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gladiator_n and_o in_o the_o name_n
kirchman_n in_o the_o funeral_n and_o brerewood_n in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o money_n that_o the_o curious_a remark_n of_o scaliger_n casaubon_n graevius_n monsieur_n and_o madam_n dacier_n be_v insert_v on_o many_o occasion_n in_o short_a that_o no_o pain_n or_o charge_n have_v be_v spare_v which_o may_v render_v the_o attempt_n true_o serviceable_a to_o the_o good_a end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v the_o pleasure_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o reader_n essay_n i._o of_o the_o roman_a learning_n whoever_o consider_v the_o strange_a beginning_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n the_o frame_n and_o constitution_n on_o which_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v together_o with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o original_a member_n will_v think_v it_o no_o wonder_n that_o the_o people_n in_o that_o early_a age_n shall_v have_v a_o kind_n of_o fierceness_n or_o rather_o wildness_n in_o their_o temper_n utter_o averse_a to_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v polite_a and_o agreeable_a this_o savage_a disposition_n by_o degree_n turn_v into_o a_o rigid_a severity_n which_o encourage_v they_o to_o rely_v sole_o on_o the_o force_n of_o their_o native_a virtue_n and_o honour_n without_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o art_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o their_o reason_n or_o for_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o courage_n hence_o a_o grossness_n of_o invention_n pass_v currant_n with_o they_o for_o wit_n and_o study_n be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o unmanly_a labour_n especial_o while_o they_o find_v that_o their_o exact_a discipline_n and_o unconquered_a resolution_n render_v they_o master_n of_o nation_n much_o more_o know_v then_o themselves_o all_o this_o be_v frank_o acknowledge_v by_o their_o own_o author_n literae_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la romano_n go_v for_o a_o wonder_n with_o tully_n senectute_n tully_n de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr senectute_n and_o virgil_n in_o a_o reign_n when_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o world_n be_v transplant_v to_o rome_n choose_v to_o make_v the_o art_n of_o government_n and_o war_n the_o distinguish_a excellency_n of_o his_o countryman_n excudent_fw-la alii_fw-la spirantia_fw-la mollius_fw-la aera_fw-la credo_fw-la equidem_fw-la vivos_fw-la ducent_fw-la de_fw-la marmore_fw-la vultus_fw-la orabunt_fw-la causas_fw-la melius_fw-la coelique_fw-la meatus_fw-la describent_fw-la radio_fw-la &_o surgentia_fw-la sydera_fw-la dicent_fw-la tu_fw-la regere_fw-la imperio_fw-la populos_fw-la roman_a memento_n hae_fw-la tibi_fw-la erunt_fw-la art_n pacique_fw-la imponere_fw-la morem_fw-la parcere_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o debellare_fw-la superbos_fw-la 6._o superbos_fw-la aen._n 6._o other_o shall_v best_o inspire_v the_o mimic_n brass_n or_o out_o of_o marble_n carve_v a_o live_a face_n plead_v with_o more_o force_n and_o trace_v the_o heavenly_a road_n describe_v the_o wide_a empire_n of_o the_o god_n the_o wander_a star_n to_o steady_a rule_n confine_v and_o teach_v expect_v mortal_n when_o they_o will_v shine_v thou_o heaven_n brave_a roman_a form_v for_o high_a command_n be_v these_o thy_o art_n from_o thy_o victorious_a hand_n to_o make_v glad_a nation_n own_o their_o peace_n bestow_v to_o spare_v the_o suppliant_a and_o pull_v down_o the_o proud_a the_o reason_n which_o horace_n give_v for_o the_o slow_a advance_n of_o poesy_n will_v hold_v in_o every_o other_o part_n of_o polite_a learning_n serus_fw-la enim_fw-la grâ—ecis_fw-la admovit_fw-la acumina_fw-la chartis_fw-la 1._o chartis_fw-la lib._n 2._o epist_n 1._o their_o little_a acquaintance_n with_o the_o fine_a wit_n of_o greece_n who_o have_v settle_v the_o staple_n of_o art_n and_o learning_n in_o that_o country_n deprive_v they_o of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o cultivate_v and_o beautify_v their_o genius_n which_o be_v form_v by_o nature_n capable_a of_o the_o high_a attainment_n some_o kind_n of_o poetry_n indeed_o they_o have_v in_o their_o rustic_a time_n but_o then_o the_o verse_n be_v such_o rude_a doggrel_n stuff_n as_o old_a ennius_n describe_v quales_fw-la fauni_n vatesque_fw-la canebant_fw-la quem_fw-la neque_fw-la musarum_fw-la scopulos_fw-la quisquam_fw-la superârat_fw-la nec_fw-la dicti_fw-la studiosus_fw-la erat_fw-la cicero_n be_v incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o old_a roman_n may_v probable_o have_v gain_v some_o little_a knowledge_n in_o philosophy_n from_o the_o instruction_n of_o pythagoras_n the_o famous_a author_n of_o the_o italic_a sect_n who_o flourish_v in_o italy_n about_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o tarquin_n be_v expel_v the_o city_n but_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o sing_v to_o the_o flute_n the_o praise_n of_o famous_a man_n at_o great_a entertainment_n be_v the_o only_a relic_n he_o can_v find_v of_o this_o doctrine_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o poetical_a number_n 4._o number_n cicero_n tusc_n quaest_n lib._n 4._o their_o intercourse_n with_o greece_n begin_v upon_o their_o undertake_n the_o defence_n of_o those_o part_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n who_o 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aeschylus_n utile_fw-la ferrent_fw-la tentavit_fw-la quoque_fw-la rem_fw-la si_fw-la dignè_fw-la vertere_fw-la posset_n ibid._n posset_n ibid._n the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n and_o rhetoric_n never_o have_v any_o tolerable_a progress_n before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o achaian_n who_o in_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 586_o or_o 587_o to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o thousand_o and_o more_o be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n where_o they_o have_v show_v themselves_o disaffect_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v disperse_v in_o several_a part_n of_o italy_n among_o these_o be_v the_o famous_a polybius_n the_o megalopolitan_a who_o great_a part_n and_o learning_n not_o only_o gain_v he_o the_o entire_a friendship_n of_o scipio_n aemylianus_n and_o laelius_n two_o of_o the_o great_a roman_n in_o that_o age_n but_o procure_v too_o the_o release_n of_o all_o his_o countryman_n that_o remain_v after_o some_o year_n exile_v most_o of_o that_o company_n though_o not_o equal_a to_o polybius_n yet_o be_v the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o greece_n bring_v away_o a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o politeness_n and_o refine_a art_n of_o that_o country_n and_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o state_n of_o life_n which_o take_v from_o they_o all_o thought_n of_o public_a action_n they_o apply_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o pursuit_n of_o letter_n as_o well_o to_o divert_v the_o sad_a reflection_n on_o their_o banishment_n as_o to_o improve_v and_o cultivate_v their_o mind_n grammat_n mind_n vid._n casaubon_n chroâ—ol_n ad_fw-la pâ—â—yb_n &_o comment_n ad_fw-la sueten_v de_fw-fr grammat_n in_o a_o few_o year_n their_o example_n and_o instruction_n have_v wrought_v such_o a_o strange_a conversion_n in_o the_o roman_a youth_n that_o the_o senate_n fear_v least_o the_o ancient_a discipline_n shall_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v corrupt_v and_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n soften_v and_o enervate_v by_o study_n consult_v how_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o this_o vein_n of_o politeness_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o rough_a and_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n to_o this_o purpose_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o decree_n bear_v date_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o c._n fannius_n strabo_n and_o m._n valerius_n messala_n a._n u._n c._n 592_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o whereas_o marcus_n pomponius_n the_o praetor_n have_v make_v a_o report_n to_o the_o senate_n about_o the_o philosopher_n and_o rhetorician_n the_o father_n do_v hereby_o order_v the_o aforesaid_a praetor_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o business_n and_o to_o suffer_v no_o such_o man_n in_o rome_n 11._o rome_n sueton._n de_fw-fr clar._n grammat_n cap._n 1._o a._n gell._n lib._n 15._o cap._n 11._o the_o eager_a passion_n for_o learning_n which_o this_o prohibition_n have_v in_o some_o measure_n allay_v break_v out_o with_o great_a heat_n and_o force_n about_o sixteen_o year_n after_o upon_o this_o famous_a occasion_n as_o the_o story_n may_v be_v make_v up_o out_o of_o several_a author_n 15._o author_n plutarch_n in_o cat._n majer_n of._n gâ—l_o lib._n 7._o cap._n 14._o macrob._n sat._n 1._o c._n 15._o the_o athenian_n have_v plunder_v oropus_n a_o city_n of_o boeotia_n the_o inhabitant_n make_v their_o
the_o languish_a art_n under_o vespasian_n titus_n and_o domitian_n for_o this_o last_o too_o be_v a_o encourager_n of_o poesy_n though_o he_o banish_v the_o philosopher_n scarce_o serve_v to_o any_o better_a purpose_n than_o to_o demonstrate_v the_o poor_a success_n of_o study_n and_o application_n while_o the_o ancient_a genius_n be_v want_v in_o the_o six_o next_o reign_n immediate_o follow_v domitian_n learning_n seem_v to_o have_v enjoy_v a_o sort_n of_o lucid_a interval_n and_o the_o banish_a favourite_n be_v again_o admit_v to_o court_n be_v high_o countenance_v and_o applaud_v by_o the_o best_a set_v of_o prince_n rome_n ever_o see_v not_o to_o inquire_v after_o the_o production_n of_o the_o other_o reign_v the_o useful_a labour_n of_o tacitus_n suetonius_n and_o pliny_n junior_n will_v make_v the_o government_n of_o trajan_n more_o famous_a than_o all_o his_o feat_n of_o arms._n if_o they_o be_v less_o happy_a in_o their_o language_n than_o the_o ancient_n in_o other_o respect_n perhaps_o they_o have_v over-marched_a they_o the_o historian_n in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o their_o politic_n and_o the_o sincere_a truth_n of_o their_o relation_n and_o the_o orator_n in_o his_o wit_n and_o good_a sense_n if_o we_o add_v to_o these_o plutarch_n who_o write_v most_o of_o his_o work_n in_o rome_n and_o be_v honour_v by_o trajan_n with_o the_o consulship_n and_o quinctilian_n who_o flourish_v a_o very_a little_a time_n before_o they_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o twilight_n of_o learning_n after_o the_o sunset_n of_o the_o augustan_n age_n or_o rather_o be_v resemble_v to_o a_o glimmer_a taper_n which_o cast_v a_o double_a light_n when_o its_o just_a on_o the_o point_n of_o expire_a it_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o sir_n william_n temple_n that_o all_o the_o latin_a book_n which_o we_o have_v till_o the_o end_n of_o trajan_n and_o all_o the_o greek_a till_o the_o end_n of_o marcus_n antoninus_n have_v a_o true_a and_o very_a esteemable_a value_n but_o that_o all_o 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though_o adrian_n voluntary_o relinquish_v these_o new_a acquisition_n yet_o the_o prodigious_a swarm_n of_o the_o native_n who_o have_v wait_v on_o his_o predecessor_n triumph_n be_v still_o oblige_v to_o live_v in_o rome_n in_o the_o condition_n of_o slave_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n who_o find_v it_o so_o hard_a a_o enterprise_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o territory_n have_v little_a leisure_n or_o concern_v to_o guard_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o muse_n and_o therefore_o claudian_n in_o those_o verse_n of_o his_o panegyric_n on_o stilico_n hinc_fw-la prisee_fw-mi redeunt_fw-la art_n felicibus_fw-la inde_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la aperitur_fw-la iter_fw-la despectaque_fw-la musâ—e_fw-la colla_n levant_a be_v guilty_a of_o a_o grand_a piece_n of_o flattery_n in_o make_v that_o minister_n the_o restorer_n of_o polite_a study_n when_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o his_o time_n under_o honorius_n be_v the_o last_o struggle_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n who_o soon_o carry_v all_o before_o they_o may_v easy_o fright_v learning_n and_o science_n off_o the_o stage_n since_o they_o be_v already_o so_o much_o out_o of_o countenance_n and_o thus_o render_v the_o conqueror_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o rough_a and_o illiterate_a as_o their_o first_o progenitor_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o inundation_n of_o the_o barbarous_a people_n prove_v equal_o fatal_a to_o art_n and_o empire_n and_o rome_n herself_o when_o she_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o little_a time_n quite_o forget_v to_o speak_v latin_n essay_n ii_o of_o the_o roman_a education_n it_o be_v a_o obvious_a remark_n that_o the_o strong_a body_n owe_v its_o vigour_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o the_o very_a milk_n it_o receive_v in_o its_o infancy_n and_o to_o the_o first_o knit_n of_o the_o joint_n that_o the_o most_o stately_a tree_n and_o the_o fair_a of_o herb_n and_o flower_n be_v behold_v for_o their_o shade_n and_o beauty_n to_o the_o hand_n that_o first_o fix_v they_o in_o a_o agreeable_a soil_n a_o advantage_n which_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o want_v they_o seldom_o fail_v to_o degenerate_v into_o wildness_n and_o to_o assume_v a_o nature_n quite_o different_a from_o their_o proper_a species_n every_o own_o know_v how_o to_o apply_v the_o same_o observation_n to_o moral_n who_o have_v the_o sense_n to_o discover_v it_o in_o natural_n hence_o the_o most_o renown_a people_n in_o story_n be_v those_o who_o lawgiver_n think_v it_o their_o noble_a and_o most_o important_a work_n to_o prescribe_v rule_n for_o the_o early_a institution_n of_o youth_n on_o this_o basis_n lycurgus_n found_v the_o glorious_a discipline_n of_o the_o spartan_n which_o continue_v for_o five_o hundred_o year_n without_o any_o considerable_a violation_n the_o indian_a brahmin_n have_v a_o strain_n beyond_o all_o the_o wit_n of_o greece_n begin_v their_o care_n of_o mankind_n even_o before_o the_o birth_n and_o employ_v much_o 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glory_n ever_o with_o the_o ancient_a spartan_n who_o plutarch_n have_v magnify_v 〈◊〉_d much_o beyond_o they_o especial_o if_o we_o agree_v with_o a_o very_a greaâ—_n judge_n that_o the_o take_v no_o care_n about_o the_o learning_n but_o only_o about_o the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o child_n may_v be_v just_o think_v a_o defect_n in_o lycurgus_n his_o institution_n education_n institution_n archbishop_n tillotson_n sermon_n of_o education_n quinctilian_n or_o tacitus_n in_o the_o dialogue_n de_fw-fr oratoribus_fw-la give_v a_o excellent_a account_n of_o the_o old_a way_n of_o breed_a child_n and_o set_v it_o off_o with_o great_a advantage_n by_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o modern_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v he_o be_v not_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o a_o hire_a nurse_n to_o live_v with_o she_o in_o some_o pitiful_a hole_n that_o serve_v for_o her_o lodging_n but_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o lap_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o mother_n who_o reckon_v it_o among_o her_o chief_a commendation_n to_o keep_v the_o
first_o enterprise_n there_o be_v no_o business_n think_v too_o weighty_a or_o difficult_a for_o his_o management_n he_o find_v himself_o at_o this_o time_n to_o labour_v under_o a_o very_a weak_a constitution_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o natural_a default_n in_o his_o make_n of_o a_o long_a and_o thin_a neck_n so_o that_o in_o probability_n the_o labour_n and_o strain_n of_o the_o body_n require_v in_o a_o orator_n can_v not_o consist_v but_o with_o manifest_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n this_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v fear_v in_o he_o because_o he_o be_v observe_v in_o his_o plead_n to_o keep_v his_o voice_n always_o at_o the_o high_a pitch_n in_o a_o most_o vehement_a and_o impetuous_a tone_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o use_v a_o agreeable_a violence_n in_o his_o gesture_n and_o action_n upon_o this_o consideration_n the_o physician_n and_o his_o near_a friend_n be_v continual_o urge_v he_o to_o lay_v aside_o all_o thought_n of_o a_o profession_n which_o appear_v so_o 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hear_v at_o rome_n one_o that_o beside_o his_o admirable_a talon_n at_o plead_v and_o pen_v haâ—_n a_o peculiar_a happiness_n in_o mark_v and_o correct_v the_o default_n in_o any_o performance_n it_o be_v to_o his_o institution_n that_o cicero_n gratâ—_n full_o acknowledge_v he_o owe_v the_o retrench_a of_o his_o juvenile_a hâ—â—_n and_o unbounded_a freedom_n of_o thought_n which_o do_v not_o consâ—â—_n with_o the_o just_a rule_n of_o a_o exact_a and_o severe_a method_n return_v to_o rome_n after_o two_o year_n absence_n he_o appear_v quite_o another_o man_n for_o his_o body_n strengthen_v by_o exercise_n wâ—â—_n come_v to_o a_o tolerable_a habit_n his_o way_n of_o speak_v seem_v 〈◊〉_d have_v grow_v cool_a and_o his_o voice_n be_v render_v much_o easy_a 〈◊〉_d himself_o and_o much_o sweet_a to_o the_o audience_n thus_o about_o thâ—â—_n one_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n he_o arrive_v at_o that_o fâ—â—â—_n perfection_n which_o have_v so_o long_o take_v up_o his_o whole_a wish_n aâ—â—_n endeavour_n authores_fw-la classici_fw-la subsequentes_fw-la in_o usum_fw-la delphini_n eodem_fw-la feâ—â—_n charactere_fw-la &_o formâ_fw-la jamdudum_fw-la typis_fw-la mandati_fw-la prostaâ—â—_n venales_fw-la apud_fw-la abelem_fw-la swall_n ad_fw-la insigne_fw-la monocerotis_fw-la in_o coemeterio_fw-la d._n pauli_n viz._n p._n virgilii_fw-la maronis_fw-la opera_fw-la interpretatione_n &_o notis_fw-la illustravit_fw-la carolus_n ruaeus_n 1695._o editio_fw-la novissima_fw-la p._n terentii_fw-la afri_fw-la comoediae_fw-la cum_fw-la interpretatione_n &_o notis_fw-la nicolai_n cami._n phaedri_fw-la augusti_fw-la liberti_n fabulae_fw-la cum_fw-la interpret_v &_o notis_fw-la petti_n danet_fw-la q._n horatij_n flacci_fw-la poemata_fw-la interpretatione_n &_o notis_fw-la illustravit_fw-la petrus_n rodelius_n cornelius_n nepos-de_a vita_fw-la excellentium_fw-la imperatorum_fw-la cum_fw-la interpret_v &_o notis_fw-la nicolai_n courtin_n c._n julii_n caesaris_fw-la quae_fw-la exstant_fw-la interpretatione_n &_o notis_n illustravit_fw-la joannes_n goduinus_n professor_n regius_n in_o usum_fw-la delphini_n titus_n lucretius_n carus_n de_fw-fr naturâ_fw-la rerum_fw-la interpretatione_n &_o notis_fw-la hanc_fw-la editionem_fw-la illustravit_fw-la tho._n creech_n oxon._n coll._n omn._n anim._n socius_fw-la p._n ovidii_n nasonis_fw-la metamorphoseôn_fw-la lib._n xv_o interpretatione_n &_o notis_n illustrati_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la indice_fw-la omnium_fw-la vocabulorum_fw-la sub_fw-la prelo_fw-la c._n crispi_n sallustii_fw-la opera_fw-la quae_fw-la extant_a d._n crispinus_n notis_fw-la &_o interpretatione_n illustravit_fw-la t._n livii_n patavini_n historiarum_fw-la quod_fw-la extat_fw-la interpretatione_n &_o notis_n illustrat_fw-la &_o accommodat_fw-la ad_fw-la methodum_fw-la editionis_fw-la in_o usum_fw-la delphini_n &_o multo_fw-la correctius_fw-la &_o emendatius_fw-la in_o 2_o vol._n 8_o vo_z a_o catalogue_n of_o some_o other_o book_n late_o print_v and_o 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now_o lord_n bâ—â—_n of_o cork_n and_o ross_n 8_o vo_z camden_n britannia_n new_o translate_v into_o english_a with_o veâ—â—_n considerable_a addition_n and_o improvement_n particular_o a_o account_n of_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o nobility_n as_o also_o of_o the_o coin_n university_n college_n school_n and_o other_o public_a building_n oâ—_n england_n the_o map_n of_o every_o county_n all_o new_a engrave_v according_a to_o the_o last_o and_o best_a survey_v etc._n etc._n publish_a by_o edmund_n gibson_n of_o queen's-college_n in_o oxford_n folio_n the_o comedy_n of_o terence_n viz._n andria_n eunuchus_n and_o heautontemoreumenos_n english_v together_o with_o his_o life_n and_o some_o remark_n by_o several_a hand_n 8_o vo_z the_o comedy_n of_o plautus_n viz._n amphitryon_n epidicus_n and_o rudens_fw-la with_o critical_a remark_n in_o like_a manner_n make_v english_a by_o several_a hand_n 8_o vo_z a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o four_o chief_a monarchy_n or_o empire_n of_o the_o 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other_o noble_a virgin_n have_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o enemy_n for_o hostage_n on_o account_n of_o a_o truce_n when_o obtain_v the_o liberty_n to_o bathe_v themselves_o in_o tiber_n she_o get_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o rest_n encourage_v they_o to_o follow_v she_o through_o the_o water_n to_o the_o roman_n though_o the_o consul_n generous_o send_v they_o back_o to_o the_o enemy_n camp_n porsenna_n have_v no_o soon_o draw_v off_o his_o army_n but_o the_o sabine_n and_o latin_n join_v in_o a_o confederacy_n against_o rome_n and_o though_o they_o be_v extreme_o weaken_a by_o the_o desertion_n of_o appius_n claudius_n who_o go_v over_o with_o five_o thousand_o family_n to_o the_o roman_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o be_v entire_o subdue_v till_o they_o receive_v a_o total_a overthrow_n from_o valerius_n poplicola_n ibid._n poplicola_n ibid._n but_o the_o aequi_n and_o the_o volsci_n the_o most_o obstinate_a of_o the_o latin_n and_o the_o continual_a enemy_n of_o rome_n carry_v on_o 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ornament_n of_o their_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a theatre_n for_o public_a sport_n build_v hard_o by_o the_o seashore_n they_o happen_v to_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o celebration_n of_o some_o such_o solemnity_n when_o upon_o sight_n of_o the_o roman_a fleet_n that_o casual_o sail_v by_o their_o coast_n imagine_v they_o to_o be_v enemy_n they_o immediate_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o kill_v the_o commander_n rifle_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n ambassador_n be_v soon_o dispatch_v from_o rome_n to_o demand_v satisfaction_n but_o they_o meet_v with_o as_o ill_a reception_n as_o the_o fleet_n be_v disgraceful_o send_v away_o without_o so_o much_o as_o a_o hear_v upon_o this_o a_o war_n be_v soon_o commence_v between_o the_o state_n the_o tarentines_n be_v increase_v by_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o ally_n from_o all_o part_n but_o he_o that_o make_v the_o great_a appearance_n in_o their_o behalf_n be_v pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n the_o most_o experience_a general_n of_o his_o time_n beside_o the_o choice_a of_o his_o troop_n that_o accompany_v he_o in_o the_o expedition_n he_o bring_v into_o the_o field_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o elephant_n a_o sort_n of_o beast_n scarce_o hear_v of_o till_o that_o time_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o first_o engagement_n the_o roman_n be_v in_o fair_a hope_n of_o a_o victory_n when_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n be_v entire_o change_v upon_o the_o come_n up_o of_o the_o elephant_n who_o make_v such_o a_o prodigious_a destruction_n in_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n that_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v but_o the_o politic_a general_n have_v experience_v so_o well_o the_o roman_a courage_n immediate_o after_o the_o victory_n send_v to_o offer_v condition_n for_o a_o peace_n but_o be_v absolute_o refuse_v in_o the_o next_o battle_n the_o advantage_n be_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n who_o have_v not_o now_o such_o dismal_a apprehension_n of_o the_o elephant_n as_o before_o however_o the_o business_n come_v to_o another_o engagement_n when_o the_o elephant_n overrun_v whole_a rank_n of_o their_o own_o man_n occasion_v by_o the_o cry_n of_o a_o young_a one_o that_o have_v be_v wound_v give_v the_o roman_n a_o absolute_a victory_n ibid._n victory_n florus_n ibid._n twenty_o three_o thousand_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v kill_v 2._o kill_v eutropius_n lib._n 2._o and_o pyrrhus_n final_o expel_v italy_n in_o this_o war_n the_o roman_n have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o subdue_v the_o other_o part_n that_o remain_v unconquered_a under_o the_o pretext_n of_o ally_n to_o the_o tarentines_n so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n about_o the_o 477th_o year_n of_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n ibid._n city_n ibid._n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o the_o entire_a master_n of_o italy_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o punic_n war_n to_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n but_o
contain_v near_o all_o asia_n to_o the_o roman_n 4._o roman_n eutrop._n lib._n 4._o and_o what_o of_o africa_n remain_v unconquered_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n reduce_v in_o the_o jugurthan_a war_n that_o immediate_o follow_v jugurtha_n himself_o after_o several_a defeat_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o marius_n and_o bring_v in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n ibid._n rome_n ibid._n and_o now_o after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o teutones_n and_o cimbri_n that_o have_v make_v a_o inroad_n into_o italy_n with_o several_a lesser_a conquest_n in_o asia_n and_o other_o part_n the_o mithridatick_a war_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o marius_n and_o sylla_n break_v out_o both_o in_o the_o same_o year_n 5._o year_n eutrop._n lib._n 5._o sylla_n have_v be_v send_v general_n against_o mithridates_n king_n of_o pontus_n who_o have_v seize_v on_o the_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o achaia_n in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n when_o before_o he_o be_v get_v out_o of_o italy_n sulpicius_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o one_o of_o marius_n faction_n prefer_v a_o law_n to_o recall_n he_o and_o depute_v marius_n in_o his_o room_n upon_o this_o sylla_n lead_v back_o his_o army_n and_o overthrow_v marius_n and_o sulpicius_n in_o his_o way_n have_v settle_v affair_n at_o rome_n and_o banish_v the_o author_n of_o the_o late_a sedition_n return_v to_o meet_v the_o foreign_a enemy_n ibid._n enemy_n ibid._n his_o first_o exploit_n be_v the_o take_n of_o athens_n and_o ruine_v the_o famous_a mole_n in_o the_o haven_n piraeum_n 2._o piraeum_n vill._n patere_fw-la lib._n 2._o afterward_o in_o two_o engagement_n he_o kill_v and_o take_v near_o 130000_o of_o the_o enemy_n and_o compel_v mithridates_n to_o sue_v for_o a_o truce_n 5._o truce_n eutrop._n lib._n 5._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n marius_n be_v call_v home_o by_o the_o new_a consul_n have_v exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n at_o rome_n whereupon_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o truce_n sylla_n once_o more_o march_v back_o towards_o italy_n marius_n be_v dead_a before_o his_o return_n 2._o return_n vell._n paterc_n lib._n 2._o but_o his_o two_o son_n with_o the_o consul_n raise_v several_a army_n to_o oppose_v he_o but_o some_o of_o the_o troop_n be_v draw_v over_o to_o his_o party_n and_o the_o other_o rout_v he_o enter_v the_o city_n and_o dispose_v all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n assume_v the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o perpetual_a dictator_n but_o have_v regulate_v the_o state_n he_o lay_v down_o that_o office_n and_o die_v in_o retirement_n syllae_fw-la retirement_n aurelius_n victor_n in_o vit_fw-mi syllae_fw-la mithridates_n have_v soon_o break_v the_o late_a truce_n and_o invade_v bythinia_n and_o asia_n with_o as_o great_a sury_n as_o ever_o when_o the_o roman_a general_n lucullus_n rout_v his_o vast_a army_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n chase_v he_o quite_o out_o of_o asia_n and_o have_v infallible_o put_v a_o happy_a conclusion_n to_o the_o war_n have_v not_o fortune_n reserve_v that_o glory_n for_o pompey_n ibid._n pompey_n vell._n paterc_n ibid._n he_o be_v depute_v in_o the_o room_n of_o lucullus_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o new_a force_n of_o mithridates_n compel_v he_o to_o fly_v to_o his_o father-in-law_n tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n pompey_n follow_v with_o his_o army_n and_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o whoâ—â—_n kingdom_n that_o tigranes_n be_v constrain_v in_o a_o humble_a manner_n to_o present_v himself_o to_o the_o general_n and_o offer_v his_o realm_n and_o fortune_n to_o his_o disposal_n at_o this_o time_n the_o catilinian_n conspiracy_n break_v out_o more_o famous_a for_o the_o obstinacy_n than_o the_o number_n of_o the_o rebel_n but_o this_o be_v immediate_o extinguish_v by_o the_o timely_a care_n of_o cicero_n and_o the_o happy_a valour_n of_o anthony_n the_o senate_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a success_n of_o pompey_n be_v under_o some_o apprelâ—ension_n of_o his_o affect_v the_o supreme_a command_n at_o his_o return_n and_o alter_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n but_o when_o they_o see_v he_o dismiss_v his_o vast_a army_n at_o brundisium_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o journey_n to_o the_o city_n with_o no_o other_o company_n than_o his_o ordinary_a attendant_n they_o receive_v he_o with_o all_o the_o expression_n of_o complacency_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o splendid_a triumph_n ibid._n triumph_n vell._n paterc_n ibid._n chap._n v._o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o triumvirate_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o twelve_o caesar_n the_o three_o person_n that_o at_o this_o time_n bear_v the_o great_a sway_n in_o the_o state_n be_v crassus_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n the_o first_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o prodigious_a wealth_n pompey_n for_o his_o power_n with_o the_o soldier_n and_o senate_n and_o caesar_n for_o his_o admirable_a eloquence_n and_o a_o peculiar_a nobleness_n of_o spirit_n when_o now_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o consulship_n of_o caesar_n they_o enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a agreement_n to_o let_v nothing_o pass_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n without_o their_o joint_a approbation_n 19_o approbation_n sueten_v in_o jul._n case_n cap._n 19_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o alliance_n they_o have_v in_o a_o little_a time_n procure_v themselves_o the_o three_o best_a province_n in_o the_o empire_n crassus_n asia_n pompey_n spain_n and_o caesar_n gaul_n pompey_n for_o the_o better_a retain_v his_o authority_n in_o the_o city_n choose_v to_o manage_v his_o province_n by_o deputy_n 48._o deputy_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 48._o the_o other_o two_o enter_v on_o their_o government_n in_o person_n but_o crassus_n soon_o after_o in_o a_o expedition_n he_o undertake_v against_o the_o parthian_n have_v the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o lose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o be_v himself_o treacherous_o murder_v crasso_fw-la murder_v plutarch_n in_o crasso_fw-la in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n be_v perform_v miracle_n in_o gaul_n no_o less_o than_o 40000_o of_o the_o enemy_n he_o have_v kill_v and_o take_v more_o prisoner_n and_o nine_o year_n together_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a time_n of_o his_o government_n deserve_v a_o triumph_n for_o the_o action_n of_o every_o campaigne_n 2._o campaigne_n paterc_n lib._n 2._o the_o senate_n amaze_v at_o the_o strange_a relation_n of_o his_o victory_n be_v easy_o incline_v to_o suspect_v his_o power_n so_o that_o take_v the_o opportunity_n when_o he_o petition_v for_o a_o second_o consulship_n they_o order_v he_o to_o disband_v his_o army_n and_o appear_v as_o a_o private_a person_n at_o the_o election_n 49._o election_n ibid._n cap._n 49._o caesar_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o come_v to_o a_o accommodation_n but_o find_v the_o senate_n violent_o averse_a to_o his_o interest_n and_o resolve_v to_o hear_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o first_o propose_v cod_n propose_v ibid._n cap._n cod_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o march_v towards_o italy_n with_o his_o troop_n to_o terrify_v or_o force_v they_o into_o a_o compliance_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o his_o approach_n the_o senate_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n pass_v over_o into_o greece_n he_o enter_v the_o city_n without_o opposition_n and_o create_v himself_o consul_n and_o dictator_n haste_v with_o his_o army_n into_o spain_n where_o the_o troop_n under_o pompey_n deputy_n be_v compel_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o his_o disposal_n with_o this_o reinforcement_n he_o advance_v towards_o macedonia_n where_o the_o senate_n have_v get_v together_o a_o prodigious_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o pompey_n in_o the_o first_o engagement_n he_o receive_v a_o considerable_a defeat_n but_o the_o whole_a power_n on_o both_o side_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o plain_n of_o thessaly_n after_o a_o long_o dispute_v the_o victory_n fall_v to_o caesar_n with_o the_o entire_a ruin_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n pompey_n flee_v direct_o towards_o egypt_n and_o caesar_n with_o his_o victorious_a legion_n immediate_o follow_v hear_v at_o his_o arrival_n that_o pompey_n have_v be_v kill_v by_o order_n of_o king_n ptolemy_n he_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o alexandria_n the_o capital_a city_n and_o have_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n commit_v it_o to_o the_o care_n of_o cleopatra_n sister_n to_o the_o late_a king_n 35._o king_n suet._n in_o jul._n case_n cap._n 35._o scipio_n and_o juba_n he_o soon_o after_o overcome_v in_o africa_n and_o pompey_n two_o son_n in_o spain_n cod_n spain_n ibid._n cap._n cod_n and_o now_o be_v receive_v at_o his_o return_n with_o the_o general_a applause_n of_o the_o people_n and_o senate_n and_o honour_v with_o the_o glorious_a title_n of_o father_n of_o his_o country_n and_o perpetual_a dictator_n he_o be_v design_v a_o expedition_n into_o parthia_n when_o after_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o supreme_a command_n no_o more_o than_o five_o month_n he_o be_v murder_v in_o the_o
anreliâ—â—â—_n but_o his_o noble_a exploit_n be_v the_o conquer_a the_o famous_a zenobia_n queen_n of_o the_o east_n as_o she_o style_v herself_o and_o the_o take_v her_o capital_a city_n palmyra_n at_o his_o return_n to_o rome_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n out_o of_o which_o he_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o captive_n to_o grace_v his_o triumph_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v the_o indian_n arabian_n goth_n frank_n suevian_o saracen_n vandal_n and_o german_n ibid._n german_n ibid._n tacitus_n be_v content_v to_o show_v his_o moderation_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o quiet_a management_n of_o the_o empire_n without_o any_o hostile_a design_n or_o have_v he_o express_v any_o such_o inclination_n his_o short_a reign_n must_v necessary_o have_v hinder_v their_o effect_n probus_n to_o the_o wise_a government_n of_o his_o predecessor_n add_v the_o valour_n and_o conduct_n of_o a_o good_a commander_n it_o be_v he_o that_o oblige_v the_o barbarous_a nation_n to_o quit_v all_o their_o foot_n in_o gaul_n illyricum_n and_o several_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n insomuch_o that_o the_o very_a parthian_n send_v he_o flatter_a letter_n confess_v the_o dismal_a apprehension_n they_o entertain_v of_o his_o design_n against_o their_o country_n and_o beseech_v he_o to_o favour_v they_o with_o a_o peace_n probo_fw-la peace_n eâ—avius_n vopise_v in_o probo_fw-la there_o be_v scarce_o any_o enemy_n leave_v to_o his_o successor_n carus_n except_o the_o persian_n against_o who_o he_o according_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n but_o after_o two_o or_o three_o successful_a engagement_n die_v with_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o thunderbolt_n caro._n thunderbolt_n idem_fw-la in_o caro._n his_o two_o son_n carinus_n and_o numerian_n be_v of_o so_o opposite_a a_o genius_n that_o one_o be_v general_o represent_v as_o the_o worst_a the_o other_o as_o the_o best_a of_o men._n numerian_n be_v soon_o treacherous_o murder_v by_o aper_n who_o together_o with_o the_o other_o emperor_n carinus_n in_o a_o very_a little_a time_n give_v way_n to_o the_o happy_a fortune_n of_o dioclesian_n the_o most_o successful_a of_o the_o latter_a emperor_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o prodigious_a exploit_n in_o egypt_n persia_n and_o armenia_n that_o a_o roman_a author_n ejus_fw-la author_n pomponius_n latus_fw-la in_o vitâ_fw-la ejus_fw-la have_v not_o stick_v to_o compare_v he_o with_o jupiter_n as_o he_o do_v his_o son_n maximian_n with_o hercules_n constantius_n clorus_n and_o galerius_n be_v happy_a than_o most_o of_o their_o predecessor_n by_o die_v as_o they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n live_v in_o peace_n nor_o be_v severus_n and_o maximinian_n on_o any_o account_n very_o remarkable_a except_o for_o leave_v so_o admirable_a a_o successor_n as_o the_o famous_a constantine_n who_o rid_v himself_o of_o his_o two_o competitor_n licinius_n and_o maxentius_n advance_v the_o empire_n to_o its_o ancient_a grandeur_n his_o happy_a war_n and_o wise_a administration_n in_o peace_n have_v gain_v he_o the_o surname_n of_o the_o great_a a_o honour_n unknown_a to_o former_a emperor_n yet_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v just_o repute_v unfortunate_a that_o by_o remove_v the_o imperial_a seat_n from_o rome_n to_o constantinople_n he_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o italy_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o constantine_n the_o great_a to_o the_o take_n of_o rome_n by_o odoacer_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n though_o the_o three_o son_n of_o constantine_n at_o first_o divide_v the_o empire_n into_o three_o distinct_a principality_n yet_o it_o be_v afterward_o reunite_v under_o the_o long_a survivor_n constantius_n the_o war_n between_o he_o and_o magnentius_n as_o they_o prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o tyrant_n so_o be_v they_o extreme_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o whole_a state_n which_o aâ—_n this_o time_n be_v involve_v in_o such_o unhappy_a difficulty_n as_o to_o be_v very_o unable_a to_o bear_v so_o excessive_a a_o loss_n of_o man_n no_o less_o than_o 54000_o be_v kill_v on_o both_o side_n laetus_n side_n pompon_n laetus_n and_o perhaps_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n of_o the_o ill_a success_n which_o constant_o attend_v that_o emperor_n in_o the_o eastern_a war_n for_o the_o persian_n be_v all_o along_o his_o superior_n and_o when_o at_o last_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o condition_n lay_v on_o their_o side_n julian_n as_o he_o take_v effectual_a care_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o other_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o his_o design_n against_o the_o most_o formidable_a enemy_n the_o persian_n have_v all_o appearance_n of_o success_n but_o that_o he_o lose_v his_o life_n before_o they_o can_v be_v full_o put_v in_o execution_n jovian_a be_v no_o soon_o elect_v emperor_n but_o be_v under_o some_o apprehension_n of_o a_o rival_n in_o the_o west_n he_o immediate_o strike_v up_o a_o most_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o persian_n at_o the_o price_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n nisibis_n and_o all_o mesopotamia_n for_o which_o base_a action_n as_o he_o do_v not_o fail_v of_o a_o invective_n from_o every_o historian_n so_o particular_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n 25._o marcellinus_n lib._n 25._o and_o zozimus_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o roman_a governor_n who_o resign_v up_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n upon_o any_o account_n valentinian_n the_o first_o have_v general_o the_o character_n of_o a_o excellent_a prince_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v more_o studious_a of_o oblige_v his_o subject_n by_o a_o easy_a and_o quiet_a government_n than_o desirous_a of_o act_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o encroach_a enemy_n gratian_n too_o though_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o experience_n in_o war_n be_v able_a to_o do_v no_o more_o than_o to_o settle_v the_o single_a province_n of_o gaul_n but_o he_o be_v extreme_o applaud_v by_o historian_n for_o take_v such_o extraordinary_a care_n in_o the_o business_n of_o a_o successor_n for_o be_v very_o sensible_a how_o every_o day_n produce_v worse_a effect_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o the_o state_n if_o not_o at_o the_o last_o gasp_n yet_o be_v very_o nigh_o beyond_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n he_o make_v it_o his_o whole_a study_n to_o sin_v out_o a_o person_n that_o shall_v in_o all_o respect_n be_v capacitate_v for_o the_o noble_a work_n of_o the_o deliverance_n of_o his_o country_n the_o man_n he_o pitch_v upon_o be_v theodosius_n a_o native_a of_o spain_n who_o be_v now_o invest_v with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o east_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o gratian_n remain_v sole_a emperor_n and_o indeed_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n he_o answer_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o world_n prove_v the_o most_o resolute_a defender_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o its_o decline_a age._n but_o for_o his_o colleague_n valentinian_n the_o second_o he_o be_v cut_v off_o without_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v our_o notice_n under_o honorius_n thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a desperate_a state_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n get_v ground_n on_o all_o side_n and_o make_v every_o day_n some_o diminution_n in_o the_o empire_n till_o at_o last_o alaric_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n waste_v all_o italy_n proceed_v to_o rome_n itself_o and_o be_v content_v to_o set_v a_o few_o building_n on_o fire_n and_o rifle_v the_o treasury_n retire_v with_o his_o army_n lat._n army_n paul_n diacon_n &_o pompon_n lat._n so_o that_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o disgrace_n than_o a_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n and_o nero_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v more_o mischief_n when_o he_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n in_o jest_n than_o it_o now_o suffer_v from_o the_o barbarous_a conqueror_n valentinian_n the_o three_o at_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o empire_n give_v great_a hope_n of_o his_o prove_v the_o author_n of_o a_o happy_a revolution_n lat._n revolution_n pompon_n lat._n and_o he_o be_v very_o fortunate_a in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o famous_a attila_n the_o hun_n but_o his_o imprudence_n in_o put_v to_o death_n his_o best_a commander_n aetius_n hasten_v very_o much_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a cause_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n now_o carry_v all_o before_o they_o without_o any_o considerable_a opposition_n by_o this_o time_n the_o state_n be_v give_v over_o as_o desperate_a and_o what_o prince_n follow_v till_o the_o take_n of_o the_o city_n by_o odoacer_n be_v only_o a_o company_n of_o miserable_a short-lived_a tyrant_n remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o the_o meanness_n of_o their_o extraction_n and_o the_o poorness_n of_o their_o government_n so_o that_o historian_n general_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n or_o at_o most_o with_o the_o bare_a mention_n of_o their_o name_n the_o best_a account_n of_o they_o we_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v as_o follow_v maximus_n who_o in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o promotion_n have_v procure_v the_o murder_n oâ—_n
on_o the_o pilaster_n be_v true_a be_v the_o work_n of_o phidias_n and_o praxiteles_n 3._o praxiteles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o numa_n 2._o numa_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 2._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v mons_fw-la esquilinus_n and_o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la to_o the_o south_n the_o forum_n of_o caesar_n and_o nerva_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la and_o the_o campus_n martius_n 3._o martius_n fabricis_fw-la roma_fw-la cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v almost_o three_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la coelius_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o coelius_n or_o coele_n a_o famous_a tuscan_a general_n who_o pitch_v his_o tent_n here_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o romulus_n against_o the_o sabine_n 4._o sabine_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o livy_n 30._o livy_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 30._o and_o dionysius_n 3._o dionysius_n lib._n 3._o attribute_v the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_z tullus_z hostilius_n but_o strabo_n 5._o strabo_n geograph_n lib._n 5._o to_o ancus_n martius_n the_o other_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v sometime_o know_v be_v querculanus_n or_o quercetulanus_n and_o augustus_n the_o first_o occasion_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o oak_n grow_v there_o the_o other_o impose_v by_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n when_o he_o have_v raise_v new_a building_n upon_o it_o after_o a_o fire_n 48._o fire_n tacit._n ann._n 4._o suet._n in_o tib._n cap._n 48._o one_o part_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v call_v coeliolus_n and_o minor_a coelius_n 3._o coelius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city-wall_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la aventinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la esquilinus_n ibid._n esquilinus_n ibid._n in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la esquilinus_n be_v ancient_o call_v cispius_n and_o opius_n 3._o opius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o the_o name_n of_o esquilinus_n be_v vary_v for_o the_o easy_a pronounciation_n from_o exquilinus_n a_o corruption_n of_o excubinus_n ab_fw-la excubiis_fw-la from_o the_o watch_n that_o romulus_n keep_v here_o 8._o here_o vid._n propert._n lib._n 2._o eleg._n 8._o it_o be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 44._o tullius_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 44._o who_o have_v here_o his_o royal_a seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n varro_z will_v have_v the_o esquiliae_n to_o be_v proper_o two_o mountain_n 4._o mountain_n de_fw-fr ling._n latin_n lib._n 4._o which_o opinion_n have_v be_v since_o approve_v of_o by_o a_o curious_a observer_n 1._o observer_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o via_fw-la labicana_n to_o the_o west_n the_o valley_n lie_v between_o mons_fw-la coelius_n and_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n viminalis_fw-la 3._o viminalis_fw-la fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o four_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vimina_fw-la the_o vimina_fw-la osier_n that_o grow_v there_o in_o great_a plenty_n this_o hill_n be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 4._o tullius_n diony_n lib._n 4._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n esquilinus_n and_o to_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o suburra_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vallis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n two_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aventinus_n have_v give_v great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n among_o the_o critic_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o aventinus_n a_o alban_n king_n 4._o king_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o some_o from_o the_o river_n aven_n ibid._n aven_n ibid._n and_o other_o ab_fw-la avibus_fw-la from_o the_o bird_n which_o use_v to_o fly_v hither_o in_o great_a flock_n from_o the_o tiber_n ibid._n tiber_n ibid._n it_o be_v call_v too_o murcius_n from_o murcia_n the_o goddess_n of_o sleep_n who_o have_v here_o a_o sacellum_fw-la or_o little_a temple_n festus_n temple_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n collis_n dianae_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n martial_a diana_n martial_a and_o remonius_a from_o remus_n who_o will_v have_v have_v the_o city_n begin_v in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v here_o bury_v romal_n bury_v plutarch_n in_o romal_n a._n gellius_n affirm_v 14._o affirm_v lib._n 13._o cap._n 14._o that_o this_o hill_n be_v all_o along_o repute_v sacred_a be_v never_o enclose_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n till_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n but_o eutropius_n 1._o eutropius_n lib._n 1._o express_o attribute_n the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_o ancus_n maritius_n and_o a_o old_a epigram_n insert_v by_o caspinian_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o cassiodorus_n confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n to_o the_o west_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n 3._o palatinus_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o circuit_n eighteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n 1._o quarter_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 1._o beside_o these_o seven_o principal_a hill_n three_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n be_v take_v in_o in_o late_a time_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la or_o hortorum_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a garden_n of_o sallust_n adjoin_v to_o it_o 11._o it_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v pincius_n from_o the_o pincii_n a_o noble_a family_n who_o have_v here_o their_o seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n the_o emperor_n aurelian_a first_o enclose_v it_o within_o the_o city_n wall_n ibid._n wall_n ibid._n to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o plain_a part_n of_o mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o west_n the_o vallis_n martia_n to_o the_o north_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n 3._o city_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o eighteen_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_a lib_n 1._o câ—p_n 1._o janiculum_n or_o janicularis_fw-la be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o a_o old_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o janus_n or_o because_o janus_n dwell_v and_o be_v bury_v here_o 11._o here_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o or_o because_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o janua_n of_o janua_n gate_n to_o the_o roman_n whence_o they_o issue_v out_o upon_o the_o tuscan_n festus_n tuscan_n festus_n the_o sparkle_v sand_n have_v at_o present_a give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aureus_fw-la and_o by_o corruption_n montorius_n 3._o montorius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o we_o may_v make_v two_o observation_n about_o this_o hill_n from_o one_o epigram_n of_o martial_a that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a place_n to_o take_v once_o stand_v for_o a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o it_o be_v less_o inhabit_v than_o the_o other_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o air_n 64._o air_n marlial_a epig._n lib._n 4._o ep._n 64._o it_o be_v still_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o numa_n and_o statius_n the_o poet_n 3._o poet_n fabricii_n rom._n lib_n 1._o cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vatican_n ibid._n vatican_n ibid._n in_o circuit_n as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n wall_n five_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la vaticanus_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o vates_fw-la or_o prophet_n that_o use_v to_o be_v give_v here_o or_o from_o the_o god_n vaticanus_n or_o vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v enclose_v within_o the_o wall_n till_o the_o time_n of_o aurelian_a this_o hill_n be_v former_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n some_o remain_v of_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v 2._o see_v warcup_n hist_n of_o italy_n book_n 2._o but_o it_o be_v more_o celebrate_v at_o present_a on_o the_o account_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n the_o pope_n palace_n and_o the_o noble_a library_n in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n vatioanus_n and_o the_o river_n to_o the_o south_n the_o janiculum_n to_o the_o west_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n or_o potter_n field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o prata_n quintia_n 3._o quintia_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o it_o lie_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n draw_v up_o very_o high_a the_o convex_a part_n stretch_v almost_o a_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n the_o great_a we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v in_o the_o
reign_n of_o valerian_n who_o enlarge_v the_o wall_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o surround_v the_o space_n of_o fifty_o mile_n aâ—râ—â—tano_n mile_n vopâ—sâ—â—_n in_o aâ—râ—â—tano_n the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o its_o flourish_a state_n lipsius_n compute_v at_o four_o million_o roman_n million_o de_fw-fr magnitud_n roman_n at_o present_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n be_v not_o above_o thirteen_o miles_n 2._o miles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 2._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o city_n into_o tribe_n and_o region_n and_o of_o the_o gate_n and_o bridges_n romulus_n divide_v his_o little_a city_n into_o three_o tribe_n and_o servius_n tullius_n add_v a_o four_o which_o division_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n it_o be_v he_o first_o appoint_v the_o fourteen_o region_n or_o ward_n a_o account_n of_o which_o with_o the_o number_n of_o temple_n bath_n etc._n etc._n in_o every_o region_n may_v be_v thus_o take_v from_o the_o accurate_a panvinius_n region_n i._o porta_fw-la capena_n street_n 9_o luci_n 3_o temple_n 4._o aedes_fw-la 6._o public_a bath_n 6._o arch_n 4._o barn_n 14._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 121._o the_o whole_a compass_n 13223_o foot_n region_n ii_o coelimontium_fw-la street_n 12._o luci_n 2._o temple_n 5._o the_o public_a bath_n of_o the_o city_n private_a bath_n so._n the_o great_a shambles_n barn_n 23._o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 133._o the_o compass_n 13200_o foot_n region_n iii_o isis_n and_o serapis_n street_n 8._o temple_n 2._o the_o amphitheatre_n of_o vespasian_n the_o bath_n of_o titus_n trajan_n and_o philip._n barn_n 29_o or_o 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 160._o the_o compass_n 12450_o foot_n region_n iu_o via_fw-la sacra_fw-la or_o templum_fw-la pacis_fw-la street_n 8._o temple_n 10._o the_o colossus_n of_o the_o sun_n 120_o foot_n high_a the_o arch_n of_o titus_n severus_n and_o constantine_n private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 24._o great_a house_n 138._o the_o compass_n 14000_o or_o as_o some_o say_v only_o 8000_o foot_n region_n v._o esqvilina_n street_n 15._o luci_n 8._o temple_n 6._o aedes_fw-la 5._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 23._o mill_n 22._o great_a house_n 180._o the_o compass_n 15950_o foot_n region_n vi_o acta_fw-la semita_fw-la street_n 12_o or_o 13._o temple_n 15._o portico_n 2._o circi_fw-la 2._o fora_n 2._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 15600_o foot_n region_n vii_o via_fw-la lata_fw-la street_n 40._o temple_n 4._o private_a bath_n 75._o arch_n 3._o mill_n 17._o barn_n 25._o great_a house_n 120._o the_o compass_n 23700_o foot_n region_n viii_o forum_n romanum_fw-la street_n 12._o temple_n 21._o private_a bath_n 66._o aedes_fw-la 10._o portico_n 9_o arch_n 4._o fora_n 7._o curiae_fw-la 4._o basilicae_fw-la 7._o column_n 6._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 14867_o foot_n region_n ix_o circus_n flaminius_n street_n 30._o temple_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 20._o portico_n 12._o circi_fw-la 2._o theatre_n 4._o basilicae_fw-la 3_o curiae_fw-la 2._o thermae_n 5._o arch_n 2._o column_n 2._o mill_n 32._o barn_n 32._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 30560_o foot_n region_n x._o palatium_fw-la street_n 7._o temple_n 10._o aedes_fw-la 9_o theatre_n 1._o curiae_fw-la 4._o private_a bath_n 15._o mill_n 12._o barn_n 16._o great_a house_n 109._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xi_o circus_n maximus_n street_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 22._o private_a bath_n 15._o barn_n 16._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xii_o piscina_fw-la publica_fw-la street_n 12._o aedes_fw-la 2._o private_a bath_n 68_o barn_n 28._o mill_n 25._o great_a house_n 128._o the_o compass_n 12000_o foot_n region_n xiii_o aventinus_n street_n 17._o luci_n 6._o temple_n 6._o private_a bath_n 74._o barn_n 36._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 16300_o foot_n region_n fourteen_o transtiberina_fw-la street_n 23._o aedes_fw-la 6._o private_a bath_n 136._o barn_n 22._o mill_n 32._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 33409_o foot_n as_o to_o the_o gate_n romulus_n build_v only_o three_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o four_o at_o most_o but_o as_o building_n be_v enlarge_v the_o gate_n be_v according_o multiply_v so_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v thirty_o four_o in_o his_o time_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v porta_n flumentana_n so_o call_v because_o if_o stand_v near_o the_o river_n porta_n flaminâ—a_o owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o flaminian_a way_n which_o begin_v there_o porta_n carmentalis_n build_v by_o romulus_n and_o so_o call_v from_o carmenta_n the_o prophetess_n mother_n of_o evander_n porta_n naevia_n which_o varro_n derive_v à _fw-la nemoribus_fw-la from_o the_o wood_n which_o former_o stand_v near_o it_o porta_n saliana_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o salt_n which_o the_o sabine_n use_v to_o bring_v in_o at_o that_o gate_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o supply_v the_o city_n porta_n capena_n call_v so_o from_o capena_n a_o old_a city_n of_o italy_n to_o which_o the_o way_n lay_v through_o this_o gate_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v appia_n from_o appius_n the_o censor_n and_o triumphalis_fw-la from_o the_o triumph_n in_o which_o the_o procession_n common_o pass_v under_o here_o and_o fontinalis_n from_o the_o aqueduct_n which_o be_v raise_v over_o it_o whence_o juvenal_n call_v it_o madida_fw-la capena_n and_o martial_a capena_n grandi_fw-la porta_n quae_fw-la pluit_fw-la guttâ_fw-la the_o tiber_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o eight_o bridge_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o set_v down_o by_o marlian_n milvius_n aelius_n vaticanus_n janiculensis_n cestius_n fabricius_n palatinus_n and_o sublicius_fw-la chap._n iii_o of_o the_o place_n of_o worship_n particular_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o luci._n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o make_v a_o short_a observation_n about_o the_o general_a name_n under_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o author_n templum_fw-la then_o be_v a_o place_n which_o have_v not_o be_v only_o dedicate_v to_o some_o deity_n but_o withal_o formal_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n aedes_fw-la sacrâ—_n be_v such_o as_o want_v that_o consecration_n which_o if_o they_o afterward_o receive_v they_o change_v their_o name_n to_o temple_n delubrum_fw-la according_a to_o servius_n be_v a_o place_n that_o under_o one_o roof_n comprehend_v several_a deity_n aelicula_n be_v only_o a_o diminutive_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o little_a aedes_fw-la sacellum_fw-la may_v be_v derive_v the_o same_o way_n from_o aedes_fw-la sacra_fw-la festus_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o place_n sacred_a to_o the_o god_n without_o a_o roof_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o reckon_v up_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o all_o the_o temple_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n the_o most_o celebrate_a on_o all_o account_n be_v the_o capitel_a and_o the_o pantheon_n capitolium_fw-la templ_n pantheon_n vulgo_fw-la rotunda_n the_o capitol_n or_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o vow_n make_v by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o the_o sabine_a war_n 1._o war_n liv._o lib._n 1._o but_o he_o have_v scarce_o lay_v the_o foundation_n before_o his_o death_n his_o nephew_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a finish_v it_o with_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n ibid._n nation_n ibid._n but_o upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n the_o consecration_n be_v perform_v by_o horatius_n the_o consul_n poplicol_n consul_n plutarch_n in_o poplicol_n the_o structure_n stand_v on_o a_o high_a ridge_n take_v in_o four_o acre_n of_o ground_n the_o front_n be_v adorn_v with_o three_o row_v of_o of_o pillar_n the_o other_o side_n with_o two_o halicar_n two_o diony_n halicar_n the_o ascent_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v by_o a_o hundred_o step_n tacitus_n step_n tacitus_n the_o prodigious_a gift_n and_o ornament_n with_o which_o it_o be_v at_o several_a time_n endow_v almost_o exceed_v belief_n suetonius_n 30._o suetonius_n in_o august_n cap._n 30._o tell_v we_o that_o augustus_n give_v at_o one_o time_n two_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o jewel_n and_o precious_a stone_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o sesterce_n livy_n and_o pliny_n etc._n pliny_n liv._o lib._n 10_o 35_o 38._o plmy_a lib._n 33_o etc._n etc._n surprise_v we_o with_o account_n of_o the_o brazen_a threshold_n the_o noble_a pillar_n that_o sylla_n remove_v hither_o from_o athens_n out_o of_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n the_o gild_a roof_n the_o gild_a shield_n and_o those_o of_o solid_a silver_n the_o huge_a vessel_n of_o silver_n hold_v three_o measure_n the_o golden_a chariot_n etc._n etc._n this_o temple_n be_v first_o consume_v by_o sire_n in_o the_o marian_n war_n and_o then_o rebuilt_a by_o sylla_n who_o die_v before_o the_o dedication_n leave_v that_o honour_n to_o quintus_fw-la catulus_n this_o
too_o be_v demolish_v in_o the_o vitellian_a sedition_n vespasian_n undertake_v a_o three_o which_o be_v burn_v down_o about_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n domitian_n raise_v the_o last_o and_o most_o glorious_a of_o all_o in_o which_o the_o very_a gild_v amount_v to_o twelve_o thousand_o talent_n poplicolâ_fw-la talent_n plutarch_n in_o poplicolâ_fw-la on_o which_o account_n plutarch_n ibid._n plutarch_n ibid._n have_v observe_v of_o that_o emperor_n that_o he_o be_v like_o midas_n desirous_a of_o turn_v every_o thing_n into_o gold_n there_o be_v very_o little_o remain_v of_o it_o at_o present_a yet_o enough_o to_o make_v a_o christian_a church_n 9_o church_n fabric_n roma_fw-it cap._n 9_o the_o pantheon_n be_v build_v by_o marcus_n agrippa_n son-in-law_n to_o augustus_n caesar_n and_o dedicate_v either_o to_o jupiter_n vltor_n or_o to_o mars_n and_o venus_n or_o more_o probable_o to_o all_o the_o god_n in_o general_a as_o the_o very_a name_n quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d imply_v the_o structure_n according_a to_o fabricius_n ibid._n fabricius_n ibid._n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o foot_n high_a and_o about_o the_o same_o breadth_n but_o a_o late_a author_n have_v increase_v the_o number_n of_o foot_n to_o a_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o the_o roof_n be_v curious_o vault_v void_a place_n be_v leave_v here_o and_o there_o for_o the_o great_a strength_n the_o rafter_n be_v piece_n of_o brass_n of_o forty_o foot_n in_o length_n there_o be_v no_o window_n in_o the_o whole_a edifice_n only_o a_o round_a hole_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o roof_n which_o serve_v very_o well_o for_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o light_n diametrical_o under_o be_v cut_v a_o curious_a gutter_n to_o receive_v the_o rain_n the_o wall_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v either_o solid_a marble_n or_o incrusted_a 6._o incrusted_a marlian_n topog._n rom._n antiq._n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o front_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v cover_v with_o brazen_a plate_n gild_v the_o top_n with_o silver_n plate_n which_o be_v now_o change_v to_o lead_v 9_o lead_v ibid._n &_o fabric_n rom._n cap._n 9_o the_o gate_n be_v brass_n of_o extraordinary_a work_n and_o bigness_n ibid._n bigness_n marlian_n ibid._n the_o temple_n be_v still_o stand_v with_o little_a alteration_n beside_o the_o joss_n of_o the_o old_a ornament_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o christian_a church_n by_o pope_n boniface_n iii_o or_o as_o polydore_v virgil_n 8._o virgil_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 8._o have_v it_o by_o boniface_n iv_o dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n and_o all_o saint_n though_o the_o general_a name_n be_v st._n marry_o de_fw-fr rotonda_n 9_o rotonda_n fabric_n cap._n 9_o the_o most_o remarkable_a difference_n be_v that_o whereas_o heretofore_o they_o ascend_v by_o twelve_o step_n they_o now_o go_v down_o as_o many_o to_o the_o entrance_n ibid._n entrance_n ibid._n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o consecration_n of_o temple_n a_o piece_n of_o superstition_n very_o well_o worth_a our_o notice_n we_o can_v better_o apprehend_v than_o by_o the_o follow_a account_n which_o tacitus_n give_v we_o of_o that_o solemnity_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o capitol_n when_o repair_v by_o vespasian_n though_o perhaps_o the_o chief_a rite_n be_v celebrate_v upon_o the_o entire_a raise_n of_o the_o structure_n this_o be_v probable_o intend_v only_o for_o the_o hallow_v the_o floor_n vndecimo_fw-la kalendas_fw-la julias_n 4._o julias_n hist_o lib._n 4._o etc._n etc._n upon_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n be_v a_o very_a clear_a day_n the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n design_v for_o the_o temple_n be_v bind_v about_o with_o filler_n and_o garland_n such_o of_o the_o soldier_n as_o have_v lucky_a name_n enter_v first_o with_o bough_n in_o their_o hand_n take_v from_o those_o tree_n which_o the_o god_n more_o especial_o delight_v in_o next_o come_v the_o vestal_a virgin_n with_o boy_n and_o girl_n who_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v live_v and_o sprinkle_v the_o place_n with_o brook-water_n riverwater_n and_o spring-water_n then_o helvidius_n priscus_n the_o praetor_n plautus_n elian_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a priest_n go_v before_o he_o after_o he_o have_v perform_v the_o solemn_a sacrifice_n of_o a_o swine_n a_o sheep_n and_o a_o bullock_n for_o the_o purgation_n of_o the_o floor_n and_o lay_v the_o entrail_n upon_o a_o green_a turf_n humble_o beseech_v jupiter_n juno_n minerva_n and_o the_o other_o deity_n protector_n of_o the_o empire_n that_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o prosper_v their_o present_a undertake_n and_o accomplish_v by_o their_o divine_a assistance_n what_o human_a piety_n have_v thus_o begin_v have_v conclude_v his_o prayer_n he_o put_v his_o hand_n to_o the_o fillet_n to_o which_o the_o rope_n with_o a_o great_a stone_n fasten_v in_o they_o have_v be_v tie_v for_o this_o occasion_n when_o immediate_o the_o whole_a company_n of_o priest_n senators_z knight_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o common_a people_n lay_v hold_n together_o on_o the_o rope_n with_o all_o expression_n of_o joy_n draw_v the_o stone_n into_o the_o trench_n design_v for_o the_o foundation_n throw_v in_o wedge_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o metal_n which_o have_v never_o endure_v the_o fire_n some_o curious_a person_n have_v observe_v this_o similitude_n between_o the_o shape_n of_o these_o old_a temple_n and_o our_o modern_a church_n that_o they_o have_v one_o apartment_n more_o holy_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o they_o term_v cella_n answer_v to_o our_o chancel_n or_o choir_n that_o the_o portico_n in_o the_o side_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o our_o isle_n and_o that_o our_o navis_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o church_n be_v a_o imitation_n of_o their_o basilica_n 3._o basilica_n polletus_fw-la hist_n roman_n flori_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o there_o be_v two_o other_o temple_n particular_o worth_a our_o notice_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o magnificence_n of_o the_o structure_n as_o for_o the_o custom_n that_o depend_v upon_o they_o and_o the_o remarkable_a use_n to_o which_o they_o be_v put_v these_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o saturn_n and_o janus_n the_o first_o be_v famous_a upon_o account_n of_o serve_v for_o the_o public_a treasury_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o some_o fancy_n to_o have_v be_v because_o saturn_n first_o teach_v the_o italian_n to_o coin_v money_n or_o as_o plutarch_n conjecture_n because_o in_o the_o golden_a age_n under_o saturn_n all_o person_n be_v honest_a and_o sincere_a and_o the_o name_n of_o fraud_n and_o covetousness_n unknown_a in_o the_o world_n problem_n world_n plutarch_n in_o problem_n but_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v no_o more_o in_o it_o than_o that_o this_o temple_n be_v one_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o so_o the_o fit_a for_o that_o use_n here_o be_v preserve_v all_o the_o public_a register_n and_o record_n among_o which_o be_v the_o libri_fw-la elephantini_n or_o great_a ivory_n table_n contain_v a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o tribe_n and_o the_o scheme_n of_o the_o public_a account_n the_o other_o be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o building_n some_o say_v of_o entire_a brass_n so_o large_a as_o to_o contain_v a_o statue_n of_o janus_n five_o foot_n high_a with_o brazen_a gate_n of_o each_o side_n which_o use_v always_o to_o be_v keep_v open_a in_o war_n and_o shut_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n 8._o peace_n vid._n marhan_n topog._n rom._n antiq._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 8._o but_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o continual_o engage_v in_o quarrel_n that_o we_o find_v the_o last_o custom_n but_o seldom_o put_v in_o practice_n first_o all_o the_o long_a reign_n of_o numa_n second_o a._n v._o c._n 519._o upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o first_o punic_n war._n three_o by_o augustus_n a._n v._o c._n 725._o and_o twice_o more_o by_o the_o same_o emperor_n a._n v._o c._n 729._o and_o again_o about_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n birth_n then_o by_o nero_n a._n v._o c._n 811._o afterward_o by_o vespasian_n a._n v._o c._n 824._o and_o last_o by_o constantius_n when_o upon_o magnentius_n death_n he_o be_v leave_v sole_a possessor_n of_o the_o empire_n a._n v._o c._n 1105_o 22._o 1105_o with_fw-mi casanbon_n not._n ad_fw-la sueton._n august_n cap._n 22._o of_o this_o custom_n virgil_n give_v we_o a_o noble_a description_n â—unt_fw-la geminae_fw-la belli_n porte_fw-fr sic_fw-la nomine_fw-la dicunt_fw-la relligione_fw-la sacrae_fw-la &_o saevi_fw-la formidine_fw-la martis_n centum_fw-la aerei_fw-la clandunt_fw-la vectes_fw-la aeternaque_fw-la ferri_fw-la robora_fw-la nec_fw-la custos_fw-la absistit_fw-la limine_fw-la janus_n have_v ubi_fw-la certa_fw-la cedet_fw-la patribus_fw-la sententia_fw-la pugnae_fw-la ipse_fw-la quâ—cinali_n trabeà _fw-la cinctuque_fw-la gabino_n insignis_fw-la reserat_fw-la stridentia_fw-la limina_fw-la consul_n ipse_fw-la voeat_fw-la pugnas_fw-la 7._o pugnas_fw-la virg._n aen_n 7._o sacred_a to_o mars_n two_o stately_a gate_n appear_v make_v awful_a by_o the_o dread_a of_o arm_n and_o war_n a_o hundred_o brazen_a bolr_n from_o impious_a power_n and_o everlasting_a bar_n the_o dome_n secure_a and_o
from_o the_o shop_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o they_o or_o margaritaria_n and_o argentaria_n or_o from_o the_o remarkable_a paint_n in_o they_o as_o porticus_fw-la isidis_n europae_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o join_v as_o porticus_fw-la amphitheatri_fw-la porticus_fw-la circi_fw-la etc._n etc._n 13._o etc._n fabricii_n roma_n cap_n 13._o these_o portico_n be_v sometime_o put_v to_o very_o serious_a use_n serve_v for_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o senate_n on_o several_a account_n sometime_o the_o jeweller_n and_o such_o as_o deal_v in_o the_o most_o precious_a ware_n take_v up_o here_o their_o stand_v to_o expose_v their_o good_n to_o sale_n but_o the_o general_a use_n that_o they_o be_v put_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o walk_v or_o ride_v in_o they_o in_o the_o shade_n in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n in_o the_o dry_a like_o the_o present_a piazza_n in_o italy_n velleius_n paterculus_n â—_o paterculus_n lib._n 〈◊〉_d 4._o â—_o when_o he_o deplore_v the_o extreme_a corruption_n of_o manner_n that_o have_v creep_v into_o roâ—e_n upon_o the_o happy_a conclusion_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a war_n mention_n particular_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o nobleman_n in_o endeavour_v to_o outshine_v one_o another_o in_o the_o magnificence_n of_o their_o portico_n as_o a_o great_a instance_n of_o their_o extravagant_a luxury_n and_o juvenal_n in_o his_o seven_o satyr_n complain_v balnea_fw-la sexcentis_fw-la &_o pluris_fw-la porticus_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la gestatur_fw-la dominus_fw-la quoties_fw-la pluit_fw-la anne_n serenum_fw-la expectet_fw-la spargatve_n luto_fw-la jumenta_fw-la recenti_fw-la hic_fw-la potius_fw-la namque_fw-la hic_fw-la mund_o e_o nitet_fw-la ungula_fw-la mulae_fw-la on_o sumptuous_a bath_n the_o rich_a their_o wealth_n bestow_v or_o some_o expensive_a airy_a portico_n where_o safe_a from_o shower_n they_o may_v be_v bear_v in_o state_n and_o free_a from_o tempest_n for_o fair_a wether_n wait_v or_o rather_o not_o expect_v the_o clear_n sun_n through_o thick_a and_o thin_a their_o equipage_n must_v run_v or_o stay_v it_o be_v not_o for_o their_o servant_n sake_n but_o that_o their_o mule_n no_o prejudice_n may_v take_v mr._n charles_n dryden_n arch_n be_v public_a building_n design_v for_o the_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n of_o noble_a erterprise_n erect_v general_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o such_o eminent_a person_n as_o have_v either_o win_v a_o victory_n of_o extraordinary_a consequence_n abroad_o or_o have_v rescue_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o home_n from_o any_o considerable_a danger_n at_o first_o they_o be_v plain_a and_o rude_a structure_n by_o no_o mean_n remarkable_a for_o beauty_n or_o state_n but_o in_o late_a time_n no_o expense_n be_v think_v too_o great_a for_o the_o render_v they_o in_o the_o high_a manner_n splendid_a and_o magnificent_a no_o thing_n be_v more_o usual_a than_o to_o have_v the_o great_a action_n of_o the_o hero_n they_o stand_v to_o honour_n curious_o express_v or_o the_o whole_a procession_n of_o the_o triumph_n cut_v out_o on_o the_o side_n the_o arch_n build_v by_o romulus_n be_v only_o of_o brick_n that_o of_o camillus_n of_o plain_a square_a stone_n but_o then_o those_o of_o caesar_n drâ—sâ—â—_n titus_n trajan_n gordian_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o entire_o marble_n 14._o marble_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 14._o as_o to_o their_o figure_n they_o be_v at_o first_o semicircular_a whence_o probable_o they_o take_v their_o name_n afterward_o they_o be_v build_v foursquare_a with_o a_o spacious_a arch_a gate_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o little_a one_o on_o each_o side_n upon_o the_o vault_a part_n of_o the_o middle_a gate_n hang_v little_o wing_a image_n represent_v victory_n with_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n which_o when_o they_o be_v let_v down_o they_o put_v upon_o the_o conqueror_n head_n as_o he_o pass_v under_o in_o triumph_n 14._o triumph_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 14._o the_o column_n or_o pillar_n be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a beauty_n of_o the_o city_n they_o be_v at_o last_o convert_v to_o the_o same_o design_n as_o the_o arch_n for_o the_o honourable_a memorial_n of_o some_o noble_a victory_n or_o exploit_n after_o they_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n in_o use_n for_o the_o chief_a ornament_n of_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o great_a man_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o homer_n iliad_n 16._o where_o juno_n when_o she_o be_v foretell_v the_o death_n of_o sarpedon_n and_o speak_v at_o last_o of_o carry_v he_o into_o his_o own_o country_n to_o be_v bury_v have_v these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o shall_v his_o brother_n and_o sad_a friend_n receive_v the_o breathless_a corpse_n and_o bear_v it_o to_o the_o grave_a a_o pillar_n shall_v be_v rear_v a_o tomb_n be_v lay_v the_o noble_a honour_n that_o reward_v the_o dead_a the_o pillar_n of_o the_o emperor_n trajan_n and_o antoninus_n have_v be_v extreme_o admire_v for_o their_o beauty_n and_o curious_a work_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v a_o particular_a description_n the_o former_a be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o trajan_n forum_n be_v compose_v of_o solid_a stone_n but_o so_o curious_o cement_v as_o to_o seem_v one_o entire_a natural_a stone_n the_o height_n be_v 144_o foot_n according_a to_o eutropius_n 8._o eutropius_n hist_o lib._n 8._o though_o marlian_n 13._o marlian_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o seem_v to_o make_v they_o but_o 128_o yet_o they_o be_v easy_o reconcile_v if_o we_o suppose_v one_o of_o they_o to_o have_v begin_v the_o measure_n from_o the_o pillar_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o basis_n it_o be_v ascend_v on_o the_o inside_n by_o 185_o wind_a stair_n and_o have_v forty_o little_a window_n for_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o light_n the_o whole_a pillar_n be_v incrusted_a with_o marble_n in_o which_o be_v express_v all_o the_o noble_a action_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o particular_o the_o dacian_a war._n one_o may_v see_v all_o over_o the_o several_a figure_n of_o fort_n bulwark_n bridge_n ship_n etc._n etc._n and_o all_o manner_n of_o arm_n as_o shield_n helmet_n target_n sword_n spear_n dagger_n belt_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o several_a office_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o soldier_n some_o dig_v trench_n some_o measure_n out_o a_o place_n for_o the_o tent_n and_o other_o make_v a_o triumphal_a procession_n 7._o procession_n fabricius_n cap._n 7._o but_o the_o noble_a ornament_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v the_o statue_n of_o trajan_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o gigantic_a bigness_n be_v no_o less_o than_o twenty_o foot_n high_a he_o be_v represent_v in_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n proper_a to_o the_o general_n hold_v in_o his_o left_a hand_n a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o right_n a_o hollow_a globe_n of_o gold_n in_o which_o his_o own_o ash_n be_v reposit_v after_o his_o death_n 11._o death_n casalius_n pars_fw-la 1._o cap._n 11._o the_o column_n of_o antoninus_n be_v raise_v in_o imitation_n of_o this_o which_o it_o exceed_v only_o in_o one_o respect_n that_o it_o be_v 176_o foot_n high_a 13._o high_a marlian_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 13._o for_o the_o work_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o former_a as_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o decline_a age_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o ascent_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v by_o 106_o stair_n and_o the_o window_n in_o the_o side_n 56._o the_o sculpture_n and_o other_o ornament_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o those_o of_o the_o first_o and_o on_o the_o top_n stand_v a_o colossus_n of_o the_o emperor_n naked_a as_o appear_v from_o some_o of_o his_o coin_n ibid._n coin_n ibid._n both_o these_o column_n be_v still_o stand_v at_o rome_n the_o former_a most_o entire_a but_o pope_n sixtus_n the_o first_o instead_o of_o the_o two_o statue_n of_o the_o emperor_n set_v up_o st._n peter_n on_o the_o column_n of_o trajan_n and_o st._n paul_n on_o that_o of_o antoninus_n 11._o antoninus_n casal_n par_fw-fr 1._o cap._n 11._o among_o the_o column_n we_o must_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o miliarium_fw-la auâ—â—um_fw-la a_o gild_a pillar_n in_o the_o forum_n on_o which_o all_o the_o highway_n of_o italy_n meet_v and_o be_v conclude_v 18._o conclude_v marlian_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 18._o from_o this_o they_o count_v their_o mile_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o mile_n set_v up_o a_o stone_n whence_o come_v the_o phrase_n of_o primus_fw-la ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la lapis_fw-la and_o the_o the_o like_a nor_o the_o columna_fw-la bellica_fw-la thus_o describe_v by_o ovid._n prospicit_fw-la à _fw-la tergo_fw-la summum_fw-la brevis_fw-la area_n circum_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la non_fw-la parvae_fw-la parva_fw-la columna_fw-la notae_fw-la hine_n solet_fw-la hasta_fw-la manu_fw-la belli_fw-la praenuncia_fw-la mitti_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la &_o gentem_fw-la cùm_fw-la placet_fw-la arma_fw-la capi_fw-la 6._o capi_fw-la ovid_n fast_n 6._o behind_o the_o circus_n on_o the_o level_a ground_n stand_v a_o small_a pillar_n for_o its_o use_n renown_v hence_o it_o be_v our_o herald_n throw_v the_o fatal_a spear_n denote_v the_o quarrel_n
it_o a_o corruption_n of_o pilamine_n from_o pilâ—us_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o cap_n proper_a to_o the_o order_n varro_z fesius_n and_o servius_n will_v have_v it_o a_o contraction_n of_o filamine_n from_fw-la filum_fw-la and_o tell_v we_o that_o find_v their_o cap_n too_o heavy_a and_o troublesome_a they_o take_v up_o a_o light_a sort_n of_o wear_v only_o bind_v a_o parcel_n of_o thread_n about_o their_o head_n other_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o flamma_n or_o flammâ—um_n a_o sort_n of_o turban_n which_o they_o make_v they_o to_o have_v wear_v though_o this_o general_o signify_v a_o woman_n veil_n râ—sinus_n declare_v for_o the_o second_o of_o these_o opinion_n polydore_v virgil_n have_v give_v his_o judgement_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o three_o 14._o three_o de_fw-fr 〈…〉_o câ—â—_n 14._o numa_n at_o first_o discharge_v several_a office_n of_o religion_n himself_o and_o design_v that_o all_o his_o successor_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a but_o because_o he_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v partake_v more_o of_o romulus_n his_o genius_n than_o his_o own_o and_o be_v engage_v in_o warlike_a erterprise_n may_v incapacitate_v themselves_o for_o this_o function_n he_o institute_v these_o flamen_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o same_o service_n as_o by_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n 1._o king_n livy_n lib._n 1._o the_o only_a three_o constitute_v at_o first_o be_v flamen_n dialis_n martialis_n and_o quirinalis_n the_o first_o be_v sacred_a to_o jupiter_n and_o a_o person_n of_o the_o high_a authority_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v several_a superstitious_a restraint_n as_o well_o as_o honour_v with_o several_a eminent_a privilege_n beyond_o other_o officer_n which_o be_v reckon_v up_o at_o large_a by_o gellius_n 15._o gellius_n nâ—ct_n ats._n lib._n 10._o cap._n 15._o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o wife_n of_o this_o flamen_n have_v the_o name_n of_o flaminica_n and_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o care_n of_o several_a ceremony_n peculiar_a to_o her_o place_n the_o other_o two_o be_v of_o less_o yet_o of_o very_o eminent_a authority_n ordain_v to_o inspect_v the_o rite_n of_o mars_n and_o romulus_n all_o three_o where_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n several_a priest_n of_o the_o same_o order_n though_o of_o inferior_a power_n and_o dignity_n be_v add_v in_o late_a time_n the_o whole_a number_n be_v general_o compute_v at_o fifteen_o yet_o fenestella_n or_o the_o author_n under_o his_o name_n assure_v we_o from_o varro_n that_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v a_o particular_a flamen_n for_o every_o deity_n they_o worship_v 5._o worship_v de_fw-fr sacerdotus_n cap._n 5._o though_o the_o flamen_n dialis_n discharge_v several_a religious_a duty_n that_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o we_o meet_v with_o another_o officer_n of_o great_a authority_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v pure_o design_v for_o that_o employment_n and_o this_o be_v the_o rex_fw-la sacrificulus_fw-la or_o sacrorum_fw-la dionysius_n give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o this_o institution_n as_o follow_v because_o the_o king_n have_v in_o a_o great_a many_o respect_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o state_n the_o establisher_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n think_v it_o very_o proper_a to_o keep_v always_o the_o name_n of_o king_n in_o the_o city_n upon_o this_o account_n they_o order_v the_o augur_n and_o pontifices_fw-la to_o choose_v out_o a_o fit_a person_n who_o shall_v engage_v never_o to_o have_v the_o least_o hand_n in_o civil_a affair_n but_o devote_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n and_o ceremony_n of_o religion_n with_o the_o title_n of_o rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la 5._o sacrorum_fw-la antiq._n lib._n 5._o and_o livy_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o office_n of_o rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la be_v therefore_o make_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o pontifex_n maximus_n for_o fear_n that_o the_o name_n of_o king_n which_o have_v be_v former_o so_o odious_a to_o the_o people_n might_n for_o all_o this_o restraint_n be_v still_o in_o some_o measure_n prejudicial_a to_o their_o liberty_n 2._o liberty_n livy_n lib._n 2._o salii_fw-la the_o original_a of_o the_o salii_fw-la may_v be_v thus_o gather_v froâ—_n plutarch_n in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o numa_n reign_n a_o terrible_a pestilence_n spread_v itself_o over_o italy_n among_o other_o place_n miserable_o infest_a rome_n the_o citizen_n be_v almost_o grow_v desperate_a wheâ—_n they_o be_v comfort_v on_o a_o sudden_a by_o the_o report_n of_o a_o brazeâ—_n target_n which_o they_o say_v fall_v into_o numa_n hand_n from_o heaven_n the_o king_n be_v assure_v by_o the_o conference_n he_o maintain_v with_o the_o nymph_n egeria_n and_o the_o muse_n that_o the_o target_n be_v send_v from_o the_o god_n for_o the_o cure_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o city_n and_o this_o be_v soon_o verify_v by_o the_o miraculous_a cease_n of_o the_o sickness_n they_o advise_v he_o too_o to_o make_v eleven_o other_o target_n so_o like_a in_o their_o dimension_n and_o form_n to_o the_o original_a that_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o design_n of_o steal_v it_o away_o the_o true_a may_v not_o be_v distinguish_v or_o know_v from_o those_o which_o be_v counterfeit_v by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v be_v more_o difficult_a to_o defeat_v the_o counsel_n of_o fate_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v determine_v that_o while_o this_o be_v preserve_v the_o city_n shall_v prove_v happy_a and_o victorious_a this_o difficult_a work_n one_o veturius_n mamurius_n very_o lucky_o perform_v and_o make_v eleven_o other_o that_o numa_n himself_o can_v not_o know_v from_o the_o first_o they_o be_v work_v into_o a_o oval_a form_n with_o several_a fold_n or_o pleat_n close_v one_o over_o another_o they_o exact_o fit_v the_o elbow_n by_o their_o figure_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v ancylia_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o crooked_a shape_n or_o from_o the_o cubit_n that_o part_n of_o the_o arm_n between_o the_o wrist_n and_o the_o elbow_n upon_o which_o they_o carry_v the_o ancylia_n num._n ancylia_n plutarch_n in_o num._n for_o the_o keep_n of_o these_o numa_n institute_v a_o order_n of_o priest_n call_v salii_fw-la à _fw-la saliendo_fw-la from_o leap_v or_o dance_v they_o live_v all_o in_o a_o body_n and_o compose_v a_o college_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o number_n of_o man_n as_o the_o buckler_n they_o preserve_v the_o three_o senior_n govern_v the_o rest_n of_o who_o the_o first_o have_v the_o name_n of_o praesul_fw-la the_o second_o of_o fate_n and_o the_o other_o of_o magister_n 26._o magister_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 26._o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n be_v their_o great_a feast_n when_o they_o carry_v their_o sacred_a charge_n about_o the_o city_n at_o this_o procession_n they_o be_v habit_v in_o a_o short_a scarlet_a cassock_n have_v round_o they_o a_o broad_a belt_n clasp_v with_o brass_n buckles_n on_o their_o head_n they_o wear_v a_o sort_n of_o copper_n helmet_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o go_v on_o with_o a_o nimble_a motion_n keep_v just_a measure_n with_o their_o foot_n and_o demonstrate_v great_a strength_n and_o agility_n by_o the_o various_a and_o handsome_a turn_n of_o their_o body_n num._n body_n plutarch_n in_o num._n they_o sing_v all_o along_o a_o set_n of_o old_a verse_n call_v the_o carman_n saliare_a the_o first_o form_n of_o which_o be_v compose_v by_o numa_n they_o be_v sacred_a to_o mars_n the_o ancylia_n or_o target_n be_v part_n of_o armour_n who_o from_o they_o take_v the_o name_n of_o salisubsulus_fw-la and_o therefore_o upon_o account_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a noise_n and_o shake_v that_o they_o make_v in_o their_o dance_n catullus_n to_o siâ—gnifie_v a_o strong_a bridge_n have_v use_v the_o phrase_n in_o quo_fw-la vel_fw-la salisubsuli_fw-la sacra_fw-la fiunto_n 17._o fiunto_n catull._n carm._n 17._o though_o the_o month_n of_o march_n dedicate_v to_o that_o god_n be_v the_o proper_a time_n for_o carry_v the_o ancylia_n about_o yet_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o just_a and_o lawful_a war_n have_v be_v proclaim_v by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n against_o any_o state_n or_o people_n the_o salii_fw-la be_v in_o a_o solemn_a manner_n to_o move_v the_o ancylia_n as_o if_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o renze_v mars_n from_o his_o seat_n and_o send_v he_o out_o to_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o arm_n 26._o arm_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 26._o tullus_n hostilius_n afterward_o increase_v the_o college_n with_o twelve_o more_o salii_fw-la in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o vow_n he_o make_v in_o a_o battle_n with_o the_o sabine_n and_o therefore_o for_o distinction_n sake_n the_o twelve_o first_o be_v general_o call_v salii_fw-la palatini_n from_o the_o palatine_a mountain_n whence_o they_o begin_v their_o procession_n the_o other_o salii_fw-la collini_n or_o agonenses_n from_o the_o quirinal_n hill_n sometime_o call_v mons_fw-la agonalis_fw-la where_o they_o have_v a_o chapel_n
in_o any_o war_n without_o the_o express_a order_n of_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n pâ—slâ—um_fw-la people_n ibid._n &_o pro_fw-la pâ—slâ—um_fw-la julia_n lex_fw-la secunda_fw-la the_o author_n the_o same_o julius_n caesar_n in_o his_o dictatorship_n ordain_v that_o no_o praetorian_a province_n shall_v be_v hold_v above_o a_o year_n and_o no_o consular_a province_n more_o than_o two_o year_n 3._o year_n cicero_n philipp_n 3._o clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 695._o ordain_v that_o all_o syria_n babylon_n and_o persia_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o gabinius_n the_o consul_n and_o macedon_n achaia_n thessaly_n greece_n and_o boeotia_n to_o his_o colleague_n piso_n with_o the_o proconsular_a power_n and_o that_o a_o sum_n shall_v be_v pay_v they_o out_o of_o the_o treasury_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o march_n thither_o with_o a_o army_n sextio_fw-la army_n cicero_n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la vatinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n vatinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 694._o ordain_v that_o the_o command_n of_o all_o gallia_n cisalpina_n and_o illyricum_n shall_v be_v confer_v on_o caesar_n for_o five_o year_n together_o without_o a_o decree_n of_o senate_n and_o without_o the_o formality_n of_o cast_v lot_n that_o the_o particular_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n shall_v go_v with_o he_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o legati_fw-la without_o the_o deputation_n of_o the_o senate_n that_o the_o army_n to_o be_v send_v with_o he_o shall_v be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v transplant_v a_o colony_n into_o the_o town_n of_o novocomum_fw-la in_o gallia_n jugurth_n gallia_n cicero_n in_o vaâ—iaâ—um_n &_o pro_fw-la balbo_n sueton._n in_o jâ—lio_n sallust_n in_o jugurth_n clodia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-fr cypro_n the_o author_n p._n clodius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 695._o ordain_v that_o the_o island_n cyprus_n shall_v be_v reduce_v into_o a_o roman_a province_n that_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o cyprus_n shall_v be_v public_o expose_v to_o sale_n habit_v in_o all_o his_o regal_a ornament_n and_o his_o good_n in_o like_a manner_n sell_v by_o auction_n that_o m._n cato_n shall_v be_v send_v with_o the_o praetorian_a power_n into_o cyprus_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o sell_v the_o king_n effect_n and_o convey_v the_o money_n to_o rome_n consular_fw-la rome_n cicero_n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la de_fw-fr provin_n consular_fw-la trebonia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n trebonius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 698._o decree_a the_o chief_a command_n in_o gallia_n to_o caesar_n five_o year_n long_o than_o have_v be_v order_v by_o the_o vatinian_a law_n and_o so_o deprive_v the_o senate_n of_o the_o power_n of_o recall_v he_o and_o substitute_v another_o general_n in_o his_o room_n 105._o room_n cicero_n lib._n 8_o 9_o 10._o epist_n ad_fw-la attic._n florus_n epit._n liv._o lib._n 105._o titia_n lex_fw-la bare_o mention_v by_o cicero_n muranâ_fw-la cicero_n in_o orat._n pro_fw-la muranâ_fw-la and_o not_o explain_v by_o manutius_n or_o rosinus_n the_o purport_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o provincial_a quaestor_n shall_v take_v their_o place_n by_o lot_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o consul_n and_o praetor_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o passage_n in_o which_o we_o find_v it_o chap._n xxix_o leges_fw-la agrariae_n or_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o division_n of_o land_n among_o the_o people_n cassius_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n sp._n cassius_n viscellinus_n consul_n with_o proculus_n virginius_n a._n 267._o ordain_v that_o the_o land_n take_v from_o the_o hernici_n shall_v be_v divide_v half_a among_o the_o latin_n and_o half_a among_o the_o roman_a commons_o 8._o commons_o liv._o lib._n 2._o valer._n mex_n lib._n 9_o cap_n 8._o this_o law_n do_v not_o hold_v licinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n licinius_n stolo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 377._o ordain_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v possess_v above_o five_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n or_o keep_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o head_n of_o great_a or_o five_o hundred_o head_n of_o small_a cattle_n etc._n cattle_n liv._o lib._n 6._o appian_n agellius_n pliny_n paâ—ercul_n plutarch_n etc._n etc._n flaminia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n flaminius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 525._o ordain_v that_o picenum_n a_o part_n of_o gallia_n whence_o the_o senones_n have_v be_v expel_v shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o roman_a soldier_n maj._n soldier_n cicero_n in_o cat._n maj._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la prima_fw-la the_o author_n t._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 620._o confirm_v the_o licinian_n law_n and_o require_v all_o person_n who_o hold_v more_o land_n than_o that_o law_n allow_v immediate_o to_o resign_v it_o into_o the_o common_a to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o poor_a citizen_n constitute_v three_o officer_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o business_n etc._n business_n cicero_n pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la plutarch_n etc._n etc._n this_o law_n be_v level_v direct_o against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o rich_a man_n of_o the_o city_n who_o have_v by_o degree_n contrive_v to_o engross_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n to_o themselves_o after_o great_a heat_n and_o tumult_n at_o last_o cost_v the_o author_n his_o life_n sempronia_n lex_fw-la altera_fw-la prefer_v by_o the_o same_o person_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n attalus_n who_o leave_v the_o roman_a state_n his_o heir_n it_o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n find_v in_o that_o king_n treasure_n shall_v be_v bestow_v on_o the_o poor_a citizen_n to_o supply_v they_o with_o instrument_n and_o other_o convenience_n require_v for_o agriculture_n and_o that_o the_o king_n land_n shall_v be_v farm_a at_o a_o annual_a rent_n by_o the_o censor_n which_o rent_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o people_n etc._n people_n cicero_n verr._n 5._o plutarch_n etc._n etc._n thoria_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n sp._n thorius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o ordain_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v pay_v any_o rent_n to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n which_o he_o possess_v and_o regulate_v the_o business_n about_o feed_v cattle_n bruto_fw-la cattle_n cicero_n de_fw-fr orat._n lib._n 2._o &_o in_o bruto_fw-la two_o large_a fragment_n of_o this_o law_n which_o be_v of_o a_o great_a length_n be_v copy_v from_o two_o old_a brazen_a table_n by_o sigonius_n 2._o sigonius_n de_fw-fr antiq._n jure_fw-la ital._n lib._n 2._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n sylla_n dictator_n and_o consul_n with_o q._n metellus_n a._n 673._o ordain_v that_o the_o land_n of_o proscribe_a person_n shall_v be_v common_a this_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o land_n in_o tuscany_n about_o volaterrae_n and_o fesulae_n which_o sylla_n divide_v among_o his_o soldier_n catiline_n soldier_n cicero_n in_o rullum_fw-la pro_fw-la roscio_n sallust_n in_o catiline_n servilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n servilius_n rullus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 690._o in_o the_o consulship_n of_o cicero_n and_o antony_n contain_v many_o particular_n about_o sell_v several_a house_n field_n etc._n etc._n that_o belong_v to_o the_o public_a for_o the_o purchase_n land_n in_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n about_o create_v ten_o man_n to_o be_v supervisor_n of_o the_o business_n and_o abundance_n of_o other_o head_n several_a of_o which_o be_v repeat_v by_o cicero_n in_o his_o three_o oration_n extant_a against_o this_o law_n by_o which_o he_o hinder_v it_o from_o pass_v flavia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n flavius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 693._o about_o divide_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o land_n among_o pompey_n soldier_n and_o the_o commons_o 1._o commons_o cicero_n ad_fw-la attic._n lib._n 1._o julia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n julius_n caesar_n consul_n with_o bibulus_n a._n 691_o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o land_n in_o campania_n which_o use_v former_o to_o be_v farm_a at_o a_o set_a rent_n of_o the_o state_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o commons_o as_o also_o that_o all_o member_n of_o senate_n shall_v swear_v to_o confirm_v this_o law_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o against_o all_o opposer_n cicero_n call_v this_o lex_n campana_n 18._o campana_n velleius_n patero_n lib._n 2._o plutarch_n in_o pâ—mp_n caes_n &_o cat._n uticens_fw-la ad_fw-la attic._n lib._n 2._o epist_n 18._o mamilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n mamilius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o jugurthan_a war_n ordain_v that_o in_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o land_n there_o shall_v be_v leave_v five_o or_o six_o foot_n of_o ground_n which_o no_o person_n shall_v convert_v to_o his_o private_a use_n and_o that_o commissioner_n shall_v be_v appoint_v to_o regulate_v this_o affair_n leg._n affair_n cicero_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr leg._n from_o this_o law_n de_fw-fr limitibus_fw-la the_o author_n take_v the_o surname_n of_o limentanus_n as_o he_o be_v call_v by_o sallust_n jugurth_n sallust_n in_o bell._n
in_o a_o different_a manner_n he_o believe_v that_o heretofore_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o ovation_n and_o the_o triumph_n be_v not_o take_v from_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o achievement_n but_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o perform_v they_o for_o they_o who_o have_v fight_v a_o set_a battle_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n return_v victor_n lead_v that_o martial_a and_o as_o it_o be_v cruel_a procession_n of_o the_o triumph_n but_o those_o who_o without_o force_n by_o benevolence_n and_o civil_a behaviour_n have_v do_v the_o busâ—ness_n and_o prevent_v the_o shed_n of_o human_a blood_n to_o these_o commander_n custom_n give_v the_o honour_n of_o this_o peaceable_a ovation_n for_o a_o pipe_n be_v the_o ensign_n or_o badge_n of_o peace_n and_o myrtle_n the_o tree_n of_o venus_n who_o beyond_o any_o of_o the_o other_o deity_n have_v a_o extreme_a aversion_n to_o violence_n and_o war_n marcell_n war_n plut._n in_o marcell_n but_o whatever_o other_o difference_n there_o lay_v between_o these_o two_o solemnity_n we_o be_v assure_v the_o triumph_n be_v much_o the_o more_o noble_a and_o splendid_a procession_n none_o be_v capable_a of_o this_o honour_n but_o dictator_n consul_n or_o praetor_n though_o we_o find_v some_o example_n of_o a_o different_a practice_n as_o particular_o in_o pompey_n the_o great_a who_o have_v a_o triumph_n decree_v he_o while_o he_o be_v only_o a_o roman_a knight_n and_o have_v not_o yet_o reach_v the_o senatorian_a age_n pâ—â—â—_n age_n plut._n in_o pâ—â—â—_n iconismus_fw-la triu_n the_o people_n erect_v scaffold_n in_o the_o forum_n and_o the_o circo_n and_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o can_v best_o behold_v the_o pomp._n the_o spectator_n be_v clad_v in_o white_a garment_n all_o the_o temple_n be_v open_a and_o full_a of_o garland_n and_o perfume_n the_o way_n clear_v and_o cleanse_v by_o a_o great_a many_o officer_n and_o tipstaff_n that_o drive_v such_o as_o throng_v the_o passage_n or_o straggle_v up-and-down_a this_o triumph_n last_v three_o day_n on_o the_o first_o which_o be_v scarce_o long_o enough_o for_o the_o sight_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o statue_n picture_n and_o image_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n draw_v upon_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o chariot_n on_o the_o second_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a many_o wains_n the_o fair_a and_o the_o rich_a armour_n of_o the_o macedonian_n both_o of_o brass_n and_o steel_n all_o new_o furbished_a and_o glitter_a which_o although_o pile_v up_o with_o the_o great_a art_n and_o order_n yet_o seem_v to_o be_v tumble_v on_o heap_n careless_o and_o by_o chance_n helmet_n be_v throw_v on_o shield_n coat_n of_o mail_n upon_o greaves_n cretian_a target_n and_o thracian_a buckler_n and_o quiver_n of_o arrow_n lay_v huddle_v among_o the_o horse_n bit_n and_o through_o these_o appear_v the_o point_n of_o naked_a sword_n intermix_v with_o long_a spear_n all_o these_o arm_n be_v tie_v together_o with_o such_o a_o just_a liberty_n that_o they_o knock_v against_o one_o another_o as_o they_o be_v draw_v along_o and_o make_v a_o harsh_a and_o terrible_a noise_n so_o that_o the_o very_a spoil_n of_o the_o conquer_a can_v not_o be_v behold_v without_o dread_n after_o these_o wagon_n load_v with_o armour_n there_o follow_v three_o thousand_o man_n who_o carry_v the_o silver_n that_o be_v coin_v in_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o vessel_n each_o of_o which_o weigh_v three_o talent_n and_o be_v carry_v by_o four_o men._n other_o bring_v silver_n bowl_n and_o goblet_n and_o cup_n all_o dispose_v in_o such_o order_n as_o to_o make_v the_o best_a show_n and_o all_o valuable_a as_o well_o for_o their_o bigness_n as_o the_o thickness_n of_o their_o engrave_v work_n on_o the_o three_o day_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n first_o come_v the_o trumpeter_n who_o do_v not_o sound_a as_o they_o be_v wont_v in_o a_o procession_n or_o solemn_a entry_n but_o such_o a_o charge_n as_o the_o roman_n use_v when_o they_o encourage_v their_o soldier_n to_o fight_v next_o follow_v young_a man_n gird_v about_o with_o girdle_n curious_o wrought_v which_o lead_v to_o the_o sacrifice_n sixscore_a stall_v ox_n with_o their_o horn_n gild_v and_o their_o head_n adorn_v with_o ribbon_n and_o garland_n and_o with_o these_o be_v boy_n that_o carry_v platter_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n after_o this_o be_v bring_v the_o gold_n coin_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o vessel_n that_o weigh_v three_o talent_n like_v to_o those_o that_o contain_v the_o silver_n they_o be_v in_o number_n fourscore_o want_v three_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o those_o that_o bring_v the_o consecrate_a bowl_n which_o aemylius_fw-la cause_v to_o be_v make_v that_o weigh_v ten_o talent_n and_o be_v all_o beset_v with_o precious_a stone_n then_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v the_o cup_n of_o antigonus_n and_o seleucus_n and_o such_o as_o be_v make_v after_o the_o fashion_n invent_v by_o thericles_n and_o all_o the_o gold-plate_n that_o be_v use_v at_o perseus_n table_n next_o to_o these_o come_v perseus_n chariot_n in_o the_o which_o his_o armour_n be_v place_v and_o on_o that_o his_o diadem_n and_o after_o a_o little_a intermission_n the_o king_n child_n be_v lead_v captive_n and_o with_o they_o a_o train_n of_o nurse_n master_n and_o governor_n who_o all_o weep_v and_o stretch_v forth_o their_o hand_n to_o the_o spectator_n and_o teach_v the_o little_a infant_n to_o beg_v and_o entreat_v their_o compassion_n there_o be_v two_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o tender_a age_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a of_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o misery_n which_o insensibility_n of_o their_o condition_n render_v it_o much_o more_o deplorable_a insomuch_o that_o perseus_n himself_o be_v scarce_o regard_v as_o he_o go_v along_o whilst_o pity_n have_v fix_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o roman_n upon_o the_o infant_n and_o many_o of_o they_o can_v not_o forbear_v tear_n all_o behold_v the_o sight_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o sorrow_n and_o joy_n until_o the_o child_n be_v pass_v after_o his_o child_n and_o their_o attendant_n come_v perseus_n himself_o clad_v all_o in_o black_a and_z wearing_z slipper_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o his_o country_n he_o look_v like_o one_o altogether_o astonish_v and_o deprive_v of_o reason_n through_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o misfortune_n next_o follow_v a_o great_a company_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o familiar_n who_o countenance_n be_v disfigure_v with_o grief_n and_o who_o testify_v to_o all_o that_o behold_v they_o by_o their_o tear_n and_o their_o continual_a look_v upon_o perseus_n that_o it_o be_v his_o hard_a fortune_n they_o so_o much_o lament_v and_o that_o they_o be_v regardless_o of_o their_o own_o after_o these_o be_v carry_v four_o hundred_o crown_n all_o make_v of_o gold_n and_o send_v from_o the_o city_n by_o their_o respective_a ambassador_n to_o aemylius_fw-la as_o a_o reward_n due_a to_o his_o valour_n then_o he_o himself_o come_v seat_v on_o a_o chariot_n magnificent_o adorn_v a_o man_n worthy_a to_o be_v behold_v even_o without_o these_o ensign_n of_o power_n he_o be_v clad_v in_o a_o garment_n of_o purple_a interweave_v with_o gold_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o laurel-branch_n in_o his_o right-hand_n all_o the_o army_n in_o like_a manner_n with_o bough_n of_o laurel_n in_o their_o hand_n divide_v into_o band_n and_o company_n follow_v the_o chariot_n of_o their_o commander_n some_o sing_a ode_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a custoâ—n_n mingle_v with_o raillery_n other_o song_n of_o triumph_n and_o the_o praise_n of_o aemylius_n deed_n who_o be_v admire_v and_o account_v happy_a by_o all_o man_n and_o unenvied_a by_o every_o one_o that_o be_v good_a there_o be_v one_o remarkable_a addition_n to_o this_o solemnity_n which_o though_o it_o seldom_o happen_v yet_o ought_v not_o to_o escape_v our_o notice_n this_o be_v when_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v in_o any_o engagement_n kill_v the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o then_o in_o the_o triumphal_a pomp_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o slay_a captain_n be_v carry_v before_o the_o victor_n decent_o hang_v on_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o oak_n and_o so_o compose_v a_o trophy_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o procession_n be_v lead_v on_o to_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n feretrius_n so_o call_v à _fw-la feriendo_fw-la and_o there_o the_o general_n make_v a_o formal_a dedication_n of_o his_o spoil_n the_o spolia_fw-la opima_fw-la as_o they_o term_v they_o hang_v they_o up_o in_o the_o temple_n the_o first_o who_o perform_v this_o gallant_a piece_n of_o religion_n be_v romulus_n when_o he_o have_v slay_v acron_n king_n of_o the_o coeninenses_n the_o second_o cornelius_n cossus_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o tolumnius_n a_o general_n of_o the_o veientes_n the_o three_o and_o last_o m._n marcellus_n with_o those_o take_v from_o
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2._o paganica_fw-la a_o ball_n stuff_v with_o feather_n which_o martial_a thus_o describe_v haec_fw-la quae_fw-la
in_o all_o the_o ceremony_n use_v on_o that_o occasion_n conform_v themselves_o to_o its_o direction_n the_o whole_a manner_n of_o the_o solemnity_n be_v as_o follow_v in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o herald_n receive_v order_n to_o make_v a_o invitation_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o come_v to_o a_o feast_n which_o they_o have_v never_o see_v already_o and_o shall_v never_o see_v again_o some_o few_o day_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o game_n the_o quindecemviri_fw-la take_v their_o seat_n in_o the_o capitol_n and_o in_o the_o palatine_a temple_n distribute_v among_o the_o people_n parcel_n of_o purify_n stuff_n as_o flambeau_n brimstone_n and_o sulphur_n from_o hence_o the_o people_n pass_v on_o to_o diana_n temple_n on_o the_o aventine_n mountain_n carry_v wheat_n barley_n and_o bean_n as_o a_o offer_n and_o after_o this_o they_o spend_v whole_a night_n in_o devotion_n to_o the_o destiny_n at_o length_n when_o the_o time_n of_o the_o game_n be_v actual_o come_v which_o 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the_o ancient_a account_n we_o have_v of_o their_o celebration_n in_o the_o several_a age_n neither_o of_o these_o period_n be_v much_o regard_v the_o first_o be_v hold_v a._n v._o c._n 245._o or_o 298._o the_o second_o a._n 305._o or_o 408._o the_o three_o a._n 518._o the_o four_o either_o a._n 605._o or_o 608._o or_o 628._o the_o five_o by_o augustus_n a._n 736._o the_o six_o by_o claudius_n a._n 800._o the_o seven_o by_o domitian_n a._n 841._o the_o eight_o by_o severus_n a._n 957._o the_o nine_o by_o philip_n a._n 1000_o this_o disorder_n without_o question_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v extreme_o desirous_a to_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o celebrate_v these_o game_n in_o their_o reign_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o slight_a pretence_n many_o time_n make_v they_o return_v before_o their_o ordinary_a course_n thus_o claudius_n pretend_v that_o augustus_n have_v hold_v the_o game_n before_o their_o due_a time_n that_o he_o may_v have_v the_o least_o excuse_n to_o keep_v they_o within_o sixty_o four_o year_n afterward_o on_o which_o account_n suetonius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o people_n scoff_v his_o crier_n when_o they_o go_v about_o proclaim_v game_n that_o no_o body_n have_v ever_o see_v nor_o will_v see_v again_o whereas_o there_o be_v not_o only_o many_o person_n alive_a who_o remember_v the_o game_n of_o augustus_n but_o several_a player_n who_o have_v act_v in_o those_o game_n be_v now_o again_o bring_v on_o the_o stage_n by_o claudius_n 21._o claudius_n sueton._n claud._n 21._o we_o may_v conclude_v our_o enquiry_n into_o this_o celebrate_a subject_n with_o two_o excellent_a remark_n of_o the_o french_a critic_n the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o the_o number_n three_o so_o much_o regard_v in_o these_o game_n they_o have_v probable_o a_o allusion_n to_o the_o triplicity_n of_o phoebus_n of_o diana_n and_o of_o the_o destiny_n the_o other_o observation_n which_o he_o oblige_v we_o with_o be_v that_o they_o think_v the_o girl_n which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o sing_v the_o secular_a poem_n shall_v be_v the_o soon_o marry_v this_o superstition_n they_o borrow_a from_o the_o theology_n of_o the_o grecian_n who_o imagine_v that_o the_o child_n who_o do_v not_o sing_v and_o dance_v at_o the_o come_n of_o apollo_n shall_v never_o be_v marry_v and_o shall_v certain_o die_v young_a to_o this_o purpose_n callimachus_n in_o his_o hymn_n to_o apollo_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o horace_n encourage_v the_o chorus_n of_o girl_n to_o do_v their_o best_a in_o sing_v the_o secular_a poem_n tell_v they_o how_o proud_a they_o will_v be_v of_o it_o when_o they_o be_v well_o marry_v nupta_fw-la jam_fw-la dices_fw-la ego_fw-la diis_fw-la amicum_fw-la seculo_fw-la festas_fw-la referente_fw-la luce_n reddidi_fw-la carmen_fw-la docilis_fw-la modorum_fw-la vatis_fw-la horatî_fw-la all_o those_o game_n of_o what_o sort_n soever_o have_v the_o common_a name_n of_o votivi_fw-la which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o any_o vow_n make_v by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o general_n when_o they_o set_v forward_o on_o any_o expedition_n to_o be_v perform_v in_o case_n they_o return_v successful_a these_o be_v sometime_o occasion_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n or_o of_o the_o soothsayer_n and_o many_o time_n proceed_v pure_o from_o a_o principle_n of_o devotion_n and_o piety_n in_o the_o general_n such_o particular_o be_v the_o ludi_fw-la magni_fw-la often_o mention_v in_o historian_n especial_o by_o livy_n thus_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 536._o fabius_n maximus_n the_o dictator_n to_o appease_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o god_n and_o to_o obtain_v success_n against_o the_o carthaginian_a power_n upon_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n vow_v the_o great_a game_n to_o jupiter_n with_o a_o prodigious_a sum_n to_o be_v expend_v at_o they_o beside_o three_o hundred_o ox_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v to_o jupiter_n and_o several_a other_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deity_n 22._o deity_n liv._o lib_n 22._o m._n acilius_n the_o consul_n do_v the_o same_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n 36._o antiochus_n idem_fw-la lib._n 36._o and_o we_o have_v some_o example_n of_o these_o game_n be_v make_v quinquennial_n or_o to_o return_v every_o five_o year_n 30._o year_n liv._o lib._n 27._o &_o lib._n 30._o they_o be_v celebrate_v with_o circensian_a sport_n four_o day_n together_o ibid._n together_o ibid._n to_o this_o head_n we_o may_v refer_v the_o ludi_fw-la victoriae_n mention_v by_o vell._n paterculus_n 27._o paterculus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 27._o and_o asconius_n 2._o asconius_n in_o verrâ—â—_n 2._o they_o be_v institute_v by_o sylla_n upon_o his_o conclude_v the_o civil_a war._n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v many_o other_o game_n with_o the_o same_o title_n celebrate_v on_o account_n of_o some_o remarkable_a success_n by_o several_a of_o
for_o this_o purpose_n they_o make_v use_v of_o a_o fine_a kind_n of_o chalk_n whence_o persius_n take_v the_o hint_n of_o cretata_fw-la ambitio_fw-la 177._o ambitio_fw-la sat._n 5._o ver_fw-la 177._o as_o to_o the_o holiday_n or_o solemn_a festival_n on_o which_o we_o find_v the_o roman_n always_o attire_v in_o white_a it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v that_o all_o person_n of_o any_o fashion_n constant_o put_v on_o new_a gown_n which_o be_v of_o the_o pure_a white_a on_o these_o occasion_n and_o those_o of_o mean_a condition_n may_v perhaps_o chalk_v over_o their_o old_a gown_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v rusty_a and_o have_v almost_o lose_v their_o colour_n 13._o colour_n dip_v elect._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o the_o dispute_n between_o manutius_n and_o sigonius_n whether_o the_o roman_a gown_n be_v tie_v about_o with_o a_o girdle_n or_o not_o be_v common_o decide_v in_o favour_n of_o manutius_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o best_a author_n allow_v some_o kind_n of_o cincture_n to_o the_o gown_n but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v perform_v only_o by_o help_n of_o the_o gown_n itself_o or_o by_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o come_v under_o the_o right_a arm_n be_v draw_v over_o to_o the_o left_a shoulder_n and_o so_o cover_v the_o vmbo_fw-la or_o knot_n of_o plaight_n which_o rest_v there_o keep_v the_o gown_n close_o together_o this_o lappet_n quinctilian_n call_v the_o belt_n in_o his_o advice_n to_o the_o orator_n about_o this_o matter_n ille_fw-la qui_fw-la sub_fw-la humero_fw-la dextro_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistrum_fw-la obliquè_fw-fr ducitur_fw-la velut_fw-la balteus_fw-la nec_fw-la strangulet_fw-la nec_fw-la fluat_fw-la 3._o fluat_fw-la institut_fw-la lib._n 11._o cap._n 3._o this_o belt_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o left_a arm_n draw_v in_o the_o gown_n flow_v out_o and_o the_o sinus_n or_o main_a lappet_n hang_v about_o the_o wearer_n foot_n this_o be_v particular_o observe_v in_o caesar_n who_o common_o let_v his_o gown_n hang_v drag_v after_o he_o whence_o sylla_n use_v to_o advise_v the_o nobleman_n ut_fw-la pverum_fw-la male_a praecinctum_fw-la caverent_fw-la 3._o caverent_fw-la sueton._n jul._n cap._n 15._o macrob._n saturnal_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o the_o accurate_a ferrarius_fw-la be_v certain_o in_o a_o mistake_n as_o to_o this_o point_n for_o maintain_v that_o the_o gown_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o cinctus_fw-la but_o what_o they_o call_v gabinus_n he_o will_v have_v this_o mean_v only_o of_o the_o tunica_n but_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o macrobius_n make_v this_o supposition_n impossible_a and_o lacinium_n trahere_fw-la express_o point_v out_o the_o gown_n for_o the_o tunick_n be_v only_o a_o short_a vest_n can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v conceive_v to_o have_v a_o lappet_n drag_v on_o the_o ground_n 45._o ground_n graevius_n ad_fw-la sueton._n jul._n 45._o the_o same_o fault_n which_o sylla_n object_v to_o caesar_n be_v common_o observe_v in_o maecenas_n and_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o that_o effeminate_a softness_n which_o make_v a_o unhappy_a part_n of_o his_o character_n in_o history_n the_o learned_a graevius_n observe_v that_o the_o word_n praecingi_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o gown_n because_o the_o lappet_n do_v not_o close_o about_o the_o whole_a gown_n but_o only_o the_o forepart_n of_o it_o ibidem_fw-la it_o ibidem_fw-la the_o cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n be_v most_o happy_o describe_v by_o ferrarius_fw-la cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n non_fw-la aliud_fw-la fuit_fw-la quà m_fw-la cùm_fw-la togae_fw-la lacinia_fw-la laevo_fw-la brachio_n subducta_fw-la in_o tergum_fw-la ita_fw-la rejiciebatur_fw-la ut_fw-la contracta_fw-la retraheretur_fw-la ad_fw-la pectus_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o nodum_fw-la necteretur_fw-la qui_fw-la nodus_fw-la sive_fw-la cinctus_fw-la togam_fw-la contrahebat_fw-la brevioremque_fw-la &_o strictiorem_fw-la reddidit_fw-la 14._o reddidit_fw-la dear_a vestiaâ—_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 14._o the_o cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o when_o the_o lappet_n of_o the_o gown_n which_o use_v to_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o left-shoulder_n be_v draw_v thence_o be_v cast_v off_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n upon_o the_o back_n as_o to_o come_v round_o short_a to_o the_o breast_n and_o there_o fasten_v in_o a_o knot_n which_o knot_n or_o tincture_n tuck_v up_o the_o gown_n and_o make_v it_o short_a and_o straight_a this_o cinctus_fw-la be_v proper_a only_o to_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n as_o the_o denounce_v war_n burn_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n devote_v themselves_o to_o death_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n and_o the_o like_a it_o be_v borrow_a from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gabii_n a_o city_n of_o campania_n who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o public_a sacrifice_n happen_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o sudden_o by_o their_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v through_o haste_n to_o gather_v up_o their_o gown_n in_o this_o manner_n and_o so_o march_v out_o to_o oppose_v they_o 61â—_n they_o servius_n ad_fw-la viâ—gil_n aeâ—eid_n 7._o v._n 61â—_n in_o the_o ordinary_a wear_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gown_n use_v to_o lay_v over_o the_o right_a shoulder_n yet_o upon_o occasion_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o draw_v back_o that_o part_n again_o and_o make_v it_o cover_v the_o head_n and_o learned_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o city_n make_v use_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o cover_v only_o for_o the_o head_n never_o appear_v in_o any_o kind_n of_o cap_n or_o hat_n unless_o they_o be_v on_o a_o journey_n out_o of_o town_n thus_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o of_o the_o deference_n pay_v to_o great_a man_n as_o they_o pass_v the_o street_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o roman_n when_o they_o meet_v any_o person_n who_o deserve_v a_o particular_a respect_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o have_v their_o gown_n on_o their_o head_n present_o uncover_v and_o the_o same_o author_n reckon_v up_o the_o mark_n of_o honour_n which_o sylla_n show_v pompey_n add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o pull_v off_o his_o gown_n from_o his_o head_n the_o several_a sort_n of_o the_o roman_a gown_n be_v the_o toga_fw-la praetexta_fw-la the_o pulla_n the_o sordida_fw-la and_o the_o picta_fw-la purpurea_fw-la palmata_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o the_o trabea_n every_o one_o know_v that_o the_o gown_n be_v the_o distinguish_a mark_n of_o the_o roman_n from_o the_o greek_n who_o wear_v the_o pallium_fw-la or_o cloak_n as_o their_o common_a garment_n whence_o togatus_fw-la and_o palliatus_fw-la be_v often_o use_v for_o roman_a and_o grecian_a as_o also_o that_o the_o gown_n be_v the_o proper_a badge_n of_o peace_n be_v general_o lay_v aside_o upon_o engage_v in_o any_o martial_a design_n yet_o it_o appear_v from_o several_a passage_n of_o livy_n and_o plutarch_n that_o it_o be_v sometime_o wear_v in_o the_o camp_n if_o so_o perhaps_o the_o equites_fw-la and_o centurion_n have_v this_o peculiar_a privilege_n and_o that_o only_o when_o they_o lie_v still_o in_o the_o camp_n without_o any_o thought_n of_o sudden_a action_n as_o manutius_n learned_o conjecture_n 1._o conjecture_n de_fw-fr quaesitis_fw-la per_fw-la epist_n lib._n 2._o ep._n 1._o the_o toga_fw-la praetexta_fw-la have_v a_o border_n of_o purple_a round_a the_o edge_n whence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n and_o in_o allusion_n to_o which_o the_o grecian_a writer_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v original_o to_o have_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o some_o of_o the_o priest_n when_o at_o first_o introduce_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v bestow_v on_o the_o young_a man_n be_v different_o relate_v some_o fancy_n that_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o a_o triumph_n for_o a_o victory_n against_o the_o sabine_n first_o honour_v his_o own_o son_n with_o the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o the_o bulla_n aurea_fw-la as_o reward_n of_o his_o valour_n for_o kill_v one_o of_o the_o enemy_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o as_o the_o former_a be_v the_o robe_n of_o the_o magistrate_n so_o the_o bulla_n aurea_fw-la be_v till_o then_o use_v only_o by_o general_n in_o their_o triumphal_a procession_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o hollow_a golden_a ball_n hang_v about_o their_o neck_n in_o which_o be_v enclose_v some_o secret_a amulet_n or_o preservative_n against_o envy_n other_o without_o regard_v this_o first_o story_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o tarquin_n among_o other_o wise_a constitution_n take_v particular_a care_n in_o assign_v the_o proper_a habit_n to_o the_o boy_n and_o according_o ordain_v that_o the_o son_n of_o nobleman_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o the_o bulla_n aurea_fw-la provide_v their_o father_n have_v bear_v any_o curule_n office_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n shall_v wear_v the_o praetexta_fw-la only_o as_o low_a as_o the_o son_n of_o those_o who_o have_v serve_v on_o horseback_n in_o the_o army_n the_o full_a time_n that_o the_o law_n require_v a_o three_o party_n refer_v the_o original_a of_o this_o custom_n
fashion_n the_o old_a primitive_a white_n grow_v so_o much_o into_o contempt_n that_o at_o last_o it_o become_v proper_a to_o the_o woman_n for_o their_o mourn_a clothes_n thus_o statius_n in_o the_o tear_n of_o hetruscus_n huc_fw-la vittata_fw-la comam_fw-la niveoque_fw-la insignis_fw-la amictu_fw-la mitibus_fw-la exsequiis_fw-la ades_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v with_o some_o reason_n be_v think_v that_o the_o poet_n here_o direct_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o goddess_n piety_n give_v she_o that_o habit_n rather_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o purity_n and_o innocence_n than_o as_o the_o proper_a badge_n of_o grief_n in_o her_o sex_n yet_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v still_o evident_a from_o the_o authority_n of_o plutarch_n who_o state_n this_o subject_a for_o one_o of_o his_o problem_n and_o give_v several_a reason_n for_o the_o practice_n after_o the_o person_n follow_v the_o place_n whither_o the_o procession_n be_v direct_v by_o which_o we_o must_v be_v guide_v in_o our_o next_o enquiry_n in_o all_o the_o funeral_n of_o note_n especial_o in_o the_o public_a or_o indictive_a the_o corpse_n be_v first_o bring_v with_o a_o vast_a train_n of_o follower_n into_o the_o forum_n thus_o horace_n book_n 1._o sat._n 6._o at_o hic_fw-la si_fw-la plostra_fw-la ducenta_fw-la concurrantque_fw-la foro_fw-la tria_fw-la funera_fw-la magna_fw-la sonabit_fw-la cornua_fw-la quod_fw-la vincatque_fw-la tubas_fw-la here_o one_o of_o the_o near_a relation_n ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_z oblige_v the_o audience_n with_o a_o oration_n in_o praise_n of_o the_o decease_a if_o none_o of_o the_o kindred_n undertake_v the_o office_n it_o be_v discharge_v by_o some_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a person_n in_o the_o city_n for_o learning_n and_o eloquence_n as_o appian_n report_v of_o the_o funeral_n of_o sylla_n 1._o sylla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o and_o pliny_n the_o young_a reckon_v it_o as_o the_o last_o addition_n to_o the_o happiness_n of_o a_o very_a great_a man_n that_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v praise_v at_o his_o funeral_n by_o the_o most_o eloquent_a tacitus_n than_o consul_n 1._o consul_n lib._n 2._o epist_n 1._o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o quinctilian_n account_v of_o this_o matter_n nam_n &_o funebres_fw-la &c._n &c._n for_o funeral_n oration_n say_v he_o depend_v very_o often_o on_o some_o public_a office_n and_o by_o order_n of_o senate_n be_v many_o time_n give_v in_o charge_n to_o the_o magistrate_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o themselves_o in_o person_n 9_o person_n instiâ—nt_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 9_o the_o invention_n of_o this_o custom_n be_v general_o attribute_v to_o valerius_n poplicola_n soon_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o regal_a family_n plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o honour_v his_o colleague_n obsequy_n with_o a_o funeral_n oration_n it_o so_o please_v the_o roman_n that_o it_o become_v customary_a for_o the_o best_a man_n to_o celebrate_v the_o funeral_n of_o great_a person_n with_o speech_n in_o their_o commendation_n nor_o be_v this_o honour_n proper_a to_o one_o sex_n alone_o for_o livy_n report_v that_o the_o matron_n upon_o account_n of_o make_v a_o collection_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o gaul_n be_v allow_v as_o a_o signal_n favour_n to_o have_v funeral_n panegyric_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o men._n plutarch_n relation_n of_o this_o matter_n differ_v from_o livy_n only_o in_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n he_o acquaint_v we_o that_o when_o it_o be_v agree_v after_o the_o take_n of_o veii_n that_o a_o bowl_n of_o massy_a gold_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o send_v to_o delphi_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o magistrate_n so_o puzzle_v in_o consider_v how_o to_o get_v it_o that_o the_o roman_a lady_n meet_v together_o and_o consult_v among_o themselves_o out_o of_o the_o golden_a ornament_n that_o they_o wear_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o go_v to_o the_o make_v the_o offer_n which_o in_o weight_n come_v to_o eight_o talent_n of_o gold_n the_o senate_n to_o give_v they_o the_o honour_n they_o have_v deserve_v ordain_v that_o funeral_n oration_n shall_v be_v use_v at_o the_o obsequy_n of_o woman_n as_o well_o as_o of_o man_n which_o have_v never_o be_v a_o custom_n before_o but_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o this_o honour_n be_v at_o first_o only_o pay_v to_o age_a matron_n since_o we_o learn_v from_o the_o same_o excellent_a author_n that_o there_o be_v no_o precedent_n of_o any_o funeral_n oration_n on_o a_o young_a woman_n till_o julius_n caesar_n first_o make_v one_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o own_o wife_n cicero_n bruto_fw-la cicero_n in_o bruto_fw-la and_o livy_n 8._o livy_n â—ib_fw-la 8._o complain_v very_o much_o of_o this_o custom_n of_o funeral-speeche_n as_o if_o they_o have_v conduce_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o the_o corruption_n and_o falsify_v of_o history_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a on_o these_o occasion_n to_o be_v direct_v more_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o oratory_n than_o by_o the_o true_a matter_n of_o fact_n it_o usual_o happen_v that_o the_o decease_a party_n be_v extol_v on_o the_o account_n of_o several_a noble_a achievement_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o just_a pretension_n and_o especial_o when_o they_o come_v to_o inquire_v into_o their_o stock_n and_o original_a as_o be_v customary_a at_o these_o solemnity_n they_o seldom_o fail_v to_o clap_v in_o three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o most_o renown_a person_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o illustrate_v the_o family_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o so_o by_o degree_n well_o nigh_o ruin_v all_o proper_a distinction_n of_o house_n and_o blood_n the_o next_o place_n to_o which_o the_o corpse_n be_v carry_v be_v the_o place_n of_o burn_v and_o burial_n it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n among_o most_o nation_n to_o appoint_v this_o without_o the_o city_n particular_o among_o the_o jew_n and_o greek_n from_o who_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v down_o to_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o jew_n bury_v without_o the_o city_n be_v evident_a from_o several_a place_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n thus_o the_o sepulchre_n in_o which_o joseph_n lay_v our_o saviour_n body_n be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n in_o which_o he_o be_v crucify_v 19.41_o crucify_v john_n 19.41_o which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o city_n 19.20_o city_n john_n 19.20_o and_o we_o read_v in_o st._n matthew_n that_o at_o our_o lord_n passion_n the_o grave_n be_v open_v and_o many_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n which_o sleep_v arise_v and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o grave_n after_o his_o resurrection_n and_o go_v into_o the_o holy_a city_n and_o appear_v unto_o many_o 53._o many_o matthew_z 27.52_o and_o 53._o as_o to_o the_o grecian_n servius_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o tully_n 12._o tully_n famii_n lib._n 4_o epist_n 12._o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o unhappy_a death_n of_o his_o colleague_n marcellus_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o greece_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o athenian_n to_o allow_v he_o a_o burying-place_n within_o the_o city_n they_o urge_v a_o religious_a restraint_n in_o that_o point_n and_o the_o want_n of_o precedent_n for_o such_o a_o practice_n the_o roman_n follow_v the_o same_o custom_n from_o the_o very_a first_o building_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v afterward_o settle_v in_o a_o law_n by_o the_o decemviri_fw-la and_o often_o revive_v and_o confirm_v by_o several_a late_a constitution_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o ancient_a practice_n may_v be_v resolve_v into_o a_o sacred_a and_o a_o civil_a consideration_n as_o to_o the_o former_a the_o roman_n and_o most_o other_o people_n have_v a_o notion_n that_o whatever_o have_v be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o supernal_a god_n be_v present_o defile_v upon_o the_o touch_n of_o a_o corpse_n or_o even_o by_o bring_v such_o a_o spectacle_n near_o it_o thus_o agellius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o flamen_n dialis_n may_v not_o on_o any_o account_n enter_v into_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v a_o grave_a or_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v a_o dead_a body_n 15._o body_n lib._n 10._o cap._n 15._o and_o if_o the_o pontifex_n maximus_n happen_v to_o praise_v any_o one_o public_o at_o a_o funeral_n he_o have_v a_o veil_n always_o lay_v over_o the_o corpse_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o his_o sight_n as_o dio_n report_v of_o augustus_n 54._o augustus_n lib._n 54._o and_o seneca_n of_o tiberius_n 15._o tiberius_n consolat_a ad_fw-la mar._n cap._n 15._o it_o be_v likely_a that_o this_o may_v be_v borrow_a from_o the_o jewish_a law_n by_o which_o the_o highpriest_n be_v forbid_v to_o use_v the_o ordinary_a sign_n of_o mourn_a or_o to_o go_v in_o to_o any_o dead_a body_n 11._o body_n leviticus_n 21.10_o 11._o the_o civil_a consideration_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v that_o neither_o the_o air_n may_v be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o stench_n of_o putrefy_a body_n nor_o the_o building_n endanger_v
by_o the_o frequency_n of_o funeral_n fire_n the_o place_n then_o appoint_v for_o burial_n without_o the_o city_n be_v either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a place_n be_v the_o field_n or_o garden_n belong_v to_o particular_a family_n hence_o martial_n take_v the_o jest_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epigram_n on_o a_o gentleman_n that_o have_v bury_v abundance_n of_o wife_n septima_fw-la jam_fw-la phileros_n tibi_fw-la conditur_fw-la uxor_fw-la in_o agro_fw-la plus_fw-fr nulli_fw-la phileros_n quà m_fw-la tibi_fw-la reddit_fw-la agre_z if_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o always_o bury_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o field_n or_o garden_n which_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o common_a road_n both_o to_o put_v passenger_n in_o mind_n of_o mortality_n and_o to_o save_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o land_n thus_o juvenal_n sat._n 1._o experiar_fw-la quid_fw-la concedatur_fw-la in_o illos_fw-la quorum_fw-la flaminiâ_fw-la tegitur_fw-la cinis_fw-la atque_fw-la latinâ_fw-la and_o we_o have_v scarce_o any_o relation_n of_o a_o bury_v in_o author_n but_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o urn_n be_v lay_v near_o such_o a_o way_n propertius_n be_v very_o carne_a in_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v bury_v after_o this_o ordinary_a custom_n near_o a_o celebrate_a road_n for_o fear_v it_o shall_v disturb_v his_o shade_n dii_fw-la faciant_fw-la mea_fw-la ne_fw-la terrâ_fw-la locet_fw-la ossa_fw-la frequenti_fw-la quà _fw-la facit_fw-la assiduo_fw-la tramite_fw-la vulgus_fw-la iter_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la tumuli_fw-la sic_fw-la infamantur_fw-la amantum_fw-la i_fw-mi tegat_fw-la arboneâ_fw-la devia_fw-la terra_fw-la comâ_fw-la aut_fw-la humet_fw-la ignotae_fw-la cumulus_fw-la vallatus_fw-la arenae_fw-la non_fw-la juvat_fw-la in_o mediâ_fw-la nomen_fw-la habere_fw-la viâ_fw-la lib._n 3._o eleg._n 15._o the_o public_a bury_v place_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o which_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o poor_a and_o those_o which_o be_v put_v to_o this_o use_v only_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o great_a person_n the_o former_a be_v the_o puticulae_fw-la or_o puticuli_fw-la without_o the_o esquilian_a gate_n they_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v put_v to_o no_o other_o use_v than_o the_o bury_n the_o bone_n and_o ash_n of_o person_n of_o the_o low_a rank_n who_o have_v no_o private_a place_n of_o their_o own_o to_o lay_v the_o corpse_n in_o but_o because_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o bone_n deposit_v here_o infect_v the_o air_n render_v the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o city_n unhealthy_a augustus_n give_v away_o a_o great_a many_o acre_n of_o this_o common_a field_n to_o his_o favourite_n maecenas_n who_o turn_v it_o into_o fine_a garden_n this_o horace_n tell_v we_o at_o large_a book_n 1_o sat._n 8._o huc_fw-la priùs_fw-la angustis_fw-la ejecta_fw-la cadavera_fw-la cellis_fw-la conservus_fw-la vili_fw-la portanda_fw-la locabat_fw-la in_o arca_fw-la hic_fw-la miserae_fw-la plebi_fw-la stabat_fw-la common_a sepulchrum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o public_a place_n assign_v for_o the_o burial_n of_o great_a person_n be_v common_o the_o campus_n martius_n this_o honour_n can_v not_o be_v procure_v but_o by_o a_o public_a decrec_n of_o senate_n and_o be_v never_o confer_v but_o on_o man_n of_o the_o high_a station_n and_o merit_n thus_o plutarch_n relate_v of_o lucullus_n and_z pompey_z appian_n of_o sylla_n 1._o sylla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o suetonius_n of_o drusus_n 1._o drusus_n claud._n cap._n 1._o and_o virgil_n of_o marcellus_n quantus_fw-la ille_fw-la virûm_fw-la magnam_fw-la mavortis_fw-la ad_fw-la urbem_fw-la campus_n aget_fw-la gemitus_fw-la well_fw-mi quae_fw-la tiberine_n videbis_fw-la funera_fw-la cum_fw-la tumulum_fw-la praeterlabere_fw-la recentem_fw-la aen._n 6._o cicero_n in_o his_o nine_o philippic_n report_v that_o servius_n sulpitius_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o many_o signal_n service_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o public_a sepulchre_n in_o the_o campus_n esquilinus_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o he_o please_v thirty_o foot_n in_o dimension_n every_o way_n and_o to_o remain_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o posterity_n but_o there_o be_v not_o many_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a practice_n it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n be_v to_o bury_v without_o the_o city_n but_o we_o must_v except_v some_o sepulcher_n as_o those_o of_o the_o vestal_a virgin_n who_o servius_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o burying-place_n within_o the_o city_n 9_o city_n ad_fw-la aen._n 9_o the_o same_o honour_n be_v allow_v to_o some_o extraordinary_a person_n as_o to_o valerius_n poplicola_n life_n poplicola_n plutarch_n in_o his_o life_n and_o to_o fabritius_n cicero_n fabritius_n cicero_n be_v to_o continue_v to_o their_o heir_n yet_o none_o of_o the_o family_n be_v afterward_o there_o inter_v but_o the_o body_n be_v carry_v thither_o one_o place_v a_o burn_a torch_n under_o it_o and_o then_o immediate_o take_v it_o away_o as_o a_o attestation_n of_o the_o deceas'd_n privilege_n and_o his_o recede_v from_o his_o honour_n and_o then_o the_o body_n be_v remove_v to_o another_o place_n have_v do_v with_o the_o carry_v forth_o we_o come_v to_o the_o act_n of_o burial_n the_o corpse_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o manner_n already_o describe_v without_o the_o city_n if_o they_o design_v to_o burn_v it_o be_v carry_v direct_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o sepulchre_n be_v call_v bustum_fw-la if_o separate_v from_o it_o vstrina_n and_o there_o lay_v on_o the_o rogus_fw-la or_o pyra_n a_o pile_n of_o wood_n prepare_v to_o burn_v it_o on_o this_o pile_n be_v build_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o altar_n differ_v in_o height_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o decease_a thus_o virgil_n in_o the_o funeral_n of_o misenus_n aen._n 6._o aramque_fw-la sepulchri_fw-la congerere_fw-la arboribus_fw-la coeloque_fw-la educere_fw-la certant_fw-la and_o ovid_n against_o ibis_n et_fw-la dare_v plebeio_fw-la corpus_fw-la inane_fw-la rogo_fw-la the_o tree_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o be_v common_o such_o as_o have_v most_o pitch_n or_o rosin_n in_o they_o and_o if_o they_o take_v any_o other_o wood_n they_o split_v it_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a catch_a fire_n procumbunt_fw-la piceae_fw-la sonat_fw-la icta_fw-la securibus_fw-la ilex_fw-la fraxineaeque_fw-la trabes_fw-la cuneis_fw-la &_o fissile_a robur_fw-la scinditur_fw-la virg._n aen._n 6._o round_o about_o the_o pile_n they_o use_v to_o set_v a_o parcel_n of_o cypress-tree_n perhaps_o to_o hinder_v the_o noisome_a smell_n of_o the_o corpse_n this_o observation_n be_v owe_v to_o virgil_n in_o the_o same_o place_n ingentem_fw-la struxere_fw-la pyram_fw-la cvi_fw-la frondibus_fw-la atris_fw-la intexunt_fw-la latera_fw-la &_o ferales_fw-la ante_fw-la cupressus_fw-la constituunt_fw-la that_o the_o body_n be_v place_v on_o the_o pile_n not_o by_o itself_o but_o together_o with_o the_o couch_n or_o bed_n on_o which_o it_o lay_v we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o tibullus_n book_n 1_o el._n 1._o flebis_fw-la &_o arsuro_fw-la positum_fw-la i_o delia_n lecto_fw-la this_o be_v do_v the_o next_o of_o blood_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n of_o light_v the_o pile_n which_o they_o do_v with_o a_o torch_n turn_v their_o face_n all_o the_o while_n the_o other_o way_n as_o if_o it_o be_v do_v out_o of_o necessity_n and_o not_o willing_o thus_o virgil_n aen._n 6._o subjectam_fw-la more_fw-it parentum_fw-la aversi_fw-la tenuere_fw-la facem_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o the_o wood_n take_v fire_n they_o wish_v and_o pray_v for_o a_o wind_n to_o assist_v the_o flame_n and_o hasten_v the_o consume_n of_o the_o body_n which_o they_o look_v on_o as_o a_o fortunate_a accident_n thus_o cynthia_n in_o propertius_n cur_n ventos_fw-la non_fw-la ipse_fw-la rogis_fw-la ingrate_fw-it petisti_fw-la and_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o sylla_n report_n that_o the_o day_n be_v cloudy_a over_o head_n they_o defer_v carry_v forth_o the_o corpse_n till_o about_o three_o in_o the_o afternoon_n expect_v it_o will_v rain_v but_o a_o strong_a wind_n blow_v full_a against_o the_o funeral-pile_n and_o set_v it_o all_o on_o a_o flame_n his_o body_n be_v consume_v in_o a_o moment_n as_o the_o pile_n shrink_v down_o and_o the_o fire_n be_v upon_o go_v out_o the_o cloud_n shower_v down_o and_o continue_v rain_v till_o night_n so_o that_o his_o good_a fortune_n be_v firm_a even_o to_o the_o last_o and_o do_v as_o it_o be_v officiate_v at_o his_o funeral_n at_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o renown_a general_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o wood_n be_v light_v the_o soldier_n and_o all_o the_o company_n make_v a_o solemn_a course_n decursio_fw-la three_o time_n round_a the_o pile_n to_o show_v their_o affection_n to_o the_o decease_a of_o which_o we_o have_v numerous_a example_n in_o history_n virgil_n have_v not_o forget_v to_o express_v this_o custom_n ter_n circum_fw-la accensos_fw-la cincti_fw-la fulgentibus_fw-la armis_fw-la decurrere_fw-la rogos_fw-la ter_z moestum_fw-la funeris_fw-la ignem_fw-la lustravere_fw-la in_o equis_fw-la ululatusque_fw-la ore_fw-la dedere_fw-la aen._n 11._o the_o body_n never_o burn_v without_o