ruin_n and_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o only_a damage_n they_o sustain_v be_v when_o chmielinski_n be_v celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n of_o his_o son_n with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o valachia_n where_o the_o pole_n surprise_v they_o retook_a the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n and_o plunder_v it_o as_o likewise_o make_v the_o grecian_a patriarch_n prisoner_n then_o the_o cosack_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o know_v if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o his_o majesty_n order_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o moreover_o that_o the_o nobility_n have_v do_v it_o to_o be_v revenge_v on_o they_o for_o the_o frequent_a damage_n they_o have_v do_v they_o they_o immediate_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o tartar_n fall_v into_o poland_n with_o the_o great_a fury_n imaginable_a against_o these_o the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o defeat_v they_o in_o battle_n but_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n be_v afterward_o force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o though_o the_o gentry_n be_v very_o much_o displease_v at_o his_o grant_v they_o their_o own_o term_n by_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n which_o they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n the_o muscovite_n likewise_o take_v vilna_n in_o lithuania_n with_o some_o other_o considerable_a city_n in_o that_o great_a duchy_n poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n raise_v a_o more_o fatal_a storm_n in_o poland_n for_o with_o a_o army_n of_o choose_a man_n he_o enter_v that_o kingdom_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n thereof_o he_o first_o conquer_v great_a poland_n and_o masovia_n and_o afterward_o the_o lesser_a poland_n with_o cracow_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o he_o march_v into_o prussia_n where_o almost_o all_o the_o town_n immediate_o surrender_v to_o he_o except_o dantzic_n wherein_o at_o first_o be_v a_o great_a many_o citizen_n that_o favour_v the_o suede_n but_o who_o not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o minister_n continue_v their_o obedience_n to_o poland_n the_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o one_o city_n be_v the_o main_a reason_n why_o all_o the_o advantage_n get_v by_o the_o swede_n at_o last_o prove_v fruitless_a and_o that_o they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o no_o long_o in_o prussia_n notwithstanding_o that_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o poland_n and_o that_o part_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n have_v submit_v to_o the_o swede_n but_o also_o king_n john_n casimir_n be_v flee_v into_o silesia_n for_o the_o pole_n have_v recover_v themselves_o after_o their_o first_o consternation_n be_v over_o and_o be_v moreover_o join_v by_o the_o brandenburger_n and_o tartar_n fall_v upon_o such_o of_o the_o swedish_n force_v as_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n the_o lithuanian_n also_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o kill_v all_o the_o swede_n that_o be_v in_o winter-quarter_n among_o they_o invasion_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o swedish_n invasion_n be_v some_o familiarity_n king_n casimir_n have_v have_v with_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o vicechancellor_n radziouski_n father_n to_o the_o present_a cardinal_n primate_n this_o great_a senator_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n brook_v a_o scandal_n so_o public_a and_o therefore_o have_v first_o make_v a_o party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n he_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n through_o livonia_n to_o revenge_v his_o quarrel_n who_o soon_o get_v the_o duke_n of_o curland_n country_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n afterward_o they_o have_v such_o vast_a success_n in_o their_o progress_n that_o all_o the_o town_n of_o poland_n soon_o submit_v to_o they_o none_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v a_o siege_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o fortify_v place_n in_o poland_n it_o be_v a_o maxim_n of_o state_n there_o that_o their_o king_n shall_v not_o strengthen_v themselves_o at_o home_n whereby_o their_o enemy_n may_v take_v foot_v from_o abroad_o this_o vast_a conquest_n make_v all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n very_o jealous_a of_o the_o power_n of_o sweden_n for_o on_o one_o side_n ragozzi_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n think_v perhaps_o to_o obtain_v that_o crown_n for_o himself_o enter_v poland_n but_o with_o no_o success_n the_o dane_n likewise_o make_v a_o considerable_a diversion_n on_o their_o part_n by_o attacking_z sweden_n also_o the_o muscovite_n come_v upon_o livonia_n and_o the_o emperor_n send_v troop_n to_o succour_v the_o pole_n whereupon_o by_o assistance_n of_o the_o brandenburger_n and_o tartar_n and_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o general_n czarneski_n the_o polish_v nobility_n in_o six_o month_n time_n restore_v casimir_n to_o his_o throne_n stratagem_n this_o czarneski_n retook_a the_o capital_a city_n of_o poland_n by_o a_o stratagem_n which_o be_v by_o contrive_v to_o have_v some_o cartload_v of_o wood_n enter_v the_o city_n betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o to_o break_v in_o their_o passage_n through_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n by_o which_o mean_n with_o 800_o man_n he_o force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o city_n and_o destroy_v the_o swedish_n garrison_n the_o advantage_n of_o a_o unfortify_v kingdom_n will_v always_o be_v this_o that_o though_o it_o be_v soon_o conquer_v it_o will_v nevertheless_o be_v as_o easy_o recover_v brandenburg_n when_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n have_v meet_v with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v war_n with_o poland_n he_o make_v several_a private_a treaty_n with_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n frederic_n william_n and_o at_o length_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o he_o on_o condition_n that_o when_o he_o have_v conquer_v poland_n he_o shall_v give_v he_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n whereupon_o they_o both_o join_v their_o force_n together_o and_o soon_o conquer_v the_o pole_n but_o afterward_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v call_v home_o to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o be_v then_o invade_v by_o the_o dane_n he_o be_v force_v to_o compound_v with_o poland_n for_o 800000_o rix_n dollar_n which_o the_o pole_n not_o have_v have_v any_o intelligence_n of_o the_o danish_a invasion_n be_v glad_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenhurg_n observe_v that_o the_o money_n stipulate_v for_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v easy_o raise_v offer_v unknown_a to_o the_o swede_n to_o give_v the_o pole_n that_o sum_n and_o moreover_o to_o help_v they_o to_o drive_v the_o swede_n out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n in_o case_n they_o will_v but_o confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o aforesaid_a sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o this_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o extreme_a confusion_n and_o necessity_n quick_o condescend_v with_o this_o restraint_n only_o that_o whenever_o the_o say_v elector_n male-issue_n fail_v that_o duchy_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n whereupon_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v be_v proclaim_v sovereign_a duke_n of_o prussia_n he_o immediate_o join_v the_o polish_v force_n and_o in_o short_a time_n drive_v the_o swede_n out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n which_o he_o before_o have_v be_v instrumental_a in_o bring_v in_o this_o be_v the_o account_n i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n give_v of_o their_o deliverance_n from_o the_o swedish_n yoke_n and_o sir_n robert_z southwell_z also_o give_v we_o late_o the_o same_o account_n at_o the_o royal_a society_n which_o he_o have_v have_v from_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n own_o mouth_n oliva_n at_o this_o 2._o treaty_n of_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n the_o pole_n likewise_o be_v to_o renounce_v all_o the_o pretension_n they_o have_v to_o livonia_n casimir_n after_o have_v rout_v the_o swede_n raise_v a_o army_n of_o about_o 30000_o german_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v revenge_v on_o the_o tartar_n for_o detain_v several_a pole_n prisonner_n which_o he_o have_v betray_v himself_o the_o better_a to_o curb_v his_o subject_n but_o prince_n lubomirski_n crown-marshal_n have_v discover_v his_o private_a design_n which_o be_v to_o render_v himself_o despotic_a raise_v a_o army_n likewise_o and_o attack_v that_o of_o the_o king_n with_o so_o good_a success_n that_o he_o entire_o rout_v it_o take_v its_o general_n a_o frenchman_n prisoner_n and_o quick_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o disband_v his_o german_a force_n at_o this_o abdication_n affront_n receive_v from_o his_o own_o subject_n casimir_n be_v extreme_o nettle_v insomuch_o that_o he_o abdicate_v the_o crown_n not_o long_o after_o but_o some_o time_n before_o his_o abdication_n he_o convoke_v a_o diet_n at_o leopol_n to_o pay_v off_o the_o army_n the_o best_a expedient_a to_o effect_v this_o be_v think_v to_o be_v to_o call_v in_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o re-coin_n it_o but_o this_o have_v be_v find_v deficient_a the_o
country_n have_v be_v always_o â—â—o_o improve_v myself_o in_o what_o relate_v pecuâ—â—iarly_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n and_o to_o natural_a knowledge_n yet_o for_o my_o own_o satisfaction_n and_o curiosity_n i_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v inâ—â—ormed_v further_o both_o from_o the_o native_n themselves_o and_o their_o historian_n of_o the_o true_a state_n and_o origin_n of_o this_o vast_a kingdom_n i_o find_v that_o poland_n have_v meet_v with_o the_o same_o fate_n with_o most_o other_o country_n that_o be_v to_o be_v little_o know_v from_o its_o minority_n for_o when_o this_o monarchy_n be_v first_o found_v by_o lechus_n there_o be_v no_o learned_a man_n to_o hand_n down_o to_o posterity_n by_o their_o write_n the_o true_a state_n thereof_o from_o â—â—ts_n infancy_n but_o what_o small_a account_n there_o be_v extant_a of_o it_o be_v write_v some_o age_n after_o wherefore_o not_o have_v beside_o be_v a_o twelvemonth_n in_o that_o kingdom_n i_o can_v presume_v to_o give_v that_o satisfaction_n which_o perhaps_o your_o lordship_n may_v otherwise_o expect_v from_o the_o discourse_n i_o late_o have_v with_o you_o yet_o i_o can_v secure_o assert_v that_o the_o follow_a relation_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o that_o country_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o its_o most_o authentic_a historian_n poland_n poland_n by_o the_o roman_n call_v 4._o sarâ—â—natia_n europaea_n come_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o elective_a prince_n much_o about_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o six_o century_n sometime_o after_o that_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n have_v ravage_v the_o south_n part_n of_o europe_n and_o abandon_v their_o own_o bleak_a northern_a habitation_n to_o establish_v themselves_o in_o warm_a region_n italy_n france_n spain_n and_o africa_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o etc._n sclavonian_n as_o sabellicus_n thuanus_n and_o other_o author_n have_v it_o to_o quit_v the_o cimmerian_a bosphorus_n or_o strait_o of_o caffa_n great_a sarmatia_n and_o great_a russia_n or_o moscovy_n to_o inhabit_v those_o desolate_a country_n afterward_o this_o people_n divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o considerable_a body_n one_o pass_v the_o danube_n and_o settle_v in_o dalmatia_n istria_n bosnia_n carynthia_n bulgaria_n as_o far_o as_o greece_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o etc._n germany_n while_o the_o other_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o three_o brother_n lechus_n cechus_n and_o russus_n turn_v towards_o the_o north_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o those_o province_n which_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n have_v forsake_v these_o brother_n 50._o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v bremen_n in_o germany_n so_o name_v it_o from_o a_o sclavonian_a word_n signify_v a_o burden_n because_o they_o have_v there_o as_o one_o may_v say_v lay_v down_o their_o burden_n and_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o their_o former_a misery_n these_o prince_n likewise_o divide_v their_o follower_n into_o three_o party_n whereof_o one_o command_v by_o cechus_n settle_v in_o that_o kingdom_n which_o lie_v between_o poland_n and_o germany_n now_o call_v bohemia_n the_o other_o head_v by_o lechus_n fix_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o great_a sarmatia_n a_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n whence_o the_o native_n have_v since_o call_v it_o polska_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n pole_n which_o inhabitant_n either_o signify_v plainness_n or_o hunt_v and_o the_o german_n poland_n or_o even-ground_n 21._o hartknoch_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o poland_n be_v a_o ancient_a name_n of_o sarmatia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolomey_n before_o the_o pole_n inhabit_v this_o champain_n country_n which_o it_o may_v have_v take_v from_o the_o bulani_n or_o bolani_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v settle_v near_o the_o vistula_n and_o to_o have_v come_v from_o sarmatia_n the_o three_o brother_n â—â—agusâ—â—is_fw-la russus_n establish_v himself_o in_o that_o province_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v now_o call_v from_o his_o name_n russia_n not_o only_o the_o testimony_n of_o authentic_a writer_n but_o also_o our_o own_o reason_n will_v convince_v we_o that_o all_o these_o nation_n have_v original_o be_v the_o same_o which_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o language_n be_v but_o as_o so_o many_o dialect_v of_o one_o mother-tongue_n the_o sclavonian_a which_o be_v now_o speak_v in_o more_o country_n than_o any_o language_n of_o europe_n lechus_n here_o lechus_n have_v no_o great_a need_n of_o force_n to_o establish_v himself_o he_o meet_v with_o but_o little_a resistance_n all_o this_o country_n have_v be_v leave_v desolate_a for_o some_o time_n before_o by_o the_o vandal_n only_a 51._o regulus_n a_o german_a prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v oppos_fw-mi d_o he_o at_o first_o and_o to_o have_v challenge_v he_o but_o be_v soon_o vanquish_v by_o he_o in_o a_o duel_n whereby_o he_o become_v master_n of_o pomerania_n which_o be_v then_o regulus_n his_o country_n in_o these_o day_n there_o be_v no_o city_n in_o poland_n no_o money_n be_v yet_o know_v nor_o any_o law_n write_v such_o as_o they_o have_v be_v only_o pronounce_v law_n by_o their_o prince_n mouth_n and_o hand_v down_o by_o tradition_n to_o the_o people_n 2._o prince_n be_v then_o rather_o father_n of_o family_n than_o lord_n and_o master_n and_o their_o revenue_n consist_v only_o in_o a_o moderate_a imposition_n on_o their_o subject_n labour_n lechus_n my_o lord_n settle_v in_o that_o great_a province_n which_o join_v the_o state_n of_o brandenburg_n since_o call_v posnania_n where_o he_o build_v the_o first_o city_n city_n name_v it_o ibid._n gnesna_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n gniazdo_n which_o in_o that_o language_n signify_v a_o nest_n and_o this_o because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v building_n a_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o which_o have_v a_o eagles_n nest_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o which_o lechus_n take_v for_o a_o good_a omen_n not_o only_o call_v his_o city_n gnesna_n and_o make_v it_o the_o metropolis_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o also_o order_v that_o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o after_o be_v a_o spread-eagle_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v even_o down_o to_o this_o day_n he_o likewise_o build_v city_n another_o city_n in_o a_o wood_n eight_o mile_n from_o the_o former_a which_o he_o name_v posnania_n by_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n call_v posnan_n signify_v in_o the_o polish_v tongue_n knowledge_n because_o he_o there_o meet_v and_o know_v his_o brother_n cechus_n prince_n of_o bohemia_n after_o above_o twenty_o year_n absence_n this_o city_n give_v occasion_n for_o name_v the_o province_n posnania_n in_o memory_n of_o lechus_n to_o this_o day_n the_o pole_n style_v their_o country_n in_o their_o poem_n lechia_n and_o mr._n montague_n north_n who_o live_v for_o sometime_o at_o constantinople_n have_v late_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o turk_n call_v a_o polander_n in_o their_o language_n lech_n make_v the_o pole_n likewise_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o founder_n though_o my_o lord_n this_o lechus_n bring_v that_o people_n under_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n can_v ever_o so_o far_o prevail_v upon_o they_o as_o to_o make_v the_o succession_n hereditary_n they_o have_v continue_v elective_a for_o above_o eleven_o hundred_o year_n always_o reserve_v a_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o themselves_o of_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v for_o their_o king_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o have_v still_o hitherto_o elect_v one_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n where_o the_o decease_a king_n have_v any_o issue_n leave_v except_o in_o this_o present_a election_n which_o be_v like_a to_o go_v otherwise_o i_o find_v by_o their_o chronicle_n that_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o daughter_n have_v be_v exclude_v when_o there_o have_v be_v no_o son_n however_o they_o always_o think_v fit_a to_o acquaint_v they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o election_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o attribute_v poland_n their_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n to_o any_o right_o contract_v from_o their_o parent_n but_o be_v altogether_o oblige_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o gentry_n for_o put_v that_o sceptre_n into_o their_o hand_n hereby_o they_o intimate_v how_o much_o their_o king_n be_v indebt_v to_o they_o and_o what_o necessity_n they_o lie_v under_o to_o behave_v themselves_o well_o towards_o a_o people_n that_o be_v please_v to_o raise_v they_o to_o a_o supreme_a dignity_n which_o they_o have_v no_o better_a claim_n to_o than_o the_o mean_a gentleman_n in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o acquaint_v they_o likewise_o that_o they_o think_v themselves_o no_o long_o oblige_v to_o pay_v they_o obedience_n than_o that_o they_o keep_v to_o their_o oath_n and_o moreover_o they_o always_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o a_o right_n of_o depose_v they_o whenever_o they_o violate_v their_o law_n this_o maxim_n have_v hitherto_o prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o pole_n for_o enlarge_a their_o country_n and_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n and_o may_v well_o have_v
besiege_a friend_n when_o meet_v with_o conrade_n who_o come_v to_o oppose_v he_o near_o the_o river_n roba_fw-la he_o entire_o rout_v success_n he_o and_o force_v he_o back_o again_o into_o his_o own_o country_n this_o happen_v about_o the_o year_n 1285._o death_n this_o prince_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o trinity_n at_o cracow_n lescus_n the_o vi_o leave_v no_o child_n his_o kingdom_n consequent_o fall_v into_o great_a distraction_n for_o vladislaus_n locticus_n his_o brother_n seize_v on_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n and_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o ploskow_n brother_n to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o masovia_n on_o the_o palatinate_v of_o cracovia_n and_o sendomir_n but_o this_o latter_a be_v soon_o dispossess_v by_o 1290._o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n surname_v the_o honest_a of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n in_o the_o year_n 1290_o who_o be_v likewise_o not_o long_o after_o turn_v out_o by_o locticus_n but_o soon_o restore_v and_o reign_v in_o quality_n of_o king_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n though_o i_o do_v not_o read_v he_o be_v crown_v he_o appoint_v premislus_n duke_n of_o great_a poland_n for_o his_o successor_n be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n likewise_o this_o premislus_n also_o have_v the_o province_n of_o pomerania_n leave_v he_o by_o miescingus_n prince_n of_o that_o country_n 1296._o premislus_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v crown_v king_n at_o gnesna_n by_o james_n swinka_n archbishop_n of_o that_o city_n in_o the_o restore_v year_n 1296_o which_o be_v a_o honour_n that_o have_v not_o be_v 40._o do_v to_o any_o prince_n of_o poland_n before_o for_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n since_o boleslaus_n the_o bold_a kill_v stanislaus_n at_o the_o altar_n but_o premislus_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v this_o title_n for_o seven_o month_n after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v murder_v 97._o murder_v by_o some_o brandenburg_n emissary_n that_o marquis_n be_v afraid_a of_o this_o king_n who_o be_v master_n of_o pomerania_n which_o join_v to_o his_o country_n he_o be_v bury_v among_o his_o predecessor_n at_o posnan_n after_o the_o murder_n of_o king_n premislus_n 1296._o uladislaus_n locticus_n so_o call_v from_o the_o word_n 77._o lokiec_n a_o ell_n have_v his_o name_n from_o his_o low_a stature_n brother_n of_o lescus_n the_o black_a be_v choose_v in_o the_o year_n 1296_o and_o reign_v only_o four_o year_n he_o go_v upon_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o silesian_n that_o be_v war_n incline_v to_o assist_v the_o bohemian_n against_o he_o who_o then_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n these_o locticus_n subdue_v and_o have_v considerable_o ravage_v their_o country_n return_v home_o where_o he_o afterward_o give_v himself_o up_o to_o a_o lewd_a and_o debauch_a life_n insomuch_o that_o vice_n he_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o all_o public_a business_n and_o mind_v nothing_o but_o his_o own_o private_a pleasure_n these_o his_o intolerable_a vice_n bring_v upon_o he_o the_o ill-will_a of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o after_o three_o year_n reign_n they_o pronounce_v he_o unworthy_a of_o the_o sceptre_n and_o resolve_v to_o elect_v another_o hereupon_o locticus_n be_v dethrone_v dethrone_v they_o invite_v 1300._o winceslaus_fw-la king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o accept_v their_o crown_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o rixa_fw-la daughter_n of_o king_n premislus_n and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300_o but_o reign_v only_o to_o 1305._o after_o he_o come_v to_o reign_v he_o persecute_v locticus_n who_o hide_v himself_o for_o some_o time_n but_o be_v force_v at_o last_o to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n when_o winceslaus_fw-la thus_o see_v himself_o secure_a at_o home_n by_o the_o flight_n of_o locticus_n and_o after_o have_v put_v bohemian_a garrison_n into_o the_o several_a city_n of_o poland_n which_o seem_v very_o policy_n uneasy_a to_o that_o nation_n he_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o go_v and_o settle_v affair_n in_o bohemia_n during_o this_o vladislaus_n locticus_n have_v a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o daily_o increase_v on_o account_n of_o discontent_n against_o winceslaus_fw-la and_o have_v get_v together_o several_a troop_n out_o of_o hungary_n he_o march_v direct_o war_n towards_o poland_n hear_v that_o the_o bohemian_a government_n be_v somewhat_o burdensome_a to_o that_o nation_n at_o first_o locticus_n have_v considerable_a advantage_n over_o the_o bohemian_n but_o by_o the_o death_n of_o winceslaus_fw-la which_o follow_v soon_o after_o he_o have_v all_o the_o success_n he_o can_v desire_v for_o the_o bohemian_n who_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o garrison_n find_v themselves_o in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o moreover_o hate_v and_o ill_o think_v on_o by_o the_o people_n be_v afraid_a of_o a_o insurrection_n against_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v no_o great_a difficulty_n of_o surrender_v to_o locticus_n all_o those_o city_n and_o town_n they_o have_v possession_n of_o as_o cracow_n sendomir_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o mean_a time_n young_a winceslaus_fw-la come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o dispute_v his_o father_n kingdom_n with_o locticus_n be_v 118._o murder_v in_o the_o expedition_n it_o be_v think_v by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o bohemian_n have_v ever_o be_v govern_v by_o foreign_a prince_n winceslaus_fw-la king_n death_n of_o poland_n and_o bohemia_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o 147._o prague_n in_o the_o year_n 1305._o 1305._o after_o the_o death_n both_o of_o winceslaus_fw-la the_o father_n and_o son_n vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v restore_v almost_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o the_o year_n 1305_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1333._o and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o because_o they_o think_v he_o have_v have_v time_n to_o repent_v and_o mend_v his_o former_a life_n or_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o civil_a war_n if_o they_o shall_v elect_v any_o other_o 119._o notwithstanding_o difficulty_n the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n and_o kalisch_n have_v a_o fresh_a memory_n of_o his_o past_a dissolute_a life_n will_v never_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n also_o the_o governor_n of_o pomerania_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o poland_n be_v bribe_v by_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n deliver_v up_o to_o he_o all_o the_o city_n of_o that_o province_n as_o likewise_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n except_o the_o castle_n which_o the_o governor_n thereof_o one_o bogussa_n be_v true_o loyal_a to_o his_o king_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n surrender_v prussia_n in_o these_o day_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v full_o settle_v in_o prussia_n be_v both_o very_a strong_a and_o very_a rich._n they_o be_v establish_v there_o by_o agreement_n with_o conrade_n brother_n to_o king_n vladislaus_n lasconogus_n for_o assist_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n when_o he_o be_v oppress_v by_o they_o they_o there_o build_v some_o year_n before_o the_o city_n of_o 120._o marienburg_n appoint_v for_o build_v residence_n of_o their_o great_a master_n here_o locticus_n be_v oblige_v to_o crave_v their_o aid_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o pomerania_n and_o dantzic_n which_o they_o ready_o grant_v on_o condition_n that_o half_o the_o garrison_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o dantzic_n shall_v be_v of_o their_o troop_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o soon_o become_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o they_o afterward_o not_o only_o turn_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o pole_n castle_n but_o both_o brandenburgher_n and_o pomeranian_o out_o of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n itself_o and_o likewise_o under_o pretence_n of_o assist_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n conquer_v all_o pomerania_n for_o themselves_o when_o be_v master_n thereof_o they_o offer_v to_o buy_v the_o title_n of_o locticus_n for_o money_n which_o he_o refuse_v then_o they_o offer_v the_o same_o sum_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o renounce_v his_o right_n to_o that_o province_n which_o he_o though_o he_o have_v no_o title_n to_o sell_v yet_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o accept_v their_o prosser_n the_o pole_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o all_o these_o affront_v and_o injustice_n offer_v they_o by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n but_o before_o they_o proceed_v to_o revenge_n they_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o 123._o acquaint_v the_o pope_n therewith_o who_o live_v then_o at_o avignon_n who_o after_o four_o year_n delay_n and_o debate_n order_v the_o knight_n to_o give_v due_a fatisfaction_n to_o the_o pole_n but_o they_o have_v have_v four_o year_n respite_n to_o fortify_v themselves_o and_o to_o make_v strong_a alliance_n with_o some_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o beside_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a army_n on_o foot_n answer_v his_o holiness_n that_o they_o have_v often_o do_v great_a service_n for_o poland_n that_o that_o kingdom_n owe_v they_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o that_o they_o presume_v that_o not_o only_o the_o land_n they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o in_o prussia_n and_o pomerania_n
about_o 100000_o captive_n of_o which_o the_o great_a part_n be_v russian_n the_o moldavian_n and_o valachian_n quick_o return_v home_o but_o the_o turk_n out_o of_o covetousness_n of_o plunder_n stay_v till_o the_o great_a frost_n and_o snow_n surprise_v they_o when_o not_o be_v use_v to_o such_o excessive_a cold_a as_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a to_o above_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n 201._o some_o among_o they_o that_o escape_v be_v force_v to_o cut_v open_a their_o horse_n belly_n and_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o they_o to_o preserve_v their_o natural_a heat_n after_o this_o turk_n john_n albert_n make_v peace_n with_o the_o valachian_n and_o bajazet_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n next_o he_o go_v in_o person_n into_o prussia_n to_o oblige_v frederic_n duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n to_o take_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o which_o he_o have_v for_o some_o time_n refuse_v but_o die_v sudden_o at_o thorn_n before_o he_o can_v effect_v death_n his_o design_n albert_n leave_v no_o child_n the_o diet_n think_v fit_a to_o elect_v his_o brother_n 1501._o alexander_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n the_o better_a to_o renew_v their_o alliance_n with_o that_o country_n this_o prince_n be_v proclaim_v king_n come_v to_o cracow_n where_o by_o his_o brother_n frederic_n cardinal_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1501_o and_o reign_v only_o five_o year_n but_o the_o archbishop_n 90._o refuse_v to_o do_v the_o like_a office_n for_o his_o queen_n helena_n because_o she_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n be_v daughter_n to_o john_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n which_o country_n be_v all_o of_o that_o persuasion_n soon_o after_o that_o he_o be_v crown_v his_o father-in-law_n war_n the_o great_a duke_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n capital_a of_o a_o large_a province_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o alexander_n come_v in_o time_n to_o relieve_v it_o oblige_v the_o muscovite_n to_o make_v peace_n for_o six_o year_n in_o his_o time_n also_o the_o moldavian_n and_o tartar_n make_v eruption_n into_o poland_n but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v kill_v only_o of_o the_o tartar_n in_o that_o action_n near_o 20000._o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o person_n at_o this_o victory_n he_o then_o lie_v sick_a at_o vilna_n capital_a death_n of_o lithuania_n where_o he_o die_v soon_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o city_n character_n 356._o he_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a stature_n have_v a_o long_a visage_n and_o black_a hair_n be_v very_o strong_a build_v but_o exceed_v dull-witted_a and_o consequent_o but_o a_o little_a talker_n he_o exceed_v all_o his_o brother_n in_o generosity_n and_o be_v wont_n to_o delight_n much_o in_o musician_n and_o such_o trifle_a artist_n nevertheless_o this_o his_o liberality_n be_v general_o esteem_v but_o prodigality_n insomuch_o that_o some_o be_v so_o hold_v as_o to_o say_v that_o he_o die_v in_o time_n or_o else_o both_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n may_v have_v be_v lavish_v away_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a pernicious_a generosity_n for_o the_o future_a 90._o the_o diet_n make_v a_o law_n call_v it_o statutum_n alexandrinum_n by_o which_o they_o revoke_v all_o this_o king_n be_v profuse_a gift_n alexander_n leave_v no_o child_n and_o but_o two_o brother_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n die_v before_o he_o 1507._o sigismond_n be_v prefer_v to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n either_o because_o the_o gentry_n be_v more_o affect_v to_o he_o be_v breed_v among_o they_o or_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o vladislaus_n great_a power_n he_o be_v elect_v at_o petricovia_n in_o the_o year_n 1507_o and_o reign_v forty_o one_o year_n when_o sigismond_n leave_v his_o government_n of_o lithuania_n to_o come_v into_o poland_n he_o substitute_v one_o glinski_n a_o great_a â—â—avourite_n of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v in_o his_o room_n etc._n this_o palatin_n have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o lithuanian_n become_v so_o ambitious_a as_o to_o think_v of_o make_v himself_o absolute_a which_o conceal_v for_o a_o good_a while_n at_o length_n he_o agree_v with_o basilius_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n to_o allow_v he_o his_o share_n of_o that_o province_n in_o case_n he_o will_v afford_v he_o his_o assistance_n which_o proposal_n the_o great_a duke_n be_v please_v with_o ready_o consent_v to_o and_o with_o all_o expedition_n dispatch_v away_o a_o army_n to_o glinski_n but_o as_o such_o great_a design_n be_v not_o army_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o without_o great_a noise_n and_o suspicion_n sigismond_n come_v soon_o to_o hear_v of_o this_o treacherous_a enterprise_n whereupon_o draw_v up_o all_o his_o force_n to_o oppose_v the_o intend_a invasion_n he_o meet_v and_o defeat_v their_o army_n ravages_n and_o destroy_v their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o oblige_v they_o to_o sue_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n grant_v war_n afterward_o the_o valachian_n and_o tartar_n make_v incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o poland_n he_o force_v they_o to_o return_v home_o with_o great_a loss_n the_o muscovite_n likewise_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o a_o second_o time_n and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n with_o all_o the_o country_n about_o it_o he_o beat_v their_o army_n in_o several_a engagement_n and_o have_v kill_v in_o all_o above_o 30000_o of_o their_o man_n retake_v smolensko_n and_o make_v they_o accept_v of_o a_o peace_n the_o second_o time_n for_o five_o year_n he_o soon_o after_o marriage_n marry_a buona_n sforza_n daughter_n to_o john_n galeatio_n duke_n of_o milan_n afterward_o he_o make_v order_n war_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o sister_n son_n and_o then_o great_a master_n refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o late_a war_n hereupon_o sigismond_n take_v from_o he_o some_o town_n and_o have_v great_a advantage_n over_o he_o in_o several_a engagement_n but_o however_o albert_n have_v considerable_a succour_n send_v he_o from_o germany_n prolong_v the_o war_n for_o a_o good_a while_n in_o prussia_n about_o this_o time_n martin_n luther_n doctrine_n come_v to_o be_v know_v in_o these_o part_n and_o most_o of_o the_o citizen_n of_o 226._o dantzic_n embrace_v it_o for_o which_o at_o first_o the_o king_n be_v very_o severe_a with_o they_o but_o at_o length_n fear_v that_o to_o preserve_v their_o religion_n they_o may_v side_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n against_o he_o he_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n all_o this_o while_n that_o order_n make_v vigorous_a resistance_n and_o with_o equal_a loss_n on_o both_o side_n fatigue_v the_o polish_v army_n till_o at_o last_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o both_o party_n to_o make_v the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o and_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n arbitrator_n who_o determine_v that_o sigismond_n shall_v relinquish_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o prussia_n which_o be_v above_o half_a of_o that_o great_a province_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v mediation_n for_o ever_o enjoy_v it_o as_o they_o have_v actual_o do_v ever_o since_o without_o any_o disturbance_n from_o sigismond_n but_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o duke_n of_o prussia_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o send_v to_o their_o service_n every_o year_n in_o time_n of_o war_n a_o hundred_o horse_n ready_a equipt_n which_o those_o king_n be_v to_o maintain_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n from_o the_o time_n they_o go_v out_o of_o prussia_n at_o this_o time_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v not_o a_o little_a jealous_a of_o the_o exorbitant_a power_n and_o vast_a dominion_n of_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n for_o not_o only_a sigismond_n possess_v poland_n the_o great_a dutchy_n of_o lithuania_n smolensko_n and_o severia_n and_o likewise_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o euxine_a and_o baltic_a sea_n but_o also_o his_o nephew_n lewis_n son_n of_o vladislaus_n be_v king_n of_o hungary_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n insomuch_o that_o they_o secret_o raise_v several_a enemy_n against_o they_o whereupon_o the_o muscovite_n moldavian_n and_o tartar_n come_v a_o three_o time_n to_o molest_v poland_n but_o be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v after_o have_v do_v some_o mischief_n about_o this_o time_n solyman_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n make_v war_n with_o hungary_n and_o gain_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o mobac_n where_o king_n lewis_n and_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o better_a part_n of_o hungary_n subject_v to_o the_o turk_n this_o king_n lewis_n leave_v only_o one_o daughter_n silesia_n which_o be_v
on_o the_o north_n by_o pomerania_n and_o prussia_n on_o the_o south_n by_o upper_a or_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o east_n by_o masovia_n and_o towards_o the_o west_n by_o silesia_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n it_o be_v call_v great_a poland_n because_o lechus_n the_o founder_n of_o this_o kingdom_n first_o settle_v there_o and_o divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n viz._n division_n 1._o great_a poland_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o 2._o cujavia_n both_o which_o contain_v seven_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_v of_o posnania_n to_o which_o belong_v the_o territory_n of_o wschow_n kalisch_n siradia_n to_o which_o belong_v the_o territory_n of_o vielunia_n rava_n lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n of_o these_o the_o two_o last_o only_o belong_v to_o cujavia_n the_o chief_a of_o all_o these_o seven_o palatinate_n be_v palatinate_n posnania_n in_o which_o be_v these_o several_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n posnan_n bishopric_n palatinate_n and_o castellany_n gnesna_n archbishopric_n and_o castellany_n koscien_fw-fr vskow_n sremsk_v miedzyrzeeze_v nacum_fw-la curnic_n slupeia_n pysdra_n kcina_n conin_n premecz_n and_o ragozno_n posnan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v posnan_n call_v by_o the_o german_n posen_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la in_o the_o 39th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 52_o of_o latitude_n it_o be_v 7_o mile_n distant_a from_o gnesna_n to_o the_o west_n 20_o german_a mile_n from_o vratislaw_n to_o the_o north_n and_o 50_o from_o cracow_n to_o the_o south_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o several_a little_a hill_n environ_v with_o a_o strong_a double_a wall_n and_o a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n the_o city_n itself_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v it_o but_o small_a yet_o nevertheless_o exceed_v beautiful_a and_o well-built_a its_o edifice_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n among_o the_o public_a structure_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v the_o castle_n raise_v upon_o a_o small_a eminence_n between_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la and_o prosna_n it_o be_v general_o provide_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o ammunition_n and_o want_v for_o neither_o strength_n nor_o beauty_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o public_a edifice_n may_v just_o claim_v the_o like_a character_n though_o the_o most_o stately_a lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n varta_fw-la in_o the_o suburb_n which_o be_v very_o large_a here_o be_v the_o cathedral_n church_n with_o a_o college_n of_o prebend_n and_o the_o bishop_n palace_n situate_v among_o the_o marsh_n this_o pile_n of_o building_n be_v common_o call_v valisovia_n and_o build_v so_o strong_a that_o like_o the_o town_n it_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v a_o siege_n john_n lubranscius_fw-la a_o bishop_n of_o this_o see_v found_v here_o a_o college_n to_o be_v visit_v by_o that_o of_o cracow_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o very_o much_o augment_v and_o beautify_v by_o adam_n conarius_n his_o successor_n and_o far_o enrich_v by_o one_o rosrasevius_n with_o several_a noble_a gift_n so_o that_o now_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n in_o the_o city_n where_o learning_n be_v great_o encourage_v yet_o this_o also_o in_o the_o suburb_n do_v not_o want_v for_o noble_a youth_n who_o daily_a flock_n thither_o to_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o lecture_n of_o mathematics_n and_o law_n these_o suburb_n be_v all_o surround_v by_o a_o morass_n and_o a_o great_a lake_n they_o be_v frequent_o lay_v under_o water_n by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o varta_fw-la insomuch_o that_o sometime_o with_o the_o neighbour_a village_n for_o several_a mile_n together_o the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n be_v only_o to_o be_v see_v this_o inundation_n likewise_o often_o extend_v to_o the_o town_n itself_o notwithstanding_o its_o high_a wall_n in_o a_o manner_n that_o boat_n have_v be_v know_v to_o swim_v about_o the_o street_n but_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o water_n common_o retire_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n at_o far_a there_o be_v three_o very_a famous_a fair_n keep_v in_o this_o city_n whither_o the_o german_n both_o trader_n and_o gentry_n come_v in_o great_a number_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v keep_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o lent_n and_o last_v a_o month._n the_o second_o at_o michaelmas_n and_o continue_v five_o week_n and_o the_o last_o at_o midsummer_n which_o be_v for_o the_o same_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n be_v general_o roman_a catholic_n though_o vast_a number_n of_o jew_n live_v also_o among_o they_o the_o government_n be_v execute_v by_o a_o starosta_n choose_v yearly_o out_o of_o the_o schipin_n or_o alderman_n who_o as_o long_o as_o this_o office_n last_v enjoy_v also_o the_o title_n of_o general_n of_o great_a poland_n gnesna_n seven_o mile_n from_o hence_o lie_v gnesna_n situate_v among_o bog_n and_o hill_n and_o call_v also_o by_o the_o german_n gnicsen_n it_o be_v a_o archbishops_n see_v and_o give_v title_n to_o the_o primate_n of_o all_o poland_n it_o be_v distant_a three_o polish_v miles_n from_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la to_o the_o north_n seven_o from_o kalisch_n to_o the_o south_n as_o many_o from_o posnan_n to_o the_o east_n and_o about_o thirteen_o from_o thorn_n thirty_o from_o dantzic_n and_o thirty_o three_o from_o warsaw_n to_o the_o northwest_n it_o be_v former_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v be_v build_v by_o lechus_n the_o first_o founder_n thereof_o and_o so_o name_v from_o a_o eagles_n nest_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o life_n of_o that_o king_n this_o city_n be_v almost_o consume_v by_o fire_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o and_o be_v at_o present_a chief_o considerable_a for_o be_v the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o primate_n of_o poland_n who_o yet_o enjoy_v very_o great_a privilege_n in_o the_o cathedral_n be_v reposit_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o inestimable_a treasure_n most_o of_o which_o be_v owe_v to_o the_o tomb_n of_o st._n adalbert_n raise_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o church_n case_v about_o with_o silver_n by_o sigisâ—â—nund_n iii_o and_o to_o the_o gift_n of_o henry_n fâ—â—rleius_n late_a archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v who_o among_o other_o rarity_n give_v his_o own_o mitre_n value_v at_o 24000_o polish_v gilder_n or_o near_o 2000_o l._n sterling_n the_o gate_n open_v to_o this_o church_n be_v all_o of_o corinthian_a brass_n curious_o wrought_v which_o be_v first_o take_v from_o the_o monastery_n of_o corsuna_n in_o taurica_n chersonesus_n afterward_o remove_v to_o kiow_n and_o thence_o bring_v hither_o by_o order_n of_o boleslaus_n ii_o here_o be_v several_a fair_n keep_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v that_o on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n adalbert_n koscien_fw-fr koscien_fw-fr a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a among_o marsh_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o a_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o mile_n from_o posnan_n uskow_n vskow_n a_o wall_a town_n situate_a in_o a_o plain_a likewise_o and_o about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o posnan_n etc._n sremsk_v premeez_n and_o ragozno_n three_o timber_n build_v town_n belong_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o posnan_n miedzyrzecze_v miedzyrzecze_v a_o town_n build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o wood_n in_o a_o plain_a among_o rivulet_n and_o marsh_n and_o which_o also_o its_o name_n import_v it_o be_v situate_a upon_o the_o â—â—onfiries_n of_o silesia_n and_o pomerania_n and_o have_v a_o strong_a castle_n fortify_v both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o which_o it_o be_v common_o conjecture_v can_v hardly_o be_v take_v unless_o it_o be_v starve_v this_o several_a german_a prince_n have_v experience_v at_o their_o cost_v who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o fruitless_a siege_n of_o it_o have_v at_o length_n be_v force_v to_o return_v home_o again_o re_fw-mi infectâ_fw-la it_o be_v about_o 15_o mile_n from_o posnan_n slupcza_n slupcza_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o wart_n with_o a_o very_a strong_a wall_n and_o other_o suitable_a fortification_n pysdra_n pysdra_n a_o wall_v town_n upon_o the_o wart_n likewise_o build_v in_o a_o plain_a among_o wood_n and_o nine_o mile_n from_o kalisch_n the_o other_o town_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v some_o of_o they_o wall_v and_o chief_o build_v with_o wood_n except_o only_o the_o public_a edifice_n such_o as_o castle_n town_n church_n monastery_n abbey_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v all_o either_o stone_n or_o brick_n posnania_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellan_n of_o posnania_n the_o castellan_n of_o sremsk_n miedzyrzecze_n premecz_n ragozno_n krve_v and_o zandoc_n there_o be_v moreover_o several_a other_o officer_n in_o this_o palatinate_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a the_o starostas_n or_o governor_n of_o city_n have_v some_o of_o they_o jurisdiction_n and_o some_o none_o as_o it_o be_v likewise_o all_o the_o kingdom_n over_o arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanded_a argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n
vavel_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o be_v a_o large_a stone_n building_n consist_v of_o two_o wing_n magnificent_o raise_v about_o a_o square-court_n have_v gallery_n support_v with_o pillar_n and_o pave_v with_o black_a and_o white_a marble_n the_o king_n apartment_n with_o some_o other_o be_v adorn_v with_o divers_a curious_a painting_n and_o statue_n and_o the_o country_n round_o about_o afford_v one_o of_o the_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n in_o europe_n cathedral_n here_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n in_o which_o a_o late_a bishop_n of_o cracow_n martin_n szyscovius_n repair_v and_o beautify_v his_o tomb_n which_o before_o have_v be_v all_o of_o silver_n this_o sigismond_n iii_o and_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n vii_o great_o augment_v bestow_v on_o it_o many_o offering_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n vessel_n sigismond_n i._n also_o in_o honour_n of_o this_o saint_n build_v a_o silver_n altar_n near_o his_o tomb_n bestow_v on_o it_o several_a golden_a crucifix_n and_o as_o many_o vestment_n rich_o embroider_v with_o gem_n of_o all_o sort_n his_o daughter_n ann_n likewise_o wife_n to_o king_n stephen_n build_v another_o silver_n altar_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o annunciation_n who_o roof_n be_v all_o gild_a and_o wherein_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v inter_v this_o cathedral_n be_v principal_o to_o be_v note_v for_o its_o chapter_n and_o treasury_n i_o pass_v by_o several_a other_o inestimable_a riches_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o but_o i_o can_v omit_v one_o thing_n which_o be_v that_o god_n be_v so_o incessant_o praise_v in_o this_o church_n that_o the_o priest_n be_v never_o silent_a night_n nor_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o chapter_n this_o diocese_n be_v lord_n over_o thirteen_o city_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o severia_n his_o chapter_n which_o consist_v of_o about_o thirty_o canon_n with_o several_a other_o inferior_a priest_n have_v a_o proportionable_a revenue_n this_o city_n be_v erect_v into_o a_o metropolitan_a see_v upon_o the_o first_o plant_v of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o poland_n by_o miecislaus_fw-la i._n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o regard_n that_o lampert_n zula_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n yet_o upon_o submission_n he_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o that_o dignity_n but_o which_o last_v only_o for_o his_o life_n his_o successor_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o only_a bishop_n church_n there_o be_v about_o fifty_o other_o parish-church_n as_o well_o in_o the_o castle_n as_o the_o town_n whereof_o the_o most_o celebrate_a be_v that_o of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n in_o the_o circle_n of_o cracow_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o arch-presbyter_n and_o front_v ten_o large_a street_n have_v moreover_o on_o all_o side_n four_o row_v of_o magnificent_a structure_n university_n a_o university_n be_v first_o begin_v here_o by_o casimir_n the_o great_a and_o finish_v not_o till_o the_o year_n 1401_o by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n conformable_a to_o the_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la and_o have_v its_o privilege_n soon_o after_o confirm_v by_o pope_n vrban_n vi_o however_o the_o scholar_n forsake_v it_o in_o 1549_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o magistrate_n have_v refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n on_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n who_o in_o a_o quarrel_n have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o they_o afterward_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o become_v protestant_n spread_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n throughout_o poland_n and_o gain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o at_o last_o they_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n in_o this_o university_n be_v teach_v all_o sort_n of_o learning_n and_o which_o be_v now_o as_o great_a a_o ornament_n to_o the_o polish_v kingdom_n as_o athens_n be_v former_o to_o greece_n it_o contain_v in_o all_o eleven_o college_n college_n which_o be_v the_o great_a college_n which_o be_v only_o for_o philosopher_n the_o law-college_n where_o the_o professor_n of_o that_o art_n cohabit_v and_o read_v lecture_n the_o physick-college_n which_o the_o physician_n do_v not_o live_v in_o because_o they_o be_v general_o marry_v and_o have_v family_n the_o college_n of_o dlugossus_n for_o young_a student_n in_o the_o law_n the_o college_n of_o the_o poor_a for_o such_o as_o we_o call_v king's-scholar_n here_o the_o college_n of_o nascovius_n for_o other_o science_n the_o college_n of_o jerusalem_n or_o of_o olesnicius_n the_o college_n of_o zisinius_n new_o erect_v the_o college_n of_o staringilius_n the_o college_n of_o smiescovicius_n and_o the_o college_n for_o human_a learning_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v fourteen_o grammar-school_n scatter_v throughout_o the_o city_n in_o which_o also_o sometime_o university-learning_n be_v teach_v vicechancellor_n all_o these_o college_n and_o school_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o rector_n or_o vicechancellor_n who_o take_v care_n that_o order_n be_v due_o observe_v and_o function_n right_o administer_v which_o be_v so_o great_a encouragement_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o ecclesiastical_a or_o political_a dignity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v fill_v by_o person_n that_o have_v be_v educate_v in_o this_o university_n monastery_n in_o the_o monastery_n also_o be_v teach_v both_o philosophy_n and_o divinity_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o that_o of_o the_o dominican_n of_o the_o trinity_n where_o there_o be_v daily_a lecture_n keep_v and_o several_a kind_n of_o moral_a learning_n also_o promote_v mendicant_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a sort_n of_o mendicant_a friar_n in_o this_o city_n who_o upon_o solemn_a feast_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n go_v in_o procession_n clothe_v in_o divers_a colour_n such_o as_o mendicant_n of_o the_o rosary_n in_o red._n mendicant_n of_o mercy_n in_o green_n mendicant_n of_o the_o mantle_n in_o blue_n mendicant_n of_o the_o passion_n in_o black_n mendicant_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o white_n mendicant_n of_o saint_n sophia_n in_o purple_n mendicant_n of_o saint_n ann_n in_o ash-colour_n mendicant_n of_o saint_n monica_n in_o crimson_a city_n the_o house_n of_o this_o city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v on_o the_o top_n only_o with_o board_n instead_o of_o slate_n or_o tile_n the_o quarter_n of_o casimir_n be_v join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o fair_a timber_n bridg_n erect_v over_o the_o river_n rudawka_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o weissel_n whilst_o the_o other_o two_o stradomia_fw-la and_o cleparia_n be_v water_v by_o the_o weissel_n and_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o aforesaid_a bridg._n biecz_n biecz_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v a_o wall_a city_n in_o a_o plain_a water_v by_o the_o river_n rapa_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o vistula_n out_o of_o the_o froth_n of_o which_o they_o make_v sulphur_n it_o be_v about_o fifteen_o polish_v miles_n from_o cracow_n and_o five_o from_o sandecz_n wounitz_n wounitz_n or_o woynicz_n a_o timber-built_a town_n on_o the_o river_n dunaiecz_n from_o cracow_n about_o nine_o mile_n sandecz_n sandecz_n a_o wall_a town_n in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a plain_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o same_o name_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n dunaiecx_n and_o about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n it_o have_v a_o collegiute_v church_n and_o several_a monastery_n etc._n etc._n its_o inhabitant_n be_v active_a and_o industrious_a lelow_n lelow_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o lelovia_n of_o which_o it_o be_v the_o capital_a environ_v with_o a_o old_a wall_n and_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v upon_o a_o hill_n wherein_o be_v a_o palace_n and_o several_a garden_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n it_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o river_n biala_n and_o about_o eleven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n kyaz_n kyaz_n a_o wooden-built_a town_n about_o seven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n osvieczin_n osvieczin_n capital_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n a_o timber-built_a city_n in_o a_o plain_a among_o the_o marsh_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n plaster_v only_o with_o clay_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o mile_n from_o cracow_n zator_fw-la zator_n capital_a of_o that_o duchy_n build_v with_o wood_n in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n vistula_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o cracow_n severia_n severia_n capital_a of_o the_o large_a duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n it_o have_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o very_a broad_a lake_n and_o another_o at_o lipovecia_n upon_o a_o high_a rock_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o prison_n of_o the_o insolent_a clergy_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o cracow_n for_o that_o bishop_n be_v temporal_a prince_n of_o this_o duchy_n which_o contain_v some_o town_n and_o lipovecia_n among_o the_o
be_v the_o metrâ—â—polis_n of_o poland_n in_o which_o all_o the_o king_n by_o the_o constitution_n be_v to_o be_v crown_v though_o they_o be_v to_o live_v at_o warsaw_n 55._o there_o go_v a_o frivolous_a story_n of_o a_o monstrous_a dragon_n that_o rage_v in_o those_o day_n near_o this_o city_n who_o with_o his_o poisonous_a breath_n kill_v all_o that_o come_v near_o he_o and_o likewise_o sometime_o sally_v abroad_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o thousand_o to_o prevent_v which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o throw_v he_o every_o day_n three_o ox_n which_o at_o length_n almost_o cause_v a_o famine_n duke_n cracus_n make_v use_v of_o a_o stratagem_n to_o destroy_v he_o which_o be_v this_o he_o order_v a_o ox_n hide_n to_o be_v stuff_v full_a of_o sulphur_n nitre_n pitch_n and_o the_o like_a and_o to_o be_v cast_v to_o the_o monster_n who_o take_v it_o for_o no_o other_o than_o his_o daily_a offer_n greedy_o devour_v it_o but_o quick_o find_v himself_o inflame_v with_o so_o great_a a_o drought_n that_o he_o soon_o after_o burst_v with_o drink_v in_o the_o river_n vistula_n death_n after_o this_o duke_n death_n he_o be_v ybury_v by_o his_o own_o order_n on_o a_o little_a hill_n in_o sight_n of_o the_o town_n and_o this_o to_o put_v the_o citizen_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o founder_n he_o leave_v three_o child_n issue_n cracus_n lechus_n and_o venda_n whereof_o ii_o lechus_n ii_o to_o obtain_v the_o principality_n murder_v his_o elder_a brother_n cracus_n in_o a_o wood_n death_n which_o be_v soon_o detect_v he_o be_v banish_v the_o country_n and_o die_v in_o exile_n 750._o venda_fw-la a_o virgin_n which_o show_v the_o affection_n the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v for_o the_o royal_a family_n succeed_v he_o she_o be_v a_o very_a beautiful_a princess_n and_o among_o several_a other_o be_v court_v by_o one_o 161._o ritiger_n a_o german_a prince_n who_o not_o prove_v much_o in_o her_o favour_n come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o force_v she_o to_o marry_v he_o but_o be_v brave_o oppose_v and_o vanquish_v by_o she_o as_o the_o polish_v historian_n will_v have_v it_o though_o the_o german_a affirm_v the_o contrary_a and_o say_v she_o drown_v herself_o upon_o his_o pursue_v she_o close_o death_n which_o the_o other_o pretend_v be_v occasion_v by_o her_o hear_n ritiger_n be_v a_o handsome_a man_n and_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o a_o rage_n with_o this_o princess_n cracus_n his_o family_n be_v woievod_n extinct_a the_o pole_n choose_v a_o second_o time_n twelve_o woievod_n who_o fall_v out_o as_o before_o among_o themselves_o and_o the_o hungarian_n and_o moravian_o depose_v invade_v their_o country_n they_o think_v fit_a to_o elect_v one_o premislus_n a_o goldsmith_n for_o their_o duke_n afterward_o call_v 750._o lescus_n i._o the_o reason_n of_o who_o be_v choose_v be_v a_o stratagem_n he_o have_v contrive_v that_o save_v the_o pole_n when_o they_o be_v in_o distress_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v they_o be_v in_o the_o field_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o moravian_o and_o find_v themselves_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o their_o enemy_n this_o goldsmith_n contrive_v a_o way_n to_o make_v they_o seem_v more_o numerous_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o gain_v they_o a_o complete_a victory_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o get_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o helmet_n make_v of_o the_o bark_n stratagem_n of_o tree_n which_o he_o daub_v over_o with_o quicksilver_n and_o gall_n and_o by_o night_n hang_v they_o in_o order_n of_o a_o army_n on_o small_a bough_n at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o wood_n which_o the_o enemy_n next_o morning_n perceive_v by_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o polish_v army_n march_v direct_o towards_o they_o when_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v behind_o the_o tree_n remove_v the_o helmet_n the_o enemy_n think_v they_o have_v retreat_v for_o fear_n whereupon_o hot_o pursue_v they_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o wood_n the_o pole_n who_o lie_v in_o ambush_n surround_v and_o cut_v they_o all_o to_o piece_n he_o govern_v the_o pole_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o a_o good_a while_n none_o during_o his_o reign_n dare_v to_o molest_v that_o country_n how_o long_o he_o uncertain_a reign_v and_o where_o and_o of_o what_o distemper_n he_o die_v be_v uncertain_a horse-race_n this_o duke_n leave_v no_o issue_n a_o horse-race_n be_v institute_v wherein_o the_o victor_n be_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o government_n hereupon_o a_o stone_n pillar_n be_v raise_v before_o cracow_n on_o which_o be_v â—â—aid_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n and_o other_o regalia_z and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o herald_n proclaim_v the_o throne_n to_o he_o that_o get_v first_o from_o the_o river_n pardnic_n to_o the_o goal_n upon_o which_o several_a candidate_n appear_v one_o lescus_n think_v himself_o wise_a than_o the_o rest_n lay_v iron_n spikes_n in_o the_o road_n where_o the_o race_n be_v to_o be_v run_v by_o which_o the_o other_o horse_n be_v defeat_v â—â—amed_v he_o come_v first_o to_o the_o pillar_n but_o this_o fraud_n be_v soon_o detect_v instead_o of_o be_v choose_v he_o be_v tear_v to_o piece_n on_o the_o spot_n and_o 776._o lescus_n ii_o a_o poor_a country_n fellow_n who_o the_o pole_n look_v upon_o to_o be_v destine_v for_o their_o prince_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 776_o who_o while_o the_o other_o horse_n be_v hamper_v by_o the_o way_n run_v the_o race_n on_o foot_n for_o want_v of_o a_o horse_n though_o rather_o to_o show_v his_o swiftness_n than_o out_o of_o any_o thought_n of_o the_o crown_n get_v next_o the_o impostor_n to_o the_o goal_n example_n this_o duke_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o former_a condition_n will_v once_o a_o year_n solemn_o â—â—ay_v by_o his_o robe_n and_o put_v on_o his_o country_n clothes_n which_o he_o preserve_v whilst_o he_o live_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o which_o induce_v all_o the_o courtier_n to_o be_v as_o mean_o clothe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o write_v that_o he_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o death_n war_n against_o charles_n the_o great_a 804._o lescus_n iii_o his_o son_n succeed_v he_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o year_n 804._o he_o soon_o force_v the_o uncertain_a aforesaid_a emperor_n to_o a_o peace_n but_o when_o he_o die_v i_o find_v no_o mention_n make_v he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v above_o twenty_o natural_a son_n 810._o popiel_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 810._o this_o prince_n have_v none_o of_o the_o good_a quality_n either_o of_o his_o father_n or_o grandfather_n his_o great_a vice_n care_n be_v to_o make_v much_o of_o himself_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o public_a he_o think_v cracow_n too_o much_o expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n and_o russian_n and_o therefore_o for_o security_n of_o his_o person_n withdraw_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n first_o to_o gnesna_n and_o afterward_o to_o cruswitz_n where_o he_o soon_o after_o death_n die_v sudden_o 11._o his_o common_a execration_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v that_o he_o may_v be_v devour_v by_o rat_n which_o though_o it_o happen_v not_o to_o he_o yet_o his_o son_n popiel_n perish_v by_o that_o fate_n 815._o popiel_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o former_a be_v elect_v next_o in_o the_o year_n 815_o and_o reign_v to_o 830_o who_o be_v a_o loose_a and_o profligate_v prince_n be_v more_o universal_o hate_v than_o his_o father_n which_o his_o wife_n perceive_v as_o likewise_o that_o his_o father_n brother_n be_v more_o belove_v contrive_v a_o way_n to_o poison_v they_o thereby_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o succession_n to_o her_o child_n hereupon_o stratagem_n by_o her_o stratagem_n popiel_n feign_v a_o dangerous_a sickness_n and_o invite_v his_o uncle_n to_o visit_v he_o which_o they_o speedy_o obey_v he_o cause_v they_o to_o come_v to_o his_o bedside_n where_o take_v they_o by_o the_o hand_n as_o if_o just_a go_v to_o leave_n e_o world_n he_o recommend_v to_o they_o a_o cup_n to_o ink_n which_o they_o little_o suspect_v any_o poison_n urteous_o accept_v and_o drink_v off_o when_o king_n leave_v of_o their_o nephew_n a_o little_a while_n ter_z they_o fall_v into_o excessive_a pain_n and_o soon_o ed._n upon_o which_o this_o barbarous_a duke_n by_z e_z instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n give_v out_o that_o it_o as_o a_o judgement_n from_o the_o god_n upon_o they_o for_o â—â—e_z treacherous_a design_n they_o have_v form_v against_o he_o and_o his_o child_n and_o therefore_o â—â—dered_v their_o body_n to_o lie_v unbury_v for_o a_o conquerable_a time_n the_o better_a to_o take_v away_o all_o spition_n of_o his_o crime_n hereupon_o no_o body_n â—â—er_v so_o much_o as_o suspect_v either_o popiel_n or_o â—â—s_o wife_n of_o their_o death_n till_o at_o length_n dine_v justice_n discover_v and_o punish_v the_o offener_n after_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n for_o
woievod_n of_o cracovia_n to_o who_o the_o king_n after_o the_o fight_n send_v a_o hare-skin_n and_o spinning-wheel_n for_o recompense_n nevertheless_o this_o one_o defeat_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o he_o that_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v leave_v four_o son_n among_o who_o issue_n he_o divide_v his_o kingdom_n this_o king_n perform_v a_o great_a many_o more_o memorable_a action_n which_o my_o lord_n because_o they_o may_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o i_o have_v omit_v 72._o character_n he_o be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a spirit_n a_o great_a despiser_n of_o danger_n and_o no_o less_o a_o observer_n of_o truth_n and_o right_n very_o liberal_a and_o generous_a upon_o the_o small_a occasion_n and_o moreover_o endue_v with_o singular_a clemency_n and_o modesty_n he_o be_v further_a very_o ambitious_a of_o glory_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o enemy_n to_o peace_n though_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v train_v up_o to_o war_n from_o his_o very_a cradle_n to_o 1140._o uladislaus_n surname_v the_o driveler_n his_o elder_a son_n he_o leave_v the_o supreme_a power_n which_o be_v confirm_v and_o he_o elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1140_o but_o reign_v only_o six_o year_n and_o to_o the_o other_o three_o he_o give_v only_o some_o separate_a province_n which_o afterward_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a disorder_n in_o poland_n for_o the_o elder_a brother_n vladislaus_n pretend_v to_o dispossess_v brother_n the_o other_o three_o turn_v his_o brother_n boleslaus_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_v of_o ploskow_n and_o masovia_n and_o his_o brother_n henry_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o sendomir_n who_o both_o retire_a to_o their_o three_o brother_n that_o govern_v posnania_n 73._o vladislaus_n have_v always_o with_o he_o a_o nobleman_n call_v d_o peter_n dunin_n who_o take_v out_o one_o day_n to_o hunt_v they_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o late_o abroad_o that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o lie_v all_o night_n in_o a_o wood_n where_o for_o diversion_n the_o king_n begin_v to_o joke_v with_o his_o companion_n after_o this_o manner_n dunin_n quoth_v he_o i._n believe_v your_o wife_n lie_v more_o at_o ease_n to_o night_n with_o the_o abbot_n scrinnen_n than_o we_o do_v to_o which_o dunin_n forget_v himself_o tart_o reply_v and_o it_o may_v be_v your_o majesty_n do_v the_o same_o with_o dobessus_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o handsome_a fellow_n about_o court_n that_o his_o queen_n christina_n love_v this_o answer_n so_o nettle_v the_o king_n that_o he_o afterward_o employ_v the_o same_o dobessus_n to_o be_v revenge_v revenge_n on_o dunin_n which_o he_o effect_v by_o pull_v out_o his_o tongue_n and_o eye_n hereupon_o the_o people_n perceive_v how_o cruel_o vladislaus_n persecute_v his_o own_o brother_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n how_o ill_o he_o treat_v his_o subject_n begin_v to_o be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o disaffect_v to_o he_o whereby_o his_o brother_n party_n great_o increase_a he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o besiege_v posnan_n wherefore_o discover_v new_a faction_n hourly_o appear_v against_o he_o and_o fear_v some_o ill_a fate_n from_o a_o universal_a hatred_n he_o timely_o withdraw_v into_o germany_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o cousin_n kingdom_n german_a to_o his_o queen_n christina_n who_o several_a time_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o his_o brother_n boleslaus_n crispus_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n vladislaus_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v for_o silesia_n only_o which_o afterward_o fall_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o bohemia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o prince_n lie_v bury_v at_o attenburg_n death_n a_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o alsace_n vladislaus_n with_o his_o son_n have_v abdicate_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n his_o second_o brother_n 1146._o boleslaus_n crispus_n or_o the_o frizzle_a be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1146_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1175_o yet_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o restore_v vladislaus_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o first_o send_v ambassador_n into_o poland_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n then_o he_o resolve_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o pole_n but_o defer_v it_o till_o his_o expedition_n against_o asia_n be_v over_o to_o facilitate_v which_o he_o have_v obtain_v leave_n to_o pass_v through_o boleslaus_n his_o dominion_n to_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o at_o his_o return_n be_v constant_o solicit_v by_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o queen_n he_o march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n against_o poland_n yet_o war_n what_o with_o delay_n stratagem_n and_o ambuscadoe_n he_o be_v so_o fatigue_v by_o the_o pole_n that_o he_o can_v do_v nothing_o till_o at_o last_o he_o be_v call_v home_o to_o appease_v some_o intestine_a broil_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o soon_o after_o die_v his_o successor_n frederic_n barberossa_n also_o espouse_v vladislaus_n his_o cause_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o favour_n by_o ambassador_n he_o march_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n against_o the_o pole_n which_o they_o likewise_o harass_v and_o weary_v out_o till_o they_o have_v oblige_v that_o emperor_n to_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o he_o be_v in_o war_n at_o the_o same_o time_n against_o milan_n by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o boleslaus_n shall_v remit_v silesia_n to_o vladislaus_n who_o posterity_n afterward_o divide_v it_o into_o several_a dutchy_n till_o at_o last_o it_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n this_o great_a province_n my_o lord_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o my_o journey_n through_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fertile_a and_o plentiful_a country_n in_o all_o germany_n boleslaus_n begin_v another_o war_n against_o the_o prussian_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o force_v they_o to_o this_o compliance_n that_o they_o shall_v submit_v in_o case_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o their_o religion_n but_o otherwise_o they_o bold_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o become_v christian_n again_o whereupon_o boleslaus_n be_v force_v to_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o they_o soon_o revolt_v and_o by_o a_o 78._o stratagem_n entire_o rout_v the_o polish_v army_n and_o death_n kill_v his_o brother_n henry_n this_o king_n die_v not_o long_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n 1174._o miecislaus_fw-la surname_v the_o old_a brother_n to_o boleslaus_n succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1174_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o 1178._o he_o be_v call_v the_o old_a from_o his_o great_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n in_o his_o youth_n his_o covetousness_n policy_n induce_v he_o to_o hoard_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o oppress_v the_o gentry_n and_o people_n with_o unreasonable_a tax_n and_o sell_v all_o employment_n though_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o extreme_a avarice_n bring_v he_o to_o be_v general_o hate_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n whereupon_o 88_o gedeon_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n endeavour_v several_a time_n to_o incline_v he_o to_o pity_v his_o subject_n and_o despise_v money_n since_o he_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o but_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o his_o advice_n wherefore_o this_o bishop_n concert_v together_o with_o the_o gentry_n to_o dethrone_v he_o and_o remit_v dethrone_v the_o crown_n to_o casimir_n his_o brother_n who_o more_o deserve_v it_o which_o they_o effectual_o do_v after_o some_o little_a bloodshed_n here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o covertousness_n be_v the_o great_a vice_n that_o any_o prince_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o especial_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o subject_n as_o your_o lordship_n doubtless_o have_v observe_v be_v general_o liberal_a even_o to_o extravagance_n at_o first_o casimir_n refuse_v the_o crown_n offer_v he_o allege_v it_o be_v his_o brother_n right_a and_o that_o such_o a_o alteration_n may_v occasion_v civil_a war_n which_o he_o by_o no_o mean_n have_v any_o mind_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o but_o when_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v they_o will_v have_v no_o other_o king_n and_o can_v never_o more_o obey_v miecislaus_fw-la 1178._o casimir_n ii_o consent_v to_o accept_v of_o the_o government_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1178_o and_o reign_v to_o 1195._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o just_a be_v altogether_o unlike_o his_o brother_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a particular_a 82._o be_v at_o play_n with_o a_o gentleman_n of_o he_o name_v conarius_n whilst_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o sendomir_n and_o have_v win_v all_o his_o adversary_n money_n the_o gentleman_n in_o a_o passion_n strike_v he_o over_o the_o face_n and_o flee_v but_o next_o day_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o every_o body_n to_o have_v deserve_v death_n for_o his_o insolence_n not_o example_n at_o all_o reply_v the_o good_a prince_n for_o be_v affect_v with_o his_o loss_n and_o not_o
have_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o revenge_v himself_o on_o fortune_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o fall_v foul_a of_o her_o favourite_n and_o moreover_o rather_o blame_v himself_o for_o condescend_v to_o play_v with_o he_o and_o likewise_o thank_v he_o for_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n by_o that_o blow_n how_o unworthy_a it_o be_v for_o a_o prince_n to_o bestow_v his_o time_n so_o ill_o and_o last_o as_o a_o further_a argument_n of_o his_o dissent_v from_o his_o brother_n principle_n he_o return_v the_o courtier_n all_o his_o money_n again_o restore_v miecislaus_fw-la be_v exclude_v retire_v with_o his_o princess_n and_o child_n to_o ratisbon_n to_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n his_o kinsman_n who_o yet_o can_v do_v he_o no_o good_a he_o be_v engage_v at_o that_o time_n in_o war_n both_o in_o italy_n and_o asia_n therefore_o his_o next_o recourse_n be_v to_o his_o brother_n clemency_n this_o so_o far_o wrought_v upon_o casimir_n that_o he_o make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o senate_n to_o recall_v he_o but_o be_v extreme_o blame_v by_o they_o for_o offer_v to_o prefer_v a_o private_a kindness_n to_o the_o public_a safety_n all_o this_o while_n miecislaus_fw-la be_v little_o sensible_a of_o his_o brother_n be_v good_a nature_n though_o he_o afterward_o underhand_o endeavour_v again_o to_o get_v he_o restore_v casimir_n begin_v his_o reign_n by_o ease_v his_o subject_n of_o the_o tax_n his_o brother_n have_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o restrain_v the_o power_n of_o exorbitant_a magistrate_n while_o he_o be_v absent_a in_o russia_n on_o account_n of_o compose_v some_o difference_n by_o instigation_n of_o miecislaus_fw-la some_o of_o the_o noble_n conspire_v against_o he_o and_o endeavour_v to_o reinstate_v miecislaus_fw-la which_o the_o better_a to_o bring_v about_o and_o satisfy_v the_o people_n they_o pretend_v that_o casimir_n be_v poison_v in_o russia_n hereupon_o miecislaus_fw-la ready_o arrive_v in_o poland_n and_o be_v receive_v every_o where_o but_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n which_o bishop_n fulco_n hold_v out_o against_o he_o of_o all_o this_o casimir_n be_v soon_o inform_v by_o assistance_n of_o the_o russian_n overcome_v his_o brother_n and_o give_v both_o he_o and_o his_o army_n their_o life_n which_o goodness_n of_o he_o at_o length_n so_o wrought_v upon_o miecislaus_fw-la that_o he_o never_o after_o aim_v at_o the_o crown_n submit_v after_o casimir_n be_v well_o settle_v be_v not_o unmindful_a of_o the_o rebellious_a prussian_n nor_o of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n henry_n he_o march_v with_o so_o great_a fury_n against_o they_o that_o he_o have_v regard_n neither_o for_o man_n woman_n nor_o child_n but_o put_v great_a number_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v their_o country_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o at_o last_o they_o quiet_o submit_v to_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o poland_n city_n this_o king_n make_v a_o city_n of_o 85._o dantzic_n in_o prussia_n which_o before_o be_v only_o a_o poor_a fisher-town_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n he_o lie_v bury_v at_o cracow_n have_v leave_v two_o son_n lescus_n and_o conrade_n issue_n and_o one_o daughter_n adleida_n he_o live_v to_o the_o age_n of_o six_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o his_o death_n the_o pole_n elect_v his_o son_n 1195._o lescus_n v._o surname_v the_o white_a in_o the_o year_n 1195_o who_o be_v very_o young_a have_v for_o guardian_n his_o mother_n helena_n with_o the_o guardian_n bishop_n and_o palatin_n of_o cracovia_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n his_o uncle_n miecislaus_fw-la be_v yet_o alive_a war_n come_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n of_o pole_n and_o silesian_n to_o dethrone_v he_o and_o gain_v a_o bloody_a battle_n over_o the_o palatin_n of_o cracovia_n who_o command_v lescus_n his_o army_n hereupon_o he_o immediate_o dispatch_v ambassador_n to_o helena_n to_o represent_v to_o she_o his_o unquestionable_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n his_o strength_n the_o disorder_n among_o lescus_n his_o tutor_n who_o be_v too_o young_a be_v not_o able_a of_o himself_o to_o govern_v the_o great_a advantage_n he_o have_v obtain_v in_o the_o late_a battle_n and_o last_o his_o great_a party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n he_o moreover_o desire_v helena_n to_o make_v he_o guardian_n over_o her_o son_n and_o promise_n to_o adopt_v he_o for_o his_o own_o to_o leave_v he_o the_o succession_n after_o his_o death_n and_o that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o but_o what_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o constiution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o these_o dethrone_v proffer_v have_v be_v thorough_o weigh_v by_o 1199._o the_o queen_n and_o council_n at_o last_o miecislaus_fw-la be_v recall_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1199._o after_o have_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o perform_v all_o his_o promise_n but_o be_v once_o reinthron_v he_o soon_o forget_v his_o oath_n and_o fall_v to_o consiscate_v several_a of_o his_o subject_n estage_n and_o give_v they_o to_o other_o say_v 99_o that_o a_o king_n be_v no_o long_o oblige_v to_o keep_v his_o oath_n than_o when_o it_o be_v neither_o safe_a nor_o beneficial_a for_o he_o to_o break_v it_o hereupon_o dethrone_v the_o palatin_n of_o cracovia_n seize_v on_o the_o restore_v city_n of_o cracow_n and_o receive_v lescus_n a_o second_o time_n whilst_o miecislaus_fw-la be_v then_o absent_a by_o all_o the_o intrigue_n imaginable_a endeavour_v to_o be_v restore_v whereupon_o he_o flatter_v the_o people_n persuade_v they_o that_o lescus_n his_o party_n have_v cast_v false_a aspersion_n upon_o he_o and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n he_o be_v mere_o betray_v to_o it_o by_o the_o malicious_a persuasion_n of_o his_o pretend_a friend_n by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a fair_a word_n he_o jull_v asleep_o the_o credulous_a people_n and_o gain_v their_o affection_n the_o three_o time_n whereupon_o he_o send_v to_o the_o queen_n to_o inform_v she_o that_o nicholas_n palatin_n of_o cracovia_n have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o late_a disturbance_n and_o therefore_o will_v she_o to_o remove_v he_o from_o court_n and_o receive_v himself_o again_o which_o she_o pity_v his_o unfortunate_a case_n even_o in_o prejudice_n of_o she_o own_o son_n be_v incline_v to_o do_v and_o will_v therefore_o admit_v of_o no_o justification_n from_o the_o palatin_n whereupon_o this_o person_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n go_v and_o join_v miecislaus_fw-la many_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o in_o short_a the_o queen_n be_v quick_o force_v to_o recall_v miecislaus_fw-la a_o three_o time_n 1202._o in_o the_o year_n 1202._o when_o be_v reinthron_v he_o requite_v queen_n helena_n for_o her_o service_n by_o seize_v upon_o the_o territory_n of_o voslicia_n and_o three_o other_o place_n in_o sendomir_n which_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o she_o and_o be_v about_o to_o do_v the_o same_o to_o several_a other_o he_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o sudden_a death_n in_o the_o seventy_o three_o year_n of_o death_n his_o age_n leave_v two_o son_n otho_n and_o vladislaus_n lasconogus_n after_o miecislaus_fw-la his_o death_n the_o great_a part_n vote_v for_o lescus_n v._o that_o be_v still_o alive_a but_o nicholas_n palatin_n of_o cracovia_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n his_o brother_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o it_o 103._o unless_o lescus_n will_v banish_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n govoric_n palatin_n of_o sendomir_n of_o who_o they_o be_v both_o very_a jealous_a lescus_n answer_v he_o will_v not_o buy_v a_o kingdom_n which_o by_o right_n be_v his_o own_o by_o do_v a_o injury_n to_o his_o friend_n hereupon_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o palatin_n interest_n he_o be_v put_v by_o and_o 1203._o uladislaus_n lasconogus_n that_o be_v thin-foot_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1203._o but_o this_o good_a prince_n consider_v lescus_n his_o right_n after_o crown_n three_o year_n reign_v voluntary_o surrender_v to_o he_o when_o 1206._o lescus_n be_v receive_v the_o three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1206_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1226._o under_o his_o reign_n the_o pole_n hear_v first_o of_o the_o tartar_n a_o barbarous_a nation_n that_o come_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o mount_n imaus_n in_o asia_n who_o make_v eruption_n into_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o the_o frontier_n of_o podolia_n and_o russia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v most_o inveterate_a enemy_n to_o poland_n lescus_n have_v a_o brother_n call_v conrade_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o province_n of_o masovia_n and_o cujavia_n and_o make_v one_o suentopelus_n governor_n of_o pomerania_n whereof_o one_o be_v author_n of_o lescus_n death_n and_o the_o other_o of_o most_o blood_n war_n in_o poland_n for_o this_o suentopelus_n think_v to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a in_o pomerania_n employ_v people_n to_o 92._o murder_n lescus_n which_o they_o not_o long_o after_o effect_v according_o bath_n when_o this_o good_a prince_n be_v in_o a_o bath_n whereupon_o after_o
livonia_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n but_o it_o be_v suspect_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o betray_v that_o king_n for_o soon_o after_o the_o say_v farenbach_n be_v reconcile_v to_o king_n sigismond_n to_o who_o he_o restore_v all_o the_o place_n except_o pernau_n turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1620_o the_o pole_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n foment_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o bethlem_n gabor_n prince_n of_o transilvania_n for_o which_o the_o turk_n afterward_o endeavour_v to_o banish_v that_o prince_n for_o side_v with_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o turk_n march_v with_o their_o whole_a force_n against_o poland_n but_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o pole_n near_o chocim_fw-la under_o the_o command_n of_o prince_n vladistaus_n who_o with_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 65000_o man_n repulse_v above_o 392000_o turk_n command_v by_o their_o emperor_n osman_n in_o person_n the_o turk_n attempt_v three_o time_n to_o force_v the_o polish_v camp_n but_o be_v as_o often_o beat_v back_o with_o loss_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n suffer_v extreme_o for_o want_n of_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n and_o beside_o be_v mighty_o weaken_v by_o sickness_n and_o a_o huge_a mortality_n among_o their_o horse_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o at_o length_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n be_v force_v to_o strike_v up_o a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o they_o after_o have_v lose_v about_o 60000_o man_n in_o the_o several_a attack_n he_o make_v upon_o their_o camp_n and_o a_o great_a number_n in_o his_o march_n back_o to_o constantinople_n adolphus_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n fall_v into_o livonia_n take_v the_o city_n of_o riga_n without_o any_o great_a resistance_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o country_n except_o dunneburgh_n be_v conquer_v likewise_o by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o afterward_o gustavus_n enter_v prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1626._o where_o he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n and_o elbing_n beside_o some_o other_o place_n this_o war_n be_v thus_o carry_v on_o without_o any_o general_a engagement_n till_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o hans_n wrangel_n the_o swedish_n general_n defeat_v the_o pole_n near_o gorzno_n then_o the_o emperor_n send_v some_o force_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o in_o a_o battle_n fight_v near_o stuma_n be_v very_o near_o have_v make_v gustavus_n prisoner_n but_o however_o the_o polish_v affair_n after_o this_o battle_n fall_v into_o great_a confusion_n they_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o truce_n till_o the_o year_n 1634_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o charles_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o lewis_n the_o thirteen_o of_o france_n the_o swede_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v to_o keep_v possession_n of_o elbing_n mcmel_n braunsberg_n pillau_n and_o what_o beside_o they_o have_v take_v in_o livonia_n death_n after_o this_o sigismond_n die_v the_o last_o day_n of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1632_o be_v sixty_o year_n old_a and_o have_v reign_v forty_o four_o character_n 89._o he_o have_v all_o the_o quality_n that_o can_v be_v require_v in_o a_o great_a prince_n he_o love_v justice_n and_o all_o the_o world_n commend_v his_o piety_n he_o be_v always_o of_o a_o even_a temper_n either_o in_o good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n and_o the_o lustre_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n obtain_v when_o he_o be_v but_o young_a together_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n may_v well_o have_v either_o exalt_v or_o debase_v he_o have_v he_o not_o have_v a_o great_a soul_n yet_o among_o all_o these_o good_a quality_n he_o be_v too_o much_o wed_v to_o his_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o misfortune_n that_o happen_v to_o he_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v absent_a when_o his_o father_n sigismond_n fall_v sick_a yet_o he_o arrive_v at_o court_n just_a as_o he_o be_v expire_n who_o presence_n so_o much_o revive_v the_o king_n as_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o put_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n on_o his_o son_n head_n though_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v that_o of_o poland_n to_o chance_n this_o election_n be_v much_o election_n more_o peaceable_a than_o his_o father_n sigismund_n in_o that_o he_o have_v no_o competitor_n to_o oppose_v he_o some_o thought_n gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n have_v a_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n and_o his_o boundless_a ambition_n join_v with_o the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o friend_n the_o lutheran_n disperse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n may_v very_o well_o support_v that_o opinion_n yet_o the_o gentry_n of_o great_a poland_n which_o be_v most_o to_o be_v suspect_v on_o account_n of_o conformity_n in_o religion_n with_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o strive_v to_o exclude_v he_o for_o they_o declare_v those_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n that_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o dare_v to_o propose_v he_o likewise_o at_o another_o assembly_n a_o palatin_n offer_v but_o to_o insinuate_v that_o it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n the_o gentry_n be_v so_o unanimous_o offend_v at_o he_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o retire_v betimes_o to_o avoid_v their_o fury_n also_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v then_o too_o many_o iron_n in_o the_o fire_n to_o draw_v any_o more_o enemy_n upon_o his_o back_n competitor_n john_n casimir_n brother_n to_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v likewise_o suspect_v to_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o this_o conjecture_n have_v a_o more_o plausible_a foundation_n than_o the_o former_a these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o son_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o yet_o have_v they_o not_o the_o same_o mother_n that_o of_o casimir_n do_v all_o she_o can_v to_o advance_v her_o son_n to_o the_o throne_n at_o the_o diet_n meet_v at_o thorn_n she_o endeavour_v to_o have_v a_o successor_n elect_v whilst_o the_o king_n be_v live_v whereupon_o she_o employ_v a_o certain_a bishop_n to_o propose_v her_o son_n but_o with_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v so_o extreme_o incense_v that_o they_o will_v have_v immediate_o try_v that_o prelate_n for_o infringe_v the_o public_a liberty_n have_v not_o more_o weighty_a affair_n intervene_v which_o cause_v they_o to_o lay_v those_o intention_n aside_o during_o this_o prince_n casimir_n do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o satisfy_v the_o public_a that_o he_o have_v no_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n but_o that_o all_o his_o aim_n be_v to_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n call_v the_o primate_n john_n vezik_n have_v notify_v the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n convene_v the_o diet_n on_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o june_n where_o the_o lutheran_n continue_v their_o cabal_n and_o faction_n as_o former_o but_o do_v not_o favour_v any_o of_o vladislaus_n his_o competitor_n as_o before_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n be_v fix_v for_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o september_n in_o the_o same_o year_n whither_o the_o gentry_n all_o flock_v at_o the_o time_n appoint_v but_o that_o more_o to_o ingratiate_v themselves_o in_o their_o prince_n vladislaus_n favour_n than_o to_o sell_v their_o suffrage_n one_o thing_n be_v propose_v at_o this_o diet_n which_o have_v it_o be_v follow_v may_v have_v deliver_v the_o kingdom_n from_o great_a oppression_n this_o be_v to_o digest_v the_o law_n into_o a_o code_n and_o to_o get_v the_o king_n elect_v to_o confirm_v it_o also_o to_o reform_v the_o many_o abuse_v creep_v into_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n but_o this_o be_v too_o vigorous_o oppose_v by_o the_o interest_v party_n and_o therefore_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v let_v fall_n election_n hereupon_o the_o diet_n devote_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o election_n prince_n casimir_n first_o propose_v his_o brothervladislaus_n which_o henry_n firley_n bishop_n of_o premislia_n second_v by_o a_o speech_n to_o this_o purpose_n that_o though_o that_o assembly_n have_v a_o right_a to_o elect_v who_o they_o please_v yet_o they_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o particular_a regard_n to_o the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n that_o every_o body_n there_o acknowledge_v the_o candidate_n to_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n of_o jagello_n that_o even_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o father_n plead_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o son_n that_o uladislaus_n his_o own_o conquest_n have_v sufficient_o testify_v his_o valour_n and_o last_o that_o a_o favourable_a result_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o that_o assembly_n since_o each_o know_v as_o much_o of_o the_o merit_n of_o that_o prince_n as_o he_o this_o be_v courteous_o answer_v by_o the_o primate_n after_o which_o they_o proceed_v to_o admit_v the_o ambassador_n admit_v first_o honorius_n visconti_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n have_v audience_n who_o be_v place_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o primate_n first_o desire_v the_o assembly_n to_o choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n and_o then_o recommend_v prince_n vladislaus_n next_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n
endue_v with_o the_o warlike_a spirit_n of_o his_o predecessor_n for_o in_o his_o time_n the_o turk_n not_o only_o overrun_v podolia_n but_o also_o take_v its_o capital_a city_n caminiec_n and_o peace_n likewise_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o dishonourable_a article_n of_o peace_n whereby_o michael_n be_v to_o pay_v the_o turk_n a_o annual_a tribute_n the_o far_a particular_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v as_o follow_v sobleski_n make_v great_a marshal_n and_o crown-general_n by_o casimir_n for_o have_v always_o adhere_v to_o his_o interest_n present_v king_n michael_n when_o elect_v with_o a_o coach_n and_o six_o horse_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o custom_n only_o for_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v sobieski_n be_v his_o enemy_n the_o king_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o haughty_a mother_n refuse_v the_o present_a which_o the_o general_n great_o resent_v seek_v all_o manner_n of_o way_n to_o be_v revenge_v on_o he_o and_o in_o order_n thereto_o frequent_o cabal_v with_o the_o gentry_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n against_o he_o and_o at_o length_n oblige_v the_o diet_n to_o be_v dissolve_v without_o conclude_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o advantage_n while_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o be_o positive_o assure_v he_o keep_v intelligence_n with_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o take_n of_o caminiec_n and_o besiege_v of_o leopol_n mr._n james_n walker_n a_o scots-man_n who_o be_v in_o the_o city_n when_o besiege_v and_o be_v now_o in_o london_n tell_v i_o late_o that_o there_o be_v 90000_o turk_n 20000_o tartar_n and_o 10000_o cosack_n and_o moldavian_n at_o that_o siege_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1672_o all_o which_o begirted_a the_o town_n close_o play_v continual_o upon_o it_o from_o five_o battery_n the_o governor_n that_o hold_v out_o against_o they_o be_v one_o lonsky_n a_o colonel_n of_o dragoon_n who_o have_v as_o mr._n walker_n assure_v i_o but_o five_o hundred_o of_o his_o man_n in_o garrison_n without_o any_o horse_n beside_o 1100_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o arm_n with_o these_o lonski_n defend_v himself_o vigorous_o insomuch_o that_o what_o by_o the_o correspondence_n he_o keep_v with_o the_o christian_n in_o the_o turkish_a army_n and_o by_o the_o bravery_n of_o his_o own_o man_n he_o maintain_v his_o defence_n three_o week_n when_o the_o king_n send_v count_n morstin_n and_o other_o commissioner_n to_o treat_v with_o caplan_n bassa_n general_n of_o the_o turk_n who_o agree_v that_o for_o raise_v the_o siege_n the_o king_n shall_v pay_v 22000_o gold_n ducat_n yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o grand_a signior_n 100000_o lion-dollar_n down_o on_o the_o nail_n to_o save_v the_o city_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n pay_v 10000_o present_o and_o the_o public_a be_v to_o pay_v the_o rest_n this_o they_o give_v eight_o hostage_n to_o perform_v who_o be_v keep_v prisoner_n at_o caminiec_n and_o die_v there_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o debt_n contract_v for_o be_v never_o pay_v beside_o the_o turk_n be_v to_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o caminiec_n and_o all_o podolia_n but_o general_n sobieski_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cabal_n party_n be_v ashamed_a of_o this_o dishonourable_a treaty_n come_v to_o a_o better_a understanding_n among_o themselves_o and_o side_v with_o the_o king_n to_o recover_v what_o have_v be_v lose_v podolia_n hereupon_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n march_v direct_o towards_o podolia_n to_o retake_v it_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v command_v by_o general_n sobieski_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o duchy_n by_o general_n patz_n these_o two_o general_n soon_o obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n over_o the_o turk_n near_o kochim_n five_o league_n from_o caminiec_n by_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o moldavian_n and_o valachian_n who_o never_o hitherto_o signalise_v themselves_o but_o persidious_o which_o yet_o prove_v very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v then_o in_o want_n of_o every_o thing_n but_o courage_n caplan_n bassa_n command_v the_o turkish_a army_n be_v join_v by_o the_o moldavian_a troop_n head_v by_o their_o hospodar_n but_o the_o former_a be_v displease_v with_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o latter_a his_o soldier_n be_v not_o so_o many_o as_o he_o expect_v and_o those_o not_o well_o equipt_v strike_v he_o over_o the_o head_n with_o his_o scimitar_n which_o the_o hospodar_n high_o resent_v resolve_v upon_o revenge_n which_o he_o afterward_o effect_v by_o desert_v the_o turk_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o valachian_n who_o take_v his_o part_n and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o pole_n this_o mighty_o facilitated_a sobieski_n entry_n into_o the_o enemy_n camp_n which_o gain_v he_o a_o complete_a conquer_v victory_n this_o defeat_n have_v doubtless_o put_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n into_o a_o good_a condition_n have_v the_o general_n sufficient_o pursue_v it_o but_o as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o unfortunate_a custom_n of_o the_o pole_n they_o immediate_o withdraw_v their_o design_n troop_n into_o their_o country_n and_o so_o have_v since_o leave_v the_o turk_n in_o full_a possession_n of_o podolia_n this_o famous_a battle_n begin_v upon_o saturday_n and_o be_v scarce_o full_o over_o in_o three_o day_n some_o few_o day_n before_o this_o victory_n obtain_v king_n michael_n die_v at_o leopol_n november_n the_o 10_o the_o death_n 1673_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v poison_v by_o a_o frenchman_n at_o zamoisk_n be_v about_o 32_o year_n old_a and_o have_v reign_v about_o four_o year_n leave_v the_o pole_n less_o afflict_v at_o his_o death_n than_o ashamed_a at_o the_o bad_a choice_n they_o have_v make_v of_o he_o for_o their_o prince_n this_o prince_n not_o long_o before_o he_o die_v have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o see_v a_o aga_n come_v from_o the_o grand_a signior_n to_o demand_v tribute_n of_o he_o who_o bring_v he_o from_o his_o master_n a_o commander_n staff_n and_o a_o turkish_a vest_n both_o be_v badge_n of_o vassalage_n he_o leave_v no_o child_n though_o his_o issue_n queen_n who_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o charles_n late_a duke_n of_o lorain_n have_v since_o have_v several_a she_o be_v late_o dead_a and_o in_o my_o travel_n from_o italy_n to_o germany_n reside_v at_o inspruck_a the_o capital_a town_n of_o tyrol_n where_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o kiss_v her_o majesty_n hand_n be_v introduce_v by_o my_o lord_n carlingford_n her_o brother_n the_o emperor_n allow_v she_o and_o her_o child_n a_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o county_n of_o tyrol_n for_o she_o receive_v nothing_o either_o out_o of_o poland_n or_o lorain_n the_o latter_a have_v be_v hitherto_o in_o the_o french_a hand_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o former_a be_v that_o when_o the_o queen_n dowager_n marry_v she_o forfeit_v her_o pension_n settle_v upon_o she_o by_o the_o diet_n at_o the_o king_n coronation_n 110._o story_n a_o odd_a story_n go_v of_o a_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v in_o this_o king_n reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1670_o at_o vilna_n in_o â—â—ithuania_fw-mi with_o a_o golden_a tooth_n which_o be_v esteem_v true_o such_o by_o all_o the_o physician_n surgeon_n and_o goldsmith_n about_o that_o city_n be_v also_o try_v on_o the_o touchstone_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o place_n but_o what_o be_v yet_o more_o wonderful_a that_o child_n have_v a_o fever_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1673_o his_o golden_a tooth_n be_v change_v into_o bone_n how_o worthy_a this_o be_v of_o credit_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o judicious_a naturalist_n i_o have_v only_o this_o to_o say_v for_o myself_o that_o i_o find_v it_o in_o a_o authentic_a author_n king_n michael_n be_v dead_a be_v succeed_v by_o john_n sobieski_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o the_o guard_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n to_o king_n john_n casimir_n whilst_o he_o have_v these_o employment_n he_o marry_a prince_n zamoski_n widow_n who_o have_v 10000_o rix_n dollar_n leave_v she_o for_o a_o jointure_n by_o the_o contrivance_n and_o 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gules_a palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o kalisch_n in_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n kalisch_n metropolis_n and_o castellany_n kolo_n land_n naklo_n odolanovia_n chocia_n stave_n cosmin_n dohra_n grabow_n opatovec_fw-fr and_o plesovia_n kalisch_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v kalisch_n build_v among_o marsh_n upon_o the_o river_n prosna_n and_o fortify_v only_o with_o a_o brickwall_n and_o some_o low_a tower_n it_o have_v in_o it_o some_o religious_a house_n and_o a_o very_a magnificent_a college_n for_o jesuit_n found_v by_o stanislaw_n karncovius_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n here_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o strong_a castle_n remain_v which_o have_v former_o be_v destroy_v by_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n kolo_n kolo_n a_o timber-built_a town_n wall_v with_o mud_n and_o dirt_n at_o certain_a time_n it_o be_v encompass_v and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n wart_n near_o which_o it_o be_v build_v it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o kalisch_n land_n land_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o wart_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o gnesna_n naklo_n naklo_n a_o timber_a town_n near_o the_o lake_n goplo_n with_o a_o wall_a castle_n situate_a among_o the_o marsh_n odolanovia_n odolanovia_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v likewise_o among_o the_o marsh_n chocia_n chocia_n in_o which_o andrew_n lipski_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n found_v a_o collegiate_n church_n with_o vast_a expense_n the_o other_o town_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v not_o very_o considerable_a and_o therefore_o be_v omit_v kalisch_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o kalisch_n the_o castellan_n of_o land_n naklo_n and_o kamin_n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n it_o be_v arms._n be_v a_o buffaloes_n head_n erase_v sables_n with_o a_o crown_n between_o his_o horn_n all_o in_o a_o checkey_z field_n argent_fw-fr and_o gules_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o siradia_n situate_v along_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la or_o wart_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o siradia_n schadkow_n radomsko_n and_o petricovia_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o siradia_n cap._n rosprza_n spicemir_n petricovia_n konarzew_n wart_n lask_n vidavia_n and_o pabianice_n siradia_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v siradia_n situate_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v on_o the_o wart_n subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o follow_a city_n and_o to_n rosprza_n rosprza_n a_o timber_a town_n seat_v among_o the_o marsh_n spicimir_n spicimir_n a_o town_n build_v likewise_o with_o wood._n petricovia_n petricovia_n a_o wall_v city_n by_o no_o mean_n inconsiderable_a situate_a among_o rivulet_n and_o bog_n once_o a_o year_n one_o of_o the_o great_a tribunal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n in_o one_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n not_o far_o off_o there_o be_v another_o palace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v call_v byki_n of_o a_o regular_a structure_n whither_o his_o majesty_n with_o his_o court_n sometime_o retire_v for_o his_o pleasure_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tribuaal_n there_o be_v several_a other_o eminent_a edifice_n build_v about_o this_o city_n belong_v to_o bishop_n and_o other_o great_a man_n among_o which_o the_o most_o famous_a be_v the_o abbey_n of_o vitrovia_n and_o the_o palace_n of_o crusman_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n konarzew_n konarzew_o a_o town_n of_o no_o great_a importance_n wart_n wart_z a_o large_a city_n build_v upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lask_n lask_n where_o former_o johannes_n lascus_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n found_v a_o collegiate_n church_n and_o rich_o endow_v it_o at_o his_o own_o cost_v to_o this_o palatinate_n also_o belong_v the_o territory_n of_o vielunia_n vielunia_n which_o have_v a_o castellan_n and_o other_o magistrate_n of_o its_o own_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n viz._n vielunia_n and_o ostresow_n both_o which_o contain_v some_o town_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n vielunia_n the_o principal_a of_o the_o town_n be_v boleslaw_n which_o be_v defend_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n vielun_n environ_v with_o a_o high_a wall_n and_o a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n have_v likewise_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o river_n prosna_n its_o building_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n whereof_o there_o be_v several_a very_o stately_a ostresow_n a_o timber-built_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o silesia_n situate_v in_o a_o very_a large_a plain_n and_o encompass_v almost_o every_o way_n with_o wood_n in_o this_o palatinate_n the_o gentry_n former_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o seal_v their_o letter_n with_o red_a wax_n which_o be_v only_o allow_v to_o the_o senator_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o which_o they_o obtain_v by_o recover_v the_o standard_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi after_o it_o have_v be_v lose_v to_o the_o prussian_n and_o teutonick_n knight_n siradia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o siradia_n the_o castellan_n of_o rosprza_n spicimir_n and_o konarzew_a arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v in_o a_o field_n vert_fw-fr a_o lion_n gules_a and_o eagle_n sables_n both_o counter-couped_a in_o the_o middle_n vielunia_n the_o territory_n of_o vielunia_n have_v its_o own_o ensign_n which_o be_v a_o agnus_n dei_fw-la with_o a_o cross_n argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n guile_n palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o rava_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o rava_n sochaczow_n and_o gostinin_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o rava_n cap._n lowitz_n volboria_n gombin_n sochaczow_n gostinin_n viasdum_fw-la and_o biala_n rava_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v rava_n situate_v in_o a_o plain_a build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o wood_n and_o tolerable_o populous_a it_o have_v a_o castle_n on_o a_o small_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o which_o prisoner_n of_o the_o best_a rank_n be_v keep_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o this_o castle_n go_v towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o same_o constitution_n be_v in_o podolia_n where_o former_a king_n think_v fit_a to_o establish_v the_o best_a guard_n they_o can_v against_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n in_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a considerable_a college_n of_o jesuit_n much_o visit_v by_o learned_a men._n lowitz_n lowitz_n a_o city_n much_o more_o populous_a than_o the_o former_a and_o about_o five_o mile_n distant_a from_o it_o it_o be_v famous_a for_o be_v sometime_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o primate_n of_o poland_n his_o palace_n there_o be_v build_v among_o the_o marsh_n yet_o nevertheless_o consist_v of_o several_a fair_a pile_n of_o building_n the_o church_n also_o be_v a_o beautiful_a structure_n and_o enrich_v with_o several_a noble_a gift_n it_o have_v likewise_o a_o great_a many_o considerable_a monastery_n abbey_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o city_n be_v divers_a famous_a fair_n keep_v which_o the_o gentry_n very_o much_o frequent_v from_o all_o part_n volboria_n volboria_n a_o town_n wherein_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n common_o reside_v and_o where_o he_o have_v a_o noble_a palace_n this_o place_n be_v also_o very_o populous_a gombin_n gombin_n a_o large_a timber-built_a town_n situate_v in_o a_o plain_n sochaczow_n sochaczow_n a_o place_n defend_v with_o palisades_n and_o a_o castle_n build_v on_o a_o rock_n which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o river_n bsura_n gostinin_n gostinin_n a_o wooden_a city_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a among_o marsh_n this_o place_n be_v famous_a for_o have_v in_o it_o the_o prison_n where_o demetrius_n suski_n the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v keep_v for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o where_o he_o at_o length_n die_v viasdum_fw-la viasdum_fw-la remarkable_a for_o its_o strength_n and_o beauty_n of_o its_o castle_n and_o situate_v not_o far_o from_o rava_n on_o the_o lefthand_n biala_n biala_n a_o town_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge this_o palatinate_n contain_v likewise_o a_o noble_a palace_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n call_v squernevicid_n rava_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o rava_n the_o castellan_n of_o sochaczow_n and_o gostinin_n arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n sables_n with_o the_o letter_n r_o on_o his_o breast_n in_o a_o field_n gules_a palatinate_n the_o five_o palatinate_n of_o great_a poland_n be_v that_o of_o lanschet_fw-mi divide_v likewise_o into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi brezini_fw-la and_o orlow_n in_o all_o which_o the_o most_o considerable_a
rest_n near_o cracow_n it_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o he_o to_o imprison_v dclinquents_n there_o czentochova_n czentochova_n a_o town_n famous_a for_o good_a beer_n which_o be_v not_o only_o fetch_v from_o all_o part_n of_o poland_n but_o also_o from_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o germany_n without_o this_o place_n be_v a_o very_a famous_a monastery_n situate_v upon_o a_o hill_n where_o be_v a_o picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n say_v to_o be_v paint_v by_o saint_n luke_n and_o to_o which_o pilgrim_n from_o all_o part_n come_v to_o make_v their_o offering_n we_o go_v upon_o our_o journey_n from_o silesia_n to_o cracow_n to_o see_v this_o convent_n where_o they_o show_v we_o vast_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n plate_n of_o rich_a ornament_n for_o altar_n and_o habit_n enrich_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o jewel_n particular_o with_o pearl_n for_o the_o great_a family_n in_o poland_n think_v it_o a_o mighty_a honour_n for_o their_o posterity_n to_o have_v give_v any_o thing_n of_o value_n to_o this_o place_n to_o be_v a_o monument_n of_o their_o devotion_n as_o well_o as_o liberality_n the_o monk_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o great_a many_o miracle_n that_o be_v wrought_v here_o with_o which_o they_o work_v such_o effect_n upon_o the_o mind_n of_o those_o credulous_a people_n that_o they_o scruple_n not_o to_o impoverish_v themselves_o to_o enrich_v this_o place_n not_o only_o the_o church_n be_v very_o rich_a but_o likewise_o the_o monk_n be_v master_n of_o a_o great_a territory_n round_o about_o it_o and_o they_o maintain_v a_o garrison_n of_o 300_o man_n upon_o their_o own_o charge_n who_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o any_o other_o soldier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o can_v compare_v this_o place_n to_o none_o more_o proper_o than_o loretto_n in_o italy_n both_o for_o wealth_n and_o bigotry_n slaucovia_n slaucovia_n in_o the_o same_o duchy_n famous_a for_o silver_n mine_n which_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o this_o bishop_n ilcussia_n near_o to_o this_o city_n lie_v ilcussia_n a_o royal_a town_n abound_v also_o with_o silver_n and_o lead_n its_o citizen_n be_v very_o luxurious_a but_o notwithstanding_o no_o less_o devout_a this_o town_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o its_o house_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o brick_n the_o bread_n here_o be_v extraordinary_a and_o beef_n not_o to_o be_v equal_v in_o cracow_n whence_o it_o be_v scarce_o distant_a above_o five_o miles_n on_o the_o eastern_a side_n of_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n lie_v velisca_n or_o wieliczka_n not_o above_o two_o or_o wieliczka_n three_o mile_n from_o thence_o a_o town_n abound_v with_o crystal_n salt_n but_o which_o be_v not_o so_o transparent_a as_o that_o of_o bochnia_n bochnia_n about_o five_o mile_n from_o cracow_n where_o salt_n be_v dug_n out_o in_o great_a mass_n and_o exceed_v clear_a dobcitia_fw-la next_o towards_o hungary_n lie_v dobcitia_n a_o strong_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n proszovice_n to_o the_o north_n of_o cracow_n lie_v proszovice_n a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a where_o there_o be_v a_o palace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v raise_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n sozeniava_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o cracow_n in_o which_o be_v keep_v a_o provincial_a diet._n there_o be_v several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n belong_v to_o nobleman_n as_o likewise_o a_o great_a number_n of_o castle_n palace_n religious_a house_n etc._n etc._n of_o no_o ordinary_a structure_n in_o this_o palatinate_n but_o all_o which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o have_v omit_v poland_n this_o palatinate_n excel_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o mine_n except_o that_o of_o sendomir_n only_o silver_n and_o lead_n be_v find_v about_o ilcussia_n slaucovia_n severia_n and_o novogora_n and_o copper_n and_o gold_n at_o novotargus_n and_o in_o the_o mountain_n about_o sandecz_n mineral_n salt_n like_v to_o huge_a mass_n of_o stone_n at_o bochna_n and_o wieliczka_n marble_n of_o all_o colour_n at_o selecia_n belong_v to_o the_o barefooted_a friar_n nitre_n at_o wislicz_n vitriol_n at_o becia_n pit-coal_n at_o tencinum_n iron-mine_a and_o glass-house_n at_o obstinia_n as_o likewise_o at_o several_a other_o place_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o i_o shall_v give_v your_o lordship_n a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o will_v be_v of_o salt_n and_o glass_n which_o i_o have_v take_v from_o my_o observation_n in_o the_o country_n that_o of_o salt_n proper_o come_v in_o here_o mine_n you_o go_v down_o into_o the_o salt_n mine_n near_o cracow_n by_o four_o or_o five_o pair_n of_o wooden_a stair_n by_o which_o you_o go_v from_o one_o into_o the_o other_o the_o horse_n also_o descend_v the_o same_o way_n the_o whole_a depth_n of_o this_o mine_n be_v think_v to_o be_v near_o three_o hundred_o geometrical_a pace_n below_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o a_o thousand_o turn_n and_o wind_n and_o many_o alley_n and_o street_n like_v to_o a_o town_n all_o which_o the_o proprietor_n and_o hereditary_a governor_n mounseur_fw-fr morstin_n covalski_n tell_v i_o will_v require_v above_o a_o week_n time_n to_o go_v over_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fresh_a water_n in_o these_o mine_n which_o the_o miner_n drink_v but_o in_o most_o it_o be_v salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v salt_n by_o evaporation_n but_o still_o the_o best_a sort_n be_v that_o which_o be_v natural_a without_o preparation_n sometime_o there_o be_v such_o fierce_a wind_n in_o these_o mine_n that_o nothing_o almost_o can_v withstand_v they_o and_o general_o there_o be_v so_o much_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v endure_v whilst_o it_o rain_v the_o salt_n be_v common_o insipid_a they_o have_v engine_n to_o crane_n up_o the_o water_n that_o it_o may_v not_o any_o way_n incommode_v the_o miner_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o my_o amount_n to_o about_o eight_o hundred_o thousand_o timf_n or_o polish_v florin_n annual_o which_o make_v about_o 400000_o french_a livre_n whereof_o 50000_o go_v to_o the_o king_n 10000_o to_o the_o queen_n and_o some_o thousand_o more_o to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o miner_n and_o other_o labourer_n yet_o over_o and_o above_o all_o this_o the_o proprietor_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v a_o yearly_a present_n to_o all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o poland_n and_o more_o particular_o to_o their_o starostas_n a_o cobbler_n about_o the_o year_n 1548_o first_o find_v out_o this_o mine_n who_o dig_v a_o well_o near_o this_o place_n perceive_v a_o fountain_n with_o a_o thin_a wall_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o which_o break_v and_o not_o know_v what_o to_o make_v of_o he_o discover_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v then_o the_o family_n of_o morstin_n who_o dig_v deep_o by_o reason_n they_o do_v not_o meet_v with_o much_o salt_n near_o the_o surface_n find_v it_o in_o so_o great_a quantity_n that_o they_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o exhaust_v it_o during_o the_o space_n of_o 150_o year_n the_o miner_n say_v that_o the_o lump_n of_o salt_n weigh_v a_o great_a deal_n less_o in_o the_o mine_n than_o when_o take_v out_o which_o i_o have_v not_o see_v confirm_v there_o be_v four_o sort_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o mine_n whereof_o one_o be_v extreme_a hard_a and_o rocky_a like_a crystal_n another_o less_o hard_a and_o clear_a a_o three_o brittle_a and_o soft_a as_o also_o white_a and_o pure_a all_o these_o three_o sort_n be_v brackish_a when_o the_o four_o only_o be_v somewhat_o fresh_a in_o these_o mine_n you_o shall_v have_v on_o one_o side_n a_o stream_n of_o salt_n water_n and_o on_o the_o other_o one_o of_o fresh_a there_o be_v some_o place_n in_o these_o mine_n where_o you_o can_v work_v because_o you_o dare_v not_o carry_v a_o candle_n for_o fear_n of_o set_v the_o vapour_n on_o fire_n which_o be_v always_o nitrous_a and_o easy_o susceptible_a of_o flame_n find_v in_o this_o palatinate_n and_o in_o some_o other_o there_o be_v a_o particular_a sort_n of_o manna_n which_o they_o gather_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n by_o sweep_v it_o off_o the_o grass_n with_o sives_z together_o with_o the_o dew_n they_o eat_v this_o manna_n and_o make_v several_a sort_n of_o dish_n with_o it_o for_o their_o table_n more_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o hereafter_o of_o the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v cracovia_n the_o bishop_n castellan_n and_o palatin_a of_o cracow_n the_o castellan_n of_o wounitz_n oswieczin_n sandecz_n and_o biecz_n power_n the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n precede_v the_o palatin_n for_o reason_n give_v before_o in_o the_o life_n of_o boleslaus_n iii_o otherwise_o call_v krivoustus_n this_o palatin_n jurisdiction_n be_v very_o large_a and_o extend_v several_a way_n not_o only_o over_o the_o citizen_n and_o countryman_n but_o also_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n of_o his_o palatinate_n
present_a prussian_n be_v a_o mix_a people_n spring_v from_o the_o several_a colony_n of_o the_o swede_n pole_n german_n and_o other_o neighbour_a nation_n prussia_n regal_a or_o royal_a prussia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n culm_n marienburg_n and_o varmia_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n pomerania_n be_v not_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n require_v no_o description_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v that_o of_o culm_n to_o which_o also_o the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n lie_v to_o the_o south_n belong_v and_o have_v in_o it_o these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n culm_n bish_n &_o cap._n thorn_n graudentz_n colmensee_n brodnicz_n radin_n golubia_n rogozna_fw-la brathian_n lubavia_n and_o kopriunicza_n culm_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v culm_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a place_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n the_o foot_n whereof_o be_v water_v by_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o lie_v about_o four_o german_a mile_n from_o thorn_n to_o the_o south_n and_o fifteen_o from_o dantzic_n to_o the_o north._n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o the_o year_n 1223_o who_o likewise_o fortify_v it_o against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o heathen_a prussian_n and_o herman_n desalza_n master_n of_o that_o order_n give_v law_n and_o constitution_n for_o its_o government_n this_o city_n suffer_v much_o damage_n during_o the_o swedish_n invasion_n and_o be_v now_o very_o thin_a of_o inhabitant_n insomuch_o that_o the_o episcopal_n see_v subject_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n remove_v to_o the_o neighbour_a town_n of_o colmensee_n it_o have_v in_o it_o very_o fair_a church_n enrich_v with_o many_o valuable_a ornament_n and_o precious_a offering_n thorn_n thorn_n seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n by_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n it_o lie_v four_o polish_v miles_n from_o culm_n to_o the_o south_n thirteen_o from_o marienburg_n twenty_o two_o from_o dantzic_n fifteen_o from_o lanschet_fw-mi and_o twenty_o nine_o from_o warsaw_n it_o be_v heretofore_o a_o imperial_a and_o free_a city_n but_o be_v afterward_o exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o as_o yet_o enjoy_v very_o many_o privilege_n it_o be_v name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v from_o the_o german_a word_n thor_n signify_v a_o gate_n because_o build_v by_o the_o teutonick_n order_n as_o it_o be_v for_o a_o gate_n to_o let_v force_n into_o prussia_n whenever_o occasion_n serve_v whence_o its_o arm_n be_v suppose_v arms._n to_o have_v be_v take_v be_v a_o castle_n and_o gate_n half_o open_a this_o city_n do_v not_o stand_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o old_a one_o do_v that_o have_v be_v seat_v a_o mile_n westward_o from_o hence_o where_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a castle_n and_o some_o other_o monument_n however_o this_o city_n at_o present_a be_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a build_v of_o any_o in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o street_n be_v much_o broad_a and_o house_n more_o stately_a than_o at_o dantzic_n it_o be_v very_o much_o beautisied_a by_o one_o of_o its_o burgermaster_n henry_n stwband_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o who_o build_v a_o small_a university_n here_o and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n he_o likewise_o found_v a_o hospital_n and_o a_o public_a library_n where_o two_o of_o cicero_n epistle_n be_v preserve_v write_v upon_o table_n of_o wax_n and_o a_o townhouse_n build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o marketplace_n the_o inhabitant_n revolt_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o the_o year_n 1454_o and_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n copernicus_n in_o this_o city_n the_o famous_a astronomer_n nicholas_n copernicus_n be_v bear_v and_o john_n albert_n king_n of_o poland_n die_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1501._o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o regain_v by_o the_o pole_n in_o 1658._o afterward_o the_o swede_n recover_v it_o and_o the_o pole_n surprise_v and_o retake_v it_o in_o 1665._o graudentz_n graudentz_n only_o famous_a for_o a_o castle_n and_o very_o strong_a wall_n colmensee_n colmensee_n or_o culmensee_n the_o episcopal_a seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n translate_v hither_o from_o culm_n it_o be_v distant_a nine_o mile_n from_o thorn_n to_o the_o north_n nineteen_o from_o graudentz_n and_o twelve_o from_o culm_n to_o the_o southeast_n michalovia_n the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n be_v a_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n between_o the_o river_n brodna_n and_o drebnicz_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o bloody_a war_n between_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n and_o pole_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v michalovia_n which_o with_o some_o other_o that_o be_v in_o this_o territory_n deserve_v no_o description_n palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v that_o of_o marienburg_n in_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz_o marienburg_n cap._n elbing_n stuma_n mewa_n gniew_n now_o stargardie_o and_o ornet_fw-la marienburg_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v marienburg_n seat_v upon_o the_o nogat_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o vistula_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o dantzic_n it_o be_v defend_v by_o strong_a wall_n and_o high_a tower_n together_o with_o a_o very_a large_a castle_n wherein_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o prisoner_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v keep_v this_o city_n receive_v no_o small_a benefit_n from_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o island_n zulava_n which_o be_v a_o very_a rich_a spot_n of_o earth_n this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n viz._n 1._o the_o great_a which_o lie_v next_o marienburg_n and_o 2._o the_o lesser_a next_o to_o dantzic_n to_o who_o inhabitant_n at_o present_a belong_v elbing_n elbing_n a_o well_o fortify_v and_o trade_a town_n in_o which_o the_o english_a they_o say_v have_v former_o a_o consul_n here_o albert_n first_o duke_n of_o prussia_n found_v a_o academy_n in_o the_o year_n 1542._o but_o of_o no_o great_a moment_n the_o other_o town_n i_o find_v no_o description_n of_o palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o varmia_n who_o gentry_n be_v exempt_a from_o all_o regal_a jurisdiction_n be_v whole_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o prussia_n and_o by_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o temporal_a prince_n it_o have_v in_o it_o these_o city_n and_o town_n heilsberg_n cap._n fraumberg_n brunsberg_n gutestadt_n allestein_n resla_n vormitz_n messac_n vatemberg_n seberg_n etc._n etc._n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v heilsberg_n heilsberg_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o defend_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o other_o suitable_a fortification_n fraumberg_n fraumberg_n celebrate_v for_o the_o cathedral_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o varmia_n there_o build_v of_o which_o the_o famous_a astronomer_n copernicus_n be_v canon_n brunsberg_n brunsberg_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n passar_n so_o much_o frequent_v and_o so_o worthy_o esteem_v that_o it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a town_n of_o prussia_n it_o have_v a_o college_n of_o jesuit_n build_v by_o cardinal_n hosius_n there_o be_v several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o which_o i_o find_v no_o description_n and_o therefore_o have_v omit_v they_o prussia_n ducal_z prussia_n now_o entire_o belong_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v these_o town_n in_o it_o viz._n koningsberg_n cap._n pilaw_n memel_fw-la welaw_n tilsa_n marienwerder_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o number_n of_o 60._o koningsberg_n the_o metropolis_n koningsberg_n be_v a_o market_n town_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o very_a considerable_a castle_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o 43_o d_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 54_o of_o latitude_n and_o have_v a_o small_a academy_n found_v by_o albert_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o first_o duke_n of_o this_o country_n in_o the_o year_n 1544._o the_o citizen_n be_v general_o lutheran_n as_o be_v likewise_o most_o part_n of_o this_o country_n which_o occasion_v sigismond_n iii_o when_o he_o receive_v homage_n of_o this_o duke_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o to_o impose_v a_o law_n that_o the_o catholic_n shall_v have_v free_a exercise_n for_o their_o religion_n there_o prussia_n the_o senator_n of_o prussia_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o culm_n the_o palatine_n of_o marienburg_n and_o pomerania_n the_o castellan_n of_o elbing_n and_o dantzic_n there_o be_v other_o officer_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o senate_n or_o great_a council_n of_o prussia_n which_o they_o hold_v among_o themselves_o except_o when_o they_o be_v command_v to_o the_o grand_a diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o be_v the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o culm_n marienburg_n pomerania_n thorn_n elbing_n and_o dantzic_n beside_o these_o
several_a magistrate_n the_o prussian_n have_v also_o a_o treasurer_n burgraves_n of_o castle_n sword-bearer_n judge_n and_o sheriff_n but_o none_o of_o all_o these_o have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o council_n the_o palatine_n of_o prussia_n have_v far_o great_a power_n than_o those_o in_o any_o other_o province_n of_o poland_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o prussia_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v sables_n with_o a_o sword_n evaginate_v and_o hold_v by_o a_o dexter_a hand_n argent_fw-fr both_o in_o a_o field_n or._n province_n the_o four_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v red-russia_n red_a russia_n the_o other_o be_v white_a russia_n and_o belong_v to_o lithuania_n this_o province_n extent_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o frontier_n of_o lithuania_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n in_o the_o black_a sea_n which_o river_n separate_v it_o from_o moscovy_n to_o the_o east_n as_o likewise_o do_v the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o hungary_n to_o the_o south-west_n it_o be_v extreme_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n beast_n of_o all_o kind_n fish_n and_o honey_n in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v several_a tree_n daily_o find_v along_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o river_n san_n which_o be_v very_o hard_a and_o black_a as_o ebony_n the_o country_n people_n say_v they_o have_v lie_v there_o ever_o since_o the_o deluge_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o may_v have_v be_v wash_v down_o by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n a_o great_a while_n since_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o hungary_n moldavia_n and_o bessarabia_n on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o scythian_a desert_n and_o especial_o moscovy_n on_o the_o north_n by_o russia_n alba_n separate_v by_o the_o river_n stiro_n and_o pripecz_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o lesser_n poland_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n vislocz_n and_o vepre_n this_o province_n comprehend_v seven_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n podolia_n braslaw_n kiovia_n volhynia_n belsko_n and_o chelm_fw-ge palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o russia_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n which_o be_v the_o district_n of_o leopol_n premislaw_n halicz_n and_o sanoch_n district_n the_o first_o of_o these_o district_n have_v in_o it_o these_o remarkable_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n leopol_n archbish_n cap._n grodeck_n javorisvia_n zolkiew_n gliniani_n zloczow_n and_o komarna_n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v leopol_n leopol_n call_v lwow_o or_o luwow_o by_o the_o polander_n and_o lemberg_n or_o russe-lemberg_a by_o the_o german_n it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o lie_v in_o the_o 46_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 49_o of_o latitude_n it_o be_v build_v among_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n peltaw_fw-mi fifteen_o polish_v miles_n from_o mount_n carpathus_n to_o the_o south_n and_o as_o many_o from_o premislaw_n to_o the_o west_n thirty_o from_o caminiec_n forty_o from_o cracow_n and_o about_o fifty_o from_o warsaw_n to_o the_o southeast_n this_o city_n be_v large_a and_o well_o fortify_v have_v two_o castle_n one_o within_o the_o wall_n and_o one_o without_o on_o a_o rise_a ground_n which_o command_v the_o town_n both_o which_o together_o with_o the_o city_n be_v found_v by_o leo_n or_o as_o they_o call_v he_o 'loo_o duke_n of_o russia_n about_o the_o year_n 1289._o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a lord_n of_o his_o diocese_n his_o see_n be_v translate_v hither_o from_o halicz_n in_o 1361_o by_o order_n of_o king_n casimir_n here_o also_o reside_v a_o armenian_a archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a bishop_n depend_v on_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n with_o several_a church_n belong_v to_o each_o bishopric_n the_o armenian_a roman-catholic_n have_v inhabit_v here_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o be_v govern_v whole_o by_o their_o own_o prelate_n they_o enjoy_v very_o great_a privilege_n on_o account_n of_o the_o considerable_a commerce_n they_o maintain_v with_o the_o persian_n and_o other_o eastern_a people_n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o several_a besiege_v sieges_n it_o have_v sustain_v as_o first_o it_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o cosack_n and_o tartar_n with_o a_o dreadful_a army_n second_o by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o cosack_n in_o the_o year_n 1648_o with_o a_o army_n of_o above_o 120_o thousand_o man_n without_o be_v able_a to_o take_v it_o in_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a but_o the_o last_o time_n the_o turk_n become_v almost_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o yet_o by_o a_o agreement_n oblige_v themselves_o to_o quit_v it_o this_o happen_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n wiesnowiski_n who_o die_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1673._o this_o city_n give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o learned_a man_n who_o be_v very_o civil_o receive_v by_o their_o academy_n which_o be_v supply_v with_o professor_n from_o that_o of_o cracow_n here_o be_v keep_v a_o very_a famous_a winter-fair_a whither_o the_o hungarian_a moldavian_n and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n turkish_a merchant_n resort_v in_o great_a number_n among_o other_o river_n it_o have_v roxolania_n wherein_o barbel_n be_v take_v of_o a_o great_a size_n it_o have_v likewise_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o fishpond_n all_o about_o it_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o very_o fat_a fish_n which_o be_v salt_v up_o in_o great_a number_n and_o transport_v all_o over_o poland_n the_o church_n here_o be_v general_o very_o fair_a and_o well-built_a and_o abound_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o costly_a ornament_n grodeck_n grodeck_n a_o palisadoed_a city_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o surround_v with_o bogs_n it_o lie_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o leopol_n javorisvia_n javorisvia_n famous_a for_o a_o natural_a bath_n arise_v in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v village_n of_o sclovia_n this_o alone_a suffice_v to_o disperse_v several_a stubborn_a distemper_n as_o sixtus_n leo_n a_o physician_n of_o great_a experience_n testify_v in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v it_o zolkiew_n zolkiew_o a_o town_n adorn_v and_o defend_v by_o a_o castle_n and_o intermix_v with_o several_a delightful_a garden_n with_o a_o fair_a church_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o build_v with_o various_a sort_n of_o marble_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n where_o my_o lord_n of_o rochester_n have_v audience_n of_o he_o arms._n the_o standard_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o district_n be_v a_o lion_n passant_a crown_v or_o by_o a_o rock_n sables_n all_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a district_n the_o second_o district_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v premislia_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n premislaw_n bish_n sambor_n jaroslaw_n lancut_a resovia_n fulstin_n visnia_n zidaczow_n moscisca_n dubiecz_n canczuga_n and_o prevorscia_n of_o whereof_o the_o capital_a city_n be_v premislaw_n premislaw_n build_v on_o the_o river_n san_n with_o good_a strong_a wall_n and_o a_o castle_n situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n this_o city_n lie_v about_o six_o league_n above_o jaroslaw_n and_o twelve_o from_o leopol_n towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o bishop_n one_o of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o other_o a_o russian_a prelate_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n orichowski_n a_o canon_n of_o this_o cathedral_n maintain_v that_o priest_n may_v marry_v here_o be_v a_o college_n belong_v to_o the_o jesuit_n for_o the_o education_n of_o youth_n the_o citizen_n be_v very_o much_o addict_v to_o trade_n and_o have_v several_a famous_a fair_n every_o year_n near_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a spacious_a park_n of_o the_o king_n be_v full_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n and_o strong_o wall_v in_o that_o they_o may_v do_v no_o mischief_n the_o country_n hereabout_o abound_v with_o castle_n for_o defence_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o chief_a of_o all_o which_o be_v the_o castle_n crassici_n late_o build_v on_o the_o river_n san._n sambor_n sambor_n a_o palisadoed_a city_n upon_o the_o river_n tyra_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v near_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n jaroslaw_n jaroslaw_n famous_a for_o a_o fair_a keep_v on_o lady-day_n and_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o any_o in_o all_o poland_n where_o beside_o several_a merchandize_n bring_v from_o persia_n constantinople_n venice_n muscovy_n and_o amsterdam_n they_o say_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v above_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o half_a as_o many_o horse_n in_o this_o town_n the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n for_o student_n and_o without_o it_o there_o be_v a_o very_a stately_a nunnery_n of_o modern_a architecture_n neither_o be_v its_o castle_n to_o be_v despise_v which_o be_v seat_v to_o the_o east_n on_o the_o river_n san._n lancut_a lancut_a famous_a for_o several_a magnificent_a church_n found_v by_o stanislaus_n lubomirski_n palatin_n of_o cracow_n together_o
with_o a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v against_o the_o tartar_n resovia_n resovia_n have_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a castle_n with_o several_a monastery_n and_o a_o fair_a keep_v on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n albert._n this_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o linen_n manufacture_n perform_v by_o the_o german_n who_o ancestor_n have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o casimir_n the_o great_a be_v settle_v in_o and_o about_o this_o place_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o district_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v with_o two_o head_n both_o crown_v or_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a district_n the_o three_o district_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n be_v that_o of_o halicz_n encompass_v towards_o the_o west_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o transylvania_n to_o the_o south_n by_o the_o boechy-wood_n of_o walachia_n and_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n by_o the_o tyra_n or_o niester_n a_o rapid_a river_n which_o arise_v among_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n and_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n the_o south_n division_n of_o this_o district_n be_v call_v procutia_n the_o whole_a district_n contain_v these_o remarkable_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n halicz_n cap._n sniatin_n cap._n of_o procutia_n colom_n martinow_n dolina_n strium_fw-la podock_n brezana_n buczavia_n or_o busko_n and_o podhajecia_n of_o the_o chief_a all_o which_o be_v halicz_n halicz_n former_o metropolis_n of_o the_o russian_a kingdom_n which_o be_v then_o divide_v into_o several_a tetrarchy_n each_o of_o which_o have_v its_o proper_a duke_n it_o be_v a_o large_a timber-built_a city_n divide_v from_o moldavia_n by_o the_o river_n prud_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n wash_v by_o the_o niester_n it_o have_v a_o wooden_a castle_n situate_v on_o a_o eminence_n hard_a by_o the_o niester_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v somewhat_o rustical_a and_o addict_v more_o to_o agriculture_n than_o trade_n sniatin_n sniatin_n a_o wooden_a palisadoed_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o walachia_n water_v by_o the_o prud_n and_o be_v capital_a of_o procutia_n in_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v fair_n keep_v which_o the_o valachian_n make_v their_o magazine_n whence_o it_o become_v very_o well_o furnish_v with_o cattle_n honey_n wax_n and_o a_o excellent_a breed_n of_o brave_a horse_n in_o great_a number_n colom_n colom_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v under_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o river_n prud._n it_o be_v very_o much_o frequent_v on_o account_n of_o its_o refine_v salt_n with_o which_o it_o furnish_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o russia_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v none_o in_o those_o two_o province_n except_o only_o in_o the_o district_n of_o premislaw_n almost_o all_o over_o this_o district_n there_o be_v deep_a well_n who_o water_n be_v boil_v up_o into_o salt_n in_o the_o desert_n likewise_o of_o the_o vkraine_n near_o the_o boristhenes_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a lake_n who_o water_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v congeal_v into_o solid_a lump_n of_o salt_n and_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n thereabouts_o only_o use_v martinow_n martinow_n a_o town_n in_o procutia_n have_v a_o castle_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n dolina_n dolina_n a_o wooden-built_a town_n situate_v among_o the_o hill_n strium_fw-la strium_fw-la build_v likewise_o with_o wood_n near_o the_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n podock_n podock_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o niester_n defend_v by_o a_o castle_n and_o adorn_v by_o a_o fair_a monastery_n build_v by_o steven_n potucius_n palatin_n of_o braclaw_n who_o die_v and_o lie_v bury_v there_o brezana_n brezana_n a_o populous_a town_n build_v with_o wood_n have_v a_o wall_a castle_n on_o a_o hill_n hard_a by_o buczavia_n buczavia_n or_o busko_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n near_o which_o the_o river_n bug_n have_v its_o rise_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o several_a merchandize_n be_v transport_v to_o leopol_n podhajecia_n podhajecia_n environ_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o other_o fortification_n have_v not_o far_o off_o the_o famous_a castle_n of_o zavalovia_n district_n the_o four_o district_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n be_v that_o of_o sanoch_n near_o the_o mountain_n of_o hungary_n and_o transylvania_n and_o consequent_o abound_v in_o little_a hill_n except_o only_o towards_o crosna_n in_o it_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n sanoch_n cap._n crosna_n brozovia_n rimanovia_n dinovia_n and_o lesko_n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o principal_a city_n be_v sanoch_n sanoch_n build_v with_o wood_n among_o the_o hill_n and_o near_o the_o river_n san._n it_o have_v a_o no-way_n contemptible_a castle_n found_v upon_o a_o rock_n crosna_n crosna_n the_o staple_n of_o the_o hungarian_n whither_o they_o bring_v all_o their_o merchandize_n and_o wine_n and_o therefore_o the_o fair_n and_o mart_n here_o be_v more_o celebrate_v than_o those_o of_o their_o neighbour_n in_o this_o city_n likewise_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n for_o human_a learning_n it_o exceed_v sanoch_n in_o its_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n and_o concourse_n of_o stranger_n etc._n the_o other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o brozovia_n rimanovia_n dinovia_n and_o lesko_n be_v place_n of_o no_o small_a strength_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n sanoch_n the_o senator_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n the_o bishop_n of_o premislaw_n and_o kiovia_n the_o palatin_n of_o russia_n the_o castellan_n of_o leopol_n premislaw_n halicz_n and_o sanoch_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o podolia_n famous_a for_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o barbarian_n and_o the_o many_o battle_n fight_v with_o they_o there_o if_o these_o people_n say_v starovolscius_fw-la may_v enjoy_v a_o wished-for_a peace_n like_o the_o western_a country_n of_o europe_n they_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o envy_v either_o the_o plenty_n or_o riches_n of_o italy_n or_o hungary_n this_o palatinate_n have_v in_o it_o divers_a sort_n of_o marble_n and_o alabaster_n in_o several_a place_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o caminiec_n trembowla_n and_o laticzow_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n caminiec_fw-la cap._n trembowla_n laticzow_n bar._n husiatinow_n czartikow_n janow_n czvaniec_fw-la chmielnic_n miedzibosz_n or_o misdzibozia_n zinkow_n jesupolis_n jacloveck_n satanow_n tarnopolia_fw-la kitaigrod_n and_o dunaigrod_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v caminiec_n situate_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o walachia_n caminiec_fw-la among_o rock_n and_o hill_n it_o be_v well_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n and_o have_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n build_v on_o a_o adjacent_a rock_n which_o command_v the_o town_n it_o be_v avenue_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o horn-work_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o place_n by_o a_o deep_a moat_n both_o city_n and_o castle_n be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o river_n smotrzick_n which_o a_o little_a below_o fall_v into_o the_o niester_n the_o rock_n lie_v every_o way_n so_o high_a about_o this_o city_n that_o you_o can_v discover_v only_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a house_n it_o lie_v fifteen_o polish_v miles_n from_o bar_n to_o the_o west_n thirty_o from_o leopol_n thirty_o six_o from_o jassy_n thirty_o from_o kiow_n eighty_o from_o warsaw_n and_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o from_o constantinople_n this_o strong_a city_n which_o be_v the_o see_v of_o a_o prelate_n suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v very_o much_o damage_v by_o a_o fire_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o and_o have_v be_v often_o in_o vain_a attack_v by_o the_o utmost_a fury_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1672_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o former_a in_o which_o it_o still_o continue_v it_o be_v block_v up_o by_o motula_n general_n of_o the_o cosack_n in_o the_o year_n 1687_o and_o the_o pole_n afterward_o make_v great_a preparation_n to_o join_v his_o troop_n but_o be_v both_o oblige_v to_o retire_v upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o ottoman_a force_n afterward_o another_o blockade_n be_v form_v by_o the_o polish_v army_n in_o 1688_o and_o the_o next_o year_n they_o actual_o invest_v the_o place_n and_o begin_v a_o formal_a attack_z in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n but_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v in_o september_n follow_v and_o never_o since_o attempt_v so_o that_o the_o infidel_n remain_v at_o present_a in_o quiet_a possession_n hereof_o together_o with_o several_a other_o considerable_a place_n in_o this_o palatinate_n trembowla_n trembowla_n a_o city_n lie_v under_o a_o great_a mountain_n with_o a_o castle_n build_v upon_o a_o adjoin_a hill_n laticzow_n laticzow_n well_o fortify_v against_o incursion_n with_o a_o adjoin_a castle_n and_o warlike_a inhatant_n bar._n bar_n a_o city_n build_v and_o palisadoe_v round_o by_o buona_n daughter_n of_o john_n sforza_n duke_n of_o milan_n and_o queen_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n so_o name_v it_o
from_o the_o place_n where_o she_o be_v bear_v it_o have_v a_o castle_n on_o a_o hill_n surround_v every_o way_n with_o bog_n and_o lake_n husiatinow_n husiatinow_n well_o fortify_v also_o against_o incursion_n czartikow_n czartikow_n with_o the_o like_a strong_a fortification_n and_o a_o castle_n etc._n janow_n and_o czvaniec_n with_o several_a other_o be_v very_o strong_a place_n chmielnick_n chmielnick_n a_o timber-built_a town_n defend_v only_o with_o palisadoe_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n build_v upon_o the_o river_n bog_n miedzibosz_n miedzibosz_n a_o town_n with_o a_o large_a timber_n castle_n situate_v among_o the_o marsh_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o avenue_n but_o over_o bridge_n this_o place_n be_v former_o much_o infest_a by_o the_o tartar_n podolia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n the_o palatin_n and_o the_o castellan_n of_o caminiec_n podolia_n caminiec_fw-la arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o sun_n in_o its_o full_a glory_n in_o a_o field_n azure_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o braslaw_n or_o braclaw_v lie_v beyond_o podolia_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o tartary_n now_o out_o of_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n braclaw_n cap._n vinnicza_n zitomir_n sarogrod_n morachua_n jarosow_n felstin_n and_o chmielnic_n of_o of_o which_o the_o capital_a city_n be_v braclaw_n braclaw_v build_v on_o the_o river_n bog_n with_o a_o wooden_a castle_n and_o other_o fortification_n it_o lie_v a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o mile_n from_o caminiec_n to_o the_o east_n fifty_o five_o from_o bar_n and_o fifty_o from_o the_o confine_n of_o walachia_n to_o the_o north_n towards_o kiow_n it_o be_v take_v and_o miserable_o waste_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1672._o vinnicza_n vinnicza_n a_o wooden_a city_n likewise_o build_v on_o the_o river_n bog_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o castle_n and_o a_o wall_n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n where_o the_o jesuit_n also_o have_v a_o college_n to_o instruct_v youth_n these_o two_o city_n have_v be_v very_o much_o infest_a by_o the_o tartar_n i_o find_v no_o description_n of_o the_o rest_n braslaw_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o braslaw_n palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o kiovia_n border_v on_o one_o side_n on_o tartary_n and_o on_o the_o other_o on_o moscovy_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o famous_a river_n boristhenes_n this_o palatinate_n extend_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o euxine_a sea_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o white_a russia_n in_o lithuania_n in_o it_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n kiow_n bish_n cap._n kaniow_n circassia_n oczakow_n stepanow_n fastovia_n bohuslaw_n pereslaw_n and_o bialerkiow_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v kiow_n kiow_n or_o kiouf_n according_a to_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o ancient_a large_a and_o very_o populous_a city_n fortify_v with_o strong_a palisadoe_n a_o castle_n trench_n and_o some_o other_o regular_a work_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o boristhenes_n or_o nieper_n the_o old_a kiow_n be_v build_v on_o a_o hill_n a_o little_a beyond_o the_o river_n where_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o many_o arch_n high_a wall_n church_n and_o burying-place_n of_o divers_a king_n with_o greek_a inscription_n of_o these_o church_n two_o remain_v in_o tolerable_a good_a condition_n viz._n those_o of_o st._n sophia_n and_o st._n michael_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o former_a be_v line_v with_o curious_a mosaic_a work_n and_o the_o dome_n consist_v of_o earthen_a pot_n well_o cement_v and_o fill_v with_o mortar_n st._n michael_n church_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a for_o its_o gild_a roof_n the_o burying-place_n of_o the_o ancient_a great_a man_n of_o russia_n be_v in_o several_a cave_n near_o this_o city_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o extend_v into_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n above_o eighty_o mile_n in_o length_n the_o body_n here_o be_v preserve_v whole_a and_o entire_a especial_o those_o of_o two_o certain_a prince_n which_o be_v dress_v in_o antique_a habit_n and_o have_v be_v not_o long_o since_o show_v to_o traveller_n by_o the_o russian_a monk_n the_o place_n where_o these_o sepulcher_n be_v make_v be_v of_o a_o sandy_a stone_n very_o dry_a and_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o catacomb_n of_o rome_n kiow_n be_v heretofore_o a_o exceed_a large_a city_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o extend_v themselves_o above_o eight_o mile_n in_o compass_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v first_o found_v by_o a_o russian_a prince_n name_v kius_fw-la in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 861_o and_o then_o constitute_v metropolis_n of_o tauro-scythia_n next_o it_o become_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n and_o be_v afterward_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n it_o be_v storm_v and_o pillage_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1615_o and_o have_v ever_o since_o decline_v from_o its_o primitive_a grandeur_n it_o have_v be_v often_o take_v and_o retake_v within_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o year_n but_o now_o remain_v whole_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o ozar_n of_o moscovy_n to_o who_o it_o be_v late_o pawn_v by_o the_o cosack_n the_o episcopal_a see_v of_o kiow_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o leopol_n here_o reside_v the_o russian_a archbishop_n supreme_a over_o all_o of_o the_o same_o persuasion_n throughout_o poland_n here_o be_v divers_a roman_a and_o russian_a church_n and_o a_o great_a many_o monastery_n etc._n etc._n kaniow_n kaniow_n seventeen_o mile_n from_o kiow_n who_o inhabitant_n with_o its_o neighbour_n round_o about_o be_v a_o very_a warlike_a people_n circassia_n circassia_n a_o timber-built_a city_n on_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n about_o twenty_o five_o polish_v miles_n from_o kiow_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v former_o the_o circassi_n a_o warlike_a people_n and_o much_o celebrate_v in_o history_n who_o likewise_o dwell_v all_o along_o the_o boristhenes_n oczakow_n oczakow_n build_v upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o inhabit_v by_o tartar_n though_o command_v and_o govern_v by_o turk_n stepanow_n stepanow_n fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n a_o wall_n and_o a_o ditch_n fastovia_n fastovia_n famous_a only_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiow_n and_o the_o jesuit_n college_n translate_v from_o kiow_n bohuslaw_n bohuslaw_n pereslaw_n and_o bialerkiow_n be_v all_o town_n indifferent_o populous_a and_o each_o defend_v by_o a_o castle_n kiovia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o kiovia_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a argent_fw-fr and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a the_o charge_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a a_o bear_n passant_a palatinate_n the_o five_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o belsko_fw-mi join_v to_o the_o district_n of_o leopol_n and_o palatinate_n of_o chelm_fw-ge and_o place_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o red_a russia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o belsko_n busko_n grodlow_n and_o grabow_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n cap._n of_o the_o palatinate_n busko_n cap._n of_o its_o district_n grodlow_n cap._n of_o its_o district_n grabow_n cap._n of_o its_o district_n sokal_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o which_o be_v belsko_n belsko_n or_o belz_n a_o timber-built_a city_n indifferent_o large_a and_o situate_v among_o the_o marsh_n between_o leopol_n and_o zamoisk_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o river_n bug._n it_o have_v a_o wooden_a castle_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n surround_v every_o way_n with_o bogs_n busko_n busko_n or_o busk_n a_o town_n seat_v in_o a_o moor_n where_o the_o river_n â—â—_o g_o take_v its_o rise_n by_o which_o merchandize_n be_v ansport_v to_o leopol_n only_o five_o mile_n distant_a grodlow_n grodlow_n a_o palisadoed_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n upon_o a_o hill_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n bug._n grabow_n grabow_n a_o wooden_a town_n seat_v in_o a_o large_a plain_n with_o a_o castle_n fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n and_o of_o very_o difficult_a access_n sokal_n sokal_n a_o town_n seat_v on_o the_o bug_n and_o defend_v only_o with_o palisadoe_n belsko_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o belsko_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o griffin_n volant_fw-fr argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n gules_a palatinate_n the_o six_o palatinate_n of_o red_a russia_n be_v that_o of_o chelm_fw-ge lie_v between_o lublin_n lithuania_n and_o volhynia_n
and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o chelm_fw-ge and_o crasnistaw_fw-mi in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n chelm_fw-ge bish_n cap._n crasnistaw_fw-mi zamoisk_n ratno_n lynbowlya_n rozana_n vlodavia_n scebresin_n turobin_n tamogrod_n tomasow_n and_o ctesow_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v chelm_fw-ge chelm_fw-ge a_o small_a city_n defend_v with_o a_o castle_n the_o outwork_n whereof_o be_v make_v of_o wood._n it_o lie_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o lublin_n to_o the_o east_n twenty_o four_o from_o premistaw_fw-mi to_o the_o north_n and_o twelve_o from_o belsko_n it_o have_v be_v sack_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n during_o the_o late_a war_n which_o occasion_v the_o residence_n of_o its_o bishop_n to_o be_v translate_v to_o crasnistaw_fw-mi nevertheless_o a_o oriental_a or_o russian_a bishop_n still_o reside_v there_o crasnistaw_fw-mi crasnistaw_fw-mi a_o wall_a town_n upon_o the_o river_n vepre_n where_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge at_n present_n have_v his_o residence_n in_o a_o palace_n of_o modern_a architecture_n near_o this_o place_n the_o archduke_n maximilian_n when_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o seize_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v shameful_o repulse_v by_o john_n zamoiski_n who_o immediate_o afterward_o build_v a_o town_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n zamoisk_n zamoisk_n well_o defend_v by_o high_a wall_n deep_a ditch_n and_o other_o strong_a fortification_n after_o the_o modern_a manner_n he_o likewise_o build_v a_o fair_a cathedral_n here_o and_o enrich_v it_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n also_o a_o noble_a academy_n furnish_v with_o learned_a master_n from_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o cracow_n this_o person_n be_v so_o great_a a_o favourer_n of_o learning_n that_o not_o only_o zamoisk_v but_o also_o several_a other_o place_n of_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n find_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o bounty_n ratno_n ratno_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n with_o a_o castle_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n perepet_n on_o one_o side_n and_o defend_v on_o the_o other_o by_o a_o bog_n and_o the_o niester_n it_o lie_v about_o twenty_o four_o mile_n from_o chelm_fw-ge lynbowlya_n lynbowlya_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o bug_n with_o a_o tolerable_o fortify_v castle_n chelm_fw-ge the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n and_o castellan_n of_o chelm_fw-ge arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o bear_n argent_fw-fr passant_a between_o three_o tree_n proper_a in_o a_o field_n or._n province_n the_o five_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v masovia_n situate_v almost_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o bound_v on_o the_o north_n bound_n by_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n by_o lithuania_n on_o the_o south_n by_o upper_a poland_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o lower_n poland_n it_o be_v former_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1526_o by_o the_o death_n of_o its_o duke_n john_n and_o stanislaus_n that_o duchy_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o inhabitant_n inhabitant_n hereof_o be_v general_o warlike_a they_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o pole_n only_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o few_o guttural_a accent_n their_o manner_n habit_n and_o religion_n be_v much_o the_o same_o this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o palatinate_n which_o be_v division_n the_o palatinate_v of_o masovia_n proper_o so_o call_v ploczkow_n and_o dobrina_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o masovia_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o in_o spiritual_a matter_n be_v subject_n only_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n but_o in_o temporal_a be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o warsaw_n wisna_n cyrna_n zembrow_n nuren_n wissegrod_n zakrow_n cickanow_n lombze_n rozan_n makow_n and_o liw_n in_o all_o which_o the_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n be_v those_o of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o district_n add_v moreover_o these_o follow_v viz._n pultovia_n czerniensk_n czersko_n akroczim_n varka_o blonye_n pultowsko_n tarcin_n grodzyec_n prasniz_n garvolinia_n vengrovia_n stanislanovia_n broc_n viskow_n and_o seroicz_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n be_v warsaw_n warsaw_n defend_v with_o a_o castle_n wall_z and_o ditch_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o pitch_v upon_o for_o the_o convening_n of_o the_o diet._n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n in_o the_o 43_o d_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 52_o of_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n the_o old_a and_o new_a town_n with_o the_o suburb_n of_o cracow_n and_o prag_n this_o city_n be_v adorn_v with_o divers_a stately_a pile_n of_o building_n particular_o a_o spacious_a foursquare_a palace_n found_v by_o sigismond_n iii_o and_o much_o improve_v by_o his_o successor_n where_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n most_o common_o reside_v opposite_a to_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v another_o royal_a palace_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o delightful_a grove_n and_o garden_n build_v by_o vladislaus_n vii_o and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o viasdow_n where_o the_o state_n or_o diet_n of_o poland_n former_o use_v to_o sit_v and_o debate_v the_o most_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v moreover_o the_o palace_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n as_o likewise_o a_o very_a stately_a one_o build_v by_o count_n morstin_n great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n also_o a_o league_n from_o this_o city_n king_n john_n sobieski_n build_v a_o neat_a country_n palace_n by_o the_o name_n of_o villa_n nova_n the_o other_o public_a edifice_n be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a be_v the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n where_o secular_a canon_n officiate_v the_o arsenal_n castle_n market-place_n etc._n etc._n divers_a kind_n of_o merchandize_n be_v convey_v hither_o along_o a_o river_n from_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o from_o hence_o carry_v to_o dantzic_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a country_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o cracow_n be_v a_o small_a chapel_n build_v on_o purpose_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o john_n demetrius_n suski_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o die_v prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostinin_n together_o with_o his_o two_o brother_n this_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o be_v scarce_o three_o polish_v miles_n distant_a from_o lesser_n poland_n about_o twenty_o four_o from_o lanschet_fw-mi as_o many_o north-east_n of_o lublin_n twenty_o nine_o southeast_n of_o thorn_n thirty_o to_o the_o north_n from_o sendomir_n thirty_o three_o west_n of_o gnesna_n and_o forty_o to_o the_o north-east_n from_o cracow_n and_o posnan_n wisna_n wisna_n a_o town_n in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n narew_n with_o a_o castle_n upon_o a_o adjoin_a hill_n wissegrod_n wissegrod_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o vistula_n with_o a_o considerable_a castle_n it_o lie_v about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n ciekanow_n ciekanow_n about_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o warsaw_n be_v a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a likewise_o with_o a_o castle_n among_o the_o marsh_n lombze_v lombze_v a_o large_a city_n upon_o the_o navigable_a river_n narew_n consist_v of_o fair_a building_n and_o about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n rozan_n rozan_n a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n narew_n liw_n liw_n a_o timber-built_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n found_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n liwijecz_n pultovia_n pultovia_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi it_o be_v a_o town_n build_v with_o brick_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n and_o some_o other_o tolerable_a edifice_n czerniensk_n czerniensk_n a_o large_a wooden_a town_n build_v on_o the_o vistula_n akroczim_n akroczim_n a_o wooden_a town_n likewise_o seat_v on_o the_o vistula_n with_o a_o castle_n it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n varka_o varka_o a_o large_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n pilza_n and_o about_o eight_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n another_o way_n blonye_n blonye_n a_o town_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n pultowsko_n pultowsko_fw-mi a_o wall_v town_n with_o a_o castle_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n narew_n tarcin_n tarcin_n a_o timber-built_a town_n about_o five_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n grodzyec_fw-la grodzyec_fw-la about_o seven_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n and_o two_o from_o tarcin_n prasniz_n prasniz_n a_o large_a town_n intermix_v with_o a_o great_a many_o fair_a stone_n edifice_n masovia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatine_a of_o masovia_n the_o castellan_n of_o cyrna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrow_n ciekanow_n and_o liw_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanded_a argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n
they_o to_o flight_n this_o victory_n be_v thus_o lucky_o obtain_v gedeminus_n prosecute_v it_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o prussia_n where_o he_o find_v nothing_o able_a to_o withstand_v he_o except_o only_o the_o two_o castle_n of_o ragneta_n and_o cilza_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n afterward_o have_v make_v a_o miserable_a havoc_n in_o that_o country_n as_o also_o total_o regain_v his_o duchy_n of_o samogitia_n he_o return_v peaceable_o home_o 1304._o in_o the_o year_n 1304_o this_o great_a duke_n have_v a_o quarrel_n with_o some_o of_o the_o russian_a prince_n make_v great_a preparation_n against_o they_o when_o march_v forthwith_o into_o russia_n he_o first_o meet_v and_o fight_v vlodomirus_fw-la duke_n of_o volhynia_n who_o he_o slay_v and_o rout_v his_o whole_a army_n then_o he_o bend_v his_o force_n against_o leo_n duke_n of_o luceoria_n who_o he_o also_o vanquish_v and_o take_v his_o chief_a city_n lutzko_n both_o which_o prince_n be_v thus_o defeat_v make_v he_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o volhynia_n next_o spring_n be_v tire_v out_o with_o idleness_n he_o carry_v his_o arm_n against_o stanislaus_n duke_n of_o kiovia_n who_o he_o overthrow_v together_o with_o several_a prince_n his_o neighbour_n that_o come_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o this_o victory_n gedeminus_n be_v not_o a_o little_a encourage_v proceed_v and_o take_v most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o russia_n when_o after_o have_v complete_v a_o glorious_a conquest_n he_o return_v triumphant_o into_o his_o own_o country_n afterward_o gedeminus_n go_v to_o hunt_v about_o five_o mile_n beyond_o the_o river_n wilia_n occasional_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o near_o a_o lake_n and_o a_o city_n name_v it_o troki_n whither_o he_o then_o translate_v build_v his_o court_n from_o kicrnow_n after_o this_o in_o the_o year_n 1305_o gedeminus_n go_v a_o hunt_v again_o towards_o the_o east_n after_o various_a fortune_n become_v great_o fatigue_v with_o that_o sport_n whereupon_o night_n draw_v on_o he_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o a_o lodging_n upon_o a_o mountain_n then_o call_v krzyunagora_n now_o turzagoria_n or_o lissa_n where_o soon_o fall_v asleep_a he_o dream_v that_o he_o see_v and_o hear_v roar_v a_o huge_a iron_n wolf_n which_o have_v above_o a_o hundred_o wolf_n of_o the_o same_o mettle_n in_o his_o belly_n which_o roar_v likewise_o after_o a_o amaze_a manner_n whereat_o be_v extreme_o fright_v he_o wake_v and_o next_o morning_n put_v this_o dream_n to_o his_o courtier_n to_o expound_v when_o every_o one_o have_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n a_o different_a way_n at_o last_o a_o pagan_a priest_n name_v ledzieiko_n say_v to_o have_v be_v find_v in_o a_o eagles_n nest_n who_o practice_n be_v to_o foretell_v futurity_n expound_v it_o thus_o the_o iron_n wolf_n quoth_v he_o denote_v a_o strong_a city_n and_o the_o other_o wolf_n in_o his_o belly_n a_o formidable_a multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n hereupon_o he_o immediate_o advise_v gedeminus_n to_o build_v a_o fortify_v city_n and_o castle_n there_o whence_o this_o priest_n come_v to_o have_v the_o name_n of_o radzivil_n that_o be_v a_o counsellor_n to_o build_v vilna_n from_o this_o person_n be_v family_n have_v descend_v a_o great_a many_o famous_a hero_n who_o have_v all_o sufficient_o distinguish_v themselves_o both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n gedeminus_n be_v easy_o move_v by_o these_o persuasion_n forthwith_o erect_v two_o castle_n near_o that_o place_n one_o on_o a_o high_a hill_n and_o the_o other_o in_o build_v a_o plain_a add_v moreover_o a_o city_n call_v vilna_n from_o the_o river_n wilia_n run_v by_o it_o which_o be_v now_o very_o populous_a and_o capital_a of_o that_o great_a duchy_n to_o which_o city_n he_o not_o long_o after_o transfer_v his_o residence_n from_o troki_n 1306._o in_o 1306_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v have_v intelligence_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v lull_v in_o sloth_n and_o security_n march_v through_o wood_n and_o by-road_n into_o low_a poland_n where_o they_o burn_v and_o plunder_v kalisch_n with_o several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n kill_v the_o old_a people_n and_o child_n and_o carry_v the_o other_o away_o captive_a the_o same_o year_n henry_n de_fw-fr pleczko_n a_o saxon_a great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n surprise_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o gartin_n in_o samogitia_n and_o put_v all_o the_o lithuanian_n find_v therein_o to_o the_o sword_n they_o likewise_o proceed_v in_o this_o war_n by_o help_n of_o the_o german_n and_o after_o have_v total_o destroy_v the_o district_n of_o karsovin_n return_v with_o great_a number_n of_o spoil_n and_o captive_n into_o prussia_n 1307._o in_o 1307_o the_o lithuanian_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o siradia_n and_o kalisch_n where_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischief_n they_o sudden_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n 1308._o in_o 1308_o olgerdus_n son_n of_o gedeminus_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o prussia_n where_o he_o make_v havoc_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n wherever_o he_o come_v carrying_z off_z likewise_o great_a booty_n these_o favour_n the_o lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n do_v frequent_o and_o alternative_o for_o one_o another_o within_o the_o space_n of_o few_o year_n in_o 1315_o the_o lithuanian_n surprise_v the_o territory_n 1315._o of_o dobrina_n where_o they_o make_v great_a devastation_n and_o likewise_o take_v the_o city_n of_o that_o name_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v it_o in_o 1322_o 1322._o they_o likewise_o enter_v livonia_n lay_v all_o waist_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o wintertime_n david_n starosta_n of_o gartin_n not_o be_v discourage_v by_o cold_a destroy_v that_o country_n up_o as_o far_o as_o raval_n carry_v away_o great_a spoil_n and_o many_o prisoner_n afterward_o in_o the_o same_o winter_n they_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o memel_fw-la and_o also_o enter_v prussia_n and_o kill_v the_o comendador_n of_o capion_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n david_n of_o gartin_n likewise_o invade_v masovia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o entire_o ruin_v a_o great_a many_o town_n and_o village_n 1323._o in_o 1323_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v clandestine_o upon_o dobrina_n again_o and_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o damage_n there_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o starosta_n of_o gartin_n enter_v masovia_n again_o near_o ploczko_n wherein_o he_o destroy_v and_o burn_v above_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o village_n thirty_o town_n and_o carry_v away_o about_o four_o thousand_o captive_n whilst_o another_o army_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o livonia_n and_o serve_v that_o country_n after_o the_o like_a manner_n 1325._o in_o 1325_o ann_n daughter_n to_o gedeminus_n marry_v casimir_n son_n to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n by_o which_o all_o that_o have_v be_v former_o take_v from_o the_o polander_n be_v restore_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o those_o two_o nation_n afterward_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o fribourg_n belong_v to_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o samogitia_n this_o great_a duke_n gedeminus_n receive_v a_o wound_n with_o a_o arrow_n which_o cost_v death_n he_o his_o life_n this_o prince_n have_v seven_o son_n viz._n montividus_fw-la narimundus_n olgerdus_n keijstutus_n koriatus_n jawnutus_n and_o lubartus_fw-la with_o some_o daughter_n one_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v as_o before_o among_o these_o son_n he_o divide_v his_o dominion_n while_o he_o live_v give_v to_o montividus_fw-la montividus_n his_o elder_a kyernow_n and_o slonim_n with_o the_o territory_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o narimundus_n narimundus_n his_o conquest_n and_o other_o acquisition_n in_o russia_n on_o olgerdus_fw-fr olgerdus_n he_o bestow_v krewo_n and_o all_o from_o thence_o to_o beresina_n to_o keijstutus_n keijstutus_n he_o give_v samogitia_n troki_n witebsko_n etc._n etc._n to_o koriatus_n koriatus_n the_o city_n of_o novogrodec_n with_o its_o territory_n but_o on_o his_o belove_a jawnutus_n jawnutus_n he_o confer_v the_o metropolis_n of_o lithuania_n vilna_n as_o also_o osmian_n and_o braslaw_n together_o with_o the_o supreme_a command_n over_o all_o his_o brother_n dominion_n lubartus_fw-la the_o young_a son_n lubartus_fw-la have_v no_o share_v with_o his_o brother_n because_o by_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n daughter_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n he_o have_v obtain_v the_o succession_n to_o that_o duchy_n among_o these_o brother_n olgerdus_n and_o keijstutus_n being_n most_o vex_v to_o see_v their_o young_a brother_n jawnutus_n so_o high_o promote_v conspire_v together_o after_o their_o father_n death_n to_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o vilna_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o they_o fix_v a_o certain_a time_n but_o olgerdus_n happen_v then_o to_o be_v absent_a on_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n be_v force_v to_o fail_v of_o his_o appointment_n nevertheless_o keijstutus_n firm_o adhere_v to_o his_o vow_n resolve_v to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n alone_o and_o consequent_o march_v secret_o towards_o vilna_n surprise_v and_o take_v
one_o form_n of_o government_n i_o need_v not_o insist_v any_o long_o upon_o the_o succession_n of_o its_o duke_n since_o what_o past_a remarkable_a in_o their_o time_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n who_o reign_v in_o poland_n from_o jagello_n time_n to_o the_o late_a king_n michael_n wiesnowiski_n therefore_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o this_o great_a duchy_n the_o two_o province_n of_o lithuania_n contain_v these_o palatinate_v viz._n province_n lithuania_n proper_a contain_v the_o palatinate_n of_o vilna_n troki_n and_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n province_n lithuanic-russia_n contain_v the_o palatinate_n of_o novogrodec_n mscislaw_n vitebsko_fw-mi or_o witebsko_n minski_n and_o polocz_n lithuanic-russia_n be_v common_o call_v russia-alba_n or_o white_a russia_n either_o because_o its_o hill_n be_v general_o cover_v with_o snow_n and_o which_o last_v long_o there_o than_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o animal_n breed_v there_o be_v general_o incline_v to_o be_v white_a though_o in_o other_o country_n the_o same_o species_n be_v of_o another_o colour_n both_o these_o province_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n beside_o several_a merchandize_n part_n of_o which_o they_o transport_v by_o the_o river_n duna_n to_o riga_n in_o livonia_n and_o part_n by_o the_o river_n niemen_n to_o koningsberg_n in_o prussia_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o lithuania_n proper_a be_v that_o of_o vilna_n who_o palatin_n be_v chief_a governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o that_o name_n this_o palatinate_n comprehend_v three_o large_a district_n which_o be_v the_o district_v of_o osmian_n bratislaw_n or_o braslaw_n &_o wilkomitz_n in_o all_o which_o be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n cap._n bish_n osmian_n bratislaw_n or_o braslaw_n wilkomitz_n ikaznia_n and_o drizwiatz_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v vilna_n vilna_n call_v also_o vilenski_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o wildaw_n or_o die_v wild_a by_o the_o german_n and_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n wilia_n and_o wiln_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n it_o lie_v about_o 130_o polish_v miles_n from_o cracow_n to_o the_o north-east_n 48_o from_o riga_n to_o the_o north_n 70_o from_o warsaw_n and_o a_o hundred_o from_o smolensko_n to_o the_o east_n it_o be_v a_o large_a and_o very_o populous_a city_n well_o fortify_v with_o two_o castle_n whereof_o one_o be_v build_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o the_o other_o on_o a_o hill_n the_o former_a wash_v by_o the_o river_n wilia_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o the_o wiln_n the_o first_o of_o these_o river_n be_v large_a and_o navigable_a whereby_o the_o inhabitant_n transport_v merchandize_n to_o dantzic_n and_o the_o other_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o house_n of_o this_o city_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a be_v most_o build_v with_o wood_n except_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o gentry_n other_o to_z foreign_a merchant_n and_o several_a public_a edifice_n which_o be_v all_o either_o of_o stone_n or_o brick_n of_o the_o two_o castle_n that_o on_o a_o hill_n be_v very_o ancient_a and_o almost_o ruin_v but_o the_o other_o be_v a_o pile_n of_o beautiful_a modern_a architecture_n the_o church_n here_o be_v all_o of_o stone_n both_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o roman_a and_o russian_a persuasion_n the_o cathedral_n stand_v in_o the_o low_a castle_n wherein_o lie_v the_o body_n of_o st._n casimir_n canonize_v by_o leo_n x._o in_o a_o large_a silver_n tomb_n of_o great_a value_n here_o also_o be_v a_o very_a large_a bell_n like_v to_o that_o of_o cracow_n which_o require_v above_o four_o and_o twenty_o strong_a man_n to_o ring_v it_o within_o this_o castle_n be_v the_o archiepiscopal_n see_v of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o russia_n among_o the_o other_o public_a edifice_n be_v the_o great_a duke_n palace_n in_o which_o be_v a_o famous_a guard-chamber_n furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o this_o city_n stand_v another_o ducal_z palace_n name_v from_o its_o situation_n rudnick_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n this_o palace_n be_v entire_o build_v with_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n pleasant_a garden_n orchard_n etc._n etc._n next_o come_v the_o academy_n of_o this_o city_n found_v by_o king_n stephen_n in_o the_o year_n 1579_o and_o erect_v into_o a_o university_n by_o gregory_n xiii_o the_o same_o year_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o founder_n valerian_n bishop_n of_o vilna_n in_o this_o university_n be_v six_o professor_n of_o divinity_n five_o of_o philosophy_n four_o of_o law_n and_o seven_o of_o human_a learning_n among_o the_o merchant_n house_n there_o be_v one_o particular_o neat_a erect_v by_o the_o moscovite_n company_n for_o the_o repository_n of_o their_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandize_n bring_v from_o moscow_n here_o be_v also_o many_o other_o fair_a edifice_n which_o i_o pass_v by_o for_o brevity_n sake_n in_o this_o city_n gun_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v cast_v and_o likewise_o divers_a other_o warlike_a instrument_n of_o excellent_a workmanship_n make_v vilna_n have_v the_o honour_n to_o have_v a_o tribunal_n for_o all_o lithuania_n the_o moscovite_n find_v mean_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o but_o be_v soon_o force_v to_o surrender_v it_o to_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v at_o present_a in_o possession_n of_o it_o osmian_n osmian_n a_o wooden_a town_n capital_a of_o its_o district_n about_o seven_o mile_n from_o vilna_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o large_a jurisdiction_n with_o several_a eminent_a to_n bratislaw_n bratislaw_n or_o braslaw_n a_o timber-built_a city_n situate_v on_o a_o large_a lake_n with_o a_o castle_n found_v on_o a_o rock_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o vilna_n with_o a_o considerable_a jurisdiction_n wilkomitz_n wilkomitz_n a_o wood-built_a town_n upon_o the_o river_n swienta_fw-mi here_o be_v keep_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o try_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o this_o district_n belong_v a_o very_a large_a jurisdiction_n in_o which_o be_v several_a considerable_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n bishop_n and_o gentry_n ikaznia_n ikaznia_n a_o town_n build_v with_o wood_n near_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n it_o lie_v about_o three_o polish_v miles_n from_o bratislaw_n drizwiatz_n drizwiatz_n a_o town_n build_v on_o a_o lake_n near_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o bratislaw_n vilna_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v only_o the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o vilna_n for_o it_o must_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o minor_a castellan_n in_o all_o lithuania_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v of_o four_o sort_n the_o first_o of_o the_o palatinate_n itself_o which_o be_v argent_fw-fr and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a two_o pillar_n of_o the_o first_o beside_o these_o each_o district_n have_v its_o arm_n which_o be_v first_o of_o osmian_n those_o of_o vilna_n differ_v only_o in_o change_v the_o column_n or_o pillar_n to_o erect_a sword_n that_o of_o bratislaw_n a_o field_n gules_a with_o no_o charge_n three_o that_o of_o wilkomitz_n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o palatinate_n change_v only_o the_o pillar_n to_o the_o image_n of_o st._n michael_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o lithuania_n proper_a be_v that_o of_o troki_n which_o have_v in_o it_o these_o four_o large_a district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o grodno_n lida_n cowno_n and_o vpita_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n troki_n cap._n grodno_n lida_n cowno_n and_o vpita_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o be_v troki_n troki_n otherwise_o call_v troccum_fw-la or_o trocum_fw-la build_v with_o wood_n and_o seat_v on_o a_o point_n of_o land_n that_o shoot_v out_o into_o a_o lake_n and_o which_o lie_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o vilna_n to_o the_o west_n this_o city_n have_v former_o a_o strong_a wall_n to_o defend_v it_o but_o which_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v by_o the_o prussian_a knight_n but_o yet_o it_o still_o have_v a_o castle_n found_v in_o the_o lake_n and_o sufficient_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n gedeminus_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v the_o ducal_z seat_n before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v translate_v to_o vilna_n the_o moscovite_n storm_v burn_v and_o pillage_v this_o place_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o grodno_n grodno_n a_o timber-built_a city_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n or_o cronon_n have_v a_o strong_a castle_n on_o a_o rock_n near_o adjoin_v found_v by_o king_n stephen_n who_o be_v
i_o myself_o command_v for_o near_o ten_o year_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o fourscore_o mile_n from_o vilna_n and_o have_v former_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o orsha_n orsha_n a_o large_a wooden_a city_n defend_v on_o one_o side_n with_o sharp_a and_o strong_a palisado_n and_o on_o the_o other_o by_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n together_o with_o a_o stone_n castle_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n orshicza_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o eighteen_o mile_n from_o witebsko_n mohilow_n mohilow_n a_o very_a large_a market-town_n much_o frequent_v by_o the_o moscovite_n whence_o they_o transmit_v their_o fir_n into_o poland_n and_o germany_n czasniki_n czasniki_n a_o wood-built_a town_n lie_v on_o the_o river_n vla_n sienno_n sienno_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o czasniki_n leplo_fw-la leplo_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n well_o defend_v situate_a on_o a_o lake_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o czasniki_n woroniec_fw-la woroniec_fw-la a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n vsacza_n and_o about_o three_o mile_n from_o polocz_n vitebsko_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o vitebsko_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n in_o a_o field_n vert._n palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o minski_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o minski_n and_o borissow_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o several_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n minski_n cap._n borissow_n koidanow_n radoskowice_n lohoisko_n swislocz_n bobroisko_n odruczko_n smolniany_n and_o turkow_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v minski_n minski_n a_o large_a timber-built_a city_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n a_o strong_a castle_n and_o a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n with_o other_o fortification_n it_o be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n that_o turn_v a_o great_a many_o mill_n it_o be_v former_o the_o custom_n in_o russia_n under_o who_o dominion_n this_o palatinate_n be_v when_o this_o city_n be_v build_v to_o fortify_v their_o principal_a town_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o two_o castle_n here_o former_o the_o diet_n be_v keep_v alternative_o with_o vilna_n and_o novogrodeck_n borissow_n borissow_n a_o wooden_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n beresina_n which_o have_v a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v it_o lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n from_o vilna_n and_o have_v in_o it_o a_o good_a garrison_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n koidanow_n koidanow_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n about_o twenty_o five_o mile_n from_o vilna_n radoskowice_n radoskowice_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n where_o sigismundus_n augustus_n muster_v above_o 100000_o man_n at_o once_o in_o the_o year_n 1568._o lohoisko_n lohoisko_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o borissow_n swislocz_n swislocz_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n bobroisko_n bobroisko_n a_o town_n lie_v on_o the_o river_n beresina_n odruczko_n odruczko_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n which_o former_o give_v name_n to_o a_o duchy_n whereof_o several_a noble_a russian_n have_v the_o title_n minski_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o minski_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o same_o with_o lithuania_n only_o a_o m_n place_v sideways_o palatinate_n the_o five_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o polocz_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o polocz_n and_o vsacz_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n polocz_n cap._n vsacz_n or_o vsalza_n disna_n drissa_n druha_n starzitia_n and_o volisia_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v polocz_n polocz_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n or_o dwina_n it_o be_v former_o a_o city_n very_o considerable_a but_o in_o the_o year_n 1562_o john_n basilowitz_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovy_n take_v it_o and_o carry_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n away_o prisoner_n this_o place_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o moscovite_n to_o the_o year_n 1579_o when_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi recover_v it_o together_o with_o its_o whole_a territory_n it_o be_v former_o a_o duchy_n and_o subject_n only_o to_o its_o own_o prince_n here_o at_o present_a reside_v a_o russian_a prelate_n the_o jesuit_n also_o have_v a_o very_a fair_a foundation_n in_o this_o city_n build_v and_o endow_v by_o stephen_n batori_n usacz_n vsacz_n distant_a about_o three_o polish_v miles_n from_o polocz_n and_o situate_v on_o a_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n disna_n disna_n build_v on_o the_o duna_n and_o tolerable_o fortify_v it_o lie_v about_o six_o mile_n from_o polocz_n and_o forty_o from_o vilna_n druha_n druha_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n polocz_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o polocz_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n with_o a_o p_o â—_o sideways_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o coat_n have_v thus_o sir_n describe_v to_o you_o the_o present_a extent_n and_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n it_o will_v seem_v requisite_a as_o usual_a to_o give_v you_o a_o particular_a character_n of_o this_o nation_n but_o have_v a_o design_n to_o proceed_v to_o a_o second_o volume_n of_o this_o undertake_n where_o i_o will_v examine_v into_o the_o genius_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o both_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n at_o present_a i_o can_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o to_o jagellâ—â—'s_n time_n be_v the_o fourteen_o the_o century_n the_o lithuanian_a be_v pagan_n and_o worship_v many_o god_n or_o rather_o devil_n first_o they_o pay_v divine_a adoration_n to_o fire_n which_o they_o call_v in_o their_o language_n znicz_n signify_v sacred_a and_o keep_v it_o always_o alight_v in_o some_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a to_n for_o thiâ—â—_n end_n they_o assign_v several_a priest_n by_o who_o neglect_n or_o otherwise_o if_o ever_o it_o come_v to_o be_v extinguish_v they_o be_v immediate_o behead_v next_o they_o worship_v thunder_n call_z it_o in_o the_o sclavonian_a tongue_n perunum_n also_o they_o have_v divers_a grove_n where_o they_o pray_v to_o tall_a straight_a tree_n which_o they_o hold_v it_o sacrilege_n but_o to_o touch_v the_o devil_n or_o rather_o the_o cunning_a priest_n it_o seem_v be_v so_o politic_a in_o those_o day_n as_o to_o promote_v all_o these_o superstition_n by_o frightning_n these_o idolater_n when_o they_o offer_v in_o the_o least_o to_o forsake_v they_o when_o the_o sky_n be_v cloud_v they_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o sun_n be_v angry_a with_o they_o and_o therefore_o use_v their_o utmost_a art_n to_o appease_v he_o by_o prayer_n music_n etc._n etc._n they_o likewise_o believe_v serpent_n to_o be_v god_n which_o be_v their_o lares_fw-la or_o domestic_a deity_n and_o therefore_o each_o family_n keep_v one_o in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o daily_o sacrifice_v milk_n fowl_n and_o the_o like_a and_o one_o of_o which_o if_o they_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n to_o offend_v they_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v a_o omen_n of_o destruction_n to_o their_o whole_a progeny_n they_o have_v also_o a_o set_a time_n appoint_v for_o a_o solemn_a sacrifice_n be_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n when_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n they_o feast_v riotous_o for_o three_o day_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o samogitia_n upon_o their_o return_n from_o the_o war_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o sacrifice_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o captive_n with_o all_o their_o booty_n to_o the_o fire_n they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a with_o all_o their_o rich_a ornament_n on_o which_o they_o wear_v whilst_o live_v together_o with_o one_o of_o their_o most_o faithful_a servant_n their_o horse_n arm_n dog_n etc._n etc._n whilst_o all_o their_o relation_n and_o friend_n bring_v milk_n honey_n beer_n and_o the_o like_a and_o merry_o feast_v and_o dance_v about_o their_o funeral-pile_n to_o music_n of_o various_a kind_n all_o these_o pagan_a superstition_n and_o error_n jagello_n after_o he_o become_v christian_a in_o great_a measure_n abolish_v to_o effect_v which_o he_o together_o with_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o priest_n and_o several_a other_o learned_a man_n go_v into_o lithuania_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o lent_n in_o the_o year_n 1387_o where_o at_o vilna_n he_o first_o cause_v the_o sacred_a fire_n to_o be_v extinguish_v and_o the_o place_n wherein_o it_o be_v keep_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n then_o he_o proceed_v to_o kill_v the_o serpent_n cut_v down_o the_o grove_n pull_v down_o their_o altar_n and_o the_o like_a which_o the_o poor_a bigoted_a lithuanian_n wonder_v at_o cry_v
wont_a to_o reside_v here_o for_o conveniency_n of_o hunt_v sigismond_n iii_o build_v a_o fair_a bridge_n here_o over_o the_o nieman_n which_o be_v think_v not_o to_o have_v a_o equal_a in_o all_o poland_n the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o college_n or_o academy_n in_o this_o city_n for_o instruct_v of_o youth_n from_o hence_o divers_a kind_n of_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v from_o several_a part_n of_o lithuania_n to_o dantzic_n the_o district_n of_o grodno_n be_v indifferent_o large_a have_v be_v former_o a_o considerable_a duchy_n lida_n lida_n a_o town_n capital_a of_o its_o district_n build_v with_o wood_n have_v in_o it_o a_o tolerable_a castle_n and_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o gentry_n cowno_n cowno_n a_o famous_a timber-town_n though_o there_o be_v several_a house_n in_o it_o build_v with_o stone_n situate_v on_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n nieman_n and_o wilia_n with_o a_o strong_a ancient_a castle_n found_v on_o a_o rock_n upita_n vpita_n a_o wood-built_a town_n and_o capital_a of_o a_o very_a large_a district_n wherein_o be_v several_a to_n troki_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o troki_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n in_o a_o field_n azure_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o lithuania_n proper_a be_v that_o of_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n adjoin_v to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o partake_v in_o all_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n thereof_o it_o have_v but_o one_o very_o large_a district_n which_o be_v that_o of_o pinsko_n this_o palatinate_n contain_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n briescia_n pinsko_n biala_n prepetus_n camenecia_n cobrinia_n janovia_n voinia_n rososia_n and_o vlodava_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o which_o be_v brescia_n brescia_n or_o briescia_n a_o large_a wooden_a city_n build_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o lithuania_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n bug_n with_o a_o timber_n castle_n found_v on_o a_o rock_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n muchavecz_n this_o city_n be_v distant_a about_o twenty_o five_o mile_n from_o lublin_n and_o thirty_o from_o warsaw_n to_o the_o east_n in_o it_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a academy_n for_o jew_n of_o any_o in_o europe_n whither_o that_o people_n resort_n from_o italy_n germany_n moravia_n silesia_n etc._n etc._n not_o only_o to_o study_v but_o take_v degree_n in_o that_o religion_n without_o this_o city_n also_o be_v a_o regal_a palace_n of_o modern_a architecture_n with_o variety_n of_o pleasant_a garden_n pinsko_n pinsko_fw-mi a_o timber-built_a city_n and_o indifferent_o large_a seat_v on_o the_o river_n perepet_n which_o pass_v by_o divers_a town_n in_o russia_n fall_v into_o the_o boristhenes_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o industrious_a and_o make_v frequent_a journey_n into_o muscovy_n and_o germany_n on_o account_n of_o merchandize_v they_o be_v general_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o have_v a_o bishop_n of_o that_o sect_n who_o reside_v among_o they_o biala_n biala_n famous_a only_a for_o a_o palace_n build_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o the_o family_n of_o radzivil_n which_o be_v now_o convert_v into_o a_o college_n for_o the_o instruct_v of_o youth_n prepetus_n prepetus_n a_o town_n with_o a_o old_a castle_n build_v on_o the_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n briescia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o briescia_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a differ_v only_o by_o a_o b_o in_o the_o middle_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o novogrodec_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n which_o be_v the_o district_v of_o novogrodec_n and_o slonim_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n novogrodec_n cap._n slonim_n wolkowisko_n lacowickz_n mysza_n zlucz_n rozan_n neswitz_n and_o selecz_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v novogrodec_n novogrodec_n a_o large_a timber-city_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o lithuania_n here_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o town_n of_o minski_n be_v hold_v a_o parliament_n for_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n slonim_n slonim_n a_o wooden_a city_n who_o district_n be_v former_o a_o duchy_n wolkowisko_n wolkowisko_n a_o large_a town_n contain_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n or_o tribunal_n for_o the_o gentry_n lacowickz_n lacowickz_n famous_a for_o a_o very_a fair_a palace_n build_v by_o a_o grand_a general_n of_o lithuania_n and_o well_o fortify_v after_o the_o modern_a way_n mysza_n mysza_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n seat_v by_o a_o lake_n and_o all_o surround_v by_o a_o plain_n zlucz_n zlucz_n one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o this_o country_n but_o nevertheless_o be_v all_o of_o wood_n except_o only_o the_o cathedral_n and_o ducal_z palace_n this_o city_n have_v not_o long_o since_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n with_o large_a territory_n but_o he_o be_v always_o tributary_n to_o poland_n it_o be_v at_o present_a in_o possession_n of_o the_o family_n of_o radzivil_n rozan_n rozan_n a_o well-built_a town_n with_o very_o fair_a street_n neswitz_n neswitz_n where_o nicholas_n radzivil_n surname_v the_o pilgrim_n have_v found_v several_a noble_a public_a edifice_n a_o description_n whereof_o i_o have_v omit_v for_o brevity_n sake_n novogrodec_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o novogrodec_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v that_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n in_o a_o azure_a field_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o mscislaw_n lie_v between_o the_o river_n peripet_fw-la to_o the_o south_n and_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o the_o east_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o triangular_a form_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o overrun_v with_o wood_n or_o overflowed_a with_o water_n what_o plain_a land_n it_o have_v be_v general_o very_o fruitful_a it_o likewise_o abound_v with_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o great_a number_n of_o excellent_a fowl_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o very_a large_a district_n which_o be_v the_o district_v of_o mscislaw_n and_o modziria_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n mscislaw_n cap._n modzir_fw-it dambrownuna_fw-la bychow_n kopysz_n sklow_n reczycza_n viszchorod_n strissin_n cleckum_n ouruckum_n homlia_n criczow_n and_o ostrskum_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v mscislaw_n mscislaw_n a_o timber_a city_n build_v on_o the_o river_n sosa_fw-la with_o a_o castle_n defend_v by_o palisado_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n and_o therefore_o be_v strong_o garrison_v this_o district_n be_v former_o a_o sovereignty_n but_o it_o be_v now_o reduce_v modzir_fw-it modzir_fw-it a_o city_n capital_a of_o its_o district_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n dambrownuna_fw-la dambrownuna_n a_o town_n with_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o moscovy_n about_o fourteen_o mile_n from_o smolensko_n bychow_n bychow_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o mohilow_n kopysz_n kopysz_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n sklow_n sklow_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n repute_v to_o be_v a_o county_n and_o of_o which_o the_o magnificent_a john_n chodkiewil_n write_v himself_o hereditary_a palatin_n reczycza_n reczycza_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n situate_a on_o the_o boristhenes_n viszehorod_n viszehorod_n situate_v upon_o the_o boristhenes_n about_o three_o mile_n from_o kiow_n strissin_n strissin_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n mscislaw_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o mscislaw_n arms._n the_o arm_n and_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n differ_v only_o in_o a_o m_n place_v in_o the_o middle_n palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o vitebsko_fw-mi like_o the_o former_a border_v upon_o the_o duna_n towards_o the_o east_n have_v but_o one_o large_a district_n which_o be_v the_o district_n of_o orsha_n in_o this_o palatinate_n be_v these_o several_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n witebsko_fw-mi cap._n orsha_n mohilow_n czasniki_n sienno_n leplo_n and_o woroniec_n the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v of_o witebsko_n witebsko_n a_o timber-built_a city_n indifferent_o large_a situate_a on_o the_o river_n dwina_n by_o which_o divers_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v from_o hence_o to_o riga_n in_o livonia_n it_o have_v two_o large_a castle_n well_o defend_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n who_o have_v be_v often_o repulse_v thence_o with_o considerable_a loss_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v always_o four_o company_n of_o foot_n soldier_n each_o consist_v of_o 500_o man_n one_o whereof_o say_v guagnini_n