with other people of whatsoeuer nation liuing in the realme of England or in the dominions aforesaid the said common society of marchants by their publike deliberate common counsel did appoint ordain y t no society in any cities townes or places neither yet any particular man of any such society there being no lawfull or reasonable cause why shoulde in any wise admit any marchants of the realm of England resorting vnto their cities or other places for marchandise to enioy intercourse of traffike but that the saide English marchants should bee altogether excluded from all traffike and mutuall conuersation among them by denouncing and inflicting grieuous penalties of money as well vpon cities as other places and vpon particular marchants also of the foresaid societie practising the contrary Item that immediatly after the foresaid parties enacting and ordaining published their sayde statute and ordinance in all kingdomes prouinces partes cities and townes wherin any marchants of the said societie were conuersant Item that after that publication the statute and ordinance aforesaid by euery of the marchants of the forenamed society were inuiolably obserued Item that the said statute and ordinance hath bene so rigorously put in execution that whereas immediatly after certaine English marchants with their ships mariners and marchandize beeing in a cerâ—aine part of one of the principall cities of the foresaide societie vtterly destitute of meate drinke and money publikely offred to sell their wollen clothes of England onely to prouide themselues of necessary victuals yet the marchants of the saide citie sâ—outely persisting in their statute and ordinance aforesaid straightly prohibited the buying of such clothes vnchristianly denying meate and drinke vnto the said English marchants Item the foresaid society decreed and ordained that no marchant of the saide company should in any place or countrey whatsoeuer buy any woollen clothes of the realme or dominion of England albeit offered by others and not by English men or hauing bought any should after
Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland defender of the faith hath written vnto vs her letters for her merchants who hath made sute that we should grant our goodnesse to the merchants which are of one Company and giue them free leaue to come to traffike in our kingdome to Colmogro and to the countrey of Dwina and to our great citie of Moscouia and to all the cities in our dominions and thorow our countrey to Boghar to Persia Casbin and Charday and to all other countreys 1 We Iohn Vasiliwich Emperour and great duke of all Russia for our sister Elizabeths sake Queene of England haue giuen and granted to the English merchants the Gouernours Consuls Assistants felloship sir Wil. Garrard Knight Rowland Haiward Alderman Ioh. Thamworth Esquire Iohn Riuers Alderman Henry Beecher Alderman Consuls Sir Wil. Chester Knight Edward Iackman Alderman Lionel Ducket Alderman Edward Gilbert Laurence Huse Francis Walsingham Clement Throgmorton Iohn Quarles Nicholas Wheeler Thomas Banister Iohn Harrison Francis Burnham Anthony Gamage Iohn Somers Richard Wilkinson Ioh. Sparke Richard Barne Robert Woolman Thomas Browne Thomas Smith Thomas Allen Thomas More William Bully Richard Yong Thomas Atkinson Assistants Iohn Mersh Esquire Geofrey Ducket Francis Robinson Matthew Field all the rest of their company and fellowship and to their successours and deputies to come with ships and other vessels into our Countrey at Colmogorod Dwina and to all the North parts now being ours or that hereafter shall at any time be in our possession by sea riuer or land euen to our great Citie of Mosco in all the townes of our Countrey to Cazan and Astracan to Nouogorod the great to Plesko Leifland Vriagorod to Narue and all other townes of Leifland 2 And to passe through our land to Boghar Persia Casbin Charday and other Countreyes And wheresoeuer they come there to be and abide freely and to barter and bargaine freely all wares of sale without custome of all people and Marchants strangers whatsoeuer And if so be they bring any fine wares out of Englande or any other Countrey from Boghar Persia Casbin or from any other place those their wares that come by the way of Narue or any other part into our Dominion to bring the same wares into our treasure and our Treasurers to view the same wares and to take into our Treasurie of the same such as shal be needfull for vs. And all such wares as we shal not need our Chancellour to redeliuer y e same And after the view of our Chancellours to barter it freely to whom they will not selling any of their wares needful for vs before our Chancellour haue seene the same And all other grosse and heauy wares that shall be needfull to our vse not being brought to Mosco to declare tell our Chancellour of the same wares And to giue a note thereof by name and how much they leaue there not brought to Mosco and then if we neede not the said wares the English Marchants their seruants Factors to conuey their wares the neerest way to Vstiug the great and so to Colmogorod or elsewhere at their pleasure thâ—re to barter and sell the same But those wares that shal be needfull for our Treasurie they shall not hide from vs in any case And when our Chauncellours shall send our aduenture with the said Marchants or their Factors they to take our aduentures with them and to sell to barter for such wares as shal be meete for our Treasurie and to returne it into our Treasurie And when we shall sende any aduenture into England then our Chauncellour to giue them a yeeres warning that their ships may be prouided thereafter that by taking in of our wares they leaue not their owne behind them And to take our aduenture yeerely when they goe into Persia. Neither shall the English marchants receiue or colour any of our peoples goods nor barter nor sell it in any wise likewise our people not to barter for the sayd English marchants or occupy for them 3 And when they shall come into our Empire of Casan and Astracan and other places of our Dominions thâ—n our Captaines of Casan and Astracan and our authorised people quietly to let them passe not taking any toll or custome of their wares nor once to make search thereof And when we shal send no aduenture with them yet to suffer them freely to passe not viewing their wares nor taking any kinde of custome And whatsoeuer English marchant will bargaine with our Marchants or Factors ware for ware to barter the same at their pleasure And whatsoeuer their Marchant or Factors will sell their wares at their house at Mosco which house I granted them at S. Maxims at the Mosco they to sel the ware to our people either strangers as they may best vtter it keeping within their house arshines measures and waights vnder seales 4 We haue granted them the saide house at S. Maxims in the halfe free and without standing renâ— as heretofore we did graunt it the said English Marchants sir Wil. Garrard and the Company maintayning in the said house one housekeeper a Russe and two Russe seruants or some of their owne countrey men and none other Russes besides the aforesayde And the said housekeepers that shal liue at their house with the English marchants neither to buy nor sel any wares for them but that the said marchants themselues or their factors shall buy sell and barter their owne wares And our Moscouie marchants not to take the said Englishmens wares to sell them in our townes nor to buy any wares for them neither the English marchant to colour any Russes wares at any towne 5 And whatsoeuer English marchant will sell his wares at Colmogorod Dwyna Vologda Yeraslaue Castran Nouogorod the lower Casan Astracan Nouogrod the great Vopsko the Narue Vriagorod or at any other townes they to sel their wares there at their pleasure And of all wares aswell of other countreis as of Russia no officer or other to take any custome neither in any place to stay them in any wise neither take any kinde of toll of them for their wares whatsoeuer 6 And whatsoeuer marchant shall bargaine or buy any wares of English marchants The said Russe not to returne those wares vpon the marchants hands againe but to giue ready money for the said wares otherwise they to craue the Iustice to giue right and to execute the lawe vpon the same with all expedition And when the English marchants or factors shal trauaile from Moscouie after the dispatch of their wares and businesse then to shew themselues vnto our Chancellours whatsoeuer wares of theirs shall goe from Mosco they not to shew the â—ame wares to any our officersâ— nor pay no custome nor toll in any place 7 If it so happen the English marchants haue any wracke and the shippes be brought to any port of our Dominions we to command the said goods to be enquired and
for the ayding helping and protecting of her Maiesties merchants by the order and commaundement of our Lord and king his Maiestie And to that ende I haue giuen order to all our authorised people to bee carefull ouerthem and to defende them in all causes and to giue them free libertie to trafficke at their owne willes and pleasures It may bee that your merchants doe not certifie you the trueth of all things nor make knowen vnto your honour my readinesse to protect them And howe my Letters and Commissions are sent to all authorised people for them that they shoulde ayde and assist them according to the tenour of my Letters to all others that bee in authoritie vnder the said Officers or otherwise Also your honour writeth of the debarring of your merchants at the Sea port from their accustomed libertie of enterchangeable trafficke and bartar Touching which complaint search and inquisition hath bene made and commaundement giuen that your Queenes Maiesties merchants at the Seaside and in all places where the trade is doe not sustaine any domage or hinderance hereafter but that they shal be at libertie without any hindering or letting either in the Mosco the Treasurehouse or else where by any of our authorised people but absolutely to bee at free libertie at their owne will and pleasure And also I will continue to be their protectour and defendour in all causes by our Lorde and kings Maiesties order and commaundement as it shal be knowen and certified you by your people resident here in the Mosco Written in our Kings Maiesties royall citie of Mosco from the beginning of the world 7101â— yeere in the moneth of Ianuary A most gracious Letter giuen to the English Merchants Sir Iohn Hart and his company by Theodore Iuanowich the King Lord and great duke of all Russia the onely vpholder thereof THe onely God omnipotent before all eternitie his will be done without ende the Father Sonne and holy Ghost we glorifie in Trinitie Our onely God the maker of all things and worker of all in all euery where with plentifull increase for which cause he hath giuen life to man to loue him and to trust in him Our onely God which inspireth euery one of vs his holy children with his word to discerne good through our Lord Iesus Christ and the holy quickning spirit of life now in these perilous times establish vs to keepe the right sâ—epter and suffer vs to reigne of our selues to the good profit of the land and to the subduing of the people together with the enemies and to the mainteinance of vertue We the great Lord king and great duke Theodore Iuanouich of all Russia the onely vpholder of Volodimer Mosco and Nouogrod King of Casan and king of Astracan Lord of Vobsco and great duke of Smolensko of Otuer Vghorie Permia Viatski Bulgari and other regions great duke also of Nouogrod in the lowe Countrey of Chernigo of Rezan Polotski Rostoue Yaruslaue Bealozero and of Liefland of Vdorski Obdorski Condenski and commaunâ—er of all the Countrey of Siberi and of the North parts and Lord ouer the Countrey of Iuerski Grusinski and King ouer the Countrey of Igorski and ruler ouer many other kingdomes and Lordships more Our princely Maiestie at the request of our brother in lawe Boâ—is Feodorowich Godenoua our seruant and Master of our horses generall Comptroller of our house and gouernour of the Lordships and kingdomes of Casan and Astracan vnto the English merchants Sir Iohn Hart knight sir William Webbe knight Richard Salkenstow Alderman Nicholas Moseley alderman Robert Doue Wilâ— Garrowe Iohn Harbey Robert Chamberlaine Henry Anderson Iohn Woodworth FraÌ„cis Cherry Iohn Merrick Christopher Holmes hath graciously giuen leaue to come go with their ships into our kingdome territories of Duina with all kind of commodities at their pleasures to trafficke froÌ„ the seaside to our roial city of Mosco in al other cities townes countries and territories of our whole kingdom of Mosco vpon the humble petition and sute of the saide English merchants sir Iohn Hart and his company wee haue giuen them leaue to passe and trafficke into all parts of our dominions and territories of Mosco and to our inheritance of Nouogrod and Plesco with their wares and commodities without paying any custome or dueties We the great Lord king and great duke Theodore Iuanowich of all Russia haue firmely giuen and graunted vnto the aforesaide English merchants sir Iohn Hart and his company for the loue we beare to our deare sister Queene Elizabeth we I say of our gracious goodnes haue giuen leaue to trauel and passe to our royal seat of Mosco and to all the parts of our kingdome with all kinde of commodities and to trafficke with all kinde of wares at their owne pleasure without paying any custome of their said wares To you our Customers we wil and command not to take any maner of custome of the said merchants and their company neither for entering weying nor passing by or through any place of our territories nor for custome of iudgement by Lawe or for their person or persons nor any duties ouer bridges or for certificats or processes or for conducting ouer any streames or waters or for any other customes or dueties that may be named we wil and straitly commaund you not to take any of them in any wise Prouided alwayes that the saide merchants shall not colour any strangers wares nor bring them into our countrey nor fauour them colourably nor sel for any stranger To you our subiects also we coÌ„mand not to meddle or deale with any wares of strangers colourably nor to haue them by you in keeping nor to offer to sel their coÌ„modities but themselues to sel their owne coÌ„modities in change or otherwise as they may or can And in al townes cities countreys or any part of our dominions and territories it shal be lawful for the foresaid merchants and their company to sell or barter away their owne commodities in change or otherwise for or at their pleasure as they will And whensoeuer the said merchants or any of them come into our territories of great Nouogrod or Plesco or to any other parts of our kingdome with their wares by vertue of these our Maiesties letters we straitly charge and command you our Captaines generals and all other that be authorised or in office to suffer the aforesaid merchants to passe and repasse and to take no kinde of custome or dutie of them or any of their goods howsoeuer it may haue name nor in no place else where they shal come in all our kingdome Likewise if they sell not nor buy no wares you shall take no custome but suffer them quietly to passe where they will with their goods Of our gratious goodnes and meere goodwill we haue giuen the said merchants leaue to trafficke throughout all our kingdomes and in all townes and cities with all maner of wares and commodities without paying any custome or dutie Wheresoeuer they shal
marchandize to be vsed and continued by our subiects within his sayd dominions whereby we perceiue and finde that both many good actions haue beene done and performed and hereafter are likely continually to be done and performed for the peace of Christendome Namely by the reliefe and discharge of many Christians which haue beene and which hereafter may happen to be in thraldome and bondage vnder the sayde Grand Signor and his vassals or subiects And also good and profitable vent and vtterance of the commodities of our Realme and sundrie other great benefites to the aduancement of our honour and dignitie Royall the maintenance of our Nauie the encrease of our customes and the reuenues of our Crowne and generally the great wealth of our whole Realme And whereas we are enformed of the sayd Edward Osborne knight William Hareborne and Richard Staper that George Barne Richard Martine Iohn Harte knights and other marchants of our sayd Citie of London haue by the space of eight or nine yeeres past ioyned themselues in companie trade and traffike with them the sayd Edward Osborne knight William Hareborne and Richard Staper into the sayde dominions of the sayd great Turke to the furtherance thereof and the good of the Realme And whereas â—urther it is made knowen vnto vs that within fewe yeeres now past our louing and good subiects Thomas Cordall Edward Holmeden William Garraway and Paul Banning and sundry other marchants of our said Citie of London haue likewise at their great costes and charges builded and furnished diuerse good and seruiceable shippes and therewith to their like costs and charges haue traded and frequented and from time to time doe trade and frequent and traffike by sea with the commodities of our Realme to Venice Zante Candie and Zephalonia and other the dominions of the Segniorie and State of Venice and thereby haue made and mainteyned and doe make and continually maintaine diuers good shippes with mariners skilfull and â—itte and necessarie for our seruice and doe vent out of our Realme into those partes diuerse commodities of our Realme and returne hither into our sayde Realme many good and necessarie commodities for the common wealth thereof All which traffike as well inward as outward vntill it hath beene otherwise brought to passe by the sayde endeuours costs and charges of our sayde subiects was in effect by our subiectes wholy discontinued Knowe yee that hereupon we greatly tendring the wealth of our people and the encouragement of them and other our louing subiects in their good enterprises for the aduancement of lawfull traffike to the benefite of our common wealth haue of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion giuen and graunted and by these presents for vs our heyres and successours doe giue and grount vnto our sayd trustie and welbeloued subiectes Edwarde Osborne Knight George Barne Knight George Bonde knight Richard Martine knight Iohn Harte knight Iohn Hawkins knight William Massam Iohn Spencer Richard Saltonstall Nicholas Mosley Aldermen of our sayde Citie of London William Hareborne Edwarde Barton William Borrough Esquires Richard Staper Thomas Cordall Henrie Paruis Thomas Laurence Edwarde Holmeden William Garraway Robert Dowe Paul Banning Roger Clarke Henrie Anderson Robert Offley Philip Grimes Andrewe Banning Iames Staper Robert Sadler Leonarde Power George Salter Nicholas Leate Iohn Eldred William Shales Richard May William Wilkes Andrewe Fones Arthur Iackson Edmund Ansell Ralph Ashley Thomas Farrington Roberte Sandie Thomas Garraway Edwarde Lethlande Thomas Dalkins Thomas Norden Robert Baâ—e Edward Sadler Richard Darsall Richard Martine Iunior Ralph Fitch Nicholas Pearde Thomas Simons and Francis Dorrington that they and euery of them by the name of Gouernour and company of Marchants of the Leuant shall from hence foorth for the terme of twelue yeeres next ensuing the date hereof bee one bodie fellowshippe and companie of themselues both in deede and in name And them by the name of Gouernour and companie of marchantes of the Leuant wee doe ordayne incorporate name and declare by these presentes and that the same fellowshippe and companie from hence foorth shall and may haue one Gouernour And in consideration that the sayde Edwarde Osborne Knight hath beene of the chiefe setters foorth and actors in the opening and putting in practise of the sayde trade to the dominions of the sayde Gand Signor Wee doe therefore specially make ordaine and constitute the sayde Edwarde Osborne Knight to bee nowe Gouernour during the time of one whole yeere nowe next following if hee so long shall liue And after the expiration of the sayde yeere or decease of the sayde Edward Osborne the choyse of the next Gouernour and so of euery Gouernour from time to time during the sayde terme of twelue yeeres to be at the election of the sayde fellowshippe or companie of marchantes of the Leuant or the more part of them yeerely to be chosen and that they the sayde Sir Edwarde Osborne and all the residue of the sayde fellowshippe or companie of Marchantes of the Leuant and euerie of them and all the sonnes of them and of euery of them and all such their apprentises and seruants of them and of euery of them which haue beene or hereafter shall be imployed in the sayde trade by the space of foure yeeres or vpwardes by themselues their seruantes factors or deputies shall and may by the space of twelue yeeres from the day of the date of these our letters Patents freely traffike and vse the trade of Marchandize as well by sea as by lande into and from the dominions of the sayde Grand Signor and into and from Venice Zante Candie and Zephalonia and other the dominions of the Signiorie and State of Venice and also by lande through the Countries of the sayde Grand Signor into and from the East India lately discouered by Iohn Newberie Ralph Fitch William Leech and Iames Storie sent with our letters to that purpose at the proper costs and charge of the sayde Marchants or some of them and into and from euerie of them in such order manner forme libertie and condition to all intentes and purposes as shall be betweene them of the sayde fellowshippe or companie of Marchantes of the Leuant or the more part of them for the time being limited and agreed and not otherwise without any molestation impeachment or disturbance any lawe statute vsage or diuersitie of Religion or faith or any other cause or matter whatsoeuer to the contrarie notwithstanding And that the sayde Gouernour and companie of Marchantes of the Leuant or the greater part of them for the better gouernement of the sayde fellowshippe and companie shall and may within fortie dayes next and immediatly following after the date heereof and so from thence foorth yeerely during the continuance of this our graunt assemble themselues in some conuenient place and that they or the greater parte of them being so assembled shall and may elect ordaine nominate and appoint twelue discreete and honest persons of the sayde companie
3. ships and a Pinnesse to the Isles of Dominica Saint Iuan de puerto rico Hispaniola and to the Bay of the Honduras begun in Ianuary 1591. pag. 567 The voyage of M. William king Captaine M. Moore M. How M. Boreman being owners in the Salomon of 200. tunnes and the Iane Bonauenture of 40. tunnes set foorth from Ratcliffe 1592. pag. 570 The voyage of Henry May one of M. Iames Lancaster his company in his nauigation to the East Indies 1591 1592 who in his returne with M. Lancaster by the yles of Trinidad Mona Hispaniola was about Cape Tiburon taken into a French ship vnder the conduct of Capitan de la barbotiero which ship was cast away vpoÌ„ the yles of Bermuda where all the company that escaped drowning remained for certain moneths built themselues a barke sailed to Newfoundland and so home 1593. pag. 573. 574 The voyage of sir Robert Duddeloâ— to the yle of Trinidad and the coast of Paria with his returne homeward by the yles of Granata Santa Cruzâ— Sant Iuan de puerto rico Mona Zacheo the sholdes called Abre ojos and the yle of Bermuda Anno 1594. 1595. pag. 574 The voyage of sir Amias Preston and Captaine George Sommers to the West Indies begun in March 1595 wherein diuers ylands cities townes and forts were part taken and ransomed and part burned pag. 578 The last voyage of sir Francis Drake sir Iohn Hawkins intended for some special seruices on the ylands and maine of the West Indies Anno 1595. In which voyage both the foresaide knights died by sicknes pag. 583 The voyage of siâ— Antony Sherley to S. Iago Dominica Margarita along the coast of Tierra firma to the yle of Iamaica the bay of the Honduras 30. leagues vp Rio dolce and homeward by Newfoundland 1596. pag. 598 The voyage of M. William Parker of Plimmouth to Margarita Iamaica Truxillo Puerto de cauallos c. with his surprize of Campeche the chiefe towne of Iucatan An. 1596 1597. p. 602 The discourses letters intelligences obseruations and principall rutâ—iers belonging to the voyages next before mentioned THe opinion of Don Aluaro Baçan marques of Santa Cruz and high admirall of Spaine touching the flâ—et of sir Francis Drake lying at the isles of Bayona on the coast of Galicia written in Liâ—bon the â—6 of October 1585 after the account of Spaine pag. 532 A resolution of the principall land-captaines which accompanied sir Francis Drake in his memorable voyage to the West Indies 1585 what course they thought most expedient to be taken Giuen at Cartagena the 17 of February 1585. pag. 543 A relation of the surueying new buildingâ— finishing making and mending of certeine ports harboursâ— forts and cities in the West Indies written by Baptista Antonio the king of Spaines surueyour in those parts 1587. pag. 548 Twelue Spanisâ— letters written from diuers places of the islands and of the maine land aswell of Nueua Espanna as of Tierra firma and Perú intercepted by the ships of the worshipfull M. Iohn Wats disclosing many secrets toâ—ching the aforesayd countreys and the state of the South sea and the trade to the Philippinas pag. 557. and the pages following The interpretation of certeine words of the language of Trinidad annexed to the voyage of sir Robert Duddeley pag. 577 A libell of Spanish lies written by Don Bernaldino delgadillo de Auellaneda generall of the king of Spaines armada concerning some part of the last voyage of sir Francis Drake together with a confutation thereof by M. Henry Sauile c. pag. 591 593. An excellent ruttier for the islands of â—he West Indies and for Tierra firma and Nueua Espanna pag. 603 A principall ruttier conteining most particular directions to saile from Saint Lucar in Andaluzia by the Canaries the Antillas and the other greater Isles Westward of them to Saint Iuan de Vllua in Nueua Espanna pag. 613 A declaration of the Capes and Islands aswell of Madera the Canaries and The west Indies as of the Açores and the Isles of Cabo Verde pag. 624. A declaration of the longitudes or Westerne and Easterne distances from Spaine to New Spaine in America and from thence backe againe to Spaine pag. 626 A catalogue of certaine voyages made for the discouery of the large rich and beautifull empire of Guiana by sir Walter Ralegh and others at his charges and appointment THe voyage of sir Walter Ralegh himselfe to the Isle of Trinidad where he tooke the citie of Saint Iosepho and Don Antonio de Berreo the captaine thereof from whence with a barge and certaine boates he passed vp the bay of Guanipa the riuer of Amana one of the mouths of the great Orenoque the maine riuer of Orenoque it selfe and other riuers for the space of 400. miles and in his returne homeward sacked burnt the town of Cumaná 1595. pag. 631 The second voyage to Guiana performed and written in the yeere 1596. by Laurence Kâ—ymis gentleman pag. 672 The 3. voyage set forth by sir Waltâ—r Ralegh to Guiana with a pinnesse called The Wat begun in the yere 1596. written by M. Thomas Masham a gentleman of the company pag. 692 The Epistles Discourses Intercepted letters Obseruations and Intelligences preceding and depending vpon the voyages to Guiana THe Epistle Dedicatorie of sir Walter Ralegh to the right honourable the L. Charles Howard knight of the Garter c. and sir Robert Cecil Councellour c. pag. 627 The Epistle of sir Walter Ralegh to the reader pag. 629 An aduertisement to the Reader concerning certaine letters of the Spaniards intercepted at Sea pag. 662 Foure seuerall testimonies concerning the rich Empire of Guiana called by the Spaniards El Nueuo Dorado collected out of certaine Spanish letters taken at sea by captaine George Popham anno 1594. pag. 663 Foure personall reports of certaine Spaniards and of a Frenchman concerning El Nueuo Dorado 665. and 666 The Epistle of master Laurence Keymis to the reader pag. 667 De Guiana carmen Epicum pag. 668 A table of the names of the riuers nations townes and Caciques or captaines which were discouered in the voyage of M. Laurence Keymis before mentioned pag. 687 A catalogue of the names of those worthy Spaniards that haue sought to discouer and conquer Guiana pag. 690 An aduertisement of M. Laurence Keymis to the reader pag. 691 Three testimonies of Iosepho de Acosta concerning the mightie riuer of Amazones or Orellana and of the downefall of waters at the head thereof called El Pongo and likewise of the Empire of Dorado or Guiana and of the golden countrey of Paytiti pag. 698 A briefe description of the foresayd riuer of Amazones or Orellana and of the countries thereabout as also of the sea of fresh water taken out of an ancient discourse written by Martin Fernandez de Ençiça pag. 699 Certaine voyages nauigations and traffiques both ancient and of late to diuers places vpon the coast of Brasill THe first voyage of M.
THE PRINCIPAL NAVIGATIONS VOYAGES TRAFFIQVES AND DISCOVEries of the English Nation made by Sea or ouer-land to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the Earth at any time within the compasse of these 1600 yeres Diuided into three seuerall Volumes according to the positions of the Regions whereunto they were directed The first Volume containeth the worthy Discoueries c. of the English toward the North and Northeast by Sea as of Lapland Scrikfinia Corelia the Baie of S. Nicolas the Isles of Colgoieue Vaigatz and Nona Zembla toward the great Riuer Ob with the mighty Empire of Russia the Caspian Sea Georgia Armenia Media Persia Boghar in Bactria and diuers kingdomes of Tartaria Together with many notable monuments and testimonies of the ancient forren trades and of the warrelike and other shipping of this Realme of England in former ages VVhereunto is annexed a briefe Commentary of the true state of Island and of the Northren Seas and lands situate that way As also the memorable defeat of the Spanish huge Armada Anno 1588. ¶ The second Volume comprehendeth the principall Nauigations Voyages Traffiques and discoueries of the English Nation made by Sea or ouer-land to the South and South-east parts of the World as well within as without the Streight of Gibraltar at any time within the compasse of these 1600. yeres Diuided into two seueral parts c. ¶ By RICHARD HAKLVYT Preacher and sometime Student of Christ-Church in Oxford Imprinted at London by George Bishop Ralph Newberie and Robert Barker ANNO 1599. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE MY SINGVLAR GOOD LORD THE LORD CHARLES HOVVARD Erle of Notingham Baron of Effingham Knight of the noble Order of the Garter Lord high Admirall of England Ireland and Wales c. one of her Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsell RIght Honourable and my very good Lord after I had long since published in Print many Nauigations and Discoueries of Strangers in diuers languages as well here at London as in the citie of Paris during my fiue yeeres abode in France with the woorthie Knight Sir Edward Stafford your brother in lawe her Maiesties most prudent and carefull Ambassador ligier with the French King and had waded on still farther and farther in the sweet studie of the historie of Cosmographie I began at length to conceiue that with diligent obseruation some thing might be gathered which might commend our nation for their high courage and singular actiuitie in the Search and Discouerie of the most vnknowen quarters of the world Howbeit seeing no man to step forth to vndertake the recording of so many memorable actions but euery man to folow his priuate affaires the ardent loue of my countrey deuoured all difficulties and as it were with a sharpe goad prouoked me and thrust me forward into this most troublesome and painfull action And after great charges and infinite cares after many watchings toiles and trauels and wearying out of my weake body at length I haue collected three seuerall Volumes of the English Nauigations Traffiques and Discoueries to strange remote and farre distant countreys Which worke of mine I haue not included within the compasse of things onely done in these latter dayes as though litle or nothing woorthie of memorie had bene performed in former ages but mounting aloft by the space of many hundred yeeres haue brought to light many very rare and worthy monuments which long haue lien miserably scattered in mustie corners retchlesly hidden in mistie darkenesse and were very like for the greatest part to haue bene buried in perpetuall obliuion The first Volume of this worke I haue thus for the present brought to light reseruing the other two vntill the next Spring when by Gods grace they shall come to the Presse In the meane season bethinking my selfe of some munificent and bountifull Patrone I called to mind your honorable Lordship who both in regard of my particular obligation and also in respect of the subiect and matter might iustly chalenge the Patronage thereof For first I remembred how much I was bound and how deeply indebted for my yongest brother Edmund Hackluyt to whom for the space of foure whole yeeres your Lordship committed the gouernment and instruction of that honorable yong noble man your sonne heire apparant the lord William Howard of whose high spirit and wonderful towardlinesse full many a time hath he boasted vnto me Secondly the bounden duetie which I owe to your most deare sister the lady Sheffield my singular good lady honorable mistresse admonished me to be mindfull of the renoumed familie of the Howards Thirdly when I found in the first Patent graunted by Queene Marie to the Moscouie companie that my lord your â—ather being then lord high Admirall of England was one of the first fauourers and furtherers with his purse and countenance of the strange and wonderfull Discouerie of Russia the chiefe contents of this present Volume then I remeÌ„bred the sage saying of sweet Isocrates That sonnes ought not onely to be inheriters of their fathers substance but also of their commendable vertues and honours But what speake I of your ancestors honors which to say the trueth are very great and such as our Chronicles haue notably blazoned when as your owne Heroicall actions from time to time haue shewed themselues so admirable as no antiquitie hath affoorded greater and the future times will not in haste I thinke performe the like To come to some particulars when the Emperors sister the spouse of Spaine with a Fleete of an 130. sailes stoutly and proudly passed the narow Seas your Lordship accompanied with ten ships onely of her Maiesties Nauie Roiall enuironed their Fleet in most strange and warrelike sort enforced them to stoope gallant and to vaile their bonets for the Queene of England and made them perfectly to vnderstand that olde speach of the prince of Poets Non illi imperium pelagi saeuúmque tridentem sed tibi sorte datum Yet after they had acknowledged their dutie your lordship on her Maiesties behalfe conducted her safely through our English chanell and performed all good offices of honor and humanitie to that forren Princesse At that time all England beholding your most honorable cariage of your selfe in that so weightie seruice began to cast an extraordinarie eie vpon your lordship and deeply to conceiue that singular hope which since by your most worthie wonderfull seruice your L hath more then fully satiâ—fied I meane among others that glorious triumphant and thrise-happy victory atchieued against that huge and haultie Spanish Armada which is notably described in the ende of this volume wherein being chiefe and sole Commander vnder her sacred and roiall Maiestie your noble gouernment and worthy behauior your high wisedom discretion and happinesse accompanied with the heauenly blessing of the Almightie are shewed most euidently to haue bene such as all posteritie and succeeding ages shall neuer cease to sing and resound your infinite prayse and eternall commendations As for the late renoumed expedition
and purposely described all the Northerne Islands with the indrawing seas and the record thereof at his returne he deliuered to the king of England The name of which booke is Inuentio Fortunata aliter fortunae qui liber incipit a gradu 54. vsque ad polum Which frier for sundry purposes after that did fiue times passe from England thither and home againe It is to be noted that from the hauen of Linne in Norfolke whereof the foresaid Francisan frier tooke his name to Island it is not aboue a fortnights sailing with an ordinarie winde and hath bene of many yeeres a very common and vsuall trade which further appeareth by the priuileges granted to the Fishermen of the towne of Blacknie in the said Countie of Norfolke by king Edward the third for their exemption and freedome from his ordinary seruice in respect of their trade to Island The voyage of Henry Earle of Derbie after Duke of Hereford and lastly king of England by the name of Henry the fourth An. Dom. 1390. into Prussia and Lettowe against the infidels recorded by Thomas of Walsingham DDominus Henricus Comes de Derbie per idem tempus profectus est in le Pruys vbi cum adjutorio marescalli dictae patriae cujusdam Regis vocati Wytot deuicit exercitum Regis de Lettowe captis quatuor ducibus tribus peremptis amplius quam trecentis de valentioribus exercitus supradicti pariter interemptis Ciuitas quoque vocatur Will in cujus castellum Rex de Lettowe nomine Skirgalle confugerat potenti virtute dicti Comitis maximè aâ—que suorum capta est Namque qui fuerunt de famâ—lia sâ— primi murum ascenderant vexillum ejus super muros caeteris vel torpentibus vel ignorantibus posuerunt Captaque sunt ibi vel occisa quatuor millia plebanorum fratre Regis de Poleyn inter caeteros ibi perempto qui aduersarius nostri fuitâ— Obsessumque fuit castrum dictae Ciuitatis per quinque hebdomadas Sed propter infirmitates quibus vexabatur exercitus magistri de Pruys de Lifland noluerunt diutius expectare Facti sunt Christiani de gente de Lettowe octo Et magister de Lifland duxit secum in suam patriam tria millia captiuorum The same in English ABout the same time L. Henry the Earle of Derbie trauailed into Prussia where with the helpe of the Marshall of the same Prouince and of a certaine king called Wytot hee vanquished the armie of the king of Lettowe with the captiuitie of foure Lithuanian Dukes and the slaughter of three besides more then three hundred of the principall common souldiers of the sayd armie which were slaine The Citie also which is called Wil or Vilna into the castle whereof the king of Lettow named Skirgalle fled for his sauegard was by the valour of the sayd Earle especially and of his followers surprised and taken For certaine of the chiefe men of his familie while others were slouthfull or at least ignorant of their intent skaling the walles aduanced his colours thereupon And there were taken and slaine foure thousand of the common souldiers and amongst others was slaine the king of Poland his brother who was our professed enemie And the castle of the foresaid Citie was besieged for the space of fiue weekes but by reason of the infirmities and inconueniences wherewith the whole armie was annoyed the great masters of Prussia and of Lifland would not stay any longer There were conuerted of the nation of Lettowe eight persons vnto the Christian faith And the master of Lifland carried home with him into his countrey three thousand captiues The voyage of Thomas of VVoodstocke Duke of Glocester into Prussia in the yeere 1391. written by Thomas Walsingham EOdem tempore dux Glouerniae Dominus Thomas de Woodstock multis moerentibus iter apparauit versùs le Pruys quem non Londinensium gemitus non communis vulgi moeror retinere poterant quiâ— proficisci vellet Nam plebs communis tà m Vrbana quà m rustica metuebant quòd eo absente aliquod nouum detrimentum succresceret quo praesente nihil tale timebant Siquidèm in eo spes solatium totius patriae reposita videbantur Ipse verò mòx vt fines patriae suae transijt illicò aduersa agitatus fortuna nunc hà c nunc illà c turbinibus procellosis circumfertur in tantum destituitur vt de vita etiam desperaret Tandem post Daciam post Norwagiam post Scoticam barbariem non sine mortis pauore transcursam peruenit Northumbriam ad castellum se contulit de Tinnemutha velùt assylum antiquitùs notum sibi vbi per aliquot dies recreatus iter assumpsit versus manerium suum de Plashy magnum apportans gaudium toti regno tam de ejus euasione quà m de aduentu suo The same in English AT the same time the Duke of Glocester Lord Thomas of Woodstock the yongest sonne of Edward the third to the great griefe of many tooke his iourney towards Prussia whom neither the Londoners mones nor yet the lamentation of the communaltie could restraine from his intended expedition For the common people both of the Citie and of the countrey feared lest in his absence some newe calamitie might happen which they feared not while he was present For in him the whole nation seemed to repose their hope and comfort Howbeit hauing skarce passed as yet the bounds of his owne countrey he was immediatly by hard fortune tossed vp and downe with dangerous stormes and tempests and was brought into such distresse that he despaired euen of his owne life At length hauing not without danger of death sailed along the coastes of Denmarke Norway and Scotland he returned into Northumberland and went to the castle of Tinmouth as vnto a place of refuge knowen of olde vnto him where after hee had refreshed himselfe a fewe dayes hee tooke his iourney toward his Mannour of Plashy bringing great ioy vnto the whole kingdome aswell in regard of his safetie as of his returne The verâ—es of Geofrey Chaucer in the knights Prologue who liuing in the yeere 1402. as hee writeth himselfe in his Epistle of Cupide shewed that the English Knights after the losse of Acon were wont in his time to trauaile into Prussia and Lettowe and other heathen lands to aduance the Christian faith against Infidels and miscreants and to seeke honour by feats of armes The English Knights Prologue A Knight there was and that a worthie man that from the time that he first began to riden out he loued Cheualrie trouth honour freedome and Curtesie full worthy was he in his lords warre and thereto had hee ridden no man farre As well in Christendome as in Heathennesse and euer had honour for his worthinesse At Alisandre hee was when it was wonne full oft time hee had the bourd begon abouen all nations in Pruce In Lettowe had hee riden and in
Kingdome and buy and sell in the Citie of London Wherefore we will and firmely command for vs and our heires that the forenamed Marchants of Colen may enioy the liberties and free priuiledges aboue-mentioned throughout our whole kingdome of England as is aforesaid Witnesses the reuerend father Walter Bishop of Carlil William de Ferarijs Gilbert Basset Walter de Beau-champ Hugh Disspenser Walter Marescal Geofrie Disspensser Bartholomew Peach Bartholomew de Saukeuill and others Giuen by the hand of the reuerend father Ralph Bishop of Chichester and our Chauncellour at Dauintre the eight day of Nouember in the twentieth yeere of our reigne Carta Lubecensibus ad septennium concessa Anno 41. Henrici 3. HEnricus dei gracia Rex Angliae dominus Hiberniae dux Normanniae Aquitaniae Comes Andegauiae omnibus Balliuis suis salutem Sciatis nos ad instantiam dilecti fidelis fratris nostri Ricardi Comitis Cornubiae in Regem Romanorum electi suscepisse in protectionem defensionem nostram saluum securum conductum nostrum Burgenses de Lubek in Alemania cum omnibus rebus mercandisis quas in Regnum nostrum deferent vel facient deferri Et eis concessimus quod de omnibus rebus mercandisis suis nihil capiatur ad opus nostrum vel alterius contra voluntatem corundem sed libere vendant negocientur inde in Regno praedicto prout sibi viderint expedite Et ideo vobis mandamus quod dictis Burgensibus vel eorum nuncijs in veniendo in terram nostram cum rebus mercandisis suis ibidem morando inde recedendo nullum inseratis aut ab alijs inferri permittatis impedimentum aut grauamen Nec eos contra quietantiam praedictam vexetis aut ab alijs vexari permittatis In cuius rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes per septennium durantes Dum tamen ijdem Burgenses interim bene fideliter se habuerint erga praefatum electum fratrem nostrum Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium vndecimo die Maij Anno Regni nostri quadragesimo primo Haec litera duplicata est pro Burgensibus mercatoribus Dacis Brunswig Lubek The same in English The charter of Lubek granted for seuen yeeres obtained in the one and fortieth yeere of Henry the third HEnry by the grace of God King of England Lord of Ireland Duke of Normandie and Aquitaine and Earle of Anjou to all his Bailifs sendeth greeting Know ye that at the instant request of our welbeloued and trusty brother Richard Earle of Cornewal being of late elected king of the Romanes we haue receiued vnder our protection and defence and vnder our safe and secure conduct the citizens of Lubek in Alemain with all their goods and wares which they shall bring or cause to be brought into our kingdome We haue also granted vnto them that of all their goods and merchandize nothing shal be seized vnto the vse of our selues or of any other without their owne consent but that they may freely sell and exercise traffike therewith according as they shall thinke expedient And therefore we straightly command you that neither your selues do offer nor that you permit any other to offer any impediment or molestation vnto the said Burgers or vnto their messengers either at their comming into our land with their goods and marchandize in the time of their abode there or at their departure from thence and that yee neither molest them your selues nor yet suffer them by others to be molested contrary to the aforesaid Charter In testimonie whereof we haue caused these our Letters to be made Patents during the space of seuen yeeres next following Prouided that the sayd Burghers doe in the meane time behaue themselues well and faithfully towards our foresaid elected brother Witnesse our selues at Westminster the eleuenth day of March in the one and fortieth yeere of our reigne This Letter was doubled namely for the Burghers and the Marchants of Denmarke of Brunswig and of Lubecke Carta pro Mercatoribus Alemanniae qui habent domum in London quae Gildhalla Teutonicorum vulgariter nuncupatur Anno 44. Henriciterty Anno primo 29. Edwardi primi renouata confirmata AD instantiam Serenissimi principis Richardi Romanorum Regis charissimi fratris nostri concedimus mercatoribus Alemanniae illis videlicet qui habent domum in Ciuitate nostra London quae Gildhalla Teutonicorum vulgariter nuncupatur quod eos vniuersos manutenebimus per totum RegnuÌ„ nostrum in omnibus ijsdem libertatibus liberis consuetudinibus quibus ipsi nostris progenitorum nostrorum temporibus vsi sunt gauisi Ipsosque extra huiâ—sinodi libertates liberas consuetudines non trahemus nec trahi aliquatenus permittemus In cuius rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes The same in English A charter for the Marchants of Almaine who haue an house at London commonly called the Guildhall of the Dutch graunted in the 44. yeere of Henry the third renued and confirmed in the 1. 29. yeere of Edward the first AT the instant request of the most gracious Prince Richard king of the Romanes our most deare brother wee doe graunt vnto the Marchants of Alemain namely vnto those that haue an house in our citie of London commonly called the Guildhall of the Dutch Merchants that we will throughout our whole Realme maintaine all and euery of them in all those liberties and free customes which both in our times and in the times of our progenitors they haue vsed and enioyed Neither will we inforce them beyond these liberties and free customes nor in any wife permit them to be inforced In witnesse whereof wee haue caused these our letters to be made patents Mandatum regis Edwardi primi de mercatoribus alienigenis MErcatores extranei vendant mercimonia sua in ciuitate London c. infra quadraginta dies post ingressum suum anno 3. Edwardi primi The same in English A mandate of king Edward the first concerning outlandish marchants VVE will and command that outlandish marchants doe sel their wares in the citie of London c. within forty dayes of their arriuall The great Charter granted vnto forreine marchants by king Edward the first in the 31 yeare of his reigne commonly called Carta mercatoria Anno Domini 1303. EDwardus Dei gratia Rex Angliae Dominus Hiberniae dux Aquitaniae Archiepiscopis Episcopis Abbatibus Prioribus Comitibus Baronibus Iustitiarijs Vicecomitibus praepositis ministris omnibus balliuis fidelibus suis salutem Circa bonum statum omnium mercatorum subscriptorum regnorum terrarum prouinciatum videlicet Alemanniae Franciae Hispaniae Protugalliae Nauarrae Lombardiae Thusciae Prouincie Cataloniae ducatus nostri Aquitaniae Tholosanie Caturluni Flandriae Brabantie omnium aliarum terrarum locorum extraneorum quocunque nomine censeantur venientium in regnum nostrum Anglie ibidem
suorum deliberationem praecipere curaretis vestrae serenitati Regiae nostras nuper transmisimus literas speciales Sed vos retentis adhuc in carcere nostris mercatoribus sicut prius nobis perâ— literas vestras quas audiuimus intelleximus diligenter inter caetera rescripsistis quod quidam mercatores de regno vestro de iniurijs violentijs arrestationibus quibus in regno nostro his diebus sunt vt asserunt contra iustitiam aggrauati multipliciter conqueruntur adijciendo in vestris literis memoratis quod quidam iniquitatis silij in villa Lennae ad piscandum vt dicebant halecia venientes quendam militem Balhuum vestrum in Vikia vnà cum decem alijs subditis vestris in vestris regni vestri negorijs existentibus crudeliter occiderunt Super quibus mens nostra grauatur quà m plurimum turbatur praesertim quum nunquam nostrae fuerit voluntatis quod iniuriae violentiae seu arrestationes aliquae mercatoribus vel alijs de regno vestro per aliquos de regno potestate nostris fierent indebitè vel iniustè nec adhuc intelligere possumus quod mercatoribus vestris per aliquem vel aliquos de subditis nostris huc vsque aliter factum fuerit Scientes pro certo quod si nobis per inquisitiones legitimas constare poterit huiusmodi grauamina subditis vestris infra regnum nostrum illata fuisse nos sufficientes emendas satisfactiones debitas super illis celerÃsque iustitiae complementum fieri faciemus Et insuper sâ—malefactores praedicti qui praefatum militem alios secum existentes vt praemiâ—titur occiâ—erunt de regno seu potestate nostra sint vel infrà idem regnum vel potestatem poterunt inueniri de ipsis iudicium iustitiam fieri praecâ—piemus secundùm Leges consuetudines regni nostri Et quia inter nos vos nostrósque vestros subditos hinc inde foueri desideramus mutuam concordiam amorem ita quod mercatores nostri vestri mercandisas suas in nostris vestris regnis dominijs liberè absque impedimento valeant exercere prout temporibus progenitorum nostrorum fieri consueuit ex dictarum literarum vestrarum seâ—ie collegimus euidenter vos promptos esse similiter paratos ad omnia singula quae pro vobis vestris subditis super discordijs contentionibus aut grauaminibus inter nostros vestros subditos qualitercunque suscitatis pro bono pacis iustitiae fuerint aeqâ—animiter facienda Nos consimilia pro nobis nostris quantum ad nos ad ipsos attinet illius amore qui pacis author fore dinoscitur pro quiete commodo populi vtriusque regnorum nostrorum quatenus ius ratio dictitauerint promittimus nos facturos Vestram amicitiam requirentes obnixius roganâ—â—s quatenus mercatores nostros praedictos qui adhuc superstites relinquuntur quos etiam tempore quo dicta felonia committi dicebatur interclusos tenebat custodia carceralis iubere velitis nostri contemplatione zelóque iustitiae ab huiusmodi custodia liberari bona ab ipsis capta eis prout iustum fuerit restitui faciendo Et vt deliberatio mercatorum nostrorum praedictorum bonorum suorum eò facilius concedatur place at vobis cum diligentia debira ponderare quod Galfridus Drewe quidam alij mercatores nostri de Lenne quibusdam mercatoribus de regno vestro occasione eiusdem grauaminis ipsis mercatoribus vestris ad sectam Tideman ni Lippe infrà regnum noâ—trum vt dicebatur illati centum libras sterlingorum perâ—oluerunt sicut in quodam scripto indentato inter Ingelramum Lende de Thorenden quosdam alios mercatores vestros ex parte vna praefatum Galfridum quosdam alios de regno nostro similiter ex altera confecto vidimus contineri Si qui verò de subditis vestris de aliquibus subditis nostris de aliqua iniuria ipsis facta querelas in curia nostra deponere voluerint prosequi cum effectu ipsorum subditorum vestrorum petitiones admitti eis super querelis huiusmodi plenam celerem iustitiaÌ„ fieri faciemus Ita quod ijdem subditi vestri exinde reputare debebunt meritò se contentos Et interim de excessibus grauaminibus subditis vestris infrà regnum nostrum qualitercunque illatis inquiti faciemus cum diligentia veritatem Vestrae igitur voluntatis beneplacitum in premissis nobis rescribere velitis per presentium portitorem Datae apud Westminster tertio die Aprilis The same in English TO the mightie Prince king Haquinus by the grace of God the famous king of Norway his most deare friend Edward by the same grace of God king of England lord of Ireland Duke of Aquitaine greeting and sincere loue We sent of late vnto your royall maiestie our special letters for the behalfe of our late marchants of Lenne and of the coast adioyning whome your baily and officers of the citie of Bergen lately apprehended committing them to close prison many of whome as we vnderstand are for want of due nourishment and by reason of the extremitie loathsomnesse of the prison quite perished that you would cause them and their goods to bee released Howbeit you reteining as yet our marchants in durance as before in your letters which we haue diligently heard and throughly vnderstood haue amongst other matters returned this answere vnto vs that certaine marchants of your kingdome doe make sundrie complaints of iniuries violences and arrests whereby they haue lately as themselues auouch contrary to iustice bene aggrieued and oppressed in our dominions adding moreouer in your sayde letters that certaine sonnes of iniquitie of the towne of Lenne comming as they saide to fish for herrings cruelly murthered a certaine Knight who was in times past your bayliffe of Vikia together with ten others of your subiects being imployed about the affaires of your kingdome In consideration whereof our minde is exceedingly and aboue measure grieued and troubled especially sithence it was neuer any part of our intent that any iniuries violences or arrests should vniustly be inflicted vpon any marchants or any others of your realme by any of our kingdomes neither can we as yet haue any intelligence that any such hard measure hath bene offered vnto any of your marchants by any one or moe of our subiects giuing you for a certaintie to vnderstand that if vpon lawfull inquisition we shal be aduertised of any such grieuances which haue bene offered vnto your subiects within our realme we will cause speedie iustice to be administred and sufficient recompence and due satisfaction to be made in regarde thereof And moreouer if the saide malefactors which as it is aforesaid slewe the forenamed Knight and others of his companie either be appertaining vnto our kingdome and dominion or may at any time be found within our saide kingdome or
or 24 at the most There are many other trifles in Russia as sope mats c. but I thinke there will bee no great account made of them The letters of king Philip and Queene Marie to Iuan Vasiliuich the Emperour of Russia written the first of April 1555 and in the second voyage PHilip and Marie by the grace of God King and Queene of England France Naples Ierusalem and Ireland defenders of the faith Princes of Spaine and Sicilie Archdukes of Austrich Dukes of Burgundie Millaine and Brabant Countries of Haspurge Flanders and Tiroll To the right High right Mightie and right excellent Prince garnished with all gifts of nature by Gods graâ—e Iohn Vaâ—iliuich Emperour of all Russia great Duke of Volodemer Mosco and Nouogrod King of Cazan King of Astracan Lord of Plesco and great Duke of Smolensko of Tueria Ioughoria Permia Vadska Bulghoria and others Lorde and great Duke of Nouogrod of the lowe Countrey of Chernigo Rezan Polotskay Rostoue Yeraslaue Bealozera Liefland Oudoria Obdoria and Condensa Commander of all Siberia and of the North partes and lord of many other countreys greeting Whereas by the consent and licence of our most deare and entirely beleued late brother King Edward the sixt whose soule God pardon sundrie of our subiects marchants of the citie of London within this our realme of England did at their owne proper costs and aduenture furnish three shippes to discouer serch and find lands Islands regions and territories before this aduenture not knowen ne commonly hâ—unted and frequented by seas The one of the which three shippes named the Edward Bonauenture whereof our right welbeloued Richard Chancelour was then gouernour and great Captaine chanced by the grace of God and the good conduct of the sayd Chancelour to arriue and winter in the North part of your Empire of Russia Forasmuch as we be credibly informed by the report of our trustie and welbeloued subiect that your Maiestie did not onely call him and certaine of his company to your emperiall presence and speech entertayned and banqueted them with all humanitie and gentlenes but also being thereunto requested partly by the letters of our said brother partly by request of the sayd Richard Chancelour haue by your letters patents vnder your seale among other things granted That all such marchants as shall come forth of anie of our realms of England or Ireland withal maner of wares if they wil trauel or occupie within your dominions The same marchants with their marchandises in al your lordship may freely at their libertie trauaile out and in without hinderance or any maner of losse And of your farther ample goodnesse haue promised that our ambassadours if wee send any shall with free good will passe to and from you without any hinderance or losse with such message as shall come vnto you and to returne the same to our kingdomes well answered as by the same your letters written in your lordly Palace and Castle of Mosco in the yeere 7063 the moneth of Februarie more at large appeareth Like as wee cannot but much commend your princely fauour and goodnesse and in like manner thanke you for the aboundant grace extended to the sayd Richard Chancelour and others our subiects marchants Euen so these are to pray and request you to continue the same beneuolence toward them and other our marchants and subiects which doe or heereafter shall resorte to your countrey And for the more assurance and incouragement to trade and exercise the feate of marchandise with your subiects and all other marchants within your dominions that it may please you at this our contemplation to assigne and authorise such Commissaries as you shall thinke meete to trade and conferre with our welbeloued subiects and marchants the sayd Richard Chancelour George Killing worth Richard Graie bearers of these our letters who are by vs authoriseâ— for that purpose and to confirme and graunt such other liberties and priuiledges vnto the Gouernour Consuls Assistants and Communaltie of the fellowship of the saide Marchants as the said bearers in their name propone and require by you to be granted for their safe conduct good gouernment and order to bee erected and continued among them in your saide dominions And this with such your clemencie and expedition as wee vpon the next arriuall of the saide Richard Chancelour may bee enformed of your gracious disposition and answere Which your beneuolences so to bee extended wee bee minded to requite towards any your subiects Marchants that shal frequent this our realme at your contemplation therefore to be made Thus right high right Excellent and right mightie Almightie God the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost haue you in his blessed keeping Giuen vnder our seale at our Palace of Westminster the first of April in the yere from the blessed incarnation of our Sauiour Iesus Christ 1555. and in the first and second yeeres of our reignes Articles conceiued and determined for the Commission of the Merchants of this company resiant in Russia and at the VVarhouse for the second voyage 1555. the first of May as followeth FIrst the Gouernour Consuls Assistants and whole company assembled this day in open court committeth and authorizeth Richard Gray and George Killing worth iointly and seuerally to be Agents Factors and Atturneis generall and speciall for the whole body of this companie to buy sel trucke change and permute al and euery kind and kindes of wares marchandizes and goods to the said company appertaining now laden shipped in the good ship called the Edward Bonauenture appointed for Russia the same â—o vtter and sell to the best commoditie profit and aduantage of the said corporation be it for ready money wares marchandises or truck presently or for time as occasion benefit of the company shal require and all such wares as they or either of them shal buy trucke or prouide or cause to be bought for the company to lade theÌ„ homeward in good order and condition as by prudent course of marchandises shall and ought to appertaine which article extendeth also to Iohn Brooke for the Wardhouse as in the 17. and 18. articles of this commission appeareth 2 Item it is also committed as aboue to the said Agents to binde charge the said company by debt for wares vpon credit as good opportunitie and occasion shal serue with power to charge and bind the said company and their successors for the paiments of such things as shal be taken vp for credite and the said Agents to be relieued ab opere satis dandi 3 Item full authoritie and power is committed to the said first named factors together with Richard Chancelor grand Pilot of this fleete to repaire to the Emperors court there to present the king and Queenes Maiesties letters written in Greeke Polish and Italian and to giue and exhibite the marchants presents at such time and place as shal be thought most expedient they or one of them to demand and humbly desire of y
night Shally Murzey sonne to the king of Hircan aforesaid who fauoured me very much for that I was commended vnto him from his father willed mee not to doubt of any thing putting mee in hope that I should haue good successe with the Sophie and good intertainment Thus I continued for a time dayly resorting vnto me diuers gentlemen sent by the Sophie to conferre with me especially touching the affaires of the Emperour of Russia and to know by what way I intended to returne into my countrey either by the way that I came or by the way of Ormus and so with the Portingals ships Unto whom I answered that I durst not returne by the way of Ormus the Portingals and wee not being friendes fully perceiuing their meaning for I was aduertised that the saide Sophie meant to haue warres with the Portingals and would haue charged mee that I had bene come for a spie to passe through his dominions vnto the saide Portingaâ—s thinking them and vs to be all one people and calling all by the name of Franks but by the prouidence of God this was preuented After this the said Sophie conferred with his nobilitie and counsel concerning me who perswaded that he should not entertaâ—ne me wel neither dismisse me with letters or gifts considering that I was a Franke and of that nation that was enemie to the great Turke his brother perswading that if he did otherwise and that the newes thereof should come to the knowledge of the Turke it should be a meane to breake their new league and friendship lately concluded disswading further because he had no neede neither that it was requisite for him to haue friendship with vnbeleeuers whose Countreys lay farre from him and that it was best for him to send me with my letters vnto the said great Turke for a present which he was fully determined to haue done at some meet time meaning to send his Ambassadour vnto the said great Turke very shortly after But the king of Hircanes sonne aforesaide vnderstanding this deliberation sent a man in post vnto his father for to declare and impart the purpose vnto him who as a gracious prince considering that I had passed through his dominions and that I had iourneyed for a good intent did write to the Sophie al that which he vnderstood of his said determination that it should not stand with his Maiesties honour to doe mee any harme or displeasure but rather to giue mee good entertainment seeing I was come into his land of my free will and not by constraint and that if hee vsed mee euil there would few strangers resort into his countrey which would bee greatly vnto his hinderance with many other perswasions which after that the saide Sophie had well and throughly pondered and disgested much esteeming the same king of Hircane being one of the valiantest princes vnder him and his nigh kinseman changed his determined purpose and the twentieth of March 1562. he sent to me a rich garment of cloth of golde and so dismissed me without any harme During the time that I soiourned at the sayde City of Casbin diuers merchants out of India came thither vnto mee with whom I conferred for a trade of spices whereunto they answered that they would bring of all sorts so much as we would haue if they were sure of vent whereof I did promise to assure them so that I doubt not but that great abundance thereof may from time to time be there prouided and had The same twentieth day of March I returned from the saide Citie of Casbin where I remayned all the Winter hauing sent away all my Camels before and the thirtieth day I came to the saide Citie of Ardouil and the fifteenth of April vnto Zauat aforesayd where king Obdolowcan was at that present who immediatly sent for me and demaunding of me many questions declared that if it had not bene for him I had bene vtterly cast away and sent to the great Turke for a present by the Sophie through the euill perswasion of his wicked counsell that the Zieties and holy men were the chiefe and principal procurers and moouers thereof but the Sophie himselfe ment mee much good at the first and thought to haue giuen me good entertainement and so had done had not the peace and league fortuned to haue bene coÌ„cluded betweene them and the great Turke Neuerthelesse sayd he the Sophie hath written vnto me to entertaine you well and you are welcome into my Countrey and so he intreated mee very gently in whose Court I remained seuen dayes and obteined of him letters of safe conductes and priuiledges in your names to bee free from paying custome which I deliuered vnto your seruants Thomas Alcocke and George Wrenne at their departure towards Persia for your affaires and his highnesse did giue mee two garments of silke and so dismissed me with great fauour sending with me his Ambassadour againe vnto the Emperour of Russia and committed the chiefest secret of his affaires vnto me to declare the same vnto the Emperours Maiestie at my returne and thus departing the tenth day of April I came to the City of Shamachi and there remayning certaine dayes for prouision of Camels downe to the Sea side I sent from thence before men to repaire my Barke and to make her in a readinesse And during my abode in Shammachi there came vnto me an Armenian sent from the king of Georgia who declared the lamentable estate of the same king that being enclosed betwixt those two cruell tyrants and mightie princes the said great Turke and the Sophie hee had continuall warres with them requiring for the loue of Christ and as I was a Christian that I would send him comfort by the said Armenian and aduise how he might send his Ambassadour to the sayd Emperour of Russia and whether I thought that he would support him or ho and with many other wordes required me to declare his necessitie vnto the same Emperour at my returne adding further that the said king would haue written vnto me his minde but that hee doubted the safe passage of his messenger Unto whom I did likewise answere by word of mouth not onely perswading him to sende his Ambassadour to Russia not doubting but that hee should finde him most honourable and inclined to helpe him but also I directed him his way how the sayde king might send by the Countrey of Chircassi through the fauour of Teneruk king of the sayd Countrey whose daughter the said king had lately married And thus dismissing the saide Armenian within two dayes after I sent Edward Cleark your seruaunt vnto the Citie of Arrash where the most store of Silkes is to be had giuing him Commission to haue passed further into the saide Countrey of Georgia and there to haue repaired vnto the sayde king And after my commendations premised and my minde declared to haue pursued for safeconduct of the same Prince for our Merchants to trade
to the saide fellowship and company nor to any of them to cary and transport or cause to be caried and transported any commodie of this Realme to their newe trade but onely in English ships and to be sailed for the most part with English Mariners nor also to bring into this Realme nor into Flanders from their saide new trade any merchandizes or other commodities but in English ships and sailed for the most part by the English Mariners on paine to forfeit for euery such offence two hundred pounds whereof the one moitie shall be to the Queenes Maiestie her heires and successors the other moitie to the head officers of any port towne hauing any hauen or harborough decayed by what name soeuer they bee incorporate to the reparation of such harborough that will sue for the same in any Court of Record by action bill plaint or information wherein no essoine protection or wager of lawe for the defendant shall be admitted or allowed Prouided also and be it enacted that no maner of person or persons shall from hence forth carrie or transport or cause to bee carried or transported out of this Realme of England any maner of clothes or karsies into any of the partes where the said fellowship and societie is priuiledged to trade by this Act before the same clothes and karsies shall be all dressed and for the most part died within this Realme vpon paine of forfeiture for euery such cloth and karsie otherwise caried and transported fiue pounds the one halfe thereof to the Queenes Maiestie her heires and successors the other halfe to the Master and Wardens of the Clothworkers in the Citie of London for the time being by what name soeuer they be incorporate that wil sue for the same Prouided also that whensoeuer the said societie or company shall willingly withdraw and discontinue wholy by the space of three yeeres in time of peace the discharging of their marchandizes at the road of S. Nicholas bay in Russia and doe not discharge their said merchandizes at some other port or roade lying on that North coast of Russia or other territorie nowe subiect to the saide mightie prince of Russia c. hitherto by the subiects of this realme not commonly frequented that then during the time of any such discontinuance and withdrawing as is aforesaid it shal be lawful to all the subiects of this realme to trade to the Narue onely in English bottoms any thing in this Act to the contrary notwithstanding Prouided also that euery of the Queenes Maiesties Subiects inhabiting within the Citie of Yorke the townes of Newcastle vpon Tine Hull and of Boston hauing continually traded the course of merchandize by the space of ten yeeres and which before the 25. of December that shal be in Anno D. 1567. shal contribute ioyne and put in stocke to with and amongst the said company such summe summes of money as any of the said company which hath throughly continued and contributed to the saide newe trade from the yeere 1552. hath done and before the saide 25. of December 1567. shall do for the furniture of one ordinary full and intire portion or share and do in all things behaue himselfe as others of the said societie be bound to doe and hereafter shall bee bound to do by the priuiledges ordinances and statutes of the saide company shall from the same 25. day of December 1567. be and be accompted free and as one of the saide societie and company and subiect to the priuiledges ordinances and statutes of the saide company reasonably made and to be made any thing in this present Act to the contrary notwithstanding A very briefe remembrance of a voyage made by M. Anthony Ienkinson from London to Moscouia sent from the Queenes Maiestie to the Emperour in the yeere 1566. THe fourth day of May in the yere aforesaid I imbarked my selfe at Grauesend in the good ship called the Harry of London and hauing had a prosperous voyage arriued at the bay of S. Nicholas in Russia the 10. day of Iuly following and immediatly I sent in post to the Emperor to aduertise of my comming and traueiling then thorowe the countrey I with my company came to the Mosco where the Emperour kept his court the 23. of August and foorthwith gaue the Secretarie to vâ—derstand of my arriuall who aduertised the Emperours Maiestie of it and the first day of September being a solemne feast among the Russes I came before the Emperours Maiestie sitting in his seate of honour and hauing kissed his hand and done the Queenes Maiesties commendations and deliuered her Graces letters and present he â—ad me to dinner which I accepted and had much honour done vnto me both then and all the time of my abode in Russia The Priuiledges graunted by the Emperour of Russia to the English merchants of that company obteined the 22. of September Anno 1567. by M. Anthony Ienkinson ONe onely strengthener of all things and God without beginning which was before the world the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost our onely God in Trinitie and maker of all things whom we worship in all things and in all places the doer and fulfiller of all things which is the perfect knowledge giuer of the true God our Lorde Iesus Christ with the comforter the holy Spirit and thou which art the strengthener of our faith keepe vs together giue vs health to preserue our kingdome thou giuer of all good fruites and helper of all Christian beleeuers We great lord by the grace of God and great duke Iohn Vasiliwich of all Russia Volodimer Mosco Nouogrod Cazan Astracan Plesco Smolensko Tweria Yougorie Vadika Bulgar Sybier and others Emperour and great duke of Nouogrod of the lower land of Chernygo Rezan Polotski Rostoue Yereslaue Bealozera Oudoria Obdoria Condensa and lord of many other lands and of all the North parts commander and lord of Liffe-land Whereas our sister Queene Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland hath written to vs her letters that wee would graunt her merchants William Gerrard William Chester Rowland Heyward Lawrence Hussie Iohn Marsh Anthony Ienkinson William Rowly and their company of England to come in ships into this kingdome and those merchants William Gerrard and his company haue required of vs that we would graunt and licence them to come into our countrey of Dwina with all kind of wares at wil to our city of Mosco and to all our castles in our kingdomes we for our sisters sake Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland haue licenced her merchants William Gerrard and his company to passe in ships to our kingdome of Colmogro and to the land of Dwina and to all other our inheritances in the North parts with all kind of wares to our city of Mosco and to all castles and townes in our kingdome And sir William Garrard his company desired of vs that we would grant them licence to passe to
and though I cannot finde things that heretofore I kept in writing and lent out to others yet perusing at London copies of mine old letters to content one that meaneth to pleasure many I haue briefly and as truly as I may drawen out as followeth The rough hewing may be planed at your leasure or as pleaseth him that shall take the paines First the honourable attempt to discouer by sea Northeast and Northwest named for Cathay being chiefly procured by priuiledge from king Edward the sixt and other his nobilitie by and at the cost and sute of M. Sebastian Cabota then gouernor for discoueries with sir Andrew Iudde sir George Barnes sir William Garrard M. Anthony Hussie and a companie of merchants was in the last yeere of his Maiesties reigne 1553. The generall charge whereof was committed to one sir Hugh Willoughbie knight a goodly Gentleman accompanied with sufficient number of Pilots Maisters Merchants and Mariners hauing three shippes well furnished to wit The Bona Sperança the Edward Bonaduenture and the Confidentia The Edward Bonaduenture Richard Chanceller being Pilot and Steuen Burrough Maister hauing discouered Wardhouse vpon the coast of Finmark by storme or fogge departed from the rest found the bay of S. Nicholas now the chiefe port for Russia there wintred in safetie and had ayde of the people at a village called Newnox The other two shippes attempting further Northwards as appeared by pamphlets found after written by sir Hugh Willoughbie were in September encountred with such extreame colde that they put backe to seeke a wintring place and missing the saide baye fell vpon a desert coast in Lappia entring into a Riuer immediately frozen vp since discouered named Arzina Reca distant East from a Russian Monastery of Monkes called Pechingho from whence they neuer returned but all to the number of 70. persons perished which was for want of experience to haue made caues and stoues These were found with the shippes the next Summer Anno 1554. by Russe fishermen and in Anno 1555. the place sent vnto by English Merchants as hereafter appeareth Anno 1554. the sayd shippe Edward Bonaduenture although robbed homewardes by Flemings returned with her company to London shewing and setting foorth their entertainments and discouery of the countreys euen to the citie of Mosco from whence they brought a priuilege written in Russe with the Kings or great Dukes seale the other two shippes looked for and vnknowen to them where they were An. 1555. the said company of Merchants for discouerie vpon a new supply sent thither againe with two ships to wit the Edward Bonaduenture another bearing the name of the King and Queene Philip and Marie whose Maiesties by their letters to the said Moscoâ—ite recommended sundry their subiects then passing wherof certaine to wit Richard Chanceller George Killing worth Henry Lane and Arthur Edwards after their arriuall at the Bay and passing by Dwina to Vologda went first vp to Mosco where vpon knowledge of the said letters they with their traine had speciall entertainment with houses and diet appointed and shortly permitted to they princes presence they were with gentlemen brought through the citie of Mosco to the castle and palace replenished with numbers of people and some gunners They entred sundry roomes furnished in shew with ancient graue personages all in long garments of sundry colours golde tissue baldekin and violet as our vestments and copes haue bene in England sutable with caps iewels and chaines These were found to be no courtiers but ancient Moscouites inhabitants and other their merchants of credite as the maner is furnished thus from the Wardrobe and Treasurie waiting and wearing this apparell for the time and so to restore it Then entring into the presence being a large roome floored with carpets were men of more estate and richer shew in number aboue an hundred set square who after the said English men came in doing reuerence they all stood vp the prince onely sitting and yet rising at any occasion when our King aâ—d Queenes names were read or spoken Then after speeches by interpretation our men kissing his hande and bidden to dinner were stayed in another roome and at dinner brought through where might be seene massie siluer and gilt plate some like and as bigge as kilderkins and washbowles and entring the dining place being the greater roome the prince was sâ—t bare headed his crowne and rich cappe standing vpon a pinnacle by Not farre distant sate his Metropolitane with diuers other of his kindred and chiefe Tartarian Captaines none sate ouer against him or any at other tables their backes towards him which tables all furnished with ghests set there was for the Englishmen named by the Russes Ghosti Carabelski to wit strangers or merchants by ship a table in the middest of the roome where they were set direct against the prince and then began the seruice brought in by a number of his yoong Lordes and Gentlemen in such rich attire as is aboue specified and still from the Princes table notwithstanding their owne furniture they had his whole messes set ouer all in massie fine golde deliuered euery time from him by name to them by their seuerall Christian names as they sate viz. Richard George Henry Arthur Likewise bread and sundry drinkes of purified mead made of fiue white and clarified honie At their rising the prince called them to his table to receiue each one a cup from his hand to drinke and tooke into his hand Master George Killing worths beard which reached ouer the table pleasantly deliuered it the Metropolitane who seeming to blesse it sayd in Russe this is Gods gift As in deede at that time it was not onely thicke broad and yellow coloured but in length fiue foot and two inches of assize Then taking leaue being night they were accompanied and followed with a number carying pots of drinke and dishes of meat dressed to our lodging This yeere the two shippes with the dead bodies of Sir Hugh Willoughbie and his people were sent vnto by Master Killingworth which remained there in Mosco Agent almost two yeeres and much of the goods and victuals were recouered and saued Anno 1556. The company sent two ships for Russia with extraordinary masters and saylers to bring home the two ships which were frozen in Lappia in the riuer of Arzina aforesaid The two ships sent this yeere from England sailing from Lapland to the Bay of S. Nicholas tooke in lading with passengers to wit a Russe ambassador named Ioseph Napea and some of his men shipped with Richard Chanceller in the Edward But so it fel out that the two which came from Lappia with all their new Masters and Mariners neuer were heard of but in foule weather and wrought seas after their two yeeres wintring in Lapland became as is supposed vnstanch and sunke wherein were drowned also diuers Russes merchants and seruants of the ambassadour A third shippe the Edward aforesayd falling on the North
princes There came also Ambassadors from the Emperor of Almaine the Pole the Swethen the Dane c. And since his coronation no enemie of his hath preuailed in his attempts It fell out not long after that the Emperor was desirous to send a message to the most excellent Queene of England for which seruice he thought no man fitter than M. Ierome Horsey supposing that one of the Queenes owne men and subiects would be the more acceptable to her The summe of which message was that the Emperor desired a continuance of that league friendship amitie and intercourse of traffique which was betweene his father and the Queens maiestie and her subiects with other priuate affaires besides which are not to be made common Master Horsey hauing receiued the letters and requests of the Emperour prouided for his iourney ouer land and departed from Mosco the fift day of September thence vnto Otuer to Torshook to great Nouogrod to Vobsky and thence to Nyhouse in Liuonia to Wenden and so to Riga where he was beset and brought foorthwith before a Cardinall called Rageuil but yet suffred to passe in the end From thence to Mito to Golden and Libou in Curland to Memel to Koningsburgh in Prussia to Elbing to Dantzike to Stetine in Pomerland to Rostock to Lubeck to Hamborough to Breme to Emden and by sea to London Being arriued at her maiesties roiall court and hauing deliuered the Emperors letters with good fauour and gracious acceptance he was foorthwith againe commaunded to repasse into Ruffia with other letters from her maiestie to the Emperor and prince Boris Pheodorowich answering the Emperors letters and withall requesting the fauour and friendship which his father had yeelded to the English merchants and hereunto was he earnestly also solicited by the merchants of London themselues of that company to deale in their behalfe Being thus dispatched from London by sea he arriued in Mosco the 20. of April 1586. and was very honorably welcommed And for y t merchants behoofe obtained all his requests being therein specially fauoured by y e noble prince Boris Pheodorowich who alwayes affected M. Horsey with speciall liking And hauing obtained priuiledges for the merchants he was recommended from the Emperor againe to the Queene of England his mistresse by whom the prince Boris in token of his honorable and good opinion of the Queens maiestie sent her highnesse a roiall present of Sables Luzarns cloth of gold and other rich things So that the Companie of English merchants next to their thankfulnes to her maiestie are to account M. Horseis paines their speciall benefit who obtained for them those priuileges which in twentie yeeres before would not be granted The maner of M. Horseis last dispatch from the Emperor because it was very honorable I thought good to record He was freely allowed post horses for him and his seruants victuals and all other necessaries for his long iourney at euery towne that he came vnto from Mosco to Vologda which is by land fiue hundred miles he receiued the like free and bountifull allowances at the Emperors charge New victuall and prouision were giuen him vpon the riuer Dwina at euery towne by the kings officers being one thousand miles in length When he came to the new castle called Archangel he was receiued of the Duke Knez Vasili Andrewich Isuenogorodsky by the Emperors commission into the Castle gunners being set in rankes after their vse where he was sumptuously feasted from thence hee was dispatched with bonntifull prouision and allowance in the Dukes boat with one hundred men to rowe him and one hundred Gunners in other boats to conduct him with a gentleman captaine of the Gunners Comming to the road where the English Dutch and French ships rode the gunners discharged and the ships shot in like maner 46. pieces of their ordinance so he was brought to his lodging at the English house vpon Rose Island And that which was the full and complete conclusion of the fauour of the Emperor and Boris Pheodorowich toward M. Horsey there were the next day sent him for his further prouision vpon the fea by a gentleman and a captaine the things folowing 16. liue oxen 70. sheepe 600. hens 25. fâ—itches of Bacon 80. bushels of meale 600. loaues of bread 2000. egs 10. geese 2. cranes 2. swans 65. gallons of mead 40. gallons of Aquauitae 60. gallons of beere 3. yong beares 4. hawkes Store of onions and garlike 10. fresh salmons A wild bore All these things were brought him downe by a Gentleman of the Emperors and another of prince Boris Pheodorowich were receiued in order by Iohn Frefe seruant to M. Horsey together with an honorable present and reward from the prince Boris sent him by M. Francis Cherry an Englishman which present was a whole very rich piece of cloth of gold a faire paire of Sables This Gentleman hath obserued many other rare things concerning those partes which hereafter God willing at more conuenient time and laisure shall come to light Pheodor Iuanowich the new Emperors gracious letter of priuilege to the English Merchants word for word obtained by M Ierome Horsey 1586. THrough the wil of the almightie and without beginning God which was before this world whom we glorifie in y e Trinitie one only God the father the sonne and the holy ghost maker of all things worker of all in all euery where fulfiller of all things by which will and workingâ— he both loueth and giueth life to man That our onely God which inspireth euery one of vs his onely children with his word to discerne God through our Lord Iesus Christ and the holy quickning spirit of life now in these perilous times Establish vs to keep the right Scepter and suffer vs of our selues to raigne to the good profite of the land and to the subduing of the people together with the enemies and to the maintenance of vertue We Pheodor the ofspring of Iohn the great Lord Emperor king and great prince of all Russia of Volodemeria Moscouia and Nouogrod king of Cazan king of Astracan Lord of Plesko and great prince of Smolensko of Tuer Yougoria Permia Viatsko of Bolghar and others lord and great prince of the land of the lower Nouogrod Chernigo Rezan Polotsko Rostow Yeraslaue the White lake Liefland Oudor Condensa and Ruler of all Siberia and all the North-side and lord of many other countries I haue gratified the merchants of England to wit sir Rowland Haiward and Richard Maâ—tin Aldermen sir George Barnes Thomas Smith esquire Ierome Horsey Richard Saltonstall with their fellowes I haue licensed them to saile with their shippes into our dominion the land of Dwina with all kind of commodities to trade freely and vnto our kingdom and the citie of Mosco and to all the cities of our empire of Moscouia And the english merchants sir Rowland Haiward his societie desired vs that we would gratifie them to trade into our kingdom of Moscouia and into our
the English Nation made without the Streight of Gibraltar to the Islands of the Açores of Porto Santo Madera and the Canaries to the kingdomes of Barbary to the Isles of Capo Verde to the Riuers of Senega Gambra Madrabumba and Sierra Leona to the coast of Guinea and Benin to the Isles of S. Thomé and Santa Helena to the parts about the Cape of Buona Esperanza to Quitangone neere Mozambique to the Isles of Comoro and Zanzibar to the citie of Goa beyond Cape Comori to the Isles of Nicubar Gomes Polo and Pulo Pinaom to the maine land of Malacca and to the kingdome of Iunsalaon ¶ By RICHARD HACKLVYT Preacher and sometime Student of Christ-Church in Oxford Imprinted at London by George Bishop Ralph Newbery and Robert Barker ANNO 1599. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE Sir Robert Cecil Knight principall Secretarie to her Maiestie master of the Court of Wardes and Liueries and one of her Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsell RIght honorable hauing newly finished a Treatise of the long Voyages of our Nation made into the Leuant within the Streight of Gibraltar from thence ouer-land to the South and Southeast parts of the world all circumstances considered I found none to whom I thought it fitter to bee presented then to your selfe wherein hauing begun at the highest Antiquities of this realme vnder the gouernment of the Romans next vnder the Saxons and thirdly since the conquest vnder the Normans I haue continued the histories vnto these our dayes The time of the Romans affoordeth small matter But after that they were called hence by â—orren inuasions of their Empire and the Saxons by degrees became lords in this Iland and shortly after receiued the Christian faith they did not onely trauell to Rome but passed further vnto Ierusalem and therewith not contented Sigelmus bishop of Shireburne in Dorcetshire caried the almes of king Alfred euen to the Sepulcher of S. Thomas in India which place at this day is called Maliapor and brought from thence most fragrant spices and rich iewels into England which iewels as William of Malmesburie in two sundry treatises writeth were remaining in the aforesayd Cathedrall Church to be seene euen in his time And this most memorable voyage into India is not onely mentioned by the aforesayd Malmesburie but also by Florentius Wigorniensis a graue and woorthy Author which liued before him and by many others since and euen by M. Foxe in his first volume of his Acts and Monuments in the life of king Alfred To omit diuers other of the Saxon nation the trauels of Alured bishop of Worcester through Hungarie to Constantinople and so by Asia the lesse into Phoenicia and Syria and the like course of Ingulphus not long afterward Abbot of Croiland set downe particularly by himselfe are things in mine opinion right worthy of memorie After the comming in of the Normans in the yeere 1096 in the reigne of William Rufus and so downward for the space of aboue 300 yeeres such was the ardent desire of our nation to visite the Holy land and to expell the Saracens and Mahumetans that not only great numbers of Erles Bishops Barons and Knights but euen Kings Princes and Peeres of the blood Roiall with incredible deuotion courage and alacritie intruded themselues into this glorious expedition A sufficient proofe hereof are the voiages of prince Edgar the nephew of Edmund Ironside of Robert Curtois brother of William Rufus the great beneuolence of king Henry the 2. and his vowe to haue gone in person to the succour of Ierusalem the personall going into Palestina of his sonne king Richard the first with the chiualrie wealth and shipping of this realme the large contribution of king Iohn and the trauels of Oliuer Fitz-Roy his sonne as is supposed with Ranulph Glanuile Erle of Chester to the siege of Damiata in AEgypt the prosperous voyage of Richard Erle of Cornwall elected afterward king of the Romans and brother to Henry the 3 the famous expedition of prince Edward the first king of the Norman race of that name the iourney of Henry Erle of Derbie duke of Hereford and afterward king of this realme by the name of Henry the 4 against the citie of Tunis in Africa and his preparation of ships and gallies to go himselfe into the Holy land if he had not on the sudden bene preuented by death the trauel of Iohn of Holland brother by the mothers side to king Richard the 2 into those parts All these either Kings Kings sonnes or Kings brothers exposed themselues with inuincible courages to the manifest hazard of their persons liues and liuings leauing their ease their countries wiâ—es and children induced with a Zelous deuotion and ardent desire to protect and dilate the Christian faith These memorable enterprises in part concealed in part scattered and for the most part vnlooked after I haue brought together in the best Method and breuitie that I could deuise Whereunto I haue annexed the losse of Rhodes which although it were originally written in French yet maketh it as honourable and often mention of the English natioÌ„ as of any other Christians that serued in that most violent siege After which ensueth the princely promise of the bountifull aide of king Henry the 8 to Ferdinando newly elected king of Hungarie against Solyman the mortall enemie of Christendome These and the like Heroicall intents and attempts of our Princes our Nobilitie our Clergie our Chiualry I haue in the first place exposed and set foorth to the view of this age with the same intention that the old Romans set vp in wax in their palaces the Statuas or images of their worthy ancestors whereof Salust in his treatise of the warre of Iugurtha writeth in this maner Saepe audiui ego Quintum maximum Publium Scipionem praeterea ciuitatis nostrae praeclaros viros solitos ita dicere cum maiorum imagines intuerentur vehementissimè animum sibi ad virtutem accendi Scilicet non ceram illam neque figuram tantam vim in sese habere sed memoria rerum gestarum flammam eam egregijs viris in pectore crescere neque prius sedari quà m virtus eorum famam gloriam adaequauerit I haue often heard quoth he how Quintus maximus Publius Scipio and many other worthy men of our citie were woont to say when they beheld the images and portraitures of their ancestors that they were most vehemently inflamed vnto vertue Not that the sayd wax or portraiture had any such force at all in it selfe but that by the remembring of their woorthy actes that flame was kindled in their noble breasts and could neuer be quenched vntill such time as their owne valure had equalled the fame and glory of their progenitors So though not in wax yet in record of writing haue I presented to the noble courages of this English Monarchie the like images of their famous predecessors with hope of like effect in their posteritie And here by the way if any man shall think
French armie as afterwards it appeared ¶ The Voyage of Prince Edward the sonne of king Henry the third into Asia in the yeere 1270. ABout the yeere of our Lord 1267. Octobonus the Popes Legate being in England prince Edward the sonne of king Henry and diuers other Noble men of England tooke vpon them the crosse vpon S. Iohn Baptists day by the sayd Legates hands at Northhampton to the reliefe of the Holy land and the subuersion of the enemies of the crosse of Christ. For which purpose and for the better furnishing of the prince towards the iourney there was granted him a subsidie throughout all the realme and in the moneth of May in the yeere of our Lord 1270. he began to set forward At Michaelmas following he with his company came to Eguemortes which is from Marsilia eight leagues Westward and there taking ship againe hauing a mery and prosperous wind within ten dayes arriued at Tunez where he was with great ioy welcommed and entertained of the Christian princes that there were to this purpose assembleâ— as of Philip the French King whose father Lodouicus died a litle before of Carolus the king of Sicilia and the two kings of Nauarre and Arragon and as this lord Edward came thither for his father the king of England thâ—ther came also Henry the sonne of the king of Almaine for his father who at his returne from the voyage was slaine in a chappell at Viterbium When prince Edward demanded of these kings and princes what was to be done they answered him againe and sayd the prince of this citie and the prouince adioyning to the same hath bene accustomed to pay tribute vnto the king of Sicily euery yere and now for that the same hath bene for the space of seuen yeeres vnpaied and more therefore we thought good to make inuasion vpon him But the king knowing the same tribute to be but iustly demaunded hath now according â—o our owne desire satisfied for the time past and also paied his tribute before hand Then sayd â—e My Lords what is this to the purpose are we not here all assâ—mbled haue taken vpon vs the Lords Character to fight against the infidels enemies of Christ What meane you then to conclude a peace with them God forbid we should do so for now the land is plaine and hard so that we may approch to y e holy city IerusaleÌ„ Then said they now haue we made a league with them neither is it lawful for vs to breake the same But let vs returne againe to Sicilia and when the winter is past we may well take shipping to Acra But this counsel nothing at all liked him neither did he shew himselfe wel pleased there with but after hee had made them a princely banket he went into his closet or priuy chamber from amongst them neither would be partaker of any of that wicked money which they had taken They notwithstanding continuing their purpose at the next mery wind tooke shipping and for want of ships left 200. of their men a shore crying out and pitioufly lamenting for the peril and hazard of death that they were in wherewith prince Edward being somewhat mooued to compassion came backe againe to the land and receiued and stowed them in his owne ships being the last that went aboord Within seuen dayes after they arriued in the kingdom of Sicilia ouer agaynst the Citie Trapes casting their ankers a league from thence within the sea for that their shippes were of great burden and throughly fraught and from the hauen of the citie they sent out barges and boates to receiue and bring such of the Nobilitie to land as would but their horses for the most part and all their armour they kept still within boord At length towards the euening the sea began to be rough increased to a great tempest and a mightie insomuch that their ships were beaten one against anothers sides and drowned there was of them at that tempest lying at anker more then 120. with all their armour and munition with innumerable soules besides and that wicked money also which they had taken before likewise perished and was lost But the tempest hurt not so much as one ship of prince Edwards who had in number 13. nor yet had one man lost thereby for that as it may be presupposed he consented not to the wicked counsell of the rest When in the morning the princes and kings came to the sea side and saw all their ships drowned and saw their men and horses in great number cast vpon the land drowned they had full heauie hearts as well they might for of all their ships and mariners which were in number 1500. besides the common souldiers there was no more saued then the mariners of one onely ship and they in this wise There was in that ship a good wise Matrone a Countesse or an Erles wife who perceiuing the tempest to grow fearing her selfe called to her the M. of the ship asked him whether in attempting to the shoare it were not possible to saue theÌ„selues he answered that to saue the ship it was impossible howbeit the men that were therein by Gods helpe he doubted not Then sayd the countesse for the ship force no whit saue the soules therein and haue to thee double the value of the shippe who immediatly hoising the sailes with all force ran the shippe aground so nere the shore as was possible so that with the vehemency of the weather force he came withall he brast the ship and saued all that was within the same as he had shewed and sayd before Then the kings and princes altering their purpose after this so great a shipwracke returned home againe euery one vnto their owne lands onely Edward the sonne of the king of England remained behinde with his men and ships which the Lord had saued and preserued Then prince Edward renouating his purpose tooke shipping againe and within fifâ—eene daies after Easter arriued he at Acra and went aland taking with him a thousand of the best souldiers and most expert and taried there a whole moneth refreshing both his men and horses and that in this space he might learne and know the secrets of the land After this he tooke with him sixe or seuen thousand souldiers and marched forward twenty miles from Acra and tooke Nazareth and those that he found there he slew and afterward returned againe to Acra But their enemies following after them thinking to haue set vpon them at some streit or other aduantage were espied by the prince and returning againe vpon them gaue a charge and slew many of them and the rest they put â—o flight After this about Midsummer when the prince had vnderstanding that the Saracens began to gather at Cakow which was forty miles from Acra he marching thither set vpon them very earely in the morning and slew of them more then a thousand the rest he put to flight and tooke rich spoiles
for then his soule should suffer great torments neither could I by any meanes remooue them from that errour Many other nouelties and strange things there bee in this countrey which no man would credite vnles he saw them with his owne eyes Howbeit I before almighty God do here make relation of nothing but of that only whereof I am as sure as a man may be sure Concerning the foresaid islands I inquired of diuers wel-experienced persons who al of them as it were with one consent answered me saying That this India contained 4400. islands vnder it or within it in which islands there are sixtie and foure crowned kings and they say moreouer that the greater part of those islands are wel inhabited And here I conclude coÌ„cerning that part of India Of the vpper India and of the prouince of Mancy FIrst of al therefore hauing traueled many dayes iourney vpoÌ„ the Ocean-sea toward the East at length I arriued at a certaine great prouince called Mancy being in Latine named India Concerning this India I inquired of Christians of Saracens of Idolaters and of al such as bare any office vnder the great Can. Who all of them with one consent answered that this prouince of Mancy hath mo then 2000. great cities within the precincts thereof that if aboundeth with all plenty of victuals as namely with bread wine rise flesh and fish All the men of this prouince be artificers marchants who though they be in neuer so extreme penurie so long as they can helpe themselues by the labor of their hands wil neuer beg almes of any man The men of this prouince are of a faire and comely personage but somewhat pale hauing their heads shauen but a litle but the women are the most beautiful vnder the sunne The first city of y e said India which I came vnto is called Ceuskalon which being a daies iourney distant froÌ„ the sea stands vpon a riuer the water whereof nere vnto the mouth where it exonerateth it selfe into the sea doth ouâ—rflow the land for the space of 12. daies iourney All the inhabitants of this India are worshippers of idols The foresaid city of Ceuskalon hath such an huge nauy belonging thereunto that no man whould beleeue it vnlesse he should see it In this city I saw 300. li. of good new ginger sold for lesse then a groat There are the greatest and the fairest greese most plenty of them to be sold in al the whole world as I suppose they are as white as milke and haue a bone vpon the crowne of their heads as bigge as an egge being of the colour of blood vnder their throat they haue a skin or bag hanging downe halfe a foot They are exceeding fat wel sold. Also they haue ducks and hens in that country one as big as two of ours There be moÌ„strous great serpents likewise which are taken by the inhabitants eaten whereupon a solemne feast among them without serpents is nought set by and to be briefe in this city there are al kinds of victuals in great abundance From thence I passed by many cities at length I came vnto a city named Caitan wherin y e friers Minorites haue two places of aboad vnto the which I transported the bones of the dead friers which suffred martyrdom for the faith of Christ as it is aboue mentioned In this city there is abundance of al kind of victuals very cheap The said city is as big as two of Bononia in it are many monasteries of religious persons al which do worship idols I my selfe was in one of those Monasteries it was told me that there were in it iii. M. religious men hauing xi M. idols and one of y e said idols which seemed vnto me but litle in regard of the rest was as big as our Christopher These religious men euery day do feed their idol-gods wherupon at a certaine time I went to behold the banquet and indeed those things which they brought vnto them were good to eat fuming hote insomuch that the steame of the smoke thereof ascended vp vnto their idols they said that their gods were refreshed with the smoke howbeit all the meat they conueyed away eating it vp their owne selues and so they fed their dumb gods with the smoke onâ—ly Of the citie Fuco TRaueling more eastward I came vnto a city named Fuco which conteineth 30. miles in circuit wherin be exceeding great faire cocks and al their hens are as white as the very snow hauing wol in stead of feathers like vnto sheep It is a most stately beautiful city standeth vpon the sea Then I went 18. daies iourney on further passed by many prouinces cities and in the way I went ouer a certain great mountaine vpon y e one side whereof I beheld al liuing creatures to be as black as a cole the men and women on that side differed somwhat in maner of liuing froÌ„ others howbeit on the other side of the said hil euery liuing thing was snow-white the inhabitants in their maner of liuing were altogether vnlike vnto others There all maried women cary in token that they haue husbands a great trunke of horne vpon their heads From thence I traueiled 18. dayes iourney further and came vnto a certaine great riuer and entered also into a city whereunto belongeth a mighty bridge to passe the said riuer And mine hoste with whom I soiourned being desirous to shew me some sport said vnto me Sir if you will see any fish taken goe with me Then hee led me vnto the foresaid bridge carying in his armes with him certaine diue-doppers or water-foules bound vnto a company of poles and about euery one of their necks he tied a threed least they should eat the fish as fast as they tooke them and he caried 3. great baskets with him also then loosed he the diue-doppers from the poles which presently went into the water within lesse then the space of one houre caught as many fishes as filled the 3. baskets which being full mine hoste vntyed the threeds from about their neckes and entering the second time into the riuer they fed themselues with fish and being satisfied they returned and suffered themselues to be bound vnto the saide poles as they were before And when I did eate of those fishes me thought they were exceeding good Trauailing thence many dayes iourneys at length I arriued at another city called Canasia which signifieth in our language the city of heauen Neuer in all my life did I see so great a citie for it conteineth in circuit an hundreth miles nâ—ithâ—â— sawe I any plot thereof which was not throughly inhabited yea I sawe many houses of tenne or twelue stories high one aboue another It hath mightie large suburbs containing more people then the citie it selfe Also it hath twelue principall gates and about the distance of eight miles in the high
the office of a Gunner and haue ordained that he goe to our said Realme there to serue in the said office in the Gallies which by our commandement are lately made And we doe commaund that you cause to be payed to him eight ducats pay a moneth for the time that he shall serue in the saide Gallies as a Gunner or till we can otherwise prouide for him the saide eight duckats monethly of the money which is already of our prouision present and to come and to haue regarde of those which come with him From Escuriall the tenth of August 1577. I the King Iuan del Gado And vnder that a confirmation of the Councell The renuing and increasing of an ancient and commodious trade vnto diuerse places in the Leuant seas and to the chiefest partes of all the great Turks dominions by the meanes of the Right worsh citizens Sir Edward Osburne Alderman and M. Richard Staper marchant of London THis trade into the Leuant as is before mentioned page 96 of this present volume whereunto I referre the Reader was very vsuall and much frequented from the yeere of our Lord 1511 till the yeere 1534 and afterward also though not so commonly vntill the yeere 1550 when as the barke Aucher vnder the conduct of M. Roger Bodenham made a prosperous voyage vnto Sicilia Candia Sio and other places within the Leuant Since which time the foresaid trade notwithstanding the Grand Sigâ—iors ample priuilege granted to M. Anthony Ienkenson 1553 and the strong and weighty reasons of Gaspar Campion for that purpose was vtterly discontinued and in maner quite forgotten as if it had neuer bene for the space of 20 yeares and more Howbeit the discreete and worthy citizens Sir Edward Osborne and M. Richard Staper seriously considering what benefite might grow to the common wealth by renuing of the foresaid discontinued trade to the inlarging of her Maiesties customes the furthering of nauigation the venting of diuerse generall commodities of this Realme and the inriching of the citie of London determined to vse some effectuall meanes for the reestablishing and augmenting thereof Wherefore about the yeere 1575. the foresaid R. W. marchants at their charges and expenses sent Iohn Wight and Ioseph Clements by the way of Poland to Constantinople where the said Ioseph remained 18 monethes to procure a safe conduct from the grand Signior for M. William Harborne then factor for Sir Edward Osborne to haue free accesse into his Highnes dominions and obtained the same Which businesse after two yeres chargeable trauell and suit being accomplished the sayd M. Harborne the first of Iuly 1578 departed from London by the sea to Hamburgh and thence accompanied with Ioseph Clements his guide and a seruant he trauailed to Leopolis in Poland and then apparelling himselfe his guide and his seruant after the Turkish fashion hauing first obteyned the king of Poland his safe conduct to passe at Camienijecz the frontier towne of his dominions next vnto Turky by good means he obteined fauour of one Acmet Chaus the Turks ambassadour then in Poland and readie to returne to Constantinople to bee receiued into his companie and carouan And so the fourth of September 1578 he departed with the said Acmet from Leopolis in Poland and trauelling through Moldauia Valachia Bulgaria and Romania gratifying the Voiauodes with certaine courtesies he arriued at Constantinople the 28 of October next insuing Where he behaued himselfe so wisely and discreetely that within few moneths after he obtained not onely the great Turkes large and ample priuiledge for himselfe and the two worshipfull persons aforesaid but also procured his honourable and friendly letters vnto her Maiestie in maner following The letters sent from the Imperiall Musulmanlike highnesse of Zuldan Murad Can to the sacred regall Maiestie of Elizabeth Queene of England the fifteenth of March 1579 conteyning the grant of the first priuileges IN greatnes and glory most renowmed Elizabeth most sacred Queene and noble prince of the most mightie worshippers of Iesus most wise gouernor of the causes and affaires of the people and family of Nazareth cloud of most pleasant raine and sweetest fountaine of noblenesse and vertue ladie heire of the perpetuall happinesse glory of the noble Realme of England whom all sorts seeke vnto and submit themselues we wish most prosperous successe and happie ends to all your actions and do offer vnto you such pleasures and curtesies as are worthy of our mutuall and eternall familiaritie thus ending as best beseemeth vs our former salutations In most friendly maner we giue you to vnderstand that a certaine man hath come vnto vs in the name of your most excellent Regall Maiestie câ—mmending vnto vs from you all kindnesse curtesie and friendly offices on your part and did humbly require that our Imperiall highnesse would vouchsafe to giue leaue and libertie to him and vnto two other merchants of your kingdome to resort hither and returne againe and that by way of traffike they might be suffered to trade hither with their goods and merchandizes to our Imperiall dominions and in like sort to make their returne Our stately Court and Countrey hath beene euer open for the accesse both of our enemies and friends But because we are informed that your most excellent Regall Maiesty doth abound with good will humanitie all kind of louing affection towards vs so much the rather shall the same our Countrey be alwayes open to such of your subiects as by way of merchandize shall trade hither and we will neuer faile to aide succor any of them that are or shal be willing to esteeme of our friendship fauour assistance but will reckon it some part of our dutie to gratifie them by all good meanes And forasmuch as our Imperiall highnesse is giuen to vnderstand that your most excellent Regall Maiestie doth excell in bountie curtesie we therfore haue sent out our Imperiall commandement to all our kings iudges and trauellers by sea to all our Captaines and voluntarie seafaring men all condemned persons and officers of Ports and customes straightly charging and commanding them that such foresaid persons as shall resort hither by sea from the Realme of England either with great or small vessels to trade by way of marchandize may lawfully come to our imperiall Dominions and freely returne home againe and that no man shall dare to molest or trouble them And if in like sort they shall come into our dominions by land either on foote or on horsebacke no man shall at any time withstand or hinder them but as our familiars and confederates the French Venetians Polonians and the king of Germany with diuers other our neighbours about vs haue libertie to come hither to returne againe into their owne countreys in like sort the marchants of your most excellent Regall Maiesties kingdome shall haue safe conduct and leaue to repayre hither to our Imperiall dominions and so to returne againe into their own Country straightly
other people as well within this our Realme of England as else where vnder our obeysance iurisdiction or otherwise vnto whom these our letters shall be seene shewed or read greeting Where our welbeloued Subiects Edward Osborne Alderman of our Citie of London and Richard Staper of our sayde City Marchant haue by great aduenture and industrie with their great costes and charges by the space of sundry late yeeres trauailed and caused trauaile to bee taken as well by secret and good meanes as by dangerous wayes and passages both by lande and Sea to finde out and set open a trade of Marchandize and trafique into the Lands Islands dominions and territories of the great Turke commonly called the Grand Signior not heretofore in the memory of any man nowe liuing knowen to be commonly vsed and frequented by way of marchandise by anâ— the Marchants or any Subiects of vs or our progenitours and also haue by their like good meanes and industrie and great charges procured of the sayde Grand Signior in our name amitie safetie and freedome for trade and trafique of Marchandise to bee vsed and continued by our Subiects within his sayde Dominions whereby there is good and apparant hope and likelyhoode both that many good offices may bee done for the peace of Christendome and reliefe of many Christians that bee or may happen to bee in thraldome or necessitie vnder the sayde Grand Signior his vassals or Subiects and also good and profitable vent and vtterance may be had of the commodities of our Realme and sundry other great benefites to the aduancement of our honour and dignitie Royall the increase of the reuenues of our Crowne and generall wealth of our Realme Knowe ye that hereupon wee greatly tendering the wealth of our people and the incouragement of our Subiects in their good enterprises for the aduauncement of the Common weale haue of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion giuen and graunted and by these presents for vs our heires and successours doe giue and graunt vnto our sayd trustie and welbeloued Subiects Edward Osborne and vnto Thomas Smith of London Esquier Richard Staper and William Garret of London Marchants their executors and administrators and to the executours and administratours of them and of euery of them that they and euery of them and such other person and persons Englishmen borne not exceeding the number of twelue as they the sayde Edward and Richard shall appoint nominate or admit to be parteners aduenturers or doers with them the sayde Edward Thomas Richard and William in their societie by themselues their seruants Factours or deputies and to such others as shall bee nominated according to the tenour of these our letters Patents shall and may during the terme of seuen yeeres from the date of these Patents freely trade trafique and vse feates of Marchandise into and from the dominions of the sayde Grand Signior and euery of them in such order and maner forme liberties and condition to all intents and purposes as shal be betweene them limitted and agreed and not otherwise without any molestation impeachment or disturbance any Lawe statute vsage diuersitie of religion or faith or other cause or matter whatsoeuer to the contrary notwithstanding And that it shal be lawful to the said Edward and Richard their executors and administrators during the said terme to appoint or admit to be parteners and aduenturers with them the sayde Edward Thomas Richard and William such persons not exceeding the number of twelue as afore is said to trafique and vse the said trade feate of marchandise according to our saide graunt And that all and euery such person and persons as shall hereafter fortune to bee appointed or admitted as parteners in the said trade or trafique according to these our letters patents shall and may from the time of such appointment or admittance haue and enioy the freedome and libertie of the said trade and trafique during the residue of the said terme of seuen yeeres accordâ—ng to such limitation and agreement as is aforesaide and that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the saide Edward Thomas Richard and William their executours and administratours seruants factours and deputies and all such as shall be so appointed nominated or admitted to bee parteners or aduenturers in the saide trade or so many of them as can and will to assemble themselues for or about any the matters causes affaires or businesse of the saide trade in any place or places for the same conuenient from time to time during the said terme of 7. yeres within our dominions or elsewhere and to make ordeine and constitute reasonable lawes and ordinances for the good gouernment of the said Company and for the better aduancement and continuance of the said trade and trafique not being contrary or repugnant to the lawes estatutes or customes of our Realme and the same lawes or ordinances so made to put in vse and execute accordingly and at their pleasures to reuoke the same lawes and ordinances or any of them as occasion shall require And in consideration that the said Edward Osborne hath bene the principall setter foorth and doer in the opening putting in vre of the said trade we do therfore especially ordeine constitute and prouide by these patents that the saide Edward Osborne shall be gouernour of all such as by vertue of these our letters patents shall be parteners aduenturers or trafiquers in the said trade during the said terme of seuen yeeres if hee so long liue And that if the said Edward shall happen to decease during the saide terme the saide Richard Staper then liuing then the sayd Richard Staper shall likewise be gouernour during the residue of the said terme if he so long liue and that if the said Edward and Richard shall both happen to decease during the said terme then the partners or aduenturers for the time being or the greatest part of them shall from time to time as necessitie shall require choose and elect a gouernour of the said Company Prouided alwayes that if there shall happen any great or vrgent occasion to remooue or displace any person that shall be gouernour of the saide fellowship that then it shall and may be lawfull for vs our heires and successours to remooue and displace euery such gouernour and to place another of the said fellowship in the same office during such time as such person should haue enioyed the same according to this our graunt if there had bene no cause to the contrary And we further for vs our heires and successors of our especiall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion do graunt to the said Edward Osborne Thomas Smith Richard Staper and William Garret their executors and administrators that nothing shall bee done to be of force or validitie touching the sayde trade or trafique or the exercise thereof without or against the consent of the said Edward during such time as hee shall bee Goâ—ernour as afore is saide And after that
and the city is very copious of victuals which comme out of Armenia downe the riuer of Tygris on certaine Zattares or Raffes made of blowen hides or skinnes called Vtrij This riuer Tygris doeth wash the walles of the city These Raffes are bound fast together and then they lay boards on the aforesayd blowen skinnes and on the boards they lade the commodities and so come they to Babylon where they vnlade them and being vnladen they let out the winde out of the skinnes and lade them on cammels to make another voyage This city of Babylon is situate in the kingdome of Persia but now gouerned by the Turks On the other side of the riuer towards Arabia ouer against the city there is a faire place or towne and in it a faire Bazarro for marchaÌ„ts with very many lodgings where the greatest part of the marchants strangers wich come to Babylon do lie with their marchandize The passing ouer Tygris from Babylon to this Borough is by a long bridge made of boates chained together with great chaines prouided that when the riuer waxeth great with the abundance of raine that falleth then they open the bridge in the middle where the one halfe of the bridge falleth to the walles of Babylon and the other to the brinks of this Borough on the other side of the riuer and as long as the bridge is open they passe the riuer in small boats with great danger because of the smalnesse of the boats and the ouerlading of them that with the fiercenesse of the streame they be ouerthrowen or els the streame doth cary them away so that by this meanes many people are lost and drowned this thing by proofe I haue many times seene Of the tower of Babylon THe Tower of Nimrod or Babel is situate on that side of Tygris that Arabia is and in a very great plaine distant from Babylon seuen or eight miles which tower is ruinated on euery side and with the falling of it there is made a great mountaine so that it hath no forme at all yet there is a great part of it standing which is compassed and almost couered with the aforesayd fallings this Tower was builded and made of foure square Brickes which Brickes were made of earth and dried in the Sunne in maner and forme following first they layed a lay of Brickes then a Mat made of Canes square as the Brickes and in stead of lime they daubed it with earth these Mats of Canes are at this time so strong that it is a thing wonderfull to beholde being of such great antiquity I haue gone round about it and haue not found any place where there hath bene any doore or entrance it may be in my iudgement in circuit about a mile and rather lesse then more This Tower in effect is contrary to all other things which are seene afar off for they seeme small the more nere a man commeth to them the bigger they be but this tower afar off seemeth a very great thing and the nerer you come to it the lesser My iudgement reason of this is that because the Tower is set in a very great plaine and hath nothing more about to make any shew sauing the ruines of it which it hath made round about and for this respect descrying it a farre off that piece of the Tower which yet standeth with the mountaine that is made of the substance that hath fallen from it maketh a greater shew then you shall finde comming neere to it Babylon and Basora FRom Babylon I departed for Basora shipping my selfe in one of the barks that vse to go in the riuer Tâ—gris from Babylon to Basora and from Basora to Babylon which barks are made after the maner of Fusts or Galliots with a Speron and a couered poope they haue no pumpe in them because of the great abundance of pitch which they haue to pitch them with all which pitch they haue in abundance two dayes iourney from Babylon Nere vnto the riuer Euphrates there is a city called Heit nere vnto which city there is a great plaine full of pitch very maruellous to beholde and a thing almost incredible that out of a hole in the earth which continually throweth out pitch into the aire with continuall smoake this pitch is throwen with such force that being hot it falleth like as it were sprinckled ouer all the plaine in such abundance that the plaine is alwayes full of pitch the Mores and the Arabians of that place say that that hole is the mouth of hell and in trueth it is a thing very notable to be marked and by this pitch the whole people haue great benefit to pitch their barks which barks they call Daneck and Saffin When the riuer of Tygris is well replenished with water you may passe from Babylon to Basora in eight or nine dayes and sometimes more and sometimes lesse we were halfe so much more which is 14 or 15 daies because the waters were low they may saile day night and there are some places in this way where you pay so many medins on â—aile if the waters be lowe it is 18 dayes iourney Basora BAsora is a city of the Arabians which of olde time was gouerned by those Arabians called Zizarij but now it is gouerned by the great Turke where he keepeth an army to his great charges The Arabians called Zizarij haue the possession of a great countrey and cannot be ouercome of the Turke because that the sea hath diuided their countrey into an Iland by channels with the ebbing and flowing of the sea and for that cause the Turke cannot bring an army against them neither by sea nor by land and another reason is the inhabitants of that Iland are very strong and warlike men A dayes iourney before you come to Basora you shall haue a little castle or fort which is set on that point of the land where the riuers of Euphrates and Tygris meet together and the castle is called Corna at this point the two riuers make a monstrous great riuer that runneth into the sea which is called the gulfe of Persia which is towards the South Basora is distant from the sea fifteene miles and it is a city of great trade of spices and drugges which come from Ormus Also there is great store of corne Rice and Dates which the countrey doth yeeld I shipped my selfe in Basora to go for Ormus and so we sailed thorow the Persian sea sir hundred miles which is the distance from Basora to Ormus and we sailed in small ships made of boards bound together with small cords or ropes and in stead of calking they lay betweene euery board certaine straw which they haue and so they sowe board and board together with the straw betweene wherethorow there commeth much water and they are very dangerous Departing from Basora we passed 200 miles with the sea on our right hand along the gulfe vntil at length we arriued at an
quae omnes supplices exaudite dignata est supplicatione Regis Polonie non accepta iterùm in regem Polonie exercitum suum mittere Creatoris omnipotentis auxilio regnum eius subuertere constituerat Verum Legato Serenitatis vestre in porta beata fulgida Caesareae celsitudinis residente sese interponente Et quòd Serenitati vestre ex partibus Poloniae fruges puluis arbores nauiuÌ„ tormenta alia necessaria suppeditarentur significante pacem pro regno rege Poloniae petente neuâ— regnum Poloniae ex parte Caesareae celsitudinis turbaretur vel infestaretur intercedente Serenitatisque vestrae hane singularem esse voluntatem exponente Legati serenitatis vestrae significatio intercessio cùm Caesaree celsitudini â—ignificata fuisset In â—auorem serenitatis vestrae cui omnis honos gratia debetur iuxta modum predictum vt Cosacifacinorosi exquirantur poena perfecta puniantur aut ratione muneris aliquantuli eorum delicta coÌ„donentur hac inquam conditione literae Cesareae celsitudinis ad Regem Poloniae sunt datae Si autem ex parte Serenitatis vestre foedus pax sollicitata non fuisset nulla ratione Caesarea celsitudo foedus cum regno Polonie inijsset In fauorem autem Serenitatis vestrae regno Regi Poloniae singularem gratiam Caesarea celsitudo exhibuit Quod tà m Serenitas vestra quà m etiam Rex regnum Polonie sibi certò persuadere debent Serenitatem vestram benè foelicissiméque valere cupimus Datum Constantinopoli in fine mensis Sabaum nuncupati Anno prophetae nostri sacrati Maâ—umedi nongentesimo nonagesimo octauo IESV vero Anno millesimo quingentesimo nonagesimo die duodecimo mensis Iunij The same in English MOst glorious and the most resplendent of women most select Princesse most gratious Elizabeth Queene of the valiant followers of Iesus in the famous kingdom of England most wise gouernesse of all the affaires and businesses of the people and family of the Nazarens most sweet fountaine of brightnesse and glory most acceptable cloud of raine inheritresse Ladie of the blessednesse and glory of the renowmed kingdome of England to whom in humble wise all men offer their petitions wishing of the almightie Creator most happie increase and prosperous successe vnto all your Maiesties affaires and actions and offering vp mutuall perpetuall vowes worthy of our familiarity with eternall prayses In most friendly manner we signifie vnto your princely Highnesse that certaine yeeres past the most mightie Cesarlike maiestie of the Grand Signor waged vnspeakeable warres with Casul-bas the Prince of the Persians in regarde of which warres he would not goe in battell against any other places and for that cause certaine theeues in the partes of Polonia called Cosacks and other notorious persons liuing in the same partes ceased not to trouble and molest the subiects of our most mightie Emperour But now hauing finished and brought to some good issue his affaires in Persia determining to punish the saide malefactors of Poland and for that purpose committing an army vnto the Beglerbeg of Grecia and the yeere last past sending his imperiall commaundement vnto the Prince of the Tartars he hath forraged molested and layed waste some part of the kingdome of Poland and the Cosacks and other notorious offenders haue receiued condigue punishment Which the king of Poland perceiuing sent two Embassadours to his imperiall Highnesse signifying that he would hunt out the said malefactors and inflict most seuere punishments vpon them and also that he would better his gift which he hath for many yeeres heretofore ordinarily sent vnto the porch of his imperiall Highnesse Howbeit his imperiall maiestie vpon whom the almightie creator hath bestowed so great power and who vouchsafeth to giue eare vnto all humble suppliants reiecting the supplication of the King of Poland determined againe to send his armie against the said king and by the helpe of the Almightie creator vtterly to subuert and ouerthrowe his kingdome But your Maiesties Embassadour resident in the blessed and glorious porch of his imperiall Highnesse interposing himselfe as a mediatour signifying that from the partes of Poland you were furnished with corne gun-powder mastes of ships guns and other necessaries and crauing peace on the behalfe of the kingdome and king of Poland and making intercession that the said king might not be molested nor troubled by the meanes of the Grand Signor declaring that this was your Maiesties most earnest desire so soone as the report and intercession of your Maiesties Embassadour was signified vnto the Grand Signor for your sake vnto whom all honour and fauourable regard is due vpon the condition aforesaid namely that the wicked Cosacks might be sought out and grieuously punished or that their offences might be remitted for the value of some small gift vpon this condition I say the letters of his imperiall Highnesse were sent vnto the king of Poland Howbeit had not this conclusion of league and amitie beene sollicited on the behalfe of your Maiestie his imperiall Highnesse would neuer haue vouchsafed the same vnto the kingdome of Poland But for your Maiesties sake his imperiall Highnesse hath exhibited this so singular a fauour vnto the said king and kingdome of Poland And hereof your Maiestie and the king of Poland ought certainely to be perswaded We wish your Maiestie most happily and well to fare Giuen at Constantinople in the ende of the moneth called SabauÌ„ in the yeare of our sacred prophet Mahomet 998 and in the yeere of Iesus 1590 the 12 of Iune The second letters Patents graunted by the Queenes Maiestie to the Right worshipfull companie of the English Marchants for the Leuant the seuenth of Ianuarie 1592. ELizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Irelande defender of the faith c. To all our Officers ministers and subiects and to all other people aswell within this our Realme of England as else where vnder our obeysance and iurisdiction or otherwise vnto whom these our letters shal be seene shewed or read greeting Where our welbeloued subiects Edward Osborne knight Alderman of our citie of London William Hareborne Esquire and Richard Staper of our saide citie Marchant haue by great aduenture and industrie with their great cost and charges by the space of sundry late yeeres trauelled and caused trauell to be taken aswell by secrete and good meanes as by daungerous wayes and passages both by lande and sea to finde out and set open a trade of marchandize and traffike into the landes Ilandes Dominions and territories of the great Turke commonly called the Grand Signor not before that time in the memorie of any man now liuing knowen to be commonly vsed and frequented by way of marchandize by any the marâ—hantes or other subiectes of vs or our progenitors And also haue by their like good meanes and industrie and great charges procured of the sayde Grand Signor in our name amitie safetie and freedome for trade and traffike of
Tenerif haue it standeth in twenty seuen degrees and a halfe The Iland of Yron called Hierro THis Iland standeth ten leagues distant from the Iland of Palma Westward it is but a little Iland which containeth sixe leagues in circuit and hath but small extension It appertaineth to the earle of Gomera The chiefest commodity of this Iland is goats flesh and orchell There is no wine in all that Iland but onely one vineyard that an English man of Taunton in the West countrey planted among rocks his name was Iohn Hill This Iland hath no kind of fresh water but onely in the middle of the Iland groweth a great tree with leaues like an Oliue tree which hath a great cisterne at the foot of the sayd tree This tree continually is couered with clouds and by meanes thereof the leaues of the sayd tree continually drop water very sweet into the sayd cisterne which commeth to the sayd tree from the clouds by attraction And this water sufficeth the Iland for all necessities aswell for the cattell as for the inhabitanes It standeth in 27 degrees The Iland of Lanzarota THe Iland of Lanzarota standeth eighteene leagues distant from grand Canaria Southeastward The onely commodity of this Iland is goats flesh and orchell It is an earledome and doth appertaine to Don Augustine de Herrera with title of earle of Fortauentura and Lanzarota But the vassals of these earledomes may in any cause of wrong appeale to the Kings Iudges which reside in Canaria as I haue sayd before because although the king hath reserued to himselfe but onely the three fruitfull Ilands called Canaria Tenerif and Palma yet he also reserued the rod of iustice to himselfe because otherwise the vassals might be euill intreated of their Lords From this Iland do weekly resort to Canaria Tenerif Palma boats laden with dried goats flesh called Tussinetta which serueth in stead of bacon and is very good meat This Iland standeth in 26 degrees and is in length twelue leagues The I le of Forteuentura THe I le of Forteuentura standeth fifty leagues from the promontory of Cabo de Guer in the firme land of Africa and foure twenty leagues distant from Canaria Estward This Iland doth appertaine to the lord of Lanzarota It is reasonable fruitfull of wheat and barley and also of kine goats and orchel this I le is fifteene leagues long and ten leagues broad On the North side it hath a little Iland about one league distant from the maine Iland betweene both of the which it is nauigable for any ships and is called Graciosa Both Forteuentura and Lanzarota haue very little wine of the growth of those Ilands It standeth in 27 degrees Thus much haue I written of these seuen Ilands by experience because I was a dweller there as I haue sayd before the space of seuen yeeres in the affaires of master Thomas Locke master Anthonie Hickman and master Edward Castelin who in those dayes were worthy merchants and of great credite in the citie of London A description of the Iland of Madera THe Iland of Madera standeth in 32 degrees distant from the equinoctinall line and seuentie leagues from the I le of Tenerif Northeastward and Southwest from Hercules pillars This Iland was first discouered by one Macham an Englishman and was after conquered and inhabited by the Portugall nationâ— It was first called the Iland of Madera by reason of the great wildernesse of sundry sortes of trees that there did growe and yet doe as Cedars Cypres Uinatico Barbuzano Pine trees and diuers others and therefore the sayd Iland continueth still with the same name Howbeit they hold opinion that betweene the fayd Iland and the I le of Palma is an Iland not yet discouered which is the true Iland Madera called saint Brandon This Iland yeeldeth a great summe of money to the king of Portugall yeerely it hath one faire citie called Fouchall which hath one faire port or harbour for shippes and a strong bulwarke and a faire Cathedrall church with a bishop and other dignities thereunto appertaining There is also iustice and gouernment according to the Portugall vse But causes of appellation are remitted to the citie of Lisbone in Portugall to the kings superior iudges there This Iland hath another towne called Machico which hath likewise a good road for ships which towne and road were so called after the name of Macham the Englishman who first discouered the same There are also sixteene sugar houses called Ingenios which make excellent good sugar There is besides the goodly timber before declared great store of diuers sortes of fruites as Peares Apples Plummes wild Dates Peaches of diuers sortes Mellons Batatas Orenges Lemmons Pomgranates Citrons Figges and all maner of garden herbes There are many Dragon trees such as grow in the Canarie Ilands but chiefly this land produceth great quantitie of singular good wines which are laden for many places On the North side of this land three leagues distant from the maine Iland standeth another litle Iland called Porto santo the people thereof liueth by husbandrie for the Iland of Madera yeeldeth but litle corne but rather is thereof prouided out of France and from the Iland of Tenerif On the East side of the I le of Madera sixe leagues distant standeth another litle Iland called the Desert which produceth onely Orchell and nourisheth a great number of Goates for the prouision of the maine Iland which may be thirtie leagues in circuit and the land is of great heigth where the foresayd trees growe It is woonder to see the conueyance of the water to the Ingenios by Mines through the mountaines In the mid way betweene Tenerif and the Iland of Madera standeth a litle solitarie Iland called the Saluages which may bee about one league in compasse which hath neither tree nor fruit but is onely food for Goates The orginall of the first voyage for traffique into the kingdom of Marocco in Barbarie begun in the yeere 1551. with a tall ship called the Lion of London whereof went as captaine Master Thomas Windam as appeareth by this extract of a letter of Iames Aldaie to the worshipfull master Michael Locke which Aldaie professeth himselfe to haue bene the first inuenter of this trade WOrshipfull Sir hauing lately bene acquainted with your intent to prosecute the olde intermitted discouerie for Catai if therein with my knowledge trauell or industrie I may doe you seruice I am readie to doe it and therein to aduenture my life to the vttermost point Trueth it is that I haue bene by some men not my friends euill spoken of at London saying that although I be a man of knowledge in the Arte of Nauigation and Cosmographie and that I haue bene the inuenter of some voyages that be now growen to great effect yet say they maliciously and without iust cause that I haue not bene willing at any season to proceed in those voyages that I haue taken in hand taking example especially of two
de monte The 17 a darke drowsie day this was the first night that I tooke the North starre The 26 a temperate day with litle winde and we were in 12 degrees and 13 minutes of latitude The 30 we met a great sea out of the Northwest The 6 of Iune we found it as temperate as if we had beene in England yet we were within the height of the sunne for it was declined 23 degrees and 26 minuts to the Northward and we had 15 degrees of latitude The 8 faire and temperate as in England here we met with a counter sea out of the Southborde The 15 a faire temperate day the winde variable here we had 18 degrees and fiftie nine minutes The 12 of Iuly in 30 degrees of latitude we met with great store of rockweed which did stick together like clusters of grapes and this continued with vs vntill the 17 of the said moneth and then we saw no more at which 17 day we were in two and thirtie degrees sixe and fortie minutes of latitude The 25 at sixe of the clocke in the morning we had sight of the Isle of Pike it bare North and by East from vs we being 15 leagues off The 27 we spake with the poste of London and she told vs good newes of England The nine and twentieth we had sight of the Island of Cueruo and the 30 we saw the Island of Flores The 27 of August in 41 degrees of latitude we saw 9 saile of Britons and three of them followed vs vntill noone and then gaue vs ouer The 30 we had sight of Cape â—inisterre The eight of September at night wee put into Plimouth sound and road in Causon bay all night The 9 we put into Catwater and there stayed vntill the 28 of September by reason of want of men and sicknesse The nine and twentieth we set sayle from Plimouth and arriued at London the second of October 1589. The commodities that we caried in this voyage were cloth both linnen wollen yron worke of sundry sorts Manillios or bracelets of copper glasse beades and corrall The commodities that we brought home were pepper and Elephants teeth oyle of palme cloth made of Cotton wooll very curiously wouen and cloth made of the barke of palme trees Their money is pretie white shels for golde and siluer we saw none They haue also great store of cotton growing their bread is a kind of roots they call it Inamia and when it is well sodden I would leaue our bread to eat of it it is pleasant in eating and light of digestion the roote thereof is as bigge as a mans arme Our men vpon fish-dayes had rather eate the rootes with oyle and vineger then to eate good stockfish There are great store of palme trees out of the which they gather great store of wine which wine is white and very pleasant we should buy two gallons of it for 20 shels They haue good store of sope and it smelleth like beaten violets Also many pretie fine mats and baskets that they make and spoones of Elephants teeth very curiously wrought with diuers proportions of foules and beasts made vpon them There is vpon the coast wonderfull great lightning and thunder in so much as I neuer hard the like in no Countrey for it would make the decke or hatches tremble vnder our feete and before we were well acquainted with it we were fearefull but God be thanked we had no harme The people are very gentle and louing and they goe naked both men and women vntill they be married and then they goe couered from the middle downe to the knees They would bring our men earthen pottes of the quantitie of two gallons full of hony and hony combes for 100 shelles They would also bring great store of Oranges and Plantans which is a fruit that groweth vpon a tree and is very like vnto a Cucumber but very pleasant in eating It hath pleased God of his merceifull goodnesse to giue me the knowledge how to preserue fresh water with little cost which did serue vs sixe moneths at the sea when we came into Plimmouth it was much wondered at of the principal men of the towne who said that there was not sweeter water in any spring in Plimouth Thus both God prouide for his creatures vnto whom be praise now and for euermore Amen The voiage set forth by M. Iohn Newton and M. Iohn Bird marchants of London to the kindome and Citie of Benin in Africa with a ship called the Richard of Arundell and a pinnesse in the yere 1588. briefely set downe in this letter following written by the chiefe Factor in the voyage to the foresaid Marchants at the time of the ships first arriuall at Plimouth WOrshipful Sirs the discourse of our whole proceeding in this voyage wil aske more time and a person in better health then I am at this present so that I trust you will pardon me till my comming vp to you in the meane time let this suffice Whereas we departed in the moneth of December from the coast of England with your good ship the Richard of Arundell and the pinnesse we held on our direct course towards our appointed port and the 14 day of Februarie following we arriued in the hauen of Benin where we found not water enough to carry the ship ouer the barre so that we left her without in the road and with the pinnesse ship boat into which we had put the chiefest of our marchaÌ„dise we went vp the riuer to a place called Goto where we arriued the 20 of February the foresaid Goto being the neerest place that we could come to by water to go for Benin From thence we presently sent Negroes to the king to certifie him of our arriuall and of the cause of our comming thither who returned to vs againe the 22 day with a noble man in their company to bring vs vp to the Citie and with 200 Negroes to carrie out commodities hereupon the 23 day we deliuered our marchandize to the kings Factor the 25 day we came to the great Citie of Benin where we were well intertained The sixe twenty day we went to the Court to haue spoken with the king which by reason of a solemne feast then kept amongst them we could not doe but yet we spake with his Veadore or chiefe man that hath the dealing with the Christians and we conferred with him concerning our trading who answered vs that we should haue all things to our desire both in pepper and Elephants teeth The first of March we were admitted to the kings presence and he made vs the like courteous answere for our traffike the next day we went againe to the Court where the foresaid Veadore shewed vs one basket of greene pepper and another of dry in the stalkes wee desired to haue it plucked from the stalks and made cleane who answered that it would aske time but yet in
himselfe taken and beheaded by a souldier of his owne nation and his land giuen by a Parliament to her Maiestie and possessed by the English His other cosen Sir Iohn of Desmond taken by Master Iohn Zouch and his body hanged ouer the gates of his natiue Citie to be deuoured by rauens the thirde brother Sir Iames hanged drawne and quartered in the same place If hee had withall vaunted of his successe of his owne house no doubt the argument would haue mooued much and wrought great effect which because hee for that present forgot I thought it good to remember in his behalfe For matter of Religion it would require a particuler volume if I should set downe how irreligiously they couer their greedy and ambicious pretenses with that veile of pietie But sure I am that there is no kingdome or common-wealth in all Europe but if they be reformed they then inuade it for religion sake if it bee as they terme Catholique they pretend title as if the Kings of Castile were the naturall heires of all the world and so betweene both no kingdome is vnsought Where they dare not with their owne forces to inuade they basely entertaine the traitours and vacabonds of all Nations seeking by those and by their runnagate Iesuits to winne parts and haue by that meane ruined many Noble houses and others in this lande and haue extinguished both their liues and families What good honour or fortune euer man yet by them atchieued is yet vnheard of or vnwritten And if our English Papists doe but looke into Portugall against which they haue no pretence of Religion how the Nobilitie are put to death imprisoned their rich men made a praye and all sorts of people captiued they shall finde that the obedience euen of the Turke is easie and a libertie in respect of the slauerie and tyrannie of Spaine What haue they done in Sicill in Naples Millaine and in the Low countreis who hath there bene spared for Religion at all And it commeth to my remembrance of a certaine Burger of Antwerpe whose house being entred by a company of Spanish souldiers when they first sacked the Citie hee besought them to spare him and his goods being a good Catholique and one of their owne partie and faction The Spaniards answered that they knew him to be of a good conscience for himselfe but his money plate iewels and goods were all hereticall and therefore good prize So they abused and tormented the foolish Fleming who hoped that an Agnus Dei had bene a sufficient target against all force of that holy and charitable nation Neither haue they at any time as they protest inuaded the kingdomes of the Indies and Peru and elsewhere but onely led thereunto rather to reduce the people to Christianitie then for either gold or Emperie When as in one onely Island called Hispaniola they haue wasted thirtie hundred thousand of the naturall people besides many millions else in other places of the Indies a poore and harmelesse people created of God and might haue bene wonne to his knowledge as many of them were and almost as many as euer were perswaded thereunto The storie whereof is at large written by a Bishop of their owne nation called Bartholomew de las Casas and translated into English and many other languages intituled The Spanish cruelties Who would therefore repose trust in such a nation of rauenous strangers and especially in those Spaniards which more greedily thirst after English blood then after the liues of any other people of Europe for the many ouerthrowes and dishonours they haue receiued at our hands whose weakenesse wee haue discouered to the world and whose forces at home abroad in Europe in India by sea and land wee haue euen with handfulles of men and shippes ouerthrowen and dishonoured Let not therefore any English man of what religion soeuer haue other opnion of the Spaniards but that those whom hee seeketh to winne of our Nation he esteemeth base and trayterous vnworthy persons or vnconstant fooles and that he vseth his pretence of religion for no other purpose but to bewitch vs from the obedience of our naturall Prince thereby hoping in time to bring vs to slauery and subiection and then none shall be vnto them so odious and disdayned as the traitours themselues who haue solde their Countrey to a stranger and forsaken their faith and obediâ—nce contrarie to nature religion and contrarie to that humane and generall honour not onely of Christians but of heathen and irreligious nations who haue alwayes sustayned what labour soeuer and embraced euen death it selfe for their countrey Prince or common-wealth To conclude it hath euer to this day pleased God to prosper and defend her Maiestie to breake the purposes of malicious enemies of forsworne traytors and of iniust practises and inuasions She hath euer beene honoured of the worthiest kings serued by faithfull subiects and shall by the fauour of God resist repell and confound all whatsoeuer attempts against her sacred person or kingdome In the meane time let the Spaniard and traytour vaunt of their successe and wee her true and obedient vassals guided by the shining light of her vertues shall alwayes loue her serue her and obey her to the end of our liues A particular note of the Indian fleet expected to haue come into Spaine this present yeere of 1591. with the number of shippes that are perished of the same according to the examination of certaine Spaniards lately taken and brought into England by the ships of London THe fleete of Noua Hispania at their first gathering together and setting foorth were two and fiftie sailes The Admirall was of sixe hundred tunnes and the Uice Admirall of the same burthen Foure or fiue of the shippes were of nine hundred and 1000 tunnes a peece some fiue hundred and some foure hundred and the least of two hundred tuns Of this fleet 19 were cast away and in them 2600 men by estimation which was done along the coast of Noua Hispania so that of the same fleet there came to the Hauana but 33 sailes The fleete of Terra Firma were at their first departure from Spaine fiftie sailes which were bound for Nombre de Dios where they did discharge their lading and thence returned to Cartagena for their healths sake vntill the time the treasure was readie they should take in at the said Nombre de Dios. But before this fleete departed some were gone by one or two at a time so that onely 23 sayles of this fleete arriued in the Hauana At the Hauana there met 33 sailes of Noua Hispania 23 sailes of Terra Firma 12 sailes of San Domingo 9 sailes of the Hunduras The whole 77 shippes ioyned and set sailes all together at the Hauana the 17 of Iuly according to our account and kept together vntill they came into the height of thirtie fiue degrees which was about the tenth of August where they found the winde at Southwest chaunged suddenly to the North so that
granted vnto Iohn Cabot and his 3. sonnes Lewis Sebastian and Sancius for the discouery of new and vnknowen lands Anno 1495. pag. 4 The signed bill of K. Henry the 7. on the behalfe of Iohn Cabot pag. 5â— 6 A briefe extract concerning the discouery of Newfoundland pag. 10 The large pension granted by K. Edward the 6. to Sebastian Cabota constituting him Grand pilote of England Anno 1549. pag. 10 A discourse written by sir Humfrey Gilbert knight to proue a passage by the Northwest to Cataya and the East Indies pag. 11 Experiences and reasons of the Sphere to prooue all parts of the worlde habitable and thereby to â—onfute the position of the fiue Zones pag. 48 A letter of M. Martin Frobisher to certaine Englishmen which were trecherously taken by the Saluages of Meta incognita in his first voyage pag. 70 Articles and orders prescribed by M. Martin Frobisher to the Captaines and company of euery ship which accompanied him in his last Northwestern voyage pag. 75 A generall and briefe description of the country and condition of the people which are founde in Meta incognita pag. 93 The letters patents of her Maiesty graunted to M. Adrian Gilbert and others for the search and discouery of a Northwest passage to China pag. 96 A letter of M. I. Dauis to M. Wil. Sanderson of London concerning his second voyage p. 108 A letter of M. Iohn Dauis to M. Wil. Sanderson of London concerning his 3. voyage p. 114 A trauerse-booke of M. Iohn Dauis contayning all the principall notes and obseruations taken in his third and last voyage to the Northwest pag. 115 A report of M. Iohn Dauis concerning his three voyages made for the discouery of the Northwest passage taken out of a treatise of his intituled The worlds hydrographical description pag. 119 A testimony of Ortelius for the credit of the history of M. Nicolas M. Antonio Zeni p. 128. A catalogue of sundry voyages made to Newfoundland to the isles of Ramea and the isle of Assumption otherwise called Natiscotec as also to the coasts of Cape Briton and Arambec THe voyage of two ships whereof the one was called The Dominus vobiscum set out the 20 of May 1527 for the discouery of the North parts pag. 129 The voyage of M. Hore and diuers other gentlemen to Newfoundland and Cape Briton in the yere 1536. pag. 129 The voyage of Sir Humfrey Gilbert to Newfoundland An. 1583. pag. 143,165 The first discouery of the isle of Ramea made by for Monsieur de la court pre Rauillon grandpre with the ship called The Bonauenture to kill and make trane-oile of the beasts called The Morses with great teeth Anno 1591. pag. 189 The voyage of the ship called The Marigolde of M. Hill of Redriffe vnto Cape Briton and beyond to the latitude of 44 degrees and a halfe Anno 1593. pag. 191 The voyage of M. George Drake of Apsham to the isle of Ramea in the yere 1593. pag. 193 The voyage of The Grace of Bristoll vp into the gulfe of S. Laurence to the Northwest of Newfoundland as far as the isle of Assumption or Natiscotec Anno 1594. pag. 194 The voyage of M. Charles Leigh and diuers others to Cape Briton and the isle of Ramea 1597. pag. 195 The patents discourses letters aduertisements and other obseruations incident to the voyages vnto Newfoundland next before rehearsed An act against the exaction of money or any other thing by any officer for licence to traffique into Newfoundland and Iseland made Anno 2. Edwardi sexti pag. 131 A letter written to M. Richard Hakluyt of the Midle Temple contayning a report of the true state and commodities of Newfoundland by M. Antony Parkhurt 1578. pag. 133 The letters patents granted by her Maiestie to sir Humfrey Gilbert knight for inhabiting some part of America 1578. pag. 135 A learned and stately Poeme written in Latine Hexamiters by Stephanus Parmenius Budeius concerning the voyage of sir Humfrey Gilbert to Newfound-landâ— for the planting of an English colonie there containing also a briefe remembrance of certaine of our principal English captâ—ines by sea pag. 138 Orders agreed vpon by the Captaines and Masters to bee obserued by the fleete of sir Humfrey Gilbert pag. 147 A briefe relation of Newfound-land and the commodities thereof pag. 152 Reckonings of the Master and Masters mate of the Admirall of sir Humfrey Gilbert in their course from cape Rase to cape Briton and to the Isle of Sablon pag. 155 The maner how the sayd Admirall was lost pag. 156 A letter of the learned Hungarian Stephanus Parmenius Budeius to master Richard Hakluyt the collectour of these voyages pag. 161. 16â— A relation of Richard Clarke of Weymouth master of the ship called The Delight which went as Admirall of sir Humfrey Gilberts fleete for the discouerie of Norumbega 1583 written in excuse of the casting away the sayd ship and the men imputed to his ouersight pag. 163 A discourse of the necessitie and commoditie of planting English colonies vpon the North paâ—tes of America pag. 165 A letter of the right honourable sir Francis Walsingham to master Richard Hakluyt then of Christ-church in Oxford incouraging him in the studie of Cosmography and furthering of new discoueries 1582. pag. 181 A letter of the right honourable sir Francis Walsingham to master Thomas Aldworth marchant and at that time Mayor of the citie of Bristol concerning their aduenture in the Westerne discouerie 1582. pag. 182 A letter written from master Aldworth marchant and mayor of the citie of Bristol to the right honourable sir Francis Walsingham concerning a voyage intended for the discouerie of the coast of America lying to the Southwest of cape Briton 1583. pag. 182 A briefe and summarie discourse vpon a voyage intended to the hithermost parts of America written by master Christopher Carlile 1583. pag. 182 Articles set downe by the committies appointed on the behalfe of the company of the Moscouian marchants to conferre with master Carlile vpon his intended discouery of the hithermost partes of America pag. 188 A letter sent to the right honourable sir William Cecil Lord Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England c. from master Thomas Iames of Bristol concerning the discouerie of the Isle of Ramea 1591. pag. 19â— A briefe note of the Morse and of the vse thereof pag. 191 Certaine obseruations touching the countries and places where master Charles Leigh touched in his voyage to cape Briton and to the Isle of Ramea anno 1597. pag. 200 A catalogue of certaine voyages made for the discouery of the gulfe of Saint Laurence to the West of Newfound-land and from thence vp the riuer of Canada to Hochelaga Saguenay and other places THe first voyage of Iaques Cartier of Saint Malo to Newfound-land the gulfe of Saint Laurence and the Grand Bay Anno 1534. pag. 201 The second voyage of Iaques Cartier by the Grand bay vp the riuer of Canada to Hochelaga Anno 1535. pag. 212
of the Reader to the end it might most manifestly and at large appeare to all such as are not acquainted with the histories how the king of Portugall whose Countrey for popularity and number of people is scarce comparable to some three shires of England and the king of Spaine likewise whose natural Conntrey doth not greatly abound with people both which princes by means of their discoueries within lesse then 90. yeeres post haue as it appeareth both mightily and marueilously enlarged their territories and dominions through their owne industrie by the assistance of the omnipotent whose aid we shall not need to doubt seeing the cause and quarell which we take in hand tendeth to his honour and glory by the enlargement of the Christian faith To conclude since by Christian dutie we stand bound chiefly to further all such acts as do tend to the encreasing the true flock of Christ by reducing into the right way those lost sheepe which are yet astray And that we shall therein follow the example of our right vertuous predecessors of renowmed memorie and leaue vnto our posteritie a deuine memoriall of so godly an enterprise Let vs I say for the considerations alledged enter into iudgement with our selues whether this action may belong to vs or no the rather for that this voyage through the mighty assistance of the omnipotent God shall take our desired effect whereof there is no iust cause of doubt Then shal her Maiesties dominions be enlarged her highnesse antient titles iustly confirmed all odiâ—us idlenesse from this our Realme vtterly banished diuers decayed townes repaired and many poore and needy persons relieued and estates of such as now liue in want shall be embettered the ignorant and barbarous idolaters taught to know Christ the innocent defended from their bloodie tyrannicall neighbours the diabolicall custome of sacrificing humane creatures abolished All which no man doubteth are things gratefull in the sight of our Sauiour Christ and tending to the honour and glory of the Trinitie Bee of good cheere therefore for hee that cannot erre hath sayd That before the ende of the world his word shall bee preached to all nations Which good worke I trust is reserued for our nation to accomplish in these parts Wherefore my deere countreymen be not dismayed for the power of God is nothing diminished nor the loue that he hath to the preaching and planting of the Gospell any whit abated Shall wee then doubt he will be lesse ready most mightily and miraculously to assist our nation in this quarell which is chiefly and principally vndertaken for the enlargement of the Christian faith abroad and the banishment of idlenes at home then he was to Columbus Vasques Nunnes Hernando Cortes and Francis Pizaâ—ro in the West and Vasques de Gama Peter Aluares Alonso de Albuquerque in the East Let vs therefore with cheerefull minds and couragious hearts giue the attempt and leaue the sequell to almightie God for if he be on our part what forceth it who bee against vs Thus leauing the correction and reformation vnto the gentle Reader whatsoeuer is in this treatise too much or too little otherwise vnperfect I take leaue and so end A letter of Sir Francis VValsingham to M. Richard Hakluyt then of Christchurch in Oxford incouraging him in the study of Cosmographie and of furthering new discoueries c. I Understand aswel by a letter I long since receiued from the Maior of Bristoll as by conference with sir George Peknam that you haue endeuoured giuen much light for the discouery of the Westerne partes yet vnknowen as your studie in these things is very coÌ„mendable so I thanke you much for the same wishing you do continue your trauell in these and like matters which are like to turne not only to your owne good in priuate but to the publike benefite of this Realme And so I bid you farewell From the Court the 11. of March 1582. Your louing Friend FRANCIS WALSINGHAM A letter of Sir Francis VValsingham to Master Thomas Aldworth merchant and at that time Maior of the Citie of Bristoll concerning their aduenture in the Westerne discouerie AFter my heartie commendations I haue for certaine causes deferred the answere of your letter of Nouember last till now which I hope commeth all in good time Your good inclination to the Westerne discouerie I cannot but much commend And for that sir Humfrey Gilbert as you haue heard long since hath bene preparing into those parts being readie to imbarke within these 10. dayes who needeth some further supply of shipping then yet he hath I am of opinion that you shall do well if the ship or 2. barkes you write of be put in a readinesse to goe alongst with him or so soone after as you may I hope this trauell wil proue profitable to the Aduenturers and generally beneficiall to the whole realme herein I pray you conferre with these bearers M. Richard Hackluyt and M. Thomas Steuenton to whome I referre you And so bid you heartily farewell Richmond the 11. of March 1582. Your louing Friend FRANCIS WALSINGHAM A letter written from M. Thomas Aldworth merchant and Maior of the Citie of Bristoll to the right honourable Sir Francis Walsingham principall Secretary to her Maiestie concerning a Westerne voyage intended for the discouery of the coast of America lying to the Southwest of Cape Briton RIght honourable vpon the â—eceit of your letters directed vnto me and deliuered by the bearers hereof M. Richard Hakluyt and M. Steuenton bearing date the 11. of March I presently conferred with my friends in priuate whom I know most affectionate to this godly enterprise especially with M. William Salterne deputie of our company of merchants whereupon my selfe being as then sicke with as conuenient speede as he could hee caused an assembly of the merchants to be gathered where after dutifull mention of your honourable disposition for the benefite of this citie he by my appointment caused your letters being directed vnto me piruatly to be read in publike and after some good light giuen by M. Hakluyt vnto them that were ignorant of the Countrey and enterpriseâ— and were desirous to be resolued the motion grew generally so well to be liked that there was eftsoones set downe by mens owne hands then present apparently knowen by their own speach and very willing offer the summe of 1000. markes and vpward which summe if it should not suffice we doubt not but otherwise to furnish out for this Westerne discouery a ship of threescore and a barke of 40. tunne to bee left in the countrey vnder the direction and gouernment of your sonne in law M. Carlilâ— of whom we haue heard much good if it shall stand with your honors good liking and his acceptation In one of which barks we are also willing to haue M. Steuenton your honours messenger and one well knowen to vs as captains And here in humble maner desiring your honour to vouchsafe vs of your further direction by a generall
other ship that lay hard by laden with sugers and droue the Spaniards that were in her vnder hatches presently let slip her cables and ankers and set saile carried her cleane away and after this sort deceiued them And they thinking or fearing that we were the like did shoote at vs as they did This being past the next day after our arriuall in the sayd port wee did vnbarke our selues and went on lande vp to the citie or head towne of the great Canaria where we remained 18. or 20. dayes and there found certaine Englishmen marchants seruants of one Anthony Hickman and Edward Castelin marchants of the citie of London that lay there in traffique of whom wee receiued great courtesie and much good cheere After the which 20. dayes being past in the which we had seene the countrey the people and the disposition thereof wee departed from thence and passed to the next I le of the Canaries 18. leagues off called Teneriffe and being come on land went vp to the citie called La Laguna where we remained 7. moneths attending the comming of the whole fleete which in the ende came and there hauing taken that which they had neede of wee shipped our selues in ship of Cadiz being one of the saide fleete which was belonging to an Englishman maried in the citie of Cadiz in Spaine whose name was Iohn Sweeting and there came in the sayd ship for captain also an Englishman maried in Cadiz and sonne in law to the sayde Iohn Sweeting whose name was Leonard Chilton there came also in the said ship another Englishman which had bene a marchant of the citie of Exeter one of 50. yeeres or thereabout whose name was Ralph Sarre So that wee departed from the sayd Ilands in the moneth of October the foresayd yeere 8. ships in our companie and so directed our course towards the bay of Mexico and by the way towardes the Iland of S. Domingo otherwise called Hispaniola So that within 32. dayes after we departed from the Iles of Canaries wee arriued with our ship at the port of S. Domingo and went in ouer the baâ—re where our ship knocked her keele at her entrie and there our ship rid before the towne where wee went on land refreshed our selues 16. dayes where we found no bread made of wheat but biscuit brought out of Spaine and out of the bay of Mexico for the countrey it selfe doeth yeelde no kinde of bread to make graine withall But the bread they make there is certaine cakes made of rootes called Cassaui which is something substantiall but it hath but an vnsauorie taste in the eating thereof Flesh of beefe and mutton they haue great store for there are men that haue 10000. head of cattell of oxen bulles and kine which they doe keepe onely for the hides for the quantitie of flesh is so great that they are not able to spend the hundreth part Hogs flesh is there good store very sweete and sauorie and so holsome that they giue it to sick folkes to eat in stead of hennes and capons although they haue good store of poultrie of that sort as also of Guinycocks Guinyhens At the time of our being there the citie of S. Domingo was not of aboue 500. housholds of Spaniards but of the Indians dwelling in the suburbs there were more The couÌ„try is most part of the yere very hot very ful of a kind of flies orgnats with long bils which do pricke moâ—est the people very much in the night when they are asleepe in pricking their faces and hands and other parts of their bodies that lie vncouered make them to swel wonderfully Also there is another kind of small worme which creepeth into the soles of mens feet especially of the black Moores and children which vse to go barefoot maketh their feet to grow as big as a mans head doth so â—ke that it would make one run mad They haue no remedy for the same but to open the flesh sometimes 3. or 4. inches so dig them out The countrey yeeldeth great store of suger hides of oxen buls and kine ginger Cana fistula Salsa perillia mines of siluer gold there are none but in some riuers there is found some smal quantitie of gold The principal coine that they do trafique withal in that place is blacke money made of copper brasse and this they say they do vse not for that they lacke money of gold and siluer to trade withall out of the other parts of India but because if they should haue good money the marchants that deale with them in trade would cary away their gold and siluer and let the countrey commodities lie still And thus much for S. Domingo So we were comming from the yles of Canaries to S. Domingo there staying vntil the moneth of December which was 3. moneths About the beginning of Ianuary we departed thence towards the bay of Mexico new Spaine toward which we set our course and so sailed 24. dayes till we came within 15. leagues of S. Iohn de Vllua which was the port of Mexico of our right discharge And being so neere our said port there rose a storme of Northerly windes which came off from Terra Florida which caused vs to cast about into the sea againe for feare least that night we should be cast vpon the shoare before day did breake and so put our selues in danger of casting away the winde and sea grew so foule and strong that within two houres after the storme began eight ships that were together were so dispersed that we could not see one another One of the ships of our company being of the burthen of 500. tun called the hulke of Carion would not cast about to sea as we did but went that night with the land thinking in the morning to purchase the port of S. Iohn de Vllua but missing the port went with the shoare and was cast away There were drowned of that ship 75. persons men women and children and 64. were saued that could swim and had meanes to saue themselues among those that perished in that ship was a gentleman who had bene present the yere before in S. Domingo his wife and 4. daughters with the rest of his seruants houshold We with the other 7. ships cast about into the sea the storme during 10. dayes with great might boisterous winds fogs raine our ship being old and weake was so tossed that she opened at the sterne a fadome vnder water and the best remedy we had was to stop it with beds and pilobiers and for feare of sinking we threw and lightned into the sea all the goods we had or could come by but that would not serue Then we cut our maine mast and threw all our Ordinance into the sea sauing one piece which early in a morning when wee thought wee should haue sunke we shot off and as pleased God there was one of the ships of our
coniuration and for feare of raysing a spirit might flie from him as from the Deuill or some simple Indian slaue hearing the like repetition of his long and tedious name might suppose it to be an armie of Spaniards and for feare runne away but the commanders and captaines of the English Nauie were men of such resolution that no Spanish bragges could dismay them for they haue often met them with their Pikes in their Spanish beardes nor the countenance of Don Bernaldino quaile them although hee were acowered in his gilt leather buskins and his Toledo rapier Sixtly the Generall saith in his letter that notwithstanding their flying away so fast the English left them one good ship well manned who tolde him that Drake dyed in Nombre de Dios in which ship were one hundred and fortie men and fifteene noble captaines of the best sort THe Generall Don Bernaldino like a resolute Spaniarde hauing already gone ouer his shooes maketh no danger to wade ouer his bootes also and as he hath begunne so hee both conclude I maruaile that he did not in writing his discourse remember this old saying that is A liar ought to haue a good memorie It were much better for him in mine opinion to reuoke the testimonie which he saith he had from the Englishmen concerning Sir Francis Drake his death at Nombre de Dios and stand to the intelligence receiued from the silly Indian slaue as it appeareth in his first lie for without all doubt there is no English man that will say if he haue his right senses that he dyed at Nombre de Dios for they all knowe the contrarie neither can the General auouch that he receiued intelligence from any English man that after the death of Sir Francis Drake they did elect for Generall Colonel Quebraran as he doth most falsely affirme in the latter ende of his vaine and friuolous letter seeing that this name was strange vnknowen to any in the English Nauie Neither do I imagine that any of those which the Generall saith he hath taken were so forgetfull as not to remember their Generals name But without all doubt this addition of so new and strange a name to the English Generall doth prooue that Don Bernaldino is not vnfurnished of a forge and storehouse of lies from whence as froÌ„ an euerflowing fouÌ„taine he sendeth forth lies of al sorts sufficient for his own store and great plentie to furnish his friends the Generall was much beholding to his godfathers who gaue him the name Bernaldino which we in English doe take to be plaine Barnard which name hath as it were a kinde of priuilege from being sharpely reprehended when the partie is thought to erre for it is a common saying amongst the schoolemen that Bernardus non videt omma viz. Barnard seeth not all things when he doth dissent from their opinions the which fauour we could be content to yeeld to Bernaldino for the name sake if he were not taken with so many manifest and impudent lies neither doe I thinke that Sennor Bernaldino will say that he sawe all that he hath written be it spoken in councell for shaming the Generall for is there any man so voide of reason as to thinke that any Englishman being demanded of his Generals name would write or spâ—ake Quebraran for Baskeruil So much difference there is in the sound of the sillables as there is no affinitie at all or likelihood of truth But such are the Generals rare gifts be it â—pokâ—n to his small prayse that we Englishmen must of force confesse that the Generall hath giuen a proud onset to carrie the whetstone from Sennor Bernardino de Mendoça neither will the hundred and fortie men and fifteene noble Captaines which he saith he did take of whom he might haue benâ— rightly informed of their Generals name acquit him of lying forgerie for giuing the name of Quebraran to the English Generall As for the good shippe well manned which he saith the English left them after the fight I am perswaded he hath no man to witnesse that lie for the ship was separated by weather from the English fleete in the night thirteene dayes before the fight with the Spanish Nauie and neuer to any mans knowledge came more in sight of the English fleete If the Spanish ship by chance did take the saide well manned ship as they call her I doubt not but they haue the ship the hundred and forty men and the fifteene noble Captaines to shew But euermore I gesse the Spanish reckoning will fall short when it is examined for the fifteene noble Captaines will prooue as I take it but three whose losse I grieue to thinke on Neither did the Spaniards gaine them by valour or we loose or leaue them for cowardise as most vntruely this bragging lier hath certified But the Generall like a prouident man to make his fame and credite the greater with his Prince and countrey taketh vpon him amongst other his miracles performed before the English fleete by way of amplification to make small matters seeme great as a little shooe to serue a great foote and finding that it can hardly be brought to passe he doth so stretch the leather with his teeth that it is readie to breake and yet notwithstanding al this will not serue his purpose for the printing of the letter doth marre the play and bringeth such matter in question as the Generall doth wish might be concealed and were he not of so drie and cholerick a complexion as commonly Spaniards are he would blush for very shame in publishing so impudently such manifest vntruthes For sithence his meeting with the English fleete at the I le of Pinos there hath bene by the worthie English Generals an honourable expedition from England into the Continent of Spaine where amongst other exploites hauing taken the citie of Cadiz in the sacke thereof was found some of Don Bernaldino his printed letters which comming to the handes of a captaine that serued in Sir Francis Drakes last voyage to the West Indies he hath thought very fit in regard of the slanders to the English Nauie contained in the saide letter to quote the errors that the trueth onely may appeare to all such as haue a desire to be rightly informed of such accidents as befell them in this late voyage to the West Indies and this may suffise to show Don Bernaldino Delgadillo de Auellaneda his great iudgement in amplyfying small matters or of nothing to make in shewe somewhat And now hauing thus farre informed you of the trueth in reproofe of the slanderous false and vntrue reports of this glorious lying Generall with a true disproofe to some of the grossest of his lies I will leaue him with the rest of his lying letter and the circumstances therein contained to your censures who in discretion may easily discerne the same And haue here following plainely and truely set downe the course and order of our whole
in 21 The isle of Pinos in 21 Cape de Corrientes vpon the Southwest part of Cuba in 21½ Cabo de sant Anton being the most westerly Cape of Cuba in 22 The litle isles called Los Alacranes or The Scorpions in 22 The isles called Nigrillos in 23½ Isla de Lobos or The isle of seales neere the maine of Nueua Espanna in 22 The Cape of Iucatan called Cabo de Cotoche in 21 The island called Isla de Ranas in 21½ The latitudes of certaine places vpon the coast of Nueua Espanna and of diuers other places lying in the way from thence to Spaine  Degrees of latitude Villa rica standeth in 19½ Sant Iuan de Vllua in 18¾ From sant Iuan de Vllua sayling to the Tortugas you must found in 27½ The small isles called Las Tortugas stand in 25 The Pòrt of Hauana vpon the Northwest part of Cuba in 23½ The head of the Martyrs lying before the Cape of Florida in 25 The Mimbres are in 26¼ The Chanel of Bahama in 27½ The Cape de Cannaueral vpon the coast of Florida in 28â…“ The Isle of Bermuda in 33 The isle of Iohn Luis or Iohn Aluarez in 41¼ The latitudes of the Isles of the Açores  Degrees of latitudes The isle of Flores standeth in 39½ The isle of Cueruo in 40 The isle of Fayal in 38½ The isle of Pico and the isle of sant George both in 38½ The isle of Terçera in 39 The isle of Graciosa in 39½ The isle of santa Maria in 37 The isle of sant Michael in 38 Cape sant Vincent vpon the coast of Spaine 37 The Rocke in 39 The Burlings in 40 Bayona in 42½ Cape Finister in 43½ The enterance of the streights of Gibraltar is in 36 Cape Cantin vpon the coast of Babarie in 32½ Cape Bojador vpon the coast of Barbarie in 27 Rio del oro or The riuer of Gold in 23½ Cabo de Barbas in 22 Cabo blanco or the white Cape in 20¼ The latitude of the isles of Cabo verde The isles of Sant Anton Sant Vincent Santa Lucia and Sant Nicolas stand all in 182 3 Isla del Sal or The isle of salt in 17¼ The isle called Buena vista in 16 The isle of sant Iago in 15 The latitudes of diuers Islands Capes and other places from the Isle of Margarita vpon the coast of Cumana Westward along the coast of Tierra Firma  Degrees of latitude The isles of Aruba Curaçao and Buinaro stand all in 12 The isle of Margarita in 11 The islandes called Los Testigos in 11¼ The coast of Baya Honda to Cape de la Vela lyeth East and West in 12 Cape del Aguja in 11½ The rockes of Serrana in 14 The Roncador in 13½ The isle of Santa Catelina in 13½ The isle of Sant Andrew in 12½ The Seranilla in 15½ The isle of Centanilla or Santanilla in 17¼ Cape Camaron on the maine South of the enterance of the Honduras 16 Ganaba in 16¼ Genaza in 161 â— Here followeth a declaration of the longitudes or Western and Eastern distances from Spaine to Newe Spaine in America and from thence backe againe to Spaine  Leagues From Sal Medina vpon the Coast Andaluzia till you bring your selfe North and South with Cape Cantin vpon the Coast of Barbary 85 From Sal Medina to the island of Gran Canaria 200 From the Gran Canaria to Deseada 850 From Deseada to Monserate 20 From Monserate to santa Cruz 58 From santa Cruz to Cape Roxo the Southwest Cape of sant Iuan de Puerto Rico 45 From Cape Roxo to Saona 25 From Saona to sant Domingo 25 From sant Domingo to Ocoa 18 From Ocoa to Beata 20 From Beata to the isle Baque 43 From the isle Baque to Nauaza 33 From Nauaza to sant Iago of Cuba 32 From sant Iago of Cuba to Cabo de Cruz 34 From Cabo de Cruz to the first Cayman 40 From the first Cayman to the middle Cayman 6 From the middle Cayman to the great Cayman 12 From the great Cayman to the isle of Pinos 48 From Cabo de Cruz to the isle of Pinos by the forsaid course 106 From the isle of Pinos to Cabo de Corrientes 19 From Cabo de Corrientes to Cabo de sant Anton 20 The course from Cabo de sant Antâ—n to sant Iuan de Vllua by the outside or North of the Isles called Alacranes  From Cabo de sant Anton to the Nigrillos 106 From the Nigrillos vntill you bring your selfe North and South with the isle Vermeja 25 From the isle Vermja to Villa Riâ—a 96 From Villa rica to Sant Iuan de Vllua 12 The course from Cabo de Corrientes to sant Iuan de Vllua on the inside or South of the Alacranes  From Cabo de Corrientes to the first sounding 45 From the first sounding till you come so farre a head as the island called Isla de Ranas 80 From Isla de Ranas vnto  The longitudes from New Spaine backe againe to Spaine  Leagues From Saint Iuan de Vllua to the Tortugas 280 From the Tortugas to Hauana 36 From Hauana to the head of the Martyrs 36 From â—he head of the Martyrs to the Mimbres 30 From the Mimbres to Bahamá 22 From the head of the Martyrs to Cabo de Cannaueral 62 From Cabo de Cannauerall to Bermuda 350 From Bermuda to the Isle of Iohn Luis or Iohn Aluarez 320 From the Isle of Iohn Luis or Aluarez to Flores 300 From Flores to Fayal 28 From Fayal to Terçera 28 From Terçera to Saint Michael 28 From Saint Michael to Cape Saint Vincentâ— 218 From Terçera to Cape Saint Vincent 256 From Cape S. Vincent to Cabo de santa Maria vpon the coast of Algarbe 22 From Cabo de santa Maria to Sal Medina in Andaluzia 32 THE DISCOVERIE OF THE LARGE RICH and Beautifull Empire of Guiana with a relation of the great and golden Citie of Manoa which the Spaniards call El Dorado and the Prouinces of Emeria Aromaia Amapaia and other Countries with their riuers adioyning Performed in the yeere 1595 by Sir Walter Ralegh Knight Captaine of her Maiesties Guard Lorde Warden of the Stanneries and her Highnesse Leiutenant generall of the Countie of Corne-wall To the right Honourable my singular good Lord and kinsman Charles Howard Knight of the Garter Baron and Counceller and of the Admirals of England the most renowmed and to the right Honourable Sir Robert Cecyll knight Counceller in her Highnesse Priuie Councels FOr your Honours many Honourable and friendly partes I haue hitherto onely returned promises and now for answere of both your aduentures I haue sent you a bundle of papers which I haue deuided betwene your Lordship and Sir Robert Cecyll in these two respects chiefly First for that it is reason that wastful factors when they haue consumed such stockes as they had in trust doe yeeld some colour for the same in their account secondly for that I am assured that whatsoeuer shall bee done or written by
they thinke good some fruites some rice boiled some hennes roasted some sagu hauing a table made 3. foote from the ground whereon they set their meate that euery person sitting at the table may eate one reioycing in the company of another They boile their rice in an earthen pot made in forme of a sugar loafe being ful of holes as our pots which we water our gardens withall and it is open at the great ende wherein they put their rice drie without any moisture In the meane time they haue ready another great earthen pot set fast in a fornace boiling full of water whereinto they put their pot with rice by such measure that they swelling become soft at the first and by their swelling stopping the holes of the pot admit no more water to enter but the more they are boiled the harder and more firme substance they become so that in the end they are a firme good bread of the which with oyle butter sugar and other spices they make diuers sorts of meaâ—es very pleasant of taste and nourishing to nature The French pecks is here very common to all and they helpe themselues sitting naked from ten to two in the Sunne whereby the venemous humour is drawen out Not long before our departure they tolde vs that not farre off there were such great Ships as ours wishing vs to bewarâ— vpon this our Captaine would stay no longer From Iaua Maior we sailed for the cape of Good Hope which was the first land we sell withall neither did we touch with it or any other land vntill we came to Sierra Leona vpon the coast of Guinea notwithstanding we ranne hard aboord the Cape finding the report of the Portugals to be most false who affirme that it is the most dangerous Cape of the world neuer without intolerable stormes and present danger to trauailers which come neere the same This Cape is a most stately thing and the fairest Cape we saw in the whole circumference of the earth and we passed by it the 18. of Iune From thence we continued our course to Sierra Leona on the coast of Guinea where we arriued the 22. of Iuly and found necessarie prouisions great store of Elephants Oisters vpon trees of one kinde spawning and increasing infinitely the Oister suffering no budde to grow We departed thence the 24. day We arriued in England the third of Nouember 1580. being the third yeere of our departure The names of the Kings or Princes of Iaua at the time of our English mens being there Raia Donaw Raia Rabacapala Raia Bacabatra Raia Tymbanton Raia Mawgbange Raia Patimara Certaine wordes of the naturall language of Iaua learned and obserued by our men there Sabuck silke Sagu bread of the Countrey Larnike drinke Paree ryce in the huske Braas sodden ryce Calapa Cocos Cricke a dagger Catcha a looking glasse Arbo an oxe Vados a goate Cabo golde Gardange a plantane Hiam a henne Seuir linnen cloth Doduck blew cloth Totopps one of their caps Gula blacke sugar Tadon a woman Bebeck a ducke Aniange a deere Popran oyntment Coar the head Endam raine Ionge a shippe Chay the sea Sapelo ten in number Dopolo twentie Treda no. Lau vnderstand you Bayer goe Adadizano I will fetch it Suda ynough The relation of a Voyage made by a Pilot called Nuno da Silua for the Vice-roy of new Spaine the 20. of May in the yere of our Lord 1579. in the citie of Mexico from whence â—t was sent to the Vice-roy of the Portugall-Indies wherein is set downe the course and actions passed in the Voyage of Sir Francis Drake that tooke the aforesayd Nuno da Silua at S. Iago one of the Islands of Cabo Verde and caried him along with him through the Sreights of Magellan to the Hauen of Guatuleo in new Spaine where he let him goe againe NVno da Silua borne in Porto a Citizen and inhabitant of Guaia saith that hee departed out of his house in the beginning of Nouember in the yeere of our Lorde 1577. taking his course to Cabo Verde or The greene Cape where he anchored with his Shippe close by the Hauen of the Island of Sant Iago one of the Islandes of Cabo Verde aforesayde beeing the nineteenth of Ianuary in the yeere of our Lord 1578. And lying there there came sixe ships which seemed to be Englishmen whereof the Admirall boorded his ship and by force with his men tooke hâ—m out of his ship bringing him in the boate aboord the Admirals shippe leauing some of his best men aboord his ship and although the fortresse of the Island shot foure or fiue times at them yet they hurt not the Englishmen who hauing done set saile from thence to the Island of Braua taking with them the ship of the sayd Nuno da Silua being there they filled certaine vessels with fresh water from thence holding their course inward to sea hauing first with a boat set the men of Nuno da Siluas ship on land onely keeping Nuno da Silua in his ship as also his ship with the wines that were therein And Nuno da Silua saith the cause why they kept him on boord was because they knew him to bee a pilot for the coast of Brasilia that hee might bring them to such places in those countreys as had fresh water Being put off from the Island of Braua they helde their course to the land of Brasilia which they descried vpon the fiâ—st of Aprill vnder the height of thirtie degrees and without landing or taking in fresh water they helde on their course to Rio de la Plata that is The riuer of siluer lying vnder fiâ—e and thirtie degrees little more or lesse where they went on land and prouided themselues of fresh water From thence they helde on their course till they came vnder nine and thirtie degrees where they ankered and beeing there they left two of their sixe shippes behinde them and sailed but foure in companie that of Nuno da Silua being one till they came to the Bay called Baya de las Islas that is The Bay of the Ilands lying vnder nine and fortie degrees where it is sayde that Magellan lay and wintered there with his shippe when hee first discouered the Streight which now holdeth his name Into this Bay the twentieth of Iune they entred and there ankered so close to the land that they might send to it with a harquebuse shot and there they sawe the land to bee inhabited with Indians that were apparelled with skinnes with their legges from the knees downeward and their armes from the elbowes downeward naked all the rest of thâ—ir bodies beeing clothed with bowes and arrowes in their handes being subtill great and well formed people and strong and high of stature where sixe of the Englishmen went on land to fetch fresh water and before they lept on land foure of the Indians came vnto their boate to whome the Englishmen gaue bread and wine and
these vermine but the more we laboured to kill them the more they increased so that at the last we could not sleepe for them but they would eate our flesh and bite like Mosquitos In this wofull case after we had passed the Equinoctiall toward the North our mâ—n began to fall sick of such a monstrous disease as I thinke the like was neuer heard of for in their ankles it began to swell from thence in two daies it would be in their breasts so that they coulâ— not draw their breath and then fell into their cods and their cods and yardes did swell most grieuously and most dreadfully to behold so that they could neither stand lie nor goe Whâ—reupon our mâ—n grew mad with griefe Our captain with extreme anguish of his soule was in such wofull case that he desired only a speedie end and though he were scarce able to speake for sorrow yet he perswaded them to patience and to giue God thankes like dutifull children to accept of his chastisemâ—nt For all this diuers grew raging mad some diâ—d in most lothsome furious paine It were incredible to write our misery as it was there was no man in perfect health but the captaine one boy The master being a man of good spirit with extreme labour bore out his griefe so that it grâ—w not vpon him To be short all our men died except 16 of which there were but 5 able to mooue The captaine was in good health the master indifferent captaine Cotton and my selfe swolne and short winded yet better then the rest that were sicke and one boy in health vpon vs 5 only the labour of the ship did stand The captaine and master as occasion serued would take in and heaue out the top-sailes the master onely attended on the sprit-saile and all of vs at the capsten without sheats and tacks In fine our miscrie and weaknesse was so great that we could not take in nor heaue out a saile so our top-saile sprit-sailes were torne all in pieces by the weather The master and captaine taking their â—urnes at the helme were mightily distressed and monstrously grieued with the most wofull lamentation of our sick men Thus as lost wanderers vpon the sea the 11 of Iune 1593. it pleased God that we arriued at Bear-hauen in Ireland and there ran the ship on shore where the Irish men helped vs to take in our sailes and to more our ship for flooting which slâ—nder paines of theirs cost the captaine some ten pounds before he could haue the ship in safetie Thus without vicâ—uals sailes men or any furniture God onely guided vs into Ireland where the captaine left the master and three or foure of the company to keepe the ship and within 5 dayes afâ—â—r he and ceâ—taine others had passage in an English fisher-boat to Padstow in Cornewall In this maner our small remnant by Gods onely mercie were preserued and restored to our counâ—rey to whom be all hâ—nour and glory world wâ—thout end The letters of the Queenes most excellent Maiestie sent in the yere 1596 vnto the great Emperor of China by M. Richard Allot and M. Thomas Bromefield marchants of the citie of London who were embarqued in a fleet of 3 ships to wit The Beare The Beares whelpe and the Beniamin set forth principally at the charges of the honourable knight Sir Roberâ— Duddeley and committed vnto the command and conduct of M. Beniamin Wood a man of approoued skill in nauigation who together with his ships and company because we haue heard no certaine newes of them since the moneth of February next after their departure we do suppose may be arriued vpon some part of the coast of China and may there be stayed by the said Emperour or perhaps may haue some treacherie wrought against them by the Portugales of Macao or the Spaniards of the Philippinas ELizabetha Dei gracia Angliae Franciae Hiberniae Regina verae christianae fidei contra omnes falso Christi nomen profitentes inuictissima propugnatrix c. Altissimo Serenissimoque Principi potentissimo magni regni Chinae dominatori summo in illis Asiae partibus Insulisque adia centibus imperatori magno in orientalibus mundi regionibus Monarchae salutem multosque cum omni optimarum reruÌ„ copia affluentia laetos foelices annos Cum honesti fideles subditi nostri qui has literas nostras ad serenitatem vestram perferunt Richardus Allot Thomas Bromefield ciuitatis nostrae Londini iâ— dicto nostro regno Angliae mercatores impensè a nobis efflagitauerint vt eorum studia ad imperij vestri regiones commercij gracia nauigandi commendaremus Cumque regni vestri fortitèr prudenterque administrati fama per vniuersam terraruÌ„ orbem disseminata diuulgata subditos hos nostros inuitauerit non solum vt dominationis vestrae regiones inuisant sed vt regni vestri legibus institutis dum in illis mundi partibus coÌ„morati fuerint regendos se moderandos permittant prout mercatores decet qui mercimonioruÌ„ commurandorum causa ad tam longè dissitas nec adhuc nostro orbi satis cognitas regiones penetrate cupâ—unt illud vnum spectantes vt mercimonia sua mercimonioruÌ„que quorundam quibus ditionis nostrae regiones abundant exemplaria quaedaÌ„ siue specimina serenitatis vestrae subditorumque vestroruÌ„ conspectui offerant diligenter cognoscere studeant si quae aliae sint apud nos merces quae vestro vsui inseruiant quas honesto vbique terrarum licito commercij ritu alijs mercibus quarum in imperij vestri regionibâ— tam artis quam naturae beneficio magna copia est commutare possint Nos equissimis honestorum hominum precibus acquiescentes quia nihil ex iustissimo hoc mercaturae vsu incommodi siue dispendij oâ—â—turum sed plurimuÌ„ potius emolumenti vtriusque regni tum principibus tum subditis prouenturum existimamus dum earuÌ„ rerum quibus ahundamus exportatione aliarum quibus egemus inuectione aequissimis precijs iâ—uari vtrinque locupletari possimus Serenissimam Maiestatem vestram rogamus vt subditis his nostris cum mercimoniorum vendendorum permutandorum gratia ad imperij vestri stationes pottus loca oppida ciuitates accesserint eundi redeundi cum subditis vestris negotiandi plena libera fiat potestas Illisque huiusmodi libertates immunitates priuilegia quae aliorum principum sâ—bditis apud vos mercaturam exercentibus concedi solent serenitatis vestrae clementia inuiolota conseruentur nos vicissim non tantùm omnia amicae principis officia serenitati vestrae deferemus sed ad maiorem communis inter nos â—ubditosque nostros amicitiae coÌ„mercij propagationem subditis vestris omnibus singulis si serenissime Maiestati vestrae ita visum fuerit plenam integram in ditionis nostre quascunque regiones veniendi commorandi negotiandi reuertendi
letters This was the fleete wherein Cabot discouered the riuer of Plate 1526 Note The Newe found Islands discouered by the English A Mappe of the world To know the latitudes To know the longitudes Now called the straight of Magelane Note Doctor Leys demand The Pope reprehended The longitudes hard to be found out New found land discouered by the Englishmen Note To saile by the Pole Or the straites of Magelane Note Benefite to England Obiection Answere A true opinioÌ„ A voyage of discouery by the Pole M. Therne and M. Eliot discouerers of New found land The cause why the West Indies were not ours which also Sebastian Gabot writeth in an Epistle to Baptista Ramusius Russia became ciuill in y e yere of our Lord 572. Kiow 1237. These ambassadours were Iohan de â— lano Carpini Frier Benedict of Polonian The citie of Mosco first made the seaâ—e of the great Duke Iuan Vasilowich The name of the Moscouites first aduanced The yoke of the Tartars shaken off Basilius â—â—an Vasilowich Theodore The commodities of traâ—â—ike and of nauigation A minister in the voyage King Edwardâ— corporation Reason voide of experience Iiar I would reade Mair that is in the Sarasen language mirt of Turkish and Aegyptian Februarie interpreted by them the moneth to see ships to the sea The first ship The second ship Iohn Stafford Minister M. William Burrough nowe comptroller of her Maiesties nauie The third ship May. Iune Iuly In this land dwellt Octher as it seemeth Rost Islands Stanfew harbor Lofootâ— August Seyman in 70 degrees Willoughbiâ— his land iâ— 72 degrees September In this hauen they died ‖ Or Ellons Here endeth Sir Hugh Willoughbie his note which was written with his owne hand ‖ Duyna Note Upon what occasions and by whom this voyage was set out and of the discouerie of Moscouie by the North. 3. Ships furnished for the discouerie Prouision of victuaâ—s for 18. moneths Choise of Captaines and Pilots Sir Hugh Willoughbie Master Henry Sidney his Oration They departed from Raâ—eliffe the 20. of May 1553. They returne the next yeere not knowing what was become of the other 2. ships They arriue in the Bay of Saint Nicholas The discouerie of Russia The Emperours courteous letters to M. Chanceler The mightie lake of Bealozera The sharpnes of the winter in Moscouie Their manner of building King Edwards letters deliuered The maners of the Flemmings against our men ‖ Dr Dwina Note Aurea vetulâ— oâ— â—â—loâ—ibaba Iuan Vasiliuich that is to say Iohn the forme of Basilius ‖ That is come into our presence No coinâ—s of gold in Russia but all of siluer The weights in Russia The weight of Wardhouse The Russia measures The measure of Wardhouse in cloth is the measure of Danske The Turkes and Armenians pay custome The Emperors beame The Dutch nation lost their priuilâ—dges renued them with a great summe The commodities of Russia Vologda and the state thereof The Emperor of Moscouie is a marchant himselfe Two sorts of â—â—axe Note Inquiâ—ie for the way to Catbaya The Philip and Maâ—y Note Note Note Queene Maries letters to the Emperour of Russia The Italians counsell to our people The diuersitie of weights meaâ—ures in Russiâ— Colmogro Vologda Nouogrode The Russian secretary his name The discouerie principally intended for Gods glory Sebastian Cabota first gouernour of the Moscouie companie Sir George Barnes William Garret Anthony Husie Ioh. Suâ—hcot the first 4. Consulâ— K. Philip and Queene Mary hereby â—o disanull Pope Alexanders diuision Conquest permitted ‖ Anno 1554. The Moscotutes priuiledges vnto the English The largâ—nes of the priuiledge of the Moscouite companie Anno 1555. April 23. Note May 15. Kedelwike chappell The North cape so named by Steuen Burrowe The latitude of Cola. â— Russe Lodia Lodias hauing 24 men a pâ—â—ce From Cola to Pechora is but 7 or 8 dayes sayling The â—â—â—â—esse of one Gabriel A good necessarie note Twentie eight Lodias belonging to Cola. The latitude of Cape S. Iohn 66 degrees 50 minutes Earth swimming aboue water like wood The latitude 68 degrees and a halfe Morgiouets an harbour Drift wood A Samoed Dolgoieue an Island Pechora The variation of the Compas Ice The lat 70 degrees 11 min. S Iames Island The variation of the Compas 7 degrees and a halfe The relation of Loshak The way to the riuer of Ob. A mighty hill in Noua Zembla Loshak The Islands of Uagaits Samoeds The maners of the Samoeds The Samoeds of the Ob very hurtfull and shrewd people Naramzay The latitude The variation of the compas They land vpon Vaigats The vncerâ—entie of â—â—bing flowing They were within 15 leagues of Pechora They returne the 22 of August 1556 Norway Roste Lofoot Finmarke Wardhouse Lappia The Scricfinnes The Lappians Corelia Nouogardia The Russes Tartaria Lampas a mart or faire of the Russes Tartars and Samoeds The Samoeds countrey Or. Pechoraâ— Vaegatz Noua Zembla Store of foule White Foxes White beares The maner of the Samoeds sacrifices about the riuer of Pechere Foure ships The Edward Bonauenture arriued in Scotlandâ— in the Bay of Pettislego Nouemb 7. 1556. Rich. Chancelor drowned His departure from Scotland towards England 1557. Febr. 27. His honourable receiuing into the citie of London A league and articles of amitte concluded and confirmed vnder the great seale of England Foure goodly ships of the merchants prouided for Russia 1557. The King and Queens secoÌ„d letters to the Emperour of Russia Coia Reca Coscaynos Dogs nose The variation of the Compasse 4. degrees Foxe nose Poynt Pentecost Crosse Island Cape good fortune Cape grace Cape Race Frost in Iune Tri Ostroue Ice The variation Corpus Christi poynt Cape Gallant Iuana Creos S. Georges Islands Cape comfort S. Peters Islands S. Pauls Islands Cape Sower beere Kildina Cape Bonauenture â—egor Domshaff Wardhouse ‖ Which were the Bona Esperanza the Bona confidentia and the Philip and Marie Whereof the two first were lost ‖ Or â—rondon The Philip and Marie The bona Confidentia cast away A gainefull trade of fishing at Kegor Commodities fit for Kegor 1557. Wares sent into Russia out of England The Arshinâ— is a Russie measure 7. Ropemakers sent into Russia Cables and Ropes a principall commoditie Danske the old chiefe place for Cables Commodities not bearing the charges of long fraight Furres most vendible Steele Copper Wollen cloth of Rie and Reuel of Poland and Lettowe Russian lether Things goodâ— to die withall Ten yong men sent into Russia Henry Lane Agent The fourth voyage The olde traffike of Russia to Rei Reuel and Poland turned to Saint Nicholâ—â— The articles of their first Commission giuen 1555. Leonard Brian sent to search out Yewe in the North parts of Russia 2. Coopers sent into Russia The marchaÌ„ts letters ouer land written in cyphers The voyag of Steuen Burrowe for the discouerie of the riuer of Ob. M. Anthonie Ienkinson his first trauaile inteÌ„ded for Cathay by the Caspian sea and Boghar Good caske made in Russia 1557 Iohn
de San Barâ—ardo La Bacilla The shoalds of Serrana Serranilla Cape de Corrientes Cape de San Antonio The Tâ—â—tugâ—â—â— Seranilla An Island in 16. degrees 〈◊〉 Câ—â—â— de Cameron The vaâ—iâ—tioâ— of the compasse Isla de Pinos The currentâ— sâ—t here sometimes Wesâ— Isla de Coâ—â—â— The latitude of 〈…〉 19. deg and one â—ieâ—â—e Las Tortugas The little Islâ— called Vermâ—â—â— Marâ—â— oâ— Vâ—â—la Rica The low ground of Almeria Lâ—s Sierras 〈◊〉 Papalo Saint Paul Monte de Câ—rneâ—os Casa de Buytroâ— The castle of S. Iuan de Vâ—lâ—â— The hospitall The riuer of 〈◊〉 Alacranes or â—â—â—pâ—orâ— The triangle â—â—rta or â—aâ—â—a The high hils 〈◊〉 â— Maâ—tin 〈◊〉 de Medelin S. Iuan de Vllua 〈◊〉 in 18. deg and a halfe The Tortugas The currents to the East â—an de Cabanas â—auana â—eâ— Martyres The sholds of Mimbresâ— that is of Osiars The Chanell reacheth to 28 degrees La Bermuda * The variation of the Compasse Flores and Câ—eruo Saint George Terzera The Cape of S. Vincent The windes are alwayes at Northwest in the summer The markes oâ— Capâ— S. Vincent The Asagresal The Cape of Saint Mary The course in winter from the chanel of Baâ—ama The variation of the Compasse Many lost vpon Bermuda by negligence The Isle of S. Marie * Faial The barre oâ— S. Lucar Sierras de Monchico To aâ—oyde men of warre The castle of Aimonte The Cape of S Nâ—colas on the East ende of Cuba Pontâ— de Mayâ—ca â—araâ—oa A â—lâ—â—â—d on the East side of Baracoa â—aâ—o de â—â—a This worde Cayo in the Biskapur â—â—â—gue signifieth a date â— shoald Pracellas The Mosâ—wes Camoloquea The flats of Mecaâ—a to be auoyded Cropeda a flat Island 2. Rockes of stone Punta de Caueus Matanâ—as The currents The Teates of Hauana The â—arbour of Xâ—â—oca Markes to know the harbour of Hauana Caio de Moa Caio Romanâ—â— Alcane de Barasoga Sauano Basquo The Flats of Mecala Take heede of that which is here saâ—d for it hath litle reason Sierras de Camaloquâ—a Caio de Moa Pracellas Hauana Punta de Mance Sierra del Hama Caio Romano The markes of the Flat of Caio Romano Punta de Naga Punta de hidalgo The calmes of 〈◊〉 The variation of the compasse Deseada in 15. â—egrees and a halâ—e Warlike and dangerous Indians like â—hose oâ— Dominica These 2. the white and the gray Islands are rather baâ—â— rockes in the sea foâ— so doeth Farrallon the Spanish word signifie But I interprâ—te it Island because all the rocks separated froÌ„ the bigger Islands are saâ—d to be litle Islands This white bare Island is made whitâ— vp the dâ—ng of birdes and sea-foules that resort vnto it These rockes are called Los 〈◊〉 or the spoâ—tes The point oâ— Causedo â—an Domingo The point of Niâ—ao The Isle of Beata Ocoa Puerto hermoso The Isle of Alto Velo◠〈◊〉 Frailes 〈◊〉 Las sierras de donna Maria. Isla Baque Cape Tiburon The Isle of Nauaza Sierras de Cobâ—â— Sierras de Tarquino Los Caimanes Los Iardines Las sierras de Guanaguarico A conuenienâ— watering place The Isle Vermeja Villa rica â— Iuan de Vllua â— volcan or burning hil â—ierras de Sant Martâ—n Sierras de Villa 〈◊〉 â—io de las palmas Rio de las monâ—anâ—as Rio de Panuco Rio Heâ—moâ—o oâ— The beautiâ—ull â—iuer The current of the bay of Mexico the winde being at the East setteth to the Northâ— and 40. leagues from thâ—â—hoâ—e to the Northeast The mountaines oâ— Tamaclipa 〈◊〉 tide at the riuer of Panuco Laâ— sieâ—ras de Tarquia â— Luis de Tamâ—ice Cabo Roxo A watering place The bay â—â— Cassones All these are vpon the 〈◊〉 of Tabasco Las sierras de â— Pabâ—â—â— Punta delgada oâ— The slendâ—â— pointâ— Cabezaâ— anegadas are 〈◊〉 heads 〈◊〉 vnder water Comedera de Peâ—cado Cabo de Coâ—â—ienteâ— Cabo de S. Aâ—â—ton Cape Sisal vpon the coast of Campeche in lucatan Or Isla de Arenas Sierras de S. Martin Roca partida Or Minsapa Of Antoniserro Las Tortugas The hilles called Los Organos vpon Cuba neere Hauana Rio de puercos Baya honda La quadrilla de sierras El pan de Caâ—annas La mesa de Marien The tower of Hauana Note Chipiona a towne standing vpon the coast of Andaluzia next vnto S. Lucas El pan de Matanzas Barrancas If you will recouer Hauana go also signifie creeks or broken entrances of landes Cabeza de los Martires Which Martires are a number of small Ilands lying ahead the Cape of Florida Los Mimbres The markes of Pan de Matanzas Punta de los Puercos The furious current in the chanell of Bahama Directions is know whether you be in the chanell of Bahama or no. Cabo de Cannaueral in 28. deg and a halfe The course 〈◊〉 Winter The Isle of Bermuda The course in the Summer more Northerly Puerto Pini El Passaje place on the Northeast part of the Isle of S. Iuan de Puerto rico Cabo del Enganno the most Easter in Cape of Hispaniola Or Semana Las Ouejas Cabo Franco El Puerto de Plata Baracoa Isla de Tortugas otherwise called Hinagua The Isle of Iaico Las sierras de Cabanca Cayo Romano This word Cayo in the â—â—â—caian tongue signifieth a flat or a shâ—ld Cabo de Cruz. This Island lyeth 100. leagues from Hauana The great Parcel Las Anguillas Another Cayo 6 or 7 leagues from Cayo de Cruz. El Puerto de Maranzas or The hauen 〈◊〉 slaughters 〈◊〉 Las Sierras de Guana Cruz del Padre La Baia de Conel La Baia de Caos or Cayos Or Camoloquec Note large * This is a very commoditus Isle for 〈◊〉 in our way to Virginia * large A treatâ—se of the West Indieâ— The yle oâ— Trinidad Curiâ—paâ— Parico Tierra de Breâ— The death of Captaine Whiddon â— Englishmen betrayed by Antony Berreo The Citie of S. Ioseph taken Antony Berreo taken prisoneâ— Sir W. Ralegâ— passed 400. miles toward Guianaâ— The statelines of Manoa marg Fran. Lopez de Gomara hist. gen cap. 120. Iuan Martineâ— the first that euer saw Mâ—noa Diego de Ordaâ— went â—oorth with 600 souldiers 1531. Fran. Lopez bist gen de las Ind. cap. 87. The great city of Manoa or El Dorado The author of the name of El Doradoâ— The substance of this report is in the end of the nauigation of the great riuer of Marannon written by Gonzalo Fernando de â—uiedo to cardinall Bembâ—â— Ramusin Vol 3. fol. 416. Sir Robert Duddeleyâ— Reade Iosephus Acosta The voyage of sir Iohn Burgh to the West Indiesâ— 1534. Gomar cap. 84â— 86. Don Pedro de Siluaâ— Pedro Hernandez de Serpa Don Gonzales Ximenes de Casada Antonio Berreo A new rich trade of the French to the riuer of Amazones The seat of the Amazones Many great riuer a falling into Orenoque The prouince of Emeria inhabited by gentle Indians Carapana Morequito Vides the gouernour of Cumana competâ—tor with Berreo in the conquest of Guiana Macureguaray Ten Spanyards arâ—â—e at Manoa Aromaia Saima anâ— â—â—â—kiri