king_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a lord_n magnificent_o clad_v and_o range_v on_o both_o side_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n eighteenth_o five_o hundred_o young_a gentleman_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n rich_o habit_v nineteenth_o a_o thousand_o man_n five_o hundred_o in_o a_o body_n call_v hiao_n guei_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v footman_n clad_v in_o red_a robe_n embroider_v with_o flower_n and_o star_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n with_o long_a straight_a plume_n of_o feather_n in_o their_o bonnet_n twentiethly_fw-mi a_o open_a chair_n or_o litter_n carry_v by_o thirty_o six_o man_n attend_v by_o another_o close_a litter_n as_o big_a as_o a_o chamber_n and_o carry_v by_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o men._n one_o and_o twentiethly_a two_o vast_a chariot_n each_o of_o they_o draw_v by_o two_o elephant_n two_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi a_o large_a chariot_n draw_v by_o eight_o horse_n and_o another_o lesser_a by_o four_o all_o these_o chariot_n be_v sumptuous_o line_v the_o elephant_n and_o horse_n rich_o caparison_v and_o the_o governor_n and_o coachman_n in_o costly_a livery_n and_o every_o litter_n and_o every_o chariot_n be_v attend_v by_o a_o captain_n with_o fifty_o soldier_n three_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi two_o thousand_o learned_a mandarin_n a_o thousand_o in_o a_o body_n four_o and_o twentiethly_fw-mi two_o thousand_o military_a mandarin_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o gorgeous_o apparel_v in_o their_o ceremony-robe_n and_o these_o last_o bring_v up_o the_o emperor_n train_n and_o conclude_v the_o pomp._n note_n upon_o the_o twenty_o first_o chapter_n and_o upon_o the_o emperor_n be_v seven_o temple_n stand_v in_o the_o two_o city_n z._n five_o temple_n seat_v in_o the_o new_a city_n the_o first_o call_v tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n stand_v as_o our_o author_n say_v two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o south_n gate_n a_o little_a towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o round_a wall_n three_o furlong_n in_o circumference_n the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o plane_n there_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n the_o four_o other_o temple_n be_v build_v altogether_o like_o the_o first_o the_o second_o call_v ti_o tamburlaine_n or_o temple_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n proportionable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o here_o the_o emperor_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o his_o coronation_n the_o three_o be_v about_o two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o north_n gate_n and_o be_v call_v pe_n tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o north_n temple_n of_o heaven_n here_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o summer_n solstice_n the_o four_o be_v about_o two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o east_n gate_n and_o be_v call_v ge_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n where_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n the_o five_o be_v two_o furlong_n distant_a from_o the_o western_a gate_n and_o be_v call_v you_o tamburlaine_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o moon_n where_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n if_o we_o must_v allow_v sixteen_o furlong_n in_o length_n to_o the_o new_a city_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o f._n adam_n these_o two_o temple_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v far_o to_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n of_o two_o furlong_n from_o the_o east_n and_o west_n gate_n 1._o two_o temple_n stand_v on_o the_o old_a city_n the_o first_o call_v ti_fw-mi vam_fw-la miao_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o all_o the_o decease_a king_n this_o be_v a_o spacious_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n in_o the_o chief_a great_a room_n of_o state_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o statue_n of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o china_n good_a and_o bad_a from_o king_n foyes_n hi_o seat_v all_o upon_o throne_n our_o author_n mention_v the_o situation_n of_o it_o say_v no_o more_o than_o only_o this_o that_o it_o stand_v in_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a street_n of_o the_o city_n between_o two_o triumphal_a arch_n which_o be_v mark_v down_o in_o the_o plane_n so_o that_o this_o temple_n must_v not_o be_v place_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o palace_n in_o regard_n that_o space_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o outermost_a court_n and_o first_o apartment_n of_o the_o palace_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o proper_a to_o place_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n in_o regard_n the_o follow_a temple_n be_v place_v there_o nor_o towards_o the_o north_n which_o among_o the_o chinese_n be_v the_o mean_a place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v place_v it_o towards_o the_o east_n in_o the_o street_n which_o be_v next_o the_o east_n gate_n of_o the_o palace_n 2._o the_o second_o temple_n be_v call_v chim_z hoam_v miao_o or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o spirit_n that_o guard_v the_o wall_n i_o have_v place_v it_o according_a to_o our_o author_n within_o side_n and_o near_o to_o the_o wall_n here_o the_o king_n never_o sacrifice_n himself_o but_o only_o the_o mandarin_n a_o a._n the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o learned_a mandarin_n describe_v by_o our_o author_n in_o chap._n 13._o he_o say_v they_o be_v place_v according_a to_o their_o order_n near_o the_o king_n palace_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n so_o many_o spacious_a square_a edifice_n which_o have_v every_o one_o three_o division_n of_o apartment_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v very_o near_o represent_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n place_v the_o first_o near_o the_o inner_a apartment_n of_o the_o palace_n where_o the_o emperor_n himself_o reside_v the_o first_o li_z pu_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o empire_n four_o inferior_a tribunal_n belong_v to_o this_o which_o assemble_v together_o in_o the_o same_o palace_n in_o two_o row_v of_o apartment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middlemost_a be_v appoint_v for_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o other_o five_o where_o the_o middlemost_a be_v still_o the_o supreme_a and_o the_o inferior_a on_o each_o side_n a_o a_o 2._o the_o second_o hu_o pu_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o fourteen_o inferior_a tribunal_n one_o for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o province_n of_o china_n that_o of_o pe_n kim_v have_v no_o particular_a tribunal_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o that_o province_n where_o the_o court_n reside_v a_o a_o 3._o the_o three_o tribunal_n li_n pu_o that_o have_v the_o order_n of_o ceremony_n science_n art_n etc._n etc._n with_o four_o inferior_a tribunal_n a_o a_o 4._o the_o four_o tribunal_n pim_n pu_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o warlike_a arm_n and_o provision_n with_o four_o tribunal_n under_o it_o a_o a_o 5._o the_o five_o tribunal_n he_o pu_fw-fr that_o judge_n without_o appeal_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v in_o the_o empire_n with_o fourteen_o tribunal_n inferior_a to_o it_o a_o a_o 6._o the_o six_o tribunal_n which_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o public_a work_n with_o four_o tribunal_n inferior_a to_o it_o b_o b._n the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o military_a mandarin_n seat_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o royal_a palace_n our_o author_n speak_v nothing_o particular_o either_o of_o their_o situation_n or_o fabric_n but_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o be_v all_o build_v like_o the_o former_a the_o first_o which_o we_o may_v suppose_v to_o stand_v most_o to_o the_o north_n heu_fw-la fu_fw-la or_o the_o rearguard_n the_o second_o tso_n fu_o or_o the_o left_a wing_n the_o three_o you_o fu_o or_o the_o right_a wing_n the_o four_o chum_n fu_o or_o the_o main_a battle_n the_o five_o cien_fw-fr fu_fw-fr or_o the_o vanguard_n neither_o do_v f._n magaillans_n speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o many_o other_o tribunal_n in_o pe_n kim_v of_o which_o he_o give_v the_o description_n but_o most_o certain_o they_o stand_v in_o those_o place_n where_o he_o say_v in_o general_a that_o there_o be_v palace_n and_o tribunal_n in_o such_o street_n as_o in_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n and_o in_o other_o part_n mark_v down_o in_o the_o plane_n we_o have_v nothing_o to_o observe_v upon_o the_o emperor_n pomp_n when_o he_o stir_v abroad_o out_o of_o his_o palace_n but_o only_o this_o that_o the_o description_n of_o father_n adam_n be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o end_n a_o aridgment_n of_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o f._n gabriel_n magaillans_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n missionary_n into_o china_n write_v by_o f._n lewis_n buglio_n his_o inseparable_a companion_n for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n and_o send_v from_o pe_n kim_n in_o the_o year_n 1677._o
twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n in_o regard_n it_o contain_v a_o far_o great_a number_n as_o they_o that_o read_v the_o whole_a will_n easy_o find_v beside_o that_o the_o division_n which_o he_o have_v make_v be_v not_o proportionable_a to_o the_o matter_n there_o be_v some_o of_o those_o excellency_n which_o do_v not_o take_v up_o a_o page_n or_o two_o and_o other_o that_o fill_v up_o above_o thirty_o or_o forty_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a to_o divide_v the_o relation_n into_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n and_o to_o give_v they_o title_n answerable_a to_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v in_o other_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o swerve_v at_o all_o from_o the_o method_n and_o sense_n of_o my_o author_n neither_o have_v i_o make_v the_o least_o alteration_n only_o that_o i_o may_v conform_v to_o the_o style_n and_o genius_n of_o our_o language_n i_o have_v not_o tie_v myself_o so_o strict_o and_o literal_o to_o his_o expression_n and_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v you_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o this_o relation_n have_v never_o appear_v in_o any_o other_o language_n nor_o be_v ever_o print_v before_o and_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v altogether_o new._n i_o also_o observe_v in_o read_v that_o there_o be_v several_a thing_n which_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v sufficient_o explain_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o have_v not_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o china_n and_o that_o the_o description_n of_o pe_n kim_v and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n may_v seem_v obscure_a to_o many_o people_n i_o have_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o remedy_v the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n by_o note_n in_o italic_a which_o i_o have_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n because_o i_o will_v not_o crowd_v the_o margin_n nor_o interrupt_v the_o text_n but_o preserve_v the_o original_a in_o its_o purity_n and_o credit_n and_o leave_v the_o reader_n at_o liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o let_v they_o alone_o for_o remedy_n of_o the_o second_o inconvenience_n i_o have_v make_v a_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o palace_n collect_v together_o with_o great_a care_n what_o the_o author_n have_v speak_v dispersedly_z in_o several_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n mounsieur_fw-fr peyronett_n a_o ingenier_n of_o good_a repute_n draw_v out_o the_o draught_n at_o my_o request_n fair_a upon_o paper_n to_o which_o i_o add_v the_o explanation_n of_o every_o thing_n with_o letter_n which_o relate_v to_o other_o that_o be_v engrave_v upon_o the_o plane_n and_o further_o to_o satisfy_v entire_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o give_v more_o reputation_n to_o the_o book_n i_o have_v add_v the_o life_n of_o father_n magaillans_n who_o be_v the_o author_n which_o i_o be_v the_o rather_o incline_v to_o do_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v but_o very_o short_a and_o modest_o write_v it_o be_v write_v by_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n a_o cicilian_a and_o father_n magaillan_n inseparable_a companion_n from_o the_o year_n 1640_o to_o the_o year_n 1677_o that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o near_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o seven_o year_n together_o father_n buglio_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1682_o in_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o virtue_n and_o learning_n so_o that_o the_o care_n which_o he_o have_v take_v to_o write_v the_o life_n of_o our_o author_n be_v a_o double_a approbation_n of_o his_o work._n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n by_o the_o way_n that_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v the_o portuguese_n orthography_n in_o spell_a the_o name_n of_o our_o author_n for_o the_o portuguese_n write_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n magalhanes_n but_o in_o regard_n few_o people_n in_o france_n can_v so_o pronounce_v it_o i_o alter_v it_o into_o magaillans_n which_o the_o french_a pronounce_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o portuguese_n pronunciation_n of_o magalhanes_n this_o father_n be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n of_o the_o famous_a ferdinand_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o language_n magellan_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o discover_v the_o magellanick_n strait_o in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o southern_a america_n i_o have_v also_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n or_o mandarim_n which_o the_o portuguese_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n cochinchina_n tum_o kim_v and_o china_n as_o well_o for_o that_o all_o the_o other_o relation_n make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o word_n well_o know_v in_o france_n ever_o since_o the_o come_n thither_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o siam_n the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o mandar_fw-la to_o command_v and_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n this_o remark_n oblige_v i_o to_o add_v another_o upon_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o chinese_n word_n and_o letter_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n how_o to_o pronounce_v they_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chinese_n their_o word_n be_v all_o monosyllable_n or_o else_o of_o one_o syllable_n without_o exception_n and_o so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o once_o and_o without_o any_o distinction_n of_o syllable_n of_o what_o number_n of_o consonant_n and_o vowel_n soever_o they_o be_v compose_v for_o example_n kiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a river_n in_o china_n must_v be_v pronounce_v all_o at_o a_o time_n and_o not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v two_o syllable_n kiam_a in_o like_a manner_n the_o word_n lve_v hve_v do_v not_o make_v two_o syllable_n li-ven_a nor_o three_o liuen_a but_o only_o one_o syllable_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v by_o pronounce_v they_o all_o as_o one_o syllable_n yet_o so_o as_o to_o express_v the_o sound_n of_o all_o the_o letter_n not_o but_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v word_n compose_v of_o several_a syllable_n but_o these_o syllable_n be_v always_o separate_v and_o from_o different_a word_n as_o tai_n yven_v the_o name_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o tyrant_n mention_v in_o the_o relation_n thus_o we_o write_v in_o france_n st._n malo_n haure_n the_o grace_n by_o separate_a word_n and_o not_o in_o one_o word_n as_o villeneuf_n montroyal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o st._n malo_n be_v form_v of_o two_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n and_o haure_n the_o grace_n of_o three_o word_n and_o five_o syllable_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n name_n have_v never_o more_o syllable_n than_o word_n thus_o tai_n yven_v be_v compose_v of_o two_o word_n and_o two_o syllable_n and_o cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la of_o three_o word_n and_o three_o syllable_n only_o as_o for_o their_o letter_n though_o there_o be_v as_o many_o chinese_n letter_n as_o there_o be_v chinese_n word_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v express_v by_o mean_n of_o our_o european_a letter_n add_v necessary_a accent_n to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o speak_v as_o be_v explain_v in_o this_o relation_n which_o be_v premise_v you_o shall_v see_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v a_o they_o have_v a_o sound_n in_o their_o language_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o a_o as_o in_o the_o word_n nan_n kim_n b_o they_o have_v no_o sound_n that_o answer_v b_o but_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o they_o make_v use_v of_o p_o thus_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n they_o say_v ham_n pa_n lu_o c_o before_o a_o o_o or_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o ca_o co_n cu_z but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o it_o must_v be_v pronounce_v tze_n tzi_n and_o not_o ce_fw-fr ci._n ch_z must_v be_v pronounce_v as_o tcha_n tche_n tchi_n tcho_n tchu_n d_o be_v not_o pronounce_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o only_a t_o which_o be_v near_a to_o it_o e_z and_o f_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o france_n g_o before_z a_o o_o u_o must_v be_v pronounce_v nga_n ngo_n ngu_n as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o n_o before_o the_o g._n but_o before_o e_z and_o i_o as_o we_o pronounce_v ge_n give_v h_n must_v be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o strong_a aspiration_n of_o the_o throat_n like_o the_o welsh_a ll._n ay_o k_o and_o l_o as_o we_o do_v m_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n must_v be_v pronounce_v open_a and_o soft_o without_o make_v any_o stop_n by_o close_v the_o lip_n otherwise_o they_o pronounce_v it_o as_o we_o do_v n_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o word_n be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v hard_o put_v a_o stress_n upon_o it_o as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n lumen_fw-la otherwise_o as_o we_o do_v p_o as_o in_o france_n q_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n unless_o when_o a_o u_o follow_v and_o then_o it_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o the_o latin_a word_n quam_fw-la r_o be_v never_o pronounce_v by_o the_o chinese_n s_o as_o we_o do_v t_o
a_o new_a history_n of_o china_n contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a particular_n of_o that_o uast_o empire_n write_a by_o gabriel_n magaillans_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n missionary_n apostolic_a do_v out_o of_o french._n london_n print_v for_o thomas_n newborough_n at_o the_o golden_a ball_n in_o s._n paul_n churchyard_n 1688._o the_o preface_n for_o these_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v there_o have_v be_v print_v such_o a_o great_a number_n of_o relation_n of_o china_n that_o they_o who_o have_v read_v they_o will_v perhaps_o believe_v too_o ready_o that_o they_o can_v receive_v no_o new_a information_n from_o this_o however_o my_o confidence_n be_v such_o that_o if_o they_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v it_o they_o will_v hardly_o find_v therein_o any_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v read_v before_o in_o other_o china_n be_v a_o country_n so_o vast_a so_o rich_a so_o fertile_a and_o so_o temperate_a the_o multitude_n of_o the_o people_n so_o infinite_a their_o industry_n in_o manufacture_n and_o their_o policy_n in_o government_n so_o extraordinary_a that_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o ever_o since_o the_o undertake_n of_o long_a voyage_n there_o be_v never_o any_o discovery_n make_v that_o may_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o this_o kingdom_n these_o be_v thing_n know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o so_o there_o need_v not_o much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v to_o make_v the_o learned_a apprehensive_a that_o the_o subject_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o fill_v many_o more_o volume_n than_o yet_o be_v extant_a and_o to_o employ_v the_o most_o able_a and_o judicious_a writer_n to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o among_o all_o the_o great_a number_n of_o relation_n that_o have_v be_v print_v upon_o this_o subject_a there_o be_v few_o that_o merit_v public_a reputation_n or_o that_o have_v be_v write_v with_o a_o design_n to_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a particular_n of_o that_o vast_a empire_n the_o relation_n of_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n in_o all_o other_o place_n where_o he_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o portugal_n affair_n be_v stuff_v with_o fable_n and_o chimera_n which_o he_o have_v invent_v with_o a_o most_o wonderful_a fertility_n of_o imagination_n and_o which_o he_o have_v season_v with_o so_o many_o circumstance_n and_o study_a discourse_n to_o persuade_v and_o prepare_v the_o belief_n of_o his_o reader_n that_o there_o be_v several_a person_n who_o take_v they_o for_o real_a truth_n but_o those_o be_v error_n now_o not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v regard_v see_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n have_v give_v we_o very_o exact_a and_o sincere_a description_n of_o china_n and_o many_o other_o country_n of_o which_o that_o author_n speak_v for_o example_n he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n which_o be_v know_v to_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o smooth_a and_o level_a plain_n be_v situate_v upon_o a_o mountain_n that_o the_o river_n of_o kiam_fw-la which_o run_v through_o it_o and_o be_v call_v barampina_fw-la come_v from_o pe_fw-la kim_n and_o the_o great_a tartary_n that_o china_n contain_v thirty_o two_o kingdom_n that_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v thirty_o large_a league_n in_o compass_n whereas_o it_o be_v not_o above_o four_o in_o circuit_n or_o five_o at_o most_o take_v in_o the_o new_a city_n that_o it_o have_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o gate_n a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o canal_n of_o three_o fathom_v deep_a and_o twelve_o broad_a and_o eighteen_o hundred_o bridge_n of_o freestone_n whereas_o there_o be_v only_o nine_o gate_n and_o one_o small_a river_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o that_o in_o one_o single_a prison_n of_o two_o league_n square_a there_o be_v keep_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o prisoner_n appoint_v still_o for_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n that_o there_o be_v other_o building_n also_o to_o be_v see_v as_o wonderful_a or_o as_o extravagant_a and_o one_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o a_o league_n in_o circuit_n build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pretend_a river_n of_o barampina_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n come_v and_o sit_v down_o before_o pekim_n with_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n seventeen_o thousand_o ship_n and_o fourscore_o thousand_o rhinoceroces_n that_o carry_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o army_n and_o that_o the_o same_o king_n lose_v in_o six_o month_n and_o a_o half_a above_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o men._n i_o can_v give_v a_o account_n of_o several_a other_o of_o his_o fable_n particular_o of_o what_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o two_o pretend_a emperor_n both_o of_o equal_a puissance_n siammon_n and_o calaminban_n the_o first_o of_o which_o have_v in_o his_o empire_n seven_o hundred_o province_n fifty_o thousand_o elephant_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o soldier_n in_o continual_a pay_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o none_o but_o this_o author_n ever_o hear_v of_o but_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o make_v any_o long_o stop_v upon_o these_o fable_n and_o story_n which_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o believe_v more_o especial_o since_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o truth_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o he_o say_v of_o the_o island_n of_o calempluy_fw-fr or_o in_o what_o he_o report_v concern_v the_o language_n name_n manner_n and_o government_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o relation_n of_o f._n gonzalez_n de_fw-fr mendoza_n be_v true_a and_o sincere_a as_o to_o what_o he_o recount_v of_o the_o the_o travel_n of_o martin_n de_fw-fr harrada_n and_o jerome_n marin_n into_o china_n but_o both_o those_o two_o father_n and_o the_o author_n himself_o listen_v with_o too_o much_o credulity_n to_o the_o vaunt_a relation_n which_o the_o chineses_n make_v of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o their_o empire_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v for_o he_o allow_v china_n to_o be_v eighteen_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n though_o all_o the_o world_n know_v that_o it_o lie_v within_o twenty_o two_o or_o twenty_o three_o degeee_n that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o above_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o league_n in_o length_n he_o alter_v and_o change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o know_v they_o again_o he_o make_v the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n as_o big_a as_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n do_v assure_v we_o in_o two_o place_n of_o his_o relation_n that_o a_o man_n mount_v upon_o a_o good_a horse_n and_o ride_v from_o morning_n till_o night_n will_v have_v much_o ado_n to_o cross_v the_o city_n within_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o suburb_n be_v not_o include_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o take_v up_o altogether_o as_o much_o ground_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o the_o chineses_n also_o report_v it_o to_o be_v large_a he_o say_v moreover_o that_o in_o the_o single_a province_n of_o paguia_n which_o must_v certain_o be_v pekim_n there_o be_v two_o million_o five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o soldier_n and_o within_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n five_o million_o eight_o hundred_o forty_o six_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o foot_n and_o nine_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o horse_n pedro_n cubero_n sebastian_n in_o his_o voyage_n of_o the_o world_n print_v at_o naples_n in_o 1682._o say_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o that_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o for_o that_o beside_o that_o he_o often_o mistake_v in_o speak_v of_o the_o most_o know_a country_n of_o europe_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v copy_v what_o he_o speak_v of_o china_n from_o the_o author_n before_o mention_v i_o can_v cite_v several_a other_o relation_n of_o china_n the_o author_n of_o which_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v very_o much_o misinform_v in_o several_a thing_n but_o beside_o that_o such_o a_o rehearsal_n will_v be_v both_o troublesome_a and_o unprofitable_a we_o have_v several_a other_o that_o make_v we_o amends_o for_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o other_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o relation_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o worthy_a of_o credit_n and_o esteem_v be_v those_o of_o father_n trigaut_n the_o annual_a letter_n of_o china_n the_o relation_n of_o father_n semedo_n father_n martini_n and_o the_o modern_a one_o of_o father_n adam_n schall_n father_n greslon_n father_n rouge-mount_n father_n couplet_n r._n p._n of_o orleans_n and_o some_o other_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigauâ—…_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o give_v we_o any_o exact_a information_n of_o china_n but_o in_o regard_v his_o principal_a design_n be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o mission_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n in_o that_o vast_a country_n and_o of_o their_o settlement_n by_o father_n matthew_n ricci_n ricci_n he_o never_o
of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o last_o because_o it_o be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o all_o the_o barbarous_a and_o poor_a kingdom_n that_o surround_v it_o that_o same_o hyperbolical_a word_n also_o tien_n hia_n or_o the_o kingdom_n that_o contain_v all_o that_o be_v under_o heaven_n be_v very_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o when_o they_o say_v tien_n hia_n 〈◊〉_d â—…im_n all_o that_o be_v under_o heaven_n be_v in_o peace_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o say_v china_n be_v in_o peace_n china_n likewise_o have_v other_o name_n which_o i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v because_o they_o be_v less_o in_o practice_n foreigner_n call_v it_o hara_n kitai_n catai_fw-mi cataio_n mangi_n nica_n corum_n chin_n china_n and_o kina_n the_o tartar_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n call_v the_o chinese_n hara_n kitai_n or_o the_o black_a barbarian_n which_o be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v also_o to_o china_n itself_o the_o european_n instead_o of_o hara_n say_n cara_fw-it for_o that_o in_o regard_n the_o tartar_n pronounce_v ha_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a aspiration_n stranger_n believe_v they_o say_v cara_fw-it and_o not_o hara_n for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o marcus_n paulus_n and_o other_o author_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o can_v that_o emperor_n who_o between_o the_o year_n 1260_o and_o 1275._o conquer_v the_o western_a tartary_n and_o all_o china_n instead_o of_o call_v he_o have_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n the_o same_o word_n also_o be_v at_o present_a in_o use_n among_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n who_o be_v master_n of_o china_n and_o who_o be_v former_o so_o barbarous_a that_o they_o have_v not_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o its_o due_a place_n the_o muscovite_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v by_o some_o reside_v in_o this_o court_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v it_o kitai_n the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v mahumetan_n and_o which_o confine_n to_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o tumet_fw-la or_o tibet_n which_o environ_n a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o xansi_fw-la and_o that_o of_o usangue_fw-fr border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o sù_n chuen_n have_v corrupt_v the_o word_n kita_n call_v it_o kataâ—…_n and_o the_o merchant_n that_o come_v from_o indostan_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n call_v it_o cataio_n by_o which_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cataio_n of_o which_o father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andradâ—…_n speak_v in_o his_o relation_n of_o tibet_n where_o he_o have_v be_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o china_n and_o that_o grand_a catai_n be_v no_o other_o then_o grand_a china_n to_o which_o alone_o may_v be_v attribute_v whatever_o have_v be_v say_v of_o china_n so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n seat_v between_o the_o indies_n and_o the_o eastern_a extremity_n of_o asia_n only_o those_o that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v know_v the_o rest_n be_v small_a barbarous_a poor_a and_o untilled_a the_o eastern_a tartar_n moreover_o in_o derision_n call_v china_n nica_n corum_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o barbarian_n though_o at_o present_a now_o they_o be_v settle_v therein_o and_o be_v become_v master_n of_o it_o they_o call_v it_o tulimpa_n corum_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o middle_a the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o indian_n as_o canara_n bengala_n and_o other_o call_v it_o chin_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o province_n of_o sù_n chuen_n by_o two_o jognes_n of_o which_o the_o one_o have_v be_v at_o goa_n and_o have_v learn_v some_o portugal_n word_n and_o as_o i_o understand_v at_o pekim_n by_o some_o merchant_n of_o the_o country_n this_o name_n of_o chin_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v give_v to_o china_n by_o the_o indian_n because_o of_o the_o family_n of_o chin_n who_o reign_v a_o hundred_o sixty_o nine_o year_n after_o christ_n though_o i_o find_v more_o probability_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o family_n of_o cin_n who_o reign_v two_o hundred_o forty_o six_o before_o christ_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o family_n be_v master_n of_o all_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yûn_a nân_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o bengala_n because_o the_o chineses_n pronounce_v strong_o and_o whistle_v the_o word_n cin_n through_o the_o tooth_n the_o indian_n that_o can_v imitate_v they_o pronounce_v it_o chin_n and_o the_o portugal_n who_o take_v this_o word_n from_o the_o indian_n not_o have_v any_o word_n in_o their_o language_n that_o end_v in_o n_o have_v add_v a_o a_o at_o the_o latter_a end._n the_o italian_n write_v china_n like_o the_o portughese_n but_o they_o pronounce_v it_o kâ—…na_n and_o so_o they_o ought_v to_o write_v it_o cina_n to_o give_v it_o the_o same_o sound_n as_o the_o german_n who_o write_v schina_fw-la by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v apparent_o that_o cataio_n hara_n kitai_n and_o china_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o not_o different_a kingdom_n as_o cluverius_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v who_o in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o geography_n chapter_n five_o frame_v several_a kingdom_n as_o catai_n tangut_n tainfu_n and_o other_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_a from_o marcus_n paulus_n whereas_o they_o be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o corrupt_a name_n of_o certain_a city_n of_o china_n and_o this_o be_v particular_o manifest_a by_o the_o word_n tainfu_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o tai_n yuenfu_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la where_o the_o tartar_n settle_v their_o court_n before_o they_o conquer_a the_o province_n of_o pekim_n the_o description_n also_o which_o cluverius_n give_v of_o the_o province_n of_o tainfu_n agree_v perfect_o with_o that_o city_n and_o the_o country_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o for_o there_o be_v the_o best_a grape_n in_o china_n and_o good_a store_n of_o iron_n near_o the_o city_n of_o lû_fw-fr gân_n which_o furnish_v pekim_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n especial_o those_o that_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n with_o nail_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o iron_n utensil_n and_o instrument_n marcus_n paulus_n speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o that_o province_n which_o he_o call_v pianfu_n though_o the_o chineses_n call_v it_o pim_n yà m_fw-la fù_fw-fr cluverius_n have_v also_o borrow_a from_o marcus_n paulus_n the_o corrupt_a word_n cambalu_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o catai_n for_o neither_o the_o western_a nor_o eastern_a tartar_n have_v any_o b._n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n in_o our_o tartarian_a alphabet_n so_o that_o marcus_n paulus_n instead_o of_o cam_n shall_v have_v write_v han_n that_o be_v king_n and_o instead_o of_o balu_n palu_n which_o signify_v court_n and_o consequent_o instead_o of_o cambalu_n hanpalu_n which_o in_o the_o tartarian_a language_n signify_v the_o king_n court._n and_o then_o he_o shall_v have_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v two_o hanpalu_n or_o king_n court_n the_o ancient_a court_n at_o present_a but_o a_o mean_a place_n distant_a about_o three_o league_n from_o pekim_n towards_o the_o east_n which_o be_v call_v tum_o cheum_fw-la and_o the_o new_a court_n which_o be_v pekim_n which_o marcus_n paulus_n call_v taidu_n instead_o of_o tai_n tu_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o great_a court._n some_o author_n question_n whether_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mangi_n of_o which_o m._n paulus_n make_v such_o frequent_a mention_n be_v not_o a_o different_a kingdom_n from_o china_n but_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o it_o be_v comprehend_v within_o it_o for_o m._n paulus_n divide_v china_n into_o two_o kingdom_n catai_n and_o mangi_n comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n all_o the_o nor_o thern_a province_n and_o under_o that_o of_o mangi_n all_o the_o southern_a the_o word_n mangi_n be_v derive_v from_o mânt_n zù_n which_o signify_v barbarous_a for_o that_o the_o southern_a chineses_n to_o mock_v the_o northern_a call_v they_o pe_fw-la tai_fw-la that_o be_v fool_n of_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o to_o pay_v the_o southern_a chineses_n in_o the_o same_o coin_n call_v they_o nân_o mân_o barbarian_n of_o the_o south_n or_o else_o bare_o mantzu_n barbarian_n the_o tartarian_n likewise_o in_o contempt_n of_o the_o chinese_n call_v they_o also_o mantzu_n or_o barbarian_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o tartarian_n especial_o the_o eastern_a can_v well_o pronounce_v the_o syllable_n tzu_fw-fr they_o say_v give_v mangi_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o thousand_o and_o a_o thousand_o time_n for_o three_o and_o twenty_o year_n together_o that_o i_o live_v among_o they_o and_o so_o without_o question_n it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n paulus_n who_o be_v
clock_n in_o the_o morning_n of_o a_o sudden_a there_o come_v a_o deluge_n that_o overflow_v the_o new_a city_n the_o suburb_n and_o the_o plane_n adjoin_v present_o they_o shut_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n and_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o hole_n and_o cleft_n with_o chalk_n and_o bitumen_n mingle_v together_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o new_a city_n be_v overturn_v and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o poor_a creature_n especial_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n and_o house_n of_o pleasure_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o inundation_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o the_o neighbour_a city_n all_o the_o people_n flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o high_a place_n or_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o several_a confound_v with_o their_o fear_n or_o faint_v for_o want_n of_o food_n drop_v down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o miserable_o perish_v in_o other_o province_n their_o happen_v accident_n and_o calamity_n yet_o more_o strange_a occasion_v by_o dreadful_a earthquake_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n to_o punish_v those_o insidel_n for_o the_o persecution_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n never_o be_v â—…en_o the_o like_a consternation_n in_o that_o court_n where_o all_o man_n be_v reduce_v to_o utmost_a despair_n not_o be_v able_a to_o divine_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o deluge_n at_o last_o the_o king_n have_v send_v out_o certain_a people_n upon_o raft_n of_o timber_n for_o they_o have_v no_o boat_n at_o pekim_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n they_o find_v that_o the_o trouble_a river_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v break_v down_o the_o dam_n and_o make_v itself_o a_o new_a channel_n across_o the_o field_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o amaze_a fear_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n the_o same_o fury_n of_o the_o inundation_n carry_v away_o several_a rock_n which_o knock_v against_o the_o pile_n of_o the_o famous_a bridge_n shake_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o break_v down_o two_o of_o the_o arch_n the_o five_o proof_n be_v that_o m._n paulus_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n speak_v of_o that_o great_a river_n which_o the_o tartar_n call_v caramoran_n and_o the_o chinese_n hoâm_n hô_o or_o the_o yellow_a river_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o slimy_a mud_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o make_v the_o water_n to_o look_v of_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o another_o river_n which_o he_o call_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n o_o kiam_fw-la or_o the_o great_a river_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o call_v yam_n cu_z kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea._n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n describe_v the_o city_n which_o he_o call_v kimsai_n and_o which_o erroneous_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o heaven_n though_o the_o word_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o signify_v a_o court_n he_o report_v several_a particular_n concern_v it_o for_o example_n that_o the_o city_n be_v seat_v between_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o a_o great_a river_n and_o that_o round_a about_o the_o lake_n be_v to_o be_v see_v several_a palace_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o divers_a temple_n of_o the_o bonze_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o true_a only_o that_o he_o stretch_v too_o far_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o circuit_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o rather_o a_o poet_n then_o a_o historian_n however_o it_o be_v the_o description_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o city_n and_o palace_n of_o cambalu_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o part_n of_o china_n and_o that_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o mangi_n be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n for_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n be_v entire_o conformable_a to_o what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v yet_o if_o m._n paulus_n have_v understand_v the_o chinese_n language_n as_o he_o say_v he_o understand_v that_o of_o the_o tartar_n he_o have_v with_o more_o exactness_n set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o other_o particular_n which_o he_o report_v concern_v that_o empire_n but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n he_o shall_v so_o often_o corrupt_a the_o name_n since_o we_o ourselves_o who_o upon_o our_o first_o arrival_n apply_v ourselves_o with_o all_o the_o industry_n imaginable_a to_o understand_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n after_o the_o study_n of_o several_a year_n be_v frequent_o deceive_v and_o quite_o mistake_v some_o part_n of_o the_o word_n so_o that_o we_o must_v not_o be_v surprise_v if_o a_o knight_n who_o only_o mind_v his_o military_a design_n and_o to_o court_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi and_o only_o converse_v with_o the_o tartar_n who_o for_o want_v of_o politeness_n be_v the_o great_a corrupter_n of_o word_n above_o other_o nation_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o same_o inconuènience_n for_o he_o have_v corrupt_v name_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o among_o we_o who_o have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o empire_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o meaning_n of_o many_o of_o he_o mistake_v nevertheless_o by_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o his_o relation_n we_o at_o length_n find_v out_o what_o he_o intend_v father_n martin_n martini_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n as_o witty_a and_o ingenious_a as_o he_o be_v can_v not_o exempt_v himself_o from_o commit_v the_o like_a error_n insomuch_o that_o we_o who_o have_v reside_v in_o this_o empire_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o person_n and_o the_o place_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v especial_o in_o the_o name_n that_o ought_v to_o terminate_v in_o m_n and_o which_o he_o always_o end_v in_o ng._n for_o example_n instead_o of_o say_n pekim_n nankim_n chekîam_n yûmlie_o cûmchîm_n he_o always_o write_v peking_n nank_v chekiang_n yeunglie_o cungch_v wherein_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v deceive_v because_o that_o manner_n of_o writing_n do_v no_o way_n correspond_v with_o the_o chinese_n pronunciation_n which_o answer_v to_o that_o of_o our_o m._n and_o not_o of_o ng_z nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o say_v that_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i'm_n open_a with_o a_o soft_a production_n of_o the_o sound_n almost_o like_o ng_z because_o they_o express_v it_o somewhat_o through_o the_o nose_n for_o that_o the_o letter_n m_o whether_o pronunce_v open_a or_o close_o have_v always_o a_o much_o great_a correspondence_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o latin_a pronunciation_n than_o the_o letter_n ng._n so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i_o be_o final_a open_a rather_o like_a in_o or_o en_fw-fr then_o in_o or_o em._n so_o that_o indeed_o this_o reason_n may_v have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n pardonable_a have_v the_o father_n write_v in_o high-dutch_a or_o only_o to_o the_o german_n but_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o europe_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v conform_v to_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o common_a pronunciation_n philip_n cluverius_n in_o his_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o sixty_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n wâ—…re_v the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n or_o the_o king_n of_o china_n he_o also_o with_o good_a reason_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o hyperbole_n which_o m._n polo_n make_v we_o in_o describe_v the_o say_a city_n of_o kimsai_n for_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o difficulty_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o instead_o of_o kimsai_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v write_v kimsu_n the_o master_n court._n for_o that_o kim_n signify_v a_o court_n and_o sum_z a_o master_n the_o court_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n kimsai_n then_o or_o kimsu_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sum_n who_o the_o western_a tartar_n despoil_v of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n polo_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o nankim_n and_o
care_n of_o his_o education_n which_o happen_v according_o that_o this_o child_n become_v a_o man_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a valour_n and_o that_o his_o son_n and_o grand_a child_n rule_v this_o country_n but_o that_o in_o the_o five_o generation_n the_o people_n rebel_v against_o this_o family_n which_o they_o defeat_v and_o exterminate_v all_o but_o one_o who_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n this_o prince_n be_v close_o pursue_v and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o run_v any_o far_a sit_v himself_o down_o upon_o the_o ground_n despair_v to_o save_v his_o life_n at_o what_o time_n a_o magpie_n come_v and_o perch_v upon_o his_o head_n and_o delude_v his_o enemy_n who_o take_v he_o for_o the_o stump_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o not_o for_o a_o man._n and_o thus_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v as_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o thus_o far_o the_o relation_n be_v altogether_o fabulous_a and_o clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o original_a of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v very_o obscure_a and_o have_v nothing_o of_o illustrious_a or_o renown_a that_o which_o follow_v be_v certain_a and_o unquestionable_a in_o regard_v the_o person_n such_o as_o he_o be_v live_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n and_o make_v himself_o sufficient_o know_v by_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o chinese_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n who_o the_o chinese_n mandarin_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v murder_v and_o of_o other_o outrage_n commit_v against_o his_o nation_n father_n adam_n say_v that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o moncheu_o which_o father_n martini_n take_v for_o a_o great_a city_n the_o emperor_n van-liè_a give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o that_o same_o valley_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v defend_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o seven_o small_a principality_n he_o be_v call_v tiel_n mini_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1628._o his_o son_n a_o person_n of_o more_o wisdom_n and_o moderation_n continue_v the_o war_n till_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o cumtè_fw-fr his_o son_n in_o some_o measure_n complete_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o die_v before_o he_o obtain_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1644._o his_o son_n xunchi_fw-la at_o the_o age_n of_o six_o year_n be_v acknowledge_v emperor_n at_o pekim_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1662._o leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n camtri_n the_o monarch_n reign_v at_o present_a this_o catalogue_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n of_o father_n adam_n confirm_v by_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n by_o father_n rouge-mount_n in_o his_o historia_n tartaro-sinica_a and_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o father_n magaillans_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o justify_v himself_o for_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v neither_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n see_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o this_o age_n that_o their_o prince_n have_v derive_v their_o original_a from_o a_o petty_a captain_n of_o a_o hord_n or_o chief_a leader_n of_o banditi_n or_o wander_a tartar_n here_o we_o be_v far_a to_o observe_v that_o tartary_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o northern_a asia_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o chinese_n into_o western_a and_o eastern_a the_o inhabitant_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n night-wanderer_n with_o their_o flock_n and_o herd_n and_o live_v in_o tent_n but_o the_o western_a be_v incomparable_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o eastern_a in_o regard_n they_o possess_v all_o that_o country_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o the_o mogul_n the_o persian_a and_o the_o muscovite_n all_o which_o they_o possess_v entire_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o saint_n lewis_n the_o eastern_a tartary_n reach_v from_o the_o country_n of_o leaotûm_fw-la beyond_o japon_n and_o comprehend_v the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr to_o the_o north_n of_o corea_n the_o province_n of_o niulhan_n to_o the_o north_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr that_o of_o yupi_n to_o the_o east_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr and_o the_o country_n of_o yâ—…co_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o japon_n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o yupi_n but_o these_o country_n be_v poor_a and_o ill_o people_v there_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o little_a city_n in_o they_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v barren_a uncultivated_a and_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o mountain_n verbiest_n nevertheless_o these_o tartar_n be_v not_o a_o little_a formidable_a when_o they_o be_v unite_v as_o be_v harden_v to_o labour_n in_o a_o rigorous_a climate_n and_o almost_o always_o ahorleback_n and_o employ_v in_o hunt_v or_o busy_v in_o war._n they_o make_v themselves_o know_v by_o their_o incursion_n into_o china_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o age_n after_o the_o incarnation_n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n pekim_n xensi_fw-la xansi_fw-la and_o xantum_fw-la but_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reign_v in_o china_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n that_o they_o be_v not_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr where_o as_o have_v be_v say_v there_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o destinct_a sovereign_n and_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o tienâ—…um_n great_a grand_a father_n to_o the_o emperor_n reign_v at_o present_a when_o he_o enter_v into_o china_n have_v not_o above_o eight_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v soon_o increase_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n and_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n which_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o victory_n and_o the_o noise_n of_o prodigious_a booty_n draw_v to_o his_o assistance_n p._n 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v mahometan_n and_o which_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o name_n of_o chahamalaha_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o very_o believe_v in_o any_o map_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o relation_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v by_o what_o our_o author_n say_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o place_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v samahania_n and_o which_o as_o he_o do_v i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n or_o of_o mauralnara_n of_o which_o samarcand_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n for_o that_o we_o know_v not_o of_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o mahometan_n to_o the_o west_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o there_o be_v several_a considerable_a city_n palace_n and_o house_n artificial_o build_v and_o good_a architecture_n store_n of_o gold_n and_o silver-plate_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o chineses_n allow_v the_o country_n of_o samahania_n or_o samahan_n by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n martini_n nor_o must_v we_o be_v surprise_v that_o the_o chineses_n assure_v we_o that_o this_o kingdom_n border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la for_o that_o they_o never_o travel_v towards_o the_o west_n nor_o have_v any_o other_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n situate_v westward_o than_o what_o they_o learn_v from_o the_o information_n of_o the_o caravan_n that_o come_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o trade_n in_o china_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n for_o the_o merchant_n make_v use_v of_o that_o invention_n to_o get_v leave_n to_o enter_v into_o china_n which_o will_v be_v otherwise_o deny_v they_o they_o rendezvous_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o travel_n of_o benedict_n goez_n insert_v into_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigaut_n but_o former_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o tamerlan_n who_o make_v samarcand_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o world_n they_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o that_o city_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o those_o merchant_n to_o give_v themselves_o the_o great_a reputation_n assume_v to_o themselves_o to_o be_v all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samarcand_n and_o that_o the_o chinese_n who_o want_v the_o letter_n r_o and_o easy_o confound_v c._n with_o h_n write_v samahand_o instead_o of_o samarcand_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o the_o chineses_n observe_v the_o merchant_n arrive_v à _fw-la sucheu_fw-la the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o style_v themselves_o all_o native_n of_o samahan_n or_o samarcand_n may_v ready_o believe_v that_o samahan_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la p._n 3._o usanguè_fw-fr this_o must_v certain_o be_v the_o same_o country_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v usucang_v and_o which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v sifan_n situate_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n
time_n have_v no_o power_n to_o to_o constrain_v they_o to_o a_o enterrment_n it_o be_v also_o lawful_a when_o a_o person_n die_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o his_o own_o house_n to_o transport_v his_o body_n from_o one_o city_n or_o province_n to_o another_o as_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o rich_a sort_n and_o the_o mandarin_n to_o do_v provide_v nevertheless_o that_o they_o do_v not_o bring_v their_o dead_a body_n through_o the_o city_n but_o round_o about_o by_o the_o wall_n these_o coffin_n which_o be_v general_o of_o some_o sort_n of_o precious_a wood_n cost_v many_o time_n two_o hundred_o and_o sometime_o above_o a_o thousand_o crown_n and_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v so_o obsequious_a as_o to_o cause_v these_o cousin_n to_o be_v carry_v for_o several_a day_n and_o sometime_o for_o a_o whole_a month_n journey_n together_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a expense_n to_o lay_v they_o in_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o indeed_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o their_o grandee_n be_v very_o magnificent_a structure_n and_o certain_o deserve_v â—…oth_o to_o be_v see_v and_o admire_v for_o they_o be_v very_o fair_a and_o large_a house_n all_o vault_a erect_v upon_o a_o mountain_n or_o plain_n wherein_o they_o also_o present_o put_v the_o coffin_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o as_o much_o earth_n as_o will_v make_v a_o little_a hillock_n which_o they_o adorn_v and_o plant_v in_o wonderful_a order_n and_o symmetry_n with_o tree_n of_o several_a sort_n before_o the_o hillock_n they_o erect_v a_o large_a altar_n of_o white_a polish_v marble_n upon_o which_o they_o place_v a_o great_a candlestick_n of_o marble_n steel_n or_o tin_n and_o upon_o each_o side_n another_o candlestick_n of_o the_o same_o material_n then_o upon_o each_o side_n and_o in_o several_a file_n you_o shall_v see_v range_v in_o very_o good_a order_n a_o great_a number_n of_o figure_n of_o mandarin_n gentleman_n page_n eunuchs_z lion_n horse_n saddele_v camel_n tortoise_n and_o other_o creature_n who_o action_n and_o movement_n be_v represent_v with_o that_o lively_a briskness_n that_o you_o will_v think_v they_o alive_a indeed_o the_o chineses_n be_v very_o happy_a in_o their_o manner_n of_o express_v in_o dead_a sculpture_n the_o most_o lively_a passion_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o joy_n fear_v anger_n melancholy_n and_o the_o like_a they_o reckon_v three_o thousand_o thirty_o six_o man_n famous_a and_o renown_a for_o their_o virtue_n their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o prowess_n their_o loyalty_n towards_o their_o prince_n their_o obedience_n towards_o their_o parent_n or_o for_o some_o good_a work_n or_o action_n perform_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o country_n they_o also_o reckon_v two_o hundred_o and_o eight_o virgin_n and_o widow_n who_o for_o their_o chastity_n their_o courage_n and_o heroic_a action_n be_v think_v worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n and_o be_v celebrate_v in_o their_o story_n and_o poesy_n as_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n with_o title_n inscription_n temple_n and_o triumphal_a arch_n last_o there_o be_v in_o china_n thirty_o two_o prince_n or_o petty_a king_n palace_n much_o less_o than_o the_o emperor_n but_o which_o resemble_v those_o in_o form_n and_o in_o the_o disposal_n and_o contrivance_n of_o the_o hall_n chamber_n garden_n and_o all_o other_o part_n according_a to_o the_o model_n of_o that_o palace_n where_o the_o emperor_n keep_v his_o residence_n note_n upon_o the_o second_o chapter_n a._n p._n 32._o in_o the_o portuguese_n original_a just_a against_o this_o part_n the_o author_n have_v set_v down_o these_o word_n in_o the_o margin_n a_o ly_n contain_v a_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n a_o pace_n six_o cubit_n a_o cubit_n the_o length_n of_o this_o margin_n a_o ly_n be_v a_o chinese_n furlong_n a_o cubit_n be_v a_o chinese_n foot._n i_o measure_v likewise_o exact_o the_o length_n of_o the_o margin_n in_o the_o original_a which_o as_o the_o author_n say_v be_v equal_a to_o a_o chinese_n cubit_n and_o find_v that_o it_o be_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o paris_n as_o seven_o to_o eight_o that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o foot_n of_o paris_n exceed_v the_o chinese_n cubit_n a_o seven_o part_n of_o that_o cubit_n but_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v very_o requisite_a to_o know_v the_o proportion_n of_o these_o measure_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o in_o geography_n all_o itinerary_a measure_n be_v â—…o_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o have_v be_v great_a labour_n and_o industry_n employ_v in_o all_o age_n and_o among_o all_o the_o more_o eminent_a nation_n to_o determine_v the_o measure_n of_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n but_o with_o so_o little_a success_n and_o so_o much_o uncertainty_n that_o you_o shall_v hardly_o meet_v with_o two_o geographer_n that_o agree_v in_o this_o particular_a as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o their_o work_n and_o more_o especial_o in_o the_o reform_a geography_n of_o father_n riccioli_n a_o jesuit_n who_o have_v make_v a_o large_a collection_n of_o those_o variety_n of_o opinion_n opinion_n â—…would_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o dive_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o both_o their_o error_n or_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n to_o determine_v precise_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o degree_n let_v it_o suffice_v therefore_o to_o say_v that_o at_o length_n the_o royal_a society_n of_o science_n at_o paris_n compose_v of_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o most_o ingenious_a astronomer_n and_o geometrician_n of_o europe_n have_v bring_v this_o difficult_a undertake_n to_o perfection_n with_o so_o much_o caution_n care_n and_o exactness_n that_o we_o can_v believe_v that_o future_a age_n will_v be_v able_a to_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o their_o invention_n here_o then_o be_v the_o proportion_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o several_a country_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n fathom_n of_o paris_n 57060_o pace_n of_o bolognia_n in_o italy_n 58481_o perch_n of_o rhine_n of_o 12_o foot_n to_o each_o 29556_o parisian_a league_n of_o 2000_o fathom_n 28¼_n middle_a league_n of_o france_n of_o about_o 2282_o fathom_n 25_o sea_n league_n or_o a_o hour_n be_v run_v 20_o english_a miles_n 5000_o foot_n to_o each_o 73_o 1_o 200_o mile_n of_o florence_n of_o 3000_o fathom_n 63_o 1_o 10_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n fathom_n of_o paris_n 2054_o 1600_o league_n of_o 25_o to_o a_o degree_n 9000_o sea_n league_n 7200_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n fathom_n of_o paris_n 6538594_o league_n 25_o to_o a_o degree_n 2864â—…_n sea_n league_n 2291_o 59_o 71_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o degree_n 57660_o fathom_n of_o a_o minute_n 951_o fathom_n of_o a_o second_o 61_o fathom_n suppose_v the_o foot_n of_o paris_n of_o 1440_o part_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o rhine_n or_o leyden_n have_v 1390_o the_o foot_n of_o london_n 1350_o the_o foot_n of_o boloyne_n 1686_o the_o fathom_n of_o florence_n 2â—…80_n value_n of_o a_o degree_n 57060_o fathom_n of_o a_o minute_n 951_o of_o a_o second_o 16_o fathom_n by_o these_o measure_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o a_o degree_n contain_v so_o many_o foot_n of_o france_n or_o spain_n or_o so_o many_o italian_a or_o german_a mile_n if_o you_o do_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n tell_v the_o number_n of_o fathom_n and_o foot_n which_o those_o mile_n and_o league_n contain_v and_o the_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o say_a fathom_n and_o foot_n this_o be_v grant_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o itinerary_a measure_n have_v be_v so_o uncertain_a in_o europe_n till_o now_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v much_o morâ—…_n uncertain_a in_o china_n more_o especial_o consider_v that_o the_o chineses_n be_v very_o ignorant_a in_o geometry_n and_o very_o little_a skill_a in_o astronomy_n and_o for_o that_o the_o missionary_n can_v hardly_o find_v time_n and_o requisite_a convenience_n to_o measure_v a_o degree_n and_o examine_v the_o proportion_n between_o the_o measure_n of_o china_n and_o those_o of_o europe_n however_o they_o have_v already_o rectify_v the_o map_n of_o this_o great_a kingdom_n very_o much_o by_o several_a observation_n and_o illustrate_v many_o thing_n but_o still_o they_o be_v frequent_o oblige_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o chinese_n author_n â—…s_n father_n magaillans_n acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n because_o the_o bigness_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o cubit_n and_o furlong_n with_o the_o measure_n of_o europe_n be_v still_o unknown_a father_n riccioli_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o father_n martini_n believe_v the_o chinese_n cubit_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a foot_n of_o vilalpandus_n but_o i_o find_v by_o the_o measure_n mark_v down_o by_o father_n magaillans_n that_o it_o be_v lesâ—…_n by_o about_o a_o seventeen_o part_n the_o father_n massei_n trigaut_n and_o
city_n in_o other_o place_n along_o by_o the_o wall_n it_o cross_v one_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pe-kim_n afterward_o all_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la and_o after_o it_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_v discharge_v itself_o into_o that_o great_a and_o rapid_a river_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v the_o yellow_a river_n upon_o this_o river_n you_o sail_v for_o about_o two_o day_n and_o then_o you_o come_v into_o another_o where_o you_o sail_v about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o musket_n shoot_v at_o what_o time_n you_o meet_v with_o a_o canal_n which_o the_o chineses_n open_v upon_o the_o southside_n of_o this_o last_o river_n and_o which_o run_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o hoai_n ngan_v afterward_o this_o canal_n run_v through_o many_o city_n and_o town_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o yam_n cheu_o the_o most_o famous_a seaport_n town_n of_o all_o in_o the_o empire_n soon_o after_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la a_o good_a day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n certain_o this_o be_v a_o undertake_n and_o performance_n very_o great_a and_o magnificent_a nor_o be_v the_o building_n of_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o royal_a inn_n much_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o the_o raise_n of_o several_a thousand_o fortress_n and_o the_o wall_n five_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n which_o environ_v china_n be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n a._n p._n 114._o it_o be_v now_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o since_o the_o western_a tartar_n conquer_v etc._n etc._n chingis_fw-la can_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o large_a that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o his_o son_n octay_v can_v about_o the_o year_n 1220._o begin_v the_o conquest_n of_o north_n china_n set_v upon_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o have_v be_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o year_n 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foreign_a language_n change_v letter_n and_o add_v vowel_n to_o facilitate_v pronunciation_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o the_o word_n of_o their_o language_n be_v monosyllable_n thus_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o manuscript_n discourse_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o perform_v divine_a service_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n which_o high_o deserve_v to_o be_v print_v that_o the_o chineses_n instead_o of_o crux_fw-la pronounce_v cuckoe_n lu_o câ—…_n instead_o of_o pronounce_v beatus_fw-la they_o say_v pe_n jâ—…_n sum_o sâ—…_n for_o baptizo_fw-la they_o cry_z pa_z pe_z ti_fw-mi so_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o bartholmeus_n pa_n ulh_v to_o lo_o meusu_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o they_o may_v have_v say_v ho_o pie_n lie_n instead_o of_o cublay_n or_o cobila_n change_v the_o c_o into_o h_n and_o the_o b_o into_o p_o so_o read_v hopili_n instead_o of_o cobili_fw-la and_o add_v e_o to_o facilitate_v the_o pronunciation_n this_o prince_n xi_o su_n or_o cubluy_fw-fr can_n it_o be_v that_o cause_v the_o grand_a canal_n to_o be_v make_v which_o the_o author_n describe_v with_o his_o usual_a exactness_n and_o which_o be_v without_o question_n one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o admirable_a undertake_n in_o the_o universe_n only_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n we_o will_v fain_o know_v whether_o these_o sluice_n be_v make_v like_o those_o in_o france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o they_o be_v make_v of_o two_o gate_n at_o a_o distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o between_o which_o the_o water_n rise_v for_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n and_o that_o of_o f._n trigant_n the_o chinese_n sluice_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o only_a a_o bâ—…re_a gate_n make_v fast_o with_o piece_n of_o wood_n let_v fall_v perpendicular_o till_o the_o overture_n be_v whole_o stop_v up_o the_o water_n be_v swell_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o draw_v up_o these_o piece_n of_o wood_n one_o after_o another_o and_o then_o cause_v the_o vessel_n to_o ascend_v or_o fall_v which_o sometime_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o sail_v for_o want_v of_o water_n in_o the_o canal_n if_o iâ—…_n be_v not_o retain_v and_o stop_v by_o this_o invention_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o convenient_a as_o a_o sluice_n with_o two_o gate_n and_o a_o hutch_n between_o both_o thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n report_v that_o the_o sluice_n in_o china_n be_v not_o open_v but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o voyage_n however_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a that_o a_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n go_v from_o one_o end_n of_o china_n to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o six_o hundred_o league_n unless_o it_o be_v one_o journey_n only_o by_o land_n between_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o kiamsi_n or_o between_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n hium_n and_o nan_n begin_v where_o you_o embark_v again_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o can._n upon_o which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n make_v a_o considerable_a mistake_n in_o confound_v the_o river_n can_v with_o the_o great_a river_n kiam_fw-la which_o come_v from_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n and_o touch_v only_o the_o northern_a extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n whereas_o the_o river_n can_v divide_v it_o in_o two_o run_v through_o it_o from_o south_n to_o north._n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o magnificence_n and_o great_a number_n of_o public_a work_n in_o china_n be_v not_o only_o the_o effect_n of_o vast_a charge_n and_o expense_n but_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a industry_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o do_v all_o manner_n of_o mechanic_n work_v with_o a_o far_o less_o number_n of_o tool_n and_o with_o more_o ease_n than_o we_o do_v for_o as_o in_o this_o country_n here_o be_v not_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v waste_v so_o there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n or_o woman_n young_a or_o old_a lame_a deaf_a or_o blind_a that_o have_v not_o a_o way_n to_o get_v a_o livelihood_n or_o that_o have_v not_o some_o trade_n or_o employment_n the_o chineses_n have_v a_o common_a proverb_n chumm_n qune_fw-fr uù_fw-fr y_fw-fr vo_z in_o china_n there_o be_v nothing_o throw_v away_o how_o vile_a and_o useless_a a_o thing_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v it_o have_v its_o use_n and_o may_v turn_v to_o profit_n for_o example_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n only_o there_o be_v above_o a_o thousand_o family_n who_o have_v no_o other_o trade_n to_o subsist_v on_o but_o only_o by_o sell_v of_o match_n for_o tinderbox_n and_o week_n for_o candle_n there_o be_v also_o as_o many_o that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o live_v upon_o but_o by_o pick_v up_o in_o the_o street_n and_o among_o the_o sweep_n of_o house_n rag_n of_o silk_n cotton_n and_o linnen-cloth_n piece_n of_o paper_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o wash_v &_o make_v clean_a and_o then_o sell_v to_o other_o that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o several_a trade_n their_o invention_n also_o for_o the_o carry_v of_o burden_n be_v very_o curious_a for_o they_o do_v not_o carry_v their_o burden_n by_o main_a strength_n as_o we_o do_v but_o by_o policy_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o fasten_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v to_o carry_v either_o with_o cord_n or_o hook_n or_o put_v they_o in_o basket_n or_o hamper_n and_o hang_v they_o afterward_o at_o both_o end_n of_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o wood_n make_v on_o purpose_n which_o they_o take_v up_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n equal_o poise_v so_o that_o the_o burden_n weigh_v as_o much_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o on_o the_o other_o which_o invention_n be_v a_o very_a great_a convenience_n it_o be_v most_o
jurisdiction_n he_o take_v care_n to_o solicit_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n and_o city_n to_o make_v quick_a payment_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o that_o take_v no_o less_o care_n of_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n coast_n in_o their_o quarter_n they_o that_o look_v after_o the_o river_n be_v call_v honorio_n tao_o and_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n hâ—…_n tao_o all_o these_o mandarin_n belong_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n call_v co_n tao_o of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n whether_o capital_a or_o no_o have_v a_o tribunal_n where_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n or_o territory_n preside_v who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o four_o order_n and_o be_v call_v chi_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o have_v three_o assessor_n the_o first_o call_v tum_o chi_fw-mi the_o second_o tum_o puâ—…n_n and_o the_o three_o chui_fw-fr quen_n who_o be_v of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n they_o be_v also_o call_v second_o three_o and_o four_o lord_n of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o chair_n or_o of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o city_n in_o regard_n the_o precedent_n be_v call_v the_o first_o lord_n the_o first_o chair_n and_o the_o first_o city_n there_o be_v four_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v kim_n lie_v chu_o sum_o chaos_n mo_z and_o kim_n kâ—…ao_o which_o be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n the_o employment_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o pe_n kim_n all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v provide_v with_o such_o mandarin_n as_o these_o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n or_o that_o the_o territory_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o number_n of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v double_v the_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n call_v cheu_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o capital_n only_o as_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o have_v city_n which_o depend_v upon_o they_o those_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o order_n whether_o they_o have_v city_n depend_v upon_o they_o or_o no._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o city_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi cheu_o he_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v cheu_n â—…um_fw-la and_o the_o second_o cheu_n poon_n who_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o six_o and_o second_o order_n he_o have_v under_o he_o also_o a_o three_o mandarin_n call_v lâ—…_n mo_z of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o people_n call_v this_o governor_n tai_n you_o or_o the_o great_a or_o first_o lord_n the_o other_o three_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o lord_n their_o employment_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v a_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o precedent_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_fw-fr and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o seven_o order_n he_o have_v also_o two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v hien_n chim_z of_o the_o eight_o order_n and_o the_o second_o who_o be_v of_o the_o nine_o be_v call_v chu_n pu_fw-fr he_o have_v also_o a_o three_o under_o he_o who_o be_v call_v tien_n sum_o who_o be_v of_o no_o order_n but_o if_o he_o acquit_v himself_o well_o of_o his_o employment_n for_o three_o year_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n give_v he_o a_o certificate_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o superior_a city_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o city_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o capital_a the_o last_o governor_n certify_v to_o the_o two_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n and_o they_o to_o the_o viceroy_n the_o viceroy_n write_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o they_o to_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n who_o inform_v the_o king_n and_o by_o he_o general_o he_o be_v make_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n this_o be_v the_o road_n which_o the_o mandarin_n observe_v for_o their_o promotion_n to_o new_a dignity_n but_o this_o good_a fortune_n never_o befall_v they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o purchase_v it_o by_o present_n proportionable_a to_o what_o they_o may_v squeeze_v out_o of_o their_o employment_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o trade_n be_v drive_v as_o open_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o establish_a law_n among_o they_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o justice_n and_o employment_n be_v sell_v as_o at_o a_o outry_n all_o over_o the_o empire_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o court_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o the_o king_n who_o can_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o mind_v the_o public_a good_a all_o the_o rest_n regard_v nothing_o but_o their_o private_a interest_n and_o of_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v i_o will_v bring_v you_o one_o example_n of_o which_o i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n there_o be_v a_o young_a gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v simon_n a_o very_a good_a christian_n who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n by_o a_o particular_a favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n show_v he_o in_o regard_n his_o father_n viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o â—…n_n si_fw-la be_v slay_v fight_v against_o a_o army_n of_o robber_n that_o have_v raise_v a_o rebellion_n in_o the_o province_n the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o employment_n be_v expire_v he_o be_v advance_v to_o be_v mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o employment_n he_o repair_v to_o court_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o another_o city_n yet_o more_o considerable_a for_o the_o recompense_n of_o his_o service_n due_o perform_v the_o king_n refer_v his_o petition_n to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d present_o letter_n be_v send_v he_o from_o that_o tribunal_n to_o leâ—…_n he_o know_v that_o if_o he_o will_v deposit_v in_o a_o three_o hand_n fourteen_o vâ—…n_n of_o silver_n which_o amount_v to_o about_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n they_o will_v give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o â—…un_n â—…m_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a people_v the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o trade_n and_o the_o rich_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o which_o this_o virtuous_a christian_a return_v for_o answer_n that_o if_o he_o have_v such_o a_o sum_n by_o he_o nay_o though_o it_o be_v far_o less_o he_o will_v never_o go_v about_o to_o move_v for_o any_o more_o employment_n in_o regard_n a_o small_a sum_n than_o that_o will_v suffice_v he_o to_o live_v at_o his_o ease_n nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o take_v up_o so_o large_a a_o sum_n at_o great_a interest_n as_o other_o do_v by_o which_o they_o be_v force_v for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o creditor_n and_o to_o glut_v their_o insatiate_a avarice_n to_o turn_v real_a tyrant_n and_o greedy_a wolf_n that_o devour_v the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o miserable_a people_n wherever_o they_o come_v which_o they_o be_v otherwise_o bind_v to_o protect_v and_o defend_v so_o that_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o that_o employment_n to_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o purchase_v it_o but_o that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o what_o sell_v to_o his_o â—…t_n now_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o write_v as_o many_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o there_o be_v mandarin_n that_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o little_a thin_a board_n which_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o vessel_n and_o every_o one_o be_v governor_n of_o that_o city_n of_o which_o he_o draw_v the_o name_n nevertheless_o when_o a_o man_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o tribunal_n the_o tablet_n be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o person_n draw_v the_o city_n which_o he_o desire_v however_o this_o artifice_n fail_v a_o mandarin_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o who_o have_v give_v a_o good_a sum_n to_o a_o prothonotary_n who_o have_v promise_v he_o the_o ready_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a for_o he_o draw_v a_o miserable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quei_z cheu_o the_o most_o remote_a and_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n thereupon_o the_o wretched_a and_o unfortunate_a mandarin_n quite_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n at_o his_o ill_a success_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o tribunal_n or_o the_o presence_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o mandarin_n rise_v up_o all_o in_o a_o rage_n for_o they_o draw_v upon_o their_o knee_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o be_v undo_v and_o throw_v off_o
towards_o the_o street_n with_o little_a house_n on_o both_o side_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o apartment_n then_o you_o enter_v into_o a_o fine_a court_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o stand_v another_o gate_n and_o there_o be_v the_o second_o apartment_n behind_o that_o lie_v a_o more_o spacious_a court_n join_v to_o a_o great_a hall_n appoint_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o stranger_n behind_o that_o lie_v a_o three_o court_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v a_o four_o apartment_n where_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n reside_v behind_o which_o lie_v a_o five_o court_n and_o a_o five_o apartment_n where_o the_o master_n lay_v his_o jewel_n his_o most_o costly_a furniture_n and_o his_o lumber_n beyond_o there_o be_v a_o garden_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o a_o six_o apartment_n with_o a_o little_a door_n in_o the_o middle_a which_o be_v never_o open_v but_o upon_o occasion_n or_o necessity_n upon_o the_o east_n and_o west_n side_n of_o these_o court_n be_v building_n of_o mean_a value_n which_o serve_v for_o cellar_n larder_n storehouse_n and_o other_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n only_o in_o the_o court_n adjoin_v to_o the_o great_a gate_n live_v the_o domestic_a servant_n with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n thus_o the_o house_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o wealthy_a person_n be_v usual_o contrive_v but_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n take_v up_o more_o ground_n and_o have_v more_o room_n large_a and_o high_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n all_o thing_n be_v so_o well_o regulate_v in_o china_n that_o neither_o the_o mandarin_n nor_o great_a lord_n can_v build_v their_o house_n but_o conformable_a to_o what_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o law._n note_n upon_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n this_o chapter_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o curious_a because_o it_o contain_v a_o very_a large_a description_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o china_n and_o the_o spacious_a palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n all_o the_o other_o relation_n without_o exception_n speak_v very_o little_a of_o it_o and_o general_o that_o very_o confuse_o too_o but_o that_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v wonder_v at_o for_o the_o ambassador_n live_v always_o retire_v in_o the_o palace_n appoint_v for_o their_o reception_n and_o as_o for_o the_o missionary_n they_o never_o see_v pe_n kim_v unless_o it_o be_v only_o pass_v through_o it_o or_o when_o they_o be_v carry_v prisoner_n thither_o in_o the_o last_o persecution_n so_o that_o unless_o it_o be_v father_n adam_n father_n ferdinand_n verbrest_n and_o f._n magaillans_n there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v instruct_v we_o perfect_o of_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a city_n and_o indeed_o the_o latter_a be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o have_v give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o it_o after_o a_o residence_n in_o those_o part_n of_o near_o five_o and_o twenty_o year_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o reader_n better_a satisfaction_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o a_o more_o distinct_a idea_n of_o the_o place_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o the_o description_n a_o ground-plot_n or_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n which_o i_o have_v draw_v out_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n and_o pain_n not_o put_v in_o any_o thing_n for_o which_o i_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a warrant_n from_o the_o relation_n of_o our_o author_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o this_o translation_n and_o the_o follow_a note_n you_o will_v find_v also_o thaâ—…_n though_o this_o description_n be_v very_o curious_a yet_o it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o perfect_a have_v it_o have_v a_o more_o exact_a draught_n of_o the_o city_n and_o emperor_n palace_n in_o general_n and_o more_o draught_n and_o particular_a design_n of_o several_a palace_n as_o wâ—…ll_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o also_o of_o the_o temple_n triumphal_a arch_n and_o bridge_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o may_v be_v well_o cement_n with_o this_o relation_n till_o the_o 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v go_v to_o china_n by_o the_o king_n command_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o send_v we_o something_o more_o complete_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v not_o mark_v down_o above_o seventy_o street_n for_o that_o they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o form_n and_o situation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v we_o a_o idea_n of_o this_o spacious_a city_n beside_o that_o the_o relation_n do_v not_o ascertain_v the_o number_n and_o for_o that_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o draught_n will_v not_o allow_v we_o to_o set_v down_o any_o more_o every_o side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v twelve_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o length_n etc._n etc._n 265._o father_n martini_n allow_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n no_o more_o than_o the_o compass_n of_o forty_o chinese_n furlong_n but_o we_o be_v rather_o to_o believe_v father_n magaillans_n who_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o be_v better_o inform_v and_o make_v they_o forty_o eight_o furlong_n in_o circuit_n father_n martini_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o the_o wall_n be_v build_v by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o emperor_n tai_n sungus_fw-la the_o three_o of_o the_o family_n of_o tai_n mim_fw-mi who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1404._o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n call_v this_o emperor_n chim_z sum_z or_o yum_n io_n and_o say_v moreover_o that_o he_o do_v not_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n from_o nam_n kim_n to_o pe_n kim_v till_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o year_n 1411._o it_o have_v nine_o gate_n and_o not_o twelve_o as_o father_n martini_n tell_v we_o 265._o what_o our_o author_n say_v here_o concern_v the_o number_n of_o the_o gate_n be_v confirm_v by_o peter_n semedo_n father_n adam_n schall_n and_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronoloâ—…_n who_o all_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v but_o nine_o gate_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_v they_o build_v a_o new_a square_a city_n of_o which_o every_o side_n be_v six_o chinese_n furlong_n 265._o etc._n etc._n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n and_o every_o gate_n open_v into_o a_o suburb_n etc._n etc._n here_o i_o meet_v with_o three_o difficulty_n that_o very_o much_o puzzle_v i_o the_o first_o as_o to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o new_a city_n the_o second_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o gate_n and_o the_o three_o as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o two_o city_n father_n magaillans_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n be_v square_a and_o that_o each_o side_n be_v six_o furlong_n in_o length_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o new_a city_n will_v be_v twenty_o four_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o circumference_n and_o the_o ground-plot_n will_v be_v but_o a_o four_o part_n in_o proportion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o other_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v not_o take_v up_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o the_o old_a city_n do_v which_o to_o i_o seem_v too_o small_a for_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o because_o that_o father_n adam_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n the_o tartar_n reserve_v the_o old_a city_n for_o themselves_o and_o constrain_v all_o the_o chineses_n to_o retire_v into_o the_o neâ—…_n which_o be_v so_o small_a can_v never_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v they_o 〈◊〉_d â—…h_v the_o rather_o because_o he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v in_o good_a paâ—…_n inhabit_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n second_o because_o the_o same_o father_n positive_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—…er_n by_o â—…ur_fw-fr furlong_n than_o the_o old_a one_o but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d â—…he_fw-mi north_n to_o the_o south_n it_o be_v not_o above_o half_a 〈◊〉_d â—…ad_v as_o the_o 〈◊〉_d city_n 〈◊〉_d so_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o new_a city_n can_v not_o be_v above_o 〈◊〉_d furlong_n broad_a as_o f._n magaillans_n relate_v but_o it_o will_v be_v sixteen_o furlong_n in_o length_n and_o forty_o four_o in_o circumference_n now_o father_n adam_n be_v a_o testimony_n of_o great_a authority_n as_o well_o as_o 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n and_o therefore_o to_o reconcile_v they_o both_o together_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n conclude_v that_o f._n magaillans_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o new_a city_n or_o the_o side_n that_o look_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o west_n which_o be_v not_o full_a out_o six_o furlong_n in_o length_n nevertheless_o until_o we_o have_v better_a information_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o behoove_v we_o to_o reject_v the_o description_n of_o f._n magaillans_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o draught_n i_o have_v make_v the_o new_a city_n perfect_o square_a leave_v to_o every_o man_n his_o liberty_n to_o adhere_v to_o which_o opinion_n he_o please_v according_a to_o these_o measure_v the_o circuit_n of_o the_o ancient_a
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pe_n kim_v of_o twelve_o furlong_n to_o the_o league_n of_o twenty_o league_n to_o the_o degree_n â—…_n and_o not_o twelve_o and_o a_o 〈◊〉_d as_o we_o have_v already_o agree_v it_o will_v amount_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d league_n or_o forty_o eight_o furlong_n and_o the_o ground_n 〈◊〉_d will_v 〈◊〉_d up_o a_o hundred_o forty_o four_o furlong_n and_o the_o new_a city_n according_a to_o f._n magaillans_n will_v â—…ke_v up_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o old_a one_o or_o thirty_o six_o square_a furlong_n and_o both_o together_o a_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o square_a furlong_n according_a to_o father_n adam_n the_o new_a city_n will_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d furlong_n in_o circuit_n the_o ground-plâ—…t_a fourscore_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d furlong_n and_o both_o together_o a_o hundred_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d furlong_n square_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o holland_n embassy_n make_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o both_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_v to_o be_v five_o league_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o a_o degree_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o computaâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n who_o allow_v the_o circuit_n of_o both_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o 〈◊〉_d adam_n 〈◊〉_d be_v sixty_o eight_o furlong_n in_o circumfeâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d league_n and_o two_o three_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o â—…pare_v pe_n kim_v with_o some_o other_o city_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d both_o city_n take_v together_o be_v much_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o kiâ—…m_n nan_o though_o according_a to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o trigaut_n they_o be_v much_o better_a 〈◊〉_d semedo_n and_o trigaut_n make_v nan_n kim_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o amount_v to_o seâ—…ty_n two_o furlong_n and_o make_v a_o area_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o furlong_n square_a so_o that_o the_o two_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o father_n adam_n not_o contain_v above_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o furlong_n by_o consequence_n take_v up_o not_o above_o three_o fourth_n of_o the_o ground_n enclose_v within_o the_o first_o circuit_n of_o nan_n kim_n for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o second_o which_o by_o the_o report_n of_o author_n do_v not_o form_v a_o entire_a enclosure_n but_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o entrenchment_n to_o secure_v the_o city_n where_o the_o avenue_n be_v most_o easy_a of_o access_n the_o second_o difficulty_n be_v about_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o seven_o gate_n which_o our_o author_n give_v the_o new_a city_n the_o author_n of_o the_o holland_n embassy_n say_v that_o when_o you_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o south_n gate_n you_o be_v half_o a_o hour_n before_o you_o come_v to_o the_o second_o enclosure_n of_o the_o city_n that_o be_v to_o the_o south_n wall_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n which_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n in_o cross_v the_o new_a city_n agree_v with_o the_o breadth_n which_o f_o adam_n and_o f._n magaillans_n allow_v it_o he_o go_v on_o and_o say_v that_o the_o second_o enclosure_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o broad_a mâ—…e_n full_a of_o river_n water_n which_o circumstance_n shâ—…ws_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n have_v no_o other_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n side_n thâ—…_n that_o of_o the_o old_a city_n from_o which_o it_o be_v only_o separate_v by_o a_o mote_n so_o that_o all_o the_o relation_n make_v 〈◊〉_d but_o of_o 〈◊〉_d enclosure_n which_o you_o be_v to_o cross_v before_o you_o câ—…me_v to_o the_o palace_n whence_o that_o it_o seem_v the_o 〈◊〉_d gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n ought_v to_o joyâ—…_n to_o the_o new_a city_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v difficult_a to_o apprehend_v consider_v the_o length_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n seem_v to_o gâ—…ve_v it_o but_o very_a easy_a to_o understand_v according_a to_o f._n adam_n meaâ—…ure_n and_o therefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n i_o have_v not_o join_v the_o new_a city_n immediate_o to_o the_o old_a one_o as_o i_o be_o 〈◊〉_d to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ought_v to_o have_v dâ—…ne_v which_o be_v granâ—…d_v my_o opinion_n be_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v three_o gate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d side_n to_o answer_v the_o three_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o east_n side_n and_o anâ—…ther_o upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d author_n in_o that_o paragraph_n say_v that_o every_o gate_n lead_v to_o a_o particular_a suburb_n well_o people_v more_o especial_o that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o west_n now_o he_o have_v not_o explain_v himself_o right_a if_o there_o be_v more_o than_o one_o gate_n and_o one_o suburb_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o thus_o there_o remain_v but_o two_o gate_n which_o i_o have_v place_v on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o i_o do_v not_o expect_v to_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n more_o exact_a till_o we_o have_v further_a news_n from_o china_n the_o three_o thing_n that_o puzzle_v i_o be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o suburb_n belong_v to_o the_o two_o city_n our_o author_n say_v that_o every_o gate_n lead_v to_o its_o suburb_n so_o then_o as_o there_o be_v sixteen_o gate_n nine_o in_o the_o old_a and_o seven_o belong_v to_o the_o new_a city_n there_o must_v also_o be_v sixteen_o suburb_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v impossible_a by_o reason_n that_o according_a to_o our_o author_n and_o other_o relation_n the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o new_a city_n join_v to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o old_a and_o you_o enter_v out_o of_o the_o first_o into_o the_o second_o at_o three_o gate_n as_o father_n adam_n say_v express_o in_o these_o word_n tribus_fw-la portis_fw-la ab_fw-la anteriorem_fw-la urbem_fw-la est_fw-la peruia_fw-la consequent_o the_o southern_a gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n can_v have_v no_o suburb_n no_o more_o than_o the_o northern_a gate_n of_o the_o new_a especial_o if_o they_o be_v only_o separate_v by_o a_o mote_n so_o then_o according_a to_o this_o supposition_n the_o old_a city_n can_v have_v but_o four_o suburb_n the_o new_a city_n but_o two_o and_o both_o together_o but_o six_o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o seven_o gate_n of_o the_o new_a city_n to_o be_v separate_v and_o distant_a from_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n than_o there_o will_v be_v thirteen_o suburb_n in_o all_o and_o not_o sixteen_o which_o make_v i_o think_v our_o author_n mean_v that_o every_o separate_a gate_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o country_n have_v a_o suburb_n now_o in_o regard_n that_o neither_o our_o author_n nor_o any_o relation_n speak_v exact_o of_o the_o fortification_n of_o this_o great_a city_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o set_v down_o here_o what_o i_o have_v collect_v from_o trigault_n semedo_n martini_n adam_n and_o out_o of_o the_o holland_n embassy_n the_o old_a town_n be_v environ_v with_o strong_a wall_n defend_v by_o several_a tower_n place_v a_o stone_n throw_v one_o from_o another_o f._n adam_n number_v the_o tower_n to_o be_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o which_o make_v a_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o two_o foot_n of_o paris_n he_o say_v moreover_o that_o among_o these_o tower_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o every_o two_o furlong_n there_o be_v one_o of_o a_o large_a bulk_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v a_o bastion_n by_o add_v the_o point_n or_o two_o face_n of_o the_o bastion_n which_o be_v want_v the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o city_n be_v forty_o eight_o furlong_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v twenty_o four_o great_a tower_n which_o will_v make_v twenty_o four_o bastion_n which_o will_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o fathom_n or_o five_o hundred_o and_o forty_o geometrical_a pace_n the_o wall_n be_v proper_o a_o rampart_n consist_v of_o two_o brick_n wall_n the_o bottom_z of_o which_o be_v of_o large_a free_a stone_n according_a to_o trigaut_n and_o martini_n and_o the_o space_n between_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o earth_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o strong_a fort_n in_o europe_n f._n adam_n say_v that_o the_o rampart_n be_v fifty_o cubit_n or_o chinese_n foot_n high_a that_o be_v to_o say_v seven_o fathom_n and_o seven_o and_o 7_o 24_o or_o forty_o three_o foot_n and_o three_o quarter_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o be_v twenty_o four_o cubit_n or_o chinese_n foot_n that_o be_v to_o say_v three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o twenty_o one_o foot._n all_o the_o old_a wall_n be_v surround_v with_o a_o deep_a and_o large_a mote_n full_a of_o water_n and_o the_o rampart_n and_o tower_n be_v furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n necessary_a for_o their_o defence_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n moreover_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a portcullis_n belong_v to_o the_o gate_n through_o which_o the_o ambassador_n enter_v it_o be_v so_o spacious_a that_o it_o be_v above_o thirty_o fathom_n broad_a 267._o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_a above_o twenty_o lance_n