Matters in difference between him and the People who endeavouring to reconcile them the People would not be perswaded to admit Tosti for their Earl but by the help of Edwin Earl of Mercia expelled him Edward the Confessor A. D. 1065. and then Morcar they chose for their Earl at the King's command Edward now growing infirm with Age having no Children By the help of Edwin Earl of Mercia they expel and reject him And by the Kings command they choose Morcar for their Earl Ingulph f. 511. b. n. 30. Edward declares William Duke of Normandy his Successor thought not Edgar Atheling Son of Edward called the Out-law Son of Edmund Ironside the right Heir either fit for the Crown and Government or able to bear up against the Power and Violence of Godwin's Sons and therefore declared William Duke of Normandy his Cousin-German by the Mother-side his Successor and of his intention to do so he had given him private intimation before by Harold and others who with all readiness promised to give him their assistance to obtain the Crown [6.] De Ducib Norman lib. 6. c. 31. Gemiticensis says he first sent Robert Archbishop of Canterbury to give him notice of his intention and afterward sent Harold to do him Fealty concerning the expectation of the Crown and confirm Edward's Grant by Oath [6.] Gul. Pictav fol. 181. D. 191. A. Gul. Pictavenses says the same and adds further that his Brother and Brother's Son remained Hostages for the Security of this Succession and that this was done by the consent of Edward's great men A. D. 1066. alias 1065. and dies The broad Seal first used Lamb. peramb. Kent or the English Nobility on Christmass time this year he sickned and died and was buried in the Abbey of Westminster which he had founded or at least reedified and by Charter granted to it many Immunities and Priviledges to which was annexed the first great Seal used in England He was a quiet Prince had a great kindness for the Clergy and much governed by them so nothing considerable passed in Church-affairs in his Reign Edward the Confessor being dead Harold Son of Godwin A. D. 1065. Ingulph in that year fol. 511. b. Gesta Gul. de fol. 191. A. De Duc. Nor. lib. 6. c. 31. He died on the Eve of Epiphaphany Ib. fol. 512. A. and then Earl of Kent and West-Saxony who had formerly (d) Eadmer reports that after the death of his Father Earl Godwin Fol. 4 5. See Notes in Edwards letter b. Seld. Note on Eadmer fol. 163. Eadmer fol. 5. Gemitticen de duc Norman l. 6. c. 31. he asked leave of the King to pass into Normandy and fetch home is Brother Wulnoth and Nephew Hacon who were there Hostages and that he was driven by Storm into the River Maia in the Earldom of Ponthieu in Picardy bordering upon Normandy where by Earl Guido he was made Prisoner Harold sends to William Earl of Normandy and gives him an account what had happened to him who forthwith commands the Earl of Ponthieu to send Harold unto him if he would enjoy his accustomed Friendship and being sent after a second threatning Message he is honourably received of William who in a short time propounded to him that if King Edward should give him England he would keep for him the Castle of Dover with the Well of Water to assist him in obtaining the Kingdom and promise to marry his Daughter then he should have the liberty of his Brother and Nephew and whatever else he could reasonably ask when he had Possession of the Kingdom Harold knew the danger in consenting to these things yet knew not how to escape if he should refuse them he therefore swore upon all the Reliques of the Saints produced by William Mat. Paris fol. 2 c. A. D. Annal. 1066. Ibid. Eadmer fol. 5. n. 30. that he would perform them gone or rather was sent by King Edward over into Normandy to Duke William according to William of Poictiers and there had sworn after the death of Edward to marry his Daughter and preserve the Kingdom for him Gemetricensis says upon these Conditions he offered to give him in Marriage his Daughter Alice and half the Kingdom The day after the Kings Funeral contrary to his Oath and Faith given invades the Throne and was solemnly Crowned by (e) 'T is generally said by our common Historians that he invaded the Throne and crowned himself without the assistance of a Bishop which made the Pope and Clergy his enemies ever after but Hoveden as here Ingulph says he was crowned by this Alfred and Eadmer and Hoveden both say he was designed Successor by King Edward Aldred Archbishop of York Harold A. D. 1065. and for the time he injoyed it which was nine months only behaved himself worthily with great Courage and Justice William hearing what was done sends Messengers to expostulate with Harold Gul. Pictav 220. B. and let him know that he had broken his Oath and not performed his Agreement and Promises and to require from him some just means of accommodation between them but Harold claims the Crown upon a Grant from Edward upon his Death-bed later than that of William scarce vouchsafes his Ambassadors Audience denies the Agreement (f) Saying he could not dispose of a Kingdom that was not then his nor do that or with conveniency Marry without the advice of his Nobility Ibidem Gemit de duc Nor. l 6. c. 32. Ingulph 510. b. excuseth his Promises slights and neglects all just means of Compromise offered and then when the Summer was almost spent by an ineffectual intercourse of Messengers and Messages (g) Or as some say he consented to hold the Kingdom as his Feudary William appeals and refers this Affair to the Pope who examining his pretences Ib. Ingulphus animates and sends him a Banner in token of Victory Harold in the mean time little valuing the Pope's Judgment and Sentence gathers an Army secures the Ports and more especially persues his Brothers (h) By Instigation of and confederacy with William he hating his Brother Harold and they marrying two Sisters the Daughters of the Earl of Flanders Tosto dayly infesting the Coasts who sailing Northward and joyning with Harold (i) As he was roving up and down the Coasts of Scotland and North part of England King Edwin Earl of Mercia sometimes called Earl of Chester Morcar of Northumberland sometimes called Earl of York both Sons of Aâ—gar eldest Son of Leofric Earl of Mercia Ibidem Malms in Guliel 1. fol. 56. b. sometime Earl of Leicester Harfager King of Norway with a Fleet of 200 Ships came into the mouth of Humber and up the River Ouse almost to York where landing a numerous Army they assault take and sack the City committing a mighty slaughter Ibidem k Edwin and Morcar both Earls and Brethren with what Forces they could suddenly bring together advance toward
18. Robert Cumin and 700 Men slain In the third year of his Reign he made Robert Cumin Earl of Northumberland who with 700 Men coming to Duresm and using the People of that Place and Inhabitants of the Country severely they Conspired against him killed him and most of his Men. Soon after they killed (q) He was Son [8.] Ibidem Col. 205. a. 27. Waltheof who of Siward Earl of Northumberland by Elsâ—eda Daughter and Heir of Aldred also Earl of Northumberland Robert Fitz-Richard [7.] Ord. vit 512. C. Marâ—eswen Gospatric and Edgar Athelin attempt York Governor of the Garison at York with many others Flusht with this success (r) [9.] Ord. vit 513. D. Edric the Forester who Ordericus Vitalis calls him Marius Suevâ—â— Marleswen Gospatric and Edgar attempt York where William Mallet then Commanded who being much distressed by them the King made haste to relieve which done he built there another Castle or Fortress and left the Command of it to William Fitz-Osborn and returned to Winchester where he kept Easter A second Castle built there [8.] Ibid. 213. B. C. D. The Danes assist the English King Sweyn of Denmark much sollicited by the English and furnished with their Money about this time set forth 240 Sail of Ships under the Command of his two Sons Harold and Cnute and their Uncle Earl Osbern Manned partly with Danes partly with English that had fled thither which roved up and down the English Coasts upon which they made many Descents [9.] S. Dunel Col. 198. n 40. At length having joyned a Fleet provided by Edgar (q) He was Son [8.] Ibidem Col. 205. a. 27. Waltheof who of Siward Earl of Northumberland by Elfleda Daughter and Heir of Aldred also Earl of Northumberland Waltheof (r) [9.] Ord. vit 513. D. Edric the Forester who Ordericus Vitalis calls him Marius Suevus Marleswain and many others they came into the Mouth of the River Humber where they received Gospatric with the whole Force of Northumberland with which united Strength about the middle of September And joyning with the Northumbrians take York and 3000 Normans they assault the City of York and its two Fortresses take them and kill more than 3000 Normans William Malet the then Vice-Comes his Wife and two Children Gilbert de Gant and some few others having had their Lives spared [1.] Ibid. Col. 199. n. 2. The Conqueror marcheth with a great Army into Northumberland wasts it and buys off the Danes King William being advertised of this Slaughter raised a great Army and marched speedily and in great fury into Northumberland which he wasted all Winter killing the Inhabitants and committing other Cruelties in the mean time by Messengers he Treated with the Danish Earl Osbern and promised privately to give him a great Sum of Money and permitted him to take Provision for his Army upon the Sea Coasts so as after Winter he would depart without Fighting to which he agreed The [2.] Ibidem n. 20 30. Northumberland void of Inhabitants Nation now was so destroyed by the Normans and especially Northumberland that between (Å¿) Then Northumberland was accounted all the County beyond Humber Northwards as far as Tweed York and Duresm it was wholly void of Inhabitants and lay wast the space of 60 Miles [3.] Ibidem n. 50. he remained some time with his Army between the Rivers (t) Two Rivers which bound the Bishoprick of Durham North and South the Land between them was anciently called St. Cuthbert's Patrimony Tees and Tine where he found the Houses empty the Inhabitants having fled for their safety unto the Mountains and into Woods [4.] Ord. vit 515. B. C. D. Gospatric and Earl Waltheof reconciled to the Conqueror here Earl Waltheof and Gospatric were reconciled to him giving their Oath of Fealty From thence he returned to York and having established all things there and in that Country he marched over Mountains and through Woods cross the Country into Cheshire and Wales to correct those People who besides other Offences committed had lately besieged Shrewsbury and arriving [5.] Ibidem 516. A. He quiets Mercia safely with his Army at Chester he quieted the whole Country of Mercia (*) S. Dunel 202. n. 47. The Castles at Chester and Stafford built and (u) He was called By the Normans Sylvaticus and sometimes Forester for his living in and frequenting the Woods for his security [1.] S. Dun. Col. 197. n. 29. he was Son of Alfric who was Brother to Edric Sireon the Arch-Traytor Earl of Shrewsbury Edric the Forester was reconciled to him which done he raised a Fortress there and another in his return at Stafford and placed strong Garisons in both From thence he marched to Salisbury where largely rewarding his Soldiers for this Expedition dismissed them While [6.] S. Dunel Col. 200. n. 20.30 Col. 201. n. 20 c. Malcolm King of Scots waste Teesdale Cleveland c. William lay between Tees and Tâ—ne Edgar Atheling with his Mother and Sisters and many others took Ship at the Mouth of the River (x) The River upon which Duresm is seated Were and passed into Scotland the Danes all that time doing nothing further against the King or returning home when Malcom King of Scots with a great Multitude passing by Cumberland Gospatric wastes Cumberland then in his power wasted and plundered Teesdale Cleveland and Holderness carrying away great Spoils and many Men and Women [7.] Ibidem n. 30 c. Malcolm Marries Edgar Atheling's Sister which were made Servants and Slaves to the Scots In revenge of these Ravages Gospatric enters Cumberland and makes the like destruction there When Malcolm after this Inrode returned home he Married Margaret Sister to Edgar Atheling [5.] Paris in vita Fred. Ab. fol. 49. n. 10. See the Answer to Argumâ—ntum Anâ— Not long after Lanfranc was made Arch-Bishop of Canturbury the stout Abbat of St. Albans Frederic practised with many of the Nobility to have made Edgar Atheling King and notwithstanding a Peace made with William yet fearing lest he or his Arch-Bishop should vent their fury upon him left his Convent and went privately into the Isle of Ely [6.] S Dunel Col. 203 22. Frederic Abbat of St. Albans with many Bishops and Noblemen retire into the Isle of Ely Upon the same fears Edwin and Morchar retired from Court and suspecting the success of their Affairs Edwin determined to go unto Malcolme King of Scotland but in his Journey thither was slain being betrayed by his own Followers Morchar betook himself to the Isle of Ely where he met with besides Abbat Frederic Agelwin Bishop of Duresme Siward called Barn Walter Bishop of Hereford and many other great Men of the English [7.] Dugd. Hist of Draining fol. 186. who sent for [8.] Ingulph Hist Croyl 511. a. n. 42. They send for Hereward and defend it a long time Hereward or Heward
Flor. Wigorn. f. 673. Several Towns and Castles revolt to the Empress Milo to whom he had in the life of King Henry committed the Custody of that Castle having done Homage and sworn Fealty to him for it When the arrival of the Empress in England was certainly known several Towns Castles and Men of Note revolted and did Homage to her as their Queen after her coming to Bristol [9.] Malmsb. f. 104. a. n. 40 50. Hen. Hunt f. 22â— a. n. 50 Chron. Norm f. 977. A. B. Shrewsbury Town and Castle taken some of the Defendents Hanged The Governor of Dover affrighted with that Example yields the Castle Geffry Talbot with the City of Hereford declared for her Paganell and the Town and Castle of Ludlowe and a great part of Wales William Moiun and Dunster Castle Ralph Luvell and Castle-Cary William Fitz-John and the Castle of Harpetre all in Somersetshire Robert the Son of Alured of Lincoln and Warham Castle and Town all submitted to her and William Fitz-Alan with the Town of Shrewsbury which he quitted when the King came against it and left a Deputy in it who made Oath to him to defend it In few days he took the Town and Castle and Hanged some of the Prisoners which had such effect upon Walchelm Maminot the Governor of Dover Castle which the Queen then besieged that so soon as he heard it he yielded it to her The King marched with his Army from place to place and Castle to Castle endeavouring to take them in but where he had no hopes of doing it he built an Anti-Castle or Fortress commonly before the Gate at a small distance either to keep them in and so starve them or to prevent their going out in great Parties into the Country and so in a great measure preserve that from Plundring While King Stephen was thus employed [1.] Hen Hun. ibid. b. n. 10 20 c. Chron. Norm ut supra David King of Scots invaded England on behalf of his Niece the Empress David King of Scots with a great Army invaded Northumberland and the North Parts By the Direction and Advice of Thurstan Arch-Bishop of York and Walter de Espec a powerful Baron of Northumberland A great Standard in form of a Dragon was fixed at Alverton now North-Alverton in Yorkshire to which the Forces and Voluntiers of those parts resorted which were raised by the Industry Diligence and great Pains of the two Persons last named with their Friends A great accession of Force they had from William Earl of Albamarle William Peuerel of Nottingham Roger de Molbraio or Moubray and Ilbert Lacy. These with Walter de Espec under the Earl of Albamarle were the great Commanders The English kept close to their Standard the Scots charged them furiously and were received and beaten back and then charged by the English with great Courage and Resolution His Army Routed whereupon they fled and the English obtained a compleat Victory killing 10 or 12000 upon the place This was the famous Battle of the Standard The famous Battle of the Standard largely described by Richard Prior of Hagustald and of which Ailred Abbat of Rievall hath written a particular Tract The War in England between Maud the Empress and King Stephen managed with great Rapâ—ne and Barbarity Hence forward during all of this Kings Reign in most of the Historians we read of nothing almost but Fire and Sword Blood and Slaughter Rapine Plunder and Captivity One full Instance whereof I will give you from an Eye-Witness the Continuer of the Chronicle of Florence of Worcester The [2.] Contin Fâ—or Wigorn. f 671 673. A. D. 1139. Worcester burnt and taken Clergy and Citizens of Worcester had often received King Stephen with great Joy and Kindness They were told that their Enemies from Gloucester would suddenly come and Burn Waste and Plunder their City They were much terrified at the Report and Consult what to do The Result was They should betake themselves to the Protection of Christ and his Blessed Mother commit themselves to the Tuition of St. Oswald and Wulstan sometimes Bishops of that City Those that were present might see all the Citizens Goods carried into the Cathedral There was scarce room in the Monastery for the Clergy All the Hangings and Ornaments of the Church and Altars were taken down and laid aside The Clergy sang within the Church the Mothers and Children cried and lamented without On the Seventh of November on which day began a great Frost the City of Gloucester came with a great Army of Horse and Foot By these words it appears the Monk was then present to take spoil and burn the City of Worcester Nos autem saith the Monk timentes Ornamentis Sanâ—uarii benignissimi Patroni nostri Oswald reliquias Albis induti tota sonante Classe c. But we fearing the Ornaments of the Sanctuary carried abroad in our Surplesses the Reliques of our most benigne Patron Oswald with humble Procession the whole Quire and Company singing aloud and walking with them in the Church-yard from one Gate to another to the terror of our Enemies who attacked a strong Fortress on the South side of the City The Rapine of the Soldiers and were beaten off from thence they go and assault the North side where they enter and fire it in many places and burn a good part of the City but the greater part stood They had a very great Prey of the Citizens Goods and of Oxen Sheep Cowes and young Cattle and Horses in the Country They took very many in the Lanes and Streets and coupled them together like Dogs and carried them away and had they or had they not wherewithall to pay the Price put upon them they were compelled to pay such Ransom as by Oath they had promised On the Thirtieth of [3.] Ibidem f 673. The Earl Worcesters revenge for the destruction of that City The Earl of Worcester who he was November (a) The Earl of Worcester was Waleran Earl of Mellent now Meulan seated upon the River Seyn in Normandy [5.] Dugd. Baron Tom. 1. f. 225. col 2. Hen. Hunt f. 226. a. n. 50. he was made so by King Stephen and William de Bello Campo or Beauchamp of Elmly Castle in that County turned out who was Hereditary Castellan at Worcester and Sheriff of the County by Emelin his Mother Daughter and Heir of Vrso de Abeâ—ot the Earl of Worcester came to the City and when he saw how it was burnt was much grieved and perceiving what injury he had received gathered together some Forces and went to Sudley in Gloucestershire to be revenged upon (b) He was Son to Harold who was Son [6.] Ibid. f. 21. col 2. f. 428. col 2. Flor. Wig. f. 629. Anno Dom. 1055. John Fitz-Harold who he was to Ralph Earl of Hereford in Edward the Confessors time which Harold is to be found in Domesday-Book in Gloucester and Warwick-Shires noted thus Heraldus filius
Forces he conducted the Earl to Wexford leaving the care of that Town unto one Tyrell or Purcell him the Waterfordians slew and all the English they could find in the Streets or in their Houses Man Woman and Child not sparing Age or Sex yet the City it self was preserved by such as were in Reginald's Tower who drove the Traytors out of the City and forced them to seek for Peace which they obtained upon hard Conditions Reymund marries Basilia At Wexford Reymund was married to Basilia and the Wedding night being over next day hearing Roderick King of Connaught had again destroyed Mâ—th and was marched into the Country near Dublin went with his Forces toward him but he stayed not his coming Reymund finding him retired repaired the Castles in Meth and brought things to such a pass as through fear of him the Nation for some short time remained in Peace But long it was not [7] Ibid. c. 8. Donald breaks his Oath made to King Henry e're Donald O Breen or Brin King of Limerick and Mounster departed from the Fealty he had sworn to the King of England Whereupon Reymund gathered together an hundred Knights or men at Arms and with twenty other Horse-men as his Guard three hundred Archers on Horseback and as many on Foot about the first of October attacqued Limerick and coming to the River Shanon that almost encompasseth the City which was deep and swift they could proceed no further David Welsh his Courage David Welsh so called from his Family not Country a couragious young Gentleman that despised Death in respect of Honor forced his Horse into the River and passed over it and from the place where he was cried out to the Army he had found a Foord yet none followed him but one Geofry Judas a common Soldier who was drowned Meiler seeing this envying the Courage and Honor that David Welsh had got in his passing over and safe return clapt Spurs to his Horse and went through the River notwithstanding the great danger he was to undergo from the Stones thrown at him from the Walls and the opposition he was to meet with at his going out of it on the other side yet he got safe upon Land and was presently encountred by the Enemy Reymund observing in what danger his Nephew was incouraged his Army and led them over with the loss only of two of his Guards and one common Soldier named Guido Reymund takes Limerick that were drowned He presently drove the Enemy into the City and with great slaughter of the Citizens took it by force wherein the Army found much rich Booty and Gold When Reymund [8] Ibid. c 10 had put the City into good order leaving there fifty Knights or men at Arms with 200 ordinary Horse and as many Archers he marched into Leinster leaving Miles of St. Davids Governor of it Hervey de Monte Marisco envying the Honor and Success of Reymund notwithstanding he was related to him by the Marriage of his Cousin German Nesta Hervey endeavors to undermine Reymund the Daughter of Maurice Fitz-Girald plied the King continually with secret and malitious Informations against him insinuating and asserting that he would not only subdue and usurp to himself and followers the Country of Limerick but also the whole Nation of Ireland The King moved with this Information and giving credit to Hervey sent [9] Ibid. c. 11 four Legats or Commissioners Robert Poer Osbert de Hereford William de Bendinges and Adam de Gernemie or rather Gernemâ—e whereof two were to come with Reymund being recalled into England and two were to stay with the Earl But it so happened that while Reymund was preparing for his passage into England Messengers came from the [1] Ibid. c. â—2 Garison in Limeric Donald besieges Limeric relating that Donald O Breen Prince of Tuomond with a great multitude had besieged or encompassed it and that in Winter time they had spent most of their Victuals and therefore desired sudden Relief The Earl was very earnest and sollicitous to relieve them and called upon and quickened the Army to that undertaking Reymund sent to relieve it but they all denied to march without Reymund The Earl advising with the Kings Commissioners at length as well by the earnest request and pressure of him as of them Reymund undertook the Service and marching towards Cashil with 80 Knights or men at Arms 200 ordinary Horse and 300 Archers besides the Irish he brought with him Murchard Prince of Kincel perhaps now Kynsale and Donald Prince of Ossory he heard that Donald of Tuomond had left the Siege of Limeric and was coming to meet him at the Pass of Cassil which was of it self very strong but by new fortifying it with Ditches cutting down of Trees placing them Artificially and making strong Hedges it was made as it were impassable The Army [2] Ibid. c 13. Meyler enters Limeric marched in three Divisions Meyler commanded the first who made such a furious onset at the Pass as he almost destroyed the Hedge and Barricado of Trees killing many of the Defendents and opened his way through it by the Sword on the Vigil or Eve of Easter and on Tuesday that week entred Limeric with his Victorious Army and repaired what had been ruined or destroyed by the Siege Not long after [3] Ibidem Conaught and Tuomond swear Fealty to King Henry Reymund had Conference with the Princes of Conaught and Tuomond on the same day but not in the same place after much discourse each Prince gave Hostages and swore inviolable Fidelity for the future to the King of England and his Substitutes No sooner [4] Ibidem Reymund helps Dermot against his Rebel Son was Reymund returned with his Hostages to Limeric but Dermot Mac-Carty sent and supplicated him for assistance against his eldest Son Cormach O Lechan who had almost driven him out of his Kingdom promising him and his Soldiers large rewards He takes advice about his request and then marches to Cork takes the Town subdues the Rebel Son and restores the Father and returned with much Booty and good satisfaction to Limeric Under pretence of Peace the Son caught his Father and imprisoned him the Father under the same pretence got his Son and chopt off his Head A. D. 1175. After this the Prince of Conaught sent his Submission and Conditions to the King of England [5] Hoved. f. 312. b. n. 10 20. King Henry holds a Council at Windsor by his three Commissioners Catholic Archbishop of Tuam Cantord Abbat of St. Brandan and Laurence his Chancelor On the sixth of October the King held a great Council at Windsor present there the King his Son the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishops of England and present also Laurence the Archbishop of Dublin and the Earls and Barons of England where they made this Concord and Agreement on behalf of Roderic of Conaught First The King of England [6] Append.
however he sent them Prisoners to Paris and there to be secured This put the rest of the Defendents of the Earl of March his Castles into such an Affright that some of their own accord came in and delivered up their Keys to the King of France and others capitulated upon his appearing before them These uninterrupted Successes made the [1] fol. 589. l. 1. The Earl of March repents him that he had ingaged himself against his own King King Henry put upon great difficulties and distresses Earl of March and his Poictovins almost desperate who now began to repent they had ingaged themselves against their own Lord the King of France In the mean time the King of England came before the City of Tailleburgh and pitched in a Meadow over against it When the King of France heard of it he marched with his Army towards that place As soon as the Citizens had notice of his approach they went out to meet him and surrendred their City to him and invited him to take possession of it When the King of England saw himself thus disappointed and that he must now fight the French with the men he had with him [2] Ibid. n. 50 He called to the Earl of March and asked how he had performed his promise of procuring Men enough to baffle the French if he supplyed them with Money The Earl replyed He never made any such promise The Earl of March denies his promise made to him Then Earl Richard produced the Chart of Agreement between them He denyed that it was ever made or sealed by him or that he had ever encouraged the undertaking this expedition but it was [3] fol. 590. lin 1 2 3 4. the contrivance of his Wife and his Mother When the King heard the Earl's Reply he was very much concerned and Earl Richard seeing the danger the King was in of being made prisoner [4] fol. 590. n. 10. Earl Richard goes to the French Camp and obtains a Truce disarmed himself and with a Staff in his Hand went to the French Camp where he was kindly and honorably received and being introduced to the Kings Presence he desired a Truce which the King granted for one day and a night following Assoon as the Earl had obtained this Truce he returned to King Henry and advised him to make his escape with as much speed as he could otherwise he would be taken prisoner [5] Ibid. n. â—0 King Henry's flight to Xaints The King followed his advice took Horse at night and never stopped till he came to Xaints the whole Army followed him but with great hazard and some loss Next day the King of France decamped and marched with his Army towards Xaints after some few days both Armies met and fought and had the English [6] Ibid n. 40. A Fight between the English and French equalled the French in number they had gained an entire victory The number of those that were slain on either side is not mentioned but the Prisoners that were taken were exchanged Those that behaved themselves with Courage and Resolution in this Battle were Simon Montfort Earl of Leicester the Earl of Salisbury the Earl of Norfolk Roger Bigod John de Burgo Warin de Monâ—chensy Hubert Fitz-Matthew Ralph Fitz-Nicholas with some others When the [7] fol. 591. n. 10 20. The Earl of March endeavours to be reconciled to the King of France Earl of March saw how successful the King of France was in every thing he attempted and that his strength daily increased He began to consider how he should regain his Favour and be reconciled unto him He therefore privily sent to the Earl of Brittain that he with the Bishop of Xaints would use their endeavours with the King of France to procure his Pardon Upon this they both went to the King and assured him That the Earl of March was sensible how much he had offended against him and his Crown and implored his Mercy and Favour adding he might receive him under what conditions he pleased The King of France [8] Ibid. n. 30 40. The Terms upon which he made his Peace accepted the offer and was reconciled unto him upon these Terms That whatever that King had possessed himself of the Earls during this War should be for ever annexed to the Crown and also That all those Castles that were in his possession whether they were his own or his friends which were thought to be injurious to the King of France should be delivered into his hands for three years and then not to be restored unless the King was satisfied of his Fidelity That He should with 200 armed Men enter into his Service and faithfully serve him for three years at his own charges against all enemies of the Church or Crown of France Moreover he should surrender up his Charter whereby the King of France was obliged to pay him 10000 l. a year for defence of the Marches and should quit any such claim for the future [9] Ibid. n. 50. He enters into the King of France his Service To these hard Conditions he was forced to consent to obtain his pardon and was presently sent against the Earl of Tholouse his old friend and the King of Englands Confederate This was all done without the knowledge of King Henry who had by [1] fol. 592. n. 10. King Henry loseth the affections of the Citizens of Xaint Charter given the City of Xaints to Hugh Bruno the Earl of March his Son and his younger Brother without the privity of the Citizens whereby the King lost their Affections for that they hated Hugh However he thought himself safe and secure there till he was informed by one from the French Camp that that King [2] Ibid. n. â—0 He is certified the King of France designed to besiege that City His flight to Blaie designed to come and besiege that City very suddenly and was resolved not to rise till he had made him prisoner which was confirmed by another who likewise assured him that the Earl of March was revolted to the French and if He continued there one night longer he would be besieged King Henry being by this Second Messenger confirmed in his belief that the news was true fled to Blaie a Town in Gascoigny about 40 or 50 English miles from Xaints and his Army followed but were so harassed with the length and suddenness of the March that they were unfit for any service All Poictou submit to the King of France Upon this Xaints Ponz and all Poictou forthwith submitted to the King of France only Hertoldus Governor of [3] fol. 593. n. 50. Hertoldus his Fidelity to King Henry Mirabell Castle went to the King of England and implored his protection to whom the King replyed He was betrayed by the Earl of March and was scarce able to secure his own person and therefore gave him leave to act according to his own discretion Then he went to the King of
1.37 About this time Probus Fought with the Vandals and Burgundians that Invaded Gallia and overcame them the Prisoners he took were sent into Britain where being well setled they proved very useful to the Emperor upon any Commotions or Insurrections After him Carus succeeded in the Empire who making an Expedition into Persia took with him Numenarius one Son An. Dom. 282 and left Carinus another to Govern in Gallia Italy (y) It contained the Countries of Dalmatia and Croatia lying upon the Gulâ— Adriatique or of Venice between Istria and Macedonia now called Schlavonia or Sclavonia Illiricum Spain Africk Carinus and Britain as Emperor and directed that in all things he should behave himself accordingly Vospic in Carin c. 16.985 c. 18.989 Dioclesian An. Dom. 284. But Dioclesian being saluted Augustus by the Eastern Army after many Battles vanquish'd and Kill'd him at Margum a Town in (z) Margum was a Town in Upper Masia the Country's since called Bosna and Servia near Dalmatia Moesia About this time Carausius a Man of mean Birth but of a great Mind was Imployed to secure the Belgiâ— (a) now Bretaigne in France and Armorican Coasts An. Dom. 287. infested by the Francs and Saxons who neither restoring to the Owners what he had taken Victor de Caesar c. 39. Sect. 2. Bede lib. 1. c. 6.30 31. Carausius Rebelleth Maximianus made Dioclesians Collegue An. Dom. 286. nor giving the Emperors Officers an account thereof grew Rich with his Spoils and being too great a delinquent to think of safety and urged also by the notice he had of Maximianus Herculius whom Dioclesian had made his Collegue in the Empire then making War in Gallia his Commandment to have him Killed he Assumed the Purple and possessed himself of Britain him Maximianus endeavored to reduce by force but in vain for having gained the Roman Legions and drawn into his Party the discontented People Dioclesian and Maximianus Anno Dom. 271 278. c and Northern Britains being likewise a valiant Man and great Soldier at last he made Peace with him and permitted him to enjoy the Island Eutrop. lib 9.94 95. Anno Domini 291. Galerius and Constantius made Associates in the Empire Anno Domini 293. Eumenius Panegyr 10. The State of the Empire growing troublesome the Two Emperors chose Two Associates and Assistants in the Government by the Title of Caesars Galerius Maximinus who was sent into Persia and Constantius Chlorus into Britain against Carausius but before he arrived Carausius was slain by Alectus his Familiar Friend and great Confident one trusted with the Management of his greatest Affairs after he had ruled Britain Seven years Constantius after he had taken Gessoriacum which had been possessed by Carausius laid hold of this opportunity to prosecute the War against Alectus who had set himself up in Carausius his place and understanding Constantius his Design resolved to meet and intercept his Fleet at Sea and for this purpose he lay with his Navy upon the Coast of the Isle Vectis (b) Vectis the Isle of Wight here must be a Mistake in Eumenius for why he should lye here I understand not seeing from Gessoriacum or Bologne there was a more ready Passage and far shorter into Britain but his expectation being frustrated by reason the Romans in a thick Mist recover'd the Land before he could discover them he prepar'd to encounter them and try his Fortune on shore Constantius that he might leave to his Soldiers no hope of safety but Victory burnt his own Ships so soon as they were Landed both Armies approaching one another Anno Domini 296. Constantius charged Alectus whose Army consisting for the most part of Mercenaries Francs Germans c. was soon routed and Alectus himself slain by Asclepiodotus the (c) He was Captain of the Emperors Guards and the Soldiers of the Guard were called Praetorian Soldiers Praetorian Praefect The Francs fled to London which they Pillaged but before they could get off with their Plunder part of the Roman Army which in the Mist at Sea had been separated from the main Fleet by chance being brought thither unladed them of their Spoils and put the most part of them to the Sword he having Usurped Three years after Ten years Britain was restored to the Roman Empire Eutrop. lib. 9 95. according to Eutropius but Eumenius seems to report this as one Continued Action The Christians Persecuted A. D. 303. Bede lib. 1. c. 7 31. Gildus n. 8. Pag. 16 17 18. c. Most certain it is that about this time the Innocent and Harmless Christians throughout the Empire suffered under a most horrid and dreadful Persecution because they refused to offer Sacrifice to the Roman gods according to the Command of Dioclesian and many in this Island the Narratives of whose Christian Zeal Courage and Constancy are so obscured by the Fabulousness of the Relators and so mixed with Fictitious Fancies That we can scarce Discover Really what persons suffered or when where and in what manner they received their Crowns of Martyrdom Anno Domini 304. Euseb de vita Constantin lib. 1. c. 9. But Dioclesian and Maximianus having resigned the Empire to Galerius and Constantius the latter of whom among his other Provinces having Britain for his share gave the Christians there the Free Exercise of their Religion he came into this Isle himself where reinforcing the Garrisons toward the Borders and establishing a general Peace he came to York Dioclesian and Maximianus Gaâ—erius and Constantius Constantinus Magnus Anno Dom. 300. c. and there fell Sick of a languishing Disease and died In the mean time Constantine happily made his escape and came Post from Rome whom his Father receiv'd with exceeding great joy named him and was after his Funeral saluted Emperor by the whole Army He was the Son of Constantius by Helena and what she was Auâ—el Victor de Caesar c. 40. Eumen. Panegyric 9. Zosim lib. 2.46 Euseb de vita Constant lib. 1. c. 15 16. Constantine Anno Domini 307. Zosim lib. 2.46 47. Bede lib. 1. c. 6.31 Niceph. lib. 7. Eccl. Hist c. 17. at large whether his Wife or Concubine and of what Country whether of Britain Moesia or Bithynia it is much controverted amongst Authors Zosimus Bede and Nicephorus report her his Concubine and unlawful Woman others as Eutropius c. will have her his Wife and that he was Divorced from her when he Married Theodora the Daughter in Law of Maximianus who exalted him to the Empire As to her Country Bede is silent Baronius Cambden Alford Fuller and many others will have her a Britain and some the Daughter of King or Earl Coel and that Constantin was born in Britain Nicephorus Livienus Lipsius and others contend he was born at (d) A Town in Asia in the Country Bithynia between the Cities Nicomedia and Nicaea near the Propontis called Helenopolis in Memory of Helena
to these Meetings and he that neglects to come shall be punished fifteen shillings So it was here in the Saxons time Doomesday in the Customs of Arcenfield in Hereford-shire Si vice-comes evocet eos ad Sciremote meliores ex eis Sex aut septem cum eo vadunt qui non vadit vocatus det duos solidos vel unum bovem Regi An Ox valued at 2â— qui de Hundret remanet tantundem solvit And there in the Customs of Chester T. R. E. erant duodecim Judices civitatis hi erant de hominibus Feudataries or Milites Regis Episcopi Comitis horum siquis de Hundret remanebat die quo sedebant sine excusatione manifestâ x. solid emendebat inter Regem Comitem and so in the Customs of other places in Doomesday in the time of Edward the Confessor there are Mulcts and Punishments to be found for such Suitors as gave not their Attendance at the County and Hundred Courts And further as we had our * 12 times in a year Ll. Ed. Conf. c. 35. Tit. de Heretoch Hundred Courts Ll. Edgari before cited Ll. Ethelred c. 4. leg polit Canut c. 16. So had the old Germans Ll. Alaman Tit. 36. § 1. Conventus c. let the Meeting or Gemote according to antient Custom be in every Hundred before the Earl his Commissary or the Hundredary ibidem § 2. Hundred Courts in Germany Let the Court be from Saturday to Saturday or what day the Earl or Centenary shall think fit every seventh (e) The old Germans and Saxons reckoned their time by nights instead of days and Winters instead of years in some spaces of time we yet retain the Custom as in seventh night and fourteenight or Forthnight night when (f) In old Germany all Frays Fighting Wounding Striving Stealing and all great Offences and Crimes were accounted breach of the Peace so was it here amongst the English Saxons and at this day with us the Peace is not well kept but when the Peace shall be better kept then the Hundred Meeting shall be every fourteen nights Every Free-man whatsoever he was whether the Vassal of a Duke or Earl was punished twelve Shillings if he came not to this Meeting Matters of less moment were determined in the German hundred Courts as well as in ours Ll. Longobard lib. 2. Tit. 52. c. 3. Matters of less moment were â—riable in the hundred Court No man in the Court before the Centenary shall be judged to death or to lose his Liberty his Estate or his Slaves but all such things shall be judged before the Earl or Legate or Commissioner And the greatest matters were triable in the County that is in the County Court where with them and us the Titles of Estates in Land were triable And lastly as we had our Burghmotes mentioned in our Saxon Laws last cited so had the Germans in their Municipia Burghs and Cities their Courts and Judges Their Burgraves civitatis praeposit which Magistrate was sometimes called Sculdais Sculdasis Scultetus or Schults the Tungreve Burmester or Burgomaster not unlike our Major Bayliff or Alderman if the Cause were such as the Sculdais could not end it he was to direct both Parties to their Judge which was the Comes pagi or Earl of the County where the City or Town was Ll. Longobard lib. 2. Tit. 41. c. 1.2 The Parity or Identity of Courts being shewn the Method of proceeding in them shall be considered the very Forms are not to be found of what was done in the Saxons times The Learned [3.] Praefat. in Auth. decem fol. 43. Selden confesseth he could never find them Some Conjectures I shall make what was done here and shew the proceedings in Germany 'T is said in the Fourth of King Ethelred's Laws made at Wanateing Brompton col 896. Habeantur placita in singulis Wapentachiis and let Courts be held in every Wapentach or Hundred How the English Saxons proceeded in Judgment The 12 men mentioned in the Saxon Laws were no Jury-men but Judges and let twelve of the most knowing so I translate Seniores here Thanes or Freemen assemble and meet with the Centenary or Governor of the Hundred so I render Praepositus and swear they will accuse no Innocent person nor spare one that is guilty These twelve Thanes are commonly taken to be Jurors or Jury-men and the other twelve mentioned in [4.] Lamb. fol. 94. Senatus consulto de Montic Wall Six Welch six English are taken to be a Jury ex medietate linguae to try the Welch and English in those parts but these last in the very Law are said to be Judges and Lawyers and not Jurors and were to be punished in their whole Estates if they judged not according to Right and Equity unless they could excuse themselves by pretending to be ignorant of the Law and the other twelve Thanes named in Ethelred's Law were no other but Judges or Assessors with the Hundredary Reve or Praepositus and sworn with him to do every man right and were the same with the (g) They were Assessors to the Comes in his Court or Mall so called from the Saxon Racha a Cause and Burgus a Burgh or City as if we should say a City Judge they are often mentioned in the Salic and Ripuarian Laws as Assistants to the Graffio or Comes Rachinburgii and (h) So called from the * Gryph Weich Sax. c. 64. n. 7. They occur often in the German Laws Saxon Scheppen jubere monere and were Assessors also with the Count and sometimes as Officers under him judged Causes A shaddow of these we retain still in our †Coke in Hund. and County Courts Inst 4 c. 55 56. Free-holders Judges in County and hundred Courts Notes Judgment given by the Major and Assessors in some of our Corporations Essoims what and whence that word County and Hundred Courts where the Free-holders Sectatores curiae Free-Suitors are Judges and Judgment cannot be given in the Court by the Sheriff but in the presence of two three four or more of Free-holders which is now holden sufficient to intitle them to be Judges and the Judgment there given In some also of our Corporations there are Assessors with the Major or chief Magistrate as in Cambridge Judgment is given by the Major and Bailiffs which are four in number besides the Aldermen c. And we find in the Customs of the City of Chester in Doomesday there were twelve Judges of that City in the time of Edward the Confessor which were the men or Feudataries of the King Bishop and Earl Scabini of the Germans which were Judges Coadjutors and Assessors with the Comes and other inferior Judges The Germans caused appearance by Summons and Distress The Germans had two ways of procceeding one by Summons which in their Laws is called Mannitio and that only in two cases when the Question was about a mans
Juraverunt Testantur quod Terr Haward in Eurwicscire tenuit Ws. Mallet c. de omni Terrâ Asae testantur quod Roberti Mallet debet esse Clamores in North Tredinge Lincolniae Testatur Wapentach totus comitatus quod Episcopus Dunelm debet habere c. Norff. Terra Sanctae Aldred Hundr dimid de Clatsclosa in Photesthorpâ sed totus Hundredus Testatur eam fuisse T. E. R. ad Sanctam Adeldred Hantescire Andov Hundr in And. hoc Testatur Hundr So in Doomesday evere where the Hundred witnesseth or testifieth this the Wapentach witnesseth or testifieth this or the County witnesseth or testifies this or that which were no more than the Juries or men of the Hundred or County that were summoned sworn and gave in before the Commissioners that took them the Particulars of the Survey And of such indeed Witnesses did our Juries consist sometime after the Conquest for in Glanvills time [7.] Glanv l. 2. c. 17. none were admitted to be of a Jury that knew not the truth of the thing in question and by their own proper view or sight and hearing had had knowledge of it Few Laws in these elder times Few Laws in elder times about Lands and Possessions concerning Lands either here or in Germany as I noted before and the reason was that most part of the Lands being then Beneficia or Fees held in Military-Service they were held and governed by such Customs and unwritten Laws as were not any where published except in one or two fragments And all other Rights concerning them were only handled in their Lords private Courts Above all these Courts the King had his Court Ll. Edgar human c. 2. Ll. polit Canut c. 16. where no man might Appeal unless he could not have Justice done him in the Hundred or County and then it was to him both a Court of Law and Equity An Appeal to the Kings Court when Justice could not be done other where if he could not have right at home or if that right were too heavy for him then let him seek to the King for ease to the King himself that he might have the rigor of the Law mitigated by the Conscience of the Prince the same Law and the same Court and Power of the Prince was amongst the old Germans Capit. Car. lib. 5. c. 14. c. 141. Charts and Donations signed in publick Malls and Conventions See Chirographum Testamentum Chartae pariculae vel pariles Chartae indentatae Indentuâ—ae In use in old Germany and old France before known in England Mabâ—llon dere Diplomatica lib. 1. c. 2. In their publick Malls their Charts of the Sales of their Estates Donations and Traditions so they called some Donations and Sales to Religious Houses and Monasteries were confirmed See Chartae Antiquae in Antiquitat Alaman Tom. secundo parte prima Antiquitates Fuldenses lib. 1. where are many Instances to be found amongst those Charters and Traditions or as we may call them Deeds and Conveyances See Vadianus Tom. 3. fol. 44 71. Antiqu. Alaman by Godalst who says the consent of the Comes was required to all Donations to Monasteries lest such Lands might be given them as paid Rent to the Prince and by that means his Revenue might be injured And conveyances of Land in our English Saxon times [8.] Somners Gaves p. 87. Conveyances of Land entered in the Shire-book They also and Mortgages Recorded in the Hundred were entered in the Shire-book or Recorded in the Hundred perhaps for the better Security of their Estates And their Morgages likewise or how should the Hundred or County present before the Commissioners for making the Conquerors Survey that such and such Lands were morgaged and the Sum for which they were engaged Terra invadiata with the Sum for how much and to whom expressed which I have seen in Doomesday more than once but do not remember the places and that it was so here after the Conquest it not only appears by what Bracton says fol. 38. n. 12. but it is evident also from the Witnesses to our antient Deeds which were commonly the best men in the Country and living in divers Towns and Places somewhat remote as John of such a Town Thomas of another and Richard of a third c. who 't is probable did not meet to be witnesses to a Conveyance of an Acre or two or some small parcels of Land but they being Suitors to the County or Hundred Courts and bound to attendance there those Deeds or Charts were brought thither and witnessed in open Court As there was an agreeableness in their Laws and Courts The German Judges and Officers like to the English Saxon Officers so was there a likeness in their Judges and chief Officers Comes in the Latin version of the German Laws and Aldermannus in the English Saxon was the general word by which they expressed their Judges or at least those which were Counts and Aldermen were also Judges and under one Name executed two Offices one of a Governour of a County Shire or Province the other of a Judge of the same our old Latin Historians translate the Saxon Ealderman by Regulus Subregulus Patricius Princeps Dux Comes and Consul and it was expressed by every of these Latin words according to the way of those times Seld. Tit. Hon. fol. 502. Aldermannus a general word for many Officers The Shirereve or Earl was called Aldermannus Comitatus The chief Magistrate of a City chief Officer of a Burg or Town and the Constable of a Castle or Castellan was called Aldermannus Civitatis Burgi vel Castelli and the Centenary Hundredary or chief Officer of the Hundred or Wapentach was called Aldermannus Hundredi sive Wapentachii Spelm. Glossar in verb. Aldermannus This word in its signification imports no more than Senior or Elder or as it was corrupted in the Provincial Latin Signior or Seignior which in the [9.] Hottom in verb. Feudal Law signified Lord or Patron who had his Feudataries or Vassals which were obliged to him by the Donation or Tenure of Fees And it s more than probable that seeing most of the degrees of Nobility and men of Power were expressed by this word Ealderman in the Saxon times that it was much used here in the same sence that Seignior was in Italy Germany and the Roman Provinces for a Lord or Patron and sometimes for a great or Royal Vassal which held immediately of the King or Emperor sometimes for such other Vassals though not of the meanest rank that held of them and sometimes for meer ministerial Officers Which later by our Saxons were often called Thegns or Thanes and by those Names Thegn or Thane what and in the Latin Versions of them by the name of Minister They are often found in the Subscriptions of ancient Charters of the Saxon Kings after the Principes Duces and Comites The chief of which were the Kings [1.] Selâ— Tit. Hon. 〈◊〉 507
but two years after his Father and there is nothing memorable of him but his infamous Marriage with Judith his Fathers Widdow After his death Kent Surrey and Sussex with the whole Kingdom came under the Power of Ethelbert in whose Reign the Danes sacked Winchester The Danes beaten Ibidem who returning to their Ships with a mighty prey were met by Osric Earl of Hamshire and Ethelwolph Earl of Berkshire and overthrown with great slaughter Ethelbert after he had reigned honourably five years Ethelbert dies Ibidem and much loved of his Subjects died and was buried at Sherborn with his Brother About this time the Danes wintered in Thanet A. D. 864. the Kentish men making a firm League with them buying their Peace with Money but the Pagans repenting themselves The Danes wast East-Kent and judging their bargain disadvantageous by a sudden Irruption in the night wasted all the East part of Kent Ethelred the third Son of Ethelwolph Ethelred the third Son of Ethelwolph King The Danes harass almost the whole Nation followed his two elder Brothers in the Government whose Reign was a continual conflict with the Danes who under the Conduct of (n) These two Leaders are not mentioned in Asser the Saxon Annals or Malmsbury to have had the conduct of the Danes at this time nor at any other unless it were some Parties of them and therefore the Relations of the Moderns are here to be suspected Hingnar and Hubba as most affirm arrived in great Numbers and form a great Army in the Kingdom of the East-angles where they wintered striking a League with the Inhabitants and Horsing themselves in those Parts roved up and down and almost wasted the whole Nation Saxon Annals A.D. 866. and so forward Asser de gestis Alfrid about the same years they first marched to York where they made their advantage upon the Civil Dissentions of the King and Nobility of Northumberland and became Masters of that Country from thence they march to Nottingham from thence into Lindsey in Lincolnshire from thence into Kesteven in the same County and from thence into Holland another part of it so into the Isle of Ely from thence into the Province or Kingdom of the East-angles and wintered at Thetford near unto which place Edmund King of the East-angles A. D. 870. Saxon Annals Edmund King of the East-Angles slain and his Country subdued assaying them with his whole Army was put to flight himself being slain and his whole Country subdued from hence the next year they marched to Cambridge thence toward the West-Saxons to Reading in Barkshire to Warham in Dorsetshire Basing in Hamshire c. Excester in Devonshire Ethelred A. D. 870. Their Marches and Progresses are variously described by divers Authors as Asser the Saxon Annals Ingulph Florentius Wigornensis Florilegy c. The opposition they met with the Battels Fought the Leaders Commanders and Places names also by them variously reported and the Saxon Annals themselves the Foundation and Basis of their Histories being very obscure they have yet rendered the Truth more difficult and obscure by their Additions and Inventions so that what to believe or reject will puzzle the most judicious Reader De gestis regum fol. 22. b. Saxon Annals A. D. 871. Ashdown Fight Oseg a Danish King and five Earls slain Monasteries destroyed Malmsbury says this King fought nine Battels with the Danes in one year with various Fortune yet in most he was Victor and that he killed them one King nine Earls and common People without number That the last Battel was at Ashdown where he and his Brother Alfrid put them to flight slew their King Oseg five Earls and a great number of People most certain it is wheresoever they came they laid all wast with Fire and Sword demolished Cities Towns Castles Churches and (o) As at this time the Monasteries of Croyland or Crowland Medeshamstede now Peterborough Ely and many others the reason may be for that they were very Rich in Money Jewels and Plate which might move the Danes to rifle and destroy them as much as their Enmity to the Christian Religion and indeed at their first arrival and plundering here they landed as near as they could to Monasteries and made it their business to destroy and sack them an instance of their great wealth may be the Abbey of Croyland which about 104 years after this Destruction of it it being rebuilt by Edred King of Great Britain A. D. 948. at the time of the Death of Abbat Turretul A. D. 975. in the sixteenth year of King Edgar the Treasure of the Monastery then brought forth before the Convent amounted to 10000 l. Monasteries they spared no Age Sex or Condition of People Priests Monks and Nuns they most horribly abused The Danish Cruelty and massacred more cruelly and readily than others and for this reason there is little of Church-Affairs left us in this Age Asser de gestis Alfr. fol. 7. A. D. 871. worn out with these Afflictions Ethelred died and was buried at Winburn in Dorsetshire (p) Aelfrid or Alfrid before he was King was Secundary to his Brothers whom he excelled in Wisdom Justice and Courage the Latin word is Secundarius which cannot here signifie the second Person in the Kingdom for that he was by Birth in Ethelred's Reign but he was not so in Ethelbert's time it must therefore signifie an Office and whether he was a Vice-gerent or an Assistant or a Minister of State I cannot determine perhaps he was all or at least the two last for it appears in Asser that all things were transacted according to his advice and direction Aelfrid fourth Son of Ethelwolph scarce fixed in his Throne when he encountred with the Danes at Wilton Aelfrid A. D. â—71 Beaten at Wilton Asser de gestis Alâ—r fol. 7.8 The Mercians make Peace with the Danes A. D. 873. Malmsb. de gest Reg. l. 2. c. 4. much his Superiors in force yet at first he worsted them who notwithstanding in the end obtained a great Victory from thence they marched to London where they wintered with whom the Mercians made Peace But here I shall follow the Method of Malmsbury who that he might not confound his Readers with the Stories of the Danish Rapines and Slaughters with their hurryings and swift removals from one part of the Nation to the other the Narratives whereof are as Irregular Tumultuous and fluttering as their Marches themselves he totally omits the particulars Aelfrid fights with various success De gest Aelfr fol. 9. Danes come over in great Numbers Aelfrid reduced to great streights Secures himself in the Fens Crowland Peterborough Ingulph Hist 497. a. The Charter in Ingulph bears that date and it is there said to be then built or about that time Ibid. 498. b. Ibid. 504. b. The Wealth of Croyland Abbey Ibid. fol. 7. Secundarius what he was wherein Aelfrid had the fortune of War
Ibid. c. 50. should have her Nose and Ears cut-off 5. That a Widdow marrying within twelve months after her Husbands Death should lose her joynture and Dowry Ibid. c. 71. Cnute not long before he died appointed his eldest Son Swane Hoveden 251. a A. D. 1035. Cnute dies and disposeth his Kingdoms to his Sons by his first Wife (y) By most Writers reported to have been a Concubine she was Daughter to a Mercian Noble-man who is said to have been Earl of Northampton Elgiva to be King of Norway and his second Son (z) Others say he was elected King Ingulph Hist 509. a. and some that he was King only of the North parts of England and Harde Cnute of the South parts Harold by the same Woman to be King of England and Harde-Cnute his Son by Emme King of Danemarke This year he died in November at Shaftsbury and was buried at Winchester Harold according to some being chosen King by the Danes and Londoners Harold Hunt 209. a. whilst Earl Godwin and the English would have had for their King one of the Sons of Ethelred or Harde-Cnute the Son of Cnute but their attempt was in vain Malms l. 2. c 12 not being equal either in number or force to the Abettors of Harold and therefore he injoyed the Crown which was given to him by his Father A. D. 1036. as it is said in Hoveden before-cited however he came to be so King he was and innocent Elfred Elfred and many Normans slain a younger Son of Emme by Ethelred coming out of Normandy to visit his Mother then being at Winchester Harold Harde-Cnute Danes A. D. 1036. as 't is storied was by Earl Godwin and others by order of Harold together with many Normans that came to accompany him slain his Mother Emme not thinking her self safe here much grieved for the death of her Son cruelly murthered Hoved. 251. Emme flies to Baldwin Earl of Flanders went to Baldwin Earl of Flanders who received her honourably and assigned Brugis for the place of her abode where she remained three years whither her Son Harde-Cnute came out of Danemarke to visit her Malmsb. ibid. Hunting ibid. Hoved. 251. b. Harold dies Ibid. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1040. in the mean while having done nothing memorable Harold dies at Oxford some say London and was buried at Westminster Florence of Worcester says they divided the Kingdom of England by Lot and that the North part fell to Harold and the South to Harde-Cnute who was rejected because he came not out of Danemarke when sent for so soon as was expected and therefore Harold was elected King over all England A. D. 1035 1037. fol. 622. Harde-Cnute both English and Danes make him their King After his death all the Nobility both Danes and English sent to Brugis to Harde-Cnute to come and be their King the Children of Ethelred being neglected and post-poned for the easiness and ill fortune of their Father he arrives with sixty Ships manned with Danes and was of all People received with great applause but during his short Reign did nothing worthy a King save that he treated his half Brother Edward and his Mother Emme who came to him out of Normandy He laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation Ibidem At which Worcestershire People tumult very kindly and honourably he laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation for the payment of eight Marks to every Rower and twelve Marks to every Officer in his Fleet this caused the People to tumult and at Worcester the Country People and Citizens killed two of his Domestick Servants which he sent to gather his Tax but he chastised them severely for that Fact for he sent thither Leofric Earl of Mercia Godwin Earl of West-Saxony Siward Earl of Northumberland Their City and Country is burnt and plundered Ib. A.D. 1042. He dies suddenly c. who plundered and burnt the City and wasted all the Country when he had reigned about two years he died suddenly while he was drinking at a Nuptial Feast at Lambeth where Osgod a great Danish Lord had married his Daughter to Prudan another Potent Dane Edward the Confessor A. D. 1043. His Descent Edward commonly called the Confessor the eldest Son of Ethelred by Emme and half Brother to Edmund Ironside Son also of Ethelred by a former Wife being in England at the death of his half Brother Harde-Cnute was in a great straight not knowing what to do and thinking to retire into Normandy [1.] Malms de Gest R. R. l. 2. c. 13. fol. 45. a. n. 10. He applies himself to Earl Godwin applied himself to Earl Godwin who gave him other advice minds him whose Son he was and what great probability there was of his being King and withall promiseth his assistance upon Conditions to be agreed on between them Edward urged by necessity promiseth to make good all he asked Then a Council being called at London Godwin being very eloquent and powerful in perswading so prevailed in this Assembly that by the consent of almost all present He is declared King he was made King and [2.] Hoveden 252. a. crowned at Winchester anointed by Edsi Archbishop of Canterbury and Alfric Archbishop of York in the presence of almost all the Bishops of England And not long after by advice of the Earls Leofric Godwin Edward the Confessor of the Saxon Race A. D. 1043. and Siward he seized and took from his Mother Emmâ— all her Gold Silver Jewels and Treasure The reason assigned is that she was very hard and sparing towards him in the time of his Exile he married the Daughter of Earl Godwin by name Edith or Edgith Hor. Worcest He takes away Jewels and Treasury from his Mother Emme He Marries Earl Godwin's Daughter Edgith Malms ut sup Her Beauty Learning and Modesty as he had promised She was no ways like her Father or Brothers but was very beautiful learned humble and modest [3.] Histor Croy. 509. a. n. 30.40 50. Edward much addicted to the French Modes and Customâ— Ibidem Ingulph reports he saw her often when he went to Court to see his Father who lived there and coming from School was often met by her and opposed solidly and smartly not only in Grammar but in Logick The same Historian there saith that though Edward was born in England yet having had his Education in Normandy he was almost become a French man and calling many from thence both Laies and Religious preferred them to great Offices and Dignities The chief amongst them were Robert a Monk whom he made first Bishop of London and then Archbishop of Canterbury and William his Chaplain whom he made Bishop of Dorchester with other Military men which he placed upon the Borders to defend them against the Welch Then the English under this King and the Normans which he brought in began to lay aside the English Rites and Customs and in many
Bachervill Bellomont or Beaumont c. de Vetulis wasting it with Fire and Sword whose Son Roger de Bello-monte or Beaumont encountred him with what Force he could raise He is overthrown and his two Sons killed routed his Forces and slew him and his two Sons Helbert and Elinantius [2.] Gul. Piâ—av f. 179. D. 180. A. B. After him (g) He was [4.] Gemet lib. 5. c. 13. Guy Earl of Vernon who Constantin le Contantin Son to Raynald Earl of Burgundy by Alice Daughter of Richard the Second Duke of Normandy Guy Earl of Vernon and Brion pretended to the Title of the Dukedom who with the assistance of Nigel Governor of Constantin or the Territory of (h) That part of Normandy is like a Peninsula being environed with the Sea West and North and bounded with the River Vire East [5.] Vales not Gaff fol. 156. Le Constantin or Contantin so called from the chief Town or City thereof Constance [6.] Ibidem fol. 73.4 le Bessin Baiocassin Le Bessin or Baiocassin so called from the chief City thereof Bayeux is that part of Normandy bounded with the Rivers Dive East and Vire West and with the Brittish Sea North. Constance Raynulph Viscount of Bayeux or Bessin and the greatest part of Normandy resolved to try it by his Sword and was overcome at Valoignes from whence he fled to Brion a strong Town Guy beaten where William besieged him and being almost starved he employed Mediators for Mercy which was granted Asks Pardon and recives it and the Duke being possessed of his Castle permitted him to remain in his Court and pardoned his Abettors and Followers These Clowds blown over William receives a greater Trouble from Galfrid [3.] Ibidem fol. 181. D. Martel Earl of Anjou who having subdued Tedbald Earl of Tours and taken that City from him and seised Poictou Ejecting Earl William usurped also Damfront and Alencon Galfrid Martel seizeth Damfront and Alencon They are retaken Ibidem fol. 182 183. Members of Normandy The Duke after having given him a Diversion by marching into Anjou besieges Alencon and takes it Martel being come very near to relieve it but hearing it was yielded struck with a sudden fear he fled with his Army and Damfront submitted to the Duke so soon as he came before it [4.] Ib. 184. B. After these (i) He [7.] Gul. Pictav fol 1. was Son to Richard the Second Duke of Normandy Brother to Richard the Third and Uncle to William William de Archis or Earl of (k) Now Arques near the Town of Diepe Arch not being forewarned or restrained by the Ruine of Guy or overthrow of Martel Arms against William fortifies and Mans his Castle of Arches against him [5.] Ib. 18. C. Henry King of France comes to his relief and his Army intercepted by Ambush to whose Relief Henry King of France came with a great Army William de Archis Arms against the Duke Fortifies his Castle which was intercepted by an Ambush the Earl of Ponthieu and many Men of Note killed and Hugo Bardulf taken Prisoner The King of France then considers what he had [6.] Ibid. D. His Castle is taken and Earl William taken into favour done repents he had abetted the Earl of Arche and marches back The Castle then reduced to miserable straights and the Defendents even starved supplicate to yield saving only their Lives which were granted and he did not only give his Uncle the favour of staying in his Country but also gave him large [7.] Ibidem 186. A. Ibidem Possessions and Rents using him more like a Friend than Enemy Many also Deserters in this juncture went over to the King of France whom the Duke received again into favour These [8.] Ibid. B. The King and Princes of France Confederate against William Successes raised envy in the minds of the King of France and the other Princes of that Nation with suspicion of his Greatness the Roman Emperor assisting and being in League with him so that Tedbald Earl of Tours the Earl of Poictou Galfrid Martell Earl of Anjou and the whole Powers of Burgundy Avergn Aquitain and Gascoign Confederate with the King against him and raised two mighty Armies designing to destroy his whole Country whereof one under the Command of Odo the Kings Brother and his most familiar Friend Rainold entred the Country of Caux the other Commanded by the King himself enters the East part of Normandy and proceeds towards Eurux and Roan They are beaten and fly The Duke likewise divided his Army the better to encounter his Enemies into two parts and Heads that himself which opposed the King [9.] Ib. 187. B. the other under the Command of (l) [8.] Ib. 195. Gemet c. 20. He was Son or Grandchild to William Earl of Ou who was Natural Son of Richard the First Duke of Normandy and was made Earl of Ou by Richard the Second his half Brother by the Mother side Robert Earl of Ou or Ewe Hugh Gornay * [9.] Ib. lib. 8. c. 37. He was Son of Thurstan de Bastenburgh Hugh Montfort Walter Giffard * The same with William Fitz-Osbern the Son of Osbern Crispin or Crepon William Crispin and other valiant Officers suddenly set upon the Army at Mortimer in Caux Apud mare mortuum put them to flight and took many Prisoners * The King hearing of this Victory fled also in great haste out of Normandy * and concluded a Peace upon these Conditions Ibidem c. That the Prisoners taken in the Battle should be delivered to the King and that by his Consent and Gift the Duke should for ever enjoy as his own whatsoever he had or could take from Geoffry Martel Earl of Anjou Ibidem And he presently directs his chief Commanders to build a Fortress at Hambrieres in Anjou which [1.] Ibidem 188. A. Martel by the help of William Earl of Poictou and Eudo Earl of Brittaine besieged and assaulted but so soon as William approached to relieve it they fled Soon after the [9.] Guil. Pict 1â—8 B.C. The King of France and Martel enter Normandy again King of France breaking the Peace entred Normandy again with a great Army to whom Geoffry Martel joyns what Forces he could raise and by quick Marches came through the Country now called [1.] Per Oximâ—nsem Comitatum Hyesmes to the River Dive destroying all that Country with Fire and Sword to the Sea Coast none resisting none pursuing them but while they were passing that River the King with part of the Army being over the Duke comes suddenly upon them with a flying Army and cuts off almost all those which were on that side the River towards him They are beaten and fly or forceth them into it and drowns them the King looking on but not able to help them who with the Earl of Anjou in all speed fled once more out of
the Enemies of the Church sent Ambassadors to Philip King of France and called to him Geofrey Martell Earl of Anjou and Manfully Chastised the Enemies of the Church In the year 1106 in the [8.] Ibid. fol. 818. C. D. He attempts the Conquest of Normandy Spring King Henry went again into Normandy with design to take it from his Brother Robert and having Hired Elias Earl of Main and his Forces besieged the City Bayeux of which Gunter Dauney was Governor he went out to the King and delivered to him Robert Fitz-Haymon whom he had taken Prisoner some time before but would not deliver the City He burns the City of Bayeux forthwith the King attempts fires and burns it to the ground took the Governor and Garison Prisoners The Governors of other places were much affrighted at the destruction of this City and the People of Caen the King marching to them Caen yields to him sent to him and yielded upon Summons expelling Engeran Fitz-Ilbert their Governor For this Service the King gave to four of the chief Citizens Dalington in England worth Fourscore Pounds per Annum From hence he proceeds to Falais but had not the same success Falais beats off his Army having been beaten off by the Garison In the mean time [9.] Malms f. 88. b. n. 40 50. William Earl of Mortain demands the Earldom of Kent William Earl of Mortaigne Son of Robert the Kings Uncle not content with two Earldoms that in Normandy and Cornwall in England demanded of the King the Earldom of Kent which his Uncle Odo sometime held who not only refused what he asked but by Judicial Proceeding took from him what he held The King takes from him the Earldom of Cornwall without right For this being in great fury with the King he went into Normandy [1.] Ib f. 89. a. n. 10. He joyned himself to the Duke and Robert de Belism and joyned himself to the Dukes Party and with Robert de Belism and others firmly adhered to him and with Fire and Sword prosecuted King Henry's Friends for which he took away from him all he had in England and levell'd his Castles with the Ground [2.] Ord. Vit. f. 819. D. 820. A. B. The King streightens Tenerchebray And a while after gathered some Forces together in Normandy built a Fort near his Town of Tenerchebray now Tinchebray and put a Garison into it with intention so to streighten it as to make it yield Notwithstanding William being a stout young Man with some Companies of Soldiers relieved it at which the King was much angry and calling together his Army laid Siege to the Town whereupon Earl William sollicited the Duke Robert de Belism The Duke c. endeavours to relieve it and other his Friends for Assistance to raise it and he obtained it There were with the Duke besides these two great Earls Robert de Stoteville William de Ferrariis and many others with their Forces The King had with him Elias Earl of Main William Earl of Eureux Robert Earl of Mellent William Earl of Warren and these great Barons Ranulph of Bayeux Ralph de â—onches Robert de Monteforti and Robert de Grentmaisnil and many others with their Clients There were more Knights or Horsemen on the Kings Party and most Foot on the Dukes Before this place they came to a Battle The Battle of Tenerchebray The Dukes Army routed wherein the Dukes Army was routed The particulars of which Victory will appear in King Henry's Letter to Arch-Bishop Anselm which will be presently mentioned The disagreement in Chronology between the English and Norman Monks As to the certainty of the time of these Transactions neither the English or Norman Monks do exactly agree one with another but certain it is that King Henry plied between England and Normandy according to the exigency of Affairs [3.] F. 80. â—in 1. Eadmer reports that he was in Normandy in the year 1104. and almost subdued all of it the People having a mean Esteem of his Brother and that almost all the great Normans presently upon his coming despising their Lord the Duke quitting their Faith they ought him ran after the Kings Gold and Silver and delivered him Cities Castles and Towns [4.] Ibid. fol. 83. n. 20 30. But not being at that time able to Conquer the whole Dukedom he returned into England that he might furnish himself with Money sufficient to subdue what remained under the power of his Brother King Henry used strange ways for raising Money and so totally disinherit him In the Collection of this Money new ways and strange Exactions were used new and unheard of Forfeitures were invented which reduced the People to great Misery not daring to plead against the King and such as would or could not pay were imprisoned and tortured [5.] Ibidem fol. 84. lin 3 4. n. 20. These Exactions fell hard upon the Clergy by which he lost their good opinion and brought an odium upon [6.] Fol. 85. n. 10. himself He observing these things hastned his Reconciliation with Anselm who coming into [7.] Ibid. fol. 89. n. 40. f. 90. n. 10. King Henry gives Anselm an Account of his Victory of Tenerchebray England the King wrote to him a Letter of his Victory at Tenerchebray in which he tells him that Robert Earl of Normandy with all his Troops of Horse and Foot that he could either by Intreaty or Money get together at an appointed time fought sharply with him before Tenerchebray That he had beaten him with small loss on his side and that Divine Mercy had given into his hands the Duke of Normandy The Particulars of that Victory Vsque ad 400 Milites 10 Millia peditum and Earl of Mortain William Crispin William Ferrers Robert Stotevile the elder and others to the number of 400 Knights or Horsemen and Ten thousand Foot together with Normandy it self [8.] Ibid. fol. 90. n. 20 30. Robert Duke of Normandy sent Prisoner into England Many ascribed the obtaining of this Victory to the Peace he made with Anselm after which having settled his Affairs there sending before him the Duke and Earl of Mortain in safe Custody he returned into England a while after [9.] Malms f. 89. a. n. 30. This Battle was fought the day before Michaelmass-day In the [1.] Ord. Vit. f. 822. A. A great Council called in Normandy middle of October the King came to Lisieux Convened all the Optimates or Chief Men of Normandy and held a most profitable Council for the Church of God wherein he Decreed by Royal Sanction That there should be firm Peace kept throughout all the parts of Normandy That all Rapacities Robberies and forcible Entries and Warlike Invasions upon Estates being suppressed all Churches might enjoy their Possessions as they did the day his Father died and that other Lawful Heirs might possess theirs He took into his own possession all his
says That the King by Edict commanded a meeting of the Bishops Abbats and Principes or chief Men of the Kingdom at Salisbury on the Twentieth of March that he might make his Son William Heir of the Kingdom and secure the Title to him The Princes or Chief Laymen knowing the Kings mind readily did Homage and Swear Fealty to him The Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and other Bishops and Abbats Swore That if he should out-live his Father they would laying aside all claims whatsoever put him in possession of the Crown and Kingdom and that when he should be King they would faithfully do him Homage Malmsbury [2.] F. 93. a. n. 30 40. All the Military Tenents in England compelled to do Homage to Prince William declareth this Transaction more fully affirming That all the Freemen of England and Normandy of whatsoever Order or Dignity or to what Lord soever they were Vassals or Tenents were compelled to do Homage and Swear Fealty to William the Son of King Henry and Queen Maude She died the [3.] Ord. fol. 843. B. Anno Domini 1118. First of May and was buried at Westminster and on the Ninth of June following died [4.] Ibidem Robert Earl of Mellent King Henry's great Counsellor It is said before that Almeric de Monteforti was Sisters Son and Heir to William Earl of Eureux who now again demands [5.] Ibid. C. A new War in Normandy many Noblemen Conspire to set up William Son to Duke Robert of the King that Earldom which he utterly denied to grant him by the Advice of Audin Bishop of that City He therefore took Arms against the King and excited almost all France to do the like The Governor of Eureux William Pointel delivered the City to him and the Bishop with his Clerks and Vassals were forced to flee from thence There joyned with him Robert de Gournay Stephen Earl of Albamarle Eustachius of Breteul Richard de Aquila Robert de Newburgh and many others who rose up against Henry and endeavoured to Establish William the Son of Duke Robert in his Fathers Estate [6.] Ibid. D. With these also joyned Baldwin Earl of Flanders who entred that part of Normandy called Tellau and burnt many Towns of whose Flames the King and his Normans were Spectators he fortified Bures and because he suspected most of the Normans he put a great Garison of Stipendiary Britans and English into it Baldwin comes before it provokes the Garison to fight where he was wounded and some time after died of his Wounds and without Issue They [7.] Ib. f. 844. D. 845. C. received likewise Assistance from the King of France and Duke of Anjou on both sides they plundered the Country took and burnt Castles and Towns On the Nones [8.] Ibid. fol. 846. B. C. A great Council at Rouen or Fifth of October there was a Council summoned at Rouen there King Henry Treated of the Peace of the Kingdom with Ralph Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and the other Barons he had called together There Geofry Arch-Bishop of Rouen spake about the State of the Church with his four Suffragan Bishops Richard of Baieux John of Lisieux Turgis of Auranches and Roger of Constance and with many Abbats Serlo Bishop of Seez was not at this Council being excused by reason of his Age and Infirmity and Audin Bishop of Eureux excused himself as being employed against the Common Enemies of the Country The War still continued in [9.] Ibid. fol. 848. B. C. The War continues in Normandy Normandy and every day almost brought the King news of some considerable Norman or Castellan revolting from him amongst whom Eustachius de Breteul an Illegitimate Son of William Earl of that place was one who had Married Julian one of King Henry's Natural Daughters he demanded great things of his Father in Law and because he would not grant them he fortified four Castles against him [1.] Ibid. fol. 850. A. Anno Domini 1119. Yet some repenting of what they had done came and submitted to the King and made their Peace with him The first was Robert Son of Ascelin Goell whose example many followed The King sent to Almaric offered him his Earldom of Eureux and invited him to accept of his favour but he refused it [2.] Ibid. fol. 851. A. The Adherents to King Henry were English Barons of Norman Extraction The Optimates or great Men which faithfully adhered to the King were Richard Earl of Chester Ralph de Conches William de Warrenna William de Rolmara William de Tancardi-villa Ralph de Sancto Victore Walter Giffart Nigell de Albiney and his Brother William and the Sons of Robert Earl of Mellent Waleran and Robert In the Month of [3.] Ibid. B. Peace concluded Prince William Marries the Earl of Anjou's Daughter May this year Prince William came from England into Normandy much to the joy of his Father who sent Mediators for Peace to Fulke Earl of Anjou and invited him kindly to his Court after the Peace was concluded between them And in the Month of June [4.] Ibid. C. the Prince was Married at Lisieux to the Earls Daughter and then the King by the Mediation of the Earl received into favour William Talvace the Son of Robert de Belism and restored to him all his Fathers Estate in Normandy After this [5.] Ibid. D. King Henry burns the Towns and Castles of his Enemies Henry marched up and down Normandy to revenge himself upon his Enemies and burnt their Castles and Towns He besieged Eureux and after he had [6.] Ibid. fol. 852. B. C. burnt that Town and the Cathedral took it While both Fire and Sword raged in the bowels of Normandy the King of France invaded it [7.] Ibid. fol. 853. C. The King of France invades Normandy on that side toward France and came as far as Audely upon the River Seyn and wished he could meet the King of England in the open Field who hearing of it gave him his desire and marching towards him came into the Plain of [8.] Ibid. fol. 854. A. The Battle of Brenivill Brenivill near the Mountain Guarclive with 500 Horse amongst whom were the Kings two Natural Sons Robert and Richard excellent Soldiers and three Earls Henry of Ou William de Warrenna and Walter Giffard and many others of great Note Edward of Salisbury carried the Banner [9.] Ibidem B. C. D. Lewis of France seeing what he had long wished for drew out 400 Horse and amongst them was William Duke Roberts Son engaged that he might deliver his Father from Prison and recover his ancient Inheritance There were also Matthew Earl of Beaumont Guido Earl of Clarmont Otmond de Chaumont William de Guarlanda General of France Peter de Manley Philip de Mont-Bray Burchard de Montmorency Baldric de Bray William Crispin The French are beaten and many other Normans They joyn Battle the French are beaten and lose 140 Horse Guido Otmund Burchard and
Comitis Radulfi Ralph's Father was Walter de Mâ—dunta now Mant in or near Normandy who Married Goda King Edwards Sister and was a Norman or Frenchman This John Fitz-Harold had the Seat of his Barony at Ludley Castle in Gloucestershire from whence he was sometimes called John de Ludleagh John Fitz-Harold who had deserted the King and gone over to the Earl There he stayed two days Sis Soldiers Rapine and rendred Evil for Evil bringing many Men with their Goods and live Cattle to Worcester Not long after the King came from Oxford to Worcester with a great Army and saw what had been reported concerning the destruction of it From thence he went to Oxford again and from thence to Salisbury where he kept his Christmass After that Solemnity he came to [4.] Ibidem f. 674. An. Dom. 1140. Reding and there lay a while and Recruited his Army and marched toward the Isle of Ely the Bishop whereof he always suspected there he found some Resistance but the Bishop seeing he could not defend it against the force of the Army fled to Gloucester to the Earl The Isle of Ely taken by King Stephen The King placed a Garison in the Isle and returned to Worcester with the Earl thereof and a very great Army with which he went to reduce Hereford In the mean while he remained before that place * See all these Practises affirmed by William of Malmsbury f. 105. a. n. 10 20. The Earl of Worcesters further Revenge he burns Tewksbury and returns to Worcester with great Spoils the Earl mindful of the Injuries his Citizens had received with a great Multitude of Armed Men set upon Tewksbury and burnt the Magnificent House of Robert Earl of Gloucester and all things round about with the Houses of others and their Goods within a Mile of that City He spared only the Goods of the Church of Tewksbury being overcome with the importunity of the Abbat and Friers The Spoils taken were great as well of Men as of Goods and Beasts but after a while such as were led Captive were unbound and had liberty to go home The Earl the next day when he returned to Worcester protested to all Men That he neither in Normandy or England had burnt more Places and Houses at one time This was the way in Normandy and from thence brought hither This way of Burning and Rapine brought out of Normandy The manner how the Normans executed their private Revenges one upon another If any Earl or great Man found himself aggrieved by another injur'd or highly affronted they frequently got together all their Men at Arms or Knights that held of them their other Tenents and poor Dependents and as much Assistance from their Friends and Confederates as they could and burnt one anothers Castles or Houses destroyed their Lands and small Territories and carried away the Inhabitants Prisoners These were private Hostilities and Revenges between Man and Man but if there was a Title in the Case and siding one for one Pretender another for another they invaded one another after this manner with more assurance and confidence under the Notion of a Publick War and asserting the Right of that side they struck in withall and were almost constantly encouraged rather than checked by the Pretender The Norman Histories abound with these Stories See Ordericus Vitalis in the Lives of Rufus Henry the First and this King Stephen especially wherein these inhumane Ravages were as frequent and more barbarous than in England for many years until Geofry Duke of Anjou obtained Normandy which was the Inheritance of his Wife Maud the Empress as well as the Crown of England The Readers may wonder what they did with their Prisoners and Captives This Author The Continuer of Flor. of Worcester [7.] F. 672. will resolve them The Soldiers sold their Prisoners and put them to Ransom Militibus in stipendium dantur venduntur vicorum villarum Cultores atque habitatores cum rebus suis universis ac substantiis Such as Manured and Cultivated Towns and Villages and the Inhabitants thereof were given to the Soldiers as their Wages and were sold with their Goods and Substance In this Kings Reign there were in England [8.] Camden Britan. f. 199 200. so many Tyrants as there were Lords of Castles every one pretending to Coyn Money and to exercise the Rights of Majesty The King had with him very many Flemmings and Britains who were accustomed to live by Plundring that came to England in expectation of great Booty Presently after [9.] Malmsb. f. 105. b. n. 10 20. A Treaty of Peace propounded by the Legat. Whitsunday this year by the Mediation of the Legat there was a Treaty of Peace in a Plain near Bath The Commissioners for the Empress were Robert Earl of Gloucester and others for the King his Brother the Legat the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Theobald and the Queen The Empress was inclinable to Peace but the King by the Advise of those about him averse to it so as this Treaty soon ended without effect [1.] Ibidem It ended without success Toward the later end of September the Legat went over into France to Confer with the King and Theobald Earl of Blois King Stephens elder Brother about the Differences in England and how they might be Composed Proposals offered to them by the Legat the Empress accepts the King refuseth them He returned about the end of November and brought with him such Proposals for Peace as the Empress and Earl assented to but the King delayed his Answer from day to day and at last refused them In the [2.] Ord. Vit. f. 921. A. B. year 1141. according to [3.] F. 105. a. n. 30. An. Do. 1141 1142. Lincoln Castle surprized by the Earl of Chester Malmsbury 1142. Ranulph Earl of Chester who had Married the Daughter of Earl Robert and his Brother by the Mother William de Rolmara or Raumara surprized the Castle of Lincoln The Citizens who much favoured the King sent to let him know that both the Earls were very secure in the Castle and thought not of his coming that they might easily be taken and that they would assist him in taking of them The King besieged it The King makes haste and invests the Castle in Christmass-Holidays The Citizens hearing of his coming seized seventeen Men at Arms that were out of the Castle in the City and made them Prisoners The Earl of Chester makes his escape and sollicites Assistance from the Empress and Earl of Gloucester The Earl of Chester in the Night gets out of the Castle goes into his own Country to raise Friends there and Welsh He further applied himself to his Father in Law being very sollicitous for the safety of his Brother and both their Wives which he left in the Castle and to the Empress promising her all future fidelity and begged their Assistance The Earl of [4.] Ord. Vit. f.
921. C. D. f. 922. A. B. The Earl of Chester obtains Assistance Gloucester takes hold of the occasion joyns the Forces he had and others he immediately raised with those of his Son in Law and marched toward Lincoln Upon his approach the King marched towards him in Battalia his Army consisting of a Main Body and two Wings He Commanded the Main Body himself one of the Wings consisted of Flemmings which William de Ipre Commanded and of Britains which Earl Alan Commanded The other was Commanded by Waleran Earl of Mellent There were also in this Army William de Warenna Gilbert de Clare and Balduin Fitz-Vrse Engelran Saye and Ilbert Lacy. The Battle of Lincoln The Earls Army was drawn up in the same manner Robert Earl of Gloucestâ—r led on the Main Body the Earl of Chester one Wing aâ— the two Brothers Mariadoc and Kalader the Welsh which made the other Wing The Welsh charged the Flemmings and Britains and soon routed them The Kings Army routed The Earl of Chester charged the Earl of Mellent who fled presently King Stephen shewed his Personal Courage in this Battle His Personal Courage He is taken Prisoner he fought bravely and stoutly against the Earl of Gloucester until he was deserted by all his Horse when he yielded himself to him Baldwin de Clare Richard Fitz-Vrse Engelran de Saia and Ilbert Lacy staid by the King and fought valiantly so long as they were able The City plundered and many Citizens killed After the Battle the Earls Army miserably wasted the City and requited the Citizens for their kindness to King Stephen by killing very many of them The [5.] Malms f. 106. a. n. 40. He is Imprisoned at Gloucester and put in Irons Earl presented the King to his Sister then at Gloucester from whence for more security he was carried to Bristol where he was Honourably used until by the instigation of some who affirmed that he had been several times out of the places appointed for his safe Custody especially in the night by the Connivance of his Keepers and therefore was put in Irons The Empress and Earl [6.] Ib. n. 50. b. n. 10 20. with great importunity by Messengers moved the Legat that she might be received to the Government as the Daughter of King Henry to whom all England and Normandy had sworn Fidelity A Treaty between the Empress and Legat in an open Plain Her Oath to him On the third Sunday in Lent they came to a Conference in an open Plain by Winchester The Queen swore to the Bishop he should Order and Direct all the great Business in England and should dispose of all Bishopricks and Abbies if he would keep perpetual Fidelity to her and with Holy Church receive her as Queen The Earl of Gloucester Brian Fitz-Count * Marchâ—o de Walingford He was Constable of Walingford Castle The Legat acknowledged her Queen His Oath to her Marquess of Wallingford and Milo of Gloucester afterwards Earl of Hereford and some others did together with her swear the same things The Bishop then acknowledged her Queen of England and some of his Friends with him made Oath to her That so long as she should make good what she had promised him he should be faithful to her The next day she was received into the City of Winchester and the Cathedral with a Noble Procession The Legat led her into the Church by the Right Hand and the Bishop of St. Davids by the left There were many Bishops Abbats Barons and Knights present [7.] Contin â—lor Worcest f. 676. The Legat Cursed those which Cursed her and Blessed those which Blessed her Those which were Obedient to her Commands he Absolved such as were not he Excommunicated From Winchester she went with the Court to Wilton where came to her Theobald the Arch-Bishop and made his Recognition of her as Queen Here she kept her Easter and there was a mighty affluence of People On the Ninth of [8.] Malms ut supra n. 30 40 50. f. 106. a. lin 1. c. The Monk of Malmsbury says he was present in this Council and gave great attention to what was done April there was a Council of all the Bishops of England and many Abbats at Winchester in which the Legat presided notwithstanding the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury was there The Legat had private Conference with the Bishops apart with the Abbats apart and with the Arch-Deacons apart The next day he makes a Speech to them all Setting forth the cause of their meeting was to Consult of the Peace of the Country tells them of the flourishing estate of the Kingdom The Legats Speech to the Bishops in the Reign of King Henry That many years before his death he had received an Oath of England and Normandy for the Succession of his Daughter and her Issue That she being in Normandy at the time of his death delayed to come into England for the Peace of the Country his Brother was permitted to Reign He says further That though he made himself a Pledge between God and him that he should Honour and Exalt Holy Church maintain the good Laws He accuseth his Brother King Stephen of many Crimes and abrogate the Evil yet it grieved him to remember and he was ashamed to speak how he had behaved himself in the Kingdom the Peace of it was destroyed and no Punishment inflicted upon Evil Doers Bishops were imprisoned and forced to deliver up their Possessions Abbies were sold and Churches robbed The Counsel of ill Men took place and the Advice of good Men was despised That he had Convented him before a Council of Bishops and got nothing but hatred for it He ought indeed to love his Mortal Brother but much more the Cause of his Immortal Father and therefore seeing God had exercised his Judgment upon him to let him fall into the hands of powerful Men lest the Kingdom might be ruined for want of a Governor He declares the power of Electing Kings to be in the Clergy I have called you all hither by my Legantine Power yesterday the Cause was propounded in private to the greatest part of the Clergy of England to whom of right it belongs to Elect and Ordain a King and therefore after having as is meet invoked the Divine Assistance They elect Maud the Empress Queen we Elect Maud the Daughter of the Peaceable Glorious Rich and in our time incomparable King Queen of England and to her we promise our Faith and Defence of her Person and Government All that were [9.] Ibidem n. 10. present either assented to what he said or by their silence seemed not to contradict it The Legat adds We have summoned the Londoners The Londoners present in this Council who in respect of the greatness of their City may be compared with the great Men of England and sent them a safe Conduct and that he hoped they would not stay beyond the next day
Oxford where his Sister had then fixed her Residence without success She by her Brothers Relation finding the Legat had no kindness for or inclination to her Cause marched to [5.] Ib. n 30 40 50. Cont. of Flor. ut sup She marcheth with an Army to Winchester Ego me parabo The principal Adherents to the Empress The Bishop of Winchester and Legat sends for the Londoners Winchester blocked up and fired Winchester with such an Army as she could get together and was without difficulty received into the Royal Castle there and sent for the Bishop to come to her without delay He thinking it not safe eluded the Messengers with an ambiguous Answer That he would prepare himself And immediately sent for all he knew favoured King Stephen Most of the Earls of England came to him who were young light Men such as the King advanced With the Empress were David King of Scots Robert Earl of Gloucester Milo then of Hereford and a few Barons Ranulph Earl of Chester came slowly towards her and to no purpose as it appeared in the Issue The Legat had likewise sent to the Londoners who came in great numbers and by their assistance the City was blocked up all Passages to it being so guarded that Victuals and Necessaries could not be brought into it without difficulty and danger While they were thus streightned without Fire was thrown from the Bishops Tower upon the Citizens Houses because they were more inclined to the Empress than to him This Fire took hold of a Nunnery within the City and burnt it down and of the Abby called Hide without the City and burnt that down William of Ipre burnt also the Nunnery of Warwell which was six Miles from Winchester The City being thus as it were besieged [6.] Malmsb. f. 108. a. n. 10 20 30. Earl Robert sends the Empress from Winchester He is taken Prisoner the Earl prepared for their departure and sent his Sister before with the greatest part of the Army and best Troops Marching in great order he followed some time after with a few but such as feared not many The Earls immediately follow him and while he thought it a dishonour to â—ly he was set upon by all of them and taken The rest the Noblemen especially with great speed kept on their Journey and escaped to the Castle of Devises So they left Winchester on the day of the Exaltation of Holy Cross Septemb. 14. having come thither some few days before the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin August 15. His firmness to his Sisters Cause The Earl was sent Prisoner to Rochester and attaqued both by large Promises Persuasion and Threats to leave his Sisters Cause but nothing * Malmsb. f. 109. a. b. The King and Earl exchanged upon equal Terms could prevail with him to desert her At last the King and he were Released and Exchanged upon even Terms and left to pursue their several Interests Several Propositions for both their Liberties had been made and discoursed of from the day the Earl was taken until All-Saints at which time the Exchange was agreed to on both sides After they were free the King came to Winchester and the Earl went to his Sister at Oxford the place of her constant Residence The Legat proceeds in his Design to ruine the Empress Anno Domini 1142 or 1143. and by his Legantine Power [7.] Ibid. f. 108. a. n. 30. The Legats Design to ruine the Empress calls a Council to meet eight days after St. Andrew at Westminster The Popes Letters to him are openly read in which he is blamed that he did not more strenuously endeavour to release his Brother and exhorted to use all Power both Ecclesiastical and Secular to do it The King [8.] Ibidem n. 40 50. King Stephen makes his Complaints in that Council The Legat gives his Reasons why he received the Empress came into the Council and complained that his Vassals or Feudataries to whom he had never denied Justice had imprisoned and reproachfully used him to his great Affliction The Legat by his Rhetoric endeavours to free his Invidious Actions from Censure pretending he received the Empress by Compulsion and Necessity not with Favour or good Will for presently after the Kings Army was routed when the Lords either fled or expected what would be the event of things she with her Assistants came to Winchester and what Bargain she made there or Promises to preserve the Rights of the Church she obstinately broke them all Besides he said That she and her Friends had contrived not only to deprive him of his Dignity but his Life but God in his Mercy had beyond her hope so ordered things He Deposeth the Empress as far as he can King Stephen's Title He Excommunicates all Favourers of the Empress that he escaped Destruction and his Brother was freed from his Bonds and therefore Commanded them on the behalf of God and the Pope that they should aid the King with their utmost Power who was Anointed by the Will of the People and Assent of the Apostolick See and to Excommunicate all Perturbers of the Peace that favoured the Dutchess of Anjou The Historian says he was not present in this Council and therefore [9.] Ibidem lin 37. could not say so exactly what was done in it as in the former but he thought the Legats words [1.] Ibid. b. lin 1. c. The Legats Speech in that Council not received by all though by silence allowed The Empress defended by a Laick were not grateful to all the Clergy yet none contradicted and all for fear or Reverence kept silent only one Lay-Messenger from the Empress forbad the Legat to act any thing in that Council contrary to her Honour by the Faith he had engaged to her That he had given his Faith to the Empress not to assist his Brother That she came into England by his invitation That she had taken the King and kept him Prisoner was by his Connivance This the Messenger said and much more with great Briskness but could not move the Legat to Anger or to make Answer From the time of this Council until [2.] Ibidem f. 109. b. n. 10 20 30. An. Do. 1143. The Empress holds a Council at Devises Lent both Parties were quiet but then the King began to move and the Empress likewise and came to the Devises and held a Council there in which it was Resolved she should send for her Husband the Duke of Anjou She is advised to send to the Duke of Anjou her Husband Messengers go for him to help her to recover the Inheritance of her and her Children which Resolution was forthwith spread among the People and Honourable Persons sent for him About Easter the King fell sick at Northampton and so continued until after Whitsunday The Messengers return from Anjou and deliver what they brought back to the Empress in a second Council holden at the Devises which was
Salisbury that favoured the Empress he raised all the Force he could and upon the first day of July in the Evening came thither and set fire on the Town where the Kings Soldiers lay which put the King into such a fright who then was in the Nunnery that he left his Plate and other Goods behind him and by the benefit of a dark Night hardly escaped with his Brother Henry Bishop of Winchester The Earls Soldiers killed many of the Kings and took many amongst them [2.] Gervas ut supra Col. 359. lin 1. c. William Martel taken Prisoner his Ransom William Martel for whose Redemption there were given 300 Marks and the Castle of Sherborn Not many days after [3.] Ib. n. 10. Milo Earl of Hereford dies An. Do. 1144. Milo Earl of Hereford one of the chief Counsellors most faithful Friends and greatest Supporters of the Empress died to her great Grief and Misfortune The next year King Stephen seized upon Geofry de Magna villa in his Court at St. Albans and kept him Prisoner [4.] Ibid. Col. 360. n. 10 Hen. Hunt ut supr n. 40. King Stephen seiseth Geofrey de Magna villa he gives up the Tower of London his Castles of Walden and Plessetâ— King Stephen besiegeth Lincoln and is baffled until he delivered up to the King the Tower of London his Castles of Walden and Plessets and not long after was slain first having given the King much trouble and Plundered Ramsey Abby After this the King again besieged the Castle of Lincoln where the Earl of Chester destroyed eighty of his [5.] Ib. n. 50. Workmen and Engineers so as he was forced to depart having done nothing From thence he gathered a great Force and marched to [6.] Ibidem b. n. â—0 Anno Domini 1145. The Earl of Gloucester worsted at Faringdon King Stephen besiegeth Walingford Castle Faringdon where the Earl of Gloucester was erecting a strong Fortress or Castle where they fought or rather skirmished and much Blood having been spilt the Earl was forced from his Enterprise From thence he came and besieged Walingford Castle against which when he saw he was not likely to prevail by Force or Art he built a Castle called [7.] Ibidem n. 30 40. Gervas Doroâ— col 1361. n. 10 20. He built Craumerse Castle against it The Earl of Chester makes his Peace he is made Prisoner and delivers Lincoln Castle Anno Domini 1146 1147. Craumersh and placed a Garison to keep in and hinder the Excursions of the Garison of Walingford Hither came to the King Ranulph Earl of Chester and made his Peace and added to his Forces a considerable Strength A while after he came to the Kings Court at Northampton where he was taken and kept in Prison until he had delivered to the King the Castle of Lincoln in which City he kept a most splendid Christmass Geofrey Earl of Anjou having subdued and [8.] The Earl of Anjou sends for his Son Henry Robert Earl of Gloucest dies settled Normandy and Anjou in Peace had a great desire to see his Son Henry and sent three Noblemen with a Guard for him to Earl Robert who Conducted him safely to Warham where he took Ship and afterwards never saw him for the Earl fell sick of a Fever at Gloucester of which he died on the First of November and was buried at Bristol in the Monastery he built there After his Death the [9.] Ibid. Col. 1363. lin 1. The Empress goes into Normandy to her Husband Empress wearied out with these Commotions and Wars in England before Lent passed over into Normandy choosing rather to live there with her Husband in Peace than undergo so many Troubles In the year 1149. Henry the Son of the [1.] Ibid. Col. 1366. n. 30 40. An. Do. 1149. Henry the Son of the Empress comes into England Empress Cum grandi Comitatu militum Electorum peditum rediit in Angliam returned into England with a great Company of choice Knights or Horsemen and Foot and stirred up the Thoughts and Courage of many against King Stephen for after the Deaths of Robert and Milo Earls of Gloucester and Hereford and the Empress having passed the Sea none could move the Noblemen against King Stephen but the true Heir to the Crown After his Appearance in England he took with him Ranulph Earl of Chester and Roger Earl of Hereford and some others He is Knighted by David King of Scotland his Great Uncle besides those he brought with him out of Normandy and went to David King of Scotland his Great Uncle who received him with great Joy and Honour and in the Solemnity of Pentecost Knighted him and some others This raised [2.] Ibidem n. 60. Col. 1367. lin 1. David King of Scots comes to Carlisle great Suspicion in King Stephen and his Son Eustachius for when the King of Scots with his Forces and his Nephew with the * So called in respect of the East parts of Scotland The two Kings of England and Scotland retreat one from another Western Barons of England were united in the foresaid Solemnity King Stephen came to York with a great Army lest they should surprize that City and stayed there unto the end of August but both the Kings one at Carlisle the other at York were afraid of one another and so of their own accords they retreated Stephen towards Lincoln and David toward Scotland but Eustachius Son of Stephen now also Knighted by his Father made great havock and spoil upon the Lands belonging to the Earls and Barons which favoured Henry [3.] Ibid. Col. 1367. n. 30. An. Do. 1150. These old Historians begin the year at Christmass Henry receives the Dukedom of Normandy who in the beginning of January in the year following sailed into Normandy and with his Fathers good liking received that Dukedom [4.] Chron. Norm f. 984. B. C. D. The King of France takes offence at it They are reconciled Geofrey Earl of Anjou Henry's Father dies as his Inheritance by his Mother At which the King of France took offence raised an Army and with Eustachius in his Company invaded Normandy and besieged the Castle of Arches Earl Geofry and his Son prepare to oppose him in the mean time he burnt the City of Sees and when the Father and Son had drawn together a great Army and Marshalled their Troops by the Mediation of Wise Men the King received the Homage of Henry for the Dukedom of Normandy and one Gerrard Berlas Lord of the Castle of Monstreul out of Prison and so rested satisfied Being thus in quiet Duke Henry intended to call together all his great Men of Normandy on the Fourteenth day of September at Lisieux to Treat and Consult about his Voyage into England in the interim his Father labouring under a great Fever died on the Seventh of the same Month and left him Lord and Heir of Normandy and Anjou Within less then half a year
in the mean time gave him three Castles for his support Chinon Mirabell and Lodun and because his Son Henry was then absent he adjured all the Bishops and Noblemen present That his Body should not be buried until he had Sworn he would not violate his Will The Father being dead the Son comes to his Interment and being told by the Noblemen what Charge his Father left with them he long considered what he had to do At length all cried out it would be a perpetual Disgrace to him to suffer his Fathers Body to remain unburied with great Reluctancy he took the Oath But when he was fully possessed of the Kingdom of England he procured from Pope Adrian an Englishman [4.] Ibidem n. 60. Pope Adrian dispenceth with King Henry's Oath Absolution from it for which Reason not thinking himself obliged by it he neither took Care to satisfie his Fathers Will or Brothers Request in yielding to him the Earldom of Anjou Whereupon his Brother fortifies his Castles and makes Incursions into all King Henry's Countries round about them The King passed over Sea raised an Army besieged and took the Castle of Chinon and so humbled his Brother that he rendred all his Castles and had his Pardon [5.] F. 95. n. 40 50. Matthew Paris says they came to an Agreement and that Geofry quitted his Claim for 1000 l. Annuity of English Money and 2000 l. Anjovin and placeth this Action in the year 1156. Soon [6.] Brompton Col. 1049. n. 10. The City of Nantes choose Geofry the Kings Brother their Earl after the City of Nants in Britany not knowing who was their true Lord chose Geofry for their Lord and gave him the Dominion thereof and the Country about it but he lived not long to enjoy it After whose death Conan Earl of Richmond in England took possession of it The King hearing his Brother was dead went over into France and claimed Nants in his Right and as his Successor and gave Command his Earldom of Richmond should be seized It was in [7.] Chron. Norman f. 994. A. B. An. Do. 1157. A Treaty between the Kings of England and France Margaret the King of France his Daughter to be Married to Henry the Kings Son August he went over into Normandy and the first thing dispatched was a Treaty between him and Lewis King of France upon the River Epta in the Confines of France and Normandy concerning Peace and a Marriage to be had between Margaret the Daughter of Lewis and his Son Henry what they Agreed upon was Sworn to on both sides And from thence the King of England went to Argentom and on the Eighth of September summoned the Army of Normandy to meet at Abrinces on Michaelmass-day to go against Conan Duke of Britany to force him to render Nants that he had invaded In the mean time he was invited to the French Court at Paris where he was Entertained with all the Joy and Splendour imaginable and coming from thence he brought the Kings Daughter with him and delivered her to be kept and Educated by Robert de Newburgh Justiciary of Normandy Robertus de Novo-Burgho Dapifer Justitiarius Normanniae Chron Norm f. 996. A. On Michaelmass-day Conan Earl of Rhenes and Duke of Britany with his Britans came to Abrinces now Auranches and delivered to the King the City of Nants with the whole County or Earldom belonging to it In December following [8.] Ibidem f. 994. D. Theobald Earl of Blois makes Peace with King Henry Theobald Earl of Blois made Peace with King Henry and delivered the two Castles of Ambois and Freteval Rotroc also Earl of Perch gave up the two Castles of Molins and Bon-Molins which were the Demeasns of the Duke of Normandy which Rotroc the Father of this Earl had seized upon after the death of King Henry the First At the same time he granted to this Earl Bellism Castle for which he did him Homage He kept his Christmass at Cherbough where he came to meet his Queen [9.] Ibidem f 995. A. B. An. Do. 1158. Alienor who a little before was come out of England From thence he passed to the Castle of [1.] Ibidem King Henry takes the Castle of Bray A Match propounded between Richard Son to King Henry and the Daughter of the Earl of Barcelone Blaye seated upon a steep Hill over-looking the River Garonne where he met Raymond Earl of Barcelone with whom he made a League confirmed with both their Oaths by which it was mutually agreed That Richard the Kings second Son should at years of Maturity Marry the Daughter of Raymond and when the Nuptials were performed he was to have setled upon him the Dukedom of Aquitan This Raymond's Paternal Inheritance was the Earldom of Barcelone and by Right of his Wife he was King of Aragon which he reserved for his Son he had by her King Henry having made this Alliance declares his [2.] Ibidem 995. C. D. An. Do. 1159. The Title of King Henry to the City and Earldom of Tholose Title to the City and Earldom of Tholose which by his Wife was thus Her Grandfather William Earl of Poictou and Duke of Aquitan had Engaged them for a great Sum of Money which he spent in an Expedition into the Holy Land to Raimond Earl of St. Giles which Money he paid not but left the Debt upon his Son William the Father of Queen Alienor For non-payment of this Money Anfonsus Son of Raimond and after him Raimond Son of Anfonsus held the City and Earldom The King of France Married Alienor Daughter and Heir of the last Duke of Aquitan c. and demanded and was ready to possess himself of the City and Earldom of Tholose when Raimond the then Earl of St. Giles Married his Sister Constance King Henry offered the Mortgage Money See John de Sennes The great Army raised to pursue the Title of Tholose the Widow of Eustachius Son of King Stephen and by that means he was permitted to enjoy it King Henry Married Alienor after she was Lawfully Divorced from the King of France and had Issue Male by her then four Sons and from thence grew his Title and Pretence to the City and Earldom To obtain which as his Wives Inheritance he summoned the Force of all England Normandy Aquitan and the other Countries subject to him He carried not with him in this Expedition any Agrarian or Ordinary Soldiers nor Burghers or Rusticks but took [3.] Ibid. D. of every Knights Fee in Normandy Sixty Sols of Anjou Money and in England and his other Countries what he thought good His Capital Barons with few others accompanied him Solidarios Milites innumeros but he collected or raised Stipendiary Soldiers innumerable In this Expedition was Malcolm King of Scots who was Knighted by him and William King Stephens Son Raimond Earl of St. Giles allarm'd with this great Preparation desired Assistance of the King of France who
put himself into the Town with an Army which King Henry for the [4.] Ibidem f. 996. A. The Person of the King of France secures the City Cahors taken c. Honour he bare to him would not besiege but by force and through fear the greatest part of the Earldom was made subject to him He also took the City of Cahors From this Action of the King of France arose great Enmity between the Kings and the Normans and French prosecuted one another with Fire and Sword Gervase the Monk of Canterbury * Col. 1381. lin 3. The Relation of the Expedition of Tholose by Gervase of Canterbury gives a different Relation of this Expedition to Tholose He says the King took Scutage to the value of One hundred and fourscore thousand Pounds in England and accordingly in his other Countries That there were with him the King of Scots and a certain King of Wales and all the Earls and Barons of England Normandy Aquitan Anjou and Gascony and many others of divers Countries Horse and Foot That the City was besieged from Midsummer to Holy-Mass and that the King of France defended it so well as the King of England could not take it and so was forced to raise his Siege Fitz-Stephens * P. 8. Col. 2. in vita Thomae c. Reports That in this Expedition the Chancellor had 700 chosen Knights or Gentlemen that served on Horseback of his own Family or Dependents Cancallarius de propria familia lectam manum Militum septingenta Milites habebat and that if the King had followed his Advice he had taken Tholose and the King of France in it but being possessed with a vain Superstition and Reverence toward his Lord the King of France who had made himself his Enemy he never invested the City but went from it satisfying himself with the taking the City of Cahors and many Castles in the Neighbourhood of Tholose for the keeping whereof all the Earls refusing that Service only the Chancellor with his Attendants and Retinue and Henry de Essexia the Kings Constable stayed there who after the King was gone took in three strong Castles which seemed inexpugnable The Chancellor himself appearing before them in his Arms and then passing the River Garonne reduced all that Country and made it subject to the King from whence he went to him and was received with great Favour and Honour In the Month of October [5.] Ib. C. D. King Henry having fortified Cahors as a Check upon Tholose and recommended it to the Care of Thomas * That is Thomas Becket his Chancellor and having fixed Garisons in Places necessary and convenient and confiding in the Assistance of Raimond Berengar Earl of Barcelone Tranchevel Earl of Nimes and William of Montpelier King Henry returns into Normandy destroys and burns Towns and Villages his faithful Confederates he returned into Normandy and thence with a great Force went into le Beauaisis destroyed the strong Castle of Guerberes and burnt many Towns and Villages Simon Earl of Montfort at that time delivered up to King Henry his Places of Strength in France Rochfort Montfort Espernon and the rest with great detriment to the King of France for none of his People could pass freely from Paris to Stamps or Orleans for being disquieted with the Normans he had put into those Castles and for this Cause a Truce or Cessation of Arms was made between the two Kings A Truce between the two Kings from December until eight days after Whitsunday In his return from this Expedition of Tholose William Earl of Moreton died without Children and King Henry took his Earldom into his Hands In this War * Ibid. p. 9. Col. 1 2. between the Kings of France and England on the Borders of their Territories the Chancellor besides his own Retinue the Seven hundred Horse or Knights had 1200 others Stipendiaries and Four thousand * Or it may be these 4000 Servientes were Foot for sometimes there were Servientes pedites Servientes or Ordinary Horse or Attendants for one Month and every Knight or Miles received every day to provide for his Horses and Esquires ad Equos Armigeros c. three Shillings of that Country Money Ipsi Milites The Knights themselves had their Diet from the Chancellor who though he was a Clerk Tilted with a Knight of France named Engelram de Trie and with his Lance unhorsed him and gained his Horse In the whole Army of the King his Knights were always the first that engaged and always dared most The King and Queen kept their [6.] Ibid. D. f. 997. A. Christmass at Falais from whence she went for England and not long after * 'T is so said in this Author But see Anno Dom. 1166. Maud the Empress sickned and died and by the Advice of her Son gave all her Riches to be distributed to the Churches Monasteries and the Poor In May following there was a [7.] Ibidem firm Peace Established between the two Kings * Vid. Rob. de Monte. An. Do. 1161. A Peace between the two Kings A Norman great Council or Parlement In July Henry called together all the Bishops Abbats and Barons of Normandy at New-Market and King Lewis all his Bishops Abbats and Barons at Beavais where they Treated about the Reception of Pope Alexander chosen by the Cardinals and the Rejection of Victor elected by the Emperor Frederic and his Friends They consented to the first and disowned the last In September Queen Alienor [8.] Ibid. B. by the Kings Command returned into Normandy and carried with her his Son Henry and his Daughter Maud. In October [9.] Ibidem the two Kings met again and confirmed the former Peace Upon the [1.] Ibid. Rad. de Diceto Col. 523. n. 20 30. A. D. 1160. Henry and Margaret are Married Third of November by the Authority and Allowance of Henry of Pisa and William of Papia Priest Cardinals and Legats to the Pope there was a Marriage solemnized between Prince Henry the King of Englands Son of Seven years of Age and Margaret Daughter of King Lewis by his second Wife Constantia the * King Lewis Married her after the Divorce of Alienor Chron. Nor f. 989. D. The three Templars Commanders of these Castles were Robert de Pirou Tostes of St. Omer and Richard de Hastings The King of France expelled them his Kingdom but the King of England received and much enriched them Hoved f. 282. a. n. 10. Daughter of Alfonso King of Spain about Three years of Age who was then at Newburgh in the Custody of King Henry by which Marriage he obtained the Castle of Gisors which by Agreement of the two Kings was to remain in the keeping of Knights Templars until the Consummation of a Marriage between these two young Persons and then to be delivered to King Henry With Gisors he received also as Dependencies upon it the Castles of Neausle
in England the King of France recalled the young King and Earl of Flanders from the Sea Coast and with a great Army besieged Roven but prevailed little against it for the Barons and Knights of Normandy that heartily loved Henry the Father put themselves into the City and courageously defended it This news coming to King Henry the elder his Affairs in England being in a great measure setled with great speed he went to Portsmouth and on the Eighth of August being Friday landed at Barfleu in Normandy and carried with him his Brabanters and One thousand Welsh With him he also carried William King of Scots the Earls of Leycester and Chester and first imprisoned them at Caen and afterward at Falais On Sunday next he came to Roven the next Morning early he sent the Welsh beyond the River Seyn to search the Woods on that side of the Town where the King of France was with his Army they met with forty Waggons laded with Wine and Victuals from France The Welsh take a French Convoy of Wine and Victuals the Drivers and Convoy fled the Welsh pursued and took some and killed others and returning to their Prize they broke the Waggons and staved the Wine Vessels leading away the Horses The Report whereof coming to the King of France and his Army they thought of nothing but slight The King of England in the mean time cleared the Gates the Citizens had stopped up and marching out filled up the Ditch which was drawn between the King of France his Army and the City The King of France then Commanded That his Stone-Casting and other Warlike Engines should be broken and burnt He also Commanded his Soldiers to Arm. The King of England came up to his Tents with his Soldiers or Knights and their Servants and the King of France his Knights and Servants or Esquires came out of their Tents and charged furiously the English The English beat the French who took and wounded many of them and killed most of their Horses Next Morning William Arch-Bishop of Sens and Theobald Earl of Blois came to the King of England and asked Leave that the King of France might safely Retreat with his Army to Malhauny The Siege raised upon Condition he came next day to Treat with the King of England and that he should do so they both obliged themselves by their Faiths and Oaths and so the King of France departed with his Army to the place appointed and there staid but about Midnight The King of France regards not his Promise An. Do. 1174. he privately caused his Soldiers to march and they halted not until they came into France not regarding the Faith and Oaths of the Arch-Bishop or Earl by which for his advantage they had obliged themselves This Retreat of the King of France happened on the Fourteenth of August On the day following the Arch-Bishop and Earl came again [4.] Ibidem p. 58. b. p. 59. a. to King Henry the Father and propounded a * Colloquium That was the word as much used in the old Historians French and English as Concilium was for a Parliament Richard Earl of Poictou Rebels against his Father He flies before his Father and leaves his Castles and Fortresses He casts himself at his Fathers Feet and begs Pardon Conference or Treaty between him and the King of France at Gisers upon the Feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary or Eighth of September at which time they met but could not agree but appointed another Colloquium or Treaty on Michaelmass-day between Tours and Ambois upon Condition that the King of England the mean while might march into Poictou to subdue his Son Richard they swearing That neither the King of France nor the youg King nor any for them or on their Party should give or send him Relief When he came into Poictou his Son Richard dare not stand him but fled from every place where he thought he would come and relinquished the Castles and Fortresses he had formerly taken and when he heard the King of France and his Brother had made Truce with the King his Father and excluded him he was mightily troubled and came weeping and cast himself at his Fathers Feet and asked his Pardon He moved with Paternal Compassion received him into favour and kissed him [5.] Ibidem p. 59. a. Hoved. f. 309. a. n. 30 40 50. Who forgives him This Peace was made between his Father and him on the Twenty third of September Richard went with his Father to meet the King of France and his Brother that he might inform them what he had done On Michaelmass-day all Parties met between Tours and Ambois according to Agreement and the day following the young King and his Brothers All his Rebellious Sons submit to his Mercy according to the Advice of the King of France submitted themselves to their Fathers Mercy and made with him Articles of Peace and confirmed them with their Seals I. The young King [6.] Append. n. 35. Articles of Peace between old King Henry and his Sons Henry and his Brothers Richard and Geofry should return to the Obedience of their Father notwithstanding any Oaths of which they were to be absolved they had made between themselves or with others against him or his Men. II. That all their Men Tenents in Military Service or such as had otherwise done Homage to them and Barons such as held immediately of them their Baronies that had for their sakes receded from the Fidelity they ought to their Father were by them to be freed and acquitted from the obligation of such Oaths and Covenants they had made with them and so were to return into the Homage and Allegiance of their Lord the King III. The King his Men and Barons were to re-have and possess all their Lands Castles c. which they had fifteen days before the Rupture between Father and Sons Likewise the Kings Barons and Men that left him and followed his Sons were to have again all their Lands they had at the same time IV. The King the Father remitted all Evil Will towards his Barons and Men which left him so as for that he would do them no Evil so long as they served him faithfully as their Liege Lord. The like the young King remitted to all Clerks and Laicks which were in his Fathers Service and gave Security he would not procure their hart or damage in his whole Life V. By this Concord the King was to give his Son Henry two convenient Castles in Normandy by his own appointment and 15000 l. yearly of Anjou Money To his Son Richard two convenient Receptacles or Places of Receit in Poictou so as no damage might accrue to his Father from them and in Money half the Revenue of Poictou To his Son Geofry he gave in Money half the Fortune or Revenue he was to have by his Marriage of Earl Conans Daughter and after he was Married to her by Consent of
Wales to meet him viz. Rese the Son of Griffin King of South-Wales David Son of Owen King of North-Wales Cadwalan King of Delwain Owen de Kevilian Griffin de Bromfield Madoc Son of Gervet Chone and many others of the most Noble of Wales who all did Homage and sware Fealty to him against all Men and that they would keep Peace with him and his Kingdom To King David who had Married King Henry's Sister he gave the Land of Ellesmar and to King Rese the Land of Merionith These things [9.] F. 323. b. n. 20 30. Hoveden says were done in a General Council at Oxford and that there King Henry made his Son John King of Ireland c. More of which afterwards On the Sunday before [1.] Ben. Abb. p. 98. b. 99. a. The Tenents in Capite attend the King with Horse and Arms. Ascension-day the King was at Winchester where by his Precept all the Earls Barons and almost all the Knights or Soldiers that held of him in Capite came to him prepared with Horse and Arms to know his Commands for at that time he had caused most of the Ships of England and Normandy to be ready at Portsmouth and Southampton to Transport them with the King On Ascension-day the King gave them leave to go Home and return to Winchester again in the Octaves of St. John Baptist which is the first of July and then to execute his Commands The King [2.] Ibidem p. 103. a. He defers his passing into Normandy with his Tenents in Capite until he sent to the King of France about the Contracts of Marriage made between their Children was at Winchester at the time appointed and his Tenents in Capite ready to pass into Normandy with him but deferred his Voyage until the Envoys he had sent to the King of France [3.] Ibidem p. 99. b. to know whether he would stand to his Bargain and Contract concerning his two Daughters Margaret and Alice and his two Sons Henry and Richard and whether he would give them the Lands he promised them in Marriage were returned They came [4.] Ibidem p. 104. a. The King of France refuseth to stand to his part of the Bargain but would force the King of England to make good his and procures the Popâ—s Legat to threaten an Interdict The King of England by â—is Bishops Appeals from the Legat to the Pope not themselves but by special Messengers let the King know the effect of their Negotiation with the King of France which was That the King of France would part with no Land and yet expected his Son Richard Earl of Poictou should Marry his Daughter Alice and if he did not the Popes Legat threatned and was ready to put all his Dominions as well on one side of the Sea as the other under an Interdict The King Advised with his Bishops viz. Richard Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Geofry of Ely Bartholomew of Exceter and John Bishop of Chichester and other Wise Men of his Kingdom that were then with him what he should do in this matter They Counselled the King by the Bishops that were there to Appeal to Pope Alexander against his Legat which they did and put the King themselves and the whole Kingdom under his Protection and the King sent to the Arch-Bishop of York that he and his Province should make the same Appeal as the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury had done in his Province This was about the Twelfth of July Notwithstanding this [5.] Hoved. f. 325. b. n. 30. Appeal the King about the middle of [6.] Ben. Abb. p. 107. b. He passeth with his Army over Sea August passed into Normandy from Portsmouth and almost all the Earls Barons and Knights of England followed him On the Twenty first of [7.] Hoved. ut supra The Covenants of Marriage between the Children of the two Kings Upon Conference they agree September the two Kings came to a Conference at Yurâ— in presence of the Legat and the great Men of both Kingdoms where the King of England gave his Faith that Richard his Son Earl of Poictou should take Alice Daughter of the King of France to Wife if her Father would give him with her in Marriage the City of Bourges with its Appurtenances as it was Covenanted between them and to Henry his Son all the French Veuxin that is all the Land between Gisors and Pontoise which he promised to give him in Marriage with his Daughter And because the King of France would not perform these things he would not permit his Son Richard to Marry his Daughter Alice Yet in this Conference by Advice of the Cardinal and Legat and the Princes of both Kingdoms there was Amity and final Concord made between them Benedict the Abbat [8.] P. 108. a. says That King Henry granted that his Son Richard should * He was Affianced to her but never Married Marry the Daughter of the King of France and so they made Peace which was confirmed by their Faith Oaths and Seals Which was to this [9.] Ibidem purpose I. They Agreed [1.] Append. n. â—6 Articles of Agreement between the two Kings to take upon them the Cross and to together to Jerusalem against the Infidels II. That if either were injured or affronted they should assist each other III. That all manner of Discord might be cut off between them they granted each to other that from thence forward neither of them should demand of the other any Lands or other things they were in possession of except what was in Contention between them in Avergn and except the Fee of Castle-Ralph and the small Fees and Divises or Limits of Lands in Berry about which if they could not Agree between themselves there were three Barons and three Bishops named on either part who were to determine of their Right according to the Oaths of such Lay-Men as understood and knew it and they to stand to their Determination IV. That if either of them should die in their Journey the other should have the Management of the Men and Money and whole Affair V. That if they should both die in the Journey they were before they set forth to choose such of their honest and faithful Men or Vassals de probis fidelibus hominibus nostris to whom they should commit their Money the Leading and Government of their Soldiers and the Ordering of the whole Service or Expedition VI. They were to appoint such Governors of their Dominions in their absence as in all Difficulties should assist one another VII That Tradesmen Merchants and all Men as well Clerks as Laymen with all their Goods should be secure and free from molestation in both their Dominions This Treaty [2.] Hoved. f. 326. a. n. 50 c. Ben. Ab. p 109. b. The Statute of Verneul so called being ended the King of England went to Verneul and there upon the Petition of the Good Men of Grammont he Ordained in the presence
should be delivered to one of five which Earl Richard should choose and that she should be delivered to him in his return â—from Jerusalem Secondly â—That Richard should have all the Fealties of all his Fathers Dominions and that no Baron or Knight that left his Father to follow him * That is shall not be forced to return shall return to him again unless it be in the last â—Month when they move toward Jerusalem Thirdly â—The time of that motion shall be in the middle of Lent when both the Kings and Earl Richard shall be at _____ at that â—time Fourthly â—All the Burghers de Dominicis villis Regis Angliae of the King of England's proper Towns shall be free in all France paying only their due Customs nor shall be impleaded unless of forfeiture â—in Felony Fifthly ' The King of England shall give to the King of France ' 20000 Marks of Silver Sixthly â—All the Barons of the King of England shall swear That if the King of England keeps not this Agreement they will assist â—the King of France and Earl Richard against him Seventhly â—The Cities of Mayen and Tours the Castles of Ligdi and Trou were to remain in the hands of the King of France and â—Earl Richard while all things were performed Upon the Confirmation of this Peace he desired [2.] Ibidem n. 30. to have a written Catalogue of the Names of all such as had deserted him and adhered to the King of France and his Son Richard King Henry finds his Son John the first that deserted him which when he had received and found his Son John the first Man he was strangely surprised and went to Chinon and out of very grief and anguish of Mind Cursed the day in which his was born and gave [3.] Ibidem n. 40. He Curses his Sons and would never release them Gods Curse and his own to his Sons which he would never release though Bishops and other Religious Men had often persuaded and admonished him to it When he was sick to death he caused himself to be carried into the Church before the Altar and there received the Communion of the Body and * Comunionem Corporis Sanguinis Domini Q. whether he received it not in both kinds Blood of the Lord Confessing his Sins and being Absolved he died eight days after the Feast of St. Peter and Paul or on the Sixth of July when he had Reigned Thirty four years seven Months and four days and left this World about the Fifty seventh year of his Age. Some Men believe that the aversation of King Henry from the Consummation of the Marriage of Alice Sister to the King of France unto his Son Richard proceeded from the kindness he had for her himself and John Bromton [4.] Col. 1141. n. 50 60. affirms it to be so Of the Conquest or Acquest of Ireland HEnry the Second had a great desire to add Ireland to the rest of his Dominions and to that purpose held a Council of his Great Men at [1.] Chron. Norm f. 991. C. An. Dom. 1154. in the first year of King Henry Winchester on Michaelmass-day where they Treated about Conquering the Kingdom of Ireland but because it pleased not his Mother Maud the Empress for sometime that Expedition was laid aside Yet that he might be prepared against the first opportunity should offer it self he sent [1.] Sylvest Girald Cambr. Hibern Exp. f 787. lib 2. C. 6. King Henry obtains a Priviledge of the Pope to subdue Ireland John of Salisbury afterward Bishop of Chartres in France to Rome to Pope Adrian the Fourth an Englishman with his Complements and Congratulations from whom he obtained a [2.] Append â— 37. Priviledge by his Authority and Assent to bring Ireland under his Obedience [3.] Girald ut supra that he might cause them to be instructed in the Rudiments of Faith and informed in Ecclesiastick Discipline and Rules according to the usages of the English Church and received from him a Gold Ring as a Token of Investiture First suggesting to him That the Irish were a Rude People and ignorant of the verity of Christian Faith as appears by the Popes Priviledge or Bull it self About the year 1168 or 1169. an occasion offers to put his Design in execution Some fourteen or fifteen years after he had a fair occasion and advantage to put his Design in execution There was then five at least Kingdoms or Dominions in Ireland and many more petty Governments whereof those that Commanded in them were often by our Ancient Historians called Kings [4.] Girald Cambr. Hiber Expugnat lib. 1. C. 1. One of the five Rulers was Dermot Fitz-Murchard commonly called Mac-Morogh who was Prince of Leinster from his youth and first entrance upon his Kingdom he was an oppressor of the Nobility and exercised cruel Tyranny upon the Great Men of his Land To the evil [5.] Ibidem Treatment of his People there was the Accession of another Mischief Ororic Prince of Meath went with an Army to view the utmost parts of his Country and left his Wife Omachla the Daughter of Herlin or of O Machelin in an Island belonging to it Dermot and she had formerly understood one another very well Dermot Ravishes Prince Ororic's Wife yet taking the advantage of her Husbands absence he speedily came to the place were she was and Ravished her because she had a mind to be Ravished King Ororic mightily provoked with this indignity breathed nothing but Revenge and gathering together his own and Neighbours Forces drew into his Assistance Roderick Prince of Connaugh Roderick drawn in to Ororic's Assistance then Monarch of all Ireland The People of Leinster considering in what streights their Prince was and how he was encompassed with his Enemies unmasked themselves and discovering the concealed Revenge for the Injuries they had received from him The Great Men left him and joyned with his Enemies Dermot thus forsaken and after many Conflicts with his Enemies Dermot flees to King Henry and is kindly received with unequal Force having been always worsted he shipped himself and sled to King Henry of England then in France and much busied in Aquitan about reducing to obedience and setling of that Province Who received him kindly and having heard the cause of his Exile and of his Address and coming to him delivered with much order After he had sworn to be his true Vassal and Subject not being able at that time otherwise to assist him gave him his Letters * Literas Patentes indulsis Patents in form following Henricus [6.] Ibidem King Henry's Letters Patents to Dermot Rex Angliae Dux Normanniae Aquitaniae Comes Andegabiae universis fidelibus suis Anglis Normannis Gualensibus Scotis Cunctisque Nationibus suae ditioni subditis Salutem Cum praesentes ad vos literae pervenerint Noveritis nos Dermitium Lageniensium principem in Gratiae nostrae Benevolentiae
Ship into that Nation and by the same recalled all the English appointing them to return by Easter or to be disinherited and live in perpetual Exile The Earl sent Reymund to the King then in Aquitan with a Letter Reymund pleads for their continuance there in which he puts him in mind he had his License to go and assist his Vassal Dermot and tells him that as whatsoever he had acquired proceeded from his Munificence so it was all at his command and should return to him whenever he pleased In the beginning of May [5] Ibid. c. 20. f. 771. n. 50. A. D. 1170. Dermot Fitz-Murchard being a very old man died at Fernes About [6] Ibid. c. 21. A. D. 1171. Hasculph attempts to recover Dublin Whitsuntide the same year Hasculph sometime Governor of Dublin attempting to regain that City came into the River Liffe now the Road or Haven with sixty Ships filled with Norwegians and Inhabitants of the Northern Isles who landed and assaulted it But Miles Cogan the Governor defended it so well and his Brother Richard sallying out upon them beat them off with so great slaughter that they fled He is repulsed by Cogan and taken Prisoner their Leader John Thewoode being killed and Hasculph taken in the Silt or Ouse as he was making to his Ships who was reserved for Ransom but being brought before Miles he told him these were but a small Company and came only to try what might be done but if he lived in a short time there should come a far better and greater Force So soon as he had said this Miles caused his Head to be struck off And at last Beheaded The Irish Princes or Great Men [7] Ibid. c. 22. The Irish Princes agree to besiege Dublin perceiving that no recruits of either Men or Victuals came from England to the Earl and his Forces collected a vast Army from all parts of the Country and besieged Dublin By the Instigation of Laurence Bishop of that place this was done and he with the Prince of Connaught Roderic wrote to Gotred Prince of Man and other Chiefs or Princes of the Islands promising great rewards for their assistance who with thirty Ships full of Fighting men arrived in the Port of the City or Water of Liffe Two [8] Ibidem Dublin much pressed with want of Victuals months the Siege had continued without any relief by Land or Sea when Victuals began to be scarce amongst the besieged and to add to their Distress at this time they by Donald Son of Dermot were informed who came from the Borders of * Perhaps now Kinsale with the Country about it Fitz-Stephan besiegâ—d in Karrec Castle Kencele that Robert Fitz-Stephan was by those People and the men of Wexford to the number of 3000 besieged in his small Castle of Karrec not far from Waterford and unless he were relieved within three days he must fall into his Enemies hands Within Dublin [9] Ibidâ—m there were with the Earl Reymund and Maurice Fitz-Girald the last was mightily moved with the Calamity of his Brother Robert his Wife and Children seeing he was to defend a Defenceless Castle made only of Boughs of Trees Wood and Turf [1] Ibid. c. 23. Maurice and Reymund perswade the Earl to Sally out and attack the Enemy Reflecting upon their desperate condition Maurice and Reymund perswade and exhort the Earl and the small Troops within the City to go out and attack the Enemy who though they appeared in very great Numbers yet were all naked and unarmed men and to encourage and provoke them to such an Heroic and Glorious Attempt recounts to them the Greatness and Bravery of their former Actions that with inconsiderable Force and Numbers they had destroyed and dispersed great Bodies of men The Soldiers and Adventurers [2] Ibid. c. 24. strive who should Arm first and were divided into three small Troops in the first commanded by Reymund were twenty Knights in the second commanded by Miles were thirty and in the third commanded by Maurice were forty with some other Horsemen and a few Citizens joyned to every Division or Troop with these leaving enough for the Guard of the City they march out and suddenly about nine of the Clock in the Morning They set upon Roderic on a sudden and Defeat his whole Army they set upon an Army of Thirty thousand men who neither expected or thought of them killing very many of them and dispersing the rest Roderic trusting to the multitude of his men and no ways suspecting such a desperate Sally was Bathing himself and hardly escaped The English persued their Enemies until the Evening beating off and dispersing as well the Southern as other Bodies of men They spoil his Camp and return well provided with Victuals that lay on several parts of the City under several Chiefs and Commanders and then returned well provided with Victuals Carriages and Spoils On the morrow having secured and placed sufficient Guards in the City they march toward Wexford In the [3] Ibid. c. 25. The Wexfordians take Fitz-Stephan by a Trick mean time the Wexfordians and Kencelians take Robert Fitz-Stephan by a Trick and Falsity when they could not prevail by Force They brought before the Ditches of the Castle the Bishops of Wexford and Kildare with other men in Religious Habits and divers Reliques upon which they all affirmed upon Oath that Dublin was taken and the Earl Maurice and Reymund and all the English were destroyed that the Army of Connaught and Leinster were coming from thence and were very near Wexford that they did this out of kindness to him that he and the People with hm might quietly be conveighed over into Wales before the multitude who were his desperate Enemies came up Fitz-Stephan believing them gave himself into their Power and Protection they no sooner had Possession of him but killed some of his men beat and grievously wounded others and put them into Prison and Bonds But very suddenly there came contrary news that the Siege of Dublin was raised and the Earl was marching toward them Upon which they fired the Town of Wexford and removed themselves and Goods with their Captives into the Isle of Beg or St. Beger at the mouth of the Harbour The Earl [4] Ibid. c. 26. The Earl marches toward Wexford to relieve Stephan in his march toward Wexford was impeached at Odrone a narrow and difficult place by reason of Bogs and other impediments which was also fortified with Stakes here the Forces on both sides were engaged many of the Irish were slain the English gained the pass with the loss of one man only and marched into the Champain Country Meiler in this Fight was eminent above all others for his Valor When they [5] Ibid. c. 28. The Irish threaten to kill all the Prisoners if the Earl should disturb them came to the Bordes of Wexford they were informed of the case and condition of
drew his men together and marches toward the Newry to go into Vriel but in his march he had notice that the Irish of those Parts were in Arms and provided for their defence and were incamped South of Dundalke The English marched toward them and procured a Poor Frier to go and tell them that there were great Forces arrived from England at Tre or Drogedagh and that they were marching toward them the English when they came within a Mile of the Irish Army they went forward in such order as might make the greatest shew and appear many in number by the advantage of the places where they marched The English approaching make a great shout with which the Irish were so daunted as they broke their order tumbled one upon another and attempted to pass the River when the Tide coming in many were drowned and others that dare not adventure through the Water were killed by the English O Hanlan with his men had passed the Water The Frier shewed unto the English a Ford where they went over and pursued the Irish which were about 6000 A Fight between Courcy and O Hanlan and the English 1000 the matter was so ordered on both sides that they must fight the Conflict was sharp the English Foot gave back and left Courcy in the midst of his Enemies his Brother Amoric comes into to his relief rallies and incourageth the Soldiers who charged the Irish so briskly as they made them retreat The slaughter was great on both sides and each of them drew off without boasting of Victory The Fourth [6] Ib. f. 157. Girald ut supr l. 2. c. 16. f. 795. n. 10. was at the Bridge of Ivori where Courcy prevailed and slew many of his Enemies These were the great Acts of John de Courcy who commanded those English Forces that subdued Vlster after which he built many Castles in fit places for the Security of it and established there a firm Peace While John de Courcy [7] Ibid. c. 17. was thus imployed in reducing Vlster Miles Cogan who was * Dublinens familiae constabularius urbis custos c. Miles Cogan invades Connaught Constable of or had the chief command of the Forces of Dublin and Governor of that City under William Fitz-Adelm Seneschal of Ireland with Forty Knights 200 other Horse-men and 300 Archers passed the River Shannon and invaded Conaught the men whereof burnt their own Cities and Towns hid their Food and Victuals in Caves under ground and drove their Cattle into Fastnesses The English * Anglicana familia cum Tuemoniam Metropolin pervenisset c. Forces went as far as Twomond or Tuam the Metropolis and staid there eight days but not finding wherewithall to subsist returned to the Shannon where Roderic Prince of Conaught met them with three great Bodies of men There was a sharp Fight and many of the Irish slain but Miles and his men got safe to Dublin with the loss only of three Horse-men After this William Fitz-Adelm was recalled and [8] Ibid. c. 18. A. D. 1177. Hugh de Lacy was by King Henry made Procurator General that is Seneschal or Governor of Ireland Rex Henricus Hugonem de Lacy generalem Hiberniae Procuratorem constituit This same year in a general Council at Oxford [9] Hoved. f. 323. n. 20 30 40 c. Henry makes his Son John King of Ireland King Henry made his Son John King of Ireland by the Grant and Confirmation of Pope Alexander Venit Rex Oxeneford in Generali Consilio ibidem celebrato constituit Johannem filium suum Regem in Hibernia concessione confirmatione Alexandri summi Pontificis Benedictus Abbas [1] P. 97. a. says he purchased or procured a License from Pope Alexander to make which Son he would King of Ireland Rex perquisierat ab Alexandro summo Pontifice quod liceret ei filium suum quem vellet coronare Regem facere de Hibernia He gave in the same [2] Hoveden uâ— supra Henry grants to Fitz-Stephan and Cogham the Kingdom of Cork Council to Robert Fitz-Stephan and Miles de Cogham the Kingdom of Cork for the Service of sixty Knights to hold of him and his Son John except the City of Cork and one Cantred or Hundred which the King reserved to him and his Heirs The King gave also to Herbert Fitz-Herbert and William the Brother of Earl Reginald and Jollan de la Pumeray their Nephew the Kingdom of Limeric for the Service of sixty Knights or for sixty Knights Fees except the City of Limeric and one Cantred which he retained to him and his Heirs He likewise delivered to William Fitz-Adelm his Dapifer or Seneschal the Custody of the City of Wexford with all its Appertenencies and decreed that for the future the places following should belong to the Service of Wexford Harkelow with its Appertinencies Glascarric with its Appertinencies and the Land of Gilbert Boisrohard Ferneg Winal with its Appertinencies and all the Land of Hervey between Wexford and the River of Wexford the Service of Raimund de Druna the Service of Frodrevelan the Service of Vthmorth Leighlerin the Tenement of Maâ— Taloe with its Appertinencies and Leis the Land of Geofry of Constentine with its Appertinencies and all the Land of Otneld King Henry also delivered in Custody unto Robert Poer his Marshal the City of Waterford with all its Appertinencies and ordained that for the future these places following should belong to the Service of that City all the Land which is between Waterford and the River beyond Lismore and all the Land of Ossery with its Appertinencies Dublin committed to Hugh de Lacy. He also delivered in Custody unto Hugh de Lacy Dublin with all its Appertinencies and ordained that these places following should belong to the Service of Dublin the whole Land of O Felana with its Appertinencies and Kildare with its Appertinencies and the whole Land of Ophaly with its Appertinencies and Wicklow with its Appertinencies and the Service of Meth and the Service of four Knights Service which Robert Poer owes for his Castle of Dunavet When the King had thus [3] Ib. f. 324. a. lin 8. All to whom Lands were committed swear Fealty to the King and his Son John given the Lands in Ireland and divided their Services he made all those to whom he had committed the Custody of them to become his and his Son John's Men or Vassals homines suos Johannis filii sui Devenire and to swear Ligeance and Fidelity to them for those Lands Afterward he gave [4] Ibid. n. 20. to Philip Bruise the whole Kingdom of Limeric for the Service of sixty Knights to hold of him and John his Son for Herbert and William the Brothers of Reginald Earl of Cornwall and Joslan de la Pumeray their Nephew would not have that Kingdom because it was not then fully subdued for the English had killed the King of Limeric who was the
Marks to the Emperor and from the Earl 30000 upon condition he might be kept prisoner until Michaelmass following or if the Emperor had rather they would give him a thousand Pounds a Month so long as he should keep him Prisoner or if it pleased him better the King of France would give him 100000 Marks and Earl Iohn 50000 to deliver him Prisoner into their hands or at least that he would keep him one year The Emperor prevailed upon to differ his Release upon these Offers the Emperor put off the Day of his Liberty and ordered it to be upon the Purification of St. Mary at Ments At that Day and place [5] Ibid. b. n. 30.40 Henry Emperor of the Romans with the Great Men of his Empire and Richard King of England with his Mother Queen Alienor and Walter Archbishop of Roven William Bishop of Ely his Chancellor and Savaric Bishop of Bath met and held a Council about the Liberty of the King of England The Emperor out of Covetousness tempted with the money the King of France and Earl Iohn offered would have gone from his Agreement and calling for theis Messengers amongst which The King of France and Earl Johns letters given to King Richard to read was Robert Nunant Brother to Hugh Bishop of Coventry he gave the King of France and Earl Iohns Letters which they wrote against his Liberty to the King of England to read at which he was much troubled and confounded dispairing of his Freedom He by his Friend and Counsellor Sollicites the Archbishops of Ments Colon and Saxeburgh who this Archbishop was I find not unless Treves or Trier had ever that name the Bishops of Worms Spire and Liege The Dukes of Suavia the Emperors Brother of Austria and Lovain The Earl Palatin of the Rhene and other Great Men of the Empire who were â—idejussors or undertakers for the Emperor upon the Agreement between him and the King of England The Emperors Fidejussors rebuke him for his Covetousness who boldly went to him and rebuked him for his Covetousness and for that he would so impudently run back from his Bargain Qui ita impudenter à pacto suo resilire volebat and wrought so effectually with him as he Freed the King from his imprisonment [6] Ibid. n. 50. He thereupon consents to King Richards release he giving Walter Archbishop of Roven Savaric Bishop of Bath and Baldwin Waâ— and many other sons of his Earls and Barons hostages or Pleges for the Residue of his Ransom Money unpaid and that he should keep peace to the Emperor his Empire and all his Dominions and the Archbishops of Menâ—s and Colon Delivered him free into the Hands of his Mother Alienor A. D. 1194. Robert Nunant refuses to be plege for the King on the fourth of February The King asked Robert Nunant to be a Plege for him he answered he was Earl Iohns Man or Vassal and therefore would not be Plege for him Respondet [7] Ibid. f. 418. a. lin 4. Quod esset homo Comitis Iohannis ideo noluit pro ipso obses Esse for which answer the King caused him to be taken and imprisoned The same Day the [8] Ibid. n. 10. The Emperor writes to Earl John to restore King Richard all his rights and possession Emperor the Archbishops Bishops Dukes and Earls of the Empire by their common Writing to which they put their Seals sent to the King of France and Earl Iohn that presently upon sight thereof they should deliver to the King of England the Castles City's Fortresses Towns Lands and whatsoever they had taken from him while he was the Emperors Prisoner and if they did not to let them know they would help him to recover what he had lost [9] Ibid. n. 20.30 King Richards generosity to the German Bishops and Nobility Hereupon King Richard by his Charts granted to several Archbishops Bishops Dukes Earls and Barons and others of the Empire annual Rents or stipends for their Homages Fealty's and aids or assistance against the French King and received the Homage of the Archbishops of Ments and Colon of the Bishop of Liege the Dukes of Austria and Lovain the Marquess of Montferrat the Duke of Lemburgh and the Duke of Swavia the Emperors Brother of the Earl Palatin of the Rhene the Son of the Earl of Haynault of the Earl of Holland and many others saving their Fealty to the Emperor He is conducted to Antwerp and from thence came to Sandwich who gave the King a safe conduct or Pass-port to Antwerp where he was under the protection of the Duke of Lovain from thence he came to England and landed at Sandwich on the 13th of March. Not long before the Kings [1] Ibid. n. 40.50 Arrival one Adam of St. Edmund a Clerc and servant to Earl Iohn was sent by him into England with Letters and Directions That his Castles should be fortified against his Brother He came to London and went to the Palace of Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury and dined with him where he Boasted much of the prosperity of his Master The Insolence of one of Earl Johns Servants and the intimacy he had with the King of France telling that he had given him the Castles of Driencurt and Arches which should have been given to the Archbishop of Rhemes and talked at a great Rate what his Lord could do if he had but Faithful Men. His Bragging discourse much exasperated the Archbishop and all that heard him He is apprehended and Earl Johns designs are discovered but for the Deference to the Table he was not apprehended But after Dinner in his Inn the Major of London took him and all his Briefs or Commissions which conteined all Earls Iohns design and delivered them to the Archbishop of Canturbury [2] Ibid. b. lin 4.5.6.7 who on the Morrow called before him the Bishops Earls and Barons of the Kingdom and shewed them those Letters and declared the Tenor of them and presently it was Determined by the Common Council of the Kingdom Earl John disseized of all his Tenements in England That Earl Iohn should be disseized of all his Tenements in England and that his Castles should be besieged statim per Commune Consilium Regni Definitum est Quod Comes Iohannes Dissaisiretur de omnibus Tenementis suis in Anglia ut Castella sua obsiderentur factum est ita and so it was done The same Day [3] Ib. b. n. 10. He his Advisers and Abettors Excommunicated Archbishop Hubert the Bishops of Lincoln London Rochester Winchester Worcester and Hereford and the Elect of Excester and many Abbats and Clercs of the Province of Canturbury came together and Anathematized Earl Iohn and all his Abetters and Advisers which had or should Disturb the Peace of King and Kingdom unless they laid down Arms and gave satisfaction All to whom the [4] Ibid. n. 20 30 40 c. His
of Arches and many other Castles he had taken in Normandy and his other Territories by War But the perfecting of this Agreement was deferred until the eighth of November because the Emperor [3] Ibid. n. 50. prohibited the King of England he should not make peace with the King of France without his Advice and Consent In this Treaty Alice Sister to King Phillip was delivered to him and he presently married her to the Earl of Pontive The King of England [4] Ibid. b. n. 10. The Emperor is against King Richards concluding a Peace with France sent to the Emperor William Bishop of Ely and others and found him not pleased with the Terms of the Peace and rather then it should be perfected he offered to remit 17000 Marks of his Ransom which was unpaid toward his charge in recovering what was lost yet King Richard kept his Day and very hour of [5] Ibid. n. 20. King Philip promises King Richard a meeting but fails meeting the King of France near Verneuil The Archbishop of Rhemes met him and told him from the King of France he ought to make so much hast for he was then busie with his Council The King of England believed him and expected at a place near by while he would expect to hear of the King of France no longer and then went that he might speak with him When Philip Bishop of Beavais before him told the King of England that the King of France challenged him of Breach of faith and Perjury for that he had sworn and given his Faith he would be at the Treaty such an hour and came not and therefore he defied him and so they parted Within [6] Ibidem The French enter Normandy and ravage and burn Towns and Ships three Days the French entred Normandy and made great Ravages there they burnt Diep and the Ships and Vessels in Port. King Philip rambling up and down with his Army came to Issoudun in Berry took the Town and besieged the Castle The King of England hearing of it made what hast he could out of Normandy came thither and entred the Castle where a great many armed men flocked to him [7] Ibid. n. 30.40 They desire a Treaty which was granted and a Peace concluded The King of France liked not his Station and desired he might march away without any interruption to his Army which being denied he desired a Treaty which was granted This was on or about the [7] Ibid. n. 30.40 They desire a Treaty which was granted and a Peace concluded Sixth of December and by the Mediation of the Archbishops and Bishops on both sides there present it was sworn on both parts That there should be peace and concord between themselves their Men or Vassals and their Dominions inter se homines suos terras suas until the Feast of St. Hilary next coming and that then they should meet at Loviers to make final Peace and Concord ad pacem finalem concordiam faciendam before a greater Audience or Convention of their people After the [8] Ibid. f. 435. a. n. 10. A. D. 1196. The Articles of the Peace Feast of St. Hilary or on the 14th of January they met at Loviers where by advice of their Men or Great Feudataries ubi inter eos Concilio Hominum suorum They agreed That the King of France and his Heirs should Quiet-Claim or Release to the King of England and his Heirs Issoudun with its Appertinencies and all the Right he had in Berry Avergn Gascony and That he should render to him the Castle of Arches the Earldoms of Albemarle and Ou and the other Castles he had taken by War [9] Ibid. n. 10. The King of England for this was to Quiet-Claim or Release to the King of France Gisors Castle and all Veuxin Norman And for the Performance of this Peace they were bound to each other in 15000 Marks of Silver and found Sureties one to another for that Sum. The King of France Repented him of this Agreement and Levied a great Army [1] Ibid. n. 40.50 The King of France breaks the Peace made between him and King Richard and besieged Albemarle he took the Castle and demolished it and received of the King of England 3000 Marks for the Ransome of his Knights and Esquires there taken For which the King of England caused the Goods and Possessions of the Abbats of the great Monastery of Clugni St. Denis and la Charite in all places of his Dominions to be seised as being Sureties to him for the 15000 Marks [2] Ibid. b. lin 1. Afterwards the King of France took Nonan Court and John Earl of Moreton the Kings Brother took the Castle of Gamache Andeli sur Seine or the Isle of Andeli sur Seine belonging to the Archbishop of Roven was a [3] Ibid. f. 437. a. n. 10. A. D. 1196. notable pass or Inlet into Normandy through which the King of France used often to take his way over the Seine to waste and harass that Country The King of England to hinder his getting over the River that way and for the safety of his People built a Castle in it contrary to the mind The sentence of Interdict pronounced against Normandy and notwithstanding the prohibition of the Archbishop and because he would not desist upon his prohibition he pronounced the sentence of Interdict against Normandy and went to the Pope There happened the same year a [4] Ibid. n. 20. A Skirmish between the Domestic Servants of both Kings Skirmish between the Domestic Servants of each King Hugh de Chaumout a stout Rich Knight and Favorite of the King of France was taken and delivered to the King of England and delivered him to Robert de Ros to be safely kept and he delivered him to his Esquire or Servant William de Espinai to be kept in the Castle of Bon-Ville upon Toke In the night by his consent and permission he made his escape The King angry at it imprisoned Robert de Ros and caused him to pay a Composition of 1200 Marks for his Liberty and William de Espinai a Traytor to his Master was Hanged upon a Gallows On the 19th of May [5] Ibid. n. 40. A. D. 1196. Earl John defeats Philip Bishop of Beavais Iohn Earl of Moreton and Marchades the General of the Brabanters with a good Body of Horse appeared before the City of Beavais When they came to plunder and waste that Country Philip the Bishop and William de Merlou with his Son and many Knights and ordinary People went out armed to oppose them They were presently routed the Bishop William de Merlou his Son and some Knights were taken and most part of the ordinary People were killed The same day they marched to Milli a Castle belonging to the Bishop and took it by assault and demolished it and so returned in Triumph into Normandy and delivered their Prisoners to the King The Bodies of the
Dead lay [6] Ibid. n 50. A. D. 1197. unburied in the Streets of the Cities of Normandy and the King being mightily Troubled the Archbishop would not Release the Interdict [7] Ibid b. lin 2. n. 10. King Richard sends Messengers to the Pope to make his defence sent the Bishop of Lisieux and Philip the Elect of Durham after Christmas to the Pope to make his Defence before him They appearing in his presence with the Archbishop He asserted his Right he had in Andeli and complained of the Injury King Richard had done by Building a Castle upon the Patrimony of the Church of Roven without his assent and contrary to his pleasure To which they answered [8] Ibid. n. 10. â—0 Their Plea in the Kings behaâ—f The King had often offered him by the Mediation of his Bishops and Abbats Earls and Barons full satisfaction by the Estimation of discreet understanding Men and did affirm on behalf of the King he could not part with That Island of Andeli in which the Castle was built because the King of France made his passage that way into Normandy and often wasted it and therefore the King of England fortified it for the Defence of his Country against the King of France [9] N. 20.30 The Popes advice to the Archbishop of Roven The Pope and Cardinals after long Deliberation attending the Damages which might accrue to Normandy if there were not a Castle built there Advised the Archbishop amicably to compose the Matter and to accept Recompence according to the Estimation of honest and wise Men Secundum proborum sapientum virorum Aestimationem Saying It was lawful for Kings and Princes to fortifie the weak places of their Countries to avoid Damage to themselves and People The Interdict released This done the Pope Released the Interdict The Messengers and Archbishop being Returned with the Determination of the Pope and Cardinals [1] Ibid. n. 40. What the King gave the Archbishop for a recompence the King summoned the Bishops Abbats Earls and Barons of Normandy together and gave to Walter Archbishop of Roven in Recompence of his Town of Andeli the Town of Deipe with its Appertenencies the Mills of Robec in the City of Roven and Loviers with its Appertenencies and much more according to the Kings Chart and the Popes Confirmation in [2] Col. 701. n. 40. Col. 702. Ralph de Dâ—ceto by which exchange the Archbishop confesseth the Church got above Five [3] Ibid. Col. 700. n. 30. hundred Pounds The same year [4] Hoved. f. 437. b. n. 50. A. D. 1197. He plundered and burnt St. Valeri Richard came to St. Valeri and burnt the Town and Destroyed the Monks and carried with him into Normandy the Shrine and Reliques of St. Valerie in that Port he found Ships from England laden with Grain and Victuals he hanged the Mariners burnt the Ships and distributed the Corn and Victuals amongst his Soldiers Then came into King Richard [5] Ibid. f. 438. a. lin 2. Several People Confederate with King Richard against King Philip. the People of Champaign the Flemings and Britans they gave Pledges mutually they would not make Peace with the King of France but by common advice The King of England Bribed with Gifts many of the Great Men of France he gave to the [6] Ibid. n. 10. Earl of Flanders 5000 Marks for his assistance and he gave Hostages he should not make Peace with the King of France without his consent and the same the King of England did to him [7] Ibid n. 20.30 The King of France made him great Offers to leave the King but not being able to effect it he again Capitulated with the King of England The Sons of [8] Ibidem Hubert composes the Differences between the Welch Princes King Rese the Son of Grâ—ffin contended after the Death of their Father who should Reign Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury went to the Borders of Wales and made them Friends Philip Bishop of Beavais [9] Ibid n 50. The Bishop of Beavals his complaint to the Pope against King Richard sent his Brother the Bishop of Orleans with his Epistle to the Pope informing him he was made Prisoner by the King of England and complaining how he was bound and laden with Irons notwithstanding the Dignity of his Order and as he says petitioned him with Tears for Relief The Pope [1] Ibid. b. n. 20. c. The Popes Answer writes back to him That he had put on a Soldiers Armour in stead of a Priests Habit and Vestments That the King of France was bound by Oath not to do any Damage to the King of England's Towns and Countries during the Time of his Peregrination and That he had impudently against his Faith and Oath by force seized his Towns and cruelly wasted his Countries That Humility against Pride Right and Equity against Wrong and Injury and Modesty against Arrogance fought for the King of England That he was not only a foolish Adviser of but an insolent Actor in his Kings extravagant Madness and at last told him he could only supplicate the King of England in his behalf for in such a case he neither could nor ought to Command But whether the Pope wrote in his behalf or notwithstanding what he wrote he remained in Prison and toward the latter end of the year 1198 offered King Richard for his [2] Ibid. f. 449. a. lin 4. Liberty 10000 Marks of Silver The two Kings made a Truce again for one year from the Feast of St. Hilary [ ] Ibid. f. 439. a. n. 10. A. D. 1198. And presently broken designing to make Peace A Truce made between the two Kings and final Concord between themselves But in September following this Truce was broken as hath been said in the Relation of the Skirmish between Gamache and Vernon and the Battel between Curcels and Gisors yet in November that [4] Ibid. f. 446. b. n. 40. year they made Truce again until the Feast of St. Hilary from this time to the Death of Richard all Hostility ceased between the two Kings These are some of the Battels Skirmishes and Engagements and the most notorious that were fought and happened between King Richard and King Philip in France some of the Truces that were as soon broken as made some of the Barbarous Devastations and Plunderings some of the Inhumane Killings and Leadings into Captivity committed and practised there during those last five years King Richard was in that Kingdom from the middle of May 1194 to the 6th of April 1199 the time of his Death Let us now take a Turn into England In the year 1198. Geofrey Fitz-Peter A. D. 1198. the new Justitiary of England sent forth [5] Ibid. f. 445. b. lin 7. Itinerant Justicâ—s sent forth by the Chief Justicâ—y Itinerant Justices and Hugh Bardulf Mr. Roger Arundel and Geofrey Haget had committed to them and journeyed through Lincoln
to keep them to the Kings Vse [7] Ibid. f. 444. a. n. 40. A. D. 1198. The other by Geofrey Fitz-Peter to the assistance of William de Bruosa an English Baron whom Wenhunwin son of Cadwalan had Besieged in Maud Castle where above 3000 welch were in fight and slight Much Money was Raised by Seizures Fines and Compositions and the Sale of his Demeasnes His Issue By the Procurement of his [8] Ibid. fol. 392. a. n. 10. Mother Alienor he Married Berengaria Daughter of Sanctius King of Navarre in the Isle of Cyprus [9] Ibid. f. 394. a. n. 10. A. D. 1190. on the 12th of May and there was Consecrated and Crowned Queen of England by Iohn Bishop of Eureux with other Forreign Bishops his assistants but by her he had no Issue She was with him in the Holy Land and came as far as Sicily in her passage to England But afterwards we hear not of her until the third of King Iohn when he compounded with her for her Dower Philip he had a Base Son as Hoveden [1] f. 452. b. n. 30. affirms to whom he gave the Castle and Honor of Cuinat but of whom begotten or when and where born he saith not Philippus filius Richardi Regis Angliae Nothus cui praedictus Rex pater suus dederat Castellum Honorem de Cuinac c. Other Issue of his I find not or what became of this Philip. THE REIGN OF King John AFTER the Death of King Richard [1] Hoved. f. 450. b. n. 10. A. D. 1199. Iohn Earl of * The old Monks never call any one King of England or Duke of Normandy until Crowned or invested for it was their opinion he was not so and that he Received his Kingship c. from his Consecration Unction and Coronation and by that means from the Archbishop as an Instrument and the Church of Rome as the Original of it and all Secular Government Moreton the fourth and youngest Son of King Henry the Second came into Normandy and presently sent Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury and William Marshal Earl of Striguil into England who with Geofrey Fitz-Peter the Justiciary and other Barons were to Keep that Nation in Peace Out of Normandy he went to Chinon in Tourain where was the Treasure of his Brother in the Keeping of Robert de Turnham who delivered it to him with the Castles of Chinon and Saumur and other Castles At the same [2] Ibid. n. 20. The Nobility of Normandy adhere to Arthur Duke of Britany time his Nephew Thomas de Furnes Delivered the City and Castle of Anger 's to Arthur Duke of Britany for in a Convention of the Chief men of Anjou Tourain and Main They acknowledged it to be the right and Custom of their Countries for the Son of the Elder Brother to succeed in the Patrimony due to him and That Arthur ought to possess the Inheritance which his Father Geofrey should have had if he had out-lived his Uncle Richard and therefore owned and adhered to him as their Liege Lord and Delivered to him Anjou Tourain and Main [3] Ibidem Constance the Mother of Arthur brought him to Tours and Delivered him to Philip King of France he sent him to his Son Lewis to be Kept at Paris and seised his Citys Castles and Fortresses and placed in them Castellans and Governors of his own In Revenge [4] Ibidem John Earl of Moreton takes and demolishes Main Iohn Earl of Moreton came to Main took the City and Castle and Demolished the Walls of the City the Castle and all the Stone Houses and made many of the Citizens Prisoners for that they had received Arthur contrary to the Fidelity made to him From thence he went to Roven and on the 25th of April [5] Ibid. n. 30. He is girt with the Sword of Normandy was girt with the Sword of the Dukedom of Normandy by Walter Archbishop of that City And he Swore before the Clergy and Laity coram Clero populo upon the Reliques of Saints and the holy Gospels * This was the Oath of the Dukes of Normandy and if the Conqueror took any it was this and in Substance 't is he same with the Oath of all our Antient Kings That he would preserve from Injury holy Church and the Dignities thereof That he would exercise right Justice Destroy evil Laws and ordain good In the mean time Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury and William Marshal who had been sent into England [6] Ibidem n. 40 50. The Nobility and Free Tenents of England Swear Fealty to him Caused the men of the Kingdom or Government fecerunt homines Regni as well of Cities as Burghs and Earls Barons and free Tenents to swear fealty and peace to Iohn Duke of Normandy the Son of King Henry the Son of Maud the Empress against all men yet all the Bishops Earls and Barons that had Castles provided and furnished them with Men Victuals and Arms. And therefore the Archbishop William Marshal and Geofry Fitz-Peter Justiciary of England met at Northampton and called before them such as they most suspected who were David the King of Scots Brother Richard Earl of Clare Ranulf Earl of Chester William Earl of Tutesbury Walran Earl of Warwic Roger Constable of Chester and William de Mowbray and many other Earls and Barons and there assured them that Duke Iohn would restore to every one their right Upon that * See Exact History of Succession fol. Bargain or Condition sub hac igitur conventione the foresaid Earls and Barons swore Fealty to Iohn Duke of Normandy and faithful Service against all men William King of Scots sent his [7] Ibid. f. 451. a. lin 2. The King of Scots sent Envoys to demand his Patrimony of Duke John But are denyed passage into Normandy Envoys to Duke Iohn to demand his Patrimony That is Northumberland and Cumberland with their Appertinencies and promised then to swear fealty and faithful service to him against all men But the Arch-Bishop William Marshal and Geofrey Fitz-Peter would not suffer them to pass into Normandy and sent to him by his Brother David That he should wait patiently until he came into England The like Message Duke Iohn sent to him by his Son in Law Eustachius de Vesci That in all things he would satisfie his Requests when he came into England if in the mean time he kept the Peace On the 25th of May Duke Iohn [8] Ibid. â— 20. Duke John Landeth in England and is Crowned King Landed at Shoreham in Sussex the next Day went to London and on the 27th of May being Ascension Day was Consecrated and Crowned by Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury at Westminster For the particulars of his Coronation I refer the Reader to the Exact [9] f. 375. B. C. History of the Succession of the Crown The same day King Iohn [1] Hoved. f. 451. a. n. 40. The antient way of Creating Earls and
those Castles as were faithful or well affected and would keep their Oaths And then he firmly Commands That the English Church should be free That all men or Feudataries of the Kingdom or Secular Goverment should have and hold all the Liberties Laws and Customes conteined in the Charters Well and in Peace Freely and Quietly fully and wholly to them and their Heirs of him and his Heirs in all things and places for ever And he and the Barons Swore to the Observation of them of all these matters without fraud or Deceit and this Grant was Signed with his own hand in the Meadow between Stanes and Windsor on the same day the Great Charter and Charter of the Forest were Granted and Confirmed That is on the 15th of June in the 17th year of his Reign The five and twenty [9] Mat. Paris f. 262. n. 10. The names of the twenty five Barons Elected Barons were these The Earl of Clare the Earl of Albemarle the Earl of Glocester the Earl of Winchester the Earl of Hereford Earl Roger of Norfolk and Suffolk Earl Robert of Oxford the Earl Marshal the Younger or William Marshal the Younger Robert Fitz-Walter Senior Gilbert de Clare Eustachius de Vescy Hugo Bigod Willielmus de Munbray alias Mowbray the Mayor of London Gilbert de La-Val Robert de Ros the Constable of Chester Richard de Perci Iohn Fitz-Robert William Malet Geofrey de Say Roger de Munbray William de Huntingfield Richard de Munfichet William de Albeney [1] Ibid. They Swear to Compel the King to keep the Peace and agreement These five and Twenty Barons Swore by the Kings order Isti viginti quinque Barones Juraverunt Rege hoc Disponente That in every Instance they would obey their Orders and Directions and would Compel the King if perchance he should Repent him of these things On the 18th of June the [2] Append. n. 117. A. D. 1215. 17 Johan Regis same year the King by his Writ Dated at Runemed Directed to Stephan Harengod let him know That a firm Peace was there made between him and his Barons inter nos Barones nostros on Fryday next after the Feast of Holy Trinity so as he had received their Homages and therefore Commanded him to do no injury to his Barons or others by Reason of the Discord between them And further Commanded him that so much of the Fines and Penalties set by reason of that Discord which remained unpaid should not be Levid and if any thing had been taken after that Fryday it was to be restored He was also to release all Prisoners and Hostages taken and deteined by reason of the War On the 19th of the same Month [3] Append. n. 118. He gives notice to all Sherifs and other Officers of the Peace and Commands them to cause all within their Jurisdiction to Swear to be obedient to the 25 Barons He also Commanded 12 Knights to be chosen in every County to inquire of Evil Customs c. by his Writ dated at the same place he signifyed to all Sheriffs Foresters Wareners Keepers of Rivers and his other Bayliffs or Officers That there was a firm Peace made between him the Barons and Free-men of his Kingdom inter nos Barones liberos homines Regni nostri as appeared by his Charter which he Commanded publickly to be read in his Bayliwicks VVilling and streightly Charging the Sherif That he should cause all of his Bayliwic according to the form of the Charter to Swear to the five and twenty Barons or their Attorneys constituted by their Letters Patents at such Day and time as they should appoint and also VVilled and Commanded That Twelve Knights should be chosen in every County at the next County i. e. County Court which should be holden after the receit of these Letters To inquire of the Evil Customes or Practises of Sherifs and their Ministers of Forests and Foresters Warens and Wareners of Rivers or River-banks and their Keepers or Tribute gatherers towards the Repairs of Bridges and Banks and to extirpate them After this on the 27th of the same Moneth from Winchester he Directs his Writ particularly to the [4] Append. n. 119. Such as refused to Swear to obey the 25 Barons to be imprisoned and to have their Lands and Goods seized Sherif of Warwicshire and the 12 Knights there Elected to Inquire after and root out all Evil Customes and Practises of the Sherifs and their Officers of Forests and Foresters Warens and Wareners Rivers and their Keepers Commanding them That without delay they Seize the Lands Tenements and Chattels of all those in the County of Warwic which refused to Swear to the twenty five Barons or their Attorneys and to detein them until they did Swear And this was Established by the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and Barons of this Kingdom And as he had been forced to these things so he for the performance of them was Compelled to Engage and put into their possession the [5] Append. n. 120. The King gives Caution for the observation of such tâ—ings as the 25 Barons exacted of him City and Tower of London and Covenant with Robert Fitz-Walter Marshal of the Army of God and of Holy Churâ—h in England Richard Earl of Clare Geofrey Earl of Essex and Glocester Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolke and Suffolke Saher Earl of Winâ—hester Robert Earl of Oxford H. Earl of Hereford and the Barons following William Marshal the younger Eustace de Vescy William de Mobray Iohn Fitz-Robert Roger de Mont-Begon William de Lanvalay and other Earls and Barons and Freemen of the whole Kingdom That they should hold the City of London of the Livery of the King until the 15th of August that year saving to him his Farms Rents and Clear Debts And that the Archbishop of Canturbury should hold the Tower in like Manner for the same Term Saving to the City 't is Liberties and Free Customs and saving to every one his right in the Guard of the Tower of London and so as the King should not put in Ammunition or New Forces into the City or Tower in the mean time And further that within the said Term Oaths should be made through all England to the 25 Barons or their Attorneys according to the Writs for Choosing Twelve Knights in every County to Destroy evil Customes c. And also that all things which the Earls Barons and other Free Men do require of the King which he says ought to be restored or which ought by the Judgment of the Twenty Five Barons or Greater Part of them to be restored shall be restored and if these things were done or the King hindered not the Doing of them within the said Term then the City and Tower of London were to be Re-delivered to him c. And if they were not done or the King hindered the doing of them then the Barons should hold the City and the Archbishop the Tower until the Covenants were performed and
not the Sentence Reputing it Null and Void In [6] Ibid. n. 10. A. D. 1215. The Kings Procurators appear against the Archbishop November following the Great Council before mentioned was held at Rome in which the Procurators or Comissioners of King John the [7] Ibid. fol. 273. n. 20. in the great Council at Rome They accuse him with holding Correspondency with the Barons c. Abbat of Beaulieu and Thomas de Huntingdon and Godfry aâ— Craucomb Knights appeared against Stephan Archbishop of Canturbury and accused him of holding Correspondency with the Barons and that by his Favour and Assistance they indeavored to Deâ—hrone the King That when he received the Popes commands to restrain the Barons from persecuting the King by Ecclesiastic Censures Refusing to do it he was suspended confounded with these Accusations he answered nothing but Desired to be absolved from his Suspension To whom the [8] Ibid. n. 30. Pope in Anger replied by St. Peter he should not easily obtein the Benefit of Absolution that had done so many affronts not only to the King of England but also to the Roman Church [9] Ibid. The suspension of the Archbishop confirmed by the Pope and Cardinals and having held a Consultation with the Cardinals they Subscribed and he Confirmed the Sentence of Suspension against the Arcbishop which was dated the 4th of November and sent to all the Clercs and Laics of that Province to let them know they Ratified what the [1] Append. 11.129 A. D. 1215. Bishop of Winchester and Pandulph had done commanding ready Obedience to it The [2] Ibid. n. 50. Canons of York chose Simon Langton Brother to Stephan Walter Gray Chosen Archbishop of York gives 10000. l. for his Pall. Archbishop of York and presented him to the Pope for his Confirmation of the Election But he voided it and recommended to them Walter de Gray whom they chose and he at the Receit of his Pall [3] Ibid. f. 174. lin 4. obliged himself to Pay Ten Thousand Pound Sterling to the Court of Rome The King having [4] Ibid. n. 10. The King causeth the Sentence against the Archbishop to be Published notice of the Sentence against the Archbishop went to the Monastery of St. Albans and there caused it to be published and from thence it was sent to all Cathedral and Conventual Churches through England to be Published At this place the King [5] Ibid. n. 20.30 The King Divides his Army raised two Armies or Divided his former Army into two parts with one he Marched Northward with the other under the Conduct of his Brother William Earl of Salisbury he indeavored to restrain the Excursions of the Barons in London The King with his Army Marched to Notingham and [6] Ibid. n 40. and Marcheth to Nottingham and wasts the Barons Estates Their Castellans quit their Castles sending several parties abroad in his March wasted the Barons Estates Seised their Goods and Burnt their Houses imprisoned their Tenents such as were found out of Churches and Church-Yards and forced them to Redemption the Barons Castellans upon the Kings Approach every where left their Castles without Defence William [7] Ibid. n. 50. The other part of his Army wasteth the Barons Estates in the East and South Earl of Salisbury and Falcasius de Brent with the Forces left under their command at St. Albans after they had put very strong Garrisons into the Castles of Windsor Hertford and Berchamsted to observe the Barons in the City of London and to hinder People and Victuals from going and being Carried into it Marched into the Counties of Essex Middlesex Hertford Cambrige and Huntingdon Shires were they make the like [8] Ibid. f. 275. lin 3. wasts upon the Barons Estates as the King did Northward and further destroyed their Parks and Warens and cut down their Hortyards The Garison of [9] Ibid. n. 20. Tonebrige and Redford Castles surrendred Rochester took the Castle of Tonebrâ—gge and Falcasius de Brent the Castle of Bedford At [1] Ibid. n. 20. A. D. 1216. Christmass the King was at Notingham and on the Day after he sent and summoned Belvoir Castle The King takes Belvoir Castle threatning to put William de Albiney the Lord thereof to Death if it were not forthwith Surrendred without Capitulation The Governors of it for the safety of their Lord carried [2] Ibid. n. 30.40 the Keys of it to the King who took possession of it on St. Johns Day and Gave his Letters Patents of indemnity and for the injoyment of all their Goods to all That were in it Yet notwithstanding this Monk who is always very Bitter and sharp against King John [3] Ibid. f. 276 lin 5. and n. 10. Brands him and his Followers whom he calls the Soldiers of Satan Sons of Belial and ministers of the Divel with the most Inhumane Barbarous Cruelties that ever were heard of unless in this Historian He reports they took Priests from the Altars with Crosses and the Lords Body in their Hands Tortured King John charged with inhumane Cruelties by Mat. Paris Robbed and wounded them That to extort Money from Knights and men of all Conditions they hanged them up by their Reins and Privities others by their Legs and Feet some by their Arms Hands and Thumbs spitting into their Eyes Salt mixt with Vinegar others they laid upon Trivits and Grid-Irons over burning Coals and then put their Broiled Bodies into Water under Ice to Cool them While the Barons lay [4] Ibid. n. 30.40 The King gets possession of the Barons Castles and Estates still the King got possâ—ssion of almost all their Castles and Estates from the South Sea to the Scottish Sea all the Castles and Lands between the River Tiese and Scotland he committed to Hugh Bailiol and * Pat. 18. Johan M. 7. Dors n. 66. Philip de Hulecotes and left Soldiers sufficient to Defend that Country The Castles and Landâ— in Yorkshire were committed to Robert de Veteri ponte or Vâ—pont i. e. at the Old Bridge Brien de Lisle and Geofry de Luci with armed Men sufficient to Defend them To William Earl of Albemarle he gave the Castles of Rockingham and Bitham to Faulx de Brent he gave the Custody of the Castles of Oxford Northampton Bedford and Cambridge and the Castle of Hertford he committed to Walter de Codardvill a Knight and Reteiner of Faulx and to Ranulph the German the Castle of Berchamstede With command to them all as they loved their Bodies and all they had That they should destroy all things that belonged to the Barons their Castles Houses Towns Parks Warrens Ponds Mills Hortyards c. From the North parts the [5] Ibid. The King takes Berwick King went into Scotland and took Berwick and other places which were then thought invincible and from thence he marched Southwards and left behind him only the Castle of Montsorrel and another belonging to Robert de
Fourscore Cogs which Eustace the Monk had gathered together They Shipped themselves with all speed and Landed in the Isle of Thanet upon the 21st of May. King John [3] Ibid. lin 3. King John dare not hinder his Landing at this time was at Dover with his Army which Consisted of Strangers and therefore he dare not attempt to hinder the Landing of the French least his men should leave him and go off to Lewis From hence he marched leaving Hubert de Burgh Governor of the Castle to Guilford and from thence to Winchester Lewis finding none [4] Ibid. n. 10. Lewis subdues Kent that resisted presently subdued all Kent but Dover Castle in his March he took in Rochester Castle and coming to London he was received by the Barons with all imaginable Demonstrations of Joy is Joyfully received at London The Barons do Homage and Fealty to him And there he received the Homages and Fealty of all the Barons and Citisens that were in Expectation of his coming and he Swore to them upon the Holy Gospells that he would give every one good Laws and restore their lost Estates When the [5] Append. n. 134. Peace was made between the King and Barons at Runemead the Barons promised they would give the King any security he should desire for the Observation of it Except their Castles and Pleges or Hostages The King not long after Demanded of them Charts by which they were to acknowlege The Barons break their promises with the King they were bound by Oath and Homage to keep Faith to him for the preservation of his life and Limbs and Terrene Honour against all men and to preserve and Defend the Rights of him and his heirs to the Kingdom and they Refused to do it When as Most of the same men without Summons and others at the first notice came flocking in to Swear the same things to Lewis For by the 14th of [6] Mat. Paris ut supra Lewis sends to the King of Scots to come and do him Homage June he had got Possession of so much of the Kingdom as he had the Confidence to Summon the King of Scots and all the Great Men of England to come and do him Homage or forthwith to Depart the Nation and with great speed upon his [7] Ibid. n. 20 And to the Barons Several of them Desert King John Edict There came into him William Earl Waren William Earl of Arundel William Earl of Salisbury William Marshal the Younger and many others who Deserted King Iohn with full assurance that Lewis would obtein the Kingdom of England Who made [8] Ibid. Simon Langton is made Chancellor He preaches against the Interdict Simon Langton his Chancellor by whose Preaching the Citisens of London and all the Excommunicated Barons caused Divine Service to be Celebrated and Drew in Lewis himself to consent to it Gualo the Legat [9] Ibid. n. 30. Gualo the Popes Legat comes into England He Excommunicates Lewis by name c. And Simon Langton followed Lewis into England with all speed and got safe to King Iohn who was then at Glocester and there calling together as many Bishops Abbats and Clercs as he could excommunicated by Name Lewis with all his accomplices and Favorers and especially Simon de Langton commanding all the Bishops and others to Publish the Sentence against them every Lords Day and Festival But Simon de Langton and Master Gervase de Hobrugge Praecentor of St. Pauls London said they had Appealed for the Right and Title of Lewis and therefore the Sentence was null and void At this Time [1] Ibidem The Flemings c. leave King John all the Knights and Ordinary Soldiers of Flanders and other Transmarine Countries left King Iohn except the Poictovins some whereof went over to Lewis and others returned home In the mean time [2] Ibid. n. 40. Lewis marcheth through Kent into Sussex Lewis with a Great Army Marched through Kent into Sussex and Reduced that Country with its Towns and Fortresses and City of Winchester with the Castle only one Brave Young Man [3] Ibid. And subdues that Country The Bravery of William de Colingeham William de Colingeham defied Lewis and refused to Swear Fealty to him who with a Thousand Archers all the time of Hostility kept himself in the Woods and Fastnesses of that Country and Killed several Thousands of the French Hugh de Nevill [4] Ibid. n. 50. Hugh Nevill Delivers Marleborough Castle to Lewis and did Homage to him came to Lewis at Winchester Delivered him the Castle of Malborough and did Homage to him so that he was possessed of all the South Parts of the Nation except the Castles of Dover and Windsor which were well Manned and fortified and prepared to receive him [5] Ibid. f. 283. lid 1. Robert Fitz-Walter c. by force subdue Essex and Suffolk William de Mandevil Robert Fitz-Walter and William de Huntingfield by Armed force brought under his Obedience the Counties of Essex and Suffolk In the [6] Ibid. lin 3. King John fortifies and strengthens his Castles in the West mean time King Iohn took care to Furnish and Strengthen as well as might be with Men Victuals and Armes several Castles in the West Walingford Corf Warham Bristoll the Devises and others In the Midst of these Successes Lewis received an Account from the [7] Ibid. n. 10. The Popes Answer to Lewis his Messengers Messengers he had sent to the Pope that upon their Application to him and presenting his Salutation or Complement he told them he was not worthy the return of his Salutation They replied when his Holiness had heard his Reasons and Apology they doubted not but he would find him a Catholic Christian and much Devoted to him and the Roman Church and at length after many addresses [8] Append. 135. He is wavering in his Thoughts and favors between King John and Lewis found him wavering Pendulous and Fluctuating in his stability and affection between himself and King Iohn having on both sides considered his Interest The Reasons and Arguments presented to the Pope in behalf of Lewis by his Messengers were these First The [9] Mat. Paris fol. 283. n. 30.40 The weak Arguments and answers mutually propounded and given between the Pope and Lewis his Envoyes for and against him Murther of Duke Arthur his Nephew as before and King Iohns being adjuged to Death by his Peers for that fact To which the Pope Answered the Barons of France could not Judge him because he was an anointed King and their Superior and that it was against the Canons to Judge an absent Person and not heard to make his Defence not Convicted or that had Confessed his Crime To which the Envoyes of Lewis answered It was a Custom in the Kingdom of France that the King had all Jurisdiction whatsoever omnimodam Jurisdictionem over his Liege Men. That the King of England was his Liege Man as
Castle William Mareschal Walo the Legate and Peter Bishop of Winchester and others who then managed the Affairs of the Kingdom Summoned all the Kings Castellans and Knights and those that were in Garrisons in diverse parts to meet at Newark on Whisun-Tuesday to go along with them to raise the Siege of Lincoln Castle They all shewed a great readiness to Fight with the Excommunicated French and very joyfully met at the place and day appointed With them went the Legate and many other Prelates to persue with Prayers and Arms all such as were disobedient to the King and Rebels to the Pope When they were all come together they were 400 Knights 250 Balisharii Cross-Bow-men and such [8] Ibid. fol. 295. n. 10. Esquires and Horsemen without number That if necessity required they would supply the place of Knights The chief were William Mareschal and William his Son Peter Bishop of Winchester well skilled in Martial Affairs Ranulph Earl of Chester The chief persons in that Army William Earl of Salisbury William Earl of â—errars William Earl of Albâ—marle And the Barons were William de Albiny John Mareschal William de Cantelupo and William his Son Falcasius Thomas Basset Robert de Veteri-Ponte Bryan de Insula Geofry de Lucie Philip de Albiney with many Castellans well exercised in Military Discipline They stayed three days at Newark They stayed three days at Newark for the refreshment of their Men and Horses where they were Confessed and fortified themselves by the Perception of the Lords Body and Blood Corporis sanguinis Dominici perceptione sese muniâ—bant against the Assaults of their Enemies On Friday in Whitsun-week after their Confession and receiving the Sacrament The Legate [9] Ibid. n. 20. shewed how unjust that cause was which Lewis and the Barons his Adherents had undertaken to defend for which they had been Excommunicated and separated from the Vnity of the Church And then by name Excommunicated Lewis The Legate encouraged the King's Army and all his Accomplices and Favorers and especially all those that Besieged Lincoln But to those who had undertaken this Expedition he gave a full Pardon and the promise of Eternal Salvation This so animated the Army that they triumphantly marched towards Lincoln fearing nothing but the Enemies flight before they came thither When the [1] Ibid. n. 30 40. Barons and French which were in the City heard of their approach they received the news with Scoffs and Laughter thinking themselves to be secure However Robert-Fitz-Walter and Saher Earl of Winton went out of the City to observe the motions and number of the Kings Forces when they returned They march in great order towards Lincoln they reported their March to be very orderly but that they exceeded them in number This Account gave no satisfaction to the Earl of Perch and the Mareschall [2] Ibid. n. 50. Wherefore they went out to take a View of the Kings Army The Advices and Counsels of the French Officers various which marched in such order that they were mistaken in their Observations and returned both deceived and uncertain the advices upon this were various at last it was agreed the Gates should be Locked up and Watches set to keep out their Enemies and every one to make ready for a defence and in the mean time to Batter and Assault the Castle which they thought could not long hold out When the Kings [3] Ibid. f. 296. n. 10. The Kings Army Assaults the City of Lincoln The Baroâ—s and French are heaten Army was come before that part of the City where the Castle stands the Castellans by a private Messenger gave them notice of every thing that was done within and moreover told them that if they would they might enter at the Postern gate of the Castle which was left open for them Falcacius accepts the offer and enters with all such as he commanded and the Cross-Bow-men whilst the rest of the Army made an assault upon the Northern gate And having from the Castle wounded and unhorsed some of the most forward and valiant Barons He suddenly issued out and very narrowly escaped being taken put them all into Confusion which gave an opportunity to the whole Army to enter A very great number yeilded to the Conquerors mercy But the Earl of Perch [4] Ibid. n. 30. The names of the cheif Prisoners that were taken refusing to yeild to any Englishman that had been a Traytor to his own King was slain Of the Chiefest Barons were taken Saher Earl of Winton Henry de Boun Earl of Hereford Gilbert de Gant whom Lewis had lately made Earl of Lincoln Robert Fitz-Walter Richard Munfichet William Mumbray William Beauchamp William Mandut Oliâ—er Harcourt Roger Cressy William Colevill William de Ros Robert Ropesle Ranulph Cheinduit and about 400 Knights 400 Knights c. taken besides Esquires Ordinary Horsemen and foot This Victory was obteined on the 19th of May being Saturday in Whitsun-Week The spoyl of the [5] Ibid. fol. 297. n. 10 20. The City and Cathedral Plundered City and Cathedral was given to the Soldiers for the Legat had commanded they should treat all Canonical persons as Excommunicated When they had made an end of Plundering William Mareschall commanded all his Castellans to return home with their Prisoners and keep them under a strict guard till they knew the Kings pleasure Lewis [6] Ibid. f. 2â—7 n. 50. Lewis sends to his Father and Wife for more Forces He afraid to Anger the Pope leaves all to his wife hearing of this great overthrow forthwith sent Messengers to his Father the King of France and to his Wife the Lady Blanch to send some speedy Succours The King fearing he should anger the Pope if he should assist his Son who was Excommunicated left it wholly to Lewis his Wife [7] Ibid. fol. 298. n. 10. She sends 300 Knights with other Forces They were met and Beaten at Sea who speedily sent 300 stout Knights with a great many Armed men under the Conduct of Eustachius a Monk After they were Shipped a brisk wind drove them toward the Coast of England but by the way several of the Kings Ships under the Command of Philip de Albiney met with them between whom was a bloody Sea fight [8] Ibid. n. 30. And most taken Prisoners At length the French seeing no hopes of Success or Escape some desperately leaped into Sea and the rest yeilded themselves Prisoners When the News of this defeat came to Lewis it more grieved him than the overthrow at Lincoln [*] Ibid. n. 40. Eustachius the Monks Head cut off Eustachius the Monk offered a great summ of Money for his Life but Richard the Bastard Son of King John calling him wicked Traytor Told him he should never deceive any man further with false promises and so cut off his head After this [9] Ibid. n. 50. William Earl Marshal Besiegeth London the Mareschall encompassed London with a
but heard his Pleasure and the Business he had with them from his Commissioners or Messengers Walter Archbishop of York Richard Earl of Cornwal and Walter Provost of Beverly By whom they advised the King to send to the King of France for amends if he had done any thing contrary to the form of the Truce between them and not to Declare War until the time of it was expired If he had done any Injury and that it could be proved and denyed Restitution they would assist him according to their Abilities They counted many Aids they had given him and remembred especially the last of a 30th part of their Moveables which was by stipulation to have been expended by the advice and oversight of four Barons for the Benefit of the King and Kingdom And seeing they had not heard of any expended by their Advice they did believe the King had all that Money by him which he might now make use of and told them the King by keeping many Bishopricks in his hands by the Escheats of the Lands of Earls Barons and Knights by Fines and Amerciaments his Itinerant Justices had set upon Counties Hundreds Cities Burghs and Towns had of late raised a great Summ of Money When the Kings Commissioners asked them What if the King of France should break the Truce before it expired And promised them in behalf of the King That if he had done any Injury to any of the great men he would make satisfaction according to the Judgement of Peter of Savoy and others of his Council To the first the Barons Answered as they had before concerning him To the Second they said they had heard those things formerly when they Granted the 30th part of their Moveables But whether they had been performed they left that to the King himself and so remained Resolute in not Granting the King an Ayd Not one Word here of any Billingsgate Language or Revileing of the King with which the Monks report doth very much abound When King Henry 's [2] fol. 582. n. 40. King Henry prepares for his Expedition The Earl of March his promise Designs were known to the King of France he prepared 24 Gallies to hinder the English from landing at Rochel in the mean time King Henry was only busied in providing money for the Earl of March had promised to procure Men enough Then Peter of Savoy Earl of Richmond and Peter [3] f. 583. n. 10. The Kings Messengers to the Poictovins hardly escaped the French Bishop of Hereford were sent into Poictou to secure the King of England what assistance and friends they could among the Poictovins But both of them very hardly escaped being taken by the French returned again to England without effecting any thing to purpose Against Easter [4] Ibid. n. 20. The Kings Summons to the Military Men not in the usual Tenor. He commits the Kingdom to the Arch-Bishop of York and passes over Sea A contract between his Daughter and the King of Scots eldest Son the King sent out Summons to those that ought him Military Service to meet him at Portsmouth not with Horse and Arms according to the usual tenor but in lieu of their Service with a great Summe of Money cum Magna pecuniae summa Then the King having committed the custody of the Kingdom to the Arch-bishop of York and received into his favor the Bishop of Chichester formerly his Chancellor and recalled Ralph Fitzâ—Nicholas and Godfrey Craucumb he took Ship at Portsmouthâ— with Queen Alienor Earl Richard and seven other Earls and landed in Gascoigny where they were received by Reginald de Pontibus and the Great Men of that Country and for the better secuâ—y of his Affairs at home a Marriage was agreed upon between â—lexander Eldest son to the King of Scots and Margaret his Daughter and that part of the Kingdom which bordered upon Scotland was committed to the Care of that King at the time he should be beyond Sea The King of France was not idle all this while but [5] fol. 584. n. 30 40. The number and quality of the French Army prepared a great Army which consisted of 4000 Knights exactly Armed and 20000 Esquires or Servants Crossbow men and Common Soldiers besides a dayly confluence of men from all parts of his Dominions towards Poictou He marched with his Army and set down before Fontenâ—y a Castle of the Earl of March In the time of the Siege the King of England sent Ralph Fitz Nicholas and Nicholas de Molis to the King of France to [6] fol. 587. n. 10 King Henry sendeth Messengers to the King of France They are kindly received and Answered declare War unless he would submit to his desires The King of France received them very kindly and answered that he was so far from breaking the Truce that he was willing it should be continued [7] Ibid. n. 30. three years longer and would consent he should have delivered to him the greatest part of Normandy and Poictou but wondred his Cousin of England should think that he infringed the Truce in the least when he endeavoured only to correct and repress the insolence of his own men suos homines that proved Rebels and Traytors to him and that he should be so much concerned for the Earls of March and Thoulouse and thought he had violated the Truce in receiving and incouraging his Rebellious Subjects and Enemies With this Answer the [8] fol. 588. lin 1. King Henry refuseth the offers of the King of France Messengers returned to the King of England who would not hear of renewing the Truce but sent some Hospitallers in his Name to defie the King of France who now began to [9] Ibid. n. 10. The King of France concerned for the Oath of his Father Lewis to King Henry His scruples are satisfied His Successes against the Earl of March his Castles repent he had made so fair Overtures for Peace and expressed his Sorrow that the King of England should be thus wheadled by the Earls of March and Tholouse and shewed himself most concerned for the Oath his Father Lewis had made to King Henry when he left England But one of his Great Men replyed That that Oath was mutual and that the King of England had violated his part when he broke his promise to Lewis his Accomplices and caused Constantine a Citizen of London to be hanged for defending your Fathers Honor. This satisfyed the Kings Scruples and then he proceeded to make a vigorous attack upon the Castle which after 15 days Siege was taken by assault contrary to the confidence of all the Poictovins and the Earl of March his Son and all his Accomplices were made Prisoners When some that were about the King advised that they might be executed for a Terror to other Rebels He replyed The Son obeyed his Father They all Surrender or Capitulate and the rest the Command of their Lord and upon that Account neither of them deserved Death
If the Treasury of Octavian were to be sold the City of London were able to purchase it This year on the 13th of October [7] fol. 751. n. 10 20. A new Fair proclaimed at Westminster to hold 15 days the King with many Prelates and Great met at London to celebrate the Memory of the Translation of St. Edward and caused a New Fair to be proclaimed at Westminster to continue 15 days and prohibited all other Fairs that used to be kept at that time of the year throughout all England and also all Trading in the City of London within Doors and without during that time That this Fair at Westminster might be the more plentifully stored and frequented with all sorts of Goods and People This year the Pope [8] fol 754. n. 30 40 50. The Pope sendeth his Italians to be Beneficed in England continued his Extortions from and Oppressions of the English and sent his Italians to be without delay beneficed in England whereof One was sent to the Abbat of Abendune who made choice of the Church of St. Helens in the same Town worth 100 Marks by the year and the same day it became void the King send 's his Mandate to the Abbat to confer it upon * Adelmar afterwards Elect of Winchester The Abbat of St. Albans cited to Rome for refusing to accept one Ethelmarus his Brother by the Mothers side and the King would protect and indemnify him The Abbat yielded to the Kings Command Upon this the Pope cited the old Abbat to appear before him at Rome who being deserted by the King was constrained to take that wearisom and tedious Journey where after many difficulties and expences he compounded for fifty Marks A. D. 1â—49 In the year 1249. the King kept his [9] fol. 757. n. 20. Christmass at London and required of the Citisens New-years gifts Then he sent to the [1] fol. 758. n. 10 20 30 40 50. The Kings wants press him to ask Money of his Subjects Citisens of London to supply him with Money which they received with a heavy Heart and complained That that Liberty which was so often bought granted and Sworn to would not now distinguish them from Slaves of the meanest rank but at length with great reluctancy were constrained to pay 2000 pounds but this would not satisfy the Kings wants therefore he was forced to apply himself to his Great men one by one and requested them to Lend him Money both to supply his Necessities and pay his Debts and also to inable him to recover those Rights the King of France had invaded And in a most Submissive Manner made his urgent Necessities known to the Prelates and Abbats and begged of them either to give or lend him such or such a Sum of Money but could obtain nothing but Excuses or denyals unless from the Abbat of St. Albans from whom he received Sixty Marks This encouraged the King to hope the like success from other Prelates and Abbats and accordingly [2] fol. 759. lin 3. wrote to those of Essex and Hertford to Lend him Money for his present Necessities and gave them his promise Faithfully to repay the same This year [3] Ibid. n 20. Nicholas Bishop of Durham resigned his Bishopric Nicholas Bishop of Durham being sensible of his great Age and infirmity resigned his Bishopric and withdrew himself from all public Affairs to a private Life The King recommended [4] Ibid. n. 50. The King recommended his brother Ethelmar to the Convent The Monks refuse to choose him Aethelmarus his Brother to the Convent and by Messengers and repeated Entreaties would have persuaded them to choose him to be their Bishop To whom they replied that He had at his Coronation sworn to preserve the Church's Liberty and that the person recommended was neither of sufficient Age or Learning for so great a Charge The King Answered [5] fol. 760. lin 4. Then He would keep the Bishopric eight or nine Years in his hands and by that time He would be capable of it This year in June [6] fol. 767. n. 20. S. Montfort Earl of Leycester subdued the rebellious Gascoigns Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester although he had undertaken the Crusado passed over Sea into Gascoigny and subdued all that were in rebellion against King Henry and in every thing behaved himself with such fidelity and Courage that he gained the applause of all the Kings friends and the Name of a trusty Patriot This year on the 3d of July [7] fol. 770. n. 40. The King of Scots death dyed Alexander King of Scotland In the year 1250. King Henry kept his [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Christmass at Winchester and after the celebration came to London At the same time [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Cincia Earl Richards Wife was brought to bed of a Son who was named Edmund Soon after many of the [9] Ibid. n. 50. Many of the Nobility and Bishops go over Sea Nobility of England for reasons not known passed over Sea Among whom were Richard Earl of Cornwal and the Earl of Glocester Henry de Hastings a Baron Roger de Turkebi and many other Nobles Besides the Bishops of Lincoln London and Worcester And with them the Archdeacons of Oxford and Bedford and many other Clercs On the Seventh of March the King and many of the Nobility and Clergy undertook the Crusado The King Noblemen and Clercs undertake the Crusado [1] Ibid. n. 50. There were in all about 500 Knights besides an innumerable Number of Esquires and Common Souldiers In May [2] fol. 777. n. 30 40 50. Earl Richard kindly received and treated by the Pope Earl Richard returned into England from the Court of Rome where he was received and treated both by the Pope and the Cardinals in a most Pompous and Magnificent manner to the admiration not only of the Citizens but of all strangers that were present at his entrance and saw his entertainment which Occasioned various Conjectures but most then thought That the Pope knew he was both Rich and Ambitious and at that time designed to promote him to the Empire At the same time the [3] fol. 779. n. 40. The Great men return into England again Earls of Glocester and Leycester with many other Great men and Prelates returned into England About Midsummer there was great [4] fol. 783. n. 10. Great Stirs in London about some Liberties of the City Stir in the City of London about some Liberties of the Citisens the King had granted to the Abbat of Westminster the Maior with the whole Community of the City made their complaint to the King but could obtain no Remedy Then they applied themselves to Earl Richard and to the Earl of Leycester and some other Great men who went to the King and severely blamed him for infringing those Charters
July following he returned again to Court and was reconciled to the King upon the payment of 2000 Marks About this time [3] fol. 815. n. 10. Ethelmar's Election confirmed by the Pope The Pope's unreasonable Message to to King Henry Ethelmarus the Kings Brother by the Mothers side was by the Pope approved of and confirmed in the Bishopric of Winster At the same time the Pope sent to the King to make a yearly allowance of 500 Marks for the maintenance of the Duke of Burgundy's Son a Young Child This year Wales was [4] fol. 816. n. 10. Wales receiveth the English Government and Laws wholly subdued and received the English Laws and that part of it which Borders upon Cheshire was committed to the Government of Alan de Zouch who answered to the King 1100 Marks by the year About this time [5] fol. 817. n. 50. fol. 818. lin 1. The Pope violateth his own Indulgence granted to the English the Pope sent [5] fol. 817. n. 50. fol. 818. lin 1. The Pope violateth his own Indulgence granted to the English John de Camecava his Nephew and Chaplain into England with Letters to the Abbat and Convent of St. Albans commanding them to confer upon him the Parsonage of Wendgrave or any other Benefice that belonged to their Patronage if desired by the above Named John when it became voyd notwithstanding that Indulgence or Priviledge lately granted to the English that Benefices of Roman Clerc's that should become vacant either by Cession or Death should not be conferred on any Italians After that Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester [6] fol. 825. n. 50. The Earl of Leycesters success against the Rebellious Gascoigns had by various successes against the Rebels in Gascoigny broken their strength and had taken Chastellion a Castle of great importance to them and their common refuge He together with his Wife and [7] fol. 828. lin 1. He returned into England with Guido the Kings third Brother Earl Guido de Lusignan the Third Brother of the King by the Mothers side Landed at Dover in November When the King had Notice of it He commanded his Great men and Citisens of London to receive his Brother with all solemnity and signs of joy And after he had supplied his wants by the Kings bounty he returned home plentifully furnished with Riches A. D. 1252. In the year 1252. King Henry kept his [8] fol. 829. n. 10 20 30. Margaret the Kings Daughter is married to Alexander King of Scots Christmass at York because his Daughter Margaret being now of full age was to be solemnly marryed to Alexander the Young King of Scots And for the more glorious celebration of these Nuptials there met a very great confluence of the Clergy and Nobility not only of England and Scotland but several from France On Christmass day King Henry Knighted Alexander King of Scots and the next day very soon in the Morning He was Married to the Kings Daughter [9] Ibid. n 50. He doeth Homage to King Henry for lands held of him King Henry requires his homage for the Kingdom of Scotland The King of Scots Answer Then He did Homage to the King of England for Lowthian and some other Lands he held of him and after that It was demanded that he should do the same Homage and Fidelity to his Lord the King of England for the Kingdom of Scotland as his Predecessors had formerly done To which the King of Scots replyed That he came thither in a peaceable manner and by Marriage of his Daughter to unite himself more close to him but not prepared to give an Answer to such hard Questions for he had not consulted his Nobility about so difficult an Affair When the King heard this modest reply he would not press him any further at present lest the designed mirth and jollity of the Nuptial Solemnity should be thereby disturbed Soon after the Pope [1] fol. 83. n. 50. The Pope sollicite's King Henry to assist the King of France wrote to the King to hasten his preparation for the Holy Land to prosecute the Vow he lay under and give what Ayd and Relief he could to the King of France And if He would not go in person not to hinder others who stood obliged by the same Vow The King to shew his readiness to answer the Popes request took great quantities of Money from the Jews nor were his Christian Subjects spared In the Spring following the [2] fol. 832. n. 30 40 50. The Gascoigns accusation against the Earl of Leycester He pleads his innocency and Merits before the King He is again sent into Gascoigny He executes his Malice and revenge on his Accusers Noblemen of Gascoigny sent over their complaints to the King against Simon Earl of Leycester accusing him of Vnfaithfulness and Treachery When the Earl heard of what was laid to his charge He went to the King and pleaded his Innocency and wondred he should give more Credit to his Rebellious Gascoigns than to him who had given such proofs of his Fidelity To whom the King replied That if he were Innocent a strict inquiry would render him the more Eminent The Earl being calmed and humbled by this Answer of the Kings was again furnished with Money for his return into Gascoigny which he hastened as much as possible that he might execute his Malice and revenge on those that had accused him to the King And He did it with such rigor at his return that all Gascoigny had [3] fol. 833. lin 4. revolted from their Allegiance to the King of England and sought out a New Lord could they have found any other Country to have sold their Wines with such advantage to themselves Soon after the Great men of Gascoigny agreed to send [4] 836. n. 10. The Gascoigns repeat their complaints against him to the King solemn Messengers to the King of England to acquaint him how his faithful Subjects in that Country were inhumanely treated by the Earl of Leycester and drew up the charge or Accusation against him which was Testified by the Seals of their Cities Great men Castellans and Bayliffs And this was carried to the King by the Archbishop of Burdeaux and several Great men [5] Ibid. n. 30. who landed in England about Whitsuntide and found the King at London before whom they laid a lamentable [6] fol. 838. n. 40 â—0 The King not very ready to credit them complaint of the Treachery and Tyranny of the Earl of Leycester The King would not give a hasty belief to their complaints because he had found them Traytors when he was in Gascoigny But waited till the return of Nicholas de Molis and Drâ—gâ— Valentin whom he had sent thither to enquire into the Truth of their accusation At their Return they [7] fol. 836. n. 40 50. reported to the King that they found some had been inhumanely treated by the Earl but as they believed according
called a Parlement at Winchester by Advice whereof the Liberties of the City of London were seised for their Rebellion and the greatest Offenders committed to Prison to be punished at the Kings Pleasure This Parlement also [4] Append. n. 223. The Parlement gave the King the Rebels Lands gave the King all the Rebels Lands and he appointed two Commissioners in each County who with the Sheriff were to Extend them and return the Extent with the names of the Lands and the names of those whose Lands they were to him at Westminster by the Feast of St. Edward that is the 13th of October and they were to appoint two Collectors in every Hundred to Collect Michaelmass Rent and to deliver them a Note what it was This Commission bears Date at Winchester the 21st of September Paris says The King grants them to his faithful Subjects The King on the Feast of St. Edward Disinherited all that stood with Montfort and gave their Lands to those that had faithfully served him according to their Merits f. 999. lin 7. On the sixth of October the King [5] Append. n. 224. His Writ to the Guardians of the City of London wrote to his four Guardians of his City of London Humfry de Bohun Earl of Hereford John de Bailol Roger de Leyburn and Robert Walerand That whereas the Mayor Citizens and whole Comunity of the City aforesaid had as well concerning their Lives and Limbs as their Lands Tenements Goods and other things whatsoever submitted themselves to the Kings pleasure Therefore they were to cause Proclamation to be made That his Peace should be firmly kept in the City and parts adjoyning to preserve it from being plundred On the same day the King [6] Append. N. 225. He makes Philip de Covel Sheriff of Middlesex directed his Writ to all such as had Business at the County Court for Middlesex that because he had not then appointed a Sheriff in that County he commanded them to submit to and obey Philip de Conel or Covel as his Sheriff who was to hold the Court for that day On the same [7] Pat. 49. H. 3. N. 21. He gave the Lands of two Citizens of London to his Son Edward day he declares he had given all the Lands and Goods of Thomas Diwelesdon and Michael Thâ—ny Citizens of London to his Son Edward On the 15th of October the King [8] Pat. 49. H 3. M. 4. He commits the Custody of London to Hugh Fâ—tz-Oto during pleasure committed the Custody of the City and Tower of London to Hugh Fitz Oto during pleasure answering the profits of them at the Exchequer and Roger Leyburn was commanded to deliver them and the Citizens and Community of London were commanded to be answerable and submit to him in all things appertaining to his Guardianship This year died Pope Vrban the 4th to whom succeeded [9] Mat. Westm f. 396. N. 50. Pope Vrban the 4th dies and Clement the 4th Succeeds Clement the 4th before his Consecration he was Guido Bishop of la Sabina a Cardinal and Legat sent for England but the [1] Ibid. f. 397. lin 6. Ottobâ—n sent a Legat into England Barons and Bishops would not suffer him to Land there when he was come as far as Bologne in France and therefore he Excommunicated several of the Bishops He at the Request of King Henry sent Ottobon Deacon-Cardinal of St. Adrian Legat into England and Crowned [2] Paris f. 999. n. 50. A. D. 1266. 50 Hen. 3. Those that were forced to serve against the King had their Lands restored Charles Brother to the King of France King of Sicily at Rome Many persons pretended and pleaded for themselves That against their Wills they were forced into the Service of Simon Montfort The King directed his Writ to the [3] Claus 50 H. 3. M. 10. Dors Sheriffs of several Counties to make Inquisition whether it was so or not and if found to be so they had seisin of their Lands again so as they stood to Right in the Kings Court. Dated November 6. The men of the Cinque-Ports that were the Kings Enemies and had taken part with the Earl of Leycester committed Rapin and Piracy at Sea The King [4] Claus 50. H. 3. M. 9. Dors wrote to the Bayliffs and Good men of Yarmouth to set forth 20 Ships with 40 men in every Ship at least to be at Sandwich by the first of January to Chase and Fight with and take his Enemies Dated November 24. The City and Tower of London and County of Middlesex with all Appertinencies were [5] Pat. 50. H. 3. M. 41. n. 117. The King appoints two Keepers of London during pleasure committed to the Custody of John Walerand and John de la Lind during pleasure to answer the Profits arising from them at the Exchequer and Hugh Fitz Oto was commanded to deliver them Dated November 28. The King sent his [6] Claus 50. â— 3. M. 8. Dors He commands all his Military Tenants to attend him at Northampton Precepts to all the Sheriffs in England to make Proclamation in their respective Counties That all who held of him in Capite and ought him service should be at Northampton on the 27th of January to go against his Enemies in the Castle of Kenelworth and other Straglers that would renew the War if not prevented Dated December the 20th at Northampton The Abbot of Peterburgh [7] Ibidem made fine and compounded with the King for this Expedition only at Fourscore Marks The King at [8] Paris f. 1000. n. 20. Simon Montfort the younger submits to the Kings pleasure Christmas was at Northampton with his Queen The King of Almain and the Legat by the mediation of friends Simon Montfort the younger submitted himself to the Judgment of the Legat the King of Almain his Uncle and Philip Basset and left it to them to make what Terms for him they thought fit with the King saving to himself his Life and Limbs and excepting perpetual Imprisonment Simon was brought to the King and it was [9] Ibid. n. 30. Kenelworth Castle refuse to yield Determined he should deliver the Castle of Kenelworth to the King and depart the Kingdom and receive out of the Exchequer every year 500 Marks until there should be a Peace established But those within the Castle not liking these Conditions would neither yield it to the King nor Simon who was yet under a Guard and said they received not the Castle to defend from Simon but from the Countess his Mother and would surrender it to none but her and that in her presence The Citizens of London made [1] Pat. 50. H. 3. M. 35. Cedula The City of London Fined and pardoned and restored under Conditions Fine to the King for their Offences toward him his Queen Richard King of Almain his Brother and his Son Edward 2000 Marks for which he pardoned their Transgressions and Excesses omnes
recover it self Secondly They required the Churches might be [6] Paris ut supra Taxed by Lay-men according to the just and true value They answered It was not reasonable but contrary to Justice that Lay-men should meddle with Collecting of Tenths nor would they ever consent to a new way of Taxing but that the old should stand Thirdly That the Bishops and Abbats would pay the Tenths of their Baronies and Lay-fees fully according to the true and highest value To this they answered They were impoverished by [7] Ibid. f. 1003. lin 1. Depredations and Plundering That they followed the King in his Expeditions and spent so much Money that they were grown very poor and their Lands lay Vntilled by Reason of the War Fourthly They required that all Clercs [8] Ibid. n. 10. holding Baronies or Lay-Fee should go armed in their own Persons against the Kings Enemies or find so much Service Tantum Servitium as belong to their Land or Tenement To this they answered They ought not to fight with the Material but Spiritual Sword to wit with Prayers and Tears And that by their Benefices or Fees they were bound to maintain Peace not War And that they held their Barony in Frank-Almoign in puris Eleemosynis in pure Alms and therefore ought no Military Service but what was certain and would not perform any that was new Fifthly They required on the behalf of the [9] Ibid. n. 20. Pope That with all speed the Expedition of the Cross might be Preached through the whole Kingdom To this they answered That a great part of the People had been killed in War and that if now they should undertake the Crusado few or none would be left to defend the Nation At last it was said that the [1] Ibid. Prelates Will they Nill they were bound to comply with all these Demands by the Oath they had taken at Coventry that they would assist the King by all means they might or could To this they answered That when they made that Oath they only meant it of Spiritual help and wholesome Counsel Quando Juramentum fecerunt non intelligebant de alio Auxilio quam spirituali Consilioque salubri What was done further in Parlement I find not there was then no attempt made against the Disinherited within the Isle of Ely only they were [2] Mat. West f. 198. n. 20. restrained from making Excursions by the Forces the King had with him at Cambridge In the mean while the [3] Ibid. n. â—0 40. The Earl of Glocester enters London with a great Army He sent to the Legat to deliver up the Tower to him Earl of Glocester came with a great Army out of Wales to London and pretending to serve the King by the help of the Citizens that were his Friends entred the City and sent to the Legat to Deliver the Tower to him forthwith and prohibited all people to send in any Provision or Victuals to him The Rabble of the Cities and Country near it joyned with him they Plundered and spoyled what Citizens they pleased that they thought were not or they would not have their friends wasted the Countries and Robbed and Pillaged by Water and Land The King when first he heard of his preparations sent into the North and other parts for Recruits and his Son [4] Ibid. f. 399. lin 4. The King raises an Army to reduce him Edward brought from thence and from Scotland to his Father at Cambridge 30000 Men with which leaving a sufficient Guard there against the Disinherited in the Isle of Ely they marched to Windsor where their Army Dayly increased [5] Ibid. lin 6 7 8. The Earl with his Company in London began to fear the King and sent a Message to him for Peace upon their own Propositions which they could not obtain Then they Challenged and provoked the King to a Battel upon Hundeslawe now Hundsâ—o Heath Next Day the King Marched thither but found no Enemy From thence the King Marched to [6] Ibid. n. 10. Stratford where came to him the Earls of Bolongn and St. Paul out of France with 200 Knights and their Retinue the Gascoins likewise with many great Ships furnished with all sorts of Warlike Naval Arms fit for fight arrived near the Tower expecting the Kings Command [7] Ibid. n. 20 The Earl seeing he could not get the Tower out of the Legats Hands and that his Army was like to be shut up in the City applyed himself to Richard King of Almain and Philip Basset [8] Pat. 51. Hen. 3. M. 16. n. 49. De pace inter Regem G. Com. Gloucestr He sues for peace and pardon and obtains it for himself and his followers who made his Peace with the King he resolving to believe whatsoever they should say of or for him By which Peace he and all his Retinue and the Company with him the Londoners likewise and all his favorers were [9] Ibid. Pardoned for all Deeds done from his first motion out of Wales as well by Water as by Land in the City and without and in divers Counties which Pardon was not to Extend to the Disinherited that were not in the Kings Peace the Day the Earl began to March from Wales toward London And that the King might be assured he never should make War against him afterward he [1] Ibid. What securâ—ty he gave tâ— King for his future behaâ—viour offered his Oath his Chart Pleges and the penalty of 10000 Marks for security This Accord bears Date at Stratford June the 15 th the 51 st year of this Kings Reign and the Pardon June 16 th From the beginning of April when he set forth from Wales to this time he had been harrassing of the Countries where-ever he came and the City during his being there The King seeing he could not prevail with the Bishops and other Prelates to assist him with Mony in his very great Necessity The Bishops refuse to asâ— the King wiâ— Mony applyed himself to the Pope who by his [2] Cart. 5 Hen. 3. M. 1 in Câ—dula Bull wherein he recites all the affronts and injuries done to the King Queen and Prince by the Barons and the Miseries that befel them and the whole Kingdom and Church by those Wars with the Kings Extream want of Monies and Debts by reason thereof and the necessity of supplying him for the better support and defence of his Kingdom the Churches and his Peoples Liberties Especially by the Clergy The Pope granteth the King a tenth of all Ecclesitastic Revenâ—nues for thrâ— years who had received such Bountiful Gifts and Endowments from him and his Ancestors Granted the Tenth part of the Profits and Rents of all Arch-Bishopricks Monasteries and all Ecclesiastical persons whatsoever as well Regular as Secular Exempt as not Exempt in England Wales and Ireland for three years according to the true and highest value notwithstanding all former Bulls and Exemptions to the contrary This
to a Parliament in France f. 633. E. F. They summon three Knights of every County to meet them at St. Albans f. 637. F. They arm themselves and seize the Kings Towns f. 639. D. The Articles of Peace between them and the King f. 640. A. Their Letter and Offer to the King f. 641. A. C. They force the King to consent to a new Form of Government f. 643 644 645. They send to the Popes Legate and King of France to confirm their proceedings Ibid. C. They and Montfort overthrown by Prince Edward and the King set at Liberty f. 652. C. D. All of them that adhered to Montfort disinherited f. 653. E. A time set them to come in and make their Peace f. 656. B. They enter and possess themselves of the Isle of Ely f. 657. F. Their Forfeitures turned into Compositions f. 658. B. C. Their Answers to the Legates Admonitions f. 659. F. Their insolent Demands of the King f. 660. E. Gilbert Basset falls under the Kings Displeasure f. 555. A. He is received into the Kings Favour and Council f. 560. E. F. Bastardy no bar to inheritance of Princes f. 186. A. Batavians who they were and where they dwelt f. 26. B. Battel or Duel what it was and when granted f. 66. C. D. The manner of claiming by it f. 147. E. F. Bailiffs what they were in Normandy and their Power f. 162. A. Bailiwick what it anciently was f. 153. F. Thomas Becket His Birth Education and first Preferment f. 378. C. D. E. He is made Chancellor to Henry the Second his popular Entertainments f. 302. C. and 379. A. Kings and Noblemen Sons committed to his trust Ibid. B. Noblemen and Knights do him Homage Ibid. C. He Swears Homage to Prince Henry f. 304. C. His Great Bounty Liberality and Retinue f. 379. C. D. He is chosen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury f. 304. D. 379. E. F. He altered his manner of living f. 380. A. The Kings mind alienated from him Ibid. B. C. D. He mainteined the Exemption of Clercs from Secular Power and Jurisdiction f. 381. A. B. and 389. B. C. His Answer to the Kings Demands whether he would observe his Royal Customs f. 381. C. and 390. A. B. He consents to own the Kings ancient Laws f. 382. C. D. and 390. C. D. He repents of what he had done f. 382. F. 390. E. His attempt to go over Sea hindred f. 383. A. The Controversie between him and John Mareschal Ibid. B. C. He is cited into the Kings Court but did not appear Ibid. D. E. He is accused of Treason for refusing f. 384. C. Judgment demanded and pronounced against him and his submission to the Sentence Ibid. D. and 385. A. 390. F. He is Prosecuted in two other Cases f. 385. B. C. D. He was advised by the Bishops to compound with the King Ibid. E. He appeals to the Pope f. 386. C. E. His answer to the Kings demand whether he would stand to the judgment of his Court f. 393. A. He prohibited the Bishops from medling in his Case f. 387. A. He was minded of his Oath at Clarendon and his Answer Ibid. C. D. E. F. His Demeanor before the King f. 391 E. The Kings complaint against him Ibid. F. His Answer to the Barons f. 388. C. He took Ship at Sandwich and Landed at Graveling f. 389. A. He is owned and judged a perjured Traytor by the King Bishops and Great men f. 392. A. E. His obstinate Answer to the Earl of Leicester Ibid. F. He was kindly received by the French King f. 393. C. 397. A. The Pope would hear nothing against him Ibid. E. He is charged by the King with 30000 l. but pleads his Discharge Ibid. F. He asserted Kings received their power from the Church f. 395. A. 400. l. 2. His Speech or Epistle to the King Ibid. C. D. E. His reservations and Threats Ibid. F. He Nulls the Kings Laws and Excommunicates the Abettors of them f. 396. A. B. C. His Revenues and Possessions Seized Ibid. F. His Relations Banished f. 397. l. 2. The Pope writes in his behalf to the King and Bishops Ib. B. C. D. His Suffragan Bishops write to him in the Kings behalf f. 398. B. c. His Answer to their Letter f. 399. E. c. He Excommunicated such as adhered to the King f. 400. D. E. F. 406. B. C. And all that received Benefices from Lay-men f. 401. A. A meeting between the King and him Ibid. C. The Kings offer to him approved by the French King Ib. D. E. F. The great men of England and France against him f. 402. l. 1. He is reconciled to the King but soon breaks ff Ibid. E. He excites the Pope against the King f. 403. A. He suspended the Arch-Bishop of York for Crowning young Henry and the Bishop of Durham f. 404. E. F. He is again reconciled to the King f. 405. C. D. His return into England f. 406. B. He Excommunicated all the Bishops that were present at young Henry's Coronation Ibid. C. D. He was Murdred by 4 Knights while he was at Mass Ibid. E. He was Canonized for a Saint and famed for Miracles f. 413. A. B. C His Translation Ibid. D. E. The Riches of his Shrine f. 414. A. A Jubilee for him once in 50 years Ibid. B. C. Becket Fair why so called f. 413 F. Robert de Belismo Summoned to Tryal by Henry 1. His Crimes f. 237. E. He fled and fortified his Castles f. 238. A. B. His Estate and Honors taken from him in England Ibid. E. His great strength and possessions in Normandy Ibid. F. He burnt the Abby of Almanisca and beat Duke Robert f. 239. B. C. Duke Robert made a Peace with him without the Kings knowledge f. 240. A. B. His cruelty and inhumanity to such as favoured King Henry Ibid. F. He is impeached and imprisoned by the Kings Court f. 245. E. Beneficia the same with Feuda among the Germans f. 72. B. Stephen Berkstede Bishop of Chichester promised Heaven to such as dyed fighting for the Barons f. 645. B. Robert Fitz Bernard made Governor of Waterford and Wexford f. 360. F. Bibroci who they were f. 10. l. 2. Hugh Bigot Burned Norwich f. 318. B. Roger made Earl Mareschal f. 596. l. 1 Hugh chosen Justiciary by the Baron f. 628. E. Margaret Biset discovered a Plot against the Life of Hen. 3. f. 571. D. Bishoprics when first removed from Villages to Cities f. 215. A. B. Bishops Chief Justices of England f. 151. B. c. They oppose Augustin and refuse Subjection to Rome f. 103. D. Their complaint to King Hen. 3. of Injuries offered to the Church f. 574. B. They are Seconded by the Chapters Ibid. C. They are imposed on by the Pope in the Council at Lyons f. 595. E. A new oppression put upon them by the Pope Ibid. F. They absent themselves from a Council at London f. 597. C. They are forced to make large Contributions to the
put Normans in their room f. 213. A. B. He allowed no Pope to be owned but by his Command Ibid. C. He suffered not his Barons to be excommunicated without his leave Ibid. D. He distinguished Ecclesiastic from Civil Jurisdiction f. 214. C. What privileges he granted to Battle Abby Ibid. F. He refused to become the Popes Feudatary f. 215. A. His Death and Issue Ibid. D. E. F. William Rufus second Son to the Conqueror brought his Fathers Donation to Lanfranc f. 217. C. D. Who were his greatest Assistants in gaining the Crown Ib. E. F. Duke Roberts friends opposed his Succession f. 218. C. D. E. The Natural English and all the Bishops took his part f. 219. A. Rochester Castle surrendred to him on conditions Ibid. D. The Arts by which he setled himself f. 220. l. 3. A Peace between him and his Brother Robert Ibid. D. E. He was much caressed by all for his bounty f. 221. D. A Conspiracy against him in England discovered f. 222. A c. His Brother Robert Morgaged Normandy to him f. 223. A. Aquitain pawned to him by William Duke of Poictou fol. 224. B. C. He was slain before he could take possession of it Ibid. D. Ecclesiastic Affairs in his Reign f. 225. The great Controversie between him and Anselm f. 226 227 228 229 230. He was accused by Eadmer for Judaizing f. 231. C. His Revenue as great as his Fathers Ibid. D. E. F. William King of Scotland taken Prisoner by the English f. 317. F. He did Homage to Henry the Second King of England f. 323. F. The Agreement between both Kings sealed f. 324. D. He offered 5000 Marks towards the Holy War f. 344. F. His Demands of King Richard and his Answer f. 443. A. B. His Demands of King John by his Envoys f. 462. C. He was admonished in his sleep not to invade England f. 464. B. He did Homage to K. John then made his demands f. 468. C. F. William Earl of Pembroke Protector to Henry the Third vid. Mareschal William de Warrenna restored to his Earldom by Henry the First fol. 237. C. William Son to Duke Robert set up by the Norman Great Men fol. 247. C. D. He was Married to the Sister of Alice Queen of France fol. 253. C. He claimed Normandy but was rejected Ibid. He was made Earl of Flanders by King Lewis Ibid. D. He was slain before Alost Castle Ibid. E. Duke Roberts Issue extinct in him Ibid. F. William Eldest Son to Henry the First married the Earl of Anjou's Daughter f. 248. C. He and 300 more drowned in their return from France fol. 252. A. B. William Abbat of St. Osiths chosen Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 269. C. He scrupled to Crown K. Stephen but was satisfied f. 273. A. William with the Beard caused a Sedition in London is taken and hanged f. 448. A. William Witham vid. Robert Tweng Winchester made a Bishops See f. 105. F. Wings of Soldiers what they were and their number f. 45. F. Wisigoth-Laws by whom composed f. 60. C. Witena-Gemotes what they were f. 112. E. Worcester the Bishops Plea for Recovery of Lands f. 141. B. The City taken and burnt by the Citizens of Glocester f. 280. B. The Rapine of the Soldiers there Ibid. D. E. Earl Walerans revenge for destruction of the City Ibid. fol. 281. B. Earl Philip made Governour of Ireland f. 372. A. Writ of Right where first brought f. 144. D. Now become obsolete f. 150. E. To whom directed and by whom executed f. 151. A. Of William Rufus for assembling the County f. 143. B. C. Y. YOrk the Arch-bishop to make his Profession of Obedience to the Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 264. F. He contended with the Bishop of London about Crowning the King f. 265. A. FINIS
them but were soon repelled by them they being more in number and better armed At length Harold comes up with a Potent Army and gives them Battel at (l) Alias Battle Bridge upon the River Derwent not far from York Stanford Bridge where though the Norwegians made a stout and obstinate resistance yet at length the English obtained the Victory Harfager and Tosto with the greatest part of their Army being slain and most of their Fleet taken only Oslaus Harfager's Son and Paul Earl of Orcades had liberty to depart with twenty Ships they leaving a vast (m) Here was so much Gold as seven lusty young men could carry besides other rich Spoils all which Harold taking to his own use disgusted his Army Treasure behind them Gul. Pictav 197. A. 198. A William was not idle all this while but calling together the great men of his Country consults with them and propounds the Conquest of England to the chief of them who disswade him from the attempt as a thing too difficult to be effected and beyond the Power and Force of Normandy and which might change the excellent State of their Country into a miserable Condition Gul. Pictav 197. A. B. There were then in Normandy besides Bishops and Abbots several Lay-men knowing and able to advise such were Robert Earl of Mortaign half Brother to William Robert Earl of Ou Richard Earl of Eureux Son of Robert Archbishop of Roan Roger Beaumont Roger Montgomery William Fitzh-Osborn Hugo vicecom Ibidem and Viscount Hugh these he consulted with but so as the result of all things was left to the Duke himself how many Ships to equip and with what Men and Armes and at length every one chearfully makes ready what was charged upon him according to his Possessions and the value of his Estate and having prepared a great number of Ships and a great Army of Normans Flemmings Malms de gest Reg. fol. 56. a. n. 50. Geâ—er de duc Nor. l. 6. c. 34. French Poictovins Aquitans and Britans both Horse and Foot after some stay for a wind at the mouth of the River Dive he fell down to and set sail from St. (n) Now St. Valery upon the River of Soame in Picardy Waleric or Gualeric with a gentle Gale and landed at Pevensey in Sussex erected a Fort there to secure his Ships and their retreat (o) 'T is said by Cambden he burnt all his Ships that he might cut off from his Souldiers all hopes of Safety by flight if so Britan. fol. 106 He had it out of the Manuscript History of Battle Abbey in Bib. cotton sob Effigie Domitian A. 2. fol. 1. Malms Will. 1. fol. 57. Dunel Brompton A. D. 1066. Gesta Guliel Ducis f 202. D. In Will 1.56 b. 57. b. certainly he designed no place of Safety for a retreat or to secure his Ships wherein he placed a Garrison Gul. Pictav Gesta Gul. Ducis fol. 199. c. and marching from thence to Hastings he raiseth another Fortification for the same Purposes and Garrisons that likewise and then declares the Causes of the War first for revenging the death of his Kinsman Brompt col 958. (p) Son to Ethelred and younger Brother of Edw. the Confessor to Emme Alfred whom Godwin Harold's Father and his Sons had cut off with many Normans Secondly to chastise Harold for banishing Robert Archbishop of Canterbury and other Normans out of England and Thirdly to gain the Kingdom from Harold which he had possessed by Perjury and to which he had no right it being his by Grant by nearness (q) It could hardly be thought his Army should consist of raw Souldiers for Malmsbury Sim. Dunel and Brompton reports from Gulielm Pictaviensis that the main Body of it remained impregnable against all the Assaults and Charges of the Enemies until by a Counterfeit retreat which the English thought a flight and followed them by which means they opened their close Order when the Normans suddenly faceing about charged and broke them in pieces scattered them and obtained the Victory c. of kindred and promise of Obedience and Subjection he restrained his Army from Plundering Malmsb. in Will 1. f. 56. b. telling them they ought to spare those things which were suddenly to be their own and for fifteen days they behaved themselves so quietly as if they thought not of War The News of this Descent of the Normans in Sussex Ingulph f. 512. quickly came to Harold by several Messengers who puffed up with his late Victory dream'd of the like success for the future and refusing the Terms offered him by William's Envoy Malms ut sup a Monk either to quit his Pretences to the Kingdom or hold it as his Vice-roy Gul. Pictav fol. 200. c. or that they two by Combate for the sparing the Effusion of Blood in the sight of both Armies might decide and end the Controversie in great hast with a small part only of his Army he came near unto Hastings Ingulph Ibid. and having gathered together the Country-people formed of them a (q) It could hardly be thought his Army should consist of raw Souldiers for Malmsbury Sim. Dunel and Brompton reports from Gulielm Pictaviensis that the main Body of it remained impregnable against all the Assaults and Charges of the Enemies until by a Counterfeit retreat which the English thought a flight and followed them by which means they opened their close Order when the Normans suddenly faceing about charged and broke them in pieces scattered them and obtained the Victory c. rude and undisciplined Army staid not for his Northern Forces but next morning gives (r) On the fourteenth of October not many days after the Battel at Stanford-bridge Earl William Battel and fighting valiantly all day until evening often as a common Souldier hand to hand with his Enemies at length about twilight upon a Hill whither he had retreated he was shot thorough the head with an Arrow and slain together with his Brothers Gurth and Lefwin and most of the English Nobility here present (Å¿) Malmsbury says they were not there but being appointed by Harold he posting before to meet the Normans to bring the Riches and Spoils taken in the last Battel to London where hearing that Harold was slain they courted the People to make one of them King he also there says that the other great men would have chosen Edgar King if the Bishops would have consented but by reason of the present danger and their Domestick Dissentions it could not be effected Then Edwin and Morcar with some few others that escaped came to London and sent their Sister Algith the Queen and Wife to Harold Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1066. into the remote parts of the Nation and consulted with Aldred Archbishop of York the Citizens and Seamen to make Edgar Atheling King but while they provided and prepared to oppose William the two Earls with their Forces withdrew
Normandy And not long after the King of France died Ibidem D. King Henry dies Leaves his Son to the care of Baldwin Earl of Flanders and Philip his Son a Child succeeded him between whom and the Duke there was always a firm Peace he being left by his Father under the Tuition and Protection of his Uncle Baldwin Earl of Flanders who was a great Assistant to William and whose Daughter [1.] Ibidem 183. D. Whose Daughter William had Married Matild he Married in the midst of these Tumults Insurrections and Troubles About the same time Galfrid * Ib. 188. D. Martell also died These Enemies dead he is at leisure to pursue his Design upon [2.] Ibidem 189. B. He claims Anjou Anjou to which besides the Gift of the King of France upon the conclusion of Peace between them after the Battle of Mortimer in Caux he had likewise a Title from Herbert Son of Earl Hugh whom Martel had Expelled He dying without Issue left William his Heir and willed his People they should seek for no other Lord but they set up Walter Earl of Mayn who had Married the Sister of Hugh [3.] Ibid. D. The Anjovins submit yet not long after being wearied with the Incursions of William they joyfully received him as their Lord. [4.] Gul. Pict 196. C. These Successes and the Fame of his Piety by founding endowing and advancing Churches and Monasteries spreading through France and the adjacent Countries brought a great frequency of Foreign Nobility to his Court as well Ecclesiastick as Secular some esteeming it a favour to be allowed to remain there others to observe and take Advice and some to enter into the Service of the Duke And it added much to his Glory that being at this time in an universal quiet [5.] Ibidem none daring to Arm against him that he provided for the security of Church and State [6.] Ib. 193. B. C. D. and 194. A. B. discouraging the Loose Luxurious and Prophane Ecclesiasticks encouraging the Sober Learned and Pious taking care also of the Cause of the Widow Poor and Fatherless by quickening the Execution of the Laws and where they were not sufficient for that purpose ordaining new ones In this Recess from War and Business He goes over into England See the Reign of Edward the Confessor and of Harold he went over into England as is related in the Reign of Edward the Confessor whither the course of this History is to be referred until the end of his Reign and also unto the end of the Reign of Harold This mighty Fame he acquired by these Actions and the opportunity he had given him [7.] Here in Ed. Confessor Of the easie Conquest of England The Clergy Ignorant and Debauch and Nobility Loose and Prophane c. of viewing and observing the chief Fortresses Cities and Castles when he was in England were no small Advantages towards the Conquest of it But that which made it easie and the Possession more peaceable were the irreconcilable Feud between Harold and his Brother Tobi the [8.] Malmsb vit Gul. 57. a. n. 54. ibid. b. n. 10. Mat. Par. vit Fred. Abb. 46. n. 30. Loosness Debauchery and Ignorance of the English Clergy and Nobility [9.] In the Manusc Book of Additaments fol. 79. b. citâ—d by Dr. Watts his Notes upon Mat. Paris fol. 3. the large Possessions of Religious Houses which if they had been in the hands of Temporal Lords would have enabled them to have made Resistance but being in their hands (m) William answered the Abbat of St. Albans giving him this reason of the easiness of the Conquest and quiet possession of England That if this were the cause the Conquest of England might be as easie to the Danes or any other that should make War upon him Ibidem and he should not know how to defend his Kingdom and thefore began with him and took away some of his large Possessions to maintain Soldiers for the defence of the Nation almost all his Lands and Lordships as 't is said there between Barnet and London Stone they neither would or ought to oppose him who they thought had right to the Kingdom And lastly The different and jarring Saxon Danish and Norman Interests which inclined them several ways See the Reigns of Etheldred Harold the 1st Harde-Cnute and Edward the Confessor the Saxon Nobility and People would have had Edgar Atheling the right Heir of that Line their King The Danish would have brought in Swain King of Denmark who claimed from Harde-Cnute and both perhaps against the Norman Interest as being lately introduced in the Reign of Etheldred by the Marriage of Emme except such as by the example of Edward the Confessor were inclined to and trained up in the Norman Modes and Customs Norman Bishops and Great Men before the Conquest who preferred many of that Nation to great Dignities so that in this time there was [1.] Scriptor Norman 1023. Robert Arch-Bishop of Canterbury William Bishop of London * In Append n. 9. al. Wulsus who obtained the Charter of the Liberties of that City from the Conqueror Vrsus Bishop of Dorchester in Oxfordshire the greatest Diocess in England all Normans Randulph Peverell in Essex Fitz-Scrobi in Salop Ralph Earl of East-Angles Danbin de Bear Hugolin his Chancellor and Steward Swein of Essex Alfrid the Yeoman of his Stirrop and many other Laicks Men of great Power and Reputation with the People who had several Employments here especially those placed to defend the Marches against the Welsh and called in for that purpose by Edward The Conqueror after the Battle of Hastings fatal to the English [2.] Pictav 204. C. D. The Conquerors March after his Victory at Hastings to Romney having buried his dead and appointed a stout Governor in that Fortress marched to Romney where having revenged himself of the Cruel Inhabitants so they are there called for the Slaughter of some of his Men by a mistake landing at that place he thence advanced to Dover whither though an innumerable Multitude of People had betaken themselves as to a place by reason of the Castle inexpugnable yet dismayed with the Conquerors approach the place with all readiness submitted to him Dover yields who after eight days Fortification of it marching from thence and leaving his sick Men there not far from Dover the Kentish Men of their own accord came in to him sware Fealty and gave Hostages for the performance of it The Kentish Men of their own accords come into William [3.] Ib. 205 A. B. c. Canterbury sends hâ—r submission Canterbury also sends her Submission and the next day he came to the Broken (b) In Latin Fracta Turris this place is somewhere in Kent and not far from Canterbury but where I know not Tower proceeding forward and understanding where Stigand the Arch-Bishop with the Earls Edwin and Morcar and others of the Nobility
who designed to have Edgar Atheling their King were assembled he made towards them and encamped not far from London from whence some Troops issuing out against him 500 Normans Horse which were sent against them drove them back into the City not without the Slaughter of many by the way This Action was followed with the Firing of all Buildings on that side the River Thames Arch-Bishop Stigand deserts Edgar and proceeding whether he pleased passing over the River at Walingford whether Stigand followed him who deserting Edgar made his Peace with William and owned him as his Soveraign London submits and gives Hostages proceeding from hence so soon as he came within sight of London the People there as well Citizens as others which were many submitted themselves and as the Kentish Men had done delivered him Hostages such both for number and Quality as he desired The Bishops and Nobility supplicate him to be King This done as well the Bishops as other Great Men supplicate him to receive the [4.] Ibidem His Army also would have it so Crown for that they desired to have a King having been accustomed to live under one He acquaints his Confidents with this Address of the English who persuade to a Compliance with it as being upon their Knowledge the unanimous desire of the whole Army He weighing all things could not but yield to the importunity of so many petitioning and persuading him to it therefore staying near London he sent some before to raise a place of security and Fortress within the City and prepare things fit for such a Royal and Magnificent Solemnity [5.] Ibidem D. 206. A. An. Dom. 1666. They dare do no otherwise being over-awed by his Army there present Hov. f. 258. a n. 10. The day designed for his Coronation was Christmass-day when much People as well English as Normans assembled at Westminster where Aldred Arch-Bishop of York after an Oration to the English asked them if they consented he should be Crowned who all chearfully with one Voice consented The like being done to the Normans by the Bishop of Constance and their consent declared (c) Neither Pictaviensis Ordericus Vitalis Hen. Huntingdon or Mat. Paris make any mention of any Oath he took at his Coronation No Oath taken at his Coronation Fol. 258. a. n. 14. Col. 195. n. 43. de gest pont 154. b. n. 9. or not such an one as 't is commonly Storied he took Sim. Dunelm Malmsbur and Hoveden indeed says the Arch-Bishop exacted an Oath from him and that he took one before the Altar of St. Peter and sware to defend the Church and the Governors of it justly to govern all the People subject to him to Establish just Laws and have them duely executed and to prohibite Rapine and anjust Judgment and if it were so [7.] Scriptor Norman 1000. 't were the same Oath he took when he was installed Duke of Normandy not one word hereof the English or King Edwards Laws he was Crowned by Aldred the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Stigand being then anathematized by the Pope in St. Peters the Abby Church at Westminster in the presence of many Bishops Abbats and Noblemen After this Solemnity he looked into the Treasury of Harold [8.] Gul. Pict â—06 B. C. D. Harolds Treasure distributed To his Followers To St. Peters Church at Rome wherein were found vast Riches part of which he distributed amongst such as were with him in the Battle and some to the Poor and Monasteries His Treasury was much increased by the Gifts and Presents from Cities Towns and all Rich Men to their new Lord of which he sent to the Church of St. Peter in Rome and lodged in the hands of Pope Alexander an incredible Sum of Gold and Silver Money And to 1000 other Churches c. besides Ornaments he sent also to a thousand (d) Cathedral Conventual and others such as said Masses for his Success * Gul. Pictav 194. C. whose Prayers he was wont to desire and purchase in time of War and Difficulty Churches in France Aquitain Burgundy and Avergne to some very large Golden Crosses set with Gems to others much Gold or Golden Vessels rich Palls Copes or other Vestments In January next following [9.] Ibidem 207. C. He ordains many things for the advantage of London and the whole Nation during his abode in London he ordained prudently and justly many things some for the Advantage and Dignity of that City others of the whole Nation in general and some for the profit of the Church [1.] Ibidem 108. B. then departing from London he staid some time at (e) Barkinge in Essex in Pictaviensis Bercingis in Ordericus Bertingis in Bede Berecing and not Berkhamstede in Hartfordshire Berking while those Places of Strength were perfected which he had caused to be made in the City The Conqueror stays at London until he secures London to check the instability and power of that People for he saw it in the first place greatly necessary to restrain them Hither repaired to him the two great Earls of Mercia and Northumberland and Brothers [2.] Ibidem Edwin Morcar and others Swear Fealty Ibidem C. Edwin and Morcar with many more great Noblemen whom upon their swearing Fealty to him he graciously received and granted to them their Possessions Proceeding further into divers parts of the Nation he provides for his own safety by appointing [3.] Order Vit. 506. B. He Garisons the Castles and Places of Strength stout French Captains and Governors with many Foot and Horse to remain in and Garison in the Castles every where giving them great Rewards for the Labours and Danger they should undergo he seemed kind to all but more especially to Edgar [4.] Gul. Pict 208. C. And goes over into Normandy Atheling to whom he gave many and large Possessions Having thus provided for the security of this Kingdom as well as he could for the time in Lent that year he returns into Normandy so to settle his Affairs there as afterwards they might not need his presence For some long time before he went the Care and Government of this Kingdom was committed to his Brother [5.] Ibid. D. Odo whom he placed in Dover Castle and gave him the Government of Kent with the adjoining South Coast And appoints Odo Bishop of Baieux and William Fitz-Osbern Vice-Roys in his absence and to * He was Son of Osbern Crepon who Married a Daughter of Rodulph Son of Sprot Widow of Richard First Duke of Normandy by Asperlinge Gemet l. 7. c. 38. his Grandfather Herfastus was Gunnora's Brother ibid. l. 8. c. 15. William Fitz-Osbern whom he placed at Winchester in the Castle he had built there with direction to look after the North parts these he left as his Viceroys and to them subjected all other his Commanders Great Men and Officers in every part of the Nation some of which used their [6.] Ord. vit
his Predecessors had granted to the City and also severely Reproved the Abbat as one that occasioned and moved the King to this Violation By this means the King was restrained from proceeding any further in his Grant Soon after the King [5] fol. 785 n. 20. King Henry's complaint to the Pope against his Great men complained to the Pope that his Great men who had undertaken the Crusado designed to begin their journey to the Holy-Land before he was prepared and that they were more ready to follow the King of France his Capital Enemie than him Upon this the Pope by his Letters under pain of Excommunication prohibited any from going without the Kings leave and for the better Security [6] Ibid. n. 30. He sent to the Wardens of his Ports to hinder any of his Great men from passing over Sea This year a certain Jew [7] Ibid. n. 40. Aron a Jew severely fined for falsifying a Charter Named Aron being convicted of Counterfeiting or falsifying a Charter was severely fined and paid to the King 14000 Marks and to the Queen an answerable proportion in Gold So that it was Computed That this Jew had paid to the King 30000 Marks of Silver since his coming from beyond Sea and to the Queen 200 Marks of Gold as the same Jew informed our Author Matthew Paris [8] Ibid. n. 50. who says they were not to be pitied because the Jews were manifestly proved to be corrupted and forgers of the Kings Seals and Charts This year about the Feast of St. Matthew [9] fol. 800. n. 20 30. The Bishop of Winchesters Death at Turon William Bishop of Winchester died at Turon The King after some short sorrow for his Death sent very kind and soft Letters to the Monks of that Cathedral to persuade them to choose Ethelmarus his Brother their Bishop [1] f. 801. n. 20. The Monks were under great difficulties how to manage themselves They durst not reject the Kings request lest further inconveniencies should ensue for they thought the Pope the Kings close Friend neither were they willing to Elect one whom they knew to be altogether insufficient for so great a charge [2] Ibid. n. 50. Ethelmarus the Kings Brother chosen Bishop of Winchester At last after many disputes the Kings powerful request prevailed and Ethelmarus was chosen Bishop and forthwith Solemn [3] Fol. 802. Lin. 5. Messengers were sent to give the Pope notice of it with Letters full of entreaties and promises to induce him to approve of what was so very pleasing to the King Soon after the King received [4] fol. 803. n. 40 50. The Pope ask's King Henry's leave to reside at Burdeaux Solemn Messengers from the Pope to desire leave of him to let him reside some time at Burdeaux for the Earls of Poictou and Provence Brothers to the King of France who was lately taken Prisoner by the Saracens looked upon the Pope to be the principal Author of this misfortune because he had hindred those who had undertaken the Crusado from proceeding according to their design and had absolved many from their Vow There passed hard words between the Pope and them and they parted from each other in great anger The Earls made what hast they could into England to sollicite the King to give them what assistance He could in this juncture for the Relief of their Brother urging to him the Vow he at present lay under This reduced the King to great streights The King take's time to consider of an Answer for if he consented to the Popes request he made the Emperor his Enemy If he refused him he then incurred his displeasure whereupon the King took longer time to consider what Answer he should return A. D. 1251. In the year 1251. King Henry kept his [5] fol. 807. lin 5. n. 20. The King retrencheth the Expences of his Houshould Christmass at Winchester but the usual plenty and Hospitality was laid aside and the accustomed distribution of gifts was omitted and no one was an acceptable guest at Court who did not bring some gift or present to the King Queen Prince Edward or some Courtier On Epiphany day [6] f. 810. n. 10. Monfort requires a supply of men and money for Gascoigny Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester he had in a great measure reduced Gascoigny to the Kings obedience came into England accompanied only with three Esquires went to the King and acquainted him with the great charge and expence he had been at to repress those Rebels but could no longer maintain it out of his own Revenues therefore He required a supply both of Men and Money from him [7] Ibid. n. 40. His request granted by the King which was granted and having received of the Kings Treasury 3000 Marks and gathered together what Money he could among his own Tenents and those of his Wards He prepared to return into Gascoigny On [8] fol. 811. n. 40 50. Henry of Bath Justiciary accused of Bribery and Extortion Candlemass day following Henry of Bath the Kings Justiciary was accused to the King of Bribery and Extortion whereby he had raised a very Great Estate upon the ruin of others Upon this he was Attached and when John Mansel Clerc one of the Kings principal Counsellers offered to be his Bail the King refused him adding that his fault was little less than Treason But upon the importunate intercessions of the Bishop London and many others he was set at liberty and Twenty four Knights bound for his Appearance at a time appointed statuto Termino On the 17 of February [9] fol. 814. n. 40 50. A Parlement assembled at London Crimes that were objected against the Justiciary The King shews his displeasure against him according to appointment the Parliament met at London where appeared the above mentioned Henry of Bath who beside other Crimes was accused for incensing the whole Baronage against the King Vniversum Baronagium contra ipsum Regem exaspiravit upon which a general Sedition was like to ensue The King was so highly provoked against him that he caused it to be openly proclaimed in his own Court and in London That if any Person had any Action or Complaint against him he should come in and be fully heard One of his fellow Justices laid to his charge that for Money he acquitted and discharged one convicted of Notorious Crimes which so enraged the King that he publickly declared That if any one should Kill Henry of Bath he would pardon him And he had been soon dispatched had not the prudence of John Mansel and the threats of the Bishop of London secured him from violence But at length having made Earl Richard [1] fol. 815. lin 6. Earl Richard stood his friend his Friend through his powerful mediation and the promise of a good Summ of Money he gained his Liberty [2] fol. 820. n. 30. And reconciled him to the King About the 21 of