Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	day_n	time_n	year_n	5,874	4	4.7366	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A59105	The antiquities of Palmyra containing the history of the city, and its emperors, from its foundation to the present time : with an appendix of critical observations on the names, religion, and government of the country and a commentary on the inscriptions lately found there.	Seller, Abednego, 1646?-1705.	1696 (1696)	Wing S2448; ESTC R2998	159,551	445

old_a syriac_a name_n keep_v its_o interest_n among_o the_o native_n and_o have_v at_o this_o day_n recover_v a_o entire_a possession_n as_o some_o other_o neighbour_a city_n in_o that_o country_n have_v do_v so_o caesarea_n in_o palestine_n be_v at_o present_a call_v as_o of_o old_a paneas_n and_o petra_n in_o arabia_n be_v now_o name_v bosra_n to_o omit_v other_o instance_n for_o as_o lib._n 14._o c._n 8._o seleucus_n nicator_n urbes_fw-la construxit_fw-la multis_fw-la opibus_fw-la firmas_fw-la &_o viribus_fw-la quarum_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la plereque_fw-la licet_fw-la graecis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la appellentur_fw-la quae_fw-la iisdem_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la imposita_fw-la sunt_fw-la conditoris_fw-la primogenita_fw-la tamen_fw-la nomina_fw-la non_fw-la amittunt_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la linguâ_fw-la institutores_fw-la veteres_fw-la indiderunt_fw-la ammianus_n marcellinus_n have_v well_o observe_v when_o seleucus_n nicator_n rebuilt_a many_o old_a city_n in_o syria_n among_o who_o we_o may_v reckon_v palmyra_n and_o give_v they_o strength_n and_o riches_n though_o many_o of_o they_o be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o greek_a name_n which_o their_o founder_n seleucus_n give_v they_o yet_o they_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n among_o the_o native_n retain_v their_o old_a syrian_a appellation_n which_o their_o first_o founder_n impose_v hence_o come_v it_o that_o the_o new_a name_n of_o adrianople_n give_v to_o palmyra_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n wear_v out_o and_o though_o the_o greek_n call_v the_o island_n of_o corsica_n diod._n sic._n l._n 5._o p._n 205._o cyrnus_n the_o native_n still_o maintain_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o true_a name_n and_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n steph._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o heraclea_n be_v for_o a_o while_n call_v plistarchia_n in_o time_n it_o assert_v its_o ancient_a right_n and_o be_v call_v as_o former_o heraclea_n and_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o the_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v visit_v those_o oriental_a country_n have_v furnish_v themselves_o with_o instrument_n and_o spend_v some_o time_n in_o take_v the_o exact_a longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o several_a city_n in_o the_o chronological_a account_n i_o have_v follow_v the_o common_o receive_v epochas_n and_o according_o fix_v my_o series_n of_o time_n without_o enter_v into_o a_o overnice_a examination_n of_o particular_a dispute_n in_o chronology_n which_o be_v not_o so_o consonant_a to_o my_o present_a subject_n have_v fix_v the_o year_n of_o the_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o most_o learned_a archbishop_n usher_n i_o have_v free_o use_v the_o name_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o a_o distinguish_a epithet_n and_o beside_o the_o necessity_n of_o my_o subject_n which_o oblige_v i_o to_o it_o i_o may_v plead_v the_o usual_a practice_n in_o other_o language_n that_o the_o father_n do_v the_o same_o and_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a christian_n who_o go_v large_a length_n than_o i_o ever_o dare_v witness_v that_o epitaph_n in_o gruter_n 1050._o jovis_n optimi_fw-la maximi_fw-la beneficio_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o spe_fw-la resurrectionis_fw-la quiescit_fw-la nor_o can_v i_o be_v persuade_v that_o such_o study_n be_v disagreeable_a to_o my_o profession_n if_o any_o passage_n of_o that_o kind_n appear_v in_o the_o history_n i_o here_o renounce_v it_o and_o may_v it_o be_v as_o if_o it_o have_v never_o be_v say_v or_o write_v while_o the_o learned_a synesius_n have_v publish_v the_o life_n of_o typhon_n and_o osiris_n st._n ambrose_n as_o it_o be_v say_v and_o palladius_n the_o history_n of_o the_o brachmanes_n and_o nonnus_n beside_o his_o paraphrase_n upon_o st._n john_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o dionysiaca_n though_o after_o all_o i_o must_v profess_v i_o expect_v to_o be_v treat_v rude_o by_o some_o sour_a critic_n but_o have_v no_o private_a design_n in_o these_o paper_n i_o shall_v please_v myself_o to_o be_v correct_v by_o a_o man_n of_o sense_n and_o temper_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n they_o be_v beneath_o consideration_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o a_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_a aught_o to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o the_o learned_a language_n as_o probable_o it_o may_v be_v hereafter_o but_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o publish_v the_o commentary_n in_o the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o text_n and_o that_o the_o journal_o have_v be_v set_v forth_o in_o english_a the_o history_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o same_o tongue_n and_o have_v not_o a_o good_a part_n of_o my_o paper_n when_o finish_v be_v unhappy_o lose_v past_o retrieve_v my_o genius_n also_o nauseat_v the_o drudgery_n of_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o i_o may_v perhaps_o have_v manage_v the_o subject_a with_o more_o accuracy_n p._n 258._o i_o have_v affirm_v that_o the_o satur_n and_o jupiter_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v bear_v after_o the_o day_n of_o job_n and_o of_o joshua_n and_o herein_o i_o have_v follow_v the_o father_n particular_o theophilus_n of_o antioch_n a_o excellent_a chronologist_n and_o who_o by_o that_o unanswerable_a argument_n have_v ruin_v all_o that_o be_v then_o say_v for_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o heathen_a god_n who_o in_o one_o place_n of_o his_o excellent_a work_n against_o autolycus_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v just_o style_v by_o lactantius_n libre_fw-la de_fw-la temporibus_fw-la affirm_v l._n 2._o p._n 58._o that_o saturn_n jupiter_n neptune_n and_o pluto_n be_v much_o young_a than_o the_o creation_n in_o a_o second_o l._n 3._o p._n 258._o that_o jupiter_n be_v much_o young_a than_o moses_n and_o the_o law_n but_o more_o express_o in_o a_o three_o p._n 282._o that_o cronus_n and_o belus_n i._n e._n saturn_n as_o thallus_n say_v in_o his_o history_n live_v but_o 322_o year_n before_o the_o trojan_a war_n whereas_o moses_n live_v 630_o year_n before_o that_o famous_a epocha_n and_o the_o chronologer_n petavius_n prove_v that_o when_o saturn_n flee_v into_o italy_n drive_v out_o by_o his_o son_n jupiter_n ehud_n be_v then_o a_o judge_n in_o israel_n about_o the_o year_n 1330_o before_o christ_n and_o that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o janus_n to_o who_o saturn_n flee_v to_o aeneas_n the_o whole_a be_v not_o 200_o year_n the_o arabic_a author_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o this_o day_n possess_v with_o the_o opinion_n that_o tadmur_n be_v build_v by_o solomon_n and_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o spirit_n as_o be_v also_o baalbec_n say_v benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o superstitious_a jew_n and_o arab_n think_v it_o impossible_a that_o art_n shall_v perfect_v a_o stupendous_a building_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o familiar_a if_o the_o city_n be_v destroy_v by_o nabuchadnezzar_n before_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o jerusalem_n as_o john_n malela_n express_o affirm_v and_o in_o this_o account_n we_o may_v give_v he_o credit_n because_o he_o be_v of_o that_o country_n and_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o affair_n of_o syria_n than_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o seleucus_n nicator_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o syrian_a empire_n rebuilt_a tadhmur_n as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o city_n and_o that_o then_o in_o honour_n to_o he_o and_o compliance_n with_o both_o their_o benefactor_n and_o conqueror_n they_o date_v their_o public_a write_n from_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v common_o style_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n fit_v it_o for_o a_o public_a mart_n and_o the_o city_n alalis_n sura_n ptol._n l._n 5._o c._n 15._o and_o alamata_n be_v part_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o build_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o euphrates_n may_v be_v presume_v the_o port_n where_o they_o bring_v their_o good_n either_o export_v or_o import_v on_o that_o noble_a river_n the_o city_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o republic_a of_o what_o bigness_n and_o capacity_n for_o carriage_n the_o river_n that_o do_v run_v by_o its_o wall_n be_v we_o know_v not_o it_o have_v be_v many_o year_n since_o absorb_v that_o there_o run_v a_o river_n there_o in_o ptolemy_n time_n the_o geogragrapher_n affirm_v express_o that_o many_o other_o river_n have_v be_v lose_v in_o earthquake_n to_o which_o the_o eastern_a region_n be_v very_a subject_n no_o man_n doubt_n and_o some_o which_o yet_o continue_v to_o run_v be_v soon_o bury_v l._n 1._o c._n 13._o mela_n aver_v that_o a_o great_a river_n arise_v near_o corycus_n in_o cilicia_n and_o have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n be_v immediate_o swallow_v and_o disappear_v and_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o aleppo_n be_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n afterward_o bury_v in_o the_o sand_n when_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o enlarge_v their_o conquest_n in_o syria_n i_o question_v not_o but_o palmyra_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o arab_n for_o when_o pompey_n the_o great_a after_o the_o death_n

say_v l._n 19_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n be_v as_o extravagant_a as_o those_o of_o a_o mother_n for_o a_o only_a son_n the_o epistle_n send_v from_o alexandria_n to_o give_v notice_n that_o osiris_n or_o adonis_n be_v find_v be_v mention_v say_v the_o father_n by_o the_o prophet_n isaiah_n 18.2_o wo_n to_o the_o land_n that_o send_v their_o ambassador_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o vessel_n of_o bulrush_n upon_o the_o water_n or_o as_o the_o septuagint_n more_o pertinent_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o mournful_a solemnity_n by_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n 8.14_o who_o among_o the_o abominable_a idolatry_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n mention_n the_o woman_n weep_v for_o thammûz_n cyril_n in_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ità_fw-la &_o procop._n in_o loc_n &_o theodorit_n in_o ezek._n 8._o hieron_n ib._n stephan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d procop._n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o from_o egypt_n the_o superstition_n spread_v itself_o over_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n over_o phoenicia_n syria_n and_o cyprus_n who_o challenge_v the_o mock_n deity_n for_o their_o own_o nor_o do_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n the_o israelite_n escape_v the_o infection_n but_o they_o also_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o madness_n the_o old_a arabian_a zabii_n say_v ben_n maimon_n affirm_v that_o in_o that_o night_n in_o which_o thammùz_n be_v slay_v all_o the_o idol_n that_o be_v in_o the_o world_n meet_v at_o babylon_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o relate_v to_o they_o what_o have_v befall_v thammûz_n whereupon_o the_o image_n weep_v and_o lament_v all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n every_o one_o of_o they_o fly_v back_o to_o his_o old_a station_n from_o whence_o say_v he_o come_v the_o custom_n of_o mourn_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n over_o thammûz_n in_o the_o month_n call_v by_o his_o name_n the_o month_n thammûz_n ses_fw-fr st._n hierome_n answer_v to_o our_o june_n and_o the_o jewish_a astronomer_n call_v the_o sun_n entrance_n into_o cancer_n thekupha_n thammuz_o the_o revolution_n or_o period_n of_o thammuz_n the_o whole_a feast_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o death_n of_o the_o mock_n god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o search_n after_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o findhim_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o festival_n have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o old_a calendar_n gruter_n 138_o 139._o in_o which_o we_o find_v isid_n aavigium_n not_o lavatio_fw-la as_o vrsinus_n read_v it_o but_o navigium_fw-la as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v and_o in_o another_o month_n heurisis_n v._o macrob._n saturnal_a l._n 1._o c._n 21._o the_o whole_a have_v its_o mythological_a moral_a for_o by_o adonis_n osiris_n and_o thammuz_n be_v mean_v the_o sun_n who_o when_o the_o summer_n solstice_n be_v past_a move_v backward_o towards_o the_o south_n seem_v to_o have_v deprive_v the_o northern_a hemisphere_n of_o his_o presence_n and_o influence_n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o l._n 4._o c._n 14._o julius_n pollux_n say_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o phoenicia_n call_v adonis_n gingras_n probable_o from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o pipe_n make_v of_o the_o bone_n of_o a_o goose-leg_n which_o they_o use_v in_o his_o solemnity_n which_o make_v a_o very_a melancholy_n and_o sorrowful_a music_n and_o they_o have_v a_o dance_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o first_o inventor_n of_o husbandry_n who_o die_v in_o the_o summertime_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v and_o who_o be_v honour_v yearly_o with_o a_o mournful_a song_n by_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o country_n who_o at_o that_o time_n use_v to_o sow_v their_o wheat_n and_o barley_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o city_n say_v the_o scholiast_n on_o therocritus_n accompany_v by_o as_o doleful_a instrumental_a music_n the_o custom_n still_o in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n of_o frequent_v the_o river_n at_o this_o festival_n i_o presume_v have_v its_o original_a also_o in_o egypt_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n pay_v a_o peculiar_a veneration_n to_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n as_o st._n athanasius_n who_o be_v bear_v there_o affirm_v and_o lactantius_n add_v that_o they_o worship_v the_o river_n yearly_a because_o there_o isis_n begin_v her_o search_n of_o osiris_n that_o all_o this_o pomp_n be_v old_a than_o the_o jewish_a captivity_n the_o holy_a writ_n aver_v it_o last_v to_o the_o day_n of_o plutarch_n and_o the_o astronomer_n ptolomee_o who_o mention_v it_o as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o old_a apologist_n for_o christianity_n julius_n pollux_n enumerate_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o mourn_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o commodus_n and_o lucian_n aver_v that_o he_o see_v one_o of_o those_o little_a ark_n that_o bring_v the_o letter_n from_o alexandria_n float_v into_o the_o harbour_n while_o he_o be_v at_o byblus_n the_o practice_n continue_v in_o egypt_n when_o cyril_n be_v patriarch_n there_o about_o the_o year_n 440_o after_o christ_n and_o in_o phoenicia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o procopius_n of_o gaza_n who_o live_v above_o a_o 100_o year_n after_o cyril_n and_o to_o this_o day_n be_v in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n as_o my_o honour_a friend_n inform_v i_o and_o probable_o in_o some_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v this_o digression_n which_o be_v not_o disagreeable_a to_o my_o subject_n and_o if_o the_o reader_n who_o i_o earnest_o desire_v to_o correct_v the_o errata_fw-la before_o he_o begin_v the_o book_n find_v any_o advantage_n by_o the_o undertake_n i_o shall_v not_o think_v my_o time_n ill_o employ_v the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n in_o the_o history_n chap._n 1._o the_o building_n of_o tadmur_n by_o solomon_n page_n 3_o chap._n 2._o the_o situation_n product_v and_o inhabitant_n p._n 6._o chap._n 3._o the_o commerce_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o city_n p._n 11._o chap._n 4._o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o city_n from_o solmon_n be_v time_n p._n 16._o chap._n 5._o the_o religion_n and_o ecclesiastical_a government_n p._n 19_o chap._n 6._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o its_o foundation_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a p._n 24._o chap._n 7._o it_o be_v state_n under_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n to_o augustus_n p._n 26._o chap._n 8._o it_o be_v condition_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n to_o hadrian_n p._n 28._o chap._n 9_o the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n under_o hadrian_n p._n 33._o chap._n 10._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o hadrian_n to_o gallienus_n p._n 38._o chap._n 11._o the_o life_n and_o athievement_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 42._o chap._n 12._o the_o state_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o act_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 47._o chap._n 13._o the_o folly_n and_o stupidity_n of_o gallienus_n with_o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o the_o persian_n p._n 53._o chap._n 14._o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o quietus_n and_o balista_n p._n 60._o chap._n 15._o the_o murder_n of_o odenathus_n the_o short_a reign_n of_o maeonius_n with_o his_o character_n p._n 66._o chap._n 16._o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n valerian_n p._n 70._o chap._n 17._o the_o original_a and_o birth_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 76._o chap._n 18._o her_o learning_n magnificence_n and_o virtue_n p._n 80._o chap._n 19_o the_o religion_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 85._o chap._n 20._o her_o courage_n and_o bravery_n p._n 89._o chap._n 21._o her_o illustrious_a atchivement_n victory_n over_o heraclian_n and_o conquest_n of_o egypt_n p._n 94._o chap._n 22._o the_o reign_n of_o aurelian_a the_o battle_n of_o imma_n p._n 100_o chap._n 23._o the_o fatal_a battle_n of_o emesa_n the_o siege_n of_o palmyra_n p._n 105._o chap._n 24._o palmyra_n take_v zenobia_n make_v a_o prisoner_n p._n 111._o chap._n 25._o zenobia_n be_v minister_n slay_v and_o among_o they_o longinus_n p._n 115._o chap._n 26._o the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o the_o city_n destroy_v by_o aurelian_a p._n 117._o chap._n 27._o the_o history_n of_o firmius_n zenobia_n be_v confederate_a p._n 121._o chap._n 28._o the_o account_n of_o zenobia_n till_o aurelian_a be_v triumph_v p._n 124._o chap._n 29._o the_o triumph_n of_o aurelian_a over_o zenobia_n and_o tetricus_n p._n 127._o chap._n 30._o the_o history_n of_o zenobia_n after_o the_o triumph_n till_o her_o death_n with_o a_o account_n of_o her_o family_n p._n 133._o chap._n 31._o the_o murder_n of_o aurelian_a p._n 136._o chap._n 32._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n under_o dioclesian_n p._n 140._o chap._n 33._o the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n to_o justinian_n p._n 150._o chap._n 34._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n from_o justinian_n to_o the_o present_a age_n p._n 153._o in_o the_o appendix_n the_o inscription_n p._n 163._o chap._n 1._o of_o the_o name_n tadmur_n and_o palmyra_n p._n 175._o

pretext_n that_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n have_v receive_v his_o crown_n from_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n whereas_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n but_o in_o truth_n stimulate_v by_o his_o desire_n of_o vainglory_n make_v a_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n reduce_v armenia_n and_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n take_v nisibis_n and_o batnae_n and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o senate_n with_o the_o name_n of_o parthicus_n add_v to_o his_o other_o title_n after_o which_o he_o winter_v at_o antioch_n where_o he_o by_o a_o extraordinary_a providence_n and_o with_o much_o difficulty_n escape_v perish_v in_o that_o great_a earthquake_n which_o have_v almost_o ruine_v that_o noble_a city_n after_o this_o he_o return_v into_o the_o east_n past_o the_o euphrates_n subdue_v all_o adiabene_n arbela_n and_o gaugamela_n and_o come_v to_o babylon_n the_o parthian_n being_n unable_a to_o oppose_v he_o have_v be_v much_o weaken_a by_o their_o civil_a dissension_n then_o he_o pass_v the_o tigris_n and_o go_v to_o ctesiphon_n and_o thence_o pursue_v his_o conquest_n to_o the_o ocean_n where_o he_o declare_v that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v as_o young_a as_o alexander_n he_o will_v have_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o that_o illustrious_a prince_n and_o have_v sail_v into_o india_n but_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o amuse_v himself_o with_o his_o vain_a ambitious_a thought_n the_o province_n which_o he_o have_v subdue_v revolt_v and_o seize_v and_o murder_v the_o roman_a garrison_n whereupon_o trajan_n command_v lusius_n and_o maximus_n to_o chastise_v the_o rebel_n and_o to_o reduce_v the_o city_n to_o term_n of_o duty_n and_o obedience_n in_o this_o expedition_n maximus_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n but_o lusius_n recover_v nisibis_n take_v edessa_n as_o he_o do_v also_o seleucia_n and_o other_o place_n by_o his_o lieutenant-general_n whereupon_o to_o prevent_v their_o future_a revolt_n trajan_n give_v the_o parthian_n a_o king_n and_o settle_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o east_n as_o aurelian_a as_o in_o aurelian_a vopiscus_n call_v that_o country_n because_o in_o respect_n of_o rome_n the_o sun_n seem_v to_o rise_v in_o parthia_n and_o this_o the_o coin_n confirm_v which_o mention_v the_o reduce_n of_o armenia_n and_o mesopotamia_n under_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o emperor_n reign_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v probable_a palmyra_n be_v much_o ruin_v for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o have_v want_v the_o favourable_a assistance_n of_o trajan_n successor_n who_o may_v be_v just_o reckon_v their_o second_o founder_n hadrian_n be_v a_o magnificent_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a builder_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n call_v the_o wall-flower_n a_o great_a number_n of_o eminent_a edifice_n owe_v their_o be_v and_o beauty_n to_o his_o liberality_n he_o it_o be_v who_o build_v the_o fora_n at_o nicodemia_n and_o nice_n 598._o chron._n alex_n p._n 598._o the_o four_o highway_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o look_v towards_o bythinia_n at_o cyzicum_n he_o build_v the_o temple_n and_o floar_v it_o with_o marble_n and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n he_o either_o erect_v new_a or_o repair_v the_o old_a building_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a and_o in_o almost_o every_o city_n of_o his_o vast_a empire_n he_o leave_v some_o mark_n of_o his_o magnificence_n hadrian_n magnificence_n hadrian_n dio_fw-mi cassius_n affirm_v that_o he_o generous_o assist_v all_o the_o town_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o empire_n or_o confederate_a with_o it_o of_o which_o he_o visit_v more_o than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v employ_v in_o more_o than_o one_o progress_n through_o those_o spacious_a territory_n some_o city_n he_o adorn_v with_o aqueduct_n other_o with_o safe_a port_n upon_o some_o he_o bestow_v a_o donative_n of_o corn_n or_o public_a building_n upon_o other_o money_n or_o privilege_n 364._o privilege_n jo._n malel_n par_fw-fr 1._o pag._n 363_o 364._o at_o antioch_n he_o repair_v what_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o that_o terrible_a and_o furious_a earthquake_n that_o in_o trajan_n time_n have_v almost_o bury_v that_o noble_a city_n in_o its_o own_o ruin_n as_o he_o do_v the_o temple_n at_o cyzicum_n which_o in_o his_o own_o reign_n have_v be_v destroy_v by_o another_o earthquake_n and_o make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o world_n wonder_n for_o architecture_n and_o beauty_n bestow_v great_a privilege_n upon_o the_o poor_a undo_v inhabitant_n which_o be_v the_o noble_a charity_n he_o also_o re-erect_v the_o colossus_n at_o rhodes_n which_o have_v be_v many_o year_n before_o throw_v down_o by_o a_o earthquake_n above_o all_o he_o be_v a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n towards_o which_o he_o always_o express_v a_o peculiar_a regard_n as_o in_o requital_n they_o call_v he_o while_o alive_a adrianus_n olympius_n in_o their_o coin_n and_o inscription_n as_o he_o be_v in_o several_a other_o city_n after_o his_o death_n deify_v especial_o in_o syria_n for_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n and_o to_o be_v do_v good_a be_v in_o the_o esteem_n even_o of_o the_o heathen_a world_n most_o godlike_a quality_n chap._n ix_o but_o the_o liberality_n of_o this_o munificent_a emperor_n be_v not_o confine_v to_o greece_n or_o the_o adjacent_a part_n of_o asia_n the_o remote_a city_n of_o syria_n who_o have_v suffer_v so_o deep_o during_o the_o war_n which_o trajan_n make_v in_o the_o east_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o their_o share_n in_o his_o bounty_n for_o he_o have_v be_v a_o hadr._n a_o sparta_n hadr._n lieutenant-general_n in_o that_o expedition_n and_o have_v see_v the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o war_n and_o military_a rage_n and_o rapine_n and_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o trajan_n have_v make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o parthian_n envious_a of_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n say_v sextus_n rufus_n very_o malicious_o have_v remove_v the_o king_n who_o trajan_n have_v set_v over_o they_o and_o withdraw_v the_o roman_a army_n out_o of_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o the_o euphrates_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o ambitious_a to_o have_v his_o name_n inscribe_v on_o all_o his_o public_a building_n as_o it_o be_v customary_a he_o give_v it_o to_o the_o city_n which_o he_o new_o build_v or_o beautify_v among_o who_o we_o must_v reckon_v palmyra_n vrb_n palmyra_n steph._n the_o vrb_n which_o after_o he_o have_v repair_v its_o ruin_n he_o call_v hadrianople_n and_o with_o the_o leave_n of_o father_n harduin_n perhaps_o the_o coin_n in_o the_o king_n of_o france_n treasury_n and_o in_o mounseur_fw-fr patin_n p._n 203._o with_o this_o incription_n αδριαν_fw-gr μητρορολιϲ_n may_v be_v ascribe_v not_o to_o hadrianople_n in_o thrace_n nor_o that_o other_o city_n in_o cyrenaica_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o to_o palmyra_n which_o be_v a_o mother-city_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o 99_o the_o pag._n 99_o inscription_n and_o by_o ptolemy_n who_o not_o only_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o metropoles_fw-la of_o coelesyria_n but_o make_v it_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o palmyrene_n which_o have_v its_o denomination_n from_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unfit_o represent_v by_o a_o woman_n sit_v on_o a_o hill_n for_o tadmor_n be_v enclose_v on_o three_o side_n with_o long_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n the_o castle_n be_v build_v on_o one_o of_o they_o which_o command_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o city_n and_o to_o this_o city_n i_o will_v ascribe_v the_o coin_n of_o caracalla_n in_o mounseur_fw-fr patin_n p._n 302._o with_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o archer_n almost_o naked_a on_o the_o reverse_n his_o thin_a habit_n imply_v the_o heat_n and_o his_o arm_n the_o militia_n of_o his_o country_n the_o sagittarii_fw-la of_o palmyrene_n be_v famous_a in_o history_n this_o city_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o adrian_n visit_v when_o in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n he_o make_v his_o progress_n into_o the_o east_n and_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o all_o the_o king_n and_o toparch_n who_o territory_n lay_v in_o those_o part_n and_o this_o his_o expedition_n i_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o inscription_n in_o which_o expedition_n 105._o pag._n 105._o malech_n agrippa_n the_o son_n of_o jaraius_n be_v the_o second_o time_n the_o secretary_n of_o the_o city_n and_o when_o that_o prince_n happen_v to_o draw_v near_o his_o end_n and_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v in_o fear_n of_o lose_v their_o patron_n their_o neighbour_n of_o the_o city_n tieve_v three_o day_n journey_n from_o tadmor_n towards_o the_o euphrates_n probable_o the_o oriza_n of_o ptolemy_n as_o the_o learned_a mr._n halley_n conjecture_n and_o a_o city_n of_o paelmyrene_n as_o ptolemy_n reckon_v it_o make_v their_o vow_n for_o his_o recovery_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n 109._o pag._n 109._o for_o in_o the_o last_o year_n the_o nineteenth_o of_o his_o reign_n not_o the_o seven_o as_o

make_v that_o place_n the_o seat_n of_o his_o constant_a residence_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o church_n from_o the_o sacrilegious_a saracen_n eight_o year_n after_o this_o 88_o procop._n bel._n pers_n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o p._n 88_o when_o belisarius_n have_v reduce_v italy_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o emperor_n ann._n chr._n 535_o chosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n concert_v his_o affair_n with_o alamundarus_n one_o of_o the_o arabian_a prince_n that_o he_o shall_v invade_v arethas_n another_o of_o the_o saracen_n king_n but_o in_o the_o roman_a interest_n upon_o the_o pretext_n that_o arethas_n detain_v from_o he_o a_o little_a region_n call_v strata_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o city_n palmyra_n but_o barren_a of_o all_o thing_n be_v burn_v with_o the_o fervent_a sun_n so_o that_o it_o produce_v neither_o tree_n nor_o fruit_n and_o be_v destine_v only_o to_o the_o feed_n of_o a_o few_o cattle_n 97._o id._n c._n 5._o p._n 97._o whereupon_o chosroes_n make_v a_o inroad_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n march_v his_o army_n three_o day_n by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n euphrates_n till_o he_o come_v to_o zenobia_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyrene_n but_o find_v the_o region_n uninhabited_a and_o destitute_a of_o all_o necessary_n the_o city_n also_o refuse_v to_o surrender_v when_o require_v to_o do_v so_o he_o retire_v to_o sura_n another_o city_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n chap._n xxxiv_o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o repair_n of_o palmyra_n by_o justinian_n it_o please_v god_n to_o permit_v mahomet_n a_o obscure_a arab_n to_o scourge_v the_o eastern_a church_n for_o their_o heresy_n and_o their_o loose_a manner_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o empire_n which_o with_o the_o religion_n call_v mahometan_n have_v prevail_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n and_o in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n after_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o that_o false_a prophet_n establish_v its_o jurisdiction_n in_o tadmur_n where_o it_o prevail_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1._o elmacin_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o 623._o the_o second_o of_o the_o hegira_n chosroes_n the_o second_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n command_v all_o the_o church_n in_o syria_n and_o mesopotamia_n to_o be_v destroy_v carry_v away_o with_o he_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n with_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o those_o holy_a place_n even_o to_o the_o very_a marble_n into_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o tadmur_n be_v not_o exempt_a from_o this_o dreadful_a persecution_n but_o whatever_o its_o fate_n be_v under_o chosroes_n it_o be_v unquestionable_a that_o a_o few_o year_n afterward_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o mahometan_n who_o anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 638_o hegirae_fw-la 16_o have_v take_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o rout_v izdigerde_n their_o last_o king_n and_o seize_v his_o empire_n the_o constantinopolitan_a prince_n not_o concern_v themselves_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o prevent_v these_o sudden_a and_o large_a conquest_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v make_v palmyra_n their_o own_o after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v the_o fortification_n be_v permit_v to_o run_v to_o decay_v it_o be_v no_o long_o a_o frontier_n since_o persia_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o arabia_n on_o the_o other_o and_o then_o also_o i_o conjecture_v it_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o mart_n the_o mahometan_n be_v in_o constant_a hostility_n with_o the_o christian_n so_o that_o the_o caravan_n not_o be_v able_a to_o travel_v safe_o the_o trade_n with_o the_o persian_a gulf_n be_v divert_v and_o lose_v of_o which_o beneficial_a commerce_n the_o city_n be_v deprive_v and_o situate_v in_o a_o desert_a country_n soon_o fall_v into_o poverty_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o year_n 659_o the_o 39th_o 5._o elmac._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o of_o the_o mahometan_a computation_n when_o muavias_n the_o son_n of_o abusofianus_n with_o his_o army_n of_o syrian_n march_v against_o alis_fw-la the_o five_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n he_o send_v dahacus_n with_o 3000_o man_n to_o plunder_v iraca_n after_o which_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o province_n of_o higiaza_n and_o have_v murder_v all_o the_o arab_n they_o meet_v with_o load_v themselves_o with_o their_o spoil_n whereupon_o alis_fw-la send_v against_o he_o his_o general_n hagjar_v the_o son_n of_o adis_n with_o 4000_o man_n who_o folfow_v they_o as_o far_o as_o tadmur_v within_o the_o district_n of_o emesa_n for_o so_o it_o be_v reckon_v at_o that_o time_n where_o they_o have_v a_o sharp_a engagement_n in_o which_o dahacus_n be_v rout_v and_o by_o this_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o tadmur_n come_v very_o early_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o mahomet_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 746_o 21._o id._n l._n 1._o c._n 21._o of_o the_o hegira_n 127_o the_o people_n of_o emesa_n at_o that_o time_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o country_n rebel_v against_o merwan_n the_o caliph_n who_o come_v against_o the_o town_n with_o a_o strong_a force_n and_o besiege_v it_o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n supplicate_v his_o pardon_n promise_v obedience_n and_o open_v their_o gate_n but_o when_o the_o caliph_n have_v enter_v the_o city_n in_o the_o head_n of_o 300_o man_n the_o citizen_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n and_o slay_v all_o the_o soldier_n merwan_n himself_o hardly_o escape_v through_o the_o gate_n that_o lead_v to_o tadmur_v the_o old_a roman_a road_n lie_v from_o emesa_n to_o apamea_n and_o thence_o to_o palmyra_n but_o the_o direct_a road_n lay_v through_o the_o desert_n without_o touch_v at_o apamea_n and_o when_o suleiman_n the_o son_n of_o hisjam_n be_v create_v caliph_n in_o opposition_n to_o merwan_n by_o the_o man_n of_o basra_n be_v overthrow_v in_o battle_n he_o retire_v first_o to_o emesa_n which_o he_o fortify_v but_o be_v a_o second_o time_n beat_v he_o flee_v to_o tadmur_v leave_v his_o brother_n saidus_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o emesa_n from_o which_o passage_n it_o appear_v to_o i_o credible_a that_o tadmur_n be_v then_o a_o place_n of_o little_a trade_n or_o interest_n but_o a_o sanctuary_n for_o the_o unfortunate_a for_o banditti_z and_o freebooter_n who_o flee_v thither_o and_o find_v a_o secure_a retreat_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o advantageous_a situation_n of_o the_o town_n which_o for_o several_a day_n journey_n be_v on_o every_o side_n surround_v with_o wild_a and_o uninhabited_a solitude_n and_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o bold_a conjecture_n how_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o palmyra_n in_o ptolemy_n time_n and_o which_o marius_n niger_n say_v empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euphrates_n happen_v so_o to_o be_v lose_v that_o now_o there_o remain_v no_o footstep_n of_o it_o i_o will_v affirm_v 11._o elmacin_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o that_o it_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o terrible_a earthquake_n that_o happen_v in_o those_o country_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 859_o of_o the_o hegira_n 245_o which_o ruine_v many_o a_o noble_a city_n throw_v down_o the_o palace_n at_o bagdat_n do_v great_a damage_n to_o carrae_n emesa_n damascus_n edessa_n laodicea_n and_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o arabic_a historian_n aver_v that_o a_o river_n vanish_v nor_o be_v it_o unusual_a in_o such_o most_o violent_a concussion_n be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o can_v discover_v what_o new_a channel_n it_o have_v find_v under_o ground_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a tadmur_n do_v not_o escape_v when_o all_o the_o neighbour_a city_n be_v harass_v and_o then_o the_o river_n may_v be_v absorb_v nor_o do_v justinian_n bring_v water_n to_o tadmur_v for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o garrison_n contradict_v this_o opinion_n because_o a_o river_n may_v be_v for_o other_o use_n and_o yet_o not_o fit_a for_o drink_v many_o other_o of_o the_o spring_n in_o those_o country_n be_v brackish_a and_o sulphurous_a about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1172_o 58._o itiner_n p._n 57_o 58._o benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o jew_n among_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n which_o he_o visit_v in_o his_o travel_n touch_v at_o tadmur_n and_o he_o inform_v we_o though_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o exact_a distance_n of_o place_n that_o from_o baalbeck_n or_o baalath_n build_v by_o solomon_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o libanus_n to_o tadmur_v in_o the_o desert_n be_v four_o day_n journey_n that_o solomon_n build_v it_o of_o large_a stone_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n that_o it_o be_v build_v in_o a_o desert_n far_o from_o any_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n 2000_o stout_a jew_n who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o christian_n and_o with_o the_o arab_n the_o subject_n of_o sultan_n noraldin_n but_o be_v ready_a to_o assist_v their_o neighbour_n the_o ishmaelite_n

from_o which_o passage_n it_o appear_v that_o in_o benjamin_n time_n the_o eastern_a jew_n a_o race_n of_o know_a wanderer_n have_v nest_v in_o tadmur_n desert_v probable_o by_o the_o arab_n and_o that_o they_o live_v by_o rapine_n and_o inroad_n when_o the_o caliphs_n of_o babylon_n begin_v to_o lose_v their_o empire_n i_o question_v not_o but_o tadmur_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o mamaluke_n and_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o their_o empire_n to_o the_o grand_a signior_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n they_o now_o live_v though_o govern_v by_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o and_o by_o the_o usage_n of_o our_o english_a merchant_n when_o melham_n be_v their_o emir_n it_o be_v put_v past_o all_o doubt_n that_o they_o have_v not_o forget_v to_o this_o day_n the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n of_o rob_v all_o that_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n for_o which_o rapine_n and_o their_o other_o ill_a management_n their_o emir_n be_v frequent_o depose_v and_o sometime_o strangle_v by_o the_o ottoman_a port_n so_o melham_n who_o rob_v the_o english_a merchant_n be_v in_o some_o time_n after_o surprise_v by_o the_o bassa_n of_o aleppo_n and_o put_v to_o death_n hassine_n his_o successor_n be_v anno_fw-la 1693_o depose_v and_o one_o dor_n substitute_v the_o emir_n of_o those_o arab_n thus_o i_o have_v according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o understanding_n give_v the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n from_o its_o first_o foundation_n to_o the_o present_a age_n and_o by_o this_o account_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o city_n as_o well_o as_o their_o inhabitant_n have_v their_o infancy_n and_o youth_n their_o riper_n year_n and_o their_o ●●ecrepit_a day_n that_o nothing_o can_v resist_v the_o insult_v of_o time_n and_o the_o barbarity_n of_o ungovernable_a conqueror_n and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o erect_v a_o monument_n to_o our_o memory_n that_o shall_v be_v last_v but_o a_o noble_a series_n of_o virtuous_a and_o brave_a action_n that_o they_o only_o rescue_v from_o oblivion_n and_o give_v immortality_n when_o marble_n shall_v moulder_n into_o dust_n and_o the_o world_n itself_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o finis_fw-la the_o appendix_n or_o critical_a observation_n upon_o the_o name_n of_o palmyra_n and_o tadmur_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n their_o office_n and_o religion_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o longinus_n and_o a_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n inscriptiones_fw-la palmyrenae_n i._o sepulchralia_fw-la i._o 1._o το_n μνημειον_fw-gr του_n ταρφεωνοϲ_n εκτιϲεν_fw-gr εξιδιων_fw-gr ϲεπτιμιοϲ_n οδαιναθοϲ_n ο_n λαμπροτατοϲ_n ϲυνκλητ_n ικοϲ_n αιρανου_n ουαβαλλαθου_n του_n ναϲωρου_n αυτωτε_n και_n υιοιϲ_n αυτου_n και_n υιωνοιϲ_n ειϲ_n το_n παν-τελεϲ_a αιωνιον_fw-gr τειμην_fw-gr ii_o 2._o μαρθειν_fw-gr αλεξανδρου_n του_n καπαδητου_n ουαβαλλαθουτου_n ϲυμωνου_n ϲοραιχοϲ_n αιρανου_n ανηρ_n αυτηϲ_n μνημηϲ_n ενεκεν_fw-gr μηνει_n δυϲτρω_fw-gr του_n ςυ_n ετουϲ_n iii_o 3._o το_n μνημειον_fw-gr εκτιϲαν_fw-gr εκαβηλεϲ_n μανναιοϲ_n ϲοχαειϲ_n μαλχϲϲ_n ουαβαλλαθου_n του_n μανναιου_n του_n ελαβηλου_n αυτω_fw-gr και_n υιοιϲ_n ετουϲ_n διυ_n μηνοϲ_n σανδικου_n iv_o 4._o μνημειον_fw-gr αιωνιον_fw-gr γεραϲ_n ωκοδομηϲεν_fw-gr γιχοϲ_n μοκιμου_n του_n καιλκιαλϲιϲου_n του_n μα_n ........_o ου_n ειϲτε_n εαυτον_fw-gr και_n υιουϲ_n και_n εκγονουϲ_n ετουϲ_n διτ_n μηνει_n ξανδικω_fw-gr ii_o elogia_fw-la honoraria_fw-la i._o publica_n ex_fw-la decreto_fw-la senatûs_fw-la 5._o ηβουαη_n και_n ο_n δημοϲ_n αλιλαμενα_n ρανου_n μοκιμου_n του_n αιρανου_n του_n μαθθα_n και_n αιρανην_fw-gr τον_fw-gr ρατερα_n αυτου_n ευϲεβεις_n και_n ρηιλορατριδαϲ_n κ_n αι_n ραντι_n τρορω_fw-gr ευ_n ϲειμωϲ_n αρεϲανταϲ_n τηρατριδικαι_n ρατριοιϲ_n θεοιϲ_n τειμηϲ_n χαριν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n νυ_n λ_n μηνοϲ_n ξανδικου_n ii_o 6._o η_n βουλη_n και_n ο_n δημοϲ_n βαρειχειν_fw-gr αμριϲαμϲου_n του_n ιαριβωλεουϲ_n και_n μοκιμον_fw-gr υιον_fw-gr αυτου_n ευϲεβειϲ_n και_n ρηιλορατριδαϲ_n τειμηϲ_n χαριν_fw-gr ...._o iii_o 7._o η_n βουλη_n και_n ο_n δημοϲ_n ιουλιον_fw-gr αυρηλιον_fw-gr ζηνοβιον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr και_n ζαβδιλαν_fw-gr διϲμαλχου_n του_n ναϲϲουμου_n ϲτρατηγηϲαντ'α_n εν_fw-gr εριδημια_n θεου_n αλεξανδρου_n και_n υρηρετηϲαντα_n ραρουϲια_n διηνεκει_n ρουτιλλιου_n κριϲρεινου_n του_n ηγηϲαμενου_n και_n εριδημηϲαϲαιϲ_n ουηξιλλατιοϲιν_fw-gr αγορανομηϲαντατε_n και_n οικονιϲωνα_n ρηειδηϲαντα_n χρηματων_fw-gr και_n καλωϲ_n ρολειτευϲαμενον_fw-gr ωϲ_n δια_n ταυτα_n μαρτυρηθεντα_n υρο_n θεου_n ιαριβωλου_n και_n υρο_n ιουλιου_n ......._o του_n εξοχωτατου_n εραρχου_n του_n ιερου_n ρραιτωριου_n και_n τηϲ_n ρατριδοϲ_n τον_fw-gr ρηιλορατριν_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n χαριν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n δνρη_n iv_o 8._o η_n βουλ_n η_n και_n ο_n δη_n μοϲ_n ϲερτιμιον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr κρατιϲτον_fw-gr ε_n ριτρορον_fw-gr ϲ_n εβαϲτου_n δουκην_fw-gr αριον_fw-gr ...._o εοδοτην_fw-gr τηϲ_n μητ_n οκολω_fw-gr νειαϲκαι_n ανακοκομιϲα_n ντα_n τ_n αϲ_n ϲυνοδιας_n εξ_n ιδιων_fw-gr και_n μαρτυρηθεντα_n υρο_n ιων_fw-gr αρχεμρορωνκαι_n λαμρρωϲ_n ϲτρατηγηϲαντα_n και_n ααγοραμομηϲαντα_n τηϲ_n αυτηϲ_n μητροκολωνειαϲ_n και_n ρλειϲτα_n οικοθεν_fw-gr αναλωϲαντα_n καιαρεϲαντα_n τητε_n αυτη_n βουλη_n και_n τωδημω_fw-gr και_n νυνει_n λαμρρωϲ_n ϲυμροϲιαρχον_fw-gr των_fw-gr του_n διοϲ_n βηλου_n ιε_n ρ_n ων_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n ενεκεν_fw-gr ετ_n ............_o ξανδικω_fw-gr ii_o elogia_fw-la honoraria_fw-la privata_fw-la i._o 9_o ιουλιον_fw-gr αυρηλαιον_fw-gr ζεβειδαν_fw-gr μοκιμου_n του_n ζεβειδου_n ......._o αϲτηωροβαιδαιοι_n ϲυν_fw-gr α_n υ_n τω_fw-gr κατελτηοντεϲ_n εϲ_n ολογεϲιαδα_n ενροροιαν_fw-gr εϲτηϲαν_fw-gr αρεϲαντα_n αυτοιϲ_n τειμηϲ_n χαριν_fw-gr ξανδικω_fw-gr του_n ηνρη_n ετουϲ_n ...._o ii_o 10._o ϲερτιμιον_fw-gr ουορωδην_fw-gr τον_fw-gr κρατιϲτον_fw-gr εριτρορον_fw-gr ϲεβαϲτου_n δουκηναριον_fw-gr και_n αρλρητην_fw-gr και_n in_o another_o copy_n take_v by_o mr._n goodyear_n αρ_n .._o αρητην_fw-gr in_o a_o three_o αρλρητην_fw-gr αροαρετην_fw-gr ιουλιοϲ_n αυρηλιοϲ_n τουμλε●ου_n αυρηλιοϲ_n ϲανμηϲ_n καϲϲιανοι_n του_n μ._n λεναιου_n in_o a_o three_o του_n τουμλε●ου_n εαλμηϲ_n καϲϲιανου_n υου_n μ_n ε_n λεναιου_n ιρρευϲ_n ρουμαων_fw-gr ιρρευϲ_n ρουμαων_fw-gr ρωμαιων_fw-gr τον_fw-gr ρηιμον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr ρηιμον_fw-gr ρηιλον_fw-gr και_n ρροϲτατην_fw-gr ετουϲ_n ηορη_n .._o μηνει_n ξανδικω_fw-gr iii_o 11._o ϲεβτιμ_n ιον_fw-gr ουορωδην_fw-gr τον_fw-gr κρα_n τιϲτον_fw-gr εριτρο_n ρον_fw-gr ϲεβαϲ_n του_n δουκ_n ηναριον_fw-gr κα_n ι_n αροαρε_n την_fw-gr ιουλιοτη_n αυ_n ρηλι_n οϲ_n ε_n αλμηϲ_n ρυιλϲοϲ_n μ_n ελεναι_n οϲ_n μαλωχα_n ναϲϲουμο_n υ_n ο_n κρατιϲτοϲ_n τον_fw-gr ρηιλον_fw-gr και_n ρροϲτατην_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n ενεκεν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n ...._o μηνει_n ξ_n ανδικω_fw-gr iv_o 12._o ϲερτιμιον_fw-gr αιρανην_fw-gr οδαινλτηϲυ_n τον_fw-gr λαμρροτατον_fw-gr ϲυνκλυικον_fw-gr v._o 13._o εξα_n ......_o ντων_fw-gr αυρηλι_n ...._o ρηλιοδωρ_n ....._o ϲτρατιωτηϲ_n λε_n ......_o κηϲ_n των_fw-gr ρατρων_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n και_n ευχαριϲτιαϲ_n χαριν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n γξρη_n vi_o 14._o ..._o υριλιον_fw-gr ουορωδην_fw-gr ϲυνκλ_n ητικον_fw-gr και_n βουλευτην_fw-gr ραλμυρηνον_fw-gr βηλα_n καβοϲαρϲα_n τον_fw-gr ρηι_n λον_fw-gr τειμηϲ_n χαριν_fw-gr ε_n τουϲ_n ορη_n vii_o 15._o μαλεντον_fw-gr και_n αγριρραν_fw-gr ιαραιου_n του_n ρααιου_n γραμματεδ_n γενομενον_fw-gr το_n δευτερον_fw-gr εριδημι_n α_n τηεου_n αδριανου_n αλιμμα_n ραραϲχοτα_n ξενοιϲ_n τε_n και_n ρολειτα_n ιϲ_n ενη_n ..._o ν_fw-gr υρηρετηϲαντα_n τητ_n ........._o ●●τευμα_n του_n ........_o υρο_n ..._o εκαι_n ......_o τον_fw-gr ναον_fw-gr τον_fw-gr ...._o διοϲ_n ...._o ντωτ_n ......_o viii_o arsoffae_n in_o monasterio_n maronitarum_fw-la 16._o †_o ερι_n εεργε_n εριεκo._n τε_n ευνγεν_fw-gr μαρωνιε_n τε_n χωρεριεκo._fw-fr iii_o anathemata_fw-la 17._o διι_n υρσιϲτω_fw-gr μεγιϲτω_fw-gr και_n ερηκοω_fw-gr βωλανοϲ_n ζηνοβιου_n του_n αιρανου_n του_n μοκιμου_n του_n μαθθα_n εριμελετηϲοη_n αιρεθειϲ_n ερηκαϲ_n ρηγηϲ_n υρο_n ιαριβωλου_n θεου_n τον_fw-gr βω_fw-gr μον_fw-gr εξ_n ιδιων_fw-gr ανεθηκεν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n δου_n μηνοϲ_n υρερβερεταιου_n κ._n iv_o vota_fw-la tievae_n 18._o διι_n μεγιϲτω_fw-gr κεραυνιω_fw-gr υρερ_n ϲωτηριαϲ_n τρα_n αδριανου_n ϲεβ_n ...._o του_n κυριου_n αγατηανγελοϲ_n αβιληνοϲ_n τηϲ_n δεκαρολεοϲ_n την_fw-gr καμαραν_fw-gr ωκοδομηϲεν_fw-gr και_n την_fw-gr κλινη_n ...._o εξ_n ιδιων_fw-gr ανετηηκεν_fw-gr ετουϲ_n εμυ_n μηνοϲ_n λωου_n v._o imperatorum_fw-la memoriae_fw-la 19_o ........_o es_fw-ge orbis_n &_o propagatores_fw-la generis_fw-la humani_fw-la d._n d._n n._n n._n diocletianus_n ........._o ssimi_fw-it impp._n &_o constantius_n &_o maximianus_n nobb_n caes_n castra_n feliciter_fw-la condiderunt_fw-la ......._o ntes_n ossiano_fw-it hieroclete_n v.p._n praes_n provinciae_fw-la d._n n._n m._n o._n eorum_fw-la briadenae_n αρηιερωθη_n ααι_n λινδιου_n του_n αμρη_n ετουϲ_n δια_n ματερνου_n κ_n αι_n ρ_n αρρου_n και_n μαικου_n κνετμν_fw-gr υ_n ν_fw-gr andrenae_n i._o ιευξαμενοϲ_n εγω_fw-gr ιωαννηϲ_n ερετυχα_n και_n ευχαριϲτων_fw-gr τω_fw-gr θω_fw-gr ρροϲ_n ενικα_n υρερ_n των_fw-gr αμαρτιων_fw-gr μον_fw-gr ii_o ad_fw-la portam_fw-la australem_fw-la αυτη_n η_n ρυλη_n τδ_n κυρ_n .._o δικαιοι_n ειεελευεονται_n εν_fw-gr αυγη_n iii_o ad_fw-la portam_fw-la occidentalem_fw-la χ_n θμγ_n γ_n iu._n υριον_fw-gr ρον_fw-gr μιχαηλ_n v._o ιαυτι_n ..._o λικα_n ..._o vi_o .._o ριοϲ_n των_fw-gr δ●υναμε_n ..._o ημωναν_fw-gr τιλημρι_n θεοε_n ιακω_fw-gr βτ_n vii_o αυξιτων_fw-gr viii_o +_o ελ_n ✚_o εεκι_n ix_o ελιε_n x._o ζψη_n the_o appendix_n have_v finish_v my_o primary_n task_n i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o to_o some_o other_o consideration_n of_o a_o similar_v nature_n which_o i_o be_v unwilling_a to_o interweave_v with_o the_o thread_n of_o the_o history_n that_o the_o discourse_n may_v appear_v uniform_a and_o all_o of_o a_o piece_n i_o have_v therefore_o reserve_v for_o

of_o the_o famous_a mithradates_n march_v against_o aretas_n the_o king_n of_o the_o arab_n appian_n call_v he_o king_n of_o the_o nabataean_a arab_n ann_n v._o c._n 690._o ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 63._o his_o kingdom_n reach_v from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o red_a sea_n say_v dio_n l._n 36._o in_o which_o compass_n palmyra_n must_v be_v include_v this_o aretas_n be_v doubtless_o one_o of_o the_o al-hariths_a of_o the_o arabian_n who_o be_v king_n of_o gessan_n and_o in_o late_a age_n lord_n of_o taahmur_n after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v it_o acknowledge_v the_o roman_a power_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n have_v under_o its_o immediate_a jurisdiction_n beside_o the_o three_o city_n on_o the_o river_n already_o mention_v twelve_o more_o in_o the_o inland_n of_o syria_n when_o trajan_n make_v his_o glorious_a expedition_n into_o persia_n i_o conjecture_v palmyra_n be_v a_o sufferer_n in_o the_o common_a calamity_n of_o that_o country_n for_o pliny_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o in_o the_o roman_a at_o other_o in_o the_o parthian_a interest_n or_o else_o it_o will_v not_o have_v need_v hadrian_n assistance_n to_o rebuild_v and_o beautify_v it_o while_o other_o city_n taste_v of_o trajan_n bounty_n for_o from_o trajan_n expedition_n in_o the_o 8_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o christ_n 105._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bozra_n and_o petra_n date_v their_o write_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicle_n l._n 3._o p._n 105._o and_o zosimus_n affirm_v that_o at_o zaragardia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o euphrates_n on_o the_o persian_a side_n in_o his_o time_n there_o stand_v a_o noble_a throne_n build_v of_o stone_n which_o the_o native_n call_v trajan_n throne_n erect_v i_o doubt_v not_o in_o memory_n of_o his_o illustrious_a achievement_n in_o that_o country_n but_o whatever_o palmyra_n may_v have_v suffer_v under_o trajan_n be_v repair_v by_o his_o successor_n who_o give_v the_o city_n his_o own_o name_n and_o they_o in_o gratitude_n make_v vow_n for_o his_o recovery_n not_o in_o the_o last_o the_o 19_o of_o his_o reign_n as_o through_o haste_n be_v say_v f._n 35_o 36._o he_o reign_v almost_o 22_o year_n but_o in_o the_o seventeen_o from_o which_o sickness_n he_o recover_v to_o die_v afterward_o in_o great_a torment_n and_o this_o i_o mention_v here_o that_o i_o may_v correct_v the_o mistake_n in_o the_o history_n to_o this_o city_n septimius_n severus_n may_v also_o be_v presume_v a_o benefactor_n to_o who_o before_o his_o famous_a expedition_n against_o the_o parthian_n sparta_n vit_fw-mi septim_fw-la p._n 67._o when_o he_o rout_v niger_n with_o who_o the_o arab_n parthian_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o adiabene_n join_v their_o force_n the_o republic_a give_v their_o assistance_n against_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o adopt_v his_o name_n into_o their_o most_o eminent_a family_n after_o which_o time_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o zenobia_n i_o take_v they_o to_o have_v be_v in_o confederacy_n with_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n for_o they_o assist_v both_o alexander_n severus_n and_o gordian_n in_o their_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n against_o the_o persian_n as_o the_o inscription_n testify_v only_o it_o look_v probable_a that_o upon_o the_o captivity_n of_o valerian_n the_o senate_n for_o a_o while_o dissemble_v their_o interest_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o power_n of_o sapores_fw-la in_o the_o battle_n at_o immae_n where_o zenobia_n be_v rout_v s._n hierom_n affirm_v that_o pompeianus_n the_o frank_n settle_v at_o antioch_n but_o the_o family_n be_v unquestionable_o fix_v in_o that_o country_n long_o before_o capitol_n marcus_n for_o when_o marcus_n the_o philosopher_n undertake_v the_o german_a war_n he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o claudius_n pompeianus_n who_o be_v of_o antioch_n this_o also_o i_o mention_v to_o correct_v another_o mistake_n after_o the_o captivity_n of_o zenobia_n the_o city_n be_v a_o spectacle_n of_o pity_n but_o be_v a_o necessary_a frontier_n be_v repair_v and_o in_o dioclesian_n time_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n in_o the_o day_n of_o constantius_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v note_v as_o now_o for_o great_a robber_n p._n 8._o say_v the_o old_a geographer_n set_v out_o by_o gothofred_n and_o govern_v by_o woman_n but_o that_o i_o take_v for_o grant_v be_v a_o error_n as_o if_o when_o zenobia_n have_v begin_v to_o wield_v a_o sceptre_n none_o but_o her_o own_o sex_n in_o that_o country_n dare_v pretend_v to_o command_v malel_n part_n 2._o p._n 39_o theodosius_n the_o great_a divide_a libanesia_n from_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o phoenicia_n and_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a province_n emesa_n be_v the_o metropolis_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n palmyra_n be_v put_v and_o so_o continue_v when_o the_o follower_n of_o mahomet_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o country_n and_o for_o many_o century_n after_o for_o in_o abulfedas_n time_n above_o 1300_o after_o christ_n tadhmur_v acknowledge_v hem_n emesa_n its_o metropolis_n and_o probable_o it_o be_v so_o after_o his_o time_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o theodosius_n if_o p._n 28._o ed._n gron._n ethicus_n or_o whoever_o go_v under_o that_o name_n live_v in_o those_o day_n or_o before_o for_o st._n hierome_n be_v say_v to_o have_v translate_v he_o palmyra_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o famous_a town_n of_o the_o east_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o p._n 8._o julius_n honorius_n who_o live_v before_o theodoric_n for_o cassiodore_n mention_n he_o palmira_n damascus_fw-la read_v palmyra_n damascus_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la among_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o the_o four_o climate_n reckon_v palmyra_n with_o apamea_n emesa_n etc._n etc._n in_o caele_n syria_n in_o justinian_n time_n it_o become_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a do_v not_o continue_v long_o in_o that_o state_n for_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 640._o when_o heraclius_n be_v emperor_n jabalah_n the_o son_n of_o al_n iham_n be_v king_n of_o gassan_n and_o lord_n of_o tadhmur_n perhaps_o a_o tributary_n to_o heraclius_n who_o be_v overcome_v by_o omar_n the_o caliph_n one_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n submit_v and_o turn_v mahometan_n but_o repent_v he_o afterward_o go_v to_o constantinople_n pococ_fw-la not_o in_o specim_fw-la hist_o ar._n p._n 77_o 136._o and_o become_v a_o christian_a and_o at_o this_o time_n i_o believe_v mahometanism_n settle_v itself_o at_o tadhmur_n the_o tribe_n of_o gassan_n be_v before_o those_o day_n christian_n i_o shall_v not_o particular_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o usefulness_n of_o coin_n and_o inscription_n the_o learned_a world_n have_v be_v already_o full_o convince_v of_o that_o truth_n how_o many_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a passage_n in_o chronology_n have_v be_v set_v in_o their_o due_a light_n how_o many_o series_n of_o king_n have_v be_v regular_o deduce_v what_o rite_n and_o custom_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a have_v be_v by_o those_o help_v discover_v needs_o no_o further_a proof_n though_o be_v there_o nothing_o else_o at_o palmyra_n to_o be_v see_v but_o the_o noble_a ruin_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o palace_n build_v according_a to_o the_o best_a and_o bold_a rule_n of_o the_o ancient_a architecture_n i_o shall_v think_v a_o journey_n thither_o on_o that_o errand_n alone_o worth_a the_o undertake_n and_o though_o the_o old_a of_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v a_o hundred_o year_n young_a than_o our_o bless_a saviour_n incarnation_n as_o i_o have_v make_v appear_v in_o the_o commentary_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o contemptible_a as_o some_o have_v imagine_v but_o afford_v we_o some_o memorial_n of_o those_o time_n which_o no_o where_n else_o occur_v and_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n the_o use_n of_o the_o greek_a ε_n which_o appear_v not_o till_o about_o domitian_n time_n by_o which_o i_o postpone_v the_o old_a inscription_n at_o tadhmur_n a_o hundred_o year_n may_v we_o prove_v the_o spuriousness_n of_o that_o table_n preserve_v at_o rome_n which_o be_v report_v to_o contain_v the_o very_a title_n which_o by_o pilat_n order_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o cross_n of_o our_o lord_n for_o therein_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v write_v with_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o ε._n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o in_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v some_o peculiar_a word_n which_o occur_v not_o in_o the_o lexica_fw-la as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v more_o in_o other_o old_a marble_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n that_o in_o a_o remote_a part_n of_o syria_n where_o a_o different_a language_n be_v speak_v pric_n in_o apul._n apolog._n p._n 67._o de_fw-fr foedere_fw-la hierapytniorum_fw-la &_o priansens_n sciunt_fw-la doctiores_fw-la usquequo_fw-la huc_fw-la progredi_fw-la licet_fw-la scripta_fw-la hoc_fw-la genus_fw-la non_fw-la

island_n of_o cyprus_n where_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n he_o beget_v oxyporus_n and_o adonis_n that_o adonis_n be_v very_o beautiful_a and_o belove_v by_o venus_n when_o a_o infant_n who_o that_o he_o may_v be_v breed_v careful_o send_v he_o to_o proserpina_n to_o be_v educate_v but_o when_o she_o come_v to_o demand_v he_o proserpina_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v her_o charge_n whereupon_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v by_o jupiter_n that_o the_o youth_n shall_v stay_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o year_n with_o proserpina_n another_o three_o with_o venus_n and_o the_o remainder_n shall_v be_v at_o his_o own_o disposal_n but_o adonis_n be_v please_v with_o the_o charm_n of_o beauty_n choose_v to_o spend_v two_o three_o of_o his_o time_n with_o venus_n who_o passionate_o love_v he_o for_o which_o reason_n diana_n be_v displease_v with_o he_o send_v a_o wild_a boar_n to_o assault_v he_o by_o who_o tooth_n he_o fall_v a_o sacrifice_n to_o her_o indignation_n vid._n cyril_n in_o be_v l._n 2._o tem_fw-la 3._o p._n 274._o but_o other_o tell_v the_o story_n different_o that_o cinyras_n lie_v with_o his_o own_o daughter_n myrrah_n on_o who_o he_o beget_v adonis_n but_o be_v ashamed_a of_o his_o incest_n expose_v the_o infant_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o the_o nymph_n nurse_v and_o keep_v he_o till_o he_o grow_v a_o most_o beautiful_a youth_n spend_v most_o of_o his_o time_n in_o his_o sport_n at_o which_o age_n venus_n see_v he_o sell_v violent_o in_o love_n with_o he_o and_o choose_v he_o her_o gallant_a that_o this_o create_a jealousy_n in_o mars_n who_o turn_v himself_o into_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o wild_a boar_n and_o slay_v he_o which_o when_o venus_n hear_v of_o she_o give_v herself_o up_o to_o the_o extravagant_a sally_n of_o a_o ungovernable_a grief_n and_o at_o last_o resolve_v to_o follow_v he_o into_o the_o shade_n to_o demand_v he_o there_o but_o proserpina_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v he_o they_o comprimise_v the_o affair_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v half_a the_o year_n in_o the_o inferior_a world_n and_o the_o other_o half_a in_o this_o upon_o which_o venus_n return_v very_o joyful_a and_o have_v inform_v her_o follower_n of_o the_o agreement_n they_o institute_v a_o solemn_a festival_n which_o be_v continue_v to_o be_v celebrate_v with_o all_o the_o demonstration_n of_o public_a exultation_n this_o story_n plutarc_n de_fw-fr isid_n &_o osirid_n with_o a_o little_a variation_n the_o egyptian_a writer_n from_o who_o the_o asiatic_n derive_v most_o of_o their_o superstitious_a rite_n and_o observance_n tell_v we_o under_o the_o name_n of_o osiris_n who_o typhon_n nail_v up_o in_o a_o chest_n or_o coffin_n which_o he_o throw_v into_o the_o nile_n that_o it_o may_v be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o sea_n that_o isis_n as_o soon_o as_o she_o hear_v of_o it_o immediate_o go_v upon_o the_o search_n of_o osiris_n inquire_v of_o all_o she_o meet_v till_o at_o last_o some_o child_n inform_v she_o what_o typhon_n have_v do_v whereupon_o take_v anubis_n with_o she_o she_o sail_v down_o the_o river_n and_o through_o the_o ocean_n till_o she_o come_v to_o byblus_n in_o syria_n where_o she_o find_v the_o ark_n or_o coffin_n rest_v upon_o a_o sprig_n of_o heath_n which_o she_o carry_v with_o she_o into_o the_o ship_n and_o so_o return_v to_o egypt_n and_o there_o hide_v the_o coffin_n at_o butis_n where_o her_o son_n orus_n be_v nurse_v that_o typhon_n hunt_v in_o those_o part_n by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v then_o at_o full_a find_v the_o coffin_n and_o cut_v the_o body_n into_o fourteen_o piece_n scatter_v it_o up_o and_o down_o in_o several_a place_n whereupon_o isis_n hear_v of_o the_o fact_n sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o march_n in_o a_o boat_n of_o reed_n till_o she_o have_v gather_v up_o the_o scatter_a limb_n which_o she_o bury_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o prevent_v any_o further_a attempt_n of_o typhon_n and_o to_o create_v osiris_n great_a honour_n in_o the_o egyptian_a month_n athyr_n they_o say_v osiris_n be_v slay_v and_o on_o the_o seventeen_o of_o their_o month_n tybi_n isis_n return_v from_o byblus_n have_v spend_v almost_o two_o month_n in_o the_o search_n from_o this_o original_a come_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n who_o upon_o the_o first_o of_o those_o anniverssary_n pretend_v that_o the_o body_n of_o osiris_n be_v hide_v in_o their_o temple_n where_o no_o one_o know_v whereupon_o they_o lament_v he_o as_o if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o very_a day_n wherein_o he_o be_v murder_v by_o typhon_n they_o shave_v and_o make_v bald_a their_o head_n v._o herodot_n euterp_v jul._n firmic_n lucian_n de_fw-fr deâ_fw-la syr._n cyril_n &_o procop._n in_o isai_n 18._o etc._n etc._n the_o custom_n of_o such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o deep_a mourn_a they_o thump_v their_o breast_n they_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n make_v heavy_a lamentation_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o mourning_n and_o peregrination_n of_o isis_n and_o if_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v any_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o caria_n at_o that_o time_n in_o egypt_n they_o slash_v their_o face_n with_o knife_n and_o lancet_n as_o the_o priest_n of_o baal_n use_v to_o do_v when_o their_o idol_n will_v not_o answer_v they_o they_o cut_v their_o arm_n and_o very_o often_o make_v incision_n into_o the_o wound_n of_o the_o last_o year_n not_o quite_o heal_v and_o after_o they_o have_v do_v this_o for_o some_o time_n plutarch_n say_v for_o 4_o day_n they_o pretend_v to_o find_v the_o body_n which_o they_o have_v be_v so_o earnest_o look_v for_o and_o on_o the_o nineteenth_o day_n of_o the_o month_n athyr_n when_o it_o be_v night_n the_o priest_n make_v their_o procession_n to_o the_o river_n with_o a_o ark_n of_o gold_n cover_v with_o the_o holy_a steal_v upon_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v pour_v water_n the_o bystander_n cry_v out_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v find_v he_o let_v we_o turn_v our_o lamentation_n into_o joy_n after_o this_o they_o return_v and_o make_v merry_a treat_v themselves_o with_o cake_n whereon_o they_o stamp_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o sea-horse_n i._n e._n typhon_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o write_v a_o epistle_n to_o the_o woman_n of_o byblus_n that_o adonis_n be_v find_v for_o he_o who_o the_o egyptian_n call_v osiris_n the_o phaenician_o and_o syrian_n name_v thammuz_n ses_fw-fr st._n hierome_n and_o adonis_n say_v cyril_n and_o procopius_n this_o epistle_n they_o put_v into_o a_o earthen_a pot_n say_v the_o abovenamed_a father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lucian_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o jew_n say_v it_o be_v a_o ark_n or_o little_a ship_n make_v of_o reed_n or_o paper_n which_o after_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o probable_o magical_a rite_n they_o seal_v and_o commit_v to_o the_o wave_n and_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n in_o seven_o day_n time_n it_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o byblus_n but_o never_o to_o any_o other_o place_n on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o phoenicia_n and_o when_o the_o woman_n of_o that_o city_n receive_v it_o they_o put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o lamentation_n and_o begin_v their_o joyful_a festival_n with_o dance_n and_o solemn_a feast_v as_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o the_o beginning_n the_o festival_n at_o byblus_n commence_v from_o the_o hour_n in_o which_o they_o receive_v the_o epistle_n from_o egypt_n so_o the_o exact_a time_n to_o begin_v the_o mourn_a be_v fix_v say_v lucian_n by_o another_o extraordinary_a circumstance_n the_o river_n adonis_n at_o that_o season_n from_o its_o rise_n on_o the_o side_n of_o mount_n libanus_n to_o its_o fall_n into_o the_o sea_n be_v all_o bloody_a the_o sea_n itself_o also_o for_o a_o considerable_a space_n be_v discolour_a with_o the_o same_o the_o native_n believe_v that_o at_o that_o time_n adonis_n be_v actual_o slay_v on_o the_o mountain_n and_o that_o his_o blood_n alter_v the_o colour_n both_o of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o ocean_n though_o one_o of_o the_o more_o inquisitive_a byblians_n tell_v lucian_n that_o the_o bloody_a face_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o a_o red_a sort_n of_o earth_n which_o the_o strong_a wind_n that_o at_o that_o time_n use_v to_o blow_v bring_v down_o into_o the_o river_n and_o give_v the_o stream_n their_o tincture_n at_o this_o time_n the_o woman_n begin_v their_o mourn_a have_v first_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o dead_a to_o adonis_n as_o the_o egyptian_n use_v to_o do_v and_o shave_v their_o head_n which_o whoever_o refuse_v to_o do_v be_v by_o way_n of_o penance_n oblige_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n to_o prostitute_v herself_o to_o all_o stranger_n and_o whatever_o she_o get_v be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o venus_n their_o lamentation_n

though_o the_o senate_n when_o he_o be_v elect_v cry_v out_o five_o time_n o_o emperor_n claudius_n deliver_v we_o from_o the_o palmyrenian_o and_o again_o seven_o time_n o_o emperor_n claudius_n rescue_v we_o from_o zenobia_n and_o victorina_n for_o he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o letter_n that_o as_o tetricus_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o france_n and_o spain_n so_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyra_n to_o their_o shame_n be_v it_o speak_v be_v possess_v of_o all_o their_o archer_n while_o the_o force_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v employ_v by_o claudius_n sup_n zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 39_o 40._o pollio_n ubi_fw-la sup_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 270_o antiochianus_fw-la and_o orphitus_n be_v consul_n to_o compel_v the_o scythian_n to_o repass_v the_o danube_n and_o to_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n for_o they_o have_v ravage_v asia_n and_o achaia_n acarnania_n boeotia_n thessaly_n and_o the_o adjacent_a country_n zenobia_n send_v her_o troop_n into_o egypt_n to_o reduce_v that_o fertile_a country_n under_o her_o jurisdiction_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o rich_a province_n have_v upon_o the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o gallienus_n unanimous_o acknowledge_v and_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o claudius_n though_o he_o be_v absent_a this_o zenobia_n resent_v as_o a_o injury_n offer_v to_o her_o own_o title_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o her_o son_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o junior_n augustus_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o elder_a to_o claim_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n or_o else_o she_o take_v this_o occasion_n to_o assert_v her_o pretension_n to_o that_o kingdom_n for_o she_o derive_v her_o pedigree_n from_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ptolemy_n and_o particular_o from_o cleopatra_n the_o last_o queen_n of_o that_o country_n who_o the_o roman_n have_v by_o force_n dispossess_v to_o make_v this_o conquest_n she_o send_v her_o general_n zabdas_n into_o egypt_n where_o a_o party_n of_o the_o native_n under_o timagenes_n pollio_n call_v he_o timogenes_n have_v already_o declare_v for_o her_o interest_n and_o support_v her_o claim_n who_o with_o a_o powerful_a army_n of_o seventy_o thousand_o man_n make_v up_o of_o palmyrenian_o syrian_n and_o barbarian_n fight_v fifty_o thousand_o egyptian_n and_o after_o a_o very_a sharp_a engagement_n in_o which_o the_o militia_n of_o palmyra_n continue_v the_o fight_n with_o unwearied_a obstinacy_n and_o pertinaciousness_n get_v the_o victory_n after_o which_o have_v leave_v five_o thousand_o of_o his_o soldier_n behind_o he_o to_o keep_v the_o country_n in_o awe_n he_o return_v to_o palmyra_n while_o this_o invasion_n be_v make_v probus_n who_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n have_v declare_v the_o praefect_n of_o egypt_n be_v according_a to_o command_v scour_v the_o neighbour_a sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n who_o in_o those_o time_n of_o disorder_n much_o infest_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o strait_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v the_o fatal_a news_n that_o during_o his_o absence_n egypt_n have_v be_v subdue_v he_o return_v with_o all_o speed_n form_v a_o army_n of_o what_o force_v he_o have_v with_o he_o and_o such_o other_o of_o the_o native_n as_o be_v content_a to_o listen_v themselves_o for_o the_o service_n and_o to_o throw_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o which_o they_o hate_v and_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o the_o guard_n who_o zabdas_n have_v leave_v to_o preserve_v his_o new_a conquest_n in_o obedience_n he_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o report_n of_o this_o revolution_n zabdas_n return_v but_o probus_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n strengthen_v his_o troop_n with_o recruit_n from_o lybia_n and_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o egypt_n attack_v the_o enemy_n get_v the_o victory_n and_o drive_v the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n a_o second_o time_n out_o of_o that_o country_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o victory_n probus_n possess_v himself_o of_o a_o hill_n near_o babylon_n the_o egyptian_a city_n of_o that_o name_n that_o he_o may_v preclude_v zabdas_n from_o retire_v into_o syria_n but_o timagenes_n who_o exact_o know_v all_o the_o country_n with_o two_o thousand_o palmyrenian_o get_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n unknown_a to_o the_o egyptian_n and_o fall_v upon_o they_o unexpected_o cut_v they_o all_o off_o which_o when_o their_o general_n see_v he_o not_o willing_a to_o outlive_v his_o honour_n fall_v on_o his_o own_o sword_n chap._n xxii_o egyt_n be_v thus_o reduce_v under_o the_o power_n of_o zenobia_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o barbarian_n who_o outlive_v the_o battle_n fight_v between_o claudius_n and_o the_o goth_n at_o naissus_n secure_v themselves_o within_o a_o tabor_n of_o their_o wagon_n and_o so_o make_v their_o retreat_n a_o violent_a pestilence_n at_o the_o same_o time_n rage_v in_o both_o camp_n in_o which_o contagion_n claudius_n one_o of_o the_o most_o accomplish_v of_o the_o roman_a prince_n breathe_v his_o last_o to_o he_o quintillus_n his_o brother_n succeed_v but_o hear_v that_o aurelian_a be_v choose_v emperor_n he_o order_v his_o physician_n to_o cut_v his_o vein_n and_o so_o expire_v aurelian_a have_v baffle_v the_o scythian_n and_o subdue_v all_o the_o pretender_n to_o the_o government_n have_v build_v the_o wall_n of_o rome_n and_o settle_v the_o civil_a state_n of_o that_o city_n which_o take_v up_o the_o two_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n undertake_v a_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n to_o reduce_v palmyra_n which_o at_o that_o time_n have_v bring_v under_o its_o jurisdiction_n all_o egypt_n and_o all_o the_o east_n home_n to_o ancyra_n the_o metropolis_n of_o galatia_n and_o will_v have_v extend_v its_o conquest_n over_o bythinia_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o chalcedon_n if_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o the_o resolution_n of_o aurelian_a have_v not_o emancipate_v themselves_o from_o that_o yoke_n aurelian_a do_v not_o march_v direct_o into_o the_o east_n 216._o vopisc_n p._n 216._o but_o secure_v the_o province_n through_o which_o he_o go_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v many_o battle_n by_o the_o way_n before_o he_o reach_v syria_n for_o in_o illyricum_n and_o thrace_n he_o overthrow_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o slay_v five_o thousand_o of_o they_o with_o their_o commander_n cannabas_n after_o which_o he_o march_v through_o byzantium_n into_o bythinia_n which_o have_v declare_v for_o his_o interest_n take_v tyana_n which_o be_v betray_v to_o he_o by_o heraclammon_n but_o spare_v the_o city_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o philosopher_n apollonius_n who_o be_v bear_v there_o while_o he_o order_v the_o traitor_n to_o be_v execute_v all_o the_o other_o city_n between_o tyana_n and_o antioch_n render_v themselves_o near_a antioch_n zenobia_n have_v fix_v her_o station_n in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o numerous_a army_n advantageous_o post_v but_o aurelian_a be_v a_o prince_n of_o undaunted_a courage_n a_o bold_a spirit_n and_o dextrous_a address_n and_o prepare_v himself_o as_o become_v a_o prudent_a general_n for_o a_o battle_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o strength_n of_o zenobia_n force_n consist_v in_o her_o horseman_n who_o be_v arm_v cap-a-pée_a and_o better_o understand_v horsemanship_n than_o the_o roman_a troop_n he_o post_v his_o foot_n beyond_o the_o river_n orontes_n in_o a_o separate_a body_n and_o command_v his_o horse_n not_o to_o engage_v the_o palmyrenian_o while_o their_o body_n be_v fresh_a and_o lusty_a but_o when_o they_o charge_v to_o retire_v and_o dissemble_v a_o flight_n till_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o heavy_a arm_n have_v tire_v they_o and_o force_v they_o to_o desist_v from_o the_o pursuit_n the_o due_a observation_n of_o this_o order_n get_v the_o victory_n for_o when_o the_o roman_n by_o this_o manner_n of_o fight_v have_v satigue_v the_o palmyrenian_a troop_n and_o tire_v their_o horse_n than_o they_o charge_v they_o with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n and_o as_o they_o fall_v from_o their_o horse_n or_o their_o horse_n sink_v under_o they_o tread_v they_o under_o their_o foot_n the_o slaughter_n be_v various_a some_o be_v slay_v with_o the_o sword_n other_o stifle_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n upon_o they_o a_o three_o sort_n trample_v to_o death_n by_o the_o roman_a troop_n while_o the_o scatter_a remainder_n of_o that_o great_a army_n flee_v to_o antioch_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v say_v hier._n say_v chron._n ex_fw-la vers_fw-la hier._n eusebius_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o the_o 250th_o olympiad_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 273_o at_o south_n at_o apud_fw-la timas_n hier._n lege_fw-la apud_fw-la imas_fw-la a_o easy_a mistake_n of_o the_o copyist_n for_o aput_fw-la imas_fw-la apud_fw-la imas_fw-la in_o sextus_n rufus_n and_o eutropius_n in_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o georgius_n syncellus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o st._n hier._n vit._n malchi_n imma_n

it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o seleucis_n between_o gindarus_n and_o gephyra_n say_v ptolemy_n and_o hier._n say_v that_o the_o desert_n of_o chalcis_n be_v situate_a between_o imma_n and_o emesa_n to_o the_o south_n imma_n not_o far_o from_o antioch_n and_o in_o the_o engagement_n pompeianus_n the_o frank_n who_o family_n thereupon_o settle_v at_o antioch_n and_o be_v in_o be_v in_o st._n jerom_n time_n his_o dear_a friend_n euagrius_n be_v of_o that_o house_n and_o lineage_n do_v the_o emperor_n extraordinary_a service_n and_o behave_v himself_o with_o great_a bravery_n and_o it_o be_v this_o battle_n or_o rather_o the_o shadow_n of_o a_o battle_n say_v 23._o say_v l._n 7._o c._n 23._o orosius_n for_o zenobia_n be_v rather_o fright_v than_o beat_v into_o submission_n that_o put_v that_o great_a princess_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o decide_v the_o controversy_n say_v eutropius_n and_o aurelius_n victor_n but_o they_o be_v both_o mistake_v for_o zenobia_n lose_v her_o empire_n in_o a_o much_o sharp_a engagement_n at_o emesa_n where_o her_o force_n be_v entire_o rout_v of_o which_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n xxiii_o zabdas_n the_o general_n of_o zenobia_n army_n 45._o zosim_fw-la p._n 45._o a_o commander_n of_o great_a experience_n and_o till_o then_o as_o great_a success_n fear_v lest_o the_o people_n of_o antioch_n upon_o the_o report_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o battle_n shall_v have_v fall_v upon_o and_o insult_v the_o remain_v of_o his_o conquer_a troop_n have_v find_v a_o man_n who_o somewhat_o resemble_v aurelian_a clad_v he_o in_o such_o habit_n as_o that_o prince_n use_v to_o wear_v when_o he_o fight_v lead_v he_o through_o the_o street_n of_o that_o large_a city_n in_o triumph_n as_o if_o he_o have_v get_v the_o victory_n and_o make_v the_o emperor_n his_o prisoner_n by_o this_o stratagem_n zabdas_n impose_v upon_o the_o citizen_n of_o antioch_n and_o amuze_v they_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o that_o day_n till_o the_o night_n come_v on_o he_o retire_v with_o zenobia_n to_o emesa_n and_o thus_o he_o delude_v the_o antiochian_o who_o otherwise_o will_v have_v much_o incommode_v his_o retreat_n and_o escape_v be_v surprise_v and_o ruin_v by_o aurelian_a for_o the_o emperor_n have_v recall_v his_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o orontes_n with_o a_o intention_n the_o next_o day_n to_o have_v failen_a upon_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_a army_n on_o every_o side_n but_o his_o design_n be_v frustrate_v by_o the_o flight_n of_o zenobia_n whereupon_o he_o alter_v his_o intention_n and_o enter_v antioch_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o citizen_n with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o zeal_n for_o his_o service_n and_o be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o repentance_n and_o submission_n that_o he_o publish_v a_o indemnity_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o recall_v those_o who_o have_v flee_v out_o of_o fear_n of_o be_v punish_v for_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyra_n at_o this_o time_n aurelian_a be_v inform_v that_o a_o party_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o have_v post_v themselves_o advantageous_o on_o a_o hill_n that_o overlook_v daphne_n the_o famous_a suburb_n of_o antioch_n in_o confidence_n that_o the_o steepness_n of_o the_o place_n will_v secure_v they_o from_o all_o the_o attack_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o emperor_n command_v his_o infantry_n to_o draw_v themselves_o into_o their_o close_a order_n and_o to_o cover_v themselves_o with_o their_o shield_n so_o to_o bear_v off_o the_o dart_n and_o stone_n that_o their_o adversary_n may_v hurl_v down_o upon_o they_o and_o by_o this_o method_n they_o get_v a_o easy_a victory_n and_o put_v all_o their_o enemy_n to_o flight_n who_o the_o roman_n pursue_v so_o close_o that_o some_o be_v force_v to_o throw_v themselves_o off_o from_o the_o precipice_n and_o so_o be_v tear_v in_o piece_n while_o the_o remainder_n perish_v by_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o victor_n after_o this_o the_o city_n of_o apamea_n larissa_n and_o arethusa_n open_v their_o gate_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o conqueror_n receive_v he_o with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o honour_n and_o respect_n but_o aurelian_a understanding_n that_o the_o army_n of_o zenobia_n and_o her_o ally_n be_v no_o less_o than_o seventy_o thousand_o man_n be_v encamp_v in_o the_o plain_a before_o emesa_n immediate_o move_v towards_o they_o and_o encamp_v with_o his_o dalmatian_a mysian_a and_o pannonian_n horse_n with_o the_o legion_n of_o noricum_n and_o rhaetia_n and_o with_o his_o praetorian_a band_n who_o be_v all_o select_a troop_n and_o try_v man_n in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n beside_o these_o regiment_n aurelian_a have_v in_o his_o army_n several_a troop_n of_o moorish_a horse_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o asia_n from_o tyana_n and_o from_o mesopotamia_n syria_n phenicia_n and_o palestine_n all_o choice_n men._n when_o the_o army_n engage_v the_o roman_a horse_n take_v care_n not_o to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o palmyrenian_o who_o be_v superior_a to_o they_o in_o number_n and_o gall_v they_o very_o severe_o break_v and_o disorder_v their_o rank_n but_o as_o they_o be_v about_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n the_o roman_a foot_n charge_v the_o enemy_n troop_n so_o brisk_o that_o they_o soon_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n upon_o this_o follow_v a_o bloody_a slaughter_n the_o jew_n fall_v on_o with_o their_o club_n and_o mace_n which_o make_v a_o thunder_a and_o unusual_a noise_n upon_o the_o armour_n of_o brass_n and_o iron_n in_o which_o the_o palmyrenian_o charge_v the_o whole_a country_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o carcase_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n while_o the_o few_o that_o escape_v flee_v to_o the_o city_n zenobia_n be_v extreme_o grieve_v as_o she_o ought_v at_o her_o defeat_n deliberate_v what_o she_o shall_v do_v and_o it_o be_v unanimous_o in_o council_n agree_v that_o she_o shall_v desert_n emesa_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n be_v her_o enemy_n and_o wish_v well_o to_o the_o roman_n and_o betake_v herself_o to_o palmyra_n where_o be_v more_o secure_a she_o may_v consult_v at_o leisure_n how_o to_o repair_v her_o lose_a fortune_n this_o advice_n she_o immediate_o comply_v with_o and_o flee_v to_o palmyra_n the_o news_n of_o her_o flight_n be_v bring_v to_o aurelian_a he_o enter_v emesa_n in_o triumph_n cover_v with_o the_o trophy_n of_o a_o noble_a victory_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o citizen_n with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o joy_n and_o according_a to_o the_o desert_n of_o a_o invincible_a hero_n at_o emesa_n he_o seize_v the_o treasure_n of_o zenobia_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o precipitate_a haste_n she_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v behind_o she_o and_o then_o with_o all_o imaginable_a speed_n move_v towards_o palmyra_n in_o his_o march_n 218._o vopisc_n p._n 218._o the_o syrian_a banditti_z much_o infest_a his_o camp_n for_o they_o have_v 155._o victor_n p._n 155._o during_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v themselves_o very_o formidable_a their_o troop_n be_v numerous_a their_o horse_n fleet_n to_o admiration_n and_o the_o desert_n favour_v their_o retreat_n with_o their_o prey_n inasmuch_o as_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v proverbial_a at_o rome_n that_o none_o but_o woman_n and_o thief_n govern_v the_o east_n when_o aurelian_a have_v quit_v himself_o of_o these_o troublesome_a attendant_n he_o form_v the_o siege_n of_o palmyra_n straight_o beleague_v the_o city_n and_o fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o castle_n while_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n the_o besiege_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v possess_v with_o a_o vain_a opinion_n that_o their_o city_n be_v impregnable_a deride_v the_o attempt_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o they_o must_v be_v force_v in_o a_o few_o day_n to_o raise_v their_o siege_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_n while_o the_o city_n be_v well_o provide_v with_o all_o the_o requisite_n of_o war_n the_o garrison_n numerous_a and_o brave_a and_o engage_v to_o fight_v not_o as_o before_z for_o glory_n and_o conquest_n but_o for_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o their_o own_o liberty_n their_o all_o be_v at_o stake_n for_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o fancy_n to_o imagine_v say_v aurelian_a in_o his_o letter_n to_o mucapore_n what_o vast_a quantity_n of_o arm_n and_o military_a store_n be_v in_o that_o city_n that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v without_o two_o or_o three_o engine_n to_o throw_v dart_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o mischief_n into_o the_o enemy_n camp_n that_o with_o some_o of_o their_o machine_n they_n throw_v fire_n among_o their_o tent_n and_o that_o the_o garrison_n behave_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o resolution_n that_o aurelian_a have_v be_v wound_v with_o a_o arrow_n have_v like_a to_o have_v breathe_v his_o last_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o palmyra_n chap._n xxiv_o this_o resolution_n of_o the_o

besiege_a join_v to_o the_o many_o fatigue_n the_o emperor_n be_v oblige_v to_o undergo_v make_v he_o almost_o quite_o weary_a of_o his_o design_n whereupon_o he_o write_v to_o zenobia_n require_v she_o to_o surrender_v the_o place_n and_o promise_v she_o and_o her_o confederate_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v to_o live_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o security_n in_o such_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o senate_n shall_v appoint_v upon_o condition_n that_o all_o her_o treasure_n and_o arm_n her_o horse_n and_o camel_n shall_v be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o roman_n after_o which_o palmyra_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v a_o free_a commonwealth_n as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o past_a age_n but_o the_o haughty_a queen_n keep_v up_o her_o courage_n though_o her_o fortune_n be_v sink_v and_o return_v the_o emperor_n this_o answer_n zenobia_n the_o queen_n of_o the_o east_n to_o the_o emperor_n aurelian_a no_o man_n ever_o yet_o except_o yourself_o dare_v demand_v of_o i_o what_o your_o letter_n require_v whatsoever_o be_v to_o be_v achieve_v in_o war_n must_v be_v get_v by_o courage_n and_o resolution_n you_o command_v i_o to_o surrender_v myself_o and_o empire_n but_o you_o have_v forget_v that_o cleopatra_n choose_v rather_o to_o die_v by_o she_o own_o hand_n than_o to_o lessen_v and_o outlive_v her_o grandeur_n i_o be_o not_o destitute_a of_o assistance_n i_o daily_o expect_v succour_n from_o the_o persian_n the_o saracen_n and_o armenian_n be_v in_o my_o interest_n and_o the_o very_a freebooter_n of_o my_o country_n have_v already_o insult_v and_o baffle_v your_o army_n when_o these_o auxiliary_a troop_n arrive_v which_o i_o look_v for_o from_o all_o quarter_n you_o will_v abate_v of_o your_o imperious_a demand_n though_o you_o now_o require_v i_o to_o yield_v as_o if_o you_o have_v already_o get_v a_o entire_a conquest_n and_o have_v make_v yourself_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o east_n this_o epistle_n inflame_v aurelian_a and_o put_v he_o upon_o do_v all_o that_o a_o wise_a and_o brave_a general_n ought_v to_o have_v attempt_v to_o reduce_v the_o city_n he_o intercept_v the_o persian_a succour_n and_o debauch_v the_o saracen_n and_o armenian_n who_o he_o corrupt_v by_o money_n and_o buy_v off_o till_o they_o desert_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o fickle_a and_o changeable_a nation_n who_o be_v true_a only_o to_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o pay_v their_o homage_n and_o service_n to_o that_o prince_n who_o bid_v most_o for_o they_o when_o the_o garrison_n hear_v that_o all_o their_o relief_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o see_v the_o emperor_n bend_v to_o carry_v on_o his_o attack_n with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n be_v also_o much_o press_v with_o the_o want_n of_o necessary_n they_o determine_v to_o send_v their_o queen_n over_o the_o euphrates_n into_o persia_n to_o beg_v the_o assistance_n of_o that_o great_a king_n and_o to_o this_o end_n they_o do_v set_v zenobia_n on_o a_o female_a camel_n which_o sort_n of_o creature_n run_v swift_a than_o any_o horse_n other_o say_z on_o a_o swift_a dromedary_n and_o convey_v she_o out_o of_o the_o city_n aurelian_a vex_v hearty_o that_o his_o enemy_n have_v make_v her_o escape_n dispatch_v his_o light-horse_n to_o overtake_v she_o who_o seize_v on_o she_o as_o she_o be_v just_o embark_v endeavour_v to_o reach_v the_o far_a side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o bring_v she_o back_o to_o the_o roman_a camp_n with_o mighty_a joy_n and_o triumph_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o garrison_n be_v divide_v in_o their_o sentiment_n one_o party_n of_o they_o resolve_v to_o maintain_v the_o town_n to_o the_o last_o man_n and_o to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n while_o other_o be_v determine_v to_o supplicate_v the_o emperor_n pardon_n and_o to_o surrender_v and_o this_o last_o opinion_n prevail_v whereupon_o aurelian_a have_v give_v his_o promise_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o whatever_o be_v past_a they_o open_v their_o gate_n and_o beg_v the_o conqueror_n mercy_n who_o receive_v they_o with_o all_o kindness_n and_o take_v care_n they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o damage_n chap._n xxv_o thus_o be_v that_o proud_a city_n emulous_a of_o the_o glory_n of_o old_a rome_n reduce_v under_o the_o power_n of_o aurelian_a who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o treasure_n and_o rich_a movable_n of_o it_o return_v to_o emesa_n and_o there_o sit_v in_o judgement_n on_o zenobia_n and_o her_o accomplice_n for_o the_o army_n be_v ready_a to_o mutiny_v and_o petition_v that_o she_o that_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o hardship_n shall_v be_v execute_v but_o aurelian_a who_o have_v a_o grand_a esteem_n for_o her_o courage_n and_o other_o heroical_a qualification_n and_o who_o can_v not_o have_v forget_v the_o merit_n of_o her_o husband_n odenathus_n and_o his_o great_a service_n who_o support_v the_o sink_a empire_n in_o the_o east_n and_o preserve_v it_o from_o utter_a ruin_n think_v it_o beneath_o the_o courage_n of_o a_o brave_a man_n to_o murder_v a_o woman_n one_o of_o so_o rare_a endowment_n and_o who_o have_v for_o some_o year_n wear_v the_o sacred_a purple_n in_o cold_a blood_n and_o be_v convince_v that_o it_o will_v more_o contribute_v to_o his_o glory_n to_o carry_v she_o in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n than_o to_o put_v she_o to_o death_n in_o the_o east_n he_o preserve_v she_o from_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o incense_a soldier_n and_o to_o satisfy_v the_o mutinous_a sharp_o expostulate_v with_o her_o the_o reason_n of_o her_o obstinacy_n and_o cause_v all_o those_o to_o be_v slay_v who_o have_v engage_v she_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o aurelian_a this_o occasion_v the_o execution_n of_o many_o eminent_a person_n among_o who_o the_o most_o learned_a longinus_n meet_v his_o fate_n with_o great_a resolution_n and_o to_o the_o last_o he_o bear_v his_o suffering_n with_o a_o philosophical_a courage_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v affright_v with_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o grave_a that_o he_o comfort_v his_o friend_n who_o bemoan_v his_o destiny_n and_o convince_v they_o that_o if_o this_o low_a world_n be_v but_o one_o large_a prison_n he_o be_v the_o happy_a man_n who_o be_v soon_o discharge_v and_o set_v at_o liberty_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o east_n have_v thus_o be_v adjust_v 219._o vopisc_n p._n 219._o and_o the_o country_n leave_v without_o disturbance_n 55_o zosim_fw-la l._n 1_o p._n 55_o aurelian_a determine_v to_o return_n into_o europe_n but_o before_o he_o can_v reach_v rome_n while_o he_o be_v pass_v through_o rhodopa_n a_o province_n of_o thrace_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n who_o can_v not_o content_v themselves_o with_o their_o mean_a circumstance_n the_o loss_n of_o their_o empire_n be_v a_o continual_a affliction_n resolve_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o ancient_a grandeur_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o design_n they_o fall_v upon_o sandario_n and_o the_o six_o hundred_o archer_n who_o the_o emperor_n have_v leave_v there_o in_o garrison_n and_o put_v they_o to_o the_o sword_n choose_v achilleus_n the_o father_n of_o their_o captive_a queen_n zenobia_n their_o prince_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n hear_v of_o the_o revolt_n be_v a_o general_n of_o unwearied_a diligence_n and_o dispatch_v he_o immediate_o march_v back_o into_o asia_n and_o utter_o destroy_v that_o unhappy_a city_n this_o part_n of_o the_o story_n zosimus_n tell_v somewhat_o different_o that_o the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n instigate_v by_o apsaeus_n who_o have_v in_o former_a time_n be_v a_o busy_a agitator_n among_o they_o attempt_v to_o persuade_v marcellieus_n t._n nonnius_n marcellinus_n i_o suppose_v who_o afterward_o be_v consul_n in_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n tacitus_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 275_o who_o aurelian_a have_v constitute_v his_o governor_n of_o mesopotamia_n and_o the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la of_o the_o east_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o empire_n he_o put_v they_o off_o from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o under_o the_o pretext_n of_o consider_v so_o weighty_a a_o affair_n before_o he_o determine_v his_o resolution_n gain_v time_n till_o he_o have_v certify_v aurelian_a of_o the_o revolt_n but_o at_o last_o he_o positive_o refuse_v to_o take_v the_o purple_a whereupon_o they_o choose_v antiochus_n their_o king_n and_o arm_v themselves_o in_o his_o defence_n upon_o the_o news_n that_o marcellinus_n send_v the_o emperor_n double_v his_o march_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n come_v to_o antioch_n the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v busy_v about_o their_o sport_n in_o see_v the_o horse-race_n be_v surprise_v at_o his_o come_n from_o whence_o he_o immediate_o speed_v to_o palmyra_n which_o without_o fight_v he_o take_v and_o raze_v give_v antiochus_n his_o life_n and_o liberty_n account_v he_o beneath_o his_o anger_n in_o the_o sack_n of_o the_o city_n the_o soldier_n be_v surfeit_v with_o blood_n

platonist_n do_v because_o they_o believe_v they_o eternal_a and_o of_o the_o same_o duration_n with_o the_o supreme_a be_v i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v consider_v what_o have_v be_v already_o assert_v i_o think_v it_o need_v not_o much_o more_o proof_n that_o syria_n be_v eminent_o famous_a for_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n in_o syria_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o this_o idolatry_n either_o have_v its_o first_o original_a or_o its_o most_o immediate_a propagation_n and_o there_o it_o continue_v till_o paganism_n breathe_v its_o last_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o east_n till_o the_o follower_n of_o mahomet_n profess_a enemy_n of_o polytheism_n make_v use_v of_o the_o sword_n to_o extirpate_v it_o the_o whole_a country_n seem_v to_o be_v devote_v to_o this_o service_n edessa_n be_v call_v the_o region_n dedicate_v to_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o time_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o sow_v as_o hierapolis-byblis_n say_v to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o venus_n and_o adonis_n and_o so_o be_v all_o phoenicia_n aeschylus_n in_o his_o supplices_fw-la style_v phoenicia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n say_v the_o scholiast_n because_o all_o the_o coast_n about_o mount_n libanus_n be_v particular_o addict_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o that_o deity_n the_o worship_n begin_v in_o assyria_n or_o syria_n from_o they_o the_o man_n of_o ascalon_n bring_v it_o into_o phoenicia_n and_o from_o they_o the_o cypriotes_n derive_v their_o superstition_n 23._o ammian_n marcel_n l._n 23._o c._n 23._o and_o in_o the_o emperor_n julian_n time_n the_o moon_n the_o same_o with_o venus_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v most_o solemn_o worship_v at_o carrae_n and_o in_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o their_o most_o illustrious_a prince_n think_v it_o not_o a_o diminution_n of_o their_o honour_n to_o be_v priest_n to_o their_o god_n 5._o herodian_a l._n 5._o bassianus_n and_o alexianus_n i_o e._n elagabalus_n and_o alexander_n severus_n his_o brother_n be_v both_o consecrate_a priest_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o both_o repute_v the_o son_n of_o caracalla_n the_o emperor_n and_o their_o mother_n be_v undoubted_o the_o empress_n julia_n sister_n and_o themselves_o candidate_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o as_o of_o old_a the_o elder_a of_o the_o family_n be_v both_o prince_n and_o priest_n so_o herodian_a affirm_v that_o bassianus_n be_v consecrate_v to_o that_o service_n because_o the_o office_n peculiar_o belong_v to_o the_o elder_a brother_n ithobalus_n or_o ethbaal_n the_o king_n of_o tyre_n be_v the_o priest_n of_o astarte_n 257._o ad_fw-la autolic_a p._n 257._o say_v theophilus_n and_o when_o pompey_n have_v subdue_v mithradates_n distribute_v kingdom_n among_o the_o great_a man_n of_o asia_n who_o have_v give_v he_o assistance_n he_o make_v archelaus_n the_o priest_n of_o venus_n in_o commagene_n which_o entitle_v he_o to_o a_o principality_n and_o authority_n not_o inferior_a to_o the_o royal_a dignity_n say_v 251._o say_v bell._n mithrad_n p._n 251._o appian_n and_o what_o extraordinary_a influence_n sampsaigeramus_n the_o priest_n of_o the_o same_o idol_n at_o emesa_n have_v upon_o that_o country_n have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v how_o much_o addict_v palmyra_n be_v to_o venus_n who_o appoint_v curator_n of_o her_o fountain_n at_o nacle_n out_o of_o her_o most_o eminent_a inhabitant_n and_o what_o a_o glorious_a temple_n be_v erect_v in_o that_o city_n to_o the_o sun_n so_o adorn_v and_o beautify_v that_o aurelian_a thought_n the_o spoil_n worthy_a his_o carry_v to_o rome_n have_v be_v former_o mention_v and_o though_o that_o victorious_a prince_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o action_n can_v not_o prohibit_v his_o soldier_n the_o plunder_v and_o deface_v that_o noble_a structure_n he_o soon_o after_o take_v care_n though_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n be_v leave_v bury_v in_o its_o own_o ruin_n that_o the_o temple_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v 219._o vopisc_n p._n 219._o for_o aurelian_a have_v a_o particular_a veneration_n for_o the_o sun_n who_o figure_n appear_v often_o on_o his_o coin_n 217._o id._n p._n 213_o 217._o his_o mother_n have_v be_v the_o priestess_n of_o apollo_n in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o when_o his_o affair_n at_o emesa_n in_o his_o engagement_n with_o zenobia_n be_v desperate_a it_o be_v pretend_v that_o his_o foot_n be_v encourage_v to_o support_v his_o rout_z horse_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a person_n who_o he_o know_v not_o at_o that_o time_n but_o when_o he_o return_v to_o emesa_n and_o go_v into_o the_o temple_n of_o elagabalus_n to_o give_v thanks_o for_o his_o victory_n he_o there_o meet_v the_o same_o figure_n which_o have_v appear_v to_o he_o whereupon_o he_o found_v a_o temple_n in_o that_o city_n to_o the_o sun_n a_o new_a temple_n without_o doubt_n sup_n herod_n ubi_fw-la sup_n for_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v famous_a at_o emesa_n before_o aurelian_n time_n for_o its_o beauty_n and_o magnificence_n its_o extraordinary_a riches_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o votary_n who_o send_v their_o offering_n thither_o the_o neighbour_a barbarous_a prince_n every_o year_n make_v their_o present_n to_o elagabalus_n and_o another_o at_o rome_n 56._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 56._o upon_o which_o he_o bestow_v a_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n adorn_v it_o with_o the_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o famous_a temple_n at_o palmyra_n have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n offer_v his_o own_o unparalleled_a robe_n to_o the_o deity_n in_o syria_n and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n live_v the_o philosopher_n who_o keep_v up_o the_o reputation_n of_o paganism_n when_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o severe_a prosecution_n of_o the_o imperial_a edict_n porphyry_n be_v of_o tyre_n sopater_n a_o syrian_a jamblicus_n a_o native_a of_o chalcis_n vranius_n be_v of_o apamia_n eustathius_n and_o aedesius_n cappadocian_o proclus_n of_o lycia_n marinus_n a_o samaritan_n of_o the_o city_n of_o sichem_n damascius_n of_o damascus_n simplicius_n a_o cilician_n hermias_n and_o diogenes_n phaenician_n isidorus_n of_o gaza_n etc._n etc._n and_o whatever_o progress_n christianity_n may_v have_v make_v in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o epistle_n of_o julian_n to_o libanius_n that_o heathenism_n defend_v its_o possession_n in_o syria_n for_o when_o that_o unhappy_a apostate_n emperor_n make_v his_o expedition_n into_o persia_n from_o berrhaea_n to_o batnae_n all_o the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o sacrifice_n the_o smell_n of_o incense_n have_v presume_v the_o air_n and_o at_o hierapolis_n he_o meet_v with_o more_o than_o a_o few_o who_o have_v be_v confessor_n in_o the_o former_a reign_n for_o the_o ancient_a rite_n in_o malela_n time_n the_o assyrian_n continue_v to_o worship_n mars_n or_o baal_n and_o whoever_o shall_v read_v damascius_n life_n of_o isidorus_n may_v satisfy_v himself_o what_o method_n the_o philosopher_n of_o those_o day_n use_v to_o support_v the_o interest_n of_o polytheism_n what_o vision_n they_o pretend_v to_o what_o magical_a rite_n they_o use_v and_o what_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v in_o confirmation_n of_o their_o opinion_n zosimus_n affirm_v that_o in_o his_o time_n a_o globe_n of_o fire_n hover_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o air_n about_o the_o temple_n of_o venus_n at_o aphaca_n the_o place_n whither_o the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n send_v to_o learn_v their_o fate_n when_o aurelian_a threaten_v they_o with_o ruin_n say_v that_o bigoted_a advocate_n of_o idolatry_n who_o thus_o relate_v the_o story_n that_o when_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o oracle_n at_o seleucia_n in_o cilicia_n have_v receive_v from_o thence_o a_o melancholy_a answer_n they_o send_v to_o aphaca_n a_o place_n situate_a between_o heliopolis_n and_o byblus_n where_o the_o temple_n of_o venus_n aphacitis_n stand_v near_o that_o temple_n be_v a_o natural_a fountain_n that_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v by_o art_n to_o this_o fountain_n the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n at_o those_o set-time_n when_o they_o meet_v there_o bring_v their_o offering_n either_o of_o gold_n or_o silver_n silk_n or_o linen_n clothes_n or_o whatever_o else_o be_v of_o value_n if_o venus_n be_v please_v with_o the_o oblation_n the_o garment_n that_o be_v offer_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heavy_a metal_n but_o if_o the_o deity_n be_v displease_v all_o swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o that_o this_o omen_n befall_v the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n the_o year_n when_o their_o city_n be_v destroy_v but_o the_o oracular_a fountain_n that_o foretell_v the_o ruin_n of_o palmyra_n can_v not_o secure_v itself_o from_o a_o like_a fate_n in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o under_o constantine_n the_o great_a which_o eusebius_n the_o church_n historian_n thus_o relate_v constant_n euseb_n vit._n constant_a l._n 3._o c._n 55._o &_o orat._n de_fw-fr laud._n constant_n that_o the_o pious_a emperor_n have_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o pretext_n of_o religion_n

of_o the_o country_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o parthian_a empire_n which_o whither_o it_o commence_v under_o seleucus_n callinicus_n or_o his_o father_n antiochus_n who_o call_v himself_o the_o god_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v this_o empire_n last_v 270_o year_n 6._o l._n 2._o &_o herodian_a l._n 6._o say_v agathias_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o that_o country_n from_o arsaces_n their_o first_o king_n to_o artaban_n the_o last_o under_o who_o artaxeres_n zosimus_n call_v more_o proper_o artaxerxes_n a_o obscure_a persian_a but_o of_o a_o aspire_a mind_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o industry_n have_v ferment_v several_a of_o the_o native_n into_o a_o rebellion_n after_o three_o battle_n fight_v with_o success_n seize_v artaban_n and_o have_v murder_v he_o put_v the_o crown_n on_o his_o own_o head_n and_o so_o translate_v the_o empire_n a_o second_o time_n to_o the_o persian_n this_o happen_v 4._o agath_fw-mi l._n 4._o say_v the_o abovementioned_a historian_n in_o the_o five_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o eight_o year_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a i._n e._n of_o the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o alexander_n the_o son_n of_o mammaea_n artaxerxes_n have_v thus_o conquer_v the_o parthian_n and_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n the_o next_o year_n after_o viz._n the_o five_o of_o alexander_n he_o make_v his_o incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n alexander_n at_o first_o attempt_v to_o divert_v he_o from_o his_o inroad_n by_o his_o letter_n but_o find_v the_o method_n unsuccessful_a he_o march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n into_o the_o east_n fight_v that_o potent_a prince_n force_v he_o to_o fly_v and_o get_v a_o glorious_a victory_n have_v take_v 300_o elephant_n 133._o lamprid._n pag._n 133._o destroy_v 200_o more_o slay_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o their_o horse_n beside_o 10000_o of_o their_o cataphractae_fw-la troop_n that_o be_v arm_v cap_n à_fw-fr pe_fw-es he_o also_o recover_v mesopotamia_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o first_o teach_v the_o persian_n how_o to_o serve_v the_o roman_n after_o which_o he_o return_v to_o antioch_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o rome_n where_o the_o senate_n decree_v he_o a_o triumph_n as_o the_o reward_n of_o his_o service_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 22_o 6_o 7._o this_o victory_n say_v cassiodore_n in_o his_o fasti_fw-la be_v obtain_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o alexander_n julianus_n and_o crispinus_n be_v consul_n his_o coss_n alexander_n xerxem_n regem_fw-la persarum_fw-la vicit_fw-la but_o he_o be_v mistake_v for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o julian_n and_o crispinus_n be_v not_o consul_n till_o the_o ⅔_n year_n of_o alexander_n who_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n anno_fw-la aer_fw-la vulg_n 222._o the_o 10_o of_o march_n after_o heliogabalus_n be_v slay_v be_v fix_v by_o all_o the_o other_o fasti_fw-la both_o those_o of_o idatius_n and_o those_o which_o the_o most_o learned_a mr._n dodwell_n have_v publish_v out_o of_o the_o mss._n of_o sir_n h._n savil_n and_o isaac_n vossius_fw-la to_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 224._o agathias_n positive_o aver_v that_o artaxerxes_n do_v not_o assume_v the_o crown_n of_o persia_n till_o the_o four_o year_n of_o alexander_n mammaeae_n which_o be_v exact_o coincident_a with_o the_o 538th_o year_n of_o the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la and_o the_o vulgar_a year_n of_o christ_n 22_o 6_o 7_o and_o this_o account_n the_o historian_n declare_v he_o have_v from_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o persian_a king_n in_o this_o expedition_n the_o palmyrenian_o declare_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o persian_a usurper_n and_o send_v their_o troop_n to_o their_o assistance_n under_o their_o general_n zenobius_n this_o zenobius_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d like_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o name_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n be_v usual_o give_v to_o the_o man_n of_o illustrious_a descent_n this_o diosmalchus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o nassumus_fw-la 98._o transact_v pag._n 98._o in_o another_o inscription_n a_o like_a name_n occur_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o great_a prince_n have_v be_v dead_a some_o year_n when_o this_o inscription_n be_v erect_v and_o by_o the_o senate_n deify_v who_o appoint_v he_o a_o college_n of_o priest_n call_v alexandriani_n and_o order_v a_o festival_n to_o be_v keep_v on_o his_o birch-day_n 136._o lamprid._n pag._n 136._o which_o the_o roman_n continue_v to_o celebrate_v near_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o in_o the_o day_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a and_o to_o this_o deification_n probable_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o inscription_n have_v a_o remote_a relation_n for_o the_o heathen_n seldom_o speak_v of_o their_o prince_n but_o as_o of_o sacred_a person_n their_o person_n be_v numina_fw-la and_o all_o their_o law_n and_o action_n divine_a thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v often_o use_v when_o eunapius_n treat_v of_o the_o title_n of_o philostratus_n book_n of_o the_o life_n of_o apollonius_n he_o say_v it_o rather_o ought_v to_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o pagan_n set_n up_o that_o impostor_n in_o opposition_n to_o our_o bless_a saviour_n who_o be_v god_n make_v his_o appearance_n among_o men._n so_o st._n gregory_n of_o nazianzum_fw-la 38._o orat._n 38._o call_v our_o bless_a lord_n incarnation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o those_o age_n that_o their_o god_n do_v upon_o some_o solemn_a day_n descend_v from_o heaven_n put_v on_o humane_a shape_n and_o appear_v in_o those_o city_n for_o which_o they_o have_v a_o particular_a regard_n as_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_n think_v the_o martyr_n do_v frequent_o show_v themselves_o in_o those_o place_n either_o where_o they_o have_v be_v bear_v or_o put_v to_o death_n 408._o vid._n dion_n chrysost_n tar_n 1._o pag._n 408._o or_o bury_v and_o this_o descent_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v prone_a to_o deify_v their_o prince_n and_o to_o treat_v they_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o divine_a honour_n whenever_o the_o emperor_n vouchsafe_v to_o visit_v any_o city_n they_o entertain_v he_o with_o the_o high_a testimony_n of_o joy_n and_o exultation_n and_o repute_v the_o day_n a_o solemn_a festival_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o coin_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 397._o v._o harduin_n num_fw-la p._n 397._o and_o adventus_n augusti_fw-la faelicissimus_fw-la frequent_o occur_v and_o in_o another_o of_o the_o inscription_n at_o palmyra_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o imperial_a general_n in_o this_o expedition_n be_v rutillius_n crispinus_n the_o praenomen_fw-la of_o that_o great_a man_n be_v restore_v to_o he_o from_o this_o inscription_n no_o ancient_a monument_n else_o call_v he_o other_o than_o crispinus_n 63._o lamprid._n p._n 61_o 63._o tullius_n crispinus_n be_v the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la under_o didius_n julianus_n but_o he_o can_v be_v the_o man_n but_o there_o be_v another_o crispinus_n a_o man_n of_o the_o consular_a dignity_n who_o with_o menophilus_n 146._o capitolin_n maximini_n 2._o p._n 146._o after_o the_o barbarous_a murder_n of_o alexander_n severus_n maintain_v aquileia_n against_o maximinus_n who_o in_o vain_a besiege_v it_o they_o be_v both_o send_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o preserve_v that_o important_a place_n 169._o id._n p._n to_o 169._o and_o they_o maintain_v their_o province_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n that_o the_o soldier_n despair_v to_o take_v the_o city_n fall_v upon_o their_o general_n and_o slay_v both_o maximin_n and_o his_o son_n in_o their_o tent_n the_o same_o crispinus_n have_v be_v long_o before_o colleague_n with_o julianus_n in_o the_o consulship_n ann_n ⅔_n of_o alexander_n severus_n of_o christ_n 224._o from_o the_o death_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a 547._o and_o from_o the_o year_n of_o augustus_n or_o the_o epocha_n of_o the_o battle_n at_o actium_n 253._o say_v the_o ancient_a fasti_fw-la publish_v by_o the_o most_o learned_a dodwell_n upon_o this_o general_n crispinus_n zenobius_n of_o palmyra_n be_v a_o constant_a attendant_n assist_v the_o auxiliary_a troop_n with_o whatever_o necessary_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o in_o those_o barren_a desert_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n vexillationibus_fw-la vexillariis_fw-la or_o auxiliariis_fw-la the_o word_n be_v of_o a_o equivalent_a inport_n for_o those_o very_a troop_n 125.455_o v._o salmasin_n h._n a._n script_n p._n 125.455_o which_o tacitus_n call_v in_o one_o place_n auxiliorum_fw-la cohortes_fw-la he_o present_o after_o style_n vexillare_v cohorte_n the_o whole_a roman_a army_n be_v divide_v into_o their_o own_o legion_n and_o auxiliary_n ses_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr saumaise_fw-fr auxilia_fw-la in_o cohortes_fw-la divisa_fw-la cohortes_fw-la in_o vexilla_fw-la itaque_fw-la cohors_fw-la

the_o antiquity_n of_o palmyra_n contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o city_n and_o its_o emperor_n from_o its_o foundation_n to_o the_o present_a time_n with_o a_o appendix_n of_o critical_a observation_n on_o the_o name_n religion_n and_o government_n of_o the_o country_n and_o a_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n late_o find_v there_o london_n print_v for_o s._n smith_n and_o b._n walford_n printer_n to_o the_o royal_a sociey_n at_o the_o princes-arm_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1696._o munificentia_fw-la regia_fw-la 1715_o georgius_n d._n g._n madge_n br_n fr._n et_fw-la hib_n rex_fw-la f.d._n societati_fw-la regiae_n in_o collegio_fw-la greshamensi_fw-la supremo_fw-la numini_fw-la &_o laboranti_fw-la naturae_fw-la horas_fw-la utilissimè_fw-la impendenti_fw-la verae_fw-la philosophiae_fw-la instauratrici_fw-la mathematum_fw-la &_o politioris_fw-la litteraturae_fw-la arbitrae_n &_o sequestrae_fw-la eruditi_fw-la orbis_fw-la delicijs_fw-la quam_fw-la ambierunt_fw-la princip●um_fw-la maximi_fw-la venerantur_fw-la quotquot_fw-la musis_fw-la litarunt_fw-la farraginem_fw-la hanc_fw-la rerum_fw-la palmyrenarum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d exaratam_fw-la summo_fw-la quo_fw-la decet_fw-la cultu_fw-la &_o observantiâ_fw-la lubens_fw-la merito_fw-la more_fw-it majorum_fw-la d.d.d.c.q._n ab_fw-la sellerus_n the_o preface_n the_o learned_a world_n have_v be_v for_o some_o year_n in_o expectation_n of_o a_o description_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o palmyra_n from_o some_o accurate_a traveller_n who_o curiosity_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o visit_v those_o desert_n that_o he_o may_v enrich_v europe_n with_o the_o rarity_n of_o that_o remote_a province_n of_o the_o east_n of_o which_o the_o world_n have_v have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a if_o any_o account_n some_o worthy_a english_a merchant_n pursuant_n to_o the_o dictate_v of_o that_o noble_a genius_n that_o actuate_v the_o generous_a member_n of_o the_o levant_n company_n overlookt_v all_o the_o difficulty_n and_o hazard_n that_o accompany_v such_o a_o enterprise_n and_o attempt_v the_o discovery_n and_o though_o the_o first_o essay_n be_v not_o crown_v with_o so_o good_a success_n as_o it_o deserve_v through_o the_o treachery_n and_o baseness_n of_o the_o arab_n prince_n who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v the_o country_n the_o second_o voyage_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o mankind_n and_o it_o be_v to_o their_o munificence_n that_o we_o owe_v those_o journal_o which_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v late_o publish_v nor_o be_v this_o the_o only_a instance_n wherein_o those_o eminent_a merchant_n have_v be_v benefactor_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o letter_n their_o company_n consist_v of_o man_n of_o good_a birth_n and_o gentile_a education_n of_o liberal_a fortune_n and_o as_o large_a mind_n and_o may_v their_o success_n in_o their_o worldly_a affair_n be_v suit_v to_o their_o great_a desert_n may_v they_o always_o flourish_v and_o always_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o do_v worthy_a action_n to_o the_o jealous_a arab_n the_o undertake_n seem_v ridiculous_a that_o prudent_a man_n shall_v contract_v a_o great_a expense_n only_o to_o transcribe_v a_o few_o imperfect_a inscription_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o old_a ruin_n and_o perhaps_o there_o be_v some_o censor_n who_o live_v near_a than_o the_o desert_n of_o tadhmur_n who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n but_o the_o man_n of_o judgement_n in_o all_o age_n have_v entertain_v different_a sentiment_n and_o providence_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v particular_o concern_v in_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o fragment_n of_o antique_a literature_n when_o l._n 2._o p._n 121._o strabo_n treat_v of_o olynthus_n and_o other_o city_n of_o greece_n which_o have_v be_v utter_o destroy_v before_o his_o time_n insomuch_o as_o whosoever_o travel_v those_o part_n may_v just_o question_v whither_o ever_o those_o place_n have_v be_v inhabit_v he_o subjoin_v that_o the_o curious_a and_o inquisitive_a be_v please_v to_o visit_v those_o ruin_n be_v desirous_a to_o see_v the_o theatre_n where_o so_o many_o noble_a action_n have_v be_v perform_v and_o to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o ash_n of_o those_o illustrious_a person_n who_o lie_v there_o bury_v and_o what_o a_o spirit_n of_o emulation_n do_v it_o raise_v in_o every_o generous_a soul_n to_o prompt_v he_o to_o sublime_a action_n when_o he_o view_v the_o tomb_n or_o hear_v the_o story_n of_o the_o hero_n of_o former_a age_n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o in_o charont_n lucian_n when_o many_o city_n have_v be_v swallow_v up_o of_o earthquake_n or_o bury_v in_o the_o sea_n though_o rivers_n themselves_o have_v be_v lose_v and_o absorb_v that_o they_o never_o more_o appear_v yet_o the_o tomb_n of_o inachus_n be_v preserve_v at_o argos_n a_o memorial_n of_o the_o achievement_n of_o that_o first_o king_n of_o the_o morea_n neither_o strabo_n nor_o mela_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o palmyra_n nor_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v admire_v many_o of_o the_o arabian_a geographer_n neither_o alferganus_fw-la nor_o the_o geographer_n common_o call_v the_o nubian_n neither_o nasser_n eddin_n nor_o vlug_n beig_n set_v out_o by_o our_o learned_a mr._n greaves_n its_o situation_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o both_o rome_n and_o athens_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o vast_a desert_n which_o deter_v the_o curious_a traveller_n and_o its_o empire_n and_o glory_n be_v so_o short-lived_a that_o we_o can_v expect_v a_o large_a description_n of_o its_o state_n and_o fortune_n from_o the_o ancient_a writer_n but_o such_o memorial_n as_o either_o they_o or_o the_o late_a historian_n have_v afford_v i_o have_v take_v care_n to_o digest_v into_o method_n and_o to_o offer_v they_o to_o the_o present_a age._n have_v we_o domninus_n the_o historian_n of_o antioch_n who_o live_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n or_o philostratus_n of_o athens_n or_o nicostratus_n of_o trebizond_n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n particular_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o east_n it_o will_v have_v be_v no_o difficult_a province_n to_o have_v give_v a_o more_o perfect_a account_n of_o that_o country_n or_o have_v we_o but_o that_o one_o oration_n of_o the_o most_o accurate_a longinus_n which_o he_o write_v in_o praise_n of_o odaenathus_fw-la that_o no_o doubt_n will_v have_v furnish_v a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o material_n towards_o the_o write_n the_o life_n of_o that_o great_a man_n but_o these_o be_v blessing_n lose_v to_o the_o world_n and_o i_o fear_v past_o retrieve_v it_o may_v look_v like_o a_o bold_a and_o dare_v undertake_v to_o adventure_v to_o build_v a_o large_a structure_n with_o so_o few_o material_n but_o i_o have_v be_v as_o careful_a in_o my_o account_n as_o i_o be_v qualify_v to_o be_v and_o according_a to_o my_o understanding_n have_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o truth_n and_o exact_o follow_v my_o voucher_n who_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o have_v cite_v in_o the_o margin_n for_o he_o who_o pretend_v to_o write_v history_n without_o authority_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v author_n of_o a_o romance_n or_o a_o collector_n of_o dream_n but_o can_v never_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v a_o good_a historian_n and_o if_o i_o have_v be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v mistake_v in_o any_o of_o my_o conjecture_n as_o i_o have_v frequent_o take_v that_o liberty_n but_o no_o where_o that_o i_o know_v of_o without_o some_o ground_n for_o my_o so_o do_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n and_o will_v be_v easy_o pardon_v when_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o even_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o country_n and_o of_o the_o early_a age_n know_v not_o all_o the_o particular_n of_o the_o palmyrene_n affair_n that_o theodorit_n himself_o the_o bishop_n of_o cyrus_n in_o cyrrhestica_n a_o neighbour_a province_n in_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o odaenathus_fw-la be_v so_o mistake_v as_o to_o affirm_v that_o zenobia_n be_v constitute_v the_o toparch_n of_o syria_n and_o phoenicia_n by_o the_o persian_n after_o they_o have_v rout_v the_o roman_n and_o that_o he_o who_o dig_v in_o a_o dark_a mine_n may_v be_v allow_v a_o little_a failure_n in_o his_o work_n and_o i_o shall_v thank_v any_o learned_a man_n who_o shall_v correct_v my_o error_n and_o set_v the_o history_n in_o a_o better_a light_n i_o have_v deal_v with_o my_o reader_n as_o i_o love_v to_o be_v treat_v myself_o have_v be_v always_o please_v with_o a_o full_a account_n of_o whatever_o be_v material_a on_o any_o subject_n when_o profest_o handle_v and_o i_o have_v give_v my_o authority_n in_o the_o margin_n not_o to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o much_o acquaintance_n with_o book_n but_o to_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o i_o have_v not_o impose_v on_o he_o and_o to_o direct_v he_o where_o he_o may_v satisfy_v himself_o if_o he_o doubt_v i_o have_v use_v the_o word_n palmyra_n and_o tadhmur_n promiscuous_o because_o though_o the_o new_a name_n whither_o impose_v by_o a_o conqueror_n or_o give_v for_o any_o other_o reason_n prevail_v among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n yet_o the_o

chap._n 2._o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n p._n 187._o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o public_a officer_n p._n 197._o chap._n 4._o of_o their_o idolatry_n and_o superstition_n p._n 241._o chap._n 5._o a_o account_n of_o vaballathus_n p._n 272._o chap._n 6._o the_o history_n of_o longinus_n p._n 287._o chap._n 7._o the_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n p._n 295._o a_o view_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o palmyra_n alias_o tadmor_n take_v on_o the_o southern_a side_n the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n history_n of_o remote_a country_n and_o strange_a revolution_n have_v be_v always_o entertain_v with_o respect_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n and_o hear_v of_o dismal_a catastrophe_n wherein_o we_o have_v no_o other_o immediate_a share_n but_o that_o of_o wonder_n and_o pity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o mean_a satisfaction_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n life_n since_o every_o turn_v of_o providence_n in_o a_o foreign_a nation_n every_o new_a scene_n of_o prosperity_n or_o adversity_n be_v a_o lesson_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o best_a rule_n of_o behaviour_n both_o for_o a_o public_a and_o private_a capacity_n be_v deducible_a from_o such_o remarkable_a occurrence_n and_o among_o all_o the_o great_a revolution_n that_o have_v call_v for_o the_o astonishment_n and_o commiseration_n of_o mankind_n the_o several_a fortune_n of_o palmyra_n be_v not_o the_o least_o remarkable_a a_o country_n far_o distant_a from_o our_o region_n distinguish_v by_o nature_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n by_o a_o separate_a situation_n and_o a_o empire_n that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n overran_a all_o the_o east_n baffle_v the_o force_n of_o the_o persian_n subdue_v egypt_n and_o make_v all_o asia_n to_o the_o hellespont_n tremble_v but_o in_o a_o few_o month_n afterward_o be_v strip_v of_o all_o its_o grandeur_n and_o by_o degree_n reduce_v to_o the_o low_a state_n of_o poverty_n as_o it_o be_v this_o day_n of_o this_o country_n i_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o its_o founder_n and_o antiquity_n its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n its_o government_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a and_o its_o several_a fortune_n and_o condition_n as_o far_o as_o my_o read_n will_v assist_v i_o till_o some_o more_o able_a critic_n shall_v undertake_v the_o task_n and_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o such_o a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n as_o the_o ancient_n furnish_v we_o with_o chap._n i._n when_o solomon_n have_v finish_v his_o stupendous_a temple_n at_o jerusalem_n which_o better_o deserve_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o world_n wonder_n than_o that_o at_o ephesus_n and_o the_o noble_a palace_n which_o he_o build_v for_o himself_o 4._o 1_o king_n 9.10_o 18._o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o 4._o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o make_v war_n against_o hamath-zobah_a which_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o david_n but_o revolt_v and_o have_v conquer_v it_o he_o build_v tadmor_n in_o the_o wilderness_n the_o upper_a and_o nether_a bethhoron_n baalath_n and_o all_o the_o store-city_n which_o he_o strong_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o gate_n and_o bar_n they_o be_v his_o frontier_n town_n and_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o vast_a empire_n 9.26_o 2_o chron._n 9.26_o for_o he_o reign_v over_o all_o the_o king_n from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o land_n of_o the_o philistine_n and_o to_o the_o border_n of_o egypt_n 4.24_o 1_o king_n 4.24_o from_o tiphsac_n even_o to_o azzah_n i._n e._n from_o gaza_n to_o thapsachus_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o pass_n over_o the_o euphrates_n the_o arabic_a translator_n of_o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o imply_v that_o tadmor_n be_v a_o city_n before_o solomon_n time_n and_o that_o he_o only_o re-edify_v it_o that_o it_o be_v a_o metropolis_n of_o old_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a time_n and_o have_v many_o town_n under_o its_o jurisdiction_n nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o improbable_a those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v after_o the_o deluge_n cease_v be_v first_o people_v the_o arabic_a historian_n 53._o historian_n verse_n poc._n p._n 53._o abulfarajus_fw-la say_v that_o solomon_n in_o the_o twenty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v destroy_v the_o city_n of_o antioch_n build_v seven_o city_n in_o its_o stead_n of_o which_o tadmor_n be_v one_o but_o the_o fabulous_a historian_n of_o antioch_n 152._o antioch_n par._n 1._o p._n 185._o &_o par._n 2._o p._n 152._o john_n matela_n averr_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o palmyra_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o same_o place_n in_o which_o david_n slay_v goliath_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n with_o his_o own_o sword_n and_o that_o king_n solomon_n in_o memory_n of_o this_o great_a victory_n build_v a_o noble_a city_n there_o and_z from_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o giant_n call_v it_o palmyra_n while_o 2._o while_o antiq._n l._n 8._o c._n 2._o josephus_n thus_o inform_v we_o that_o solomon_n after_o he_o have_v build_v gazara_n which_o pharaoh_n have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o philistine_n give_v to_o his_o daughter_n not_o far_o from_o it_o build_v two_o city_n betachora_n and_o bale_v with_o other_o place_n to_o which_o he_o may_v retire_v for_o his_o pleasure_n that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n excellent_a fruit_n and_o pleasant_a stream_n from_o whence_o he_o pass_v into_o the_o desert_n above_o syria_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o great_a city_n which_o 47._o which_o hier._n in_o ezek._n 47._o he_o beautify_v with_o extraordinary_a building_n two_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o upper_a syria_n and_o one_o from_o euphrates_n but_o from_o babylon_n six_o day_n journey_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o build_v this_o city_n so_o far_o from_o the_o inhabit_a place_n of_o syria_n be_v that_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n there_o be_v no_o water_n but_o in_o that_o place_n only_o there_o be_v fountain_n and_o well_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o peutinger_n table_n that_o near_o it_o stand_v the_o centum_fw-la putei_fw-la appendix_n putei_fw-la concern_v the_o name_n tadhmur_v and_o palmyra_n consult_v the_o appendix_n when_o therefore_o he_o have_v build_v the_o city_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o strong_a wall_n he_o name_v it_o tadmor_n as_o it_o be_v now_o call_v by_o the_o syrian_n while_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o palmyra_n chap._n ii_o from_o its_o founder_n and_o name_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n as_o to_o its_o situation_n from_o the_o description_n that_o josephus_n give_v of_o it_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o though_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o desert_n country_n it_o be_v a_o very_a fertile_a spot_n of_o ground_n the_o air_n be_v very_o moderate_a and_o healthy_a for_o when_o porph._n when_o epist_n ad_fw-la porph._n longinus_n invite_v his_o friend_n porphyry_n thither_o he_o encourage_v he_o to_o undertake_v the_o journey_n upon_o two_o account_n first_o that_o they_o may_v renew_v their_o old_a friendship_n second_o that_o he_o may_v recover_v his_o break_a health_n by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o air_n of_o palmyra_n 205._o palmyra_n lib._n 8._o p._n 205._o ptolemy_n place_n it_o east_n from_o alexanandria_n in_o the_o same_o climate_n with_o antioch_n seleucia_n hierapolis_n emesa_n and_o other_o city_n of_o alexandria_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la 82._o chron._n alex_n p._n 82._o in_o the_o longit._n of_o 71_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n and_o the_o latit_fw-fr of_o 34_o deg_fw-la the_o long_a day_n be_v there_o above_o 14_o hour_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o tadmur_n i_o conjecture_v be_v the_o son_n of_o abraham_n by_o keturah_n for_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v by_o their_o father_n into_o the_o east_n gen._n 25.6_o i_o e._n into_o the_o east_n from_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n into_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n and_o the_o country_n border_v on_o the_o euphrates_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v in_o holy_a writ_n the_o child_n of_o the_o east_n and_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n also_o call_v saracen_n that_o be_v oriental_n or_o easterling_n as_o our_o most_o learned_a pocock_n affirm_v now_o the_o saracen_n be_v say_v by_o ult_n by_o lib._n 23._o cap._n ult_n amm._n marcellinus_n to_o be_v the_o arabe_n scenitae_n though_o pliny_n and_o ptolemy_n distinguish_v they_o to_o who_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v conterminous_a if_o not_o the_o same_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o odenathus_n in_o all_o the_o latter_a writer_n be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o saracen_n though_o zenobia_n in_o her_o letter_n to_o aurelian_a distinguish_v the_o saracen_n from_o her_o subject_n reckon_v the_o saracen_n among_o her_o foreign_a troop_n and_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o ecclesiaslick_n notitia_fw-la it_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o phoenicia_n libanesia_n and_o porphyry_n treat_v of_o longinus_n invite_v he_o to_o

palmyra_n say_v he_o undertake_v to_o persuade_v he_o to_o leave_n sicily_n and_o to_o travel_v into_o phoenicia_n other_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o arabia_n but_o it_o be_v common_o repute_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o a_o part_n of_o syria_n as_o phoenicia_n be_v another_o part_n of_o that_o large_a country_n though_o zenobia_n in_o her_o letter_n abovementioned_a distinguish_v the_o palmyrenian_o from_o the_o syrian_n as_o 40._o as_o l._n 1._o p._n 40._o zosimus_n also_o do_v that_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o wilderness_n beside_o the_o holy_a writ_n and_o josephus_n paris_n josephus_n nat._n hist_o tom_fw-mi 1._o l._n 1._o §._o 21._o p._n 583._o ad_fw-la paris_n pliny_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o the_o jewish_a historian_n agree_v who_o thus_o describe_v it_o palmyra_n be_v a_o city_n eminent_a in_o its_o situation_n in_o the_o riches_n of_o its_o soil_n and_o its_o pleasant_a stream_n be_v surround_v on_o every_o side_n with_o a_o vast_a desert_n of_o sand_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o do_v preseve_v its_o liberty_n in_o a_o private_a condition_n between_o the_o two_o mighty_a empire_n the_o roman_a and_o parthian_a and_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o war_n happen_v to_o break_v out_o it_o be_v equal_o their_o care_n to_o engage_v it_o on_o their_o side_n and_o in_o their_o interest_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o seleucia_n on_o the_o tigris_n 337_o mile_n from_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n of_o syria_n or_o the_o mediterranean_a 203_o and_o from_o damascus_n 176._o the_o same_o author_n in_o other_o place_n also_o mention_n the_o solitude_n of_o palmyra_n beyond_o which_o on_o one_o hand_n be_v stelendena_n a_o country_n not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v by_o other_o writer_n on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o reach_v home_o to_o emesa_n and_o to_o the_o westward_n as_o far_o as_o petra_n in_o arabia_n fellix_fw-la from_o whence_o to_o the_o persian_a gulf_n it_o be_v all_o desert_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o euphrates_n a_o day_n be_v journey_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n josephus_n not_o far_o from_o that_o noble_a river_n say_v 676._o say_v lib._n 5._o bell._n civ_o p._n 676._o appian_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o marc._n antony_n threaten_v the_o sack_n of_o the_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n immediate_o transport_v all_o their_o good_n beyond_o the_o river_n the_o bank_n of_o which_o they_o defend_v with_o their_o archer_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o town_n empty_a baffled_z the_o design_n and_o deceive_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o roman_a troop_n but_o situate_v by_o a_o river_n that_o run_v by_o its_o wall_n who_o name_n ptolemy_n either_o know_v not_o or_o omit_v but_o other_o geographer_n call_v it_o palmyra_n etc._n domin_n marius_n niger_n maginus_fw-la etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o it_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o palmyrene_n mountain_n run_v through_o the_o country_n and_o at_o last_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euphrates_n though_o now_o there_o be_v no_o footstep_n of_o its_o course_n leave_v nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o a_o small_a river_n shall_v be_v swallow_v up_o in_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n of_o such_o vast_a quantity_n of_o sand._n when_o solomon_n build_v it_o he_o give_v it_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o strength_n and_o security_n that_o the_o rule_n of_o fortification_n in_o that_o age_n allow_v of_o and_o it_o continue_v so_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v a_o frontier_n garrison_n fence_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n but_o better_o guard_v by_o a_o brave_a garrison_n the_o militia_n of_o palmyra_n be_v esteem_v very_o stout_a their_o archer_n be_v excellent_a marks-man_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n appian_n and_o their_o horseman_n well_o arm_v with_o heavy_a armour_n and_o very_o secure_a the_o army_n of_o zenobia_n say_v the_o historian_n consist_v of_o ancher_n 44._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 44._o and_o horseman_n arm_v cap-a-pé_a who_o notwithstanding_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o arm_n be_v much_o better_a horseman_n than_o the_o roman_n and_o such_o a_o 237._o a_o zonar_n tom_fw-mi 2._o p._n 237._o value_n do_v they_o set_v upon_o their_o horse_n that_o no_o great_a affront_n or_o disgrace_n can_v be_v offer_v to_o a_o palmyrenian_a than_o to_o take_v his_o horse_n from_o he_o nor_o do_v the_o roman_n disdain_v their_o assistance_n for_o in_o their_o militia_n with_o the_o assyrian_n and_o moor_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o osroene_n be_v muster_v chap._n iii_o palmtra_fw-mi be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n and_o give_v it_o its_o name_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o great_a trade_n rich_a say_v pliny_n in_o the_o fertility_n of_o its_o soil_n but_o much_o more_o so_o by_o its_o commerce_n for_o it_o have_v not_o only_o the_o advantage_n of_o its_o own_o commodity_n but_o be_v the_o thoroughfare_a of_o all_o the_o merchant_n that_o live_v beyond_o it_o towards_o the_o mediterranean_a who_o trade_v to_o forath_n and_o charax_n and_o other_o port_n on_o the_o persian_a gulf_n if_o i_o right_o understand_v 722._o understand_v nat._n hist_o l._n 6._o §._o 32._o p._n 722._o pliny_n who_o say_v that_o at_o petra_n in_o arabia_n the_o two_o way_n meet_v both_o of_o those_o who_o come_v through_o palmyra_n probable_o from_o antioch_n seleucia_n in_o pisidia_n laodicea_n and_o other_o conterminous_a place_n and_o of_o those_o also_o who_o come_v from_o gaza_n travel_v towards_o the_o gulf_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o the_o caravan_n who_o make_v that_o their_o constant_a road_n both_o to_o and_o from_o persia_n must_v help_v to_o enrich_v the_o stage_n where_o they_o bait_v but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o its_o happiness_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v great_a merchant_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n appian_n and_o marc._n antony_n think_v the_o plunder_n of_o this_o city_n a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o all_o the_o fatigue_n and_o hardship_n which_o his_o horse_n endure_v in_o that_o country_n during_o the_o persian_a war_n though_o he_o fail_v of_o his_o attempt_n they_o have_v form_v themselves_o into_o a_o company_n under_o a_o precedent_n and_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o a_o east-india_n trade_n can_v well_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o a_o single_a person_n though_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o merchant_n of_o tyre_n who_o be_v companion_n of_o prince_n for_o i_o find_v in_o one_o of_o the_o inscription_n 99_o pag._n 99_o that_o septimius_n orodes_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o illustrious_a testimonial_a from_o 〈◊〉_d from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o word_n that_o appear_v in_o no_o author_n that_o i_o know_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d like_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etym._n m._n p._n 474._o or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n ib._n those_o governor_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o trade_n be_v call_v at_o athens_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etym._n m._n &_o harpocrat_n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d their_o number_n say_v aristotle_n be_v ten_o their_o business_n to_o oversee_a the_o port_n and_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o corn_n that_o be_v bring_v thither_o for_o which_o purpose_n they_o have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o most_o honourable_a benefaction_n to_o build_v such_o a_o granary_n philostrat_v vit._n polemon_n smyrnae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o precedent_n or_o chief_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o carry_v the_o manufacture_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o asia_n down_o the_o euphrates_n to_o balsora_n or_o perhaps_o no_o far_o than_o vologesia_n append_v vid._n append_v and_o bring_v from_o persia_n the_o merchandize_n of_o india_n and_o arabia_n and_o so_o furnish_v the_o roman_n with_o spice_n and_o silk_n and_o other_o rich_a good_n for_o though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o lie_v far_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o without_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o river_n which_o must_v be_v retract_v since_o it_o ancient_o have_v the_o assistance_n of_o a_o river_n though_o it_o be_v since_o lose_v in_o the_o sand_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o euphrates_n a_o noble_a and_o navigable_a river_n and_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o camel_n and_o dromedary_n by_o which_o sort_n of_o carriage_n all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o east_n be_v former_o bring_v into_o europe_n by_o caravan_n before_o the_o cape_n of_o good-hope_a be_v discover_v but_o palmyra_n have_v its_o own_o product_n salt_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n now_o drive_v a_o trade_n and_o date_n the_o fruit_n of_o their_o palm-tree_n which_o be_v not_o only_o great_a delicacy_n at_o rome_n and_o elsewhere_o 4._o plut._n sympos_fw-la 8._o qu._n 4._o for_o nicolaus_n damascenus_n think_v the_o date_n of_o syria_n a_o fit_a present_n for_o augustus_n and_o phoenicia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o grave_v

himself_o to_o to_o the_o conquer_a party_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o persian_n not_o be_v able_a alone_a and_o unassisted_a to_o oppose_v so_o great_a a_o power_n see_v the_o roman_a emperor_n engage_v in_o person_n in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o puissant_a army_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o know_v that_o his_o ancestor_n have_v receive_v many_o signal_n favour_n from_o the_o emperor_n predecessor_n to_o valerian_n be_v easy_o persuade_v to_o declare_v for_o the_o roman_a interest_n but_o when_o valerian_n be_v take_v captive_a odenathus_n bethink_v himself_o and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v his_o peace_n have_v find_v the_o persian_a monarch_n so_o much_o superior_a to_o the_o roman_a whereupon_o be_v convince_v of_o the_o necessity_n he_o be_v under_o to_o smooth_v the_o mind_n of_o that_o haughty_a prince_n he_o form_v a_o embassy_n load_v several_a camel_n with_o most_o noble_a present_n especial_o of_o such_o thing_n which_o persia_n do_v not_o produce_v and_o send_v they_o to_o sapores_fw-la with_o the_o most_o submissive_a letter_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o whole_a war_n he_o have_v not_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o that_o great_a king_n but_o the_o proud_a persian_a command_v his_o servant_n to_o throw_v the_o present_n into_o the_o river_n and_o tear_v the_o letter_n he_o trample_v they_o under_o his_o foot_n express_v himself_o in_o a_o angry_a tone_n to_o this_o purpose_n who_o be_v this_o insolent_a man_n and_o from_o whence_o that_o he_o dare_v write_v his_o letter_n to_o his_o liege_n lord_n and_o sovereign_n if_o he_o intend_v to_o alleviate_v his_o punishment_n let_v he_o come_v hither_o with_o his_o hand_n tie_v behind_o his_o back_n fall_v at_o my_o foot_n and_o beg_v my_o pardon_n but_o if_o he_o refuse_v let_v he_o know_v that_o i_o will_v destroy_v he_o and_o his_o family_n and_o ruin_v his_o country_n what_o effect_n this_o sharp_a answer_n have_v upon_o the_o prince_n of_o palmyra_n we_o want_v information_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o he_o dissemble_v his_o resentment_n make_v the_o best_a term_n he_o can_v for_o himself_o and_o wait_v a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n which_o in_o a_o few_o year_n offer_v itself_o when_o gallienus_n give_v he_o his_o commission_n to_o insult_v the_o persian_n to_o support_v the_o opinion_n that_o odenathus_n be_v be_v a_o ally_n if_o not_o a_o subject_a of_o the_o persian_n before_o valerian_n attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o east_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n trebellius_n pollio_n affirm_v that_o when_o cyriades_n pretend_v to_o the_o empire_n he_o rob_v his_o father_n of_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n and_o with_o it_o flee_v to_o the_o persian_n and_o have_v insinuate_v himself_o into_o the_o affection_n of_o sapores_fw-la and_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o he_o incite_v he_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o roman_n after_o he_o have_v engage_v odenathus_n in_o the_o same_o design_n that_o he_o take_v antioch_n and_o caesarea_n and_o make_v himself_o either_o by_o downright_a force_n or_o the_o terror_n of_o his_o arm_n lord_n of_o the_o east_n whereupon_o he_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o augustus_n but_o when_o valerian_n come_v into_o the_o east_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o his_o soldier_n this_o alliance_n he_o make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n say_v 25._o say_v tom._n 3._o pag._n 25._o tristan_n in_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n of_o valerian_n in_o the_o four_o say_v mezzobarba_n and_o he_o reign_v at_o least_o two_o year_n say_v the_o 72._o the_o goltz_n thesaur_n p._n 72._o coin_n but_o salmasius_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o odenathus_n be_v concern_v in_o this_o attempt_n upon_o syria_n but_o odomastes_n perhaps_o oromastes_n who_o he_o suppose_v a_o general_n or_o a_o tributary_n prince_n to_o the_o persian_a though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a but_o the_o prince_n of_o palmyra_n may_v be_v engage_v in_o this_o design_n not_o only_o because_o in_o league_n with_o the_o persian_a but_o also_o because_o be_v a_o ambitious_a politic_a and_o warlike_a prince_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o enlarge_v his_o limit_n and_o to_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o distract_a estate_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o that_o time_n to_o make_v addition_n to_o his_o own_o territory_n but_o when_o valerian_n be_v march_v into_o the_o east_n and_o cyriades_n be_v slay_v than_o he_o bethink_v himself_o and_o in_o good_a time_n change_v his_o party_n and_o declare_v for_o the_o roman_n which_o enrage_v sapores_fw-la and_o give_v occasion_n to_o he_o to_o upbraid_v odenathus_n when_o valerian_n be_v make_v prisoner_n with_o his_o apostasy_n from_o his_o duty_n chap._n xiii_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o roman_a eagle_n have_v be_v thus_o deplumed_a and_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o empire_n eclip'_v while_o valerian_n wear_v the_o chain_n and_o daily_o suffer_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n it_o may_v have_v be_v with_o justice_n expect_v that_o gallienus_n shall_v have_v exert_v his_o utmost_a power_n to_o release_v his_o father_n and_o set_v his_o country_n and_o subject_n free_a but_o instead_o of_o apply_v himself_o to_o such_o become_a undertake_n which_o will_v have_v give_v new_a life_n to_o his_o people_n and_o new_a laurel_n to_o himself_o who_o have_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n behave_v himself_o like_o a_o man_n of_o courage_n and_o conduct_n he_o give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o voluptuousness_n and_o permit_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v shipwrack_v inasmuch_o as_o he_o not_o only_o neglect_v to_o make_v a_o attempt_n for_o his_o father_n release_n while_o by_o the_o barbarian_n the_o neighbour_a prince_n who_o be_v confederate_a with_o the_o persian_n sapores_fw-la be_v solicit_v with_o all_o earnestness_n to_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n and_o to_o make_v a_o 155._o a_o aurel._n victor_n caess_a p._n 155._o peace_n of_o which_o the_o letter_n still_o extant_a in_o trebellius_n pollio_n be_v a_o undeniable_a demonstration_n while_o also_o the_o bactrian_n iberian_o albanian_o and_o tauroscythae_n write_v to_o the_o roman_a general_n promise_v their_o assistance_n to_o redeem_v he_o out_o of_o a_o ignominious_a slavery_n but_o suffer_v the_o goth_n a.d._n 261._o say_v the_o fasti_fw-la idatiani_n but_o cassiodore_n say_v anno_fw-la 263._o to_o overrun_v all_o thrace_n macedon_n and_o achaia_n with_o the_o neighbour_a province_n 34._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 34._o one_o party_n of_o they_o ravage_v illyricum_n and_o pillage_n all_o its_o city_n another_o invade_a italy_n and_o march_v to_o the_o very_a gate_n of_o rome_n while_o the_o parthian_n make_v their_o inroad_n into_o mesopotamia_n and_o the_o syrian_a banditti_z harass_v the_o east_n 80._o east_n aug._n ep._n 80._o insomuch_o as_o the_o considerate_a part_n of_o mankind_n think_v the_o world_n near_o its_o end_n and_o the_o sad_a effect_n of_o those_o eruption_n be_v visible_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o a_o noble_a city_n and_o country_n almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o both_o in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n say_v 22._o say_v lib._n 7._o cap._n 22._o orosius_n while_o every_o bold_a pretender_n dare_v set_v up_o his_o title_n to_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o west_n who_o can_v defend_v his_o usurpation_n with_o his_o sword_n his_o father_n valerian_n languish_v all_o the_o while_n under_o a_o severe_a captivity_n 175._o treb._n pol._n p._n 175._o till_o his_o age_n and_o his_o affliction_n have_v cover_v he_o with_o grey_a hair_n when_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v in_o this_o perplex_a estate_n 179._o eutrop._n l._n 9_o §._o 10._o treb._n pol._n p._n 178_o 179._o and_o their_o interest_n at_o the_o low_a ebb_n gallienus_n have_v desert_v the_o care_n of_o the_o republic_n sauntre_v away_o his_o time_n idle_o or_o spend_v it_o ridiculous_o in_o the_o company_n of_o rope-dancer_n and_o stage-player_n and_o laugh_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o a_o fertile_a and_o rich_a province_n while_o posthumus_n maintain_v its_o grandeur_n in_o the_o west_n and_o preserve_v gallia_n and_o odenathus_n in_o the_o east_n attack_v and_o subdue_v the_o persian_n for_o when_o that_o senseless_a emperor_n see_v himself_o so_o miserable_o oppress_v on_o all_o hand_n awaken_v by_o the_o outcry_n of_o his_o people_n he_o for_o a_o little_a while_n rouse_v himself_o out_o of_o his_o lethargy_n and_o look_v about_o he_o and_o see_v all_o at_o stake_n request_v odenathus_n 237._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o pag._n 36._o zonar_n t._n 2._o p._n 235_o 237._o the_o governor-general_n or_o praetor_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o confederate_a of_o the_o roman_n the_o prince_n of_o that_o country_n say_v trebellius_n pollio_n to_o drive_v the_o persian_n out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n odenathus_n consider_v that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o interpose_v it_o will_v be_v impossible_a but_o that_o sapores_fw-la will_v in_o a_o small_a time_n under_o

and_o rapine_n as_o aurelian_a in_o his_o letter_n to_o cejonius_fw-la bassus_n relate_v spare_v neither_o age_n sex_n nor_o quality_n involve_v woman_n and_o child_n old_a and_o young_a the_o nobility_n and_o the_o boor_n in_o the_o same_o common_a ruin_n till_o there_o be_v hardly_o leave_v a_o man_n to_o inhabit_v the_o city_n or_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n such_o a_o revenge_n satiate_v even_o the_o fierce_a temper_n of_o aurelian_a inasmuch_o as_o he_o he_o write_v to_o cejonius_fw-la bassus_n or_o rather_o cerronius_n according_a to_o the_o old_a copy_n probable_o the_o same_o cerronius_n the_o general_n of_o the_o dalmatian_a troop_n who_o slay_v gallienus_n who_o i_o conjecture_v aurelian_a left_a the_o governor_n of_o palmyrene_n to_o put_v a_o period_n to_o the_o carnage_n and_o to_o spare_v the_o poor_a remain_v of_o that_o unfortunate_a city_n enjoin_v he_o express_o to_o build_v the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o have_v be_v sack_v it_o and_o rifle_v by_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o three_o legion_n as_o magnificent_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o time_n past_a and_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o extant_a at_o this_o append_v vid._n append_v day_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o stupendous_a building_n to_o the_o repair_v this_o noble_a structure_n he_o enjoin_v he_o to_o expend_v 300_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n which_o he_o find_v in_o the_o coffer_n of_o zenobia_n beside_o 1800_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o people_n good_n together_o with_o the_o crown_n jewel_n all_o which_o he_o order_v to_o be_v sell_v to_o make_v money_n to_o beautify_v the_o temple_n while_o himself_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o the_o senate_n to_o send_v a_o priest_n from_o rome_n to_o dedicate_v it_o after_o this_o aurelian_a return_n into_o europe_n without_o any_o disturbance_n carry_v the_o unhappy_a zenobia_n his_o prisoner_n with_o he_o to_o rome_n till_o she_o become_v one_o of_o the_o ornament_n of_o his_o triumph_n whither_o i_o shall_v follow_v she_o to_o complete_a her_o story_n when_o i_o have_v brief_o consider_v the_o fortune_n of_o her_o associate_n firmius_n chap._n xvii_o when_o aurelian_a have_v put_v to_o death_n all_o zenobia_n councillor_n military_a officer_n and_o associate_n and_o destroy_v the_o city_n marcus_n firmius_n as_o the_o coin_n style_v he_o while_o the_o historian_n call_v he_o firmus_n one_o of_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o captive_a princess_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n 242._o emperor_n vopis_n p._n 242._o and_o endeavour_v to_o revenge_v her_o quarrel_n he_o be_v bear_v at_o seleucia_n and_o breed_v up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o robu_v exercise_n nature_n have_v fit_v he_o with_o a_o gigantic_a body_n qualify_v for_o such_o undertake_n his_o stature_n be_v tall_a to_o a_o prodigy_n and_o his_o limb_n so_o firm_a that_o support_v himself_o only_o with_o his_o hand_n he_o can_v endure_v the_o smith_n when_o they_o have_v lay_v a_o anvil_n on_o his_o bare_a breast_n to_o smite_v on_o it_o with_o their_o sledge_n and_o proportionable_a to_o his_o strength_n be_v his_o stomach_n for_o he_o use_v to_o eat_v a_o ostrich_n at_o a_o meal_n and_o can_v swallow_v at_o a_o sit_v though_o his_o usual_a drink_n be_v water_n as_o much_o wine_n as_o two_o bucket_n will_v hold_v he_o have_v also_o ama_v vast_a wealth_n have_v often_o send_v his_o ship_n to_o trade_n in_o the_o east-indies_n which_o return_v load_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a good_n and_o among_o other_o rarity_n two_o elephant_n tooth_n of_o ten_o foot_n long_o and_o of_o the_o product_n of_o egypt_n he_o have_v in_o his_o warehouse_n as_o much_o paper_n and_o glue_v as_o will_v maintain_v a_o army_n loc_n vid._n salmas_n in_o loc_n and_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v a_o port_n suitable_a to_o his_o station_n to_o his_o riches_n and_o his_o dignity_n he_o build_v he_o a_o noble_a and_o pompous_a palace_n at_o alexandria_n firmius_n have_v thus_o fill_v his_o coffer_n and_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o maintain_v the_o interest_n he_o resolve_v to_o engage_v in_o declare_v himself_o a_o friend_n and_o confederate_a to_o zenobia_n nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o improbable_a that_o zenobia_n constitute_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a strength_n and_o courage_n and_o master_n of_o a_o great_a estate_n her_o governor_n over_o egypt_n when_o zabdas_n have_v conquer_v it_o and_o when_o that_o illustrious_a queen_n fall_v into_o her_o misfortune_n he_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o blemmyoe_n and_o saracen_n and_o then_o declare_v himself_o emperor_n as_o the_o coin_n express_o prove_v though_o aurelian_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n which_o style_v all_o tyrant_n and_o usurper_n thief_n will_v not_o allow_v he_o a_o better_a title_n than_o that_o of_o the_o egyptian_a robber_n and_o though_o vopiscus_n say_v that_o he_o declare_v egypt_n a_o free_a state_n refuse_v to_o assume_v the_o ensign_n of_o royalty_n and_o have_v recollect_v the_o scatter_a force_n of_o zenobia_n army_n undertake_v to_o support_v the_o improsperous_a cause_n and_o to_o defend_v alexandria_n but_o no_o power_n can_v resist_v the_o genius_n of_o aurelian_a for_o after_o the_o return_n of_o that_o great_a man_n from_o carrae_n firmius_n fall_v a_o victor_n to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o some_o say_v become_v his_o own_o executioner_n but_o aurelian_a himself_n affirm_v that_o after_o he_o have_v rout_v his_o army_n he_o besiege_v he_o in_o alexandria_n and_o have_v take_v the_o city_n by_o storm_n he_o severe_o chastise_v the_o citizen_n for_o their_o sedition_n but_o crucified_a their_o ephemerous_a emperor_n for_o he_o do_v not_o reign_v a_o full_a year_n which_o be_v the_o usual_a punishment_n to_o which_o thief_n be_v condemn_v from_o egypt_n the_o fierce_a and_o indefatigable_a emperor_n march_v his_o troop_n towards_o the_o west_n vex_v and_o angry_a that_o tetricus_n still_o maintain_v his_o pretension_n to_o the_o purple_a in_o france_n but_o upon_o his_o approach_n tetricus_n who_o can_v no_o long_o endure_v nor_o digest_v the_o insolence_n of_o his_o legion_n give_v up_o his_o army_n to_o aurelian_a who_o have_v thus_o quiet_v the_o affair_n of_o both_o the_o east_n and_o west_n return_v to_o rome_n with_o his_o captive_n which_o city_n he_o resolve_v to_o enter_v in_o state_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o universe_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o affair_n of_o zenobia_n after_o she_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o aurelian_a be_v different_o relate_v 55._o relate_v l._n 1._o p._n 55._o zosimus_n aver_v that_o the_o victorious_a emperor_n carry_v she_o her_o son_n and_o all_o her_o accomplice_n with_o he_o towards_o rome_n and_o that_o it_o be_v report_v that_o she_o either_o die_v of_o some_o disease_n or_o that_o refuse_v all_o manner_n of_o sustenance_n she_o starve_v herself_o and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o captive_n except_o her_o son_n be_v shipwreck_v and_o drown_v in_o the_o strait_n between_o chalcedon_n and_o byzantium_n 397._o byzantium_n pay_n 2._o p._n 397._o malela_n say_v that_o aurelian_a cause_v she_o to_o ride_v on_o a_o dromedary_n and_o carry_v she_o with_o he_o through_o all_o the_o east_n till_o he_o come_v to_o antioch_n where_o for_o three_o day_n he_o expose_v she_o to_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o people_n load_v with_o fetter_n who_o have_v often_o see_v she_o in_o the_o height_n of_o her_o glory_n after_o which_o he_o transport_v she_o to_o rome_n where_o after_o she_o have_v act_v her_o part_n among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o conquer_a province_n he_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v behead_v but_o 240._o but_o tom._n 2._o p._n 240._o zonaras_n talk_v doubtful_o his_o author_n from_o who_o he_o derive_v his_o notice_n differ_v in_o their_o account_n some_o affirm_v that_o the_o victor_n use_v she_o with_o the_o great_a clemency_n and_o marry_v she_o at_o rome_n to_o a_o man_n of_o quality_n syncellus_n say_v he_o be_v a_o senator_n other_o that_o she_o die_v by_o the_o way_n oppress_v with_o grief_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o her_o empire_n and_o that_o aurelian_a himself_n marry_v one_o of_o her_o daughter_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o other_o for_o wife_n to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a of_o the_o roman_n but_o in_o the_o memoir_n of_o the_o western_a affair_n we_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o writer_n of_o that_o country_n who_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o what_o be_v do_v in_o their_o own_o country_n than_o those_o who_o live_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n in_o the_o east_n and_o they_o all_o agree_v etc._n hier._n chron._n eutrop._n treb._n pol._n etc._n etc._n that_o zenobia_n survive_v all_o her_o misfortune_n that_o aurelian_a give_v she_o her_o life_n for_o her_o own_o sake_n and_o for_o the_o merit_n of_o odenathus_n and_o that_o she_o live_v very_o happy_o

for_o and_o that_o he_o be_v satisfy_v that_o their_o argument_n from_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o humane_a affair_n never_o make_v any_o impression_n on_o their_o mind_n in_o the_o day_n of_o their_o prosperity_n while_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o tread_v in_o the_o step_n and_o to_o imitate_v the_o noble_a practice_n of_o his_o predecessor_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o suppress_v the_o stubborn_a and_o obstinate_a but_o to_o comfort_v and_o support_v the_o penitent_a and_o have_v thus_o speak_v he_o command_v the_o ambassador_n to_o return_v to_o his_o master_n and_o to_o represent_v to_o he_o the_o clemency_n of_o the_o roman_n of_o who_o courage_n he_o have_v late_o meet_v with_o a_o unquestionable_a demonstration_n bid_v he_o to_o expect_v in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o return_n of_o the_o prisoner_n according_a to_o his_o desire_n have_v dismiss_v the_o persian_a ambassador_n the_o triumphant_a galerius_n return_v into_o mesopotamia_n to_o dioclesian_n cover_v with_o laurel_n and_o the_o trophy_n of_o a_o entire_a victory_n and_o be_v receive_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o great_a honour_n as_o he_o just_o deserve_v at_o nisibis_n galerius_n meet_v the_o emperor_n without_o who_o consent_n himself_o be_v only_a caesar_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o confirm_v a_o peace_n and_o have_v make_v dioclesian_n acquaint_v with_o the_o particular_n consult_v with_o he_o what_o article_n they_o shall_v propose_v to_o the_o persian_a monarch_n 30._o p._n patric_n excerp_n p._n 29._o 30._o when_o they_o have_v adjust_v the_o affair_n they_o send_v sicorius_n probus_n the_o emperor_n secretary_n into_o persia_n with_o the_o term_n of_o agreement_n the_o king_n treat_v the_o ambassador_n with_o all_o civility_n but_o pretend_v some_o hindrance_n or_o other_o carry_v he_o with_o he_o from_o place_n to_o place_n till_o he_o come_v to_o asprudis_n a_o river_n of_o media_n where_o the_o scatter_a remain_v of_o his_o rout_v army_n have_v rally_v and_o embody_v themselves_o pitch_v their_o tent_n there_o he_o grant_v the_o ambassador_n all_o the_o demand_n of_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n except_o that_o the_o place_n of_o meet_v shall_v be_v nisibis_n upon_o which_o the_o persian_a monarch_n wife_n and_o child_n be_v restore_v he_o and_o the_o captive_a nobility_n have_v their_o liberty_n at_o this_o time_n castra_n be_v found_v by_o dioclesian_n say_v 5._o say_v lib._n 23._o cap._n 5._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n and_o 17._o and_o par._n 2._o p._n 17._o johannes_n malela_n which_o he_o call_v cercusium_n malela_n circisium_n but_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o chalcedon_n council_n castro-circon_a by_o a_o complication_n of_o both_o name_n for_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o persian_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n be_v so_o destructive_a to_o those_o province_n that_o the_o 42._o the_o procop._n persic_a l._n 2._o c._n 5._o p._n 97._o &_o the_o aedific_a l._n 2._o c._n 3._o p._n 42._o emperor_n see_v it_o very_o necessary_a to_o build_v several_a city_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o river_n to_o secure_v their_o border_n particular_o in_o that_o large_a and_o barren_a desert_n that_o lie_v between_o euphratesia_n and_o the_o persian_a limit_n in_o that_o solitude_n dioclesian_n erect_v three_o castle_n build_v of_o unbaked_a brick_n of_o which_o number_n mambri_n be_v one_o which_o be_v situate_a five_o mile_n below_o zenobia_n but_o circesium_n stand_v three_o day_n journey_n low_a than_o zenobia_n and_o as_o far_o from_o palmyra_n be_v the_o last_o and_o remote_a castle_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v on_o their_o confine_n a_o little_a below_o thapsacus_n it_o be_v build_v very_o neat_a and_o very_o strong_a on_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o the_o abora_n or_o chaborras_n as_o it_o be_v call_v in_o ptolemy_n two_o noble_a river_n which_o wash_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n be_v situate_v on_o the_o far_a side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n in_o that_o very_a angle_n which_o the_o two_o river_n make_v when_o they_o meet_v beside_o the_o rampart_n of_o the_o castle_n it_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o long_a wall_n which_o extend_v itself_o for_o some_o mile_n on_o the_o side_n of_o both_o the_o river_n and_o be_v build_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o triangle_n in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v a_o mean_a place_n and_o not_o tenable_a but_o dioclesian_n fence_v it_o with_o high_a wall_n and_o tower_n when_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o barbarian_n he_o fix_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n lest_o the_o persian_n shall_v by_o that_o pass_n invade_v syria_n as_o they_o have_v in_o time_n pass_v often_o do_v to_o the_o great_a detriment_n of_o the_o province_n paricular_o under_o supr_fw-la under_o ammian_n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la gallienus_n when_o they_o march_v their_o army_n over_o this_o ford_n and_o sack_v and_o burn_v antioch_n in_o 17._o in_o malel_n par_fw-fr 2._o p._n 17._o the_o reign_n of_o julian_n the_o apostate_n it_o be_v garrison_v with_o 6000_o man_n and_o in_o the_o 13_o year_n of_o supr_fw-la of_o precop_n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la justinian_n when_o chosroes_n bring_v his_o force_n thither_o with_o a_o design_n that_o way_n to_o invade_v the_o empire_n he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v it_o after_o which_o time_n how_o long_o it_o continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n i_o know_v not_o by_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o castra_n be_v found_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 27_o 8_o 9_o and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n hierocles_n be_v governor_n of_o palmyra_n chap._n xxxiii_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n palmyra_n continue_v a_o roman_a garrison_n the_o town_n be_v then_o under_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o dux_n phoeniciae_n as_o the_o notitiae_fw-la collect_v probable_o in_o that_o emperor_n reign_n affirm_v command_v by_o a_o colonel_n or_o praefect_n of_o the_o first_o illyrian_a legion_n which_o be_v leave_v there_o in_o garrison_n and_o in_o this_o state_n it_o be_v when_o stephen_n the_o grammarian_n of_o constantinople_n publish_v his_o work_n concern_v the_o city_n for_o he_o call_v it_o express_o a_o castle_n of_o syria_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o hermolaus_n his_o epitomator_n who_o dedicate_v his_o breviate_v to_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n inform_v we_o but_o though_o the_o civil_a privilege_n of_o the_o city_n be_v infringe_v it_o retain_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o episcopal_n see_v this_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o pagan_a emperor_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o fortify_v the_o church_n be_v careful_a to_o preserve_v her_o right_n when_o the_o city_n honour_v with_o the_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n have_v lose_v she_o justinian_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ann._n chr._n 52⅞_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o persian_n resolve_v to_o rebuild_v palmyra_n say_v procopius_n who_o thus_o describe_v it_o 95._o procop._n de_fw-fr aedific_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o p._n 50._o &_o l._n 5._o c._n 1._o p._n 95._o that_o there_o be_v a_o city_n of_o phoenicia_n near_o mount_n libanus_n call_v palmyra_n build_v of_o old_a in_o a_o country_n that_o have_v no_o neighbour_n but_o such_o as_o be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o most_o commodious_o situate_v to_o observe_v the_o movement_n of_o the_o saracen_n the_o enemy_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v be_v build_v on_o purpose_n to_o prevent_v the_o eruption_n of_o those_o barbarian_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n this_o city_n have_v be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n desert_v justinian_n strengthen_v with_o extraordinary_a fortification_n bring_v water_n to_o the_o place_n for_o the_o support_n of_o a_o strong_a garrison_n which_o he_o fix_v there_o and_o to_o justinian_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o attribute_v the_o build_n the_o castle_n of_o palmyra_n 103._o vid._n journal_n p._n 84_o 85_o 103._o rather_o than_o to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o druses_n who_o never_o that_o we_o read_v of_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n as_o far_o as_o tadmur_v as_o also_o that_o noble_a aqueduct_v seem_v to_o be_v of_o his_o foundation_n which_o run_v underground_o in_o a_o direct_a passage_n five_o mile_n and_o be_v cover_v all_o the_o way_n with_o a_o arch_n of_o bastard-marble_n and_o a_o path_n on_o both_o side_n the_o channel_n large_a enough_o for_o two_o person_n to_o walk_v a_o breast_n in_o with_o ventiduct_n at_o every_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n be_v build_v for_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o garrison_n with_o water_n this_o be_v do_v say_v 148._o say_v chronogr_n p._n 148._o theophanes_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o justinian_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o uncle_n justin_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v commission_n to_o patricius_n the_o armenian_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n to_o see_v the_o work_n do_v effectual_o have_v furnish_v he_o with_o money_n to_o that_o purpose_n command_v also_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n to_o

this_o appendix_n such_o critical_a observation_n as_o i_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n with_o the_o honorary_a office_n which_o the_o man_n of_o eminence_n bear_v in_o the_o city_n to_o which_o i_o have_v add_v a_o account_n of_o their_o idolatry_n with_o a_o short_a separate_a history_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o longinus_n two_o great_a man_n of_o palmyra_n intend_v to_o conclude_v the_o dissertation_n with_o some_o remark_n upon_o the_o inscription_n find_v among_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o once_o illustrious_a city_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o name_n tadmur_v and_o palmyra_n the_o precede_a history_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o palmyra_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n account_v for_o the_o name_n which_o be_v give_v it_o in_o the_o syriac_a language_n tadmur_n but_o in_o the_o greek_a palmyra_n say_v josephus_n and_o first_o of_o tadmur_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o hebrew_n 2_o chron._n 8.34_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o septuagint_n or_o as_o the_o alexandrian_a copy_n much_o near_o to_o the_o original_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o f._n harduin_n therefore_o very_o inept_o in_o his_o note_n on_o pliny_n call_v it_o theudemer_n and_o josephus_n as_o inartificial_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o st._n hierom_n in_o ezek._n 47._o and_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr spon_n and_o other_o affirm_v that_o thamar_n in_o the_o prophet_n who_o be_v state_v the_o limit_n of_o judaea_n to_o the_o south_n be_v no_o other_o than_o tadmur_n hie_v verò_fw-la terminus_fw-la plagae_fw-la australis_fw-la h._n e._n meridianae_fw-la incipit_fw-la à_fw-la thamar_n quae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la in_o solitudine_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la &_o solomon_n miris_fw-la operibus_fw-la instruxit_fw-la &_o hodiè_fw-la palmyra_n nuncupatur_fw-la hebreóque_fw-la sermone_fw-la thamar_n dicitur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o linguâ_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la palma_n sonat_fw-la and_o i_o be_v once_o enclinable_a to_o have_v correct_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o septuagint_n from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o instead_o of_o what_o we_o now_o read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o thamar_n the_o city_n of_o palm-tree_n or_o palmyra_n but_o i_o have_v since_o alter_v my_o opinion_n because_o thamar_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o border_n of_o judaea_n to_o the_o south_n whereas_o palmyra_n lie_v near_o direct_o east_n from_o jerusalem_n and_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o st._n hierom_n be_v deceive_v by_o the_o like_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n tamar_n in_o hebrew_a not_o tadmur_n signify_v a_o palmtree_n while_o palmyra_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v of_o a_o roman_a but_o greek_a original_a and_o if_o so_o can_v be_v derive_v from_o palma_n a_o pure_a latin_a word_n and_o that_o the_o septuagint_n read_v the_o text_n aright_o theman_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n of_o judaea_n theman_n say_v the_o targum_fw-la of_o jonathan_n i._n e._n jericho_n a_o town_n say_v eusebius_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la hebr._fw-la 15_o mile_n distant_a from_o petra_n in_o arabia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n often_o put_v for_o the_o whole_a country_n south_n of_o judaea_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o septuagint_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o it_o as_o strabo_n l._n 16._o p._n 259._o affirm_v that_o petra_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o arabia_n nabataea_n that_o the_o country_n round_o it_o be_v desert_n especial_o towards_o judaea_n that_o it_o be_v situate_a three_o or_o four_o day_n journey_n from_o jericho_n and_o five_o from_o the_o palmetum_fw-la or_o city_n of_o palm-tree_n as_o i_o will_v render_v it_o i_o be_v also_o once_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o palmyra_n have_v its_o denomination_n from_o the_o palm-tree_n as_o st._n jerom_n say_v express_o though_o tadmur_n be_v not_o a_o word_n of_o that_o signification_n but_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v derive_v rather_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d imply_v its_o admirable_a and_o stupendous_a situation_n probable_o because_o a_o fertile_a spot_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o vast_a desert_n but_o because_o josephus_n seem_v to_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v of_o greek_a original_a i_o can_v think_v it_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o egyptian_a deity_n for_o what_o have_v the_o god_n of_o egypt_n to_o do_v near_o the_o bank_n of_o euphrates_n nor_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o king_n or_o father_n but_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o persian_a shield_n or_o parma_n as_o the_o latin_n render_v it_o hesych_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d glossar_n vet._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v near_o neighbour_n to_o the_o persian_n while_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o either_o rome_n or_o egypt_n and_o from_o they_o with_o who_o they_o maintain_v a_o continual_a commerce_n may_v receive_v the_o name_n of_o their_o city_n which_o very_o well_o agree_v to_o a_o strong_a frontier_n town_n build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o border_n and_o this_o exact_o quadrate_v with_o the_o arabic_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d damar_n praesidium_n and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o derive_v palmyrene_n from_o a_o persic_a original_a as_o the_o neighbour_a province_n osrhoene_n the_o two_o province_n be_v often_o confound_v for_o photius_n cod._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d style_v zenobia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o queen_n of_o osrhoene_n which_o be_v without_o any_o dispute_n so_o denominate_v from_o osroes_n or_o chosroes_n the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n 49._o procop._n l._n 1._o pers_n c._n 17._o p._n 49._o and_o a_o confederate_a of_o the_o persian_n who_o give_v his_o name_n to_o edessa_n and_o the_o territory_n round_o it_o for_o i_o can_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n of_o malela_n though_o he_o seem_v by_o his_o often_o mention_v it_o 153._o par._n 1._o p._n 182._o par._n 2._o p._n 153._o to_o be_v fond_a of_o his_o etymology_n that_o it_o be_v call_v palmyra_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o goliath_n receive_v his_o fate_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n david_n though_o the_o humour_n of_o give_v name_n to_o city_n or_o country_n from_o such_o fabulous_a encounter_n have_v not_o be_v altogether_o disuse_v for_o say_v damascius_n apud_fw-la phod_n cot._fw-la 242._o some_o affirm_v that_o his_o native_a city_n damascus_n be_v so_o call_v from_o ascus_n a_o giant_n who_o jupiter_n there_o overcome_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o i_o fear_v some_o of_o our_o historian_n zealous_a for_o the_o honour_n of_o brute_n will_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o crime_n but_o though_o i_o can_v believe_v the_o fiction_n of_o david_n slay_v goliath_n at_o palmyra_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o that_o stout_a and_o victorious_a prince_n may_v have_v extend_v his_o empire_n as_o far_o as_o palmyra_n 60._o bechart_n spanhem_n hist_o job_n &_o hyde_n not._n in_o abr._n peritzol_n p._n 60._o when_o he_o invade_v hadadeze_a king_n of_o soba_n 2_o sam._n 8.3_o 1_o chron._n 18.3_o the_o euphrates_n be_v the_o eastern_a limit_v of_o syria_n sobah_n from_o beyond_o which_o river_n hadadeze_a bring_v his_o auxiliary_n i._n e._n from_o mesopotamia_n 2_o sam._n 10.16_o there_o call_v syria_n beyond_o the_o river_n as_o damascus_n be_v the_o western_a and_o palmyra_n be_v say_v 2_o chron._n 8.3_o 4._o to_o be_v situate_v in_o hamath_n soba_n or_o syria_n soba_n and_o the_o two_o city_n of_o arabia_n the_o desert_n sabe_n and_o barathena_n in_o ptolemy_n seem_v to_o be_v soba_n and_o berothai_n city_n of_o the_o sabean_o mention_v in_o the_o sacred_a write_n castaldus_n and_o ortelius_n affirm_v that_o palmyra_n be_v now_o call_v amegara_n but_o sanson_n say_v it_o be_v call_v faid_n as_o do_v nicolosius_n in_o his_o hercules_n siculus_n 263._o par._n 3._o p._n 263._o and_o other_o whereas_o it_o still_o retain_v its_o old_a denomination_n tadhmur_n as_o it_o always_o do_v among_o the_o syrian_n and_o arab_n 72._o l._n 2._o p._n 72._o the_o old_a geographer_n of_o ravenna_n reckon_v it_o among_o the_o city_n of_o caele-syria_n for_o so_o i_o will_v adventure_v to_o correct_v that_o author_n syria_n cilensin_n comagenis_n which_o mounseur_fw-fr porcheron_n read_v syria_n seleucis_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v syria_n cele_v in_o comagenis_n but_o call_v it_o malmiora_fw-la which_o the_o editor_n say_v be_v mistake_v for_o palmyra_n and_o with_o he_o i_o agree_v though_o perhaps_o tamira_n in_o the_o same_o author_n may_v be_v set_v for_o tadmira_n as_o hepolis_n for_o heliopolis_n for_o that_o geographer_n live_v in_o the_o seven_o century_n ib._n ib._n when_o that_o city_n have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o arab_n have_v recover_v its_o ancient_a syriack_n or_o arabic_a

of_o those_o city_n first_o institute_v the_o decurio_fw-la like_o our_o alderman_n of_o the_o ward_n have_v his_o particular_a province_n appoint_v and_o his_o number_n of_o person_n who_o he_o inspect_v nonius_n marcel_n decuriones_fw-la à_fw-la numero_fw-la cvi_fw-la praeerant_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la but_o the_o whole_a order_n or_o aggregate_v body_n govern_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v in_o the_o law_n and_o ancient_a history_n decuriones_fw-la civitatum_fw-la municipiorum_n &_o coloniarum_fw-la sept._n l._n 6._o epist_n ad_fw-la sept._n great_a care_n say_v tully_n be_v use_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o such_o governor_n the_o name_n of_o the_o candidate_n be_v before_o the_o election_n propose_v to_o the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v make_v their_o just_a exception_n if_o they_o have_v any_o against_o the_o person_n when_o any_o public_a business_n be_v to_o be_v do_v the_o senator_n be_v solemn_o summon_v to_o the_o court_n 1._o vid._n not._n in_o cod._n l._n 10._o t._n 31._o n._n 1._o for_o out_o of_o their_o body_n the_o duumviri_fw-la be_v choose_v who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v three_o month_n before_o they_o enter_v upon_o their_o province_n as_o also_o the_o aedile_n and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o dictator_n and_o praetor_n the_o court_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v immediate_a notice_n to_o every_o officer_n if_o absent_a who_o they_o have_v elect_v the_o inspection_n of_o the_o treasury_n be_v commit_v to_o they_o they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o management_n and_o disposal_n of_o all_o bequest_n and_o of_o the_o public_a money_n they_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o granary_n shall_v always_o be_v full_a that_o the_o city_n may_v not_o want_v bread_n they_o impose_v and_o levy_v tax_n in_o short_a the_o whole_a management_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o discharge_v of_o the_o office_n be_v very_o expensive_a and_o they_o be_v accountable_a for_o whatever_o public_a money_n shall_v be_v embezzle_v or_o misapply_v antiquit_fw-la vid._n b._n brisso_n l._n 4._o select_a antiquit_fw-la and_o be_v encumber_v with_o a_o troublesome_a province_n for_o the_o senator_n be_v not_o to_o leave_v the_o city_n to_o go_v to_o the_o court_n either_o upon_o the_o public_a or_o his_o own_o private_a affair_n without_o leave_n from_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o province_n they_o be_v prohibit_v the_o apply_v themselves_o to_o a_o military_a employment_n and_o if_o any_o man_n scruple_v to_o serve_v his_o country_n after_o he_o be_v choose_v the_o law_n compel_v he_o for_o two_o year_n together_o to_o do_v the_o office_n of_o a_o duumvir_fw-la unless_o the_o court_n exempt_v he_o or_o he_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o citizen_n to_o excuse_v he_o nor_o will_v fly_v to_o a_o monastery_n give_v a_o protection_n a_o religious_a house_n be_v not_o then_o a_o sanctuary_n to_o screen_n a_o man_n from_o civil_a employment_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 46._o the_o nou._n 46._o novel_n of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n after_o who_o reign_n the_o word_n do_v not_o occur_v in_o the_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o basilica_n the_o office_n of_o the_o ducurio_n be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o employment_n very_o burdensome_a and_o grievous_a and_o probable_o the_o person_n when_o choose_v be_v oblige_v to_o give_v to_o the_o public_a treasury_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n it_o be_v mention_v 475.3_o mention_v grut._n 475.3_o as_o a_o great_a honour_n do_v to_o titius_n chresimus_n that_o for_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o father_n the_o senate_n admit_v he_o into_o their_o society_n gratuitous_o ob_fw-la merita_fw-la patris_fw-la honorem_fw-la decurinatûs_fw-la gratuitum_fw-la decrevit_fw-la ordo_fw-la decurionum_fw-la but_o as_o the_o office_n be_v thus_o molest_v inasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v sometime_o inflict_v as_o a_o punishment_n for_o some_o offence_n so_o their_o privilege_n be_v very_o great_a and_o their_o station_n very_o honourable_a they_o be_v exempt_a from_o all_o extraordinary_a employment_n and_o from_o endure_v the_o torture_n be_v not_o to_o be_v condemn_v to_o the_o mine_n not_o to_o be_v burn_v alive_a throw_v to_o the_o wild_a beast_n crucify_a or_o behead_v but_o if_o criminal_a be_v imprison_v and_o fetter_v till_o the_o emperor_n have_v declare_v his_o pleasure_n and_o determine_v their_o fate_n and_o the_o honour_n be_v derive_v to_o the_o family_n to_o the_o father_n and_o the_o child_n of_o the_o senator_n who_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v ennoble_v the_o man_n of_o worth_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v choose_v member_n of_o the_o court_n at_o fifteen_o and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o age_n of_o seventy_o or_o prove_v the_o father_n of_o twelve_o child_n he_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o fatigue_n while_o he_o enjoy_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o senator_n nor_o can_v he_o be_v compel_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o province_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o most_o urgent_a necessity_n their_o body_n be_v style_v ordo_fw-la decurionum_fw-la the_o roll_n in_o which_o their_o edict_n be_v enter_v album_fw-la decurionum_fw-la their_o habit_n distinctive_a and_o ornamental_a decurionalibus_fw-la vestimentis_fw-la ornatus_fw-la 372.7_o grut._n p._n 372.7_o their_o house_n be_v supply_v with_o water_n upon_o the_o public_a charge_n ut_fw-la aquae_fw-la digitus_fw-la in_o domo_fw-la ejus_fw-la flueret_fw-la commodisque_fw-la publicis_fw-la 475.3_o id._n 475.3_o ac_fw-la si_fw-la decurio_fw-la frueretur_fw-la and_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o the_o great_a bequest_n above_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n have_v be_v give_v by_o c._n torasius_n 279.3_o grut._n p._n 279.3_o to_o furnish_v out_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o great_a supper_n annual_o provide_v on_o the_o birthday_n of_o his_o son_n for_o the_o ducuriones_n of_o the_o city_n and_o for_o a_o largess_n in_o money_n to_o the_o poor_a and_o if_o any_o generous_a person_n when_o die_v left_a legacy_n to_o the_o people_n they_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o disposal_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n d._n f._n d._n i._o p._n h._n e._n decurionum_fw-la fide_fw-la dividenda_fw-la in_o publicum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o emperor_n resolve_v to_o express_v his_o indignation_n against_o any_o people_n he_o deny_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v rule_v by_o a_o senate_n of_o their_o own_o inhabitant_n and_o leave_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n to_o the_o discretion_n and_o integrity_n of_o their_o governor_n who_o be_v a_o foreigner_n 451._o dio._n l._n 51._o p._n 451._o so_o augustus_n punish_v the_o proud_a city_n of_o alexandria_n for_o when_o he_o have_v conquer_v egypt_n he_o constitute_v cornelius_n gallus_n their_o governor_n but_o will_v not_o permit_v any_o citizen_n a_o share_n in_o public_a affair_n while_o he_o allow_v other_o city_n their_o privilege_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o this_o state_n they_o continue_v till_o septimius_n severus_n give_v they_o the_o jus_n buleutarum_fw-la the_o liberty_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o citizen_n 70._o spartian_a severus_n p._n 70._o and_o his_o son_n antoninus_n put_v they_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o be_v choose_v senator_n at_o rome_n which_o i_o conjecture_v be_v one_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o decuriones_fw-la in_o the_o colony_n that_o this_o title_n be_v very_o honourable_a in_o the_o colony_n of_o palmyra_n appear_v from_o sextus_n rufus_n who_o call_v odenathus_n before_o he_o assume_v the_o purple_a by_o the_o name_n of_o decurio_fw-la palmyrenus_n which_o trebellius_n pollio_n explain_v by_o princeps_fw-la civitatis_fw-la for_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o reside_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_a method_n of_o government_n the_o palmyrenian_o have_v also_o their_o procuratores_fw-la ducenarii_fw-la of_o which_o order_n be_v septimius_n orodes_n under_o odenathus_n and_o paulus_n of_o samosata_n the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n under_o zenobia_n the_o original_a of_o the_o office_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v from_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n who_o 32._o sneton_n august_n n._n 32._o for_o the_o better_a and_o more_o regular_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o the_o three_o court_n of_o judicature_n which_o have_v be_v former_o erect_v add_v a_o four_o style_v decuria_n ducenariorum_n of_o a_o inferior_a order_n the_o judge_n whereof_o at_o their_o first_o institution_n be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v cause_n of_o less_o moment_n but_o be_v in_o process_n of_o time_n advance_v to_o a_o noble_a jurisdiction_n they_o be_v common_o man_n of_o quality_n of_o the_o equestrian_a dignity_n though_o sometime_o liberti_n but_o in_o those_o day_n the_o emperor_n freedman_n make_v no_o contemptible_a figure_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o custom_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n be_v 506._o dio._n l._n 53._o p._n 506._o that_o every_o officer_n furnish_v the_o expense_n of_o his_o employment_n without_o any_o charge_n to_o the_o public_a but_o

always_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o inferior_a sacred_a order_n and_o in_o the_o old_a inseription_n be_v style_v scriba_fw-la à_fw-la libris_fw-la pontificalibus_fw-la who_o transcribe_v and_o preserve_v all_o the_o ritual_a and_o other_o book_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o high_a priest_n office_n and_o many_o time_n he_o manage_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o sacerdotal_a college_n be_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o temple_n so_o q._n ingenuus_n maximianus_n be_v scriba_fw-la publicus_n pontif._n 306.7_o grut._n 306.7_o &_o curator_n aerarii_fw-la the_o keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o public_a treaty_n and_o league_n beside_o the_o deed_n of_o private_a family_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n deposit_v in_o temple_n and_o the_o treasurer_n so_o nehemiah_n make_v shelemiah_n the_o priest_n and_o zadock_n the_o scribe_n and_o the_o levite_n pedaiah_n treasurer_n of_o the_o temple_n nehem._n 13.13_o and_o ingenuus_n be_v style_v scriba_fw-la publicus_n because_o the_o high_a priest_n have_v beside_o he_o as_o i_o conjecture_v another_o private_a secretary_n for_o his_o own_o affair_n so_o livius_n theona_n be_v say_v to_o be_v ab_fw-la epistolis_fw-la graecis_fw-la 587.6_o id._n 587.6_o scriba_fw-la à_fw-la libris_fw-la pontificalibus_fw-la such_o public_a scribe_n belong_v to_o the_o high-priest_n be_v those_o probable_o of_o who_o we_o read_v in_o the_o sacred_a write_n the_o chief_a priest_n and_o the_o scribe_n be_v common_o join_v together_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mat._n 26.3_o mar._n 10.33_o a_o very_a honourable_a station_n for_o god_n be_v say_v to_o imprint_v glory_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o scribe_n ecclus_n 10.5_o and_o they_o continue_v in_o employment_n among_o the_o jew_n when_o the_o high-priesthood_n cease_v 600_o year_n after_o our_o saviour_n time_n for_o when_o gregentius_n introduce_v the_o eminent_a jew_n judg._n disput_fw-la cum_fw-la herbano_n judg._n who_o attend_v their_o champion_n herbanus_n to_o the_o disputation_n about_o religion_n at_o tephra_n he_o reckon_v up_o a_o multitude_n of_o scribe_n and_o pharisee_n and_o lawyer_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o debate_n of_o the_o controversy_n they_o be_v the_o most_o illustrious_a person_n of_o the_o nation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d among_o the_o chief_a minister_n at_o antioch_n a_o city_n with_o which_o palmyra_n have_v a_o great_a commerce_n the_o secretary_n of_o the_o olympic_a game_n be_v habit_v 377._o malel_n l._n 12._o p._n 377._o and_o worship_v as_o a_o god_n for_o when_o commodus_n the_o emperor_n have_v confirm_v the_o bequest_n of_o sosibius_n to_o the_o people_n of_o antioch_n that_o every_o five_o year_n they_o may_v for_o forty_o five_o day_n together_o celebrate_v the_o olympic_a game_n the_o next_o officer_n to_o the_o alytarche_n who_o be_v the_o precedent_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o make_v law_n for_o the_o good_a and_o decent_a management_n of_o those_o sport_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o represent_v apollo_n he_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n clad_z all_o the_o time_n the_o solemnity_n last_v in_o a_o white_a garment_n his_o head_n adorn_v with_o a_o crown_n of_o pure_a gold_n shape_v like_o the_o leave_v of_o laurel_n and_o be_v worship_v as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v apollo_n this_o officer_n if_o the_o olympic_a game_n be_v peculiar_a to_o antioch_n in_o the_o east_n as_o to_o elis_n in_o greece_n so_o say_v the_o learned_a commentator_n on_o the_o oxford_n marble_n though_o the_o abovecited_a inscription_n in_o honour_n of_o paulinus_n persuade_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o game_n be_v also_o celebrate_v at_o smyrna_n be_v also_o peculiar_a to_o that_o city_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o asia_n have_v their_o other_o game_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d community_n of_o asia_n galatia_n bythinia_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v a_o principal_a share_n this_o office_n perhaps_o be_v discharge_v by_o malech_n agrippa_n at_o palmyra_n in_o the_o game_n celebrate_v in_o honour_n of_o alexander_n the_o emperor_n when_o he_o come_v into_o that_o part_n of_o syria_n in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d general_a meeting_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o province_n at_o alexandria_n one_o order_n of_o their_o priest_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o among_o they_o probable_o he_o who_o be_v of_o more_o eminent_a worth_n and_o station_n be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d scribarum_fw-la primus_fw-la as_o among_o the_o lictor_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v lictorum_fw-la princeps_fw-la of_o who_o extraordinary_a sobriety_n continency_n and_o other_o virtue_n together_o with_o their_o love_n of_o solitude_n and_o abstinence_n cheraemon_n the_o stoic_a who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n say_v theodorit_n and_o tzetzes_n 4._o ap._n porph_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 4._o though_o strabo_n speak_v slight_o of_o he_o give_v a_o large_a account_n and_o st._n clemens_n of_o alexandria_n describe_v their_o habit_n 6._o habit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 6._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o sacred_a scribe_n have_v wing_n on_o his_o head_n like_o a_o mercury_n that_o he_o carry_v a_o book_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o a_o pot_n or_o vessel_n for_o so_o i_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o regulam_fw-la as_o the_o interpreter_n for_o who_o carry_v ink_n in_o a_o rule_n ink_n must_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o vial_n or_o pot._n so_o hesych_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lege_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o will_v correct_v the_o learned_a grammarian_n id._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o be_v ink_n and_o a_o pen_n to_o write_v with_o his_o provence_n be_v to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o and_o to_o know_v exact_o the_o hieroglyphic_n of_o the_o egyptian_n to_o understand_v cosmography_n and_o geography_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o seven_o planet_n the_o chorography_n of_o egypt_n the_o description_n of_o the_o river_n nilus_n the_o use_n of_o the_o several_a vessel_n and_o instrument_n employ_v in_o holy_a office_n the_o state_n of_o all_o consecrate_a place_n the_o several_a kind_n of_o measure_n and_o whatever_o else_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o accomplish_n their_o sacred_a study_n for_o in_o egypt_n the_o priest_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o thirty_o six_o book_n of_o hermes_n which_o contain_v their_o sacred_a philosophy_n treat_v of_o religion_n and_o nature_n the_o other_o six_o book_n of_o his_o work_n be_v medicinal_a among_o who_o the_o prophet_n the_o chief_a priest_n or_o praefect_n of_o the_o the_o temple_n be_v bind_v to_o learn_v ten_o for_o his_o part_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o sacerdotal_a book_n wherein_o hermes_n treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o god_n and_o the_o whole_a discipline_n of_o the_o priesthood_n the_o chanter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o cheraemon_n call_v they_o with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hieroglyph_n l._n 1._o hieroglyph_n be_v oblige_v to_o learn_v the_o rest_n and_o orus_n apollo_n say_v that_o he_o who_o will_v describe_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o hieroglyphic_n aught_o to_o represent_v he_o by_o ink_n a_o sieve_n and_o a_o reed_n of_o the_o reed_n the_o egyptian_n make_v their_o pen_n so_o that_o ink_n and_o a_o reed_n denote_v his_o profession_n the_o sieve_n which_o also_o be_v make_v of_o the_o reed_n or_o bulrush_n his_o condition_n and_o quality_n that_o he_o be_v well_o provide_v for_o and_o have_v leisure_n to_o study_v those_o who_o want_v bread_n be_v compel_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o mechanical_a trade_n and_o the_o same_o author_n inform_v we_o they_o be_v judge_n of_o life_n and_o death_n not_o that_o they_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n of_o condemnation_n upon_o criminal_n or_o grant_v pardon_n or_o reprieve_n but_o that_o in_o time_n of_o sickness_n they_o determine_v whether_o the_o patient_n shall_v live_v or_o die_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v i_o doubt_v not_o a_o egptian_a word_n nor_o do_v it_o occur_v in_o any_o lexicon_n only_o in_o hesychius_n i_o find_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o perhaps_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v a_o sacred_a book_n which_o they_o call_v ambres_n probable_o a_o medicinal_a treatise_n one_o of_o the_o six_o book_n of_o hermes_n which_o he_o write_v upon_o that_o subject_a by_o the_o inspection_n of_o which_o they_o judge_v whether_o the_o sick_a person_n will_v either_o die_v or_o recover_v so_o much_o for_o

be_v only_o a_o cover_n for_o notorious_a debauchery_n resolve_v to_o destroy_v all_o those_o place_n that_o be_v destine_v to_o the_o gratification_n of_o the_o flesh_n particular_o the_o famous_a temple_n of_o venus_n in_o phoenicia_n that_o on_o one_o part_n of_o the_o mount_n libanus_n near_o the_o top_n of_o it_o in_o aphaca_n a_o grove_n and_o temple_n have_v be_v consecrate_v to_o venus_n not_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o city_n or_o in_o the_o highway_n where_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o heathen_n prompt_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o build_v their_o temple_n but_o in_o a_o retire_a place_n remote_a from_o all_o town_n and_o public_a road_n where_o a_o school_n of_o lewdness_n be_v erect_v where_o effeminate_a man_n prostitute_v themselves_o to_o unnatural_a lust_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o daemon_n and_o the_o female_a sex_n lay_v aside_o all_o regard_n to_o modesty_n and_o religion_n devote_a themselves_o to_o gratify_v the_o irregular_a desire_n of_o all_o pretender_n they_o live_v without_o control_v or_o observation_n because_o no_o virtuous_a person_n dare_v approach_v the_o place_n till_o that_o illustrious_a prince_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o demolish_v the_o temple_n and_o so_o put_v a_o period_n to_o those_o abominable_a practice_n give_v the_o pagan_a inhabitant_n true_a notion_n of_o religion_n and_o chastity_n this_o say_v eusebius_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o that_o infamous_a temple_n but_o see_v the_o malice_n and_o disingenuity_n of_o a_o zealous_a heathen_a zosimus_n affirm_v that_o a_o miraculous_a fire_n hover_v over_o the_o place_n in_o his_o time_n and_o damascius_n tell_v strange_a story_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n isidor_n vit._n isidor_n in_o his_o day_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o flame_n the_o baetuli_n that_o frequent_o appear_v about_o mount_n libanus_n that_o the_o worship_n at_o aphaca_n be_v in_o use_n before_o marcus_n antoninus_n reign_n the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n demonstrate_v sup_n zosim_fw-la ubi_fw-la sup_n the_o solemn_a meeting_n there_o be_v annual_a the_o practice_n most_o execrable_a lust_n and_o luxury_n make_v a_o great_a figure_n in_o all_o their_o pretend_a religious_a ceremony_n especial_o in_o that_o country_n lucian_n himself_o aver_v that_o at_o byblus_n ult_n de_fw-fr syr._n p._n 658._o &_o ult_n a_o very_a little_a way_n from_o nacle_n the_o woman_n who_o refuse_v to_o cut_v their_o hair_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o solemn_a mourn_v for_o the_o death_n of_o adonis_n be_v oblige_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n to_o prostitute_v themselves_o to_o all_o stranger_n and_o whatever_o they_o get_v be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o venus_n aphaca_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n say_v zosimus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o eusebius_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n there_o be_v many_o city_n of_o that_o denomination_n in_o syria_n hebr._n euseb_n de_fw-fr loc_fw-fr hebr._n one_o belong_v to_o the_o tribe_n of_o juda_n another_o to_o the_o tribe_n of_o asher_n a_o three_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o amorites_n a_o four_o a_o city_n of_o syria_n but_o other_o with_o great_a probability_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n be_v nacle_n and_o of_o the_o well_o aphaca_n so_o say_v suidas_n express_o 〈◊〉_d v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o authority_n of_o christodorus_n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o nacle_n or_o naclis_n a_o book_n which_o if_o extant_a will_v have_v much_o illustrate_v this_o part_n of_o our_o history_n that_o it_o stand_v near_o heliopolis_n and_o that_o the_o rite_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o print_a copy_n be_v there_o perform_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o lexicographer_n inform_v 〈◊〉_d etymol_n m._n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v a_o syriack_n word_n in_o the_o arabic_a it_n signify_v praeputium_fw-la or_o vinculum_fw-la and_o that_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o render_v such_o a_o word_n into_o greek_a it_o signify_v 〈◊〉_d signify_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hence_o probable_o in_o hesychius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d embrace_n venus_n in_o that_o place_n embrace_v her_o darling_n adonis_n and_o probable_o nacle_n have_v a_o like_a signification_n chap._n v._o a_o accounu_n of_o vaballathus_n have_v in_o the_o forego_n history_n aver_v that_o vaballathus_n be_v not_o the_o son_n of_o odenathus_n as_o the_o generality_n of_o writer_n have_v attest_v but_o the_o grandson_n of_o that_o heroic_a prince_n as_o mounseur_fw-fr tristan_n and_o f._n harduin_n have_v affirm_v i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v my_o reason_n for_o my_o opinion_n the_o roman_a and_o greek_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n be_v either_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o he_o as_o i_o think_v trebellius_n pollio_n zosimus_n and_o other_o be_v or_o mistake_v in_o his_o pedigree_n as_o vopiscus_n who_o be_v the_o only_a author_n who_o mention_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o odenathus_n have_v grandson_n before_o he_o assume_v the_o purple_a 88_o trans_fw-la p._n 88_o appear_v to_o i_o very_o plain_a from_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n where_o septimius_n odenathus_n the_o same_o i_o believe_v with_o the_o emperor_n of_o that_o name_n at_o that_o time_n a_o man_n of_o the_o illustrious_a senatorian_a order_n and_o dignity_n build_v a_o monument_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o nephew_n or_o grandson_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o those_o nephew_n can_v not_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o herennianus_n and_o timolaus_n the_o son_n of_o zenobia_n be_v to_o i_o undoubted_a because_o at_o their_o father_n death_n they_o be_v very_o young_a say_v the_o roman_a historian_n zenobia_n 180._o trebel_n pol._n p._n 180._o quòd_fw-la parvuli_fw-la essent_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la supererant_fw-la herennianus_n &_o timolaus_n ipsa_fw-la suscepit_fw-la imperium_fw-la and_o therefore_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o son_n of_o herodes_n or_o herodianus_n who_o odenathus_n beget_v on_o a_o former_a wife_n and_o for_o these_o reason_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o inscription_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o deduce_v the_o line_n of_o that_o family_n after_o the_o follow_a manner_n nasorus_n vaballathus_n airanes_n septimius_n odenathus_n n._n his_o first_o wife_n athenaeus_n herodes_n septimius_n airanes_n hermias_n vaballathus_n septimia_n zenobia_n his_o second_o wife_n herennia●●●_n timolaus_n daughter_n marry_v at_o rome_n to_o person_n of_o the_o senatorian_a dignity_n their_o child_n at_o rome_n a._n c._n 400._o i_o have_v be_v encourage_v to_o believe_v that_o odenathus_n in_o the_o inscription_n be_v the_o same_o person_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o that_o name_n from_o his_o prae-nomen_a septimius_n which_o can_v just_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o east_n before_o the_o first_o emperor_n of_o that_o name_n make_v his_o inroad_n into_o persia_n now_o septimius_n severus_n die_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 211_o before_o which_o time_n odenathus_n may_v well_o presume_a to_o have_v be_v bear_v be_v murder_v ann._n chr._n 26⅞_n and_o i_o have_v give_v he_o a_o second_o son_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o inscription_n where_o septimius_n airanes_n 99_o pag._n 99_o a_o man_n of_o the_o consular_a dignity_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o odenathus_n the_o date_n of_o the_o ininscription_n confirm_v it_o viz._n a.c._n 253._o i_o have_v also_o adventure_v upon_o adjust_v the_o pedigree_n of_o his_o ancestor_n from_o the_o same_o inscription_n 88_o pag._n 88_o where_o septimius_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o airanes_n the_o grandson_n of_o vaballathus_n the_o great-grandson_n of_o nasorus_n according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o arab_n who_o usual_o reckon_v their_o descent_n after_o that_o manner_n for_o i_o can_v think_v airanes_n to_o be_v the_o prae-nomen_a of_o vaballathus_n since_o all_o their_o forename_n be_v either_o roman_a or_o greek_a to_z neither_o of_o which_o language_n airanes_n belong_v i_o have_v also_o subscribe_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o tristan_n and_o harduin_n that_o vaballathus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o herodes_n not_o only_o because_o herodes_n be_v in_o the_o coin_n represent_v with_o a_o beard_n which_o imply_v some_o year_n beyond_o youth_n while_o vaballathus_n have_v a_o very_a young_a face_n but_o because_o the_o coin_n declare_v he_o to_o have_v continue_a emperor_n after_o zenobia_n be_v conquer_v and_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o think_v that_o his_o mother-in-law_n hold_v the_o empire_n in_o his_o name_n that_o i_o believe_v she_o prosecute_v he_o as_o she_o do_v his_o father_n that_o she_o may_v enthrone_v she_o own_o child_n the_o subject_a it_o must_v be_v confess_v be_v much_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o for_o want_v of_o direction_n from_o the_o ancient_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v mistake_v but_o the_o lucky_a

euphrates_n between_o samosata_n and_o edessa_n near_o the_o midway_n and_o a_o episcopal_a see_n against_o this_o opinion_n that_o vaballathus_n be_v the_o grandson_n of_o odenathus_n the_o learned_a spanheim_n muster_v all_o his_o force_n etc._n dissert_n 7._o de_fw-la vsu_fw-la &_o pr._n numism_n p._n 597_o etc._n etc._n and_o blame_v mounseur_fw-fr tristan_n for_o indulge_v too_o much_o to_o his_o own_o wit_n and_o conjecture_n while_o vopiscus_n say_v express_o that_o vaballathus_n be_v zenobia_n son_n if._n casaubon_n notion_n that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o fictitious_a name_n through_o mistake_n of_o the_o greek_n who_o understand_v not_o the_o syrian_a language_n need_v no_o further_a confutation_n for_o which_o opinion_n also_o salmasius_n contend_v earnest_o the_o credit_n of_o vopiscus_n support_v it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_a 380._o not._n in_o vopisc_n p._n 380._o that_o vopiscus_n be_v deceive_v in_o that_o paragraph_n when_o he_o say_v that_o zenobia_n do_v not_o hold_v the_o empire_n in_o the_o name_n of_o herennianus_n and_o timolaus_n but_o of_o her_o son_n vaballathus_n express_o against_o the_o assertion_n of_o trebellius_n pollio_n 198._o 30_o tyr._n p._n 198._o who_o affirm_v the_o contrary_a and_o of_o 216._o of_o p._n 216._o vopiscus_n himself_o in_o another_o place_n that_o zenobia_n hold_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n nomine_fw-la filiorum_fw-la in_o the_o name_n of_o her_o son_n and_o that_o the_o coin_n be_v a_o unquestionable_a confirmation_n of_o this_o truth_n spanheim_n himself_o confess_v in_o which_o the_o second_o and_o three_o year_n of_o their_o empire_n be_v record_v and_o therefore_o if_o any_o manuscript_n will_v give_v countenance_n to_o the_o addition_n i_o shall_v think_v with_o tristan_n that_o the_o word_n herodis_n be_v leave_v out_o and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v vaballathi_o herodis_n filii_fw-la or_o probable_o vopiscus_n may_v mistake_v his_o author_n for_o 209._o for_o p._n 209._o he_o confess_v that_o he_o take_v all_o his_o notice_n out_o of_o the_o greek_a writer_n and_o through_o haste_n read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o translate_v filii_fw-la for_o nepotis_fw-la but_o the_o place_v the_o head_n of_o vaballathus_n on_o the_o reverse_n of_o aurelian_n coin_n be_v to_o i_o a_o unquestionable_a evidence_n that_o he_o be_v not_o zenobia_n son_n for_o i_o believe_v there_o can_v be_v one_o instance_n produce_v of_o any_o emperor_n who_o give_v such_o a_o allowance_n but_o to_o a_o friend_n and_o confederate_a whereas_o zenobia_n and_o her_o son_n be_v always_o in_o profess_a enmity_n and_o open_a war_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o roman_n with_o they_o who_o be_v very_o eager_a all_o through_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n to_o have_v that_o haughty_a queen_n subdue_v and_o the_o empire_n wrest_v out_o of_o her_o hand_n nor_o will_v the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n agree_v with_o this_o opinion_n if_o vaballathus_n be_v carry_v a_o prisoner_n to_o rome_n with_o zenobia_n and_o zenobia_n do_v not_o reign_v above_o five_o or_o six_o year_n for_o those_o in_o goltzius_n mention_v the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n one_o of_o which_o be_v stamp_v at_o troas_n imply_v that_o that_o city_n declare_v for_o his_o interest_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n the_o year_n in_o which_o aurelian_a go_v to_o the_o east_n and_o the_o figure_n of_o hope_n on_o the_o reverse_n of_o one_o of_o his_o latin_a coin_n 143._o mauroceni_fw-la thes_n c._n 13._o p._n 143._o imply_v his_o expectation_n to_o be_v restore_v by_o that_o puissant_a prince_n who_o have_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v out_o of_o his_o right_n by_o his_o mother-in-law_n but_o spanheim_n enforce_v his_o opinion_n with_o a_o second_o argument_n that_o herod_n name_n do_v not_o appear_v in_o any_o of_o the_o coin_n of_o vaballathus_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o proof_n that_o herod_n be_v ever_o call_v athenas_n or_o athenaeus_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v in_o general_a that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n and_o country_n to_o have_v two_o name_n the_o one_o latin_n or_o greek_a the_o other_z syriack_n as_o septimius_n odenathus_n hermias_n vaballathus_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o herod_n be_v call_v athenaeus_n athenas_n athenaeus_n athenodorus_n from_o athene_n i._n e._n minerva_n as_o hermias_n from_o hermes_n or_o mercury_n i_o once_o think_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o transpose_n the_o letter_n do_v by_o the_o greek_a monetarii_fw-la ignorant_a of_o syriack_n be_v put_v for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o which_o name_n malela_n the_o syrian_a writer_n always_o call_v odenathus_n but_o from_o one_o of_o the_o coin_n in_o goltzius_n 73._o thesaur_n p._n 73._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o be_o enclinable_a to_o read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d herodes_n and_o orodes_n be_v the_o same_o name_n and_o always_o so_o write_v in_o the_o inscription_n but_o of_o this_o conjecture_n i_o must_v leave_v those_o person_n to_o be_v judge_n who_o have_v see_v those_o rare_a coin_n while_o i_o profess_v i_o be_v never_o so_o happy_a chap._n vi_o a_o account_n of_o longinus_n have_v account_v as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v for_o vaballathus_n i_o shall_v easy_o be_v pardon_v by_o all_o the_o lover_n of_o learning_n if_o out_o of_o a_o due_a reverence_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o longinus_n i_o endeavour_v to_o adjust_a the_o particular_n of_o the_o life_n of_o that_o admirable_a man._n who_o his_o father_n be_v we_o know_v not_o it_o have_v be_v the_o fate_n of_o many_o other_o excellent_a person_n that_o the_o world_n have_v be_v leave_v ignorant_a of_o their_o parent_n or_o the_o place_n of_o their_o nativity_n but_o his_o mother_n name_n be_v frontonis_n 〈◊〉_d suid._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o sister_n of_o the_o famous_a fronto_n nephew_n probable_o to_o the_o great_a plutarch_n by_o birth_n of_o the_o city_n of_o emesa_n by_o profession_n a_o orator_n who_o have_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n severus_n fix_v his_o residence_n at_o athens_n become_v a_o competitor_n for_o glory_n in_o his_o public_a exercise_n with_o philostratus_n the_o elder_a and_o apsines_n of_o gadara_n and_o die_v at_o athens_n leave_v his_o nephew_n longinus_n the_o critic_n his_o heir_n whether_o longinus_n be_v bear_v at_o palmyra_n as_o the_o editor_n of_o his_o book_n of_o the_o sublime_a conjecture_n i_o know_v not_o though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a that_o his_o mother_n who_o be_v of_o emesa_n may_v marry_v at_o palmyra_n a_o city_n not_o far_o from_o it_o though_o tanaquil_n faber_n in_o his_o edition_n of_o that_o excellent_a treatise_n from_o that_o passage_n of_o vopiscus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aurelian_a 219._o pag._n 219._o that_o longinus_n dictate_v the_o haughty_a epistle_n of_o zenobia_n to_o the_o emperor_n aurelian_a though_o it_o be_v write_v in_o syriack_n will_v conclude_v that_o longinus_n be_v not_o bear_v in_o syria_n and_o that_o those_o who_o determine_v that_o that_o country_n be_v the_o place_n of_o his_o nativity_n be_v confute_v by_o vopiscus_n he_o be_v usual_o call_v dionysius_n longinus_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n or_o from_o what_o manuscript_n i_o know_v not_o suidas_n express_o call_v he_o cassius_n though_o i_o rather_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v casimus_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o old_a milan_n edition_n of_o that_o lexicographer_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o compile_v his_o work_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d casimus_n abul_n casimus_n and_o al-casem_a be_v arabic_a name_n that_o common_o occur_v in_o the_o saracenick_n history_n in_o his_o young_a day_n he_o travel_v into_o many_o country_n to_o improve_v his_o study_n plot._n ep._n longini_n apud_fw-la porph._n vit._n plot._n his_o parent_n give_v themselves_o the_o satiffaction_n to_o travel_v with_o he_o and_o to_o observe_v his_o proficiency_n where_o he_o contract_v a_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n of_o all_o nation_n who_o be_v the_o ornament_n of_o that_o age_n with_o euclides_n democritus_n and_o proclinus_fw-la of_o troas_n the_o platonist_n with_o plotinus_n and_o gentilianus_n amelius_n of_o the_o same_o sect_n at_o rome_n with_o ammonius_n and_o origen_n under_o who_o tuition_n he_o be_v a_o long_a time_n probable_o at_o alexandria_n where_o also_o he_o acquire_v the_o acquaintance_n of_o heliodorus_n the_o peripatetic_a with_o theodotus_n and_o eubulus_n who_o keep_v up_o the_o platonic_a succession_n at_o athens_n with_o themistocles_n and_o phebion_n the_o stoic_n with_o annius_n and_o medius_n with_o herminus_n and_o lysimachus_n with_o athenaeus_n and_o musonius_n of_o the_o same_o school_n at_o athens_n as_o also_o with_o ptolemy_n and_o another_o ammonius_n the_o peripatetic_n have_v thus_o gratify_v his_o curiosity_n in_o his_o travel_n and_o furnish_v his_o mind_n with_o they_o useful_a

syrian_a graver_n may_v spell_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o custom_n of_o bestow_v oil_n upon_o the_o citizen_n on_o solemn_a festival_n be_v well_o understand_v cestrania_n severina_n give_v a_o great_a sum_n to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o dendrophori_n 312.4_o grut._n 312.4_o that_o every_o year_n upon_o her_o birthday_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o oil_n may_v be_v distribute_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o t._n fundilius_n geminus_n give_v 414.2_o id._n 414.2_o beside_o his_o bequest_n to_o the_o chest_n of_o the_o augustale_n and_o the_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o people_n a_o feast_n 136.5_o id._n 136.5_o and_o a_o largess_n of_o oil_n on_o his_o birthday_n and_o l._n caecilius_n bequeath_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o como_n every_o year_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o neptune_n oil_n for_o their_o gymnasia_fw-la and_o their_o bath_n and_o for_o the_o exercise_n in_o the_o public_a place_n of_o sport_n as_o i_o will_v rendert_fw-ge he_o word_n in_o campo_fw-it i_o have_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o many_o other_o eastern_a city_n be_v style_v in_o the_o coin_n though_o monsieur_n patin_n etc._n p._n 130._o etc._n etc._n in_o his_o edition_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o maurocenus_n retain_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o those_o of_o the_o city_n of_o emsea_n carrae_n and_o antioch_n city_n of_o the_o east_n not_o far_o from_o palmyra_n in_o all_o which_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o word_n shall_v be_v render_v metropolis_n colonia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d never_o appear_v in_o any_o lexicon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v render_v by_o the_o critic_n conjunctio_fw-la in_o via_fw-la or_o iter_fw-la commune_v and_o septimius_n be_v magnify_v in_o the_o inscription_n for_o his_o defray_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o caravan_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o merchant_n in_o a_o public_a meeting_n give_v he_o their_o testimonial_a according_a to_o custom_n 309.1_o grut._n 309.1_o so_o metrodorus_n the_o son_n of_o hermogenes_n the_o grandson_n of_o metrodorus_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o testimonial_a from_o the_o whole_a synod_n or_o college_n of_o priest_n of_o ceres_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o office_n of_o stephanephorus_n or_o the_o precedent_n of_o their_o country_n in_o holy_a thing_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reward_v with_o the_o thanks_o of_o their_o public_a assembly_n 12._o inscript_n cossou_n n._n 12._o the_o merit_n of_o septimius_n be_v as_o illustrious_a as_o his_o country_n love_n towards_o he_o he_o have_v oblige_v their_o private_a society_n and_o be_v very_o magnificent_a to_o the_o whole_a city_n he_o have_v be_v a_o officer_n and_o behave_v himself_o with_o courage_n and_o reputation_n under_o his_o prince_n odaenathus_fw-la probable_o when_o he_o rout_v the_o persian_n and_o be_v that_o year_n when_o the_o monument_n be_v erect_v the_o symposiarch_n in_o the_o festival_n dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n belus_n their_o patron_n deity_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 266._o after_o christ_n and_o of_o the_o empire_n of_o odaenathus_fw-la the_o ●_o ●_o 9_o i_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o monument_n erect_v by_o private_a person_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o friend_n the_o first_o of_o which_o contain_v the_o grateful_a remembrance_n which_o the_o palmyrene_n merchant_n trade_v to_o vologesias_n retain_v of_o the_o great_a service_n which_o julius_n aurelius_n zebeidas_n do_v they_o in_o that_o expedition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o which_o with_o leave_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a space_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o mistake_v may_v thus_o be_v read_v and_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o julium_n aurelium_n zebeidam_n mocimi_fw-la f._n zebeidae_n n._n perpetuum_fw-la commercii_fw-la curatorem_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la illo_fw-la descenderunt_fw-la ad_fw-la emporium_fw-la vologessiam_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la virum_fw-la iis_fw-la gratissimum_fw-la cultûs_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la mensae_fw-la martio_n anno_fw-la 558._o h._n e._n christi_fw-la 246._o philippi_n arabis_n imp._n 2o._o that_o palmyra_n be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n eminent_a merchant_n have_v be_v already_o prove_v from_o appian_n and_o pliny_n as_o also_o that_o their_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v both_o with_o persia_n and_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o also_o be_v do_v by_o other_o frontier_n city_n though_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_a prince_n as_o by_o nisibis_n and_o edessa_n of_o who_o the_o old_a geographer_n say_v that_o they_o be_v people_v with_o man_n of_o condition_n excellent_o skilled_a in_o all_o the_o method_n of_o trade_n 10_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d §._o 16._o p._n 10_o great_a navigator_n very_o rich_a and_o master_n of_o all_o worldly_a plenty_n that_o what_o they_o buy_v of_o the_o persian_n they_o sell_v to_o the_o roman_n deal_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n but_o contraband_n good_n brass_n and_o iron_n which_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o sell_v to_o the_o enemy_n of_o persia_n which_o character_n seem_v exact_o suit_v to_o the_o palmyrene_n merchant_n for_o that_o they_o trade_v to_o vologesias_n a_o city_n under_o the_o persian_a jurisdiction_n be_v plain_a from_o the_o inscription_n in_o which_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v neither_o the_o town_n of_o olgassus_n nor_o the_o name_n of_o a_o man_n but_o of_o a_o famous_a city_n on_o the_o euphrates_n not_o far_o from_o its_o confluence_n with_o the_o tigris_n babylon_n say_v 71⅔_n say_v nat._n hist_o l._n 6._o §._o 30._o p._n 71⅔_n pliny_n be_v once_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n and_o the_o great_a mart_n of_o trade_n but_o it_o fall_v into_o decay_n when_o seleucus_n nicator_n build_v seleucia_n where_o the_o two_o river_n meet_v situate_v in_o a_o most_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o common_o call_v babylon_n to_o eclipse_v the_o glory_n and_o lower_v the_o trade_n of_o seleucia_n the_o parthian_n after_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o east_n build_v ctesiphon_n three_o mile_n from_o seleucia_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o tigris_n and_o there_o sixth_o the_o residence_n of_o their_o king_n but_o this_o project_n not_o answer_v expectation_n king_n vologeses_n who_o in_o a_o coin_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o seven_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o all_o his_o lofty_a title_n according_a to_o the_o rhodomontade_fw-la of_o the_o parthian_a and_o persian_a king_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o which_o epithet_n in_o another_o coin_n in_o monsieur_n patin_n be_v add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v contemporary_a with_o nero_n and_o vespasian_n build_v another_o city_n which_o from_o his_o own_o name_n he_o call_v vologesocerta_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n 18_o mile_n distant_a say_v the_o peutinger_n table_n but_o to_o the_o south_n of_o babylon_n and_o there_o probable_o fix_v the_o staple_n of_o trade_n from_o the_o persian_a gulf_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n this_o city_n be_v call_v by_o stephanus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o ptolomee_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d volocessia_n in_o the_o peutinger_n table_n and_o vologessia_n by_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n but_o by_o pliny_n according_a to_o the_o persic_a termination_n vologesocerta_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v hesychius_n to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a passage_n in_o pliny_n 66¾_n n._n h._n l._n 6._o §._o 10._o p._n 66¾_n that_o among_o the_o city_n of_o armenia_n the_o less_o armosate_n be_v situate_a near_o the_o euphrates_n carcathiocerta_n near_o the_o tigris_n which_o 527._o which_o lib._n 11._o p._n 527._o strabo_n affirm_v be_v the_o royal_a city_n of_o sophene_n but_o on_o the_o mountain_n tigranocerta_n stand_v and_o for_o artasigarta_n which_o ptolemee_n 13._o ptolemee_n l._n 5._o c._n 13._o place_n in_o armenia_n the_o great_a i_o will_v read_v artaxicerta_n zadracarta_n be_v also_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hyrcania_n say_v 71._o say_v lib._n 3._o the_o exp_v alex._n p._n 71._o arrian_n and_o i_o can_v but_o remark_n that_o this_o word_n either_o in_o termination_n or_o prefix_v in_o almost_o all_o language_n signify_v a_o city_n in_o hebrew_a kiriath-arba_n be_v the_o city_n of_o arba_n kiriath-seph_a be_v the_o city_n of_o book_n in_o the_o punic_a carthage_n be_v the_o new_a city_n in_o the_o scythian_a carpaluk_n the_o city_n of_o fish_n say_v tzetzes_n 224._o chil._n 8._o c._n 224._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o our_o own_o british_a cair-lundein_a london_n cair-kent_n canterbury_n cair-went_a winchester_n etc._n etc._n and_o probable_o among_o the_o egyptian_n gran-cair_a have_v its_o name_n from_o this_o original_a or_o all_o cahira_n as_o the_o arabian_n call_v it_o to_o this_o city_n vologesia_n the_o merchant_n of_o palmyra_n trade_v not_o long_o after_o it_o be_v make_v a_o mart_n

occur_v the_o time_n when_o the_o marble_n be_v erect_v have_v be_v already_o adjust_v 149_o p._n 148_o 149_o for_o then_o dioclesian_n build_v several_a castle_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n or_o rather_o than_o he_o build_v the_o castr_n caircesia_n for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o frontier_n castle_n before_o that_o time_n gordian_a when_o slay_v by_o philip_n have_v be_v bury_v there_o 5._o l._n 23._o c._n 5._o as_o capitolinus_n aver_v though_o am._n marcellinus_n who_o have_v be_v at_o the_o place_n say_v his_o tomb_n be_v not_o at_o circesium_n but_o at_o zaitha_n seven_o mile_n from_o it_o zosimus_n say_v it_o be_v at_o dura_n eutropius_n and_o rufus_n twenty_o mile_n from_o circesium_n yet_o it_o be_v so_o poor_a and_o weak_a a_o place_n say_v ammianus_n till_o dioclesian_n fortify_v it_o with_o strong_a wall_n and_o tower_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o may_v be_v with_o justice_n say_v to_o have_v build_v the_o castle_n as_o those_o who_o have_v beautify_v decay_v city_n be_v common_o style_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o founder_n of_o those_o place_n 20._o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o briadeen_n the_o follow_a inscription_n be_v find_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v inscribe_v on_o a_o altar_n or_o some_o pillar_n of_o a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o minerva_n lindia_n for_o so_o i_o will_v correct_v and_o read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d consecratum_fw-la fuit_fw-la minerva_fw-la lindiae_fw-la à_fw-la materno_fw-la &_o pappo_fw-la &_o marco_n in_o honorem_fw-la deae_fw-la anno_fw-la 541._o h._n e._n 229._o christi_fw-la alexandri_fw-la severi_n 8._o that_o alexander_n severus_n be_v the_o darling_n of_o the_o east_n no_o man_n will_v doubt_v who_o consider_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_o bear_v in_o syria_n but_o have_v make_v a_o victorious_a expedition_n into_o persia_n to_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o that_o for_o his_o illustrious_a quality_n he_o be_v deify_v in_o libanesia_n and_o palmyrene_n as_o well_o as_o at_o rome_n in_o his_o reign_n be_v the_o inscription_n set_v up_o at_o briadeen_n possible_o to_o fulfil_v a_o vow_n for_o his_o preservation_n in_o honour_n of_o minerva_n lindia_n lindus_n be_v rhodes_n say_v suidas_n 〈◊〉_d suidas_n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o name_n both_o of_o the_o island_n and_o city_n where_o minerva_n be_v worship_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a devotion_n the_o inhabitant_n sacrifice_v to_o her_o every_o day_n and_o every_o day_n make_v a_o feast_n in_o her_o temple_n 47._o narrat_fw-la 47._o conon_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o phaenician_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o rhodes_n be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o carian_o and_o that_o the_o dorian_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o althaemenes_n dispose_v the_o carian_o and_o build_v three_o city_n in_o the_o island_n lindus_n jalysus_n and_o camirus_n which_o at_o last_o become_v one_o great_a city_n call_v rhodes_n after_o the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n and_o 1._o and_o l._n 2._o c._n 1._o apollodorus_n affirm_v that_o danaus_n have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o daughter_n murder_v the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n aegyptus_n be_v his_o own_o son_n in_o law_n build_v a_o ship_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o minerva_n in_o which_o himself_o and_o daughter_n flee_v out_o of_o egypt_n to_o rhodes_n where_o he_o dedicate_v the_o image_n of_o minerva_n lindia_n minerva_n say_v 277._o say_v fab._n 277._o hyginus_n build_v the_o ship_n for_o danaus_n the_o first_o of_o the_o kind_n that_o ever_o be_v see_v in_o greece_n say_v 7.46_o say_v 7.46_o pliny_n this_o voyage_n of_o danaus_n commence_v when_o erichthon_n be_v king_n at_o athens_n say_v the_o noble_a collection_n of_o epocha_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o n._n 9_o oxford-marble_n that_o his_o daughter_n amymone_n helice_n and_o archedice_n be_v choose_v by_o lot_n by_o the_o other_o sister_n build_v the_o temple_n upon_o the_o shoar_n in_o the_o maritime_a city_n of_o rhodes_n call_v lindus_n which_o say_v 655._o say_v l._n 14._o p._n 655._o strabo_n be_v situate_a towards_o the_o south_n especial_o towards_o alexandria_n for_o in_o that_o city_n as_o 227._o as_o l._n 5._o p._n 227._o diodorus_n siculus_n affirm_v he_o be_v hospitable_o receive_v and_o therefore_o build_v the_o temple_n and_o consecrate_v the_o statue_n there_o he_o lose_v three_o of_o his_o daughter_n who_o die_v of_o the_o pestilence_n which_o then_o rage_v at_o lindus_n the_o rest_n sail_v with_o their_o father_n to_o argos_n the_o same_o historian_n add_v that_o cadmus_n not_o long_o after_o offer_v several_a gift_n in_o that_o temple_n among_o which_o be_v a_o brass_n vessel_n make_v a_o l'antique_a with_o a_o inscription_n in_o phaenician_a character_n but_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o noble_a marble_n cadmus_n sail_v to_o thebes_n eight_o year_n before_o danaus_n leave_v egypt_n so_o that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o story_n be_v a_o parachronism_n in_o diodorus_n a_o long_a time_n after_o danaus_n death_n amasis_n the_o king_n of_o egypt_n present_v the_o same_o minerva_n of_o lindus_n with_o two_o statue_n of_o stone_n 102._o herod_n l._n 2._o c._n 102._o and_o with_o a_o linen_n breastplate_n of_o admirable_a work_n thoraces_fw-la linei_fw-la be_v very_o usual_a among_o the_o ancient_a captain_n as_o 11._o as_o part._n 2._o l._n 4._o c._n 11._o ferrarius_fw-la unquestionable_o prove_v and_o minerva_n be_v a_o warlike_a goddess_n it_o be_v somewhat_o like_o our_o silkarmor_n because_o his_o country-woman_n build_v that_o temple_n which_o strabo_n say_v be_v in_o his_o time_n very_o illustrious_a and_o much_o frequent_v nor_o be_v she_o honour_v only_o in_o that_o country_n but_o in_o syria_n if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o inscription_n in_o which_o i_o have_v put_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o perhaps_o it_o shall_v be_v malchus_n hesyc_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 98.7_o 98.7_o in_o gruter_n 21._o at_o andreen_n which_o lie_v between_o briadeen_n and_o aleppo_n among_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a church_n be_v find_v some_o break_a inscription_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o former_a age_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ...._o ego_fw-la johannes_n precatus_fw-la deum_fw-la assecutus_fw-la sum_fw-la quod_fw-la petii_fw-la &_o gratias_fw-la agens_fw-la deo_fw-la votum_fw-la solvi_fw-la ut_fw-la peccatis_fw-la meis_fw-la sit_fw-la propitius_fw-la over_o the_o southern_a door_n be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d porta_n haec_fw-la domini_fw-la justificat_fw-la intrantes_fw-la per_fw-la illam_fw-la over_o the_o western_a door_n which_o i_o will_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d christo_fw-la deo_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la these_o inscription_n do_v not_o need_v a_o commentary_n since_o nothing_o difficult_a occur_v in_o they_o but_o they_o can_v but_o raise_v a_o deep_a commiseration_n in_o all_o christian_n to_o see_v so_o many_o venerable_a remain_n of_o the_o ancient_a piety_n either_o convert_v into_o mosque_n or_o bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n no_o church_n have_v in_o past_a time_n be_v more_o illustrious_a for_o religion_n and_o good_a letter_n than_o the_o oriental_a in_o which_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v but_o some_o few_o footstep_n of_o either_o the_o rest_n be_v overrun_v with_o barbarism_n and_o infidelity_n the_o next_o break_a inscription_n be_v also_o undoubted_o christian_n as_o those_o wherein_n θ_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d appear_v and_o i_o suppose_v contain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o eminent_a angel_n vriel_n raphael_n gabriel_n michael_n and_o perhaps_o the_o former_a inscription_n may_v be_v thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o a_o similar_v epigraphe_n in_o gruter_n 1048.2_o 1048.2_o for_o it_o be_v not_o unusual_a to_o affix_v the_o name_n of_o those_o holy_a angel_n upon_o the_o christian_a tomb_n out_o of_o opinion_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o be_v guardian_n of_o the_o sepulchre_n as_o the_o modern_a pretender_n to_o converse_v with_o spirit_n inscribe_v their_o name_n usual_o on_o their_o utensil_n so_o in_o the_o tomb_n of_o mary_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n on_o a_o plate_n be_v write_v these_o name_n michael_n gabriel_n raphael_n vriel_n 287.4_o id._n 287.4_o i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o monument_n of_o this_o once_o famous_a country_n and_o because_o there_o be_v in_o every_o man_n a_o innate_a desire_n of_o live_v after_o he_o have_v leave_v this_o world_n though_o all_o man_n do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v another_o and_o that_o they_o desire_v when_o they_o be_v dead_a to_o be_v remember_v and_o well_o speak_v of_o that_o their_o action_n may_v not_o be_v confine_v to_o the_o same_o grave_a with_o their_o carcase_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o