frizeland_n holland_z have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o zuyder-sea_n utrecht_n and_o some_o part_n of_o guelderland_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n the_o german-ocean_n on_o the_o south_n the_o isle_n of_o zealand_n and_o some_o part_n of_o brabant_n zealand_n consist_v of_o seven_o island_n viz._n walcheren_n south_n beverlant_a north_n beverlant_a wolfers-dike_n schowen_v duvelant_n and_o tertoleâ—_n it_o be_v divorce_v from_o flanders_n by_o the_o left_a branch_n or_o arm_n of_o the_o scheld_v on_o the_o east_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o brabant_n by_o the_o right_a branch_n of_o the_o say_a river_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o holland_n by_o the_o gulf_n call_v the_o flack_n and_o on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v rend_v from_o england_n by_o the_o ocean_n westfrizeland_a have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o land_n of_o groin_v and_o a_o part_n of_o westphalia_n on_o the_o south_n over-issell_a and_o the_o zuyder-sea_n on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n the_o main_a ocean_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o three_o province_n be_v the_o batavi_n and_o carinefates_n inhabit_v that_o track_n of_o â—arth_n contract_v almost_o into_o the_o circumambient_a embrace_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o wael_n and_o which_o now_o circumscribe_v within_o its_o precinct_n and_o verge_n holland_n utrecht_n use_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o frisii_n who_o be_v entitle_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o westfrizeland_a and_o the_o mattiaci_n who_o be_v plant_v in_o zealand_n but_o when_o the_o ravage_n and_o piracy_n of_o the_o norman_n have_v by_o many_o bloody_a onset_n and_o impression_n act_v such_o a_o devastation_n here_o that_o these_o province_n be_v almost_o dispeople_v charles_n the_o bald_a to_o thierry_n son_n of_o sigebert_n a_o prince_n of_o aquitane_n and_o the_o more_o to_o manage_v and_o improve_v his_o increase_a hope_n and_o enable_v he_o to_o protect_v these_o depopulate_v country_n he_o engraft_v on_o he_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n with_o this_o restriction_n annex_v to_o the_o donation_n that_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n shall_v own_v and_o confess_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v until_o it_o be_v by_o arnulph_n the_o four_o earl_n interrupt_v and_o discontinue_v who_o render_v himself_o homager_n to_o the_o empire_n and_o from_o this_o thierre_n a_o undisturbed_a channel_n of_o descent_n transport_v it_o down_o to_o john_n the_o son_n of_o florence_n the_o five_o who_o determine_v without_o issue_n john_n of_o avesne_n earl_n of_o hainault_n in_o right_a of_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o father_n john_n of_o avesne_n earl_n of_o hainault_n and_o his_o mother_n aleide_a sister_n and_o heir_n of_o william_n the_o second_o earl_n of_o holland_n enter_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o these_o province_n as_o their_o heir_n general_n and_o from_o he_o it_o be_v waft_v down_o to_o his_o grandchild_n william_n the_o four_o of_o that_o name_n earl_n of_o holland_n and_o the_o second_o of_o hainault_n who_o be_v slay_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o frison_n and_o leave_v no_o issue_n margaret_n his_o sister_n and_o heir_n bring_v it_o to_o be_v possess_v by_o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n emperor_n of_o germany_n after_o who_o decease_n she_o be_v force_v to_o relinquish_v holland_n to_o her_o second_o son_n william_n and_o hainault_n to_o her_o three_o son_n albert_n but_o earl_n william_n the_o fifth_z above_o mentinoe_v decease_a without_o issue_n albert_n his_o brother_n become_v entitle_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holland_n and_o hainault_n and_o have_v issue_n william_n the_o six_o who_o by_o a_o right_o transmit_v to_o he_o from_o his_o father_n wear_v the_o coronet_n of_o holland_n and_o in_o he_o this_o family_n be_v entomb_v for_o he_o decease_a without_o issue_n male_a jaqueline_n his_o only_a daughter_n become_v his_o heir_n but_o it_o seem_v she_o be_v condemn_v by_o nature_n to_o a_o inexpugnable_a barrenness_n for_o though_o she_o have_v three_o husband_n namely_o john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o brabant_n from_o who_o she_o be_v separae_v by_o divorce_n under_o pretext_n of_o consanguinity_n humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr borselles_fw-fr a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o private_a orb_n yet_o the_o annal_n of_o holland_n do_v assert_v that_o she_o have_v child_n by_o neither_o so_o that_o want_v posterity_n to_o enforce_v and_o propagate_v her_o memory_n to_o succeed_a time_n she_o convey_v her_o concernment_n in_o holland_n and_o hainault_n to_o philip_n the_o good_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n son_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o of_o margaret_n his_o wife_n sister_n to_o earl_n william_n the_o six_o and_o daughter_n of_o albert_n abovementioned_a from_o who_o by_o the_o traverse_n and_o step_n of_o several_a descent_n the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n have_v by_o the_o match_n of_o joan_n the_o heir_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o isabel_n faâ—â—ned_v and_o knit_v the_o house_n of_o castille_n unto_o itself_o the_o propriety_n and_o title_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o frizeland_n devolve_v to_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n 〈…〉_z viceroy_n for_o the_o â—_o province_n the_o duke_n 〈…〉_z va_fw-fr have_v by_o his_o prodigious_a butchery_n and_o â—â—â—cutions_n incite_v the_o people_n to_o a_o total_a defection_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n they_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o against_o the_o bloody_a encroachment_n of_o the_o spamard_n chain_v their_o divide_a interest_n together_o in_o one_o common_a union_n and_o coâ—sâ—â—â—â—â—cy_n in_o which_o they_o continue_v link_v at_o this_o instant_n utrecht_n utrecht_n be_v chain_v in_o on_o the_o east_n with_o guelderland_n and_o on_o the_o west_n north_n and_o south_n with_o holland_n the_o city_n of_o utrecht_n be_v sometime_o the_o royal_a residence_n of_o radbold_n king_n of_o the_o frizon_n after_o the_o roman_n be_v dislodge_v who_o have_v long_o be_v plant_n â—here_o in_o those_o city_n and_o seat_n they_o by_o a_o unjust_a violence_n have_v tear_v from_o the_o bructeri_n salii_fw-la and_o batavi_n who_o wâ—re_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n but_o when_o dagobere_fw-la king_n of_o france_n have_v dissipate_v and_o break_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o frizon_n he_o erect_v this_o province_n into_o a_o bishopric_n and_o annex_v unto_o it_o a_o demeasn_a spread_a and_o opulent_a the_o better_a to_o soment_n the_o increase_n of_o christianity_n and_o improve_v the_o subsequent_a dignity_n of_o it_o the_o first_o bishop_n who_o hand_n sustain_v the_o crosier_n be_v willibald_a a_o englishman_n who_o establish_v christianity_n and_o dispel_v the_o mist_n of_o infidelity_n which_o have_v long_a over-shadowed_n these_o part_n and_o his_o successor_n multiply_v it_o to_o that_o grandeur_n and_o formidable_a power_n that_o they_o assert_v their_o patrimony_n and_o intete_a in_o this_o province_n about_o nine_o hundred_o yearâ—_n with_o much_o of_o reputation_n and_o courage_n against_o all_o the_o encroachment_n and_o unjust_a incursion_n of_o the_o invade_a earl_n of_o holland_n until_o it_o come_v to_o be_v possess_v by_o henry_n of_o bavaria_n bishop_n hereof_o who_o be_v distress_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o gelder_n and_o expuly_v out_o of_o utrecht_n by_o his_o own_o mutinous_a and_o tumultuous_a subject_n about_o the_o year_n 1527._o convey_v his_o estate_n here_o to_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o he_o procure_v a_o investiture_n in_o it_o from_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v a_o imperial_a fief_n and_o so_o not_o to_o be_v alienate_v or_o imbezelled_a without_o their_o licence_n not_o long_o after_o and_o from_o he_o do_v it_o devolve_v by_o succession_n to_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n philip_n the_o second_o who_o have_v lodge_v the_o government_n of_o the_o netherlands_o upon_o his_o vicegerent_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr toledo_n duke_n d'alva_n this_o duke_n by_o his_o massacre_n and_o assassination_n have_v fill_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o a_o universal_a regret_n and_o animosity_n this_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n by_o a_o public_a revolt_n renounce_v and_o disclaim_v all_o alleigeance_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n from_o the_o future_a onset_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n cement_v themselves_o in_o a_o confederate_a union_n with_o those_o of_o holland_n and_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n wound_v up_o in_o that_o first_o combination_n cambray_n the_o city_n of_o cambray_n with_o the_o territory_n annex_v be_v establish_v and_o erect_v into_o a_o bishopric_n in_o the_o person_n of_o st._n diogenes_n by_o birth_n a_o grecian_a in_o time_n of_o a_o more_o recent_a aspect_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1562._o it_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishopric_n by_o paul_n the_o four_o it_o be_v make_v a_o imperial_a fief_n by_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o be_v give_v in_o protection_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o to_z robert_z of_o jerusalem_n earl_n of_o flanders_n
of_o a_o castle_n but_o it_o be_v conjecture_v that_o granado_n not_o far_o distant_a owe_v part_n of_o its_o dimension_n and_o grandeur_n to_o its_o superannuated_a ruin_n eliocrota_n be_v situate_v betwixt_o carthagena_n and_o casâ—ona_n but_o be_v by_o the_o fury_n and_o frequent_a onset_n of_o the_o vandal_n render_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o heap_n that_o it_o be_v now_o entomb_v in_o its_o own_o rubbish_n elna_n be_v place_v in_o gallia-narbonensis_a and_o be_v now_o shrink_v into_o decay_n and_o oblivion_n emirita_n at_o this_o instant_n call_v merida_n be_v place_v in_o castille_n and_o have_v nothing_o singular_a to_o ennoble_v it_o but_o only_o some_o venerable_a ruin_n eminium_fw-la or_o euminium_fw-la be_v place_v in_o portugal_n betwixt_o coimbra_n and_o porto_n but_o it_o be_v now_o crumble_v away_o into_o such_o a_o narrow_a heap_n that_o it_o have_v at_o present_a find_v a_o forget_a sepulchre_n ergavica_n now_o a_o town_n in_o arragon_n call_v alcanez_n escadia_n be_v a_o city_n situate_v in_o lusitania_n reduce_v to_o ruin_n by_o the_o roman_a conquest_n f_o flaviobriga_n a_o city_n in_o biscay_n which_o moulder_v away_o by_o the_o injurious_a impression_n of_o time_n and_o the_o assault_n of_o enemy_n fall_v into_o decay_n and_o rubbish_n bilbao_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o that_o province_n be_v extract_v from_o its_o sepulchre_n flavium_n brigantium_n now_o pass_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o corvina_n in_o gallicia_n flavinavia_n be_v situate_v in_o asturia_n and_o have_v now_o achieve_v the_o name_n of_o st._n andero_n g_o gades_n a_o ancient_a town_n of_o spain_n in_o more_o modern_a orthography_n write_v cadez_n gerunda_n in_o catalonia_n be_v now_o marshal_v under_o the_o name_n of_o girona_n gerabrica_fw-la or_o jeraabrica_fw-la be_v place_v in_o portugal_n betwixt_o lisbon_n and_o st._n irene_n but_o be_v now_o by_o the_o rude_a hand_n of_o time_n crush_v into_o so_o disorder_v a_o mass_n that_o it_o be_v remove_v but_o a_o small_a preferment_n from_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o village_n gemella_n be_v a_o fortress_n in_o portugal_n what_o name_v it_o have_v since_o be_v habituate_v to_o be_v uncertain_a girniza_n a_o city_n of_o the_o vaccean_n demolish_v by_o titus_n didius_n h_o hispalis_n in_o andalusia_n be_v now_o list_a under_o the_o name_n of_o sevil_n and_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o that_o track_n i_o iacca_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o jaccetani_n in_o arragon_n and_o still_o preserve_v its_o name_n ilerda_n be_v situate_v in_o catalonia_n and_o be_v now_o style_v lerida_n ilice_fw-la in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o valentia_n respect_v the_o island_n pitieuse_n and_o adopt_v that_o eminent_a bay_n call_v sinus_n ilicitanus_fw-la into_o its_o own_o surname_n but_o where_o this_o town_n or_o the_o rag_n and_o skeleton_n of_o it_o have_v find_v their_o innterment_n no_o beam_n extract_v from_o public_a record_n can_v direct_v to_o a_o discovery_n ilipa_n be_v a_o city_n situate_v in_o the_o straight_a of_o boetica_fw-la it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v niebla_n in_o portugal_n illiturgis_n be_v situate_v in_o andalusia_n and_o be_v put_v into_o flame_n and_o ash_n by_o scipio_n julio_n briga_n a_o antiquate_a colony_n be_v now_o logrogno_fw-it in_o arragon_n illiberis_n be_v a_o city_n in_o roussillon_n divide_v by_o no_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n out_o of_o who_o rubbish_n coliure_v or_o colibre_fw-la a_o city_n now_o extant_a have_v its_o original_a institution_n civitas_n imotinensis_fw-la be_v by_o some_o conjecture_n now_o assert_v to_o be_v montanche_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o merida_n imopyreneus_fw-la or_o rhoda_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v rose_n and_o be_v a_o city_n of_o eminence_n in_o catalonia_n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o rhodian_n empuria_n urbs_fw-la impuritana_n or_o emporitana_n though_o languish_v into_o decay_n have_v from_o its_o skeleton_n afford_v a_o town_n call_v empuria_n now_o place_v in_o catalonia_n julia_n libica_n be_v now_o that_o city_n we_o style_v sardona_n or_o cardona_n a_o city_n existent_a in_o catalonia_n or_o as_o some_o conjecture_n linca_n jugastria_n or_o juncaria_n be_v situate_v in_o catalonia_n and_o be_v in_o more_o modern_a appellation_n style_v junquera_n intercatia_n be_v place_v among_o the_o astures_n but_o what_o denomination_n it_o have_v acquire_v now_o no_o record_n do_v exhibit_v iria_n flavia_n be_v at_o this_o instant_n style_v padron_n and_o have_v its_o situation_n near_o terrae_fw-la finis_fw-la in_o gallicia_n italica_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o andaluzia_n be_v now_o entomb_v in_o its_o own_o ruin_n and_o wild_a dispersion_n l_o lambria_n be_v no_o far_a distance_n divide_v from_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o river_n of_o limia_n in_o portugal_n but_o what_o name_n it_o have_v obtain_v now_o be_v incertain_a lacobrica_n there_o be_v two_o town_n which_o bear_v this_o denomination_n the_o one_o at_o cape_n st._n vincent_n the_o second_o near_o palenza_n it_o be_v now_o conjecture_v to_o be_v lagos_n lameca_n now_o pass_v under_o the_o denomination_n of_o lamega_n and_o be_v a_o note_a city_n in_o portugal_n luci_n tarum_fw-la be_v now_o style_v st._n lucar_n di_fw-it barameda_n in_o andalusia_n lancia_n be_v in_o elder_a time_n the_o metropolis_n of_o asturia_n though_o now_o whole_o devest_v both_o of_o bulk_n and_o beauty_n laurona_n be_v a_o ancient_a city_n make_v a_o heap_n of_o flame_n and_o ruin_n by_o sertorius_n even_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o pompey_n legio_n be_v at_o this_o instant_n style_v leon_n and_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o that_o province_n lucia_n or_o urbs_fw-la lucensis_n be_v a_o ancient_a colony_n now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lugo_n in_o gallicia_n m_o malaca_n at_o present_a call_v malaga_n one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n mentesa_n now_o monteio_n or_o else_o jaen_n in_o andalusia_n munda_n be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o vacceans_n eminent_a for_o the_o battle_n between_o the_o two_o pompey_n and_o caesar_n it_o be_v now_o obscure_a in_o its_o own_o ruin_n unless_o ronda_n be_v start_v from_o it_o n_o noviâ—m_n in_o gallicia_n be_v now_o fall_v under_o the_o name_n of_o noya_n numantia_n after_o a_o tough_a siege_n bury_v in_o its_o own_o ruin_n by_o scipio_n o_o oboliola_n be_v a_o city_n upon_o the_o verge_n of_o portugal_n which_o be_v demolish_v and_o destroy_v by_o quintus_n fabius_n maximus_n servilianus_n in_o his_o war_n commence_v against_o viriatus_n occi_fw-la or_o acci_n be_v now_o involve_v in_o guadix_fw-la situate_v in_o valentia_n ocilis_n or_o ocelona_n be_v a_o city_n near_o merida_n now_o so_o wrap_v up_o in_o its_o own_o disorder_a and_o confuse_a dispersion_n that_o it_o its_o difficult_a to_o trace_v out_o its_o rubbish_n even_o amid_o its_o ruin_n olisipo_n now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lisbon_n the_o metropolis_n of_o portugal_n orcelis_n who_o bishop_n be_v at_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n it_o be_v fix_v in_o valentia_n it_o be_v now_o denominate_v origuâ—la_n orâ—tana_n now_o style_v calatrava_n the_o seminary_n of_o knight_n of_o that_o order_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n osca_n that_o be_v huesea_n in_o arragon_n a_o bishopric_n and_o a_o university_n ossobona_n be_v in_o algarbe_n not_o far_o divide_v from_o faro_n which_o by_o the_o moor_n be_v name_v exuba_n oxovia_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n style_v by_o plyny_n uxania_n at_o this_o instant_n it_o be_v know_v by_o the_o appellation_n of_o osona_n and_o be_v honour_v by_o be_v the_o see_v of_o bishop_n oxthraca_n a_o city_n of_o eminent_a note_n in_o the_o ancient_a lusitania_n destroy_v by_o atilius_n or_o acilius_n balbus_n one_o of_o the_o roman_a commander_n p_o pax_n augusta_n a_o eminent_a roman_a colony_n in_o extremadura_n now_o still_v badaisos_fw-la and_o by_o the_o moor_n in_o elder_a time_n name_v baxangâ—_n palentia_n or_o palantia_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n continue_v list_v under_o that_o name_n and_o remain_v a_o bishopric_n at_o this_o day_n pampelona_n continue_v still_o espouse_v to_o its_o ancient_a name_n and_o be_v at_o this_o instant_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o navarre_n placentia_n be_v situate_v in_o castille_n and_o preserve_v its_o ancient_a denomination_n at_o this_o instant_n porto_n or_o portogallo_n be_v place_v in_o lusitania_n and_o be_v that_o city_n which_o at_o present_a be_v name_v portoport_n s_o saguntum_n be_v destroy_v by_o hannibal_n out_o of_o who_o ash_n morviedro_n in_o valentia_n be_v now_o descend_v sanuessa_n be_v now_o sanguessa_n in_o navarre_n salmantica_n or_o elmantica_fw-la be_v circumscribe_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o castille_n and_o have_v now_o assume_v the_o denomination_n of_o salamanca_n be_v both_o a_o bishopric_n and_o a_o eminent_a university_n segobia_n or_o secobia_n be_v situate_v likewise_o in_o castille_n and_o with_o a_o small_a variation_n from_o the_o ancient_a name_n be_v now_o style_v segovia_n segobrica_n be_v the_o town_n call_v
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the_o line_n of_o mahomet_n the_o impostor_n decline_v by_o flight_n the_o fury_n of_o abdalla_n by_o who_o the_o ancient_a line_n of_o the_o caliphs_n of_o the_o race_n of_o humeia_n from_o which_o stem_n this_o abderamen_n be_v extract_v have_v be_v devest_v of_o the_o empire_n seek_v for_o shelter_n in_o spain_n and_o be_v with_o many_o symptom_n of_o joy_n and_o other_o unusual_a carress_n receive_v by_o the_o spanish_a moor_n entire_o devote_v to_o his_o house_n who_o government_n upon_o his_o shake_n off_o all_o dependence_n or_o subordination_n to_o the_o caliphs_n or_o mahometan_a emperor_n he_o whole_o assume_v to_o himself_o in_o his_o line_n the_o title_n flow_v with_o a_o even_a and_o undisturbed_a current_n until_o it_o stream_v down_o to_o hizen_n the_o second_o after_o who_o decease_n the_o sceptre_n of_o corduba_n seem_v to_o be_v break_v to_o piece_n by_o the_o surprisal_n or_o encroachment_n of_o subsequent_a usurper_n and_o pretender_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v mahomet_n the_o son_n of_o 〈◊〉_d after_o who_o exit_n the_o body_n of_o the_o carduban_a monarchy_n have_v evaporate_v its_o most_o vigorous_a and_o most_o active_a spirit_n at_o those_o wound_v the_o successful_a sword_n of_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o leon_n have_v inflict_v on_o it_o languish_v into_o decay_n and_o fall_v to_o piece_n the_o fragment_n of_o which_o dissolve_a monarchy_n be_v gather_v up_o by_o several_a royolet_n and_o erect_v into_o new_a principality_n as_o namely_o one_o start_v up_o at_o sevill_n another_o at_o toledo_n a_o three_o at_o valentia_n and_o a_o four_o at_o corduba_n after_o this_o great_a onset_n make_v on_o the_o monarchy_n of_o corduba_n which_o so_o break_v the_o sceptre_n and_o disorder_v the_o diadem_n make_v now_o contemptible_a and_o cheap_a by_o the_o tear_n off_o so_o many_o province_n from_o its_o seignory_n and_o jurisdiction_n the_o series_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o be_v successor_n to_o mahomet_n above_o mention_v be_v so_o raveled_a and_o discompose_v that_o there_o be_v no_o track_n in_o the_o register_n of_o history_n make_v visible_a to_o we_o by_o which_o we_o may_v pursue_v their_o remembrance_n only_o several_a petty_a and_o inconsiderable_a tyrant_n by_o a_o unjust_a usurpation_n endeavour_v to_o grasp_v the_o sceptre_n but_o their_o arrogance_n and_o insolent_a comportment_n so_o disgu_v and_o disoblige_v the_o people_n that_o to_o rescue_v themselves_o from_o that_o load_n of_o oppression_n which_o with_o so_o calamitous_a a_o pressure_n sit_v heavy_a upon_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n they_o call_v in_o the_o miramomolin_n or_o king_n of_o morocco_n who_o so_o noble_o assert_v the_o people_n liberty_n that_o all_o those_o roytelet_n be_v total_o by_o they_o subdue_v under_o seven_o prince_n of_o morocco_n do_v the_o government_n of_o these_o spanish_a moor_n continue_v unbroken_a that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o entrance_n of_o joseph_n telephin_n in_o the_o year_n 1091._o unto_o the_o go_n out_o of_o mahomet_n the_o green_a in_o the_o year_n 1214._o during_o which_o interval_n of_o time_n which_o make_v up_o a_o account_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n their_o affair_n and_o design_n be_v so_o well_o manage_v by_o the_o conduct_n and_o inspection_n of_o these_o active_a chieftain_n that_o they_o lose_v nothing_o but_o estremadura_n which_o be_v snatch_v from_o they_o by_o alfonso_n the_o second_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o leon_n and_o the_o city_n of_o lisbon_n tear_v from_o they_o by_o alfonso_n the_o first_o king_n of_o portugal_n but_o mahomet_n the_o green_a be_v discomfit_v at_o serra_n morena_n by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o christian_n concenter_v and_o knit_v together_o in_o in_o a_o joint_a confederacy_n or_o combination_n about_o the_o year_n 1214._o be_v so_o dispirited_a with_o this_o disastrous_a success_n that_o he_o make_v a_o obscure_a retreat_n abandon_v all_o that_o care_n which_o may_v have_v oblige_v he_o to_o a_o far_a defence_n of_o this_o monarchy_n after_o who_o recess_n this_o kingdom_n be_v once_o more_o split_v and_o dissolve_v into_o divers_a principality_n and_o small_a royalty_n almost_o equal_a to_o the_o number_n of_o great_a town_n which_o after_o various_a contest_v be_v incorporate_v into_o that_o regal_a patrimony_n which_o bow_v under_o the_o several_a sceptre_n of_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n arragon_n and_o portugal_n but_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corduba_n have_v too_o crazy_a and_o infirm_a a_o foundation_n to_o support_v a_o fabric_n so_o ruinous_a and_o totter_a sink_v into_o its_o own_o ruin_n be_v pluck_v asunder_o by_o the_o victorious_a hand_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o king_n of_o castille_n in_o the_o year_n 1236._o who_o afterward_o fasten_v to_o that_o revenue_n which_o own_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n where_o the_o title_n have_v remain_v ever_o since_o so_o fix_v and_o permanent_a that_o by_o the_o step_v of_o several_a descent_n it_o have_v be_v conduct_v down_o to_o confess_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n granada_n granada_n be_v circumscribe_v on_o the_o west_n with_o andalusia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o murcia_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a on_o the_o north_n with_o new_a castille_n on_o the_o south_n only_o with_o the_o midland_n sea_n this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o limb_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corduba_n be_v still_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o fate_n of_o that_o have_v still_o the_o same_o inhabitant_n cultivate_v its_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o conquest_n retrench_v its_o liberty_n so_o that_o it_o be_v sacrifice_v as_o a_o oblation_n to_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o invade_a moor_n and_o saracen_n but_o when_o the_o castilian_n by_o many_o signal_n encounter_v have_v so_o dissipate_v and_o rend_v asunder_o the_o great_a kingdom_n of_o corduba_n that_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v split_v into_o parcel_n this_o be_v seize_v on_o by_o mahomet_n ben_fw-mi alhamar_n or_o alcamir_n who_o so_o vigorous_o assert_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o moor_n even_o in_o their_o decline_a fortune_n that_o he_o make_v this_o province_n part_n of_o his_o own_o endowment_n and_o patrimony_n and_o be_v by_o those_o person_n who_o he_o have_v so_o gallant_o shadow_v with_o his_o protection_n advance_v to_o be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o granada_n though_o he_o be_v the_o last_o of_o corduba_n of_o all_o the_o king_n subsequent_a to_o he_o the_o spanish_a record_n afford_v we_o so_o dim_a a_o beam_n that_o we_o wander_v in_o the_o dark_a when_o we_o endeavour_v to_o trace_v out_o a_o just_a and_o successive_a series_n of_o they_o for_o civil_a contention_n and_o intestine_a animosity_n like_o a_o private_a moth_n do_v so_o fret_v into_o the_o title_n that_o it_o be_v no_o long_a stable_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n do_v support_v it_o nor_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v but_o expect_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o a_o monarchy_n fix_v on_o so_o great_a a_o ruin_n and_o who_o fabric_n
the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o some_o part_n of_o it_o though_o other_o upon_o as_o possible_a ground_n assert_v it_o be_v extract_v from_o the_o catalauni_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o languedoc_n a_o province_n of_o france_n divide_v by_o no_o considerable_a distance_n from_o this_o province_n but_o the_o affirmation_n of_o those_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o proportionate_a to_o reason_n who_o deduce_v it_o from_o gotholonia_n which_o by_o depravation_n of_o dialect_n and_o a_o more_o easy_a pronunciation_n be_v melt_v into_o catalonia_n this_o province_n have_v be_v adopt_v into_o the_o name_n of_o gotholonia_n by_o the_o goth_n as_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o province_n of_o spain_n on_o which_o that_o nation_n make_v their_o violent_a and_o successful_a eruption_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o castellani_n auxitani_fw-la indigites_n cosetani_n with_o part_n of_o the_o ilercones_n and_o jaccetani_n all_o of_o they_o possessor_n of_o that_o distribution_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v style_v hispania_n tarraconensis_n but_o when_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o suffer_v her_o eclipse_n and_o umbrage_n and_o wand_n into_o a_o visible_a declension_n this_o be_v rend_v from_o that_o great_a body_n by_o the_o alani_n who_o not_o long_o after_o be_v subdue_v and_o disseise_v by_o the_o goth_n but_o when_o a_o general_a ruin_n be_v super-induced_a on_o spain_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moor_n this_o sink_v in_o that_o general_a shipwreck_n and_o be_v force_v to_o stoop_v to_o receive_v a_o yoke_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o infidelity_n from_o they_o after_o many_o signal_n struggle_n it_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o have_v reduce_v the_o city_n of_o barcelona_n about_o the_o year_n 801._o settle_v it_o on_o one_o bernard_n a_o frenchman_n with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n and_o he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o province_n for_o that_o emperor_n as_o gothofredus_n his_o successor_n do_v for_o lewis_n the_o godly_a but_o gothofredus_n son_n to_o this_o godfred_n have_v act_v some_o exemplary_a service_n which_o oblige_v charles_n the_o grâ—â—_n to_o some_o grateful_a acknowledgement_n he_o to_o expiate_v this_o engagement_n make_v he_o proprietary_n of_o it_o with_o this_o limitation_n reserve_v that_o the_o year_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o his_o predecessor_n shall_v be_v inscribe_v and_o use_v in_o all_o record_n and_o instrument_n of_o public_a cognisance_n and_o from_o he_o it_o be_v transport_v to_o his_o grandchild_n gothofr_v the_o second_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n his_o uncle_n borellus_n enter_v upon_o the_o possession_n of_o this_o earldom_n and_o in_o his_o line_n be_v it_o so_o successive_o fix_v until_o by_o a_o even_a clew_n it_o descend_v to_o raymond_n the_o five_o who_o by_o match_v with_o petronilla_n daughter_n of_o raymir_n the_o second_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o alliance_n invest_v with_o the_o diadem_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o knit_v by_o a_o future_a combination_n this_o earldom_n to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o sceptre_n who_o successor_n be_v james_n the_o first_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o lord_n of_o catalonia_n for_o so_o the_o record_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v his_o style_n be_v use_v in_o coin_n and_o other_o inscription_n to_o who_o st._n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n by_o resignation_n and_o surrender_v release_v that_o vassalage_n and_o acknowledgement_n which_o be_v due_a from_o his_o predecessor_n to_o the_o diadem_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o and_o this_o king_n james_n to_o balance_n and_o poise_v the_o merit_n of_o so_o great_a a_o obligation_n by_o a_o proportionate_a compensation_n at_o the_o same_o time_n devest_v himself_o by_o a_o general_a release_n of_o all_o his_o right_n and_o title_n to_o carcassan_n bâ—ziers_n nismes_n and_o some_o other_o considerable_a piece_n in_o france_n in_o timâ—â—_n of_o elâ—er_a inscription_n relate_v as_o appendage_n to_o the_o revenue_n of_o that_o crown_n thus_o have_v i_o represent_v in_o landscape_n how_o catalonia_n become_v twist_v into_o the_o demean_v and_o royalty_n of_o arragon_n where_o it_o constant_o repose_v itself_o until_o the_o year_n 1638._o and_o then_o that_o defection_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o catalan_n as_o be_v pretend_v by_o the_o spaniard_n though_o those_o pretence_n be_v improve_v inflame_v and_o aggravate_v by_o the_o art_n and_o cloudy_a stratagem_n of_o cardinal_n richelieu_n have_v tear_v it_o off_o from_o that_o sceptre_n it_o be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n model_v and_o fashion_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o with_o a_o reservation_n that_o it_o shall_v still_o be_v under_o the_o patronage_n and_o shelter_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o this_o capacity_n it_o remain_v until_o the_o sucbesseful_a sword_n of_o don_n john_n of_o austria_n the_o marquis_n of_o cerra_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o mortara_n so_o vigorous_o assert_v the_o interest_n of_o spain_n that_o they_o wring_v all_o catalonia_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o french_a and_o although_o this_o nation_n by_o the_o concurrent_a aid_n of_o the_o catalan_n do_v retrieve_v puycerda_n castiglione_n and_o some_o other_o piece_n from_o the_o spaniard_n yet_o the_o more_o principal_a part_n of_o catalonia_n doeâ—â—et_v after_o all_o these_o vast_a concussion_n acknowledge_v no_o other_o sceptre_n but_o that_o which_o be_v sway_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o king_n of_o spain_n arragon_n arragon_n be_v fetter_v in_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o land_n of_o roussillon_n and_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n on_o the_o west_n the_o two_o castiles_a on_o the_o north_n navarre_n on_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n catalonia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o vanlentia_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o celtiberi_n who_o spread_v themselves_o over_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o spain_n style_v hispania_n tarraconensis_n but_o original_o have_v their_o rise_n and_o extraction_n from_o the_o celtae_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o france_n who_o be_v clog_v and_o surcharge_v with_o superfluity_n of_o people_n advance_v over_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o iberi_n the_o old_a possessor_n of_o arragon_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o inhabitant_n of_o less_o importance_n as_o namely_o the_o jaccetani_n the_o lacetani_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o editani_fw-la and_o ilergetes_n or_o ilurcones_n that_o have_v their_o concernment_n in_o this_o province_n and_o thrive_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o shadow_n of_o the_o noble_a colony_n and_o in_o this_o posture_n it_o remain_v until_o the_o carthaginian_n endeavour_v to_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n make_v it_o bow_v to_o their_o government_n but_o here_o it_o have_v not_o long_o be_v resident_a when_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n grow_v paramount_n to_o they_o it_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o more_o predominant_a strength_n of_o that_o empire_n and_o to_o their_o interest_n it_o be_v subservient_fw-fr until_o it_o be_v ravish_v away_o by_o the_o prevail_a arm_n of_o the_o goth_n who_o acquist_n here_o attend_v the_o fate_n of_o spain_n and_o be_v surrender_v to_o the_o moor_n in_o that_o public_a calamity_n which_o be_v complicate_v with_o their_o conquest_n but_o about_o that_o time_n when_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o leon_n and_o navarre_n be_v establish_v one_o aznarius_n a_o person_n of_o a_o unbroken_a courage_n disdain_v any_o long_a to_o lie_v pant_v under_o that_o load_n of_o slavery_n which_o the_o moor_n have_v cast_v upon_o he_o disengage_v himself_o of_o the_o pressure_n and_o by_o many_o generous_a conflict_n with_o the_o moor_n wherein_o he_o exhibit_v many_o symptom_n of_o a_o inexpugnable_a courage_n he_o invest_v himself_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o land_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o arragon_n but_o because_o he_o find_v his_o power_n be_v too_o infirm_a and_o crazy_a to_o support_v his_o new_a acquist_n without_o some_o collateral_a supply_n he_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarre_n about_o the_o year_n 775._o and_o that_o monarch_n both_o to_o excite_v and_o cherish_v so_o worthy_a a_o virtue_n with_o some_o exemplary_a guerdon_n dignify_v he_o with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o arragon_n and_o from_o he_o it_o devolve_v by_o descent_n to_o his_o lineal_a successor_n fortunio_n ximines_n in_o who_o the_o male_a line_n determine_v so_o that_o fortunio_n the_o second_o king_n of_o navarre_n in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n urraca_n who_o be_v his_o sister_n and_o heir_n be_v entitle_v to_o arragon_n support_v by_o this_o alliance_n annex_v this_o province_n to_o navarre_n and_o from_o he_o the_o clew_n of_o descent_n transmit_v it_o to_o sancho_n the_o great_a
king_n of_o navarre_n who_o give_v it_o to_o his_o son_n raymir_v beget_v in_o unlawful_a embrace_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o lawful_a son_n garcia_n who_o indeed_o just_o merit_v this_o disherision_n because_o he_o have_v by_o a_o unnatural_a accusation_n endeavour_v to_o blast_v the_o reputation_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elvira_n wife_n to_o his_o father_n by_o besmear_v she_o with_o the_o calumnious_a aspersion_n of_o adultery_n from_o which_o black_a tincture_n she_o be_v assoil_v by_o the_o noble_a and_o generous_a assistance_n of_o raymir_n above_o mention_v who_o offer_v to_o assert_v her_o innocence_n by_o the_o solemn_a decision_n of_o a_o mutual_a combat_n with_o this_o garcia_n which_o oblige_v his_o father_n king_n sancho_n to_o reflect_v with_o so_o benign_a a_o eye_n on_o so_o great_a a_o virtue_n that_o he_o think_v the_o earldom_n of_o arragon_n a_o proportionate_a guerdon_n to_o his_o merit_n and_o courage_n and_o translate_v the_o coronet_n of_o this_o province_n into_o a_o diadem_n that_o the_o reward_v design_v he_o may_v swell_v into_o a_o more_o considerable_a dimension_n and_o with_o more_o lustre_n adorn_v his_o temple_n and_o from_o this_o raymir_n do_v there_o issue_n out_o a_o series_n of_o king_n that_o be_v never_o interrupt_v disturb_v or_o raveled_a in_o the_o clew_n of_o descent_n but_o in_o a_o even_a order_n go_v along_o until_o the_o line_n of_o succession_n bring_v the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n to_o empale_v the_o temple_n of_o ferdinand_n surname_v the_o catholic_n who_o by_o match_v with_o isabel_n the_o heir_n of_o castille_n link_v and_o incorporate_v these_o two_o kingdom_n into_o one_o body_n who_o divide_a interest_n be_v thus_o combine_v have_v ever_o since_o continue_v fasten_v and_o tie_v up_o in_o so_o strict_a a_o union_n that_o the_o propriety_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n do_v now_o support_v and_o enforce_v the_o grandeur_n of_o that_o diadem_n which_o invest_v the_o head_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o the_o instant_a monarch_n of_o spain_n spain_n spain_n in_o time_n of_o a_o elder_a complexion_n be_v the_o stage_n where_o the_o scene_n of_o much_o contention_n and_o bloodshed_n be_v establish_v the_o roman_n attempt_v with_o much_o eagerness_n and_o animosity_n to_o ravish_v away_o the_o spanish_a liberty_n and_o impose_v that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n on_o their_o neck_n they_o have_v burden_v and_o load_v the_o shoulder_n of_o other_o captive_a nation_n with_o and_o the_o spanish_a inhabitant_n again_o endeavour_v with_o a_o generous_a vigour_n to_o assert_v their_o native_a franchise_n against_o their_o eruption_n and_o so_o to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v offer_v up_o a_o oblation_n to_o the_o rapatious_a talon_n of_o the_o roman_a eagle_n but_o after_o many_o conflict_n commence_v and_o the_o bloody_a umpirage_n of_o several_a battle_n the_o spanish_a body_n have_v exhale_v its_o most_o active_a and_o vigorous_a spirit_n at_o those_o breach_n and_o wound_n the_o successful_a sword_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v tear_v and_o discompose_v the_o bulk_n of_o their_o empire_n withal_o fall_v a_o cheap_a sacrifice_n to_o their_o success_n and_o ambition_n and_o by_o a_o tame_a submission_n put_v on_o those_o fetter_n the_o hand_n of_o these_o new_a victor_n have_v design_v to_o load_v they_o with_o and_o the_o roman_n the_o better_a to_o manage_v and_o fortify_v their_o new_a acquist_n with_o a_o cautious_a improvement_n scatter_v several_a colony_n and_o fort_n on_o those_o several_a province_n which_o be_v circumscribe_v within_o the_o continent_n of_o spain_n a_o subsequent_a list_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o represent_v to_o the_o reader_n as_o likewise_o a_o exact_a register_n of_o those_o city_n and_o town_n which_o in_o time_n of_o a_o more_o modern_a inscription_n have_v like_o so_o many_o phaenix_n ascend_v into_o shape_n and_o order_n out_o of_o their_o antiquate_a ruin_n a_o alce_n a_o city_n of_o the_o celtiberian_n be_v raze_v by_o gracchus_n abdera_n now_o call_v almeria_n and_o according_a to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o some_o the_o place_n where_o now_o the_o city_n of_o veraâ—s_n â—s_z situate_v abula_fw-la now_o denominate_v avila_n acci_n likely_a to_o be_v guadix_fw-la in_o granada_n agra_n it_o be_v under_o controversy_n whether_o it_o be_v place_v in_o spain_n or_o in_o africa_n arcobrica_n now_o style_v calataiub_n or_o else_o separate_v by_o no_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o assindon_n the_o place_n where_o now_o medina_n sidonia_n or_o xeres_n in_o andalusia_n be_v fix_v astapa_n a_o colony_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v destroy_v by_o martius_n a_o roman_a commander_n under_o scipio_n astigia_fw-la repute_v to_o be_v eccia_n in_o andalusia_n asturica_n or_o astorga_n retain_v its_o primitive_a appellation_n and_o continue_v a_o bishopric_n until_o this_o day_n ategua_n how_o this_o city_n be_v denominate_v now_o be_v represent_v by_o ferrarius_fw-la who_o assert_n that_o it_o be_v now_o call_v tebalaveia_n or_o teiveila_n in_o granada_n augusta_n a_o name_n common_a to_o many_o town_n in_o spain_n yet_o when_o it_o be_v simple_o rehearse_v or_o register_v without_o be_v yoke_v with_o any_o additional_a denomination_n it_o be_v take_v to_o signify_v bracar_n or_o braga_n auriensis_fw-la or_o aquae_n calidae_n now_o take_v for_o the_o bishopric_n of_o orenza_n or_o orense_n in_o gallicia_n auringa_n be_v a_o eminent_a city_n in_o andalusia_n dismantle_v and_o overturn_v by_o scipio_n aâ—sâ—â—â—a_n or_o auxima_fw-la at_o this_o present_a style_v vic_n d'ossone_n a_o obscure_a town_n circumscribe_v within_o catalonia_n auca_fw-la a_o ancient_a city_n out_o of_o who_o ruin_n burgos_n be_v now_o start_v axenium_fw-la where_o that_o be_v situate_v or_o what_o city_n be_v extract_v from_o its_o ash_n be_v uncertain_a b_o barcina_n or_o rubicata_n now_o call_v barcelona_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o catalonia_n bastitania_n now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o baza_n in_o the_o province_n of_o murcia_n bregetium_fw-la in_o old_a record_n denominate_v likewise_o lucus_n astuâ—um_n be_v now_o the_o city_n of_o oviâ—do_n in_o leon._n biaria_n now_o call_v barra_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n bigastrensis_fw-la civitas_n or_o urbs_fw-la bistargensis_fw-la be_v a_o bishopric_n situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o carthagena_n bigerra_n now_o style_v beijar_n be_v contiguous_a in_o its_o position_n to_o valentia_n britolensis_fw-la urbs_fw-la be_v a_o town_n near_o tuy_n in_o gallicia_n c_o cauca_n be_v a_o city_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o vacceni_fw-la and_o situate_v in_o portugal_n ruin_v by_o lucullus_n the_o roman_a general_n carmona_n be_v a_o town_n near_o cordova_n demolish_v by_o the_o goth_n cauria_fw-la at_o this_o day_n denominate_v coria_n and_o be_v place_v near_o merida_n caesarea_n augusta_n or_o salduba_n now_o sarragossa_n the_o metropolis_n of_o arragon_n calaguris_n now_o represent_v under_o the_o name_n of_o calahorra_n in_o navarre_n colimbrica_fw-la or_o conimbrica_n now_o coimbra_n a_o eminent_a university_n in_o portugal_n carthago_n nova_n or_o carthagena_n which_o still_o retain_v its_o pristine_a name_n and_o though_o now_o fall_v under_o some_o umbrage_n and_o obscurity_n be_v in_o elder_a time_n one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n of_o spain_n castulo_n at_o this_o day_n style_v castona_n and_o be_v situate_v near_o sevill_n centobrica_n in_o celtiberia_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o roman_a obedience_n by_o metellus_n since_o crumble_v into_o rubbish_n complutum_n out_o of_o whose_o rubbish_n the_o note_a and_o illustrious_a unive_n sity_n of_o alcala_n de_fw-fr henarez_n in_o câ—stile_n be_v now_o rise_v forth_o conistorgis_n be_v a_o colony_n in_o portugal_n long_o since_o moulder_a into_o a_o neglect_a heap_n colenda_n be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o celtiberian_n corduba_n give_v naâ—e_v to_o the_o whole_a province_n wherein_o it_o be_v place_v and_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a appellation_n and_o continue_v a_o bishopric_n until_o this_o day_n d_o dertosa_n now_o call_v tortosa_n and_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n which_o separate_v catalonia_n and_o valentia_n diâ—niâ—m_n now_o style_v denia_n be_v place_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n e_o civitas_n egarensis_fw-la be_v the_o residence_n of_o a_o people_n call_v egurâ—â—_n out_o of_o who_o ash_n spring_v a_o town_n in_o toledo_n style_v medina_n del_fw-it rio_n secco_n egedita_fw-it now_o a_o little_a bourg_n in_o portugal_n call_v edania_n egosa_n or_o egiba_n be_v a_o town_n which_o still_o continue_v its_o ancient_a appellation_n and_o be_v situate_v near_o girona_n in_o catalonia_n ebora_n now_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o euora_n and_o be_v place_v in_o portugal_n and_o be_v at_o this_o instant_n ascend_v to_o that_o eminence_n that_o it_o be_v become_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n elibâ—â—is_n be_v in_o age_n of_o a_o high_a step_n a_o populous_a and_o spacious_a city_n though_o in_o time_n of_o a_o low_a descent_n it_o shrink_v into_o the_o narrow_a bulk_n
which_o patronage_n be_v ratify_v to_o the_o successor_n of_o this_o robert_n by_o the_o indulgent_a bounty_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n barbarossa_n about_o the_o year_n 1164._o so_o that_o be_v under_o the_o constant_a tuition_n of_o flanders_n it_o be_v esteem_v a_o limb_n of_o that_o province_n yet_o have_v the_o bishop_n a_o separate_a jurisdiction_n and_o be_v of_o that_o eminence_n and_o latitude_n of_o power_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o cambray_n be_v under_o the_o repute_n and_o notion_n of_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v several_a time_n sometime_o by_o assault_n and_o sometime_o by_o stratagem_n force_v to_o bow_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a who_o have_v disoblige_v the_o people_n by_o their_o disorder_n and_o irregular_a exorbitance_n be_v expulse_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o eleven_o and_o then_o it_o continue_v under_o the_o character_n of_o a_o free_a city_n &_o province_n though_o shadow_v still_o with_o the_o protection_n of_o flanders_n until_o the_o year_n 1543._o a_o citadel_n be_v here_o establish_v by_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o can_v not_o rescue_v it_o from_o be_v surprise_v in_o a_o sudden_a camisade_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o alenzon_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o retrive_v by_o the_o courage_n and_o virtue_n of_o the_o spanish_a arm_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o remain_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimonial_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n the_o spanish_a interest_n in_o italy_n sicily_n be_v the_o first_o place_n in_o italy_n which_o swell_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o spanish_a greatness_n and_o make_v its_o interest_n so_o considerable_a to_o its_o enemy_n and_o useful_a to_o its_o friend_n in_o all_o its_o scatter_a territory_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o the_o low_a or_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n and_o contain_v seven_o hundred_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o by_o elder_a conjecture_n be_v suppose_v in_o age_n of_o a_o high_a climax_n to_o have_v be_v unite_v to_o italy_n be_v then_o a_o demy-island_n or_o peninsula_n such_o as_o peloponnesus_n and_o join_v to_o the_o continent_n by_o some_o narrow_a isthmus_n indeed_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o straight_a thr_fw-mi shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o phare_n the_o brittlenesse_n of_o the_o shore_n on_o either_o side_n be_v full_a of_o cave_n and_o chink_n wrought_v in_o it_o by_o the_o violent_a onset_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o the_o city_n rhegium_n situate_v on_o the_o portuguese_n coast_n and_o almost_o opposite_a to_o messina_n which_o import_v a_o breach_n or_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v to_o break_v off_o do_v evince_n to_o we_o by_o probability_n of_o circumstance_n that_o sicily_n be_v one_o piece_n with_o the_o adjacent_a continent_n until_o the_o violence_n of_o earthquake_n and_o the_o impetuous_a fury_n of_o the_o water_n and_o wave_n do_v dislodge_v and_o consume_v the_o earth_n which_o tie_v it_o to_o italy_n it_o be_v once_o call_v trinacria_n because_o it_o extend_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o three_o cape_n or_o promontory_n viz._n 1_o pelorus_n now_o capo_n de_fw-fr foro._n 2_o pachinus_n now_o capo_n passaro_n and_o lilybaeum_n now_o cape_n boij_n or_o coro_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n that_o history_n represent_v to_o we_o to_o have_v possess_v this_o country_n be_v those_o vast_a giant_n record_v in_o the_o odyssey_n of_o homer_n under_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o laestrygones_n and_o cyclops_n these_o be_v afterward_o supplant_v and_o discard_v by_o the_o sicani_n a_o people_n of_o spain_n who_o call_v it_o sicania_n but_o these_o new_a invader_n be_v not_o long_o after_o root_v out_o by_o the_o siculi_n who_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o latium_n by_o evander_n and_o his_o areadian_o and_o force_v to_o seek_v new_a habitation_n here_o it_o abandon_v the_o name_n of_o sicania_n and_o assume_v that_o of_o sicily_n at_o their_o first_o land_v they_o build_v the_o city_n of_o zancle_n call_v afterward_o messana_n together_o with_o neâ—_n hybla_n catana_n and_o leontium_n after_o they_o come_v another_o italian_a colony_n style_v the_o morgetes_n be_v force_v hither_o by_o the_o oenotrian_o and_o fix_v their_o residence_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n where_o they_o erect_v the_o city_n morgentum_fw-la and_o adopt_v it_o into_o their_o own_o surname_n the_o first_o of_o the_o greek_n who_o invade_v it_o be_v the_o chalcidian_o a_o people_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o euboea_n now_o call_v negropont_n to_o who_o the_o city_n of_o naxos_n owe_v its_o first_o foundation_n and_o after_o archias_n of_o corinth_n and_o his_o retinue_n of_o adventurer_n by_o who_o syracuse_n famous_a in_o elder_a time_n for_o the_o petalismus_n or_o banishment_n of_o citizen_n by_o have_v their_o name_n write_v in_o a_o olive_n leaf_n be_v first_o build_v or_o else_o very_o much_o enlarge_v and_o adorn_v next_o they_o the_o rhodian_n and_o crâ—tians_n send_v some_o colony_n hither_o the_o first_o founder_n of_o gela_n and_o after_o of_o the_o so_o much_o celebrate_v city_n of_o agrigentum_n and_o not_o long_o after_o a_o new_a stock_n of_o planter_n build_v heraclia_n the_o citizen_n of_o megaris_n another_o state_n of_o greece_n transmit_v a_o colony_n also_o who_o build_v sâ—linus_n and_o so_o do_v those_o of_o messene_n or_o mycena_n also_o who_o take_v the_o town_n of_o zancle_n from_o the_o siculi_n new_o beantify_v it_o and_o be_v thus_o repair_v fix_v on_o it_o the_o name_n of_o messana_n nor_o can_v we_o deem_v the_o tyrian_n and_o phaenician_o such_o note_a undertaker_n of_o public_a business_n will_v be_v so_o stupid_o unactive_a not_o to_o attempt_v nothing_o when_o so_o rich_a and_o eminent_a a_o prey_n do_v invite_v their_o industry_n for_o we_o find_v they_o attaque_v the_o promontory_n of_o pachinus_n and_o lilybaeum_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a island_n and_o fortify_v they_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v and_o improve_v the_o trade_n they_o have_v establish_v in_o sicily_n but_o these_o several_a colony_n be_v break_v into_o several_a interest_n and_o faction_n combine_a not_o together_o in_o the_o design_n of_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n but_o plant_v themselves_o on_o the_o shore_n do_v not_o discard_v the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n by_o which_o they_o find_v it_o distinguish_v upon_o their_o first_o eruption_n after_o this_o island_n by_o these_o particular_a onset_n and_o impression_n fall_v under_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o greek_n from_o all_o their_o principal_a city_n colony_n issue_v out_o who_o inhabit_a the_o seacoast_n of_o the_o country_n but_o so_o as_o they_o never_o concenter_v in_o a_o common_a body_n but_o have_v their_o several_a end_n and_o particular_a interest_n whereby_o they_o come_v to_o be_v split_v into_o many_o faction_n and_o sacrifice_v as_o a_o prey_n to_o as_o many_o tyrant_n phalaris_n overrule_a agrigentum_n panaetius_n at_o leontium_n gelon_n at_o syracuse_n cleander_n at_o gela_n and_o when_o one_o faction_n be_v too_o impotent_a to_o obviate_v or_o resist_v the_o other_o they_o call_v in_o several_a foreign_a nation_n to_o support_v their_o quarrel_n for_o on_o this_o foundation_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v call_v in_o by_o the_o messanian_o against_o the_o agrigentines_n and_o on_o the_o same_o principle_n be_v manage_v the_o peloponnesian_a war_n the_o athenian_n combine_a with_o the_o leontines_n â—nd_v the_o spartan_n with_o the_o syracusan_n in_o which_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o athens_n be_v break_v by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o their_o two_o general_n nicias_n and_o demosthenes_n offer_v up_o to_o a_o untimely_a and_o bloody_a fate_n in_o prison_n but_o because_o syracuse_n be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a authority_n and_o of_o the_o great_a influence_n over_o the_o rest_n the_o state_n and_o affair_n of_o that_o city_n be_v make_v more_o visible_a by_o history_n than_o those_o which_o have_v a_o aspect_n upon_o the_o town_n or_o community_n of_o this_o island_n the_o government_n at_o first_o be_v popular_a as_o it_o be_v in_o most_o of_o the_o greek_a colony_n according_a to_o the_o platform_n and_o model_n they_o transport_v with_o they_o and_o be_v but_o new_o transplant_v into_o the_o aristocratical_a when_o gelon_n erect_v his_o kingdom_n here_o about_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o tarquin_n at_o rome_n who_o with_o as_o many_o succeed_v in_o the_o royal_a dignity_n take_v in_o this_o subsequent_a register_n a._n m._n 3465._o 1._o gelon_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o contest_v in_o syracuse_n betwixt_o the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o city_n and_o be_v choose_a king_n 7._o a._n m._n 3472._o 2._o hiero_n the_o first_o valiant_a but_o rude_a and_o covetous_a a._n m._n 3484._o 3._o thrasibulus_n brother_n to_o hiero_n who_o government_n be_v so_o barbarous_a and_o insupportable_a that_o he_o sway_v but_o ten_o month_n a._n m._n 3544._o 4._o dionysius_n
down_o to_o his_o successor_n in_o so_o uninterrupted_a a_o channel_n that_o the_o devolution_n and_o traverse_n of_o many_o wind_a descent_n have_v at_o this_o instant_n bring_v it_o to_o confeâ—s_v the_o empire_n and_o seignory_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o k._n of_o spain_n naples_n the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v almost_o on_o every_o side_n circumscribe_v with_o the_o adriatic_a ionian_a and_o tuscan-sea_n unless_o on_o the_o west_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n by_o a_o small_a neck_n of_o land_n draw_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o druentus_n to_o the_o spring_n head_n of_o axofenus_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavoro_n abruzzo_n apulia_n terra_fw-la de_fw-fr otranto_n calabria-inferior_a calabria-superior_a and_o the_o isle_n of_o naples_n terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavoro_n be_v ancient_o call_v campania_n and_o extract_v this_o surname_n from_o the_o campani_a who_o with_o the_o oscani_fw-la who_o be_v invest_v in_o possession_n about_o capua_n in_o age_n of_o a_o very_a old_a inscription_n styleâ—_n osca_n be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o it_o abruzzo_n in_o latin_a style_v aprutium_fw-la be_v the_o residence_n or_o territory_n of_o the_o picentes_n and_o the_o samnite_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v subdivide_v into_o the_o â—erentani_n arpinate_n caraceni_n praecatini_fw-la peligni_n vestini_n hirpini_n and_o the_o samnite_n proper_o so_o call_v terra_fw-la di_fw-it otranto_n be_v in_o elder_a time_n people_v by_o the_o salentini_n japyges_n and_o messapiani_fw-la and_o from_o hence_o in_o the_o record_n and_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n it_o be_v exhibit_v to_o posterity_n under_o the_o name_n of_o salentina_n japygia_n and_o messapia_n calabria-inferior_a and_o superior_a be_v both_o original_o that_o track_n of_o earth_n which_o be_v poste_v by_o the_o calabri_n tarentini_n lucani_n â—rutij_fw-la and_o some_o sprinckling_n of_o the_o liburni_n a_o people_n devote_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o sustain_n of_o burden_n &_o other_o servile_a employment_n and_o this_o i_o believe_v be_v do_v by_o such_o cheap_a and_o contemptible_a undertake_n to_o extinguish_v in_o they_o all_o thought_n which_o may_v egg_n they_o on_o to_o a_o recovery_n of_o that_o liberty_n which_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v lop_v off_o for_o these_o the_o calabri_n and_o tarentini_n be_v the_o last_o not_o without_o many_o signal_n and_o solemn_a struggle_n who_o prostrate_v themselves_o as_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o victorious_a talon_n of_o the_o roman_a eagle_n this_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n have_v be_v whirl_v about_o with_o so_o many_o revolution_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o region_n have_v not_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o more_o vicissitude_n and_o mutation_n than_o the_o possessor_n of_o these_o province_n have_v be_v for_o 1._o the_o grecian_n enter_v and_o scatter_v here_o their_o particular_a colony_n of_o achaian_n and_o spartan_n which_o oblige_v antiquity_n to_o give_v the_o name_n of_o magna_n graecia_n to_o calabria_n in_o which_o track_n they_o erect_v locris_n so_o eminent_a in_o old_a record_n for_o zeleucus_n the_o lawgiver_n and_o his_o law_n and_o institution_n and_o eunomus_n the_o musician_n 2._o tarentum_n which_o contribute_v a_o name_n to_o that_o capacious_a bay_n call_v sinus_n tarentinus_n 3._o crotona_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v ancient_o so_o active_a in_o the_o olympic_a game_n 4._o amycle_n a_o town_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v make_v up_o in_o elder_a time_n of_o the_o pythagorean_n a_o sect_n which_o by_o the_o institution_n and_o rule_n of_o their_o order_n devote_a themselves_o to_o silence_n 5._o sybarisâ—o_o â—o_z infamous_a in_o story_n for_o their_o softness_n and_o effeminacy_n have_v melt_v themselves_o into_o so_o much_o ease_n and_o luxury_n that_o they_o expulse_v all_o smith_n and_o brazier_n into_o exile_n because_o by_o the_o noise_n of_o their_o bellows_o and_o hammer_n they_o may_v make_v a_o invasion_n on_o their_o repose_n and_o slumber_v and_o entertain_v with_o unusual_a caress_n musician_n fiddler_n because_o they_o improve_v their_o sleep_n and_o excess_n and_o 6._o they_o here_o erect_v rhegium_n which_o name_v they_o fix_v upon_o it_o from_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v to_o break_v or_o tear_v asunder_o this_o city_n be_v separate_v or_o tear_v off_o from_o sicily_n by_o that_o straight_a of_o sea_n which_o they_o style_v the_o faro_n of_o messina_n in_o terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavoro_fw-it they_o erect_v parthâ—nope_n now_o call_v naples_n osca_n now_o name_v capua_n cuma_n and_o sinuessa_n now_o call_v sessa_o in_o abruzzo_n they_o establish_v arpinum_n in_o apulia_n ancient_o by_o the_o grecians_n call_v daunia_n they_o found_v luceria_n asculum_n sometime_o style_v asculum_n satrianum_fw-la and_o argyripa_n the_o argos_n hirpium_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n and_o contract_v by_o use_n and_o depravation_n of_o dialect_n into_o agyripa_n which_o as_o antiquity_n assert_n and_o intimate_v be_v erect_v into_o the_o shape_n and_o model_n of_o a_o city_n by_o diomedes_n and_o a_o colony_n transmit_v from_o etolia_n in_o terra_fw-la di_fw-it otranto_n they_o establish_v brundufium_fw-la hydruntum_n and_o as_o some_o affirm_v but_o upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o gallipolis_n likewise_o but_o though_o naples_n be_v thus_o strengthen_v with_o colony_n and_o knot_a with_o city_n yet_o this_o can_v not_o so_o secure_v she_o from_o foreign_a eruption_n but_o that_o she_o bow_v her_o head_n and_o partly_o by_o a_o voluntary_a resignation_n and_o partly_o by_o conquest_n give_v herself_o up_o to_o be_v make_v part_n of_o that_o patrimony_n which_o improve_v the_o roman_a grandeur_n and_o after_o it_o have_v for_o some_o year_n submit_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v first_o a_o common_a wealth_n and_o afterward_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v rend_v off_o from_o that_o great_a body_n by_o the_o goth_n under_o who_o tyranny_n it_o have_v not_o long_o lie_v gasp_v but_o it_o be_v force_v to_o surrender_v itself_o to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lombard_n who_o by_o their_o frequent_a and_o happy_a inroad_n disseise_v the_o goth_n of_o their_o new_a acquist_n but_o their_o conquest_n be_v not_o fix_v or_o permanent_a for_o their_o foundation_n be_v cement_v with_o blood_n be_v infirm_a and_o slippery_a be_v after_o some_o assault_n make_v upon_o it_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a force_v to_o bow_v to_o his_o sceptre_n but_o to_o wind_v up_o all_o controversy_n for_o the_o future_a and_o to_o entomb_v all_o emergent_a difference_n in_o a_o amicable_a pacification_n this_o charles_n about_o the_o year_n 803._o make_v a_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a partage_n between_o nicephorus_n then_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o himself_o as_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n the_o limit_n of_o which_o division_n be_v the_o river_n liris_n now_o cantigliano_fw-it by_o capua_n and_o the_o river_n aufidus_n now_o ofanto_n in_o apulia_n but_o this_o partage_n do_v not_o long_o continue_v without_o some_o discomposure_n for_o ill_a agent_n have_v foment_v some_o difference_n between_o the_o greek_n and_o the_o german_n their_o private_a animosity_n and_o heat_n be_v at_o last_o blow_v up_o into_o the_o public_a flame_n of_o war_n which_o do_v determine_v in_o the_o total_a expulsion_n of_o the_o german_n out_o of_o naples_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o act_v without_o the_o concurrent_a supply_n of_o the_o saracen_n enemy_n to_o they_o both_o who_o discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o greek_n in_o be_v invite_v in_o to_o supplant_v the_o german_n invade_v those_o who_o have_v call_v they_o in_o and_o thus_o be_v this_o unhappy_a kingdom_n for_o several_a age_n make_v the_o sad_a stage_n where_o the_o latin_n greek_n and_o saracen_n act_v their_o bloody_a tragedy_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o greek_n be_v waste_v with_o frequent_a conflict_n and_o almost_o sink_v under_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o foreign_a conquest_n they_o have_v evapourate_v their_o noble_a &_o most_o active_a spirit_n at_o those_o wound_v the_o sword_n of_o these_o infidel_n have_v inflict_v on_o they_o be_v support_v in_o this_o their_o agony_n by_o forty_o norman_a gentleman_n who_o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o return_v from_o a_o pilgrimage_n make_v into_o the_o holy_a land_n give_v so_o noble_a and_o generous_a assistance_n to_o the_o afflict_a christian_n that_o they_o check_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o saracen_n and_o intercept_v the_o current_n of_o their_o victory_n which_o before_o like_o a_o deluge_n menace_v whole_o to_o overwhelm_a the_o christian_a â—nterest_n and_o concernment_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o this_o give_v the_o distress_a inhabitant_n but_o some_o dawn_n of_o better_a hope_n the_o improvement_n of_o this_o success_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o valour_n and_o conduct_n of_o one_o drangot_n who_o have_v slay_v repostel_n a_o gentleman_n of_o eminence_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n father_n to_o our_o william_n the_o
all_o the_o effort_n and_o hostile_a eruption_n of_o the_o french_a that_o it_o be_v still_o wound_v up_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o spanish_a interest_n in_o sienna_n sienna_n sienna_n and_o its_o circumambient_a territory_n be_v situate_v between_o the_o estate_n of_o pisa_n and_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n call_v the_o demeasn_a of_o the_o church_n the_o city_n be_v by_o antoninus_n in_o his_o itinerary_n style_v sena_n julia_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o another_o of_o that_o name_n situate_v on_o the_o margin_n or_o fringe_n of_o the_o adriatic_a gulf_n and_o name_v sena_n gallica_n it_o be_v as_o the_o ancient_a tradition_n of_o italy_n testify_v erect_v by_o brennus_n who_o here_o as_o in_o some_o infirmatory_n do_v deposit_v his_o soldier_n who_o be_v superannuated_a with_o age_n or_o else_o almost_o crumble_v away_o with_o sickness_n in_o time_n of_o a_o more_o modern_a aspect_n this_o province_n be_v whole_o devote_v or_o offer_v up_o to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o faction_n or_o combination_n of_o the_o gibelline_n or_o imperial_a party_n so_o that_o the_o price_n be_v narrow_a and_o easy_a at_o which_o they_o enfranchise_v &_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n of_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n after_o this_o city_n and_o province_n come_v to_o confess_v the_o seignory_n and_o sceptre_n of_o the_o spaniard_n but_o they_o have_v not_o be_v long_o resident_a in_o their_o new_a acquist_n but_o they_o be_v disseise_v by_o the_o french_a but_o by_o the_o second_o eruption_n of_o those_o spanish_a they_o have_v not_o long_o before_o expulse_v they_o be_v again_o root_v out_o and_o supplant_v and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v thus_o rescue_v sienna_n from_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o french_a convey_v all_o his_o concernment_n in_o it_o to_o cosmo_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n about_o the_o year_n 1558._o but_o with_o this_o retrenchment_n or_o limitation_n that_o the_o duchy_n of_o sienna_n itself_o shall_v hold_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o porto_n hercolâ—_n orbitillo_n piombino_n and_o porto_n longone_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o remain_v as_o limb_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o diadem_n for_o ever_o &_o though_o porto_n piombino_n and_o longone_n be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o tear_v from_o the_o spanish_a sceptre_n by_o the_o prosperous_a arm_n of_o the_o french_a yet_o the_o spanish_a discover_v how_o destructive_a and_o ruinous_a it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o affair_n in_o italy_n to_o suffer_v these_o new_a intruder_n to_o be_v fix_v in_o a_o constant_a possession_n of_o they_o retrive_v they_o by_o dint_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o be_v at_o this_o instant_n entitle_v to_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o they_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_z in_o germany_n austria_z properly_z so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n on_o the_o west_n bavaria_n on_o the_o north_n bâ—â—â—â—ia_n on_o the_o south_n stiria_n or_o stiermarck_n represent_v to_o we_o by_o the_o dutch_a under_o the_o denomination_n of_o ostâ—â—rick_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o eastern_a kingdom_n this_o be_v the_o extreme_a province_n of_o east-france_n or_o the_o eastern_a kingdom_n of_o the_o french_a in_o the_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a latin_a of_o those_o time_n style_v austrasia_n whence_o the_o modern_a austria_n have_v borrow_v its_o name_n and_o extraction_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o quadi_n who_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n but_o these_o have_v scarce_o advance_v their_o trophy_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o people_n but_o the_o marcomanni_n improve_n their_o strength_n by_o a_o confederate_a mixture_n with_o the_o boij_n dislodge_v the_o roman_n from_o their_o new_a acquist_n and_o conquer_a part_n of_o this_o province_n and_o leave_v the_o remainder_n to_o be_v offer_v up_o as_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o victorious_a sword_n of_o the_o avares_n but_o these_o boij_n be_v subjugate_v by_o clovis_n the_o great_a and_o the_o avares_n expulse_v from_o pannonia_n by_o charlemaigne_n both_o this_o and_o that_o become_v incorporate_v into_o the_o french_a empire_n until_o the_o subdue_a pannonia_n by_o the_o hungarian_n to_o oppose_v who_o and_o more_o vigorous_o to_o protect_v this_o province_n in_o its_o peace_n and_o safety_n some_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o lord_n marcher_n be_v depute_a by_o the_o king_n and_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o have_v a_o inspection_n into_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o territory_n and_o more_o to_o reward_v and_o ennoble_v their_o care_n they_o be_v adorn_v with_o the_o title_n of_o marquess_n at_o first_o officiarie_n but_o at_o last_o hereditary_n make_v so_o by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o who_o give_v this_o province_n anno_fw-la 980._o to_o one_o leopold_n surname_v the_o illustrious_a extract_v from_o the_o house_n of_o schwaben_n and_o from_o he_o descend_v leopold_n the_o four_o marquis_n of_o austria_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n henry_n the_o second_o be_v not_o only_o invest_v with_o the_o estate_n but_o likewise_o with_o the_o title_n of_o marquis_n of_o austria_n but_o by_o the_o liberal_a munificence_n of_o frederick_n barbarossa_n in_o the_o year_n 1158._o be_v advance_v to_o a_o high_a dignity_n and_o create_v duke_n of_o this_o province_n by_o that_o emperor_n and_o from_o he_o it_o come_v down_o to_o his_o grandchild_n leopold_n the_o five_o who_o surprise_v richard_n the_o first_o in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a war_n and_o have_v make_v he_o his_o captive_n obtain_v so_o plentiful_a a_o ransom_n for_o his_o redemption_n that_o with_o it_o he_o purchase_v stiermark_n and_o the_o county_n of_o neobourg_n and_o lintz_n and_o circumscribe_v uâ—enna_n with_o a_o wall_n and_o this_o leopold_n have_v issue_n frederick_n the_o warlike_a who_o for_o some_o enterprise_n wherein_o he_o exhibit_v signal_n testimony_n of_o his_o courage_n be_v make_v king_n of_o austria_n by_o frederick_n the_o second_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o he_o decease_a without_o issue_n ottocarus_n son_n of_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o right_o derive_v from_o margaret_n sister_n to_o this_o frederick_n enter_v upon_o his_o new_o establish_a monarchy_n add_v thereto_o as_o a_o increase_n of_o patrimony_n the_o country_n of_o carinthia_n and_o carniola_n which_o he_o have_v purchase_v of_o ulric_n the_o last_o prince_n thereof_o but_o be_v vanquish_v and_o slay_v by_o rodolphus_n of_o hapsberg_n not_o long_o before_o advance_v to_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o the_o year_n 1246._o he_o confer_v the_o possession_n of_o these_o large_a acquist_n on_o his_o elder_a son_n albert_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o austria_n about_o the_o year_n 1298._o but_o though_o these_o new_a conquest_n be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o demeasn_a of_o albert_n by_o the_o successful_a sword_n of_o his_o father_n yet_o be_v their_o title_n better_o secure_v and_o support_v by_o marriage_n for_o he_o wed_v elizabeth_n daughter_n of_o mâ—inard_n earl_n of_o tiroll_n and_o elizabeth_n his_o wife_n the_o daughter_n of_o gertrude_n who_o be_v daughter_n to_o henry_n brother_n to_o frederick_n the_o warlike_a which_o gertrude_n match_v with_o hermanus_n marquis_n of_o badâ—n_n by_o who_o she_o have_v frederick_n behead_v at_o naples_n by_o charles_n of_o valois_n 1268._o and_o this_o elizabeth_n abovesaid_a in_o who_o right_a albert_n become_v entitle_v to_o austria_n tiroll_n and_o many_o other_o opulent_a and_o considerable_a possession_n elsewhere_o and_o from_o he_o do_v this_o duchy_n by_o descent_n devolve_v to_o albert_n the_o six_o who_o as_o some_o record_n and_o history_n assert_v assume_v the_o style_n of_o archduke_n about_o the_o year_n 1430._o and_o much_o enhance_v his_o grandeur_n and_o revenue_n by_o match_v with_o elizabeth_n heir_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o of_o bohemia_n she_o add_v those_o two_o crown_n to_o his_o patrimony_n and_o he_o leave_v issue_n ladislaus_n who_o decease_a childless_a frederick_n the_o second_o be_v extract_v from_o leopold_n one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o albert_n the_o three_o duke_n of_o austria_n surname_v the_o short_a be_v by_o a_o right_o flow_v from_o he_o entitle_v to_o this_o dukedom_n and_o he_o have_v issue_n maximilian_n the_o first_o from_o who_o this_o duchy_n devolve_v successive_o to_o his_o two_o grandchild_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o ferdinand_z the_o first_o the_o last_o of_o which_o have_v issue_n maximilian_n the_o second_o from_o who_o the_o title_n be_v conduct_v down_o to_o his_o two_o son_n rodolph_n the_o three_o and_o mathias_n who_o both_o decease_a without_o issue_n the_o title_n be_v invest_v in_o their_o kinsman_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o gratz_n son_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o austria_n young_a son_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o from_o who_o it_o