errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o 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in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
supreme_a power_n and_o his_o minister_n or_o officer_n as_o powers_z subordinate_a to_o he_o and_o act_v by_o his_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v submit_v to_o and_o obey_v as_o much_o as_o himself_o and_o it_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o st._n peter_n to_o have_v conclude_v this_o exhortation_n with_o fear_n god_n and_o honour_n the_o king_n if_o he_o have_v allow_v it_o lawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o resist_v he_o since_o certain_o no_o man_n can_v honour_v he_o who_o he_o resist_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o doctrine_n everlasting_o true_a appear_v by_o the_o time_n in_o which_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n write_v these_o epistle_n which_o be_v either_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o claudius_n or_o nero_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v hardly_o meet_v with_o two_o worse_a man_n or_o more_o cruel_a tyrant_n in_o all_o the_o catalogue_n of_o emperor_n since_o the_o former_a commit_v many_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a thing_n by_o his_o freedman_n and_o officer_n and_o also_o 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when_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o jew_n he_o banish_v they_o from_o rome_n as_o appear_v by_o act_n the_o eighteen_o when_o aquila_n and_o priscilla_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v italy_n and_o come_v into_o greece_n because_o of_o that_o edict_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v this_o very_a claudius_n to_o who_o st._n peter_n if_o not_o st._n paul_n do_v require_v all_o man_n to_o be_v subject_a without_o any_o resistance_n f._n i_o think_v this_o difficulty_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o grant_v that_o claudius_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n banish_v the_o jew_n from_o rome_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o banish_v the_o christian_n from_o thence_o as_o we_o know_v of_o any_o otherwise_o than_o as_o they_o be_v jew_n by_o nation_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o aquila_n be_v a_o jew_n by_o birth_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v rome_n with_o the_o rest_n but_o neither_o suetonius_n nor_o any_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o likewise_o banish_v the_o christian_n though_o i_o know_v indeed_o there_o be_v some_o learned_a man_n that_o will_v interpret_v this_o passage_n in_o the_o former_a author_n in_o his_o life_n of_o claudius_n judaeos_fw-la tumultuantes_fw-la impulsante_n cresto_n româ_fw-la expulit_fw-la to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o christian_n be_v expel_v rome_n as_o instigate_v by_o christ_n their_o prophet_n to_o sedition_n but_o though_o i_o own_o that_o our_o saviour_n be_v sometime_o call_v chrestus_n by_o the_o pagan_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o chrestus_n here_o mention_v can_v be_v understand_v our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v very_o evident_a for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o improbable_a for_o suetonius_n to_o have_v make_v christ_n who_o be_v dead_a above_o thirty_o year_n before_o to_o have_v excite_v the_o jew_n to_o sedition_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o his_o annal_n with_o much_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o not_o our_o saviour_n but_o some_o seditious_a jew_n call_v crestus_n who_o head_v this_o sedition_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o jew_n from_o rome_n so_o that_o this_o be_v no_o more_o a_o persecution_n for_o religion_n than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v for_o the_o parliament_n in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o reign_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o popish_a plot_n to_o have_v banish_v all_o the_o papist_n out_o of_o england_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o former_a rebellion_n and_o constant_a machination_n to_o overturn_v the_o government_n and_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n but_o suppose_v this_o edict_n to_o have_v banish_v the_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o jew_n it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o for_o it_o be_v no_o persecution_n for_o religion_n and_o beside_o be_v make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o claudius_n it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a edict_n and_o we_o find_v the_o jew_n to_o have_v live_v quiet_o at_o rome_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o acts._n but_o as_o for_o claudius_n government_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o insupportable_a tyranny_n that_o there_o be_v no_o prince_n that_o do_v take_v more_o care_n to_o do_v impartial_a justice_n according_a to_o that_o small_a capacity_n he_o be_v master_n of_o than_o himself_o and_o though_o i_o yield_v that_o by_o his_o proconsul_n precedent_n and_o freeman_n there_o be_v many_o oppression_n and_o cruelty_n commit_v in_o the_o province_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o against_o some_o private_a man_n and_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o destroy_n and_o enslave_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n who_o during_o his_o reign_n general_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n with_o as_o great_a freedom_n as_o under_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o as_o for_o nero_n all_o ecclesiastical_a historian_n agree_v that_o if_o this_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n be_v write_v in_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v within_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o his_o nonage_n under_o the_o administration_n of_o seneca_n and_o burrhus_n during_o which_o time_n all_o the_o historian_n agree_v that_o the_o empire_n be_v never_o better_o govern_v and_o as_o for_o the_o wickedness_n and_o violence_n that_o nero_n commit_v afterward_o when_o he_o persecute_v the_o christian_n murder_v his_o mother_n his_o wife_n and_o most_o of_o his_o best_a and_o most_o intimate_a friend_n and_o set_v the_o city_n on_o fire_n st._n paul_n be_v so_o far_o from_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o that_o sure_o he_o will_v not_o have_v urge_v it_o to_o the_o roman_n as_o a_o reason_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o he_o that_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil_a or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o minister_n to_o they_o that_o be_v to_o
at_o the_o end_n but_o the_o king_n himself_o teâ—â—e_o meipso_fw-la and_o far_o both_o agree_v in_o all_o thing_n material_a with_o four_o ancient_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v in_o minority_n one_o of_o which_o be_v in_o the_o cuttonian_a library_n a_o second_o be_v late_o in_o possession_n of_o sam_n baldwin_n sergeant_n at_o law_n a_o three_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n cook_n esq_n chief_a prothonotary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o a_o four_o be_v at_o this_o present_a with_o mr._n peryt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n which_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v but_o to_o put_v this_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o fair_a original_a of_o this_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o bâ—â—â—ail_v abbey_n and_o be_v now_o to_o 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which_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v of_o but_o pray_v tell_v who_o ever_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o or_o that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o you_o here_o give_v we_o a_o beadroll_n of_o can_v all_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o person_n or_o have_v all_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o this_o clause_n be_v true_a in_o a_o legal_a though_o not_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n grant_v this_o 15_o viz._n that_o the_o prelate_n and_o temporal_a lord_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o respective_a representative_n grant_v this_o fifteen_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n in_o your_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o our_o common_a law_n that_o he_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v any_o thing_n by_o his_o sufficient_a proxy_n or_o representative_a be_v say_v to_o perform_v it_o by_o 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limit_n our_o saviour_n set_v to_o our_o duty_n to_o prince_n this_o i_o hope_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o explication_n of_o our_o saviour_n answer_n to_o the_o pharisee_n and_o herodian_o which_o evident_o contain_v the_o doctrine_n of_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n to_o prince_n enforce_v on_o we_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o saviour_n himself_o f._n i_o shall_v not_o dispute_v that_o this_o instance_n of_o our_o saviour_n do_v enjoin_v the_o jew_n to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o render_v all_o those_o right_n and_o due_n to_o caesar_n as_o the_o supreme_a power_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o its_o essence_n but_o you_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o stretch_v this_o prerogative_n a_o great_a deal_n too_o far_o when_o you_o thus_o suppose_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n to_o prince_n without_o any_o resistance_n to_o be_v as_o plain_o enjoin_v by_o our_o saviour_n in_o this_o law_n as_o pay_v tribute_n for_o the_o reason_n you_o give_v for_o it_o viz._n that_o subjection_n and_o 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military_a discipline_n but_o suppose_v that_o in_o a_o mad_a or_o drunken_a sit_v he_o shall_v command_v some_o troop_n of_o his_o guard_n to_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n and_o they_o be_v such_o obedient_a coxcomb_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o put_v this_o order_n in_o execution_n do_v it_o therefore_o derogate_v from_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o his_o power_n as_o general_n if_o the_o army_n will_v not_o stand_v still_o and_o let_v three_o or_o four_o hundred_o fellow_n take_v away_o all_o their_o life_n but_o that_o this_o principle_n of_o passive_a obedience_n in_o your_o sense_n of_o suffer_v prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n to_o destroy_v or_o enslave_v they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v it_o to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o can_v much_o easy_o make_v it_o out_o by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o barbarous_a as_o civilise_v to_o be_v both_o unreasonable_a and_o impracticable_a and_o that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o determine_v by_o st._n paul_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o prove_v it_o to_o i_o when_o you_o come_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o 13_o the_o to_o the_o roman_n so_o much_o insist_v upon_o by_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n but_o before_o i_o make_v a_o end_n with_o this_o text_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o your_o last_o assertion_n that_o by_o render_v to_o caesar_n the_o thing_n which_o be_v caesar_n god_n except_v nothing_o from_o caesar_n be_v right_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v due_a to_o sovereign_a prince_n but_o what_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o and_o encroachment_n on_o god_n right_o and_o sovereignty_n that_o be_v we_o must_v pay_v all_o that_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n to_o prince_n which_o be_v consistent_a with_o our_o duty_n to_o god_n now_o if_o this_o be_v the_o only_a limit_n that_o our_o saviour_n set_v to_o our_o duty_n to_o prince_n as_o you_o suppose_v i_o wonder_v by_o what_o law_n the_o learned_a doctor_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o principle_n as_o also_o those_o other_o clergyman_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n can_v justify_v thelr_o refuse_v to_o read_v the_o king_n late_a proclamation_n of_o indulgence_n or_o toleration_n for_o if_o the_o king_n as_o they_o own_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n be_v the_o only_a supreme_a governor_n of_o his_o dominion_n in_o all_o thing_n or_o cause_n whatsoever_o he_o must_v likewise_o be_v the_o caesar_n here_o mean_v in_o this_o text_n and_o consequent_o a_o active_a not_o passive_a obedience_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v to_o this_o declaration_n since_o you_o say_v that_o obedience_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n due_a to_o sovereign_a prince_n to_o who_o we_o must_v pay_v all_o that_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n which_o be_v consistent_a with_o our_o duty_n to_o god_n and_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o say_v that_o this_o declaration_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o that_o duty_n or_o be_v any_o violation_n or_o encroachment_n upon_o god_n right_n of_o sovereignty_n m._n as_o for_o your_o last_o observation_n upon_o those_o clergy_n man_n who_o refuse_v to_o read_v the_o declaration_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o have_v according_a to_o my_o civil_a law_n maxim_n no_o excuse_n ready_a for_o they_o since_o with_o we_o it_o be_v always_o true_a in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o absolute_a monarchy_n quicquid_fw-la regi_fw-la placuit_fw-la legi_n habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la much_o less_o can_v i_o reconcile_v it_o with_o that_o unbounded_a supremacy_n which_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o also_o the_o opinion_n of_o most_o modern_a judge_n have_v place_v in_o the_o king_n in_o all_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n but_o indeed_o i_o can_v least_o of_o all_o reconcile_v it_o with_o this_o assertion_n you_o now_o mention_v which_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v take_v from_o divers_a sermon_n and_o treatise_n that_o have_v be_v preach_v and_o print_v of_o late_a by_o our_o city_n divine_v to_o who_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o answer_v this_o objection_n but_o to_o proceed_v with_o the_o design_n in_o hand_n 57_o i_o shall_v come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o prove_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n without_o resistance_n to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n from_o our_o saviour_n rebuke_n to_o st._n peter_n when_o he_o draw_v his_o sword_n and_o strike_v a_o servant_n of_o the_o highpriest_n and_o smite_v off_o his_o ear_n which_o be_v as_o plain_a a_o declaration_n against_o resistance_n as_o word_n can_v make_v it_o 26.52_o then_o say_v jesus_n unto_o he_o put_v up_o thy_o sword_n unto_o his_o place_n for_o all_o they_o that_o take_v the_o sword_n shall_v perish_v by_o the_o sword_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o which_o we_o must_v consider_v upon_o what_o occasion_n st._n peter_n draw_v his_o sword_n for_o we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o our_o saviour_n do_v absolute_o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o the_o sword_n which_o be_v to_o destroy_v all_o civil_a government_n 58._o and_o the_o power_n of_o prince_n and_o to_o proclaim_v impunity_n to_o all_o which_o villainy_n that_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o world_n the_o sword_n be_v necessary_a to_o punish_v wickedness_n and_o to_o protect_v the_o innocent_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o prince_n it_o be_v a_o instrument_n of_o justice_n as_o st._n paul_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o bear_v not_o the_o sword_n in_o vain_a 13.4_o but_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n revenger_n to_o execute_v wrath_n upon_o he_o that_o do_v evil_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o private_a person_n it_o may_v be_v lawful_o use_v in_o self-defence_n thus_o our_o saviour_n a_o little_a before_o his_o crucifixion_n give_v commission_n to_o his_o disciple_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o sword_n 22.36_o though_o they_o part_v with_o theâ—r_a garment_n for_o the_o purchase_n which_o we_o suppose_v be_v not_o design_v as_o a_o mere_a modish_n and_o fashionable_a thing_n but_o to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o private_a assault_n of_o robber_n and_o such_o like_a common_a enemy_n 59_o who_o as_o josephus_n tell_v we_o be_v very_o nuâ—meroâ—s_v at_o that_o time_n for_o no_o man_n want_v authority_n to_o defend_v his_o life_n against_o he_o who_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o take_v it_o away_o but_o the_o case_n of_o st._n peter_n be_v very_o different_a he_o draw_v his_o sword_n indeed_o in_o his_o master_n defence_n but_o against_o a_o lawful_a authority_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o chief_a priest_n and_o pharisees_n come_v with_o judas_n to_o the_o place_n where_o jesus_n be_v to_o seize_v on_o he_o this_o be_v a_o lawful_a authority_n though_o employ_v upon_o a_o very_a unjust_a errand_n but_o authority_n must_v not_o be_v resist_v
atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o lâ—mbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abtâ—â—uit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobardâ—rum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la lâ—ndevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o
prolix_a already_o which_o the_o abuse_v your_o dr._n have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o avoid_v but_o now_o we_o have_v clear_v most_o of_o the_o term_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o hope_v we_o may_v proceed_v with_o great_a certainty_n m._n though_o your_o discourse_n have_v be_v long_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o essential_o necessary_a to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v and_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o consider_v the_o account_n you_o give_v of_o these_o word_n another_o time_n but_o a_o present_a give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o suppose_v i_o shall_v admit_v that_o those_o word_n on_o which_o you_o have_v now_o give_v interpretation_n of_o divers_a author_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n you_o have_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o consequent_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v represent_v under_o some_o of_o those_o general_a name_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v how_o the_o alderman_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n can_v be_v include_v under_o this_o word_n wite_v since_o in_o the_o auctuary_n to_o the_o 35_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v say_v erant_fw-la &_o aliae_fw-la potestates_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la 67._o per_fw-la provincias_fw-la &_o patrias_n universas_fw-la &_o per_fw-la singulos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la constitutae_fw-la qui_fw-la heretoches_n apud_fw-la anglos_n vocabantur_fw-la scilicet_fw-la barones_n nobiles_fw-la &_o ensign_fw-la sapientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o gregory_n of_o tours_n rodovicus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o foreign_a ancient_a historian_n mention_v sapientes_fw-la only_a as_o lawyer_n counsellor_n judge_n and_o among_o the_o modern_a foreign_a lawyer_n hottomon_n and_o calvin_n say_v express_o they_o be_v such_o but_o perhaps_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a ranâ—_n no_o more_o than_o the_o saxon_n sapientes_fw-la be_v of_o which_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d only_o consist_v and_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o judge_n and_o king_n council_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n that_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n nor_o have_v you_o yet_o bring_v any_o proof_n that_o the_o city_n or_o town_n then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n by_o this_o or_o any_o other_o title_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o treatise_n call_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la mention_n such_o person_n to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelred_n yet_o by_o that_o word_n parliament_n so_o often_o use_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o author_n live_v but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o or_o rich._n 2._o as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n to_o sir_n e._n cook_n be_v four_o institutes_n have_v very_o full_o prove_v so_o that_o admit_v that_o your_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o town_n do_v then_o appear_v in_o those_o council_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v their_o representative_n because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o they_o be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o ordinary_a freeholder_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o freeman_n and_o inhabitant_n in_o city_n and_o town_n have_v the_o grâ—â—test_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thanes_z you_o mention_v they_o or_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v owe_v their_o estate_n whole_o to_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o hold_v their_o possession_n from_o they_o by_o some_o tenure_n or_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v liable_a even_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n to_o those_o three_o service_n ancient_o call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n expediâ—â—â—_n castelli_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructio_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z do_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o knight_n or_o military_a service_n appear_v by_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z exâ—â—rest_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o person_n who_o hold_v those_o land_n owe_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o king_n bounty_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o they_o must_v likewise_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n to_o the_o same_o original_a f._n i_o think_v what_o you_o have_v now_o far_o urge_v will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n against_o my_o opinion_n for_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o addition_n to_o that_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n barones_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o since_o that_o time_n that_o word_n not_o be_v common_o in_o use_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n if_o you_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v it_o out_o that_o these_o heretoches_n here_o call_v baron_n be_v no_o other_o than_o ordinary_a gentleman_n or_o thanes_z which_o then_o answer_v the_o word_n barones_n and_o these_o as_o this_o law_n itself_o express_o tell_v we_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o folemote_a or_o county-court_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v man_n of_o estate_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o their_o be_v lord_n or_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o people_n will_v have_v choose_v their_o earl_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a order_n to_o command_v they_o when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a choice_n of_o thanes_z or_o gentleman_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o command_v the_o military_a force_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a these_o gentleman_n be_v call_v noble_n and_o remarkable_a wise_a man_n yet_o this_o according_a to_o your_o own_o show_v do_v not_o exclude_v other_o and_o those_o of_o a_o far_o different_a profession_n viz._n counsellor_n lawyer_n and_o judge_n all_o which_o you_o suppose_v have_v then_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o they_o have_v now_o in_o the_o lordâ—_n house_n and_o if_o this_o word_n may_v comprehend_v both_o swordman_n and_o lawyer_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o better_o and_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n who_o in_o that_o age_n as_o be_v notorious_a be_v elect_v by_o their_o respective_a corporation_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o these_o be_v call_v sapientes_fw-la in_o other_o country_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o â—ny_v not_o have_v be_v call_v so_o here_o too_o but_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o counsellor_n can_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o show_v you_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v now_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n a_o considerable_a share_n in_o those_o great_a council_n since_o in_o they_o consist_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v many_o more_o than_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o bede_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n long_o before_o his_o time_n 28_o famous_a city_n beside_o innumerable_a castle_n and_o wall_a town_n of_o note_n many_o of_o which_o author_n though_o now_o extreme_o decay_v or_o quite_o mine_v be_v then_o very_o considerable_a the_o great_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n for_o their_o great_a benefit_n or_o security_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o â—y_a incultivate_v and_o over_o run_v with_o forest_n and_o bogâ—_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o city_n and_o borough_n be_v they_o so_o considerable_a for_o estate_n in_o land_n as_o well_o as_o other_o richâ—â—_n can_v not_o â—e_v exclude_v from_o have_v place_n both_o in_o the_o british_a or_o saxon_a great_a council_n what_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v
without_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n divers_a of_o who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v for_o some_o reason_n then_o omit_v to_o summon_v but_o as_o for_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o baron_n peer_n or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o summon_v and_o sametimes_o omit_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o three_o edwards_n you_o do_v well_o to_o put_v in_o that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o after_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v leave_v off_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n by_o themselves_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n iii_o reign_n and_o then_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n call_v several_a of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o also_o other_o that_o be_v not_o so_o by_o writ_n to_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n as_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la i._n e._n not_o as_o real_a baron_n but_o barons-peer_n since_o a_o baâ—e_a summons_n by_o writ_n do_v not_o as_o yet_o nor_o long_v after_o vest_n a_o peerage_n in_o their_o heir_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v urge_v from_o the_o example_n of_o scotland_n to_o make_v i_o change_v my_o opinion_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o the_o sole_a representative_n either_o of_o this_o or_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o charter_n of_o their_o king_n as_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o late_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o council_n in_o that_o kingdom_n m._n i_o can_v say_v more_o as_o to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la their_o come_n to_o parliament_n as_o the_o sole_a reprensentative_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v but_o it_o grow_v late_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o present_a and_o so_o shall_v only_o proceed_v to_o remark_n that_o great_a part_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n proceed_v from_o this_o false_a ground_n that_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o parliament_n both_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v a_o perfect_a representative_a body_n of_o all_o the_o freehoulders_a and_o freeman_n of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o we_o will_v consider_v it_o never_o be_v nor_o indeed_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o you_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o lease-holders_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n all_o freeman_n in_o town_n corporate_a where_o the_o election_n lie_v whole_o in_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n or_o common_a council_n and_o last_o all_o that_o will_v not_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n in_o divers_a burrough_n town_n be_v utter_o exclude_v from_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o consequent_o from_o have_v any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n though_o sure_a as_o much_o freeman_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o either_o by_o general_a statute_n or_o else_o by_o the_o particular_a charter_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o city_n town_n and_o burrough_n all_o which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a and_o lawful_a representative_n of_o those_o city_n and_o burrough_n so_o that_o i_o be_o clear_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n 68_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o those_o who_o be_v baron_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o only_o represent_v themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v as_o you_o true_o observe_v never_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v believe_v that_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o bishop_n can_v represent_v his_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o represent_v they_o and_o yet_o these_o might_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o feudal_n tenor_n and_o the_o power_n they_o then_o have_v over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n very_o well_o make_v law_n for_o they_o and_o tax_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o the_o main_a interest_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lay_v almost_o whole_o in_o they_o and_o these_o as_o the_o doctor_n very_o well_o observe_v have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la always_o do_v make_v law_n for_o and_o tax_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o to_o say_v somewhat_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v from_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n i_o know_v not_o what_o old_a privilege_n they_o may_v pretend_v to_o of_o not_o be_v force_v to_o give_v voluntary_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n of_o their_o movable_a good_n without_o their_o consent_n yet_o this_o much_o i_o think_v may_v be_v make_v out_o that_o as_o for_o all_o land_n tax_n and_o the_o general_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v as_o much_o bind_v by_o the_o one_o and_o as_o much_o liable_a to_o pay_v to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n or_o else_o how_o come_v they_o afterward_o to_o be_v bind_v by_o our_o general_a statute_n at_o all_o as_o certain_o they_o be_v from_o all_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n though_o chester_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o parliament_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o durham_n have_v none_o till_o our_o time_n f._n you_o gentleman_n who_o hold_v this_o general_a notion_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o intoxicate_v with_o it_o that_o you_o do_v not_o care_v what_o absurdity_n or_o contradiction_n you_o fall_v into_o provide_v you_o may_v maintain_v your_o dear_a opinion_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o reply_n to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v be_v very_o fallacious_a and_o in_o some_o point_n mistake_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v in_o their_o first_o institution_n the_o main_a body_n or_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o though_o it_o may_v by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n to_o deviate_v from_o that_o institution_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o some_o prevail_a custom_n or_o else_o positive_a law_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o right_a of_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o person_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o ingenuus_n be_v synonimous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n comment_n in_o his_o glossary_n upon_o those_o word_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o member_n of_o those_o council_n be_v so_o numerous_a as_o they_o be_v in_o those_o time_n and_o long_o after_o till_o they_o become_v so_o vast_a and_o unmanageable_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o by_o degree_n to_o pitch_v upon_o this_o method_n of_o send_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o represent_v they_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a ancient_a institution_n since_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_n demean_v claim_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n by_o prescription_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o and_o likewise_o since_o all_o riches_n consist_v in_o those_o day_n in_o land_n or_o else_o in_o stock_n or_o trade_n therefore_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o riches_n have_v always_o a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n as_o well_o as_o in_o give_v of_o tax_n and_o since_o all_o such_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o be_v able_a to_o come_v in_o person_n as_o the_o freeholders_n can_v be_v represent_v either_o by_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n call_v their_o alderman_n or_o else_o by_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o all_o freedom_n or_o ingenuity_n be_v in_o this_o as_o in_o all_o other_o commonwealth_n reckon_v per_fw-la censum_fw-la by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o owner_n our_o common_a council_n be_v and_o that_o true_o the_o representative_n not_o only_o of_o the_o estate_n but_o person_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o cheorl_n folk_n as_o they_o be_v then_o term_v be_v little_o better_a than_o the_o scotch_a vassal_n or_o
to_o examine_v this_o quotation_n because_o i_o confess_v it_o seem_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thorough_o examine_v will_v make_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o you_o 301._o and_o to_o this_o end_n pray_v let_v we_o read_v the_o dr_n observation_n on_o this_o passage_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormaunicum_fw-la f._n but_o you_o need_v not_o read_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n since_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o the_o dr._n as_o that_o by_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinus_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o this_o author_n render_v they_o who_o the_o dr._n here_o write_v against_o the_o chief_a 301._o or_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o condition_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o both_o order_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o the_o dr._n here_o will_v have_v it_o that_o these_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v only_o bishop_n â—_o abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n only_o and_o the_o procene_n and_o magnate_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n alone_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o produce_v several_a quotation_n out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n malmsbury_n eadmer_n to_o prove_v that_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v at_o these_o council_n yet_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la and_o primate_fw-la do_v not_o in_o their_o proper_a signification_n signify_v none_o but_o bishop_n or_o dignify_v clergyman_n on_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n only_o since_o these_o word_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o chief_a principal_n or_o most_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n dignity_n or_o estate_n any_o place_n in_o our_o general_n council_n at_o that_o time_n and_o which_o do_v certain_o comprehend_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n also_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v bold_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v then_o there_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o divers_a province_n city_n and_o great_a to_n m._n well_o but_o pray_v see_v here_o do_v not_o the_o dr._n prove_v plain_a enough_o that_o this_o gentleman_n he_o write_v against_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o translation_n ibid._n and_o apply_v the_o word_n provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la for_o chief_a layman_n from_o divers_a country_n city_n and_o burrough_n whereas_o the_o dr._n here_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n mention_v in_o this_o passage_n can_v here_o mean_v layman_n send_v from_o county_n to_o city_n but_o only_o the_o bishop_n who_o seat_n be_v here_o call_v urbes_fw-la and_o which_o as_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o be_v by_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1077._o be_v the_o 11_o of_o king_n william_n translate_v from_o village_n to_o city_n as_o be_v sherburn_n in_o dorsetshire_n remove_v to_o sarum_n selsey_n to_o chichester_n litchfield_n to_o chester_n which_o be_v before_o this_o council_n at_o westminster_n cite_v by_o sulcardus_n 302._o which_o this_o author_n place_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o dr._n here_o far_o prove_v from_o these_o word_n follow_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiâ—e_fw-la that_o this_o universal_a synod_n be_v call_v for_o hear_v and_o handle_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o christian_a church_n that_o these_o word_n every_o christian_a church_n must_v certain_o mean_v many_o church_n in_o england_n which_o in_o reason_n and_o probability_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o small_a parish-church_n all_o the_o nation_n over_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o cathedral_n or_o churches_n where_o bishop_n seat_n than_o be_v or_o where_o they_o have_v be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o comment_n of_o your_o doctor_n before_o we_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v i_o grant_v he_o that_o by_o urbes_fw-la may_v here_o be_v mean_v such_o city_n as_o have_v bishop_n seat_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v signify_v no_o other_o city_n or_o town_n but_o bishop_n seat_n only_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v in_o the_o modern_a acceptation_n of_o this_o word_n vrbs_fw-la here_o in_o england_n a_o city_n and_o a_o bishop_n seat_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o then_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n you_o mention_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v remove_v from_o village_n to_o city_n nor_o it_o seem_v be_v all_o of_o they_o so_o remove_v at_o this_o council_n you_o 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be_v in_o those_o day_n present_a in_o those_o assembly_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o doctor_n that_o even_o in_o his_o own_o supposition_n all_o city_n have_v not_o yet_o bishop_n seat_n annex_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n vrbibus_fw-la can_v mean_v bishop_n seat_n alone_o but_o any_o other_o great_a or_o wall_a to_n but_o the_o worst_a of_o it_o be_v it_o fall_v out_o very_o unlucky_o for_o the_o dr._n that_o this_o charter_n we_o now_o mention_v bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1075._o two_o year_n before_o this_o law_n for_o remove_v bishop_n see_v to_o city_n be_v make_v so_o that_o all_o his_o learned_a comment_n on_o that_o matter_n signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o doctor_n very_o rational_a conclusion_n which_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o his_o own_o fancy_n to_o support_v they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n pray_v observe_v the_o dr._n own_v that_o by_o these_o principes_fw-la universi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o chief_a clergyman_n and_o nobility_n he_o there_o muster_v up_o but_o pass_v by_o or_o else_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o whole_a context_n of_o these_o word_n hii_fw-la autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempori_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o refer_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la to_o the_o chief_a and_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v alike_o summon_v from_o divers_a country_n and_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o this_o synod_n now_o pray_v do_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n tell_v i_o if_o he_o can_v what_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a nobleman_n be_v then_o summon_v from_o city_n or_o great_a town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n which_o if_o you_o can_v do_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o understand_v these_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o the_o country_n and_o city_n for_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o those_o city_n and_o town_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o think_v the_o dr._n be_v as_o much_o out_o in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o cause_n of_o every_o cathedral_n church_n since_o it_o must_v certain_o mean_v not_o only_a cathedral_n church_n but_o all_o other_o church_n whether_o parochial_a or_o conventual_a for_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o latter_a appear_v by_o one_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o summon_n this_o council_n which_o be_v chief_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o cathedral_n church_n and_o yet_o must_v be_v some_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a corporation_n or_o else_o this_o synod_n can_v have_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o general_a
of_o knight_n of_o shire_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v it_o far_o with_o you_o since_o it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o your_o common_a law_n in_o which_o i_o confess_v myself_o but_o mean_o skill_v but_o i_o shall_v take_v far_a time_n to_o advise_v with_o those_o that_o know_v better_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n let_v they_o have_v appear_v when_o you_o will_v their_o come_n to_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o before_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n i._o much_o less_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o mr._n pryn_n have_v in_o the_o same_o second_o part_n of_o this_o parliamentary_a register_n trace_v the_o summon_n of_o the_o burrough_n to_o their_o very_a original_a and_o prove_v it_o can_v not_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n i_o shall_v here_o contract_v his_o argument_n and_o give_v you_o they_o as_o i_o do_v the_o former_a first_o 214._o he_o here_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v never_o but_o 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second_o that_o 22_o more_o here_o name_v of_o these_o 161_o never_o elect_v and_o return_v burgess_n but_o once_o and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o say_a time_n three_o that_o many_o more_o of_o these_o ancient_a burrough_n here_o name_v never_o send_v member_n 225.226_o some_o of_o they_o more_o than_o twice_o other_o thrice_o other_o four_z other_o five_z other_o six_z other_o seven_z other_o eight_o time_n and_o lancaster_n have_v but_o 13_o election_n and_o return_v of_o burgess_n and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o above_o mention_v reign_n four_o that_o although_o some_o of_o these_o burrough_n here_o name_v who_o seldom_o send_v any_o burgess_n though_o they_o be_v summon_v by_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n to_o elect_a burgess_n without_o any_o great_a interval_n of_o time_n to_o six_o or_o seven_o succeed_v parliament_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v along_o discontinuance_n of_o time_n some_o of_o above_o 200_o other_o above_o 300_o year_n distance_n between_o those_o 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they_o before_o their_o reign_n seven_o that_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o long_a reign_n there_o be_v precept_n issue_v to_o and_o return_v make_v by_o five_o new_a burrough_n and_o no_o more_o which_o never_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o viz._n gatton_n in_o surrey_n hâ—ytesbury_n hyndford_n westbury_n and_o wootton_n basset_n all_o in_o wiitshire_n yet_o very_o poor_a inconsiderable_a burrough_n though_o they_o elect_v burgess_n at_o this_o day_n that_o during_o edward_n the_o four_o reign_n there_o be_v one_o new_a burrough_n here_o name_v which_o begin_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n under_o he_o though_o it_o never_o send_v any_o before_o f._n well_o but_o how_o come_v this_o about_o that_o so_o many_o new_a burrough_n be_v make_v in_o some_o king_n reign_n and_o few_o or_o none_o in_o other_o â—_o and_o so_o many_o omit_v that_o have_v serve_v before_o in_o other_o parliament_n m._n pray_v read_v on_o and_o you_o will_v see_v this_o author_n give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n of_o that_o and_o impure_v it_o to_o two_o cause_n first_o the_o partiality_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n who_o desire_v to_o be_v elect_v in_o such_o new_a burrough_n second_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n who_o by_o divers_a charter_n to_o new_a corporation_n have_v give_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o pray_v see_v what_o this_o author_n here_o far_o say_v it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o precedent_a section_n and_o catalogue_n of_o ancient_a city_n 234._o burrough_n port_n and_o their_o return_n of_o writ_n and_o election_n before_o specify_v with_o these_o general_a clause_n after_o they_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la aliae_fw-la or_o ullae_fw-la civitates_fw-la nec_fw-la burgi_n in_fw-la balliva_fw-la mea_fw-la or_o in_o comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la praeter_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o buck_n anno_fw-la 26_o of_o edward_n ay_o where_o he_o deny_v there_o be_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n in_o his_o whole_a county_n and_o yet_o the_o very_a next_o parliament_n but_o one_o within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o sheriff_n of_o buck_n return_v no_o less_o than_o three_o burrough_n viz._n agmundesham_n wycombe_n and_o wendover_n with_o the_o burgess_n name_n that_o be_v return_v so_o that_o the_o 78_o new_a burrough_n here_o name_v be_v late_o set_v up_o in_o the_o county_n since_o edward_n the_o 4ths_n reign_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o private_a gentleman_n seek_v to_o be_v make_v burgess_n for_o they_o and_o consent_v of_o the_o poor_a burgess_n of_o they_o be_v court_v and_o feâ—sted_v by_o they_o for_o their_o vote_n without_o any_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v all_o i_o in_o poor_a inconsiderable_a burrough_n set_v up_o by_o the_o late_a return_v and_o practice_n of_o sheriff_n and_o though_o other_o may_v conceive_v that_o the_o power_n of_o our_o ancient_a burrough_n or_o city_n elect_v 230._o and_o send_v burgess_n and_o citizen_n to_o our_o parliament_n proceed_v original_o from_o some_o old_a charter_n of_o our_o king_n heretofore_o grant_v to_o they_o and_o to_o which_o opinion_n i_o once_o incline_v yet_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o new_a discovery_n of_o the_o old_a original_a of_o writ_n for_o elect_v knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n i_o find_v in_o caesar_n chapel_n have_v rectify_v my_o former_a mistake_n herein_o and_o abundant_o satisfy_v i_o that_o neither_o bare_a ancient_a custom_n or_o prescription_n before_o or_o since_o the_o conquest_n not_o our_o king_n charter_n but_o the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n precept_n and_o return_v of_o election_n of_o burgess_n and_o citizen_n for_o such_o burrough_n and_o city_n as_o they_o think_v meet_v by_o authority_n
that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n 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to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o 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invade_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n which_o that_o king_n dare_v not_o common_o do_v so_o that_o the_o utmost_a that_o you_o can_v suppose_v he_o can_v do_v be_v to_o take_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o such_o tenant_n of_o the_o church_n who_o have_v take_v part_n with_o king_n harold_n or_o have_v any_o way_n commit_v treason_n against_o himself_o which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o they_o so_o that_o here_o go_v off_o at_o once_o almost_o a_o half_a of_o all_o the_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n which_o the_o king_n do_v never_o dispossess_v the_o ancient_a owner_n of_o to_o these_o may_v be_v also_o add_v all_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n all_o tenant_n in_o socage_n as_o also_o all_o tenant_n in_o gavel_n kind_a which_o in_o those_o day_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o of_o the_o land_n of_o kent_n which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v never_o conquer_v but_o surrender_v upon_o term_n to_o â—are_v their_o ancient_a custom_n and_o tenor_n as_o mr._n cambden_n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o description_n of_o this_o county_n beside_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o other_o county_n by_o the_o same_o tenure_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o mr._n tailor_n be_v history_n of_o gavel_n kind_n all_o which_o be_v not_o tenor_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o register_v in_o domesday_n book_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o owner_n be_v ever_o dispossess_v of_o they_o to_o which_o may_v also_o be_v add_v the_o land_n of_o those_o small_a thanes_z or_o officer_n of_o king_n edward_n who_o name_n be_v find_v in_o domesday_n book_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la to_o all_o these_o we_o may_v also_o add_v all_o such_o norman_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o have_v come_v into_o england_n in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n and_o have_v honour_n and_o land_n give_v they_o by_o he_o have_v continue_v here_o ever_o since_o and_o these_o be_v so_o numerous_a gulielâ—i_fw-la that_o it_o be_v 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earl_n have_v all_o the_o land_n mention_v in_o these_o county_n to_o dispose_v of_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o they_o turn_v out_o all_o the_o old_a proprietor_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o several_a instance_n of_o ancient_a english_a family_n who_o have_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o seat_n they_o have_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n so_o that_o you_o see_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o a_o county_n and_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o former_a be_v plain_a but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a it_o general_o imply_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o the_o government_n of_o that_o county_n thus_o whereas_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n doomsday_n say_v only_o that_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o shrewsbury_n &_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la and_o the_o whole_a county_n but_o that_o be_v soon_o explain_v by_o what_o follow_v &_o totum_fw-la dominum_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenebat_fw-la where_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o dominium_fw-la be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o that_o power_n to_o govern_v it_o which_o king_n edward_n have_v for_o otherwise_o the_o grant_n of_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la have_v be_v sufficient_a m._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o ever_o hear_v or_o consider_v before_o concern_v this_o matter_n but_o you_o do_v not_o give_v i_o any_o positive_a proof_n that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o doom_n day_n book_n be_v make_v there_o be_v any_o englishman_n who_o hold_v earldom_n or_o barony_n or_o other_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o great_a man_n so_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v hitherto_o though_o it_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n yet_o be_v no_o positive_a proof_n against_o the_o 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baronibus_fw-la francigenis_n &_o anglis_fw-la or_o else_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la the_o like_a charter_n also_o appear_v of_o henry_n j._n and_o the_o empress_n maud_n his_o daughter_n so_o that_o if_o francigena_n and_o francus_n signify_v a_o frenchman_n and_o anglus_fw-la and_o englishman_n and_o if_o fidelis_n do_v as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o signify_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o there_o be_v for_o great_a part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n both_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o english_a extraction_n but_o to_o come_v to_o particular_a person_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a name_n in_o doomsday_n book_n as_o also_o by_o several_a recital_n therein_o that_o there_o be_v divers_a english_a