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and_o of_o one_o friend_n towards_o another_o these_o rule_n include_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o moral_n but_o i_o shall_v dilate_v no_o far_o upon_o this_o subject_n for_o that_o i_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o end_n shall_v i_o go_v about_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o that_o they_o write_v of_o the_o loyalty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n of_o obedience_n of_o child_n towards_o their_o parent_n of_o the_o submission_n of_o wife_n towards_o they_o husband_n of_o brotherly_a affection_n and_o that_o amity_n and_o respect_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v among_o friend_n i_o can_v speak_v of_o the_o noble_a order_n observe_v in_o their_o political_a government_n but_o for_o that_o i_o shall_v reserve_v a_o whole_a chaptâ—…r_n before_o i_o finish_v this_o relation_n among_o the_o festival_n of_o the_o chinese_n one_o of_o those_o which_o they_o celebrate_v with_o most_o joy_n and_o solemnity_n be_v the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o first_o moon_n 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but_o that_o which_o more_o astonish_v we_o be_v to_o see_v that_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v a_o element_n so_o active_a and_o so_o devour_a shall_v move_v so_o leisurely_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v quit_v its_o own_o nature_n to_o obey_v the_o precept_n and_o command_n of_o art_n which_o be_v only_o to_o represent_v the_o arbour_n to_o the_o life_n and_o not_o to_o burn_v it_o nor_o be_v the_o lantern_n less_o to_o be_v admire_v for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v already_o there_o be_v not_o any_o house_n whether_o poor_a or_o rich_a where_o you_o do_v not_o see_v they_o hang_v up_o in_o their_o hall_n in_o their_o court_n and_o before_o their_o window_n and_o they_o be_v of_o so_o many_o different_a fashion_n that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o figure_n which_o they_o do_v not_o represent_v those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o poor_a be_v of_o a_o small_a
certain_a that_o burden_n equal_o poise_v be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o carry_v in_o all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o the_o empire_n there_o be_v two_o tower_n the_o one_o call_v the_o drum-tower_n and_o the_o other_o the_o bell-tower_n which_o serve_v to_o tell_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n for_o the_o chineses_n divide_v the_o night_n into_o five_o part_n long_o or_o short_a according_a as_o the_o night_n be_v long_o or_o short_a and_o as_o they_o be_v long_o in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o night_n or_o first_o watch_n the_o watchman_z strike_v several_a stroke_n upon_o the_o drum_n and_o the_o bell_n answer_v he_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n after_o that_o during_o all_o the_o first_o quarter_n the_o watchman_n give_v one_o stroke_n upon_o the_o drum_n and_o another_o watchman_z one_o rap_v upon_o the_o bell_n with_o a_o wooden_a hammer_n and_o this_o they_o do_v all_o the_o first_o quarter_n observe_v the_o space_n of_o time_n that_o a_o man_n may_v say_v his_o creed_n between_o the_o stroke_n and_o rap_n together_o when_o the_o second_o quarter_n of_o the_o night_n begin_v than_o they_o give_v two_o stroke_n and_o two_o rap_n apiece_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n of_o time_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o three_o quarter_n and_o then_o they_o give_v three_o stroke_n and_o rap_n apiece_o when_o the_o four_o quarter_n begin_v they_o give_v four_o and_o when_o the_o five_o quarter_n begin_v five_z and_o as_o soon_o as_o day_n break_v they_o redouble_v their_o stroke_n as_o they_o do_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o night_n so_o that_o let_v a_o man_n wake_v at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o night_n he_o shall_v know_v by_o the_o city_n signal_n what_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n it_o be_v unless_o the_o wind_n sit_v so_o as_o to_o hinder_v the_o sound_n at_o pekim_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n you_o may_v see_v drum_n and_o bell_n upon_o the_o high_a tower_n and_o in_o the_o city_n two_o other_o tower_n with_o drum_n and_o bell_n the_o city_n drum_n be_v fifteen_o public_a cubit_n diameter_n as_o be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o first_o remark_n the_o palace_n bell_n be_v as_o big_a as_o ever_o any_o that_o i_o see_v in_o portugal_n but_o the_o sound_n of_o it_o be_v so_o loud_a so_o clear_a and_o harmonious_a that_o it_o rather_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o musical_a instrument_n than_o a_o bell._n f._n athanasius_n kirker_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o sixteen_o book_n of_o musurgie_n or_o art_n of_o concord_n and_o discord_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o bell_n in_o the_o city_n of_o erfort_n under_o the_o elector_n of_o mayence_n be_v the_o big_a not_o only_o in_o europe_n but_o in_o all_o the_o world._n nevertheless_o we_o have_v see_v with_o our_o own_o eye_n and_o observe_v by_o the_o trial_n which_o we_o make_v in_o the_o year_n 1667._o that_o it_o be_v much_o less_o than_o that_o which_o the_o father_n john_n adam_n and_o ferdinand_z verbie_v get_v up_o with_o engine_n to_o the_o astonishment_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n and_o place_v in_o one_o of_o the_o tower_n of_o which_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o a_o man_n may_v be_v easy_o convince_v that_o compare_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o bell_n of_o erfort_n take_v out_o of_o father_n kirker_n book_n and_o those_o of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_n compare_v by_o f._n ferdinand_n verbiest_n after_o this_o manner_n 1._o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bell_n of_o erfort_n be_v seven_o chinese_n cubit_n and_o â—…_n 1._o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bell_n of_o pekim_n be_v twelve_o cubit_n and_o â—…_n 2._o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o bell_n of_o erfort_n towards_o the_o closure_n be_v 6_o 10_o of_o a_o cubit_n and_o 7_o 10_o of_o 1_o 10._o 2._o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o bell_n of_o pekim_n towards_o the_o closure_n be_v 9_o 10_o of_o a_o cubit_n 3._o the_o inner_a depth_n which_o f._n kirker_n call_v altitudinem_fw-la inclusae_fw-la curvaturae_fw-la be_v eight_o cubit_n and_o five_o ten_o ½_o 3._o the_o inner_a depth_n of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_n be_v twelve_o cubit_n 4._o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bell_n of_o erfort_n be_v twenty_o five_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o pound_n 4._o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bell_n of_o pekim_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n of_o brass_n this_o bell_n be_v that_o which_o be_v appoint_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o the_o watch_n or_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n and_o i_o dare_v confident_o aver_v that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a bell_n in_o europe_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n it_o be_v the_o big_a in_o the_o world._n when_o they_o strike_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o night_n the_o sound_n or_o terrible_a roar_n rather_o which_o it_o make_v be_v so_o loud_a so_o full_a and_o so_o râ—…sounding_a that_o after_o it_o have_v spread_v itself_o over_o all_o the_o city_n it_o extend_v itself_o over_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o suburb_n and_o be_v hear_v a_o great_a way_n round_o about_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o king_n of_o china_n together_o with_o this_o extraordinary_a bell_n cause_v seven_o other_o to_o be_v cast_v of_o which_o there_o be_v five_o that_o still_o lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n but_o of_o those_o five_o there_o be_v one_o that_o just_o deserve_v to_o be_v admire_v as_o be_v all_o over-covered_a with_o chinese_n character_n so_o fair_a so_o neat_a and_o so_o exact_a that_o they_o do_v not_o look_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v cast_v but_o write_v upon_o paper_n by_o some_o judicious_a and_o excellent_a writing-master_n the_o chineses_n have_v also_o find_v out_o for_o the_o regulate_a and_o divide_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o night_n a_o invention_n become_v the_o wonderful_a industry_n of_o that_o nation_n they_o beat_v to_o powder_v a_o certain_a wood_n after_o they_o have_v peel_a and_o rasp_v it_o of_o which_o they_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o past_a which_o they_o roll_v into_o rope_n and_o pastil_v of_o several_a shape_v some_o they_o make_v of_o more_o costly_a material_n as_o saunders_n eagle_n and_o other_o odoriferous_a wood_n about_o a_o finger_n length_n which_o the_o wealthy_a sort_n and_o the_o man_n of_o learning_n burn_v in_o their_o chamber_n there_o be_v other_o of_o less_o value_n one_o two_o and_o three_o cubit_n long_o and_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o goose_n quill_n which_o they_o burn_v before_o their_o pagod_n or_o idol_n these_o they_o make_v the_o same_o use_n of_o as_o of_o candle_n to_o light_v they_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o they_o make_v these_o rope_n of_o powder_a wood_n of_o a_o equal_a circumference_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o mould_v make_v on_o purpose_n then_o they_o wind_v they_o round_o at_o the_o bottom_n lessen_v the_o circle_n at_o the_o bottom_n till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v of_o a_o conic_a figure_n which_o enlarge_v itself_o at_o every_o turn_v to_o one_o two_o and_o three_o hand_n breadth_n in_o diameter_n and_o sometime_o more_o and_o this_o last_v one_o two_o and_o three_o day_n together_o according_a to_o the_o bigness_n which_o they_o allow_v it_o for_o we_o find_v some_o in_o their_o temple_n that_o last_o ten_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o day_n these_o week_n resemble_v a_o fisher_n net_n or_o a_o string_n wound_n about_o a_o cone_n which_o they_o hang_v up_o by_o the_o middle_a and_o light_n at_o the_o low_a end_n from_o whence_o the_o fire_n wind_n slow_o and_o insensible_o according_a to_o the_o wind_n of_o the_o string_n of_o powder_a wood_n upon_o which_o there_o be_v general_o five_o mark_n to_o distinguish_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o watch_n or_o night_n which_o manner_n of_o measure_v time_n be_v so_o just_a and_o certain_a that_o you_o shall_v never_o observe_v any_o considerable_a mistake_n the_o learned_a man_n traveller_n and_o all_o person_n that_o will_v rise_v at_o a_o precise_a hour_n about_o business_n hang_v a_o little_a weight_n at_o the_o mark_n which_o show_v the_o hour_n when_o they_o design_v to_o rise_v which_o when_o the_o fire_n be_v come_v to_o that_o point_n certain_o fall_v into_o a_o copper_n bason_n that_o be_v place_v underneath_o and_o wake_v they_o with_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o fall_n this_o invention_n supply_v the_o want_n of_o our_o alarm_n watch_v only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o this_o be_v so_o plain_a a_o thing_n and_o so_o cheap_a that_o one_o of_o these_o invention_n which_o will_v last_v four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n do_v not_o cost_v above_o three_o penny_n whereas_o watch_n that_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o wheel_n and_o other_o device_n be_v so_o dear_a that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v purchase_v but_o by_o those_o that_o have_v store_n of_o money_n note_n upon_o the_o eight_o chapter_n a._n
a_o stranger_n can_v not_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o language_n but_o hear_v the_o tartar_n so_o often_o call_v the_o southern_a chineses_n mangi_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n and_o not_o a_o name_n of_o reproach_n however_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o far_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n be_v quite_o different_a and_o do_v not_o both_o of_o they_o signify_v china_n i_o shall_v here_o translate_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o forty_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n by_o which_o it_o will_v evident_o appear_v that_o what_o i_o affirm_v be_v a_o constant_a and_o assure_a truth_n for_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a river_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o stream_n the_o chineses_n call_v â—…_n âm_fw-la eu_fw-fr kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o go_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n cainguiâ—…s_v â—…s_z a_o small_a city_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o river_n upon_o the_o southside_n where_o they_o gather_v ever_o year_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rice_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o cambalu_n to_o supply_v the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cam._n these_o provision_n be_v transport_v to_o catai_n by_o water_n over_o river_n and_o lake_n and_o one_o large_a and_o deep_a canal_n which_o the_o great_a cam_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o passage_n of_o vessel_n from_o one_o river_n to_o another_o and_o to_o go_v from_o the_o province_n of_o mangi_n to_o cambalu_n without_o go_v by_o sea._n this_o be_v a_o work_n of_o wonder_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o its_o length_n but_o more_o for_o the_o benefit_n which_o the_o city_n receive_v from_o it_o the_o great_a cham_n also_o cause_v to_o be_v raise_v all_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o canal_n very_o strong_a and_o spacious_a dam_n for_o traveller_n to_o walk_v upon_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o m._n paulus_n and_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o this_o great_a work_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n but_o as_o for_o caingui_n mention_v by_o that_o author_n to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v neither_o a_o town_n nor_o a_o city_n the_o chineses_n call_v it_o chim_z kiam_fw-la keu_n that_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o river_n in_o regard_n that_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n separate_v in_o that_o place_n and_o after_o it_o have_v run_v through_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_n cross_v the_o country_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la as_o far_a as_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o it_o call_v ham_n cheu_n on_o both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o mouth_n there_o be_v one_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o place_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v mâ_fw-la teû_fw-fr that_o be_v a_o place_n frequent_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o trade_n because_o the_o bark_n there_o meet_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n to_o ride_v secure_a in_o the_o night_n time_n now_o this_o place_n of_o which_o marcus_n paulus_n speak_v may_v well_o be_v call_v a_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a number_n of_o vessel_n that_o resort_v thither_o though_o it_o be_v neither_o wall_v nor_o have_v building_n enough_o to_o form_v a_o city_n now_o though_o this_o be_v perfect_o know_v by_o all_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v as_o missionary_n into_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v make_v this_o matter_n yet_o more_o evident_a to_o unfold_v some_o other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o author_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o name_n of_o so_o many_o city_n of_o which_o he_o make_v mention_n in_o his_o history_n in_o the_o twenty_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o tainfu_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v tai_n yven_v fu_n and_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v the_o capitol_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la in_o the_o 28_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o the_o same_o province_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n pim_n yam_fw-la fu_fw-la and_o which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n as_o be_v the_o most_o rich_a and_o potent_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n except_o that_o of_o sucheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankin_n in_o the_o 56th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o coiganzù_n which_o be_v call_v hoaì_n gââ—…_n fû_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o very_o rich_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v there_o make_v as_o in_o the_o territory_n round_o about_o and_o which_o be_v thence_o transport_v into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o m._n paulus_n observe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n in_o the_o 65th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o chian_a gian_n fu_o which_o be_v call_v chim_z kiam_fw-la fu_fw-la in_o his_o seventi_v chapter_n he_o describe_v the_o city_n of_o tâ—…pinxu_fw-la otherwise_o tai_n 〈◊〉_d fu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o namkim_n in_o the_o 75th_o he_o mention_n the_o city_n of_o fogiu_n otherwise_o foe_n cheu_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o foyes_n kien_n in_o the_o 76th_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o quelinfu_n which_o be_v call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o also_o report_v that_o about_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o lion_n and_o that_o he_o repeat_v several_a time_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v misinform_v in_o most_o thing_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o chinese_n never_o see_v a_o lion_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o picture_n and_o therefore_o they_o paint_v a_o lion_n quite_o another_o creature_n than_o he_o be_v for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o m._n paulus_n be_v mistake_v in_o believe_v those_o great_a and_o furious_a tiger_n which_o be_v so_o common_a in_o that_o empire_n to_o be_v lion_n and_o he_o confirm_v i_o in_o this_o persuasion_n by_o say_v in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n that_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi have_v lion_n train_v up_o to_o hunt_v the_o other_o wild_a beast_n and_o that_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o white_a black_a and_o red_a list_n or_o streak_n and_o be_v large_a than_o the_o lion_n of_o babylon_n all_o which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tiger_n or_o leopard_n which_o several_a of_o the_o prince_n of_o asia_n make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o châ—…ces_n but_o not_o at_o all_o with_o the_o description_n of_o lion_n the_o same_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o several_a other_o city_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v so_o change_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v chinesie_n that_o they_o have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o the_o language_n nevertheless_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o province_n and_o city_n which_o he_o place_n in_o catai_n and_o mangi_n belong_v all_o to_o china_n because_o they_o general_o end_v with_o the_o syllable_n fu_fw-fr which_o in_o the_o chinesie_n language_n signify_v a_o city_n for_o example_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n be_v quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la fu_fw-la quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a name_n that_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o fu_n signify_v a_o city_n as_o polis_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o so_o constantinopolis_n signify_v the_o city_n of_o constantine_n and_o adrianopolis_n the_o city_n of_o adrian_n we_o draw_v the_o second_o proof_n of_o the_o description_n which_o m._n paulus_n make_v in_o the_o sixteen_o and_o seven_o teenth_n chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o that_o he_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o what_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n and_o to_o what_o we_o shall_v describe_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o relation_n the_o third_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v drink_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o stone-coal_n which_o they_o burn_v there_o and_o be_v call_v muy_fw-es this_o coal_n be_v bring_v from_o certain_a mountain_n two_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o the_o mine_n have_v never_o fail_v notwithstanding_o that_o for_o above_o these_o four_o thousand_o year_n not_o only_o this_o city_n so_o large_a and_o populous_a but_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n have_v consume_v such_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o family_n though_o never_o so_o poor_a which_o have_v not_o a_o stove_n heat_v with_o this_o coal_n that_o last_v and_o preserve_v a_o heat_n much_o more_o violent_a than_o charcoal_n these_o stove_n be_v make_v of_o brick_n like_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n three_o or_o four_o hand_n breadth_n high_a and_o broad_a or_o
cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o city_n and_o country_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n it_o be_v now_o eighteen_o year_n since_o father_n francis_n fierrado_n vice-provincial_a of_o china_n and_o afterward_o visitor_n of_o japan_n and_o china_n order_v i_o to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o gospel_n there_o first_o begin_v to_o be_v preach_v now_o fourscore_o and_o thirteen_o year_n ago_o but_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o mission_n and_o the_o persecution_n we_o have_v undergo_v have_v hinder_v i_o from_o go_v on_o with_o it_o the_o father_n nicholas_n trigaut_n a_o fleming_n alvero_n semedo_n a_o portugese_n martini_n native_a of_o trent_n antony_n govea_n and_o ignatius_n de_fw-fr costa_n in_o their_o yearly_a relation_n have_v treat_v very_o large_o upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o beauty_n the_o grandeur_n and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o empire_n be_v such_o copious_a subject_n that_o though_o there_o have_v be_v much_o already_o write_v concern_v they_o yet_o there_o remain_v much_o more_o to_o be_v say_v wherefore_o i_o think_v it_o my_o duty_n to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o chief_a observation_n which_o i_o have_v collect_v together_o china_n be_v seat_v almost_o at_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o lie_v under_o twenty_o three_o degree_n from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o the_o fortress_n of_o caiazzo_n pim_n place_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n in_o forty_o one_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o meridional_a point_n of_o the_o island_n of_o hai_o nan_n in_o eighteen_o degree_n of_o elevation_n and_o a_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o china_n from_o north_n to_o south_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n book_n be_v five_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o li_n or_o furlong_n which_o make_v 402½_n spanish_n or_o portugal_n league_n at_o 17½_n to_o a_o degree_n 575_o french_a league_n at_o 25._o to_o a_o degree_n â—…45_n german_n at_o 15._o to_o a_o degree_n 1380_o italian_a mile_n at_o 60._o to_o a_o degree_n 5750_o li_n or_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 250._o to_o a_o degree_n from_o the_o point_n of_o nîm_n pô_o a_o seaport_n town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiam_a where_o the_o portugal_n be_v former_o wont_n to_o trade_n and_o which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n call_v leam_fw-la po_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o east_n to_o west_n it_o be_v account_v 297_o spanish_n and_o portugal_n league_n 426_o french_a league_n 255_o german_a mile_n 1020_o italian_a mile_n 4080_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o 240_o to_o a_o degree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o length_n of_o china_n where_o it_o be_v long_a you_o must_v take_v it_o from_o the_o last_o place_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n call_v caiyven_v to_o the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o yunnan_n call_v cin_n tien_n kiun_n min_fw-mi fu._n take_v it_o thus_o and_o then_o the_o long_a length_n of_o this_o empire_n will_v bâ—…_n 525_o spanish_a league_n 750_o french_a league_n 1800_o italian_a mile_n 8400_o chinese_n furlong_n at_o four_o and_o a_o half_a to_o a_o mile_n of_o italy_n the_o true_a breadth_n of_o china_n to_o take_v it_o from_o tamburlaine_n chan_n the_o most_o easterly_a place_n of_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o which_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n to_o the_o place_n call_v tum_o tim_o to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v 350_o spanish_a league_n 500_o french_a league_n 300_o german_a mile_n 1200_o italian_a mile_n 5400_o chinese_n furlong_n there_o be_v fifteen_o province_n in_o this_o empire_n which_o for_o their_o largeness_n their_o riches_n and_o fertility_n may_v well_o be_v call_v kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n rank_n in_o this_o order_n according_a to_o their_o antiquity_n and_o precedency_n pe_fw-la kim_n nan_n kim_v now_o call_v kiamm_n nân_n xansi_fw-fr xantum_fw-la hô_o nân_n xénsi_fw-fr vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la kiam_fw-la si_fw-la hù_fw-fr quam_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge foe_n kien_n quám_fw-la tumm_n quam_fw-la si_fw-la yunnan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la might_n also_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o province_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o extent_n but_o the_o chineses_n include_v it_o within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la the_o province_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v pe_n kim_v xan_n tum_fw-la nan_n kim_v vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la foe_n kien_n and_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la those_o that_o border_n upon_o foreign_a kingdom_n be_v pekim_v xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la su_n chuen_fw-ge yunnan_n quamsi_n the_o midland_n province_n be_v honan_n hu_o quam_fw-la kiamsi_fw-la quci_fw-la cheu_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o cluverius_n trust_v too_o unwary_o to_o false_a relation_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o eighteen_o province_n in_o china_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cochinchina_n for_o though_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o tum_o kim_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o china_n it_o be_v but_o for_o a_o very_a few_o year_n and_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o since_o they_o throw_v off_o that_o subjection_n there_o be_v several_a island_n also_o belong_v to_o china_n as_o the_o great_a and_o little_a lieu_fw-fr kieu_fw-fr tai_n van_n which_o the_o portuguese_n call_v formosa_fw-la where_o the_o hollander_n have_v a_o fortress_n which_o be_v wrest_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n by_o a_o chinese_n pirate_n some_o year_n since_o and_o where_o they_o lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o great_a gun_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o good_n hai_o nan_n and_o hiam_fw-la xan_n where_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o amagao_n or_o macao_n upon_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o that_o island_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o some_o inhabit_a other_o quite_o desert_n the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n be_v not_o a_o island_n adjoin_v to_o china_n as_o cluverius_n believe_v but_o a_o great_a promontory_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n extend_v itself_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v xam_n haì_n a_o island_n as_o martini_n write_v in_o his_o atlas_n and_o mark_n it_o in_o his_o map_n but_o a_o fortress_n so_o vast_a and_o so_o well_o fortify_v by_o art_n and_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v compare_v with_o the_o best_a in_o europe_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o firm_a land_n near_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la the_o place_n wall_v in_o through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o this_o empire_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o order_n the_o civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a order_n comprehend_v two_o thousand_o forty_o five_o wall_v town_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v furio_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o of_o the_o second_o order_n which_o they_o call_v cheum_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o eighty_o and_o eight_o city_n which_o they_o call_v hièn_fw-fr two_o hundred_o and_o five_o royal_a hostery_n or_o place_n of_o entertainment_n call_v you_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o court_n of_o guard_n or_o royal_a hostery_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o they_o call_v cham_n chin._n among_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o this_o empire_n i_o reckon_v several_a seat_v in_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n quei_z cheum_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la and_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge which_o however_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n nor_o yield_v he_o any_o obedience_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o particular_a and_o absolute_a prince_n these_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o steep_a rock_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v take_v a_o particular_a care_n of_o their_o fortification_n within_o which_o mountain_n lie_v field_n and_o plain_n for_o several_a day_n journey_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v city_n both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o rank_n together_o with_o many_o town_n and_o village_n the_o chineses_n call_v these_o lord_n tù_fw-fr sù_n or_o tù_fw-fr quon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v mandarin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o that_o as_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o emperor_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n so_o they_o be_v conceit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o prince_n or_o lord_n but_o such_o as_o they_o to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v that_o title_n nor_o do_v they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o land_n or_o country_n to_o those_o but_o to_o distinguish_v
his_o vain_a pleasure_n be_v so_o take_v with_o the_o queen_n contrivance_n that_o he_o appoint_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lascivious_a queen_n and_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o his_o wish_n he_o spend_v a_o whole_a year_n in_o this_o palace_n abandon_v himself_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o dishonest_a and_o voluptuous_a pleasure_n mind_v neither_o his_o court_n nor_o his_o kingdom_n and_o these_o folly_n together_o with_o several_a other_o unjust_a and_o crew_n action_n enforce_v his_o subject_n to_o revolt_v and_o choose_v in_o his_o place_n the_o emperor_n cham_fw-mi tum_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o another_o new_a family_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi the_o chinese_n destroy_v his_o new_a palace_n where_o he_o have_v perpetrate_v so_o many_o wicked_a action_n and_o abolish_v all_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n enact_v by_o that_o same_o cruel_a tyrant_n unless_o it_o be_v his_o invention_n of_o flambeaux_fw-fr and_o lantern_n which_o they_o preserve_v to_o celebrate_v the_o festival_n before_o mention_v the_o chineses_n also_o relate_v how_o that_o about_o two_o thousand_o year_n afterward_o another_o emperor_n of_o the_o ten_o royal_a family_n who_o be_v call_v tamburlaine_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v delude_v and_o govern_v by_o a_o mountebank_n of_o the_o sect_n of_o those_o that_o be_v call_v tao_n su_n who_o profession_n it_o be_v to_o cheat_v the_o people_n the_o nobility_n the_o learned_a man_n and_o even_o the_o prince_n themselves_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o chemical_a operation_n and_o their_o gorgeous_a and_o glorious_a promise_n of_o continual_a stream_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n life_n almost_o eternal_a and_o to_o empower_v they_o to_o fly_v from_o one_o mountain_n city_n or_o province_n to_o another_o in_o a_o few_o minute_n now_o than_o this_o emperor_n have_v surrender_v his_o understanding_n to_o one_o of_o these_o impostor_n or_o magician_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v a_o great_a desire_n to_o see_v the_o lantern_n in_o the_o city_n of_o yâm_n cheu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la nan_n the_o most_o curious_a and_o most_o celebrate_v over_o all_o the_o empire_n for_o their_o beauty_n their_o riches_n and_o their_o workmanship_n but_o say_v he_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o if_o i_o go_v incognito_o and_o in_o disguise_n lest_o some_o disorder_n or_o tumult_n shall_v happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n in_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n or_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o progress_n with_o a_o attendance_n and_o train_n suitable_a to_o my_o dignity_n beside_o the_o burden_n and_o charge_n that_o i_o shall_v be_v to_o the_o people_n i_o fear_v that_o all_o man_n will_v condemn_v i_o of_o folly_n and_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o so_o great_a a_o emperor_n shall_v take_v a_o journey_n so_o long_o and_o tedious_a for_o the_o divertisement_n of_o a_o few_o hour_n let_v not_o your_o majesty_n be_v disturb_v at_o that_o reply_v the_o magician_n for_o i_o promise_v your_o majesty_n that_o without_o expose_v yourself_o to_o any_o of_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o you_o have_v propound_v to_o i_o i_o will_v so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o next_o lantern_n night_n which_o be_v not_o far_o off_o you_o shall_v set_v forward_o return_v to_o your_o palace_n and_o see_v the_o lantern_n with_o all_o the_o satisfaction_n you_o can_v wish_v or_o desire_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n after_o that_o there_o appear_v in_o the_o air_n chariot_n and_o throne_n all_o of_o white_a cloud_n and_o draw_v by_o swan_n immediate_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o chariot_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o damsel_n and_o lady_n of_o honour_n together_o with_o the_o musician_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o then_o away_o fly_v the_o swan_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a swiftness_n and_o in_o a_o few_o moment_n arrive_v at_o yâm_n cheu_n which_o the_o cloud_n enlarge_n themselves_o cover_v all_o over_o and_o then_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n at_o leisure_n view_v the_o lantern_n which_o the_o people_n have_v light_v and_o to_o recompense_v they_o for_o the_o divertisement_n which_o they_o have_v give_v he_o he_o cause_v his_o musician_n to_o charm_n their_o ear_n with_o a_o consort_n of_o voice_n and_o instrument_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o he_o set_v forward_o again_o for_o his_o capital_a city_n and_o in_o the_o twinkle_v of_o a_o eye_n find_v himself_o at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n within_o a_o month_n after_o there_o come_v a_o courier_n according_a to_o custom_n with_o a_o dispatch_n by_o which_o intelligence_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n that_o upon_o a_o lantern_n night_n several_a holy_a man_n be_v see_v hover_v over_o the_o city_n of_o yâm_n cheu_n upon_o throne_n of_o cloud_n draw_v by_o swan_n and_o who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n have_v ravish_v their_o ear_n with_o a_o most_o harmonious_a musical_a consort_n of_o voice_n and_o instrument_n last_o they_o tell_v you_o that_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v a_o king_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sûm_fw-la renown_v for_o his_o noble_a quality_n and_o virtue_n more_o especial_o for_o his_o mildness_n and_o affability_n that_o this_o prince_n to_o show_v the_o affection_n which_o he_o have_v for_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n be_v wont_n every_o year_n to_o appear_v public_o in_o his_o palace_n for_o eight_o night_n together_o without_o his_o guard_n and_o all_o the_o gate_n set_v open_a and_o to_o suffer_v the_o multitude_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o all_o the_o firework_n and_o lantern_n which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o magnificent_a and_o of_o several_a form_n that_o be_v in_o the_o hall_n and_o court_n all_o the_o while_n entertain_v his_o subject_n with_o music_n befit_v the_o grandeur_n of_o a_o emperor_n that_o make_v himself_o so_o familiar_a to_o the_o whole_a assembly_n these_o be_v the_o story_n which_o the_o chineses_n recount_v touch_v the_o original_a and_o augmentation_n of_o honour_n give_v to_o the_o lantern_n festival_n so_o famous_a over_o all_o china_n upon_o which_o i_o have_v the_o long_o insist_v to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o same_o pattern_n the_o reader_n may_v judge_v what_o may_v be_v enlarge_v upon_o other_o subject_n note_n upon_o the_o six_o chapter_n a._n p._n 110._o yam_n cheu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la nan._n the_o city_n of_o yam_n cheu_n be_v seat_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o grand_a canal_n in_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la it_o be_v very_o wealthy_a eminent_a for_o trade_n and_o adorn_v with_o magnificent_a house_n build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o merchant_n themselves_o who_o be_v enrich_v by_o their_o traffic_n in_o salt_n of_o which_o there_o be_v vast_a quantity_n draw_v out_o of_o several_a salt-pit_n upon_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o city_n the_o wealth_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v exorbitant_o addict_v to_o their_o pleasure_n insomuch_o that_o several_a little_a girl_n be_v there_o breed_v up_o the_o most_o beautiful_a that_o can_v be_v find_v and_o teach_v to_o dance_n and_o sing_n and_o instruct_v in_o all_o other_o female_a allurement_n that_o may_v render_v they_o agreeable_a who_o be_v thus_o accomplish_v â—…re_o sell_v at_o dear_a rate_n for_o concubine_n to_o the_o more_o wealthy_a sort_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o they_o spare_v for_o no_o cost_n to_o divertise_v themselves_o and_o to_o render_v their_o lantern_n festival_n the_o most_o pompous_a and_o magnificent_a above_o all_o other_o in_o china_n almost_o all_o the_o relation_n mention_v this_o feast_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o author_n do_v but_o not_o with_o so_o many_o circumstance_n kiam_fw-la nan_n signify_v a_o province_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la under_o the_o chinese_n king_n this_o province_n be_v call_v nan_n kim_n as_o also_o the_o capital_a city_n belong_v to_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o court_n of_o the_o south_n as_o pekim_a be_v call_v the_o court_n of_o the_o north._n for_o then_o there_o be_v two_o court_n and_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n which_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_a do_v but_o the_o tartar_n have_v deprive_v they_o of_o their_o franchise_n and_o change_v the_o name_n of_o nan_n kim_n into_o that_o of_o kiam_fw-la nim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o repose_n of_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la which_o custom_n of_o alter_a name_n be_v very_o ancient_a in_o china_n and_o have_v also_o be_v practise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o city_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o public_a work_n and_o edifice_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o grand_a canal_n the_o public_a work_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o my_o opinion_n surpass_v in_o number_n
city_n in_o other_o place_n along_o by_o the_o wall_n it_o cross_v one_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pe-kim_n afterward_o all_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n tum_fw-la and_o after_o it_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_v discharge_v itself_o into_o that_o great_a and_o rapid_a river_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v the_o yellow_a river_n upon_o this_o river_n you_o sail_v for_o about_o two_o day_n and_o then_o you_o come_v into_o another_o where_o you_o sail_v about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o musket_n shoot_v at_o what_o time_n you_o meet_v with_o a_o canal_n which_o the_o chineses_n open_v upon_o the_o southside_n of_o this_o last_o river_n and_o which_o run_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o hoai_n ngan_v afterward_o this_o canal_n run_v through_o many_o city_n and_o town_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o yam_n cheu_o the_o most_o famous_a seaport_n town_n of_o all_o in_o the_o empire_n soon_o after_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la a_o good_a day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n kim_n certain_o this_o be_v a_o undertake_n and_o performance_n very_o great_a and_o magnificent_a nor_o be_v the_o building_n of_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o royal_a inn_n much_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o the_o raise_n of_o several_a thousand_o fortress_n and_o the_o wall_n five_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n which_o environ_v china_n be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n a._n p._n 114._o it_o be_v now_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o since_o the_o western_a tartar_n conquer_v etc._n etc._n chingis_fw-la can_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o large_a that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o his_o son_n octay_v can_v about_o the_o year_n 1220._o begin_v the_o conquest_n of_o north_n china_n set_v upon_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o have_v be_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o year_n according_a to_o the_o chronology_n of_o f._n couplet_n but_o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o china_n be_v not_o complete_v till_o the_o year_n 1220._o by_o the_o five_o emperor_n after_o ching_n be_v can_v call_v by_o our_o historian_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n cublay_n can_v or_o cobila_n the_o chinese_n who_o give_v he_o great_a encomium_n call_v he_o xi_o sum_n and_o affirm_v that_o former_o he_o be_v call_v ho_o pie_n lie_v which_o i_o believe_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o name_n of_o cublay_n or_o cobila_n corrupt_v in_o regard_n the_o chineses_n pronounce_v very_o ill_o and_o corrupt_v almost_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o our_o author_n have_v observe_v in_o his_o first_o chapter_n that_o m._n polo_n have_v corrupt_v the_o â—…artar_n name_v of_o the_o ancient_n pe_n kim_n call_v it_o can_v bâ—…lu_n instead_o of_o have_fw-mi palu_fw-fr the_o chineses_n commit_v the_o same_o mistake_v in_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o foreign_a language_n change_v letter_n and_o add_v vowel_n to_o facilitate_v pronunciation_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o the_o word_n of_o their_o language_n be_v monosyllable_n thus_o i_o have_v see_v in_o a_o manuscript_n discourse_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o perform_v divine_a service_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n which_o high_o deserve_v to_o be_v print_v that_o the_o chineses_n instead_o of_o crux_fw-la pronounce_v cuckoe_n lu_o câ—…_n instead_o of_o pronounce_v beatus_fw-la they_o say_v pe_n jâ—…_n sum_o sâ—…_n for_o baptizo_fw-la they_o cry_z pa_z pe_z ti_fw-mi so_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o bartholmeus_n pa_n ulh_v to_o lo_o meusu_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o they_o may_v have_v say_v ho_o pie_n lie_n instead_o of_o cublay_n or_o cobila_n change_v the_o c_o into_o h_n and_o the_o b_o into_o p_o so_o read_v hopili_n instead_o of_o cobili_fw-la and_o add_v e_o to_o facilitate_v the_o pronunciation_n this_o prince_n xi_o su_n or_o cubluy_fw-fr can_n it_o be_v that_o cause_v the_o grand_a canal_n to_o be_v make_v which_o the_o author_n describe_v with_o his_o usual_a exactness_n and_o which_o be_v without_o question_n one_o of_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o admirable_a undertake_n in_o the_o universe_n only_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n we_o will_v fain_o know_v whether_o these_o sluice_n be_v make_v like_o those_o in_o france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o they_o be_v make_v of_o two_o gate_n at_o a_o distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o between_o which_o the_o water_n rise_v for_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n and_o that_o of_o f._n trigant_n the_o chinese_n sluice_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o only_a a_o bâ—…re_a gate_n make_v fast_o with_o piece_n of_o wood_n let_v fall_v perpendicular_o till_o the_o overture_n be_v whole_o stop_v up_o the_o water_n be_v swell_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o draw_v up_o these_o piece_n of_o wood_n one_o after_o another_o and_o then_o cause_v the_o vessel_n to_o ascend_v or_o fall_v which_o sometime_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o sail_v for_o want_v of_o water_n in_o the_o canal_n if_o iâ—…_n be_v not_o retain_v and_o stop_v by_o this_o invention_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o convenient_a as_o a_o sluice_n with_o two_o gate_n and_o a_o hutch_n between_o both_o thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n report_v that_o the_o sluice_n in_o china_n be_v not_o open_v but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o voyage_n however_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a that_o a_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n go_v from_o one_o end_n of_o china_n to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o six_o hundred_o league_n unless_o it_o be_v one_o journey_n only_o by_o land_n between_o the_o province_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_o and_o kiamsi_n or_o between_o the_o city_n of_o nan_n hium_n and_o nan_n begin_v where_o you_o embark_v again_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o can._n upon_o which_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n make_v a_o considerable_a mistake_n in_o confound_v the_o river_n can_v with_o the_o great_a river_n kiam_fw-la which_o come_v from_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n and_o touch_v only_o the_o northern_a extremity_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n whereas_o the_o river_n can_v divide_v it_o in_o two_o run_v through_o it_o from_o south_n to_o north._n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o magnificence_n and_o great_a number_n of_o public_a work_n in_o china_n be_v not_o only_o the_o effect_n of_o vast_a charge_n and_o expense_n but_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a industry_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o do_v all_o manner_n of_o mechanic_n work_v with_o a_o far_o less_o number_n of_o tool_n and_o with_o more_o ease_n than_o we_o do_v for_o as_o in_o this_o country_n here_o be_v not_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v waste_v so_o there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n or_o woman_n young_a or_o old_a lame_a deaf_a or_o blind_a that_o have_v not_o a_o way_n to_o get_v a_o livelihood_n or_o that_o have_v not_o some_o trade_n or_o employment_n the_o chineses_n have_v a_o common_a proverb_n chumm_n qune_fw-fr uù_fw-fr y_fw-fr vo_z in_o china_n there_o be_v nothing_o throw_v away_o how_o vile_a and_o useless_a a_o thing_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v it_o have_v its_o use_n and_o may_v turn_v to_o profit_n for_o example_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n only_o there_o be_v above_o a_o thousand_o family_n who_o have_v no_o other_o trade_n to_o subsist_v on_o but_o only_o by_o sell_v of_o match_n for_o tinderbox_n and_o week_n for_o candle_n there_o be_v also_o as_o many_o that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o live_v upon_o but_o by_o pick_v up_o in_o the_o street_n and_o among_o the_o sweep_n of_o house_n rag_n of_o silk_n cotton_n and_o linnen-cloth_n piece_n of_o paper_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o wash_v &_o make_v clean_a and_o then_o sell_v to_o other_o that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o several_a trade_n their_o invention_n also_o for_o the_o carry_v of_o burden_n be_v very_o curious_a for_o they_o do_v not_o carry_v their_o burden_n by_o main_a strength_n as_o we_o do_v but_o by_o policy_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o fasten_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v to_o carry_v either_o with_o cord_n or_o hook_n or_o put_v they_o in_o basket_n or_o hamper_n and_o hang_v they_o afterward_o at_o both_o end_n of_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o wood_n make_v on_o purpose_n which_o they_o take_v up_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n equal_o poise_v so_o that_o the_o burden_n weigh_v as_o much_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o on_o the_o other_o which_o invention_n be_v a_o very_a great_a convenience_n it_o be_v most_o
p._n 121._o they_o fasten_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v etc._n etc._n this_o invention_n as_o it_o be_v describe_v be_v altogether_o like_a to_o that_o which_o the_o woman_n in_o holland_n he_o may_v have_v say_v the_o man_n in_o england_n make_v use_n of_o to_o carry_v their_o milk-pail_n about_o the_o street_n of_o which_o no_o question_n but_o that_o f._n magaillans_n be_v ignorant_a but_o it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o the_o world_n to_o carry_v a_o burden_n of_o one_o entire_a piece_n b._n p._n 123._o the_o city_n drum_n be_v fifteen_o city_n cubic_n diameter_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o first_o note_n upon_o the_o second_o chapter_n that_o the_o chinese_n cubit_n be_v a_o parisian_a foot_n as_o seven_o to_o eight_o so_o that_o these_o fifteen_o cubit_n amount_v to_o thirteen_o foot_n and_o â…›_n of_o paris_n which_o show_v we_o that_o this_o drum_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n see_v that_o by_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n this_o drum_n must_v be_v forty_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n or_o near_o seven_o fathom_n in_o compass_n c._n p._n 123._o f._n athanasius_n kircher_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o the_o bell_n of_o the_o city_n of_o erfort_n etc._n etc._n father_n kirker_n certain_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o several_a bell_n in_o europe_n big_a than_o that_o of_o erfort_n for_o to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o france_n the_o bell_n of_o rouen_n call_v george_n d'_fw-fr amboise_n weigh_v about_o forty_o thousand_o weight_n as_o the_o inscription_n upon_o it_o declare_v those_o of_o rhodez_n of_o st._n john_n of_o lion_n and_o the_o two_o which_o be_v cast_v for_o nostre_fw-fr dame_n in_o paris_n be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o that_o of_o rouen_n as_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o f._n kirker_n have_v never_o hear_v of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_a since_o he_o have_v acknowledge_v his_o error_n in_o his_o china_n illustrata_fw-la after_o f._n gruber_n have_v send_v he_o the_o extract_v of_o a_o letter_n from_o f._n ferdinand_n verbiest_n contain_v the_o description_n of_o that_o bell_n at_o pekim_a which_o f._n kirker_n have_v quote_v and_o print_v in_o his_o china_n illustrate_v neither_o have_v f._n magaillans_n ever_o see_v this_o last_o piece_n of_o f._n kirker_n as_o for_o the_o bell_n of_o pekim_n f._n ferdinand_n verbiest_n in_o his_o letter_n and_o f._n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v cast_v about_o the_o year_n 1404._o by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n chim_z sum_o otherwise_o yum_n lo_o the_o uncle_n of_o kien_fw-fr when_fw-mi ti_fw-mi &_o second_o son_n of_o humh_o vu_fw-fr who_o expel_v the_o western_a tartar_n out_o of_o china_n and_o found_v the_o royal_a family_n tai_n min_fw-mi ga_fw-mi extirpate_v this_o last_o age_n by_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n this_o emperor_n chim_z sum_z cause_v five_o of_o these_o bell_n to_o be_v cast_v every_o one_o of_o which_o weigh_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o weight_n and_o there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o then_o they_o be_v the_o big_a in_o the_o world._n but_o james_n rutenfels_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o muscovie_n which_o he_o write_v in_o latin_a affirm_v that_o there_o be_v one_o much_o big_a in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n at_o moscow_n which_o weigh_v three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n and_o that_o it_o be_v of_o that_o prodigious_a weight_n that_o no_o art_n of_o man_n can_v raise_v it_o nor_o hang_v it_o in_o the_o tower_n callâ—…d_v yvan_n velichi_fw-la at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o it_o lie_v upon_o piece_n of_o timber_n father_n rouge-mount_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n that_o f._n adam_n cause_v two_o of_o the_o bell_n at_o pekim_n to_o be_v crane_v up_o into_o a_o tower_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o chinese_n cubit_n or_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o one_o foot_n and_o ¼_n high_a by_o the_o help_n of_o two_o hundred_o workman_n only_o to_o the_o great_a astonishment_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o think_v he_o must_v have_v employ_v as_o many_o thousand_o and_o that_o two_o year_n after_o he_o cause_v a_o three_o bell_n to_o be_v crane_v up_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o with_o more_o ease_n though_o he_o employ_v no_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o young_a men._n f._n intorcetta_n observe_v in_o his_o relation_n that_o the_o bell_n of_o china_n have_v no_o clapper_n only_o they_o make_v they_o sound_v by_o strike_v with_o a_o hammer_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o skirt_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o chinese_n navigation_n be_v so_o common_a and_o so_o universal_a in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o city_n or_o town_n especial_o in_o the_o southern_a province_n that_o do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o some_o river_n some_o lake_n some_o canal_n or_o some_o navigable_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o upon_o the_o dry_a land_n which_o be_v a_o sight_n no_o less_o please_v then_o surprise_v when_o a_o stranger_n come_v to_o any_o port_n in_o the_o evening_n to_o see_v one_o city_n of_o vessel_n upon_o the_o water_n and_o another_o of_o house_n upon_o the_o land_n they_o that_o put_v off_o very_o early_o or_o come_v too_o late_o be_v force_v to_o sail_n or_o row_v for_o several_a hour_n together_o between_o vessel_n that_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o shoar_n on_o both_o side_n moreover_o there_o be_v such_o a_o trade_n at_o some_o of_o these_o port_n that_o it_o be_v half_a a_o day_n time_n and_o sometime_o more_o before_o a_o man_n can_v get_v clear_a of_o the_o vessel_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o town_n insomuch_o that_o a_o man_n may_v say_v there_o be_v two_o empire_n in_o china_n the_o one_o upon_o the_o water_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o as_o many_o venice_n as_o there_o be_v city_n for_o these_o vessel_n serve_v instead_o of_o house_n to_o they_o that_o be_v the_o master_n of_o they_o there_o they_o dress_v their_o meat_n there_o they_o be_v bear_v there_o they_o be_v breed_v and_o there_o they_o die_v there_o they_o have_v their_o dog_n and_o their_o cat_n there_o they_o breed_v their_o pig_n their_o duck_n and_o their_o goose_n their_o vessel_n be_v some_o of_o good_a burden_n other_o less_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n some_o to_o the_o mandarin_n some_o to_o the_o merchant_n and_o some_o to_o the_o people_n among_o the_o king_n bark_n those_o which_o be_v call_v so_fw-ge chuen_fw-ge be_v employ_v to_o carry_v the_o mandarin_n to_o their_o several_a government_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o back_o upon_o their_o return_v these_o be_v make_v like_o our_o caravel_n but_o high_a and_o so_o well_o paint_v especial_o the_o cabin_n where_o the_o mandarin_n lodge_v that_o they_o resemble_v building_n erect_v for_o some_o public_a solemnity_n rather_o than_o ordinary_a hoy_n those_o that_o be_v call_v leam_fw-la chuen_fw-ge that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v provision_n from_o the_o province_n to_o the_o court_n be_v about_o nine_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o i_o have_v often_o be_v inquisitive_a to_o know_v why_o they_o do_v not_o add_v one_o more_o to_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o thousand_o but_o all_o the_o inquisition_n i_o can_v make_v be_v still_o to_o no_o purpose_n till_o at_o length_n after_o several_a year_n and_o when_o i_o better_o understand_v the_o humour_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n i_o make_v a_o shrewd_a conjecture_n at_o the_o reason_n the_o number_n of_o ten_o thousand_o be_v express_v by_o two_o chinese_n letter_n only_o young_a and_o van_n which_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o either_o of_o great_a or_o magnificent_a either_o in_o write_v or_o pronunciation_n and_o by_o consequence_n deserve_v not_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o express_v the_o number_n of_o the_o emperor_n bark_n so_o that_o they_o have_v take_v one_o out_o of_o ten_o thousand_o to_o render_v the_o number_n more_o pompous_a and_o majestic_a and_o which_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o flatter_v their_o vanity_n and_o pride_n by_o say_v nine_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o nineteen_o as_o run_v most_o upon_o their_o adore_a number_n nine_o these_o vessel_n be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o the_o former_a nevertheless_o they_o have_v their_o fore-castle_n and_o quarter-deck_n and_o a_o cabin_n or_o hall_n in_o the_o middle_n like_o those_o of_o the_o mandarin_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o the_o emperor_n bark_n be_v call_v lum_n y_fw-fr chuen_fw-ge that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o vessel_n that_o bring_v the_o emperor_n habit_n his_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o tissue_n to_o the_o court._n of_o these_o there_o be_v as_o many_o as_o there_o be_v day_n in_o the_o year_n or_o
three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o for_o in_o regard_v the_o emperor_n be_v style_v the_o sun_n of_o heaven_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o appertain_v to_o he_o to_o which_o the_o chineses_n do_v not_o ascribe_v some_o relation_n to_o the_o celestial_a being_n as_o the_o heaven_n the_o sun_n the_o moon_n the_o planet_n and_o the_o star_n thus_o lum_o y_o signify_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o dragon_n for_o that_o the_o impreze_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n be_v compose_v of_o dragon_n with_o five_o claw_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n his_o habit_n and_o his_o movable_n of_o necessity_n must_v be_v adorn_v with_o dragon_n either_o in_o paint_v or_o embroidery_n so_o that_o when_o you_o say_v lum_n then_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o dragon_n or_o lum_n y_fw-fr the_o habit_n of_o the_o dragon_n all_o the_o chineses_n understand_v that_o you_o mean_v the_o emperor_n eye_n or_o the_o emperor_n garment_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n last_o there_o be_v other_o vessel_n call_v lám_n chuen_fw-ge very_o light_a and_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o other_o and_o which_o be_v almost_o as_o broad_a as_o they_o be_v long_o these_o be_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o man_n of_o learning_n and_o other_o wealthy_a person_n and_o people_n of_o quality_n that_o go_v and_o come_v to_o and_o from_o the_o court._n they_o have_v belong_v to_o they_o a_o fair_a cabin_n a_o bed_n a_o table_n and_o chair_n where_o you_o may_v sleep_v eat_v study_n write_v and_o receive_v visit_n with_o the_o same_o convenience_n as_o if_o you_o be_v at_o home_n in_o your_o house_n the_o prow_n belong_v to_o the_o mariner_n and_o waterman_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o boat_n live_v in_o the_o poop_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n where_o also_o the_o victual_n be_v dress_v for_o he_o that_o hire_v the_o bark_n these_o last_o vessel_n with_o several_a other_o of_o several_a form_n belong_v to_o particular_a person_n and_o be_v almost_o innumerable_a and_o i_o myself_o in_o the_o year_n 1656_o by_o the_o emperor_n command_n go_v by_o water_n from_o pe_n kim_v to_o macao_n upon_o the_o grand_a canal_n and_o several_a other_o river_n for_o above_o six_o hundred_o league_n without_o go_v by_o land_n but_o only_o one_o day_n journey_n to_o cross_v a_o mountain_n which_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o kiam_fw-la si_fw-la from_o 〈◊〉_d of_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la certain_o there_o be_v no_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n so_o vast_a as_o this_o be_v that_o enjoy_v the_o like_a advantage_n nevertheless_o what_o i_o be_o now_o go_v to_o relate_v will_v seem_v to_o be_v yet_o more_o incredible_a and_o indeed_o i_o shall_v hardly_o have_v believe_v it_o myself_o have_v i_o not_o see_v it_o myself_o the_o four_o of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1642._o i_o depart_v from_o the_o city_n of_o ham_n cheu_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la and_o the_o twenty_o eight_o of_o august_n of_o the_o same_o year_n i_o arrive_v at_o chim_z tu_fw-la the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge during_o these_o four_o month_n i_o make_v four_o hundred_o league_n all_o the_o way_n by_o water_n count_v the_o wind_n and_o turn_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o so_o that_o for_o a_o whole_a month_n i_o sail_v upon_o two_o different_a stream_n though_o during_o all_o the_o other_o three_o month_n i_o keep_v upon_o the_o grand_a river_n of_o kiam_fw-la which_o be_v call_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea._n during_o this_o tedious_a journey_n by_o water_n i_o meet_v with_o every_o day_n such_o vast_a quantity_n of_o timber_n tree_n tie_v one_o to_o another_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o wood_n which_o if_o they_o be_v fasten_v together_o will_v make_v a_o bridge_n of_o several_a day_n journey_n i_o sail_v by_o some_o of_o these_o that_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o shoar_n above_o a_o hour_n and_o sometime_o for_o half_a a_o day_n swim_v with_o the_o stream_n now_o the_o most_o wealthy_a merchant_n of_o china_n be_v they_o that_o trade_n in_o salt_n and_o wood_n there_o be_v no_o other_o commodity_n for_o which_o they_o have_v a_o more_o considerable_a vent_n this_o wood_n therefore_o be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o china_n to_o the_o west_n and_o after_o they_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n kiam_fw-la which_o about_o those_o part_n fall_v into_o this_o empire_n they_o see_v it_o into_o board_n and_o with_o little_a expense_n carry_v it_o into_o most_o part_n of_o the_o province_n where_o they_o make_v a_o very_a great_a profit_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o it_o the_o breadth_n of_o these_o train_n of_o timber_n be_v about_o ten_o foot_n and_o the_o length_n either_o long_o or_o short_a according_a to_o the_o merchant_n stock_n but_o the_o long_a be_v sometime_o about_o half_a a_o league_n they_o rise_v above_o the_o water_n four_o or_o five_o foot_n and_o they_o be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o take_v as_o much_o wood_n as_o 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where_o they_o stop_v during_o their_o journey_n here_o the_o merchant_n sleep_n and_o shelter_v themselves_o as_o in_o their_o house_n dress_v their_o meat_n and_o eat_v it_o and_o put_v their_o furniture_n and_o utensil_n therein_o the_o same_o merchant_n also_o bring_v from_o the_o mountain_n and_o forest_n where_o they_o cut_v their_o wood_n several_a sort_n of_o medicinal_a herb_n parrot_n monkey_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o city_n and_o other_o place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v to_o other_o merchant_n that_o vend_v they_o over_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o empire_n great_a quantity_n of_o this_o wood_n be_v bring_v to_o pekim_v though_o it_o be_v distant_a above_o seven_o hundred_o portugueze_n league_n from_o the_o mountain_n where_o the_o wood_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o thus_o a_o man_n may_v easy_o judge_v by_o what_o i_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v compare_v with_o china_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o go_v and_o trade_n by_o water_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o china_n most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o two_o fountain_n of_o trade_n be_v navigation_n and_o plenty_n in_o a_o kingdom_n store_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n china_n enjoy_v both_o these_o advantage_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o no_o kingdom_n exceed_v it_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v find_v in_o all_o the_o mountain_n be_v such_o that_o instead_o of_o coin_v it_o into_o money_n to_o buy_v necessary_n it_o be_v itself_o a_o commodity_n whence_o come_v that_o proverb_n among_o the_o chineses_n so_o often_o repeat_v at_o macao_n money_n be_v the_o blood_n but_o gold_n be_v merchandise_n as_o for_o money_n it_o be_v now_o above_o four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o year_n that_o this_o empire_n have_v last_v nor_o have_v their_o covetousness_n of_o money_n nor_o their_o industry_n to_o get_v it_o be_v less_o ancient_a so_o that_o the_o quantity_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v rammase_v together_o must_v needs_o be_v immense_a and_o incredible_a so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o whatever_o enter_v once_o be_v never_o carry_v out_o again_o in_o regard_n the_o law_n so_o strict_o forbid_v it_o you_o shall_v rare_o hear_v in_o europe_n of_o present_n make_v of_o five_o hundred_o or_o a_o thousand_o crown_n but_o in_o china_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a thing_n to_o make_v present_n not_o only_o of_o a_o thousand_o but_o ten_o twenty_o thirty_o forty_o thousand_o crown_n and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o court_n several_z million_o be_v expend_v in_o present_n and_o entertainment_n and_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v there_o every_o day_n to_o be_v see_v which_o be_v
may_v be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n in_o the_o regard_n that_o if_o we_o set_v aside_o the_o fable_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v add_v and_o of_o which_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n be_v no_o less_o guilty_a when_o they_o speak_v of_o their_o first_o founder_n the_o sequel_n of_o their_o story_n and_o the_o successive_a train_n of_o their_o king_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o of_o truth_n for_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o their_o history_n and_o chronology_n we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n in_o which_o time_n the_o descendant_n of_o noah_n may_v well_o spread_v themselves_o to_o the_o far_a end_n of_o asia_n see_v that_o within_o the_o same_o space_n they_o expanded_a themselves_o over_o all_o the_o western_a part_n of_o asia_n into_o africa_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o europe_n the_o three_o opinion_n assert_n that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n be_v yao_n who_o according_a to_o their_o chronology_n begin_v to_o reign_v four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n ago_o their_o history_n relate_v that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v both_o mathematician_n and_o astrologer_n that_o he_o cause_v great_a ditch_n and_o channel_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o drain_n away_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o grand_a deluge_n that_o till_o then_o cover_v the_o valley_n and_o the_o champaign_n ground_n this_o king_n be_v a_o prince_n illustrious_a for_o his_o virtue_n and_o his_o transcendent_a part_n and_o be_v still_o honour_a as_o one_o of_o the_o will_z sest_z and_o most_o virtuous_a prince_n of_o china_n this_o opi_fw-la nion_n pass_v for_o currant_n and_o unquestionable_a among_o the_o chinese_n and_o all_o the_o father_n that_o have_v have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n and_o insight_n into_o their_o book_n and_o history_n hold_v this_o latter_a opinion_n for_o certain_a and_o the_o second_o for_o probable_a and_o because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n call_v the_o vulgar_a it_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o fohi_n and_o yao_n must_v have_v be_v bear_v and_o reign_v before_o the_o deluge_n therefore_o we_o be_v force_v in_o this_o country_n to_o follow_v the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o which_o be_v grant_v the_o history_n of_o this_o empire_n seem_v very_o probable_a well_o trace_v and_o conformable_a not_o only_o to_o the_o egyptian_a assyrian_a greek_a and_o roman_a history_n but_o which_o be_v yet_o far_o more_o surprise_v to_o the_o chronology_n of_o sacred_a scripture_n according_a to_o the_o second_o opinion_n then_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a from_o king_n tohi_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o deluge_n to_o the_o emperor_n cam_n he_o who_o reign_v in_o the_o year_n 1668._o there_o have_v be_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o king_n divide_v into_o twenty_o two_o sidifferent_a family_n who_o have_v govern_v this_o empire_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n which_o family_n endure_v for_o a_o long_o or_o lesser_a time_n according_a as_o they_o govern_v well_o or_o ill_o and_o till_o another_o revolt_a put_v the_o king_n to_o death_n rout_v out_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o family_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o the_o beginning_n these_o rebel_n be_v either_o petty_a king_n or_o great_a lord_n but_o afterward_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v man_n of_o low_a birth_n and_o mean_a condition_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n be_v a_o person_n of_o very_a obscure_a parentage_n who_o name_n be_v chum_n he_o be_v a_o long_a time_n a_o servant_n among_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o idol_n after_o which_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o robber_n upon_o the_o highway_n afterward_o be_v banish_v he_o put_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o certain_a free_a booter_n and_o after_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prosperous_a success_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o his_o coronation_n he_o call_v himself_o hum_n vu_fw-fr or_o the_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a but_o then_o the_o learned_a flatterer_n advance_v his_o title_n and_o call_v he_o tai_n mim_n which_o signify_v a_o reign_n of_o great_a luster_n his_o posterity_n reign_v in_o china_n two_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o year_n and_o till_o the_o year_n 1643_o that_o the_o tartar_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o destroy_v the_o royal_a family_n all_o those_o that_o revolt_v pretend_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n that_o send_v they_o to_o ease_v the_o people_n oppress_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o their_o governor_n and_o this_o opinion_n or_o rather_o vision_n find_v so_o much_o credit_n in_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v so_o deep_o root_v in_o their_o mind_n as_o if_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a truth_n in_o the_o world_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o one_o among_o they_o that_o do_v not_o hope_n to_o be_v a_o emperor_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o those_o frequent_a revolt_v which_o we_o find_v in_o this_o empire_n to_o day_n in_o one_o province_n to_o morrow_n in_o another_o nay_o many_o time_n only_o in_o one_o city_n or_o in_o one_o town_n many_o time_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o miserable_a wretch_n advance_v to_o be_v a_o king_n sometime_o by_o a_o troop_n of_o fifty_o bandity_n sometime_o by_o a_o hundred_o or_o two_o hundred_o peasant_n but_o more_o frequent_o by_o a_o certain_a sect_n of_o idolater_n who_o make_v a_o profession_n of_o create_v new_a king_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a government_n in_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v the_o comedy_n or_o rather_o tragedy_n which_o be_v act_v every_o day_n upon_o the_o theatre_n of_o this_o empire_n for_o he_o that_o but_o to_o day_n be_v but_o a_o ignominious_a robber_n and_o under_o that_o notion_n both_o dread_v and_o hate_v let_v he_o but_o shift_v his_o habit_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o crown_n the_o robe_n and_o ornament_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o same_o man_n to_o morrow_n shall_v be_v belove_v and_o respect_v by_o all_o the_o world_n and_o though_o he_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o vile_a and_o abject_a birth_n they_o shall_v present_o call_v he_o the_o son_n of_o heaven_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o that_o the_o chinese_n as_o we_o have_v say_v call_v their_o kingdom_n tien_n hia_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o which_o be_v under_o the_o heaven_n or_o su_n hai_fw-fr chinun_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v between_o the_o four_o sea_n title_n conformable_a to_o their_o pride_n and_o their_o ignorance_n and_o to_o their_o scorn_n of_o stranger_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n among_o they_o to_o call_v a_o man_n master_n of_o all_o that_o be_v under_o the_o heaven_n or_o between_o the_o four_o sea_n as_o to_o call_v he_o king_n of_o china_n the_o chineses_n give_v their_o emperor_n several_a losty_a and_o magnificent_a title_n for_o example_n they_o call_v he_o tien_n hu_o son_n of_o heaven_n xim_o tien_n hu_o holy_a son_n of_o heaven_n hoam_o ti_o august_n and_o great_a emperor_n xim_o xoam_n holy_a emperor_n hoam_n xam_n august_n sovereign_a xim_o kium_n holy_a prince_n xim_o xam_n holy_a sovereignty_n que_fw-fr chu_n lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chaos_n tim_n palace_n royal_a van_n svi_fw-la ten_o thousand_o year_n with_o several_a other_o title_n full_a of_o grandeur_n and_o majesty_n which_o i_o omit_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v tedious_a so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o say_v son_n of_o heaven_n or_o ten_o thousand_o year_n or_o palace_n royal_a as_o to_o say_v king_n or_o emperor_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o idle_a flattery_n this_o prince_n be_v far_o from_o be_v so_o vain_a as_o the_o king_n of_o monomotopa_fw-mi who_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o command_v the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o star_n or_o so_o ambitious_o politic_a as_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o great_a river_n that_o cross_v his_o country_n overflow_v its_o bank_n every_o year_n at_o a_o certain_a season_n and_o that_o it_o return_v again_o by_o degree_n within_o a_o certain_a time_n march_v forth_o in_o great_a pomp_n out_o of_o his_o palace_n to_o command_v the_o water_n to_o retire_v and_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o sea._n for_o though_o the_o chineses_n give_v these_o great_a title_n to_o their_o king_n and_o though_o he_o suffer_v they_o yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o they_o at_o least_o the_o learned_a and_o more_o prudent_a sort_n be_v so_o
a_o hundred_o idle_a story_n of_o this_o dragon_n and_o this_o bridge_n which_o i_o omit_v as_o not_o become_a this_o relation_n this_o palace_n take_v up_o in_o length_n two_o furlong_n of_o china_n or_o half_o a_o italian_a mile_n the_o second_o be_v call_v hien_n yam_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o rise_n sun._n a_o structure_n beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a for_o the_o architecture_n and_o environ_v with_o nine_o very_a high_a tower_n all_o of_o different_a workmanship_n these_o nine_o tower_n signify_v the_o first_o nine_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v very_o great_a holiday_n especial_o the_o nine_o among_o the_o chinese_n they_o marry_v their_o child_n during_o these_o holiday_n and_o among_o the_o several_a dish_n of_o the_o feast_n they_o never_o fail_v of_o one_o which_o represent_v the_o tower_n with_o nine_o story_n every_o one_o of_o which_o answer_v to_o one_o of_o the_o nine_o day_n for_o say_v they_o the_o number_n of_o nine_o include_v within_o itself_o those_o property_n which_o make_v it_o more_o excellent_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o number_n and_o render_v it_o fortunate_a by_o the_o augmentation_n of_o life_n honour_n and_o riches_n for_o this_o reason_n all_o the_o chineses_n rich_a and_o poor_a get_v up_o that_o day_n upon_o terrace_n and_o tower_n in_o the_o city_n and_o in_o the_o country_n upon_o mountain_n and_o hill_n or_o at_o least_o upon_o dam_n and_o other_o high_a raise_v place_n where_o they_o feast_v with_o their_o relation_n and_o friend_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o king_n of_o china_n seldom_o go_v out_o of_o their_o palace_n they_o cause_v these_o nine_o tower_n to_o be_v build_v that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o they_o they_o may_v celebrate_v this_o festival_n so_o general_o solemnize_v over_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o three_o palace_n be_v call_v van_n xeu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o ten_o thousand_o life_n now_o you_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o king_n kia_n cim_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o king_n neat_a and_o precious_a begin_v his_o reign_n this_o prince_n maintain_v peace_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o in_o regard_n he_o be_v flexible_a and_o superstitious_a one_o of_o the_o marry_a bonze_n beguile_v his_o credulity_n and_o make_v he_o believe_v that_o he_o will_v so_o order_v it_o that_o he_o shall_v live_v eternal_o or_o at_o least_o for_o several_a age_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o chemistry_n to_o bring_v this_o to_o pass_v he_o advise_v he_o to_o build_v this_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n which_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v it_o be_v very_o true_a it_o be_v less_o than_o the_o rest_n but_o what_o it_o want_v in_o bigness_n it_o have_v in_o beauty_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o a_o high_a wall_n with_o battlement_n and_o perfect_o round_a all_o the_o hall_n and_o chamber_n a_o so_o be_v round_o hexagon_n or_o octagon_n and_o the_o architecture_n be_v most_o beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a hither_o than_o the_o king_n retire_v to_o distil_v the_o water_n of_o immortality_n but_o his_o toil_n and_o pain_n be_v recompense_v with_o a_o success_n quite_o contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n for_o that_o instead_o of_o prolong_v they_o shorten_v his_o life_n for_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o furnace_n have_v dry_v up_o his_o bowel_n he_o fall_v sick_a in_o a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n after_o and_o die_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v five_o and_o forty_o year_n the_o emperor_n van_n lie_v his_o grandchild_n reign_v eight_o and_o forty_o and_o both_o their_o reign_n be_v remarkable_a as_o well_o for_o the_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n which_o the_o people_n enjoy_v all_o that_o time_n as_o for_o that_o the_o apostle_n of_o the_o indian_n the_o holy_a francis_n xavier_n arrive_v in_o china_n and_o die_v upon_o the_o frontier_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o kia_n cim_o a_o little_a before_o the_o portuguese_n build_v the_o city_n of_o macao_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o 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it_o and_o it_o be_v all_o make_v of_o serpentine_a stone_n wrought_v with_o wonderful_a curiosity_n the_o security_n to_o lean_v upon_o on_o both_o side_n be_v make_v of_o table_n of_o marble_n and_o pillar_n range_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a symmetry_n at_o the_o two_o extreme_n it_o be_v broad_a than_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ascent_n but_o when_o you_o be_v up_o you_o find_v it_o as_o flat_a and_o level_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v lay_v with_o a_o line_n in_o that_o part_n there_o be_v a_o very_a large_a and_o high_a column_n rear_v upon_o a_o tortoise_n of_o marble_n with_o a_o huge_a lion_n near_o the_o base_a and_o another_o above_o over_o against_o this_o there_o be_v another_o very_a fair_a column_n with_o a_o lion_n distant_a about_o one_o pace_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o former_a the_o column_n of_o support_n that_o serve_v for_o rail_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o space_n between_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o table_n of_o 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hoen_n ho_o or_o the_o muddy_a river_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o rapidness_n of_o its_o stream_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o a_o world_n of_o earth_n that_o render_v it_o all_o the_o year_n long_o thick_a and_o muddy_a he_o say_v that_o this_o bridge_n have_v four_o and_o twenty_o arch_n whereas_o it_o have_v but_o thirteen_o and_o that_o several_a vessel_n sail_v upon_o this_o river_n which_o be_v impossible_a for_o though_o it_o be_v very_o well_o fill_v with_o water_n it_o be_v not_o navigable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o fall_n wind_n and_o rock_n of_o which_o it_o be_v full_a but_o that_o which_o carry_v m._n paulus_n into_o these_o mistake_v be_v this_o that_o about_o three_o league_n far_o towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v another_o river_n and_o another_o bridge_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o arch_n of_o which_o there_o be_v five_o in_o the_o middle_n vault_v the_o rest_n be_v flat_a and_o cover_v with_o long_a and_o very_a broad_a table_n of_o marble_n very_o well_o wrought_v and_o cut_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o bridge_n the_o column_n be_v to_o be_v see_v of_o which_o m._n paulus_n speak_v in_o his_o description_n the_o river_n be_v call_v cieu_o li_n hô_o or_o the_o river_n of_o glass_n because_o it_o be_v clear_a quiet_a and_o navigable_a and_o thus_o you_o see_v the_o author_n mistake_v one_o bridge_n for_o the_o other_o the_o first_o be_v the_o fair_a in_o china_n and_o perhaps_o the_o fair_a in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o workmanship_n and_o the_o material_n of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v it_o be_v all_o of_o white_a marble_n very_o fine_a and_o well_o wrought_v according_a to_o the_o perfect_a rule_n of_o architecture_n on_o the_o side_n stand_v a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o pillar_n of_o support_n allow_v seventy_o to_o each_o side_n they_o be_v a_o pace_n and_o a_o half_a distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o space_n between_o fill_v up_o with_o square_a pane_n of_o marble_n carve_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o flower_n fruitage_n bird_n and_o other_o creature_n a_o piece_n of_o workmanship_n no_o less_o magnificent_a then_o perfect_a and_o to_o be_v admire_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bridge_n towards_o the_o east_n there_o be_v two_o fair_a pedestal_n raise_v high_a and_o cover_v with_o table_n of_o marble_n upon_o which_o be_v two_o lion_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a size_n and_o carve_v as_o the_o chineses_n represent_v they_o between_o the_o leg_n upon_o the_o back_n side_n and_o breast_n of_o these_o figure_n be_v cut_v in_o the_o same_o marble_n several_a young_a lion_n in_o several_a posture_n some_o slight_o fasten_v to_o the_o lion_n some_o rampant_a other_o couchant_a some_o descend_v some_o ascend_v with_o a_o surprise_v beauty_n and_o delicacy_n at_o the_o other_o end_n towards_o the_o west_n be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o two_o pedestal_n two_o elephant_n both_o of_o the_o same_o marble_n wrought_v with_o as_o much_o art_n and_o perfection_n as_o the_o lion_n m._n paulus_n forget_v to_o make_v mention_n either_o of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o unless_o perhaps_o they_o may_v be_v add_v afterward_o however_o the_o chineses_n aver_v that_o this_o bridge_n be_v build_v two_o thousand_o year_n ago_o without_o have_v sustain_v the_o least_o damage_n in_o all_o that_o time_n till_o our_o day_n but_o upon_o the_o vigil_n of_o st._n laurence_n day_n in_o the_o year_n 1668._o after_o a_o extraordinary_a drought_n which_o have_v last_v all_o that_o year_n it_o begin_v to_o rain_v and_o the_o rain_n continue_v day_n and_o night_n till_o the_o sixteen_o of_o august_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n as_o if_o whole_a river_n have_v pour_v down_o from_o heaven_n the_o seventeen_o of_o august_n about_o eight_o of_o the_o
clock_n in_o the_o morning_n of_o a_o sudden_a there_o come_v a_o deluge_n that_o overflow_v the_o new_a city_n the_o suburb_n and_o the_o plane_n adjoin_v present_o they_o shut_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n and_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o hole_n and_o cleft_n with_o chalk_n and_o bitumen_n mingle_v together_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o new_a city_n be_v overturn_v and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o poor_a creature_n especial_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n and_o house_n of_o pleasure_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o inundation_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o the_o neighbour_a city_n all_o the_o people_n flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o high_a place_n or_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o several_a confound_v with_o their_o fear_n or_o faint_v for_o want_n of_o food_n drop_v down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o miserable_o perish_v in_o other_o province_n their_o happen_v accident_n and_o calamity_n yet_o more_o strange_a occasion_v by_o dreadful_a earthquake_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n to_o punish_v those_o insidel_n for_o the_o persecution_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n never_o be_v â—…en_o the_o like_a consternation_n in_o that_o court_n where_o all_o man_n be_v reduce_v to_o utmost_a despair_n not_o be_v able_a to_o divine_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o deluge_n at_o last_o the_o king_n have_v send_v out_o certain_a people_n upon_o raft_n of_o timber_n for_o they_o have_v no_o boat_n at_o pekim_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n they_o find_v that_o the_o trouble_a river_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v break_v down_o the_o dam_n and_o make_v itself_o a_o new_a channel_n across_o the_o field_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o amaze_a fear_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n the_o same_o fury_n of_o the_o inundation_n carry_v away_o several_a rock_n which_o knock_v against_o the_o pile_n of_o the_o famous_a bridge_n shake_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o break_v down_o two_o of_o the_o arch_n the_o five_o proof_n be_v that_o m._n paulus_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n speak_v of_o that_o great_a river_n which_o the_o tartar_n call_v caramoran_n and_o the_o chinese_n hoâm_n hô_o or_o the_o yellow_a river_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o slimy_a mud_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o make_v the_o water_n to_o look_v of_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o another_o river_n which_o he_o call_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n o_o kiam_fw-la or_o the_o great_a river_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o call_v yam_n cu_z kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea._n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n describe_v the_o city_n which_o he_o call_v kimsai_n and_o which_o erroneous_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o heaven_n though_o the_o word_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o signify_v a_o court_n he_o report_v several_a particular_n concern_v it_o for_o example_n that_o the_o city_n be_v seat_v between_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o a_o great_a river_n and_o that_o round_a about_o the_o lake_n be_v to_o be_v see_v several_a palace_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o divers_a temple_n of_o the_o bonze_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o true_a only_o that_o he_o stretch_v too_o far_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o circuit_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o rather_o a_o poet_n then_o a_o historian_n however_o it_o be_v the_o description_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o city_n and_o palace_n of_o cambalu_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o part_n of_o china_n and_o that_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o mangi_n be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n for_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n be_v entire_o conformable_a to_o what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v yet_o if_o m._n paulus_n have_v understand_v the_o chinese_n language_n as_o he_o say_v he_o understand_v that_o of_o the_o tartar_n he_o have_v with_o more_o exactness_n set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o other_o particular_n which_o he_o report_v concern_v that_o empire_n but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n he_o shall_v so_o often_o corrupt_a the_o name_n since_o we_o ourselves_o who_o upon_o our_o first_o arrival_n apply_v ourselves_o with_o all_o the_o industry_n imaginable_a to_o understand_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n after_o the_o study_n of_o several_a year_n be_v frequent_o deceive_v and_o quite_o mistake_v some_o part_n of_o the_o word_n so_o that_o we_o must_v not_o be_v surprise_v if_o a_o knight_n who_o only_o mind_v his_o military_a design_n and_o to_o court_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi and_o only_o converse_v with_o the_o tartar_n who_o for_o want_v of_o politeness_n be_v the_o great_a corrupter_n of_o word_n above_o other_o nation_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o same_o inconuènience_n for_o he_o have_v corrupt_v name_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o among_o we_o who_o have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o empire_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o meaning_n of_o many_o of_o he_o mistake_v nevertheless_o by_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o his_o relation_n we_o at_o length_n find_v out_o what_o he_o intend_v father_n martin_n martini_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n as_o witty_a and_o ingenious_a as_o he_o be_v can_v not_o exempt_v himself_o from_o commit_v the_o like_a error_n insomuch_o that_o we_o who_o have_v reside_v in_o this_o empire_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o person_n and_o the_o place_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v especial_o in_o the_o name_n that_o ought_v to_o terminate_v in_o m_n and_o which_o he_o always_o end_v in_o ng._n for_o example_n instead_o of_o say_n pekim_n nankim_n chekîam_n yûmlie_o cûmchîm_n he_o always_o write_v peking_n nank_v chekiang_n yeunglie_o cungch_v wherein_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v deceive_v because_o that_o manner_n of_o writing_n do_v no_o way_n correspond_v with_o the_o chinese_n pronunciation_n which_o answer_v to_o that_o of_o our_o m._n and_o not_o of_o ng_z nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o say_v that_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i'm_n open_a with_o a_o soft_a production_n of_o the_o sound_n almost_o like_o ng_z because_o they_o express_v it_o somewhat_o through_o the_o nose_n for_o that_o the_o letter_n m_o whether_o pronunce_v open_a or_o close_o have_v always_o a_o much_o great_a correspondence_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o latin_a pronunciation_n than_o the_o letter_n ng._n so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i_o be_o final_a open_a rather_o like_a in_o or_o en_fw-fr then_o in_o or_o em._n so_o that_o indeed_o this_o reason_n may_v have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n pardonable_a have_v the_o father_n write_v in_o high-dutch_a or_o only_o to_o the_o german_n but_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o europe_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v conform_v to_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o common_a pronunciation_n philip_n cluverius_n in_o his_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o sixty_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n wâ—…re_v the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n or_o the_o king_n of_o china_n he_o also_o with_o good_a reason_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o hyperbole_n which_o m._n polo_n make_v we_o in_o describe_v the_o say_a city_n of_o kimsai_n for_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o difficulty_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o instead_o of_o kimsai_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v write_v kimsu_n the_o master_n court._n for_o that_o kim_n signify_v a_o court_n and_o sum_z a_o master_n the_o court_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n kimsai_n then_o or_o kimsu_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sum_n who_o the_o western_a tartar_n despoil_v of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n polo_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o nankim_n and_o
care_n of_o his_o education_n which_o happen_v according_o that_o this_o child_n become_v a_o man_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a valour_n and_o that_o his_o son_n and_o grand_a child_n rule_v this_o country_n but_o that_o in_o the_o five_o generation_n the_o people_n rebel_v against_o this_o family_n which_o they_o defeat_v and_o exterminate_v all_o but_o one_o who_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n this_o prince_n be_v close_o pursue_v and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o run_v any_o far_a sit_v himself_o down_o upon_o the_o ground_n despair_v to_o save_v his_o life_n at_o what_o time_n a_o magpie_n come_v and_o perch_v upon_o his_o head_n and_o delude_v his_o enemy_n who_o take_v he_o for_o the_o stump_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o not_o for_o a_o man._n and_o thus_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v as_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o thus_o far_o the_o relation_n be_v altogether_o fabulous_a and_o clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o original_a of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v very_o obscure_a and_o have_v nothing_o of_o illustrious_a or_o renown_a that_o which_o follow_v be_v certain_a and_o unquestionable_a in_o regard_v the_o person_n such_o as_o he_o be_v live_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n and_o make_v himself_o sufficient_o know_v by_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o the_o chinese_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n who_o the_o chinese_n mandarin_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v murder_v and_o of_o other_o outrage_n commit_v against_o his_o nation_n father_n adam_n say_v that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o moncheu_o which_o father_n martini_n take_v for_o a_o great_a city_n the_o emperor_n van-liè_a give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o that_o same_o valley_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v defend_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o oriental_a tartar_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o seven_o small_a principality_n he_o be_v call_v tiel_n mini_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1628._o his_o son_n a_o person_n of_o more_o wisdom_n and_o moderation_n continue_v the_o war_n till_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o cumtè_fw-fr his_o son_n in_o some_o measure_n complete_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o die_v before_o he_o obtain_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1644._o his_o son_n xunchi_fw-la at_o the_o age_n of_o six_o year_n be_v acknowledge_v emperor_n at_o pekim_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1662._o leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n camtri_n the_o monarch_n reign_v at_o present_a this_o catalogue_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n of_o father_n adam_n confirm_v by_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n by_o father_n rouge-mount_n in_o his_o historia_n tartaro-sinica_a and_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o hollander_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o father_n magaillans_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o justify_v himself_o for_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v neither_o any_o king_n nor_o any_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o king_n see_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o this_o age_n that_o their_o prince_n have_v derive_v their_o original_a from_o a_o petty_a captain_n of_o a_o hord_n or_o chief_a leader_n of_o banditi_n or_o wander_a tartar_n here_o we_o be_v far_a to_o observe_v that_o tartary_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o northern_a asia_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o chinese_n into_o western_a and_o eastern_a the_o inhabitant_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n night-wanderer_n with_o their_o flock_n and_o herd_n and_o live_v in_o tent_n but_o the_o western_a be_v incomparable_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o eastern_a in_o regard_n they_o possess_v all_o that_o country_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o country_n of_o the_o mogul_n the_o persian_a and_o the_o muscovite_n all_o which_o they_o possess_v entire_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o saint_n lewis_n the_o eastern_a tartary_n reach_v from_o the_o country_n of_o leaotûm_fw-la beyond_o japon_n and_o comprehend_v the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr to_o the_o north_n of_o corea_n the_o province_n of_o niulhan_n to_o the_o north_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr that_o of_o yupi_n to_o the_o east_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr and_o the_o country_n of_o yâ—…co_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o japon_n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o yupi_n but_o these_o country_n be_v poor_a and_o ill_o people_v there_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o little_a city_n in_o they_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v barren_a uncultivated_a and_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o mountain_n verbiest_n nevertheless_o these_o tartar_n be_v not_o a_o little_a formidable_a when_o they_o be_v unite_v as_o be_v harden_v to_o labour_n in_o a_o rigorous_a climate_n and_o almost_o always_o ahorleback_n and_o employ_v in_o hunt_v or_o busy_v in_o war._n they_o make_v themselves_o know_v by_o their_o incursion_n into_o china_n above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o age_n after_o the_o incarnation_n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n pekim_n xensi_fw-la xansi_fw-la and_o xantum_fw-la but_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reign_v in_o china_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v master_n of_o all_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n that_o they_o be_v not_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o niuchè_fw-fr where_o as_o have_v be_v say_v there_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o destinct_a sovereign_n and_o father_n adam_n observe_v that_o tienâ—…um_n great_a grand_a father_n to_o the_o emperor_n reign_v at_o present_a when_o he_o enter_v into_o china_n have_v not_o above_o eight_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v soon_o increase_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n and_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n which_o the_o fame_n of_o his_o victory_n and_o the_o noise_n of_o prodigious_a booty_n draw_v to_o his_o assistance_n p._n 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o chahamalaha_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v mahometan_n and_o which_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o name_n of_o chahamalaha_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o very_o believe_v in_o any_o map_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o relation_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v by_o what_o our_o author_n say_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o place_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v samahania_n and_o which_o as_o he_o do_v i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n or_o of_o mauralnara_n of_o which_o samarcand_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n for_o that_o we_o know_v not_o of_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o mahometan_n to_o the_o west_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o there_o be_v several_a considerable_a city_n palace_n and_o house_n artificial_o build_v and_o good_a architecture_n store_n of_o gold_n and_o silver-plate_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o chineses_n allow_v the_o country_n of_o samahania_n or_o samahan_n by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n martini_n nor_o must_v we_o be_v surprise_v that_o the_o chineses_n assure_v we_o that_o this_o kingdom_n border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la for_o that_o they_o never_o travel_v towards_o the_o west_n nor_o have_v any_o other_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n situate_v westward_o than_o what_o they_o learn_v from_o the_o information_n of_o the_o caravan_n that_o come_v once_o in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o trade_n in_o china_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n for_o the_o merchant_n make_v use_v of_o that_o invention_n to_o get_v leave_n to_o enter_v into_o china_n which_o will_v be_v otherwise_o deny_v they_o they_o rendezvous_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o travel_n of_o benedict_n goez_n insert_v into_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigaut_n but_o former_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o tamerlan_n who_o make_v samarcand_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o world_n they_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o that_o city_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o those_o merchant_n to_o give_v themselves_o the_o great_a reputation_n assume_v to_o themselves_o to_o be_v all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samarcand_n and_o that_o the_o chinese_n who_o want_v the_o letter_n r_o and_o easy_o confound_v c._n with_o h_n write_v samahand_o instead_o of_o samarcand_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o the_o chineses_n observe_v the_o merchant_n arrive_v à _fw-la sucheu_fw-la the_o last_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o style_v themselves_o all_o native_n of_o samahan_n or_o samarcand_n may_v ready_o believe_v that_o samahan_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la p._n 3._o usanguè_fw-fr this_o must_v certain_o be_v the_o same_o country_n which_o father_n martini_n call_v usucang_v and_o which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v sifan_n situate_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o province_n
of_o suchuen_n the_o relation_n of_o father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n call_v it_o also_o the_o country_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o china_n p._n 3._o father_n antony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n etc._n etc._n father_n anthony_n de_fw-fr andrada_n travel_v twice_o into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n the_o relation_n of_o his_o second_o travel_n in_o the_o year_n 1624._o with_o father_n concalo_fw-la de_fw-fr sousa_n which_o be_v print_v at_o lisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o speak_v very_o clear_o of_o china_n for_o there_o we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o twenty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ussanguè_fw-fr or_o ussang_n and_o that_o ussang_n be_v not_o above_o forty_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o caparange_n where_o the_o king_n of_o tibet_n keep_v his_o court_n and_o where_o those_o father_n arrive_v from_o agra_n in_o less_o than_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a pass_v through_o sirinagar_n as_o for_o catai_n in_o regard_n the_o people_n of_o tibet_n be_v very_o ignorant_a they_o speak_v of_o it_o very_o confuse_o to_o father_n andrada_n to_o who_o they_o assert_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o great_a city_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o by_o that_o relation_n and_o by_o the_o atlas_n of_o father_n martini_n who_o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o not_o to_o the_o north_n where_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o map_n place_v it_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o father_n benedict_n goez_n in_o his_o travel_n which_o he_o make_v always_o to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o usbeg_n travel_v continual_o eastward_o as_o far_o as_o china_n p._n 5._o the_o tartarian_a alphabet_n which_o we_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o due_a place_n father_n magaillans_n not_o be_v able_a to_o perfect_v his_o work_n have_v not_o give_v we_o this_o tartarian_a alphabet_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o grammar_n make_v by_o father_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr verbiest_n which_o will_v sudden_o be_v print_v at_o paris_n p._n 6._o mangi_n or_o mantzu_n barbarian_n father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n in_o his_o letter_n write_v from_o china_n 1598._o and_o print_v in_o latin_a at_o mayence_n in_o 1601._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o chineses_n call_v those_o of_o the_o province_n of_o quamtum_fw-la mangi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v barbarian_n manginos_n that_o be_v barbarous_a people_n which_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o father_n magaillans_n p._n 10._o stone-coal_n and_o stove_n of_o china_n almost_o all_o author_n that_o speak_v of_o china_n agree_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n the_o cold_a be_v much_o more_z intense_a than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v the_o climate_n and_o situation_n under_o the_o forty_o or_o forty_o second_o degree_n they_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o stove_n which_o be_v very_o common_a and_o build_v all_o alike_o in_o all_o those_o northern_a province_n see_v the_o relation_n of_o father_n trigant_n l._n 4._o c_o 3_o father_n semedo_n part_n 1._o c._n 3._o and_o father_n martini_n atlas_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la and_o pekim_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o two_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o they_o dig_v their_o coal_n be_v very_o near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o pimko_n and_o be_v call_v kie_fw-mi and_o siu_n vu_fw-fr p._n 12._o that_o which_o cause_v m._n polo_n to_o commit_v these_o mistake_v be_v this_o that_o three_o league_n etc._n etc._n father_n martini_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n confirm_v this_o conjecture_n in_o these_o word_n the_o river_n lu._n keu_o which_o be_v also_o call_v sangean_o pass_v to_o the_o south-west_n of_o the_o royal_a city_n you_o cross_v over_o a_o stately_a bridge_n where_o a_o man_n may_v count_v several_a arch_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o river_n that_o run_v to_o the_o west_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o bridge_n build_v over_o it_o and_o that_o this_o be_v that_o of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_v for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o name_n of_o sangean_n which_o father_n martini_n give_v it_o and_o that_o of_o sangean_n or_o buli_n sangan_n as_o m._n polo_n call_v it_o father_n greslon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n l._n 3._o c._n 8._o speak_v of_o a_o eastern_a bridge_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n there_o be_v a_o bridge_n of_o a_o admirable_a structure_n above_o three_o hundred_o pace_n in_o length_n of_o which_o two_o arch_n be_v break_v and_o father_n magaillans_n tell_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o those_o two_o arch_n the_o nine_o of_o august_n 1668._o to_o which_o father_n greslon_n add_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n fall_v the_o 26._o of_o the_o month_n of_o aug._n the_o same_o year_n he_o say_v moreover_o that_o it_o be_v call_v lo-co-kaio_a that_o it_o have_v be_v build_v a_o thousand_o year_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o six_o league_n from_o pekim_n the_o father_n rouge-mount_n and_o intorcetta_n in_o their_o relation_n confirm_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bridge_n the_o 26_o of_o august_n 1668._o three_o thousand_o year_n after_o it_o be_v first_o lay_v and_o the_o first_o of_o those_o father_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o bridge_n be_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n in_o length_n p._n 15._o these_o reason_n of_o father_n magaillans_n be_v so_o much_o the_o strong_a because_o his_o opinion_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o those_o that_o have_v write_v concern_v china_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o as_o father_n adam_n a_o german_a father_n greslon_n a_o frenchman_n father_n semedo_n a_o italian_a father_n rouge-mount_n a_o fleming_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o that_o father_n martini_n have_v not_o be_v follow_v by_o any_o but_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o embassy_n who_o have_v either_o copy_v or_o borrow_v from_o father_n martini_n all_o that_o he_o speak_v concern_v china_n except_o the_o gest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n from_o camtum_fw-la to_o pekim_n and_o their_o negotiation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n the_o one_o have_v imitate_v the_o other_o in_o his_o orthography_n father_n greslon_n also_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o relation_n prove_v against_o father_n martini_n that_o the_o chinese_n word_n ought_v to_o be_v pronounce_v as_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o p._n 16._o we_o can_v add_v several_a other_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o catai_n be_v no_o other_o than_o china_n deduce_v from_o the_o silk_n many_o fruit_n plant_n and_o animal_n which_o according_a to_o m._n polo_n breed_v and_o grow_v in_o china_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o tartary_n but_o this_o have_v be_v so_o often_o bandy_v about_o for_o these_o hundred_o year_n and_o all_o author_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a have_v prove_v it_o by_o so_o many_o different_a argument_n beside_o what_o our_o author_n allege_v that_o it_o will_v be_v but_o time_n ill_o spend_v to_o labour_v any_o more_o about_o it_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v no_o person_n now_o that_o question_n or_o can_v doubt_v of_o it_o unless_o he_o will_v be_v wilful_o blind_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o man_n may_v former_o be_v delude_v be_v this_o because_o that_o when_o the_o western_a tartar_n undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o china_n there_o be_v two_o emperor_n the_o one_o be_v the_o real_a chinese_n emperor_n of_o the_o family_n sum_n who_o possess_v the_o twelve_o southern_a province_n the_o other_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o possess_v the_o three_o northern_a province_n the_o country_n of_o leaotum_n and_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n these_o two_o emperor_n be_v vanquish_v one_o after_o the_o other_o and_o their_o kingdom_n subdue_v between_o the_o year_n 1225._o and_o 1280._o this_o be_v grant_v it_o may_v be_v ready_o apprehend_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v for_o the_o oriental_a author_n and_o such_o as_o have_v hear_v talk_n of_o those_o conquest_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o real_a emperor_n of_o china_n be_v master_n of_o all_o china_n as_o now_o we_o know_v it_o and_o that_o the_o other_o emperor_n of_o the_o family_n tai-kin_n who_o empire_n be_v more_o northerly_a live_v in_o tartary_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n where_o for_o that_o reason_n our_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v place_v
the_o king_n a_o great_a revenue_n and_o if_o the_o general_a visitor_n great_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o spoil_n and_o robbery_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o people_n these_o latter_a commit_v much_o great_a robbery_n upon_o the_o farmer_n who_o distribute_v the_o salt_n into_o the_o province_n and_o who_o be_v the_o rich_a man_n in_o china_n as_o be_v common_o worth_a four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o man._n the_o three_o visitation_n be_v call_v siao_n chai_n or_o the_o petty_a visit_n this_o visitation_n be_v make_v every_o three_o month_n by_o send_v visitor_n frequent_o unknown_a and_o in_o disguise_n sometime_o to_o one_o province_n or_o city_n sometime_o to_o another_o that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o give_v true_a information_n against_o some_o mandarin_n famous_a for_o his_o tyranny_n and_o extortion_n beside_o these_o visitation_n this_o tribunal_n send_v into_o every_o province_n every_o three_o year_n a_o certain_a visitor_n call_v hio_n yuen_v and_o to_o every_o city_n another_o call_v ti_o trio_n to_o examine_v the_o bachelor_n of_o art_n and_o suppress_v the_o violence_n which_o confide_v in_o their_o privilege_n they_o act_n upon_o the_o people_n these_o have_v power_n to_o apprehend_v to_o condemn_v all_o such_o offender_n to_o the_o whip_n and_o when_o they_o prove_v incorrigible_a they_o degrade_v and_o punish_v they_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a severity_n last_o this_o tribunal_n send_v forth_o whensoever_o it_o be_v think_v requisite_a a_o visitor_n call_v siun_z ho_o to_o survey_v the_o famous_a canal_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v employ_v therein_o by_o mean_n of_o which_o visitation_n he_o reap_v more_o honour_n and_o profit_n than_o all_o the_o other_o visitor_n which_o this_o visitation_n send_v forth_o the_o judge_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v lodge_v in_o a_o vast_a palace_n where_o they_o have_v under_o they_o five_o and_o twenty_o 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the_o criminal_a tribunal_n those_o of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la be_v call_v u_o chin_n pim_n ma_fw-fr su_n or_o grand_a provost_n of_o the_o five_o quarter_n those_o of_o the_o three_o classis_fw-la be_v call_v tamburlaine_n quen_o or_o inferior_a provost_n of_o the_o five_o quarter_n the_o two_o latter_a class_n make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o apprehend_v theives_n and_o robber_n malefactor_n gamester_n vagabond_n and_o the_o like_a and_o to_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n till_o they_o resign_v they_o to_o the_o superior_a robber_n it_o be_v likewise_o their_o business_n to_o keep_v watch_n and_o ward_n in_o the_o day_n time_n to_o go_v the_o round_n in_o the_o night_n and_o to_o set_v sentinel_n to_o give_v notice_n when_o any_o fire_n happen_v in_o any_o house_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o watch_n be_v also_o subordinate_a to_o these_o two_o class_n for_o to_o every_o ten_o house_n there_o belong_v a_o captain_n call_v pai_n and_o every_o pai_n teu_o have_v another_o captain_n call_v stum_n kia_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o inform_v the_o tribunal_n of_o what_o be_v do_v in_o his_o district_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o the_o city_n when_o any_o stranger_n come_v to_o town_n or_o of_o any_o other_o novelty_n he_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o exhort_v the_o several_a private_a family_n by_o sing_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o night_n a_o song_n consist_v of_o five_o verse_n contain_v the_o most_o necessary_a precept_n of_o morality_n in_o these_o word_n hiao_n xum_o fu_fw-mi mu_o tsum_fw-la kim_n cham_n xam_n ho_o mo_z hian_a li_n kiao_n tzu_fw-fr sun._n mon_fw-fr tzo_fw-it vi_fw-it that_o be_v to_o say_v obey_v your_o parent_n reverence_v old_a man_n and_o your_o superior_n live_v together_o in_o unity_n instruct_v your_o child_n and_o do_v no_o act_n of_o injustice_n in_o petty_a town_n where_o there_o be_v no_o mandarin_n the_o care_n of_o this_o duty_n be_v commit_v to_o four_o or_o five_o of_o the_o honest_a old_a man_n call_v lao_n gen_n who_o have_v a_o captain_n call_v hiam_fw-la the_fw-mi or_o ti_fw-mi fam_fw-la this_o person_n also_o sing_v the_o same_o song_n every_o night_n and_o the_o first_o and_o five_o of_o every_o month_n assemble_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o those_o instruction_n by_o simile_n and_o example_n of_o which_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o relate_v some_o few_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v the_o virtuous_a disposition_n wit_n and_o good_a government_n of_o this_o nation_n obey_v your_o parent_n as_o lamb_n obey_v their_o ewe_n as_o they_o teach_v we_o by_o their_o extraordinary_a humility_n in_o kneel_v when_o they_o suck_v and_o submit_v to_o they_o exact_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o nourishment_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o they_o reverence_n the_o age_a and_o your_o superior_n in_o imitation_n of_o wild_a goose_n who_o by_o the_o order_n which_o they_o observe_v in_o their_o flight_n show_v plain_o the_o respect_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o seniority_n live_v together_o in_o peace_n in_o imitation_n of_o that_o love_n and_o unity_n which_o be_v observe_v among_o deer_n for_o when_o any_o one_o of_o they_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o good_a piece_n of_o pasturage_n he_o will_v not_o feed_v by_o himself_o till_o he_o have_v call_v together_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o herd_n to_o take_v their_o share_n instruct_v your_o child_n like_o that_o ancient_a matron_n call_v tuen_o ki_v who_o be_v a_o widow_n every_o day_n whip_v the_o only_a son_n that_o she_o have_v till_o she_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o his_o evil_a inclination_n so_o that_o at_o length_n be_v renown_v for_o his_o knowledge_n and_o his_o virtue_n he_o come_v to_o be_v chuam_fw-la yuen_v or_o chief_a of_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o afterward_o for_o his_o virtue_n and_o heroic_a action_n be_v advance_v to_o be_v co_n lao_n or_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o the_o emperor_n commit_v no_o act_n of_o injustice_n like_o that_o same_o wicked_a and_o disobedient_a heu_n ci_fw-fr who_o out_o of_o his_o extraordinary_a ingratitude_n design_v to_o kill_v his_o father_n in_o law_n that_o reprove_v he_o for_o his_o misdemeanour_n kill_v his_o own_o mother_n unexpected_o who_o indulgence_n have_v be_v the_o perdition_n of_o her_o son_n by_o supply_v he_o with_o money_n which_o he_o spend_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o debauchery_n and_o by_o conceal_v the_o early_a lewdness_n of_o his_o life_n but_o heaven_n to_o make_v he_o a_o example_n to_o all_o as_o wicked_a as_o himself_o and_o to_o deter_v other_o crush_v he_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o cleave_v he_o in_o sunder_o with_o a_o thunderbolt_n the_o tribunal_n call_v in_o hio_n be_v a_o mix_a tribunal_n which_o take_v care_n of_o bachelor_n of_o art_n and_o military_a probationer_n two_o precedent_n belong_v to_o it_o of_o which_o the_o one_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o first_o the_o other_o of_o the_o latter_a these_o exercise_n themselves_o in_o make_v discourse_n upon_o the_o mean_n of_o preserve_v the_o estate_n and_o govern_v the_o people_n the_o other_o discourse_n of_o warlike_a discipline_n when_o to_o give_v battle_n how_o to_o attack_v and_o defend_v fortify_v place_n and_o other_o matter_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n who_o be_v disperse_v over_o all_o the_o province_n and_o city_n give_v they_o frequent_a occasion_n to_o exercise_v their_o wit_n upon_o these_o subject_n and_o those_o mandarin_n be_v respect_v by_o those_o bachelor_n and_o probationer_n rather_o as_o professor_n than_o magistrate_n the_o two_o precedent_n which_o reside_v at_o court_n be_v doctor_n both_o the_o one_o of_o civil_a learning_n the_o other_o in_o military_a discipline_n the_o other_o officer_n be_v such_o out_o of_o who_o number_n the_o king_n make_v mandarin_n out_o of_o his_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n or_o by_o
jurisdiction_n he_o take_v care_n to_o solicit_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n and_o city_n to_o make_v quick_a payment_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v some_o also_o that_o take_v no_o less_o care_n of_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n coast_n in_o their_o quarter_n they_o that_o look_v after_o the_o river_n be_v call_v honorio_n tao_o and_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n hâ—…_n tao_o all_o these_o mandarin_n belong_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o inspecter_n or_o overseer_n call_v co_n tao_o of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n whether_o capital_a or_o no_o have_v a_o tribunal_n where_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n or_o territory_n preside_v who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o four_o order_n and_o be_v call_v chi_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o have_v three_o assessor_n the_o first_o call_v tum_o chi_fw-mi the_o second_o tum_o puâ—…n_n and_o the_o three_o chui_fw-fr quen_n who_o be_v of_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o order_n they_o be_v also_o call_v second_o three_o and_o four_o lord_n of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o chair_n or_o of_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o city_n in_o regard_n the_o precedent_n be_v call_v the_o first_o lord_n the_o first_o chair_n and_o the_o first_o city_n there_o be_v four_o other_o inferior_a mandarin_n call_v kim_n lie_v chu_o sum_o chaos_n mo_z and_o kim_n kâ—…ao_o which_o be_v only_o of_o the_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n the_o employment_n of_o this_o tribunal_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o pe_n kim_n all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v provide_v with_o such_o mandarin_n as_o these_o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n or_o that_o the_o territory_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o number_n of_o these_o mandarin_n be_v double_v the_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n call_v cheu_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o capital_n only_o as_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o have_v city_n which_o depend_v upon_o they_o those_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o order_n whether_o they_o have_v city_n depend_v upon_o they_o or_o no._n the_o precedent_n of_o these_o city_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi cheu_o he_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n and_o have_v two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v cheu_n â—…um_fw-la and_o the_o second_o cheu_n poon_n who_o be_v of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o six_o and_o second_o order_n he_o have_v under_o he_o also_o a_o three_o mandarin_n call_v lâ—…_n mo_z of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o nine_o order_n the_o people_n call_v this_o governor_n tai_n you_o or_o the_o great_a or_o first_o lord_n the_o other_o three_o the_o second_o three_o or_o four_o lord_n their_o employment_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n all_o the_o other_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v a_o tribunal_n of_o which_o the_o precedent_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_fw-fr and_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o seven_o order_n he_o have_v also_o two_o assessor_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v call_v hien_n chim_z of_o the_o eight_o order_n and_o the_o second_o who_o be_v of_o the_o nine_o be_v call_v chu_n pu_fw-fr he_o have_v also_o a_o three_o under_o he_o who_o be_v call_v tien_n sum_o who_o be_v of_o no_o order_n but_o if_o he_o acquit_v himself_o well_o of_o his_o employment_n for_o three_o year_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n give_v he_o a_o certificate_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o superior_a city_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o city_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o capital_a the_o last_o governor_n certify_v to_o the_o two_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n and_o they_o to_o the_o viceroy_n the_o viceroy_n write_v to_o the_o grand_a tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o they_o to_o the_o counsellor_n of_o state_n who_o inform_v the_o king_n and_o by_o he_o general_o he_o be_v make_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o eight_o or_o nine_o order_n this_o be_v the_o road_n which_o the_o mandarin_n observe_v for_o their_o promotion_n to_o new_a dignity_n but_o this_o good_a fortune_n never_o befall_v they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o purchase_v it_o by_o present_n proportionable_a to_o what_o they_o may_v squeeze_v out_o of_o their_o employment_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o trade_n be_v drive_v as_o open_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o establish_a law_n among_o they_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o justice_n and_o employment_n be_v sell_v as_o at_o a_o outry_n all_o over_o the_o empire_n but_o more_o especial_o at_o court_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o the_o king_n who_o can_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o mind_v the_o public_a good_a all_o the_o rest_n regard_v nothing_o but_o their_o private_a interest_n and_o of_o this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v i_o will_v bring_v you_o one_o example_n of_o which_o i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n there_o be_v a_o young_a gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v simon_n a_o very_a good_a christian_n who_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n by_o a_o particular_a favour_n which_o the_o emperor_n show_v he_o in_o regard_n his_o father_n viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o â—…n_n si_fw-la be_v slay_v fight_v against_o a_o army_n of_o robber_n that_o have_v raise_v a_o rebellion_n in_o the_o province_n the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o employment_n be_v expire_v he_o be_v advance_v to_o be_v mandarin_n of_o a_o city_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o employment_n he_o repair_v to_o court_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o hope_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o another_o city_n yet_o more_o considerable_a for_o the_o recompense_n of_o his_o service_n due_o perform_v the_o king_n refer_v his_o petition_n to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d present_o letter_n be_v send_v he_o from_o that_o tribunal_n to_o leâ—…_n he_o know_v that_o if_o he_o will_v deposit_v in_o a_o three_o hand_n fourteen_o vâ—…n_n of_o silver_n which_o amount_v to_o about_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n they_o will_v give_v he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o â—…un_n â—…m_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n si_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a people_v the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o trade_n and_o the_o rich_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o which_o this_o virtuous_a christian_a return_v for_o answer_n that_o if_o he_o have_v such_o a_o sum_n by_o he_o nay_o though_o it_o be_v far_o less_o he_o will_v never_o go_v about_o to_o move_v for_o any_o more_o employment_n in_o regard_n a_o small_a sum_n than_o that_o will_v suffice_v he_o to_o live_v at_o his_o ease_n nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o take_v up_o so_o large_a a_o sum_n at_o great_a interest_n as_o other_o do_v by_o which_o they_o be_v force_v for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o creditor_n and_o to_o glut_v their_o insatiate_a avarice_n to_o turn_v real_a tyrant_n and_o greedy_a wolf_n that_o devour_v the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o miserable_a people_n wherever_o they_o come_v which_o they_o be_v otherwise_o bind_v to_o protect_v and_o defend_v so_o that_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o that_o employment_n to_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o purchase_v it_o but_o that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o what_o sell_v to_o his_o â—…t_n now_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o write_v as_o many_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o there_o be_v mandarin_n that_o stand_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o little_a thin_a board_n which_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o vessel_n and_o every_o one_o be_v governor_n of_o that_o city_n of_o which_o he_o draw_v the_o name_n nevertheless_o when_o a_o man_n have_v agree_v with_o the_o tribunal_n the_o tablet_n be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o person_n draw_v the_o city_n which_o he_o desire_v however_o this_o artifice_n fail_v a_o mandarin_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o who_o have_v give_v a_o good_a sum_n to_o a_o prothonotary_n who_o have_v promise_v he_o the_o ready_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a for_o he_o draw_v a_o miserable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quei_z cheu_o the_o most_o remote_a and_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n thereupon_o the_o wretched_a and_o unfortunate_a mandarin_n quite_o out_o of_o his_o wit_n at_o his_o ill_a success_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o tribunal_n or_o the_o presence_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o mandarin_n rise_v up_o all_o in_o a_o rage_n for_o they_o draw_v upon_o their_o knee_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n he_o be_v undo_v and_o throw_v off_o
shall_v rare_o see_v a_o city_n palace_n or_o house_n of_o any_o great_a person_n which_o do_v not_o face_n that_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o double_a enclosure_n of_o wall_n one_o within_o the_o other_o in_o form_n of_o a_o long_a square_n the_o outward_a enclosure_n be_v a_o wall_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o thickness_n plaster_v both_o within_o and_o without_o with_o red_a mortar_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o small_a roof_n of_o varnish_a brick_n of_o a_o yellow_a gold_n colour_n lay_v with_o great_a art_n and_o agreement_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n gate_n be_v eight_o chinese_n furlong_n or_o two_o italian_a mile_n this_o enclosure_n have_v four_o gate_n one_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o side_n and_o every_o gate_n compose_v of_o three_o portal_n of_o which_o the_o middlemost_a be_v always_o keep_v shut_v and_o never_o open_v but_o only_o for_o the_o king._n the_o rest_n be_v always_o open_a to_o those_o that_o go_v in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o palace_n from_o break_v of_o day_n till_o the_o bell_n ring_v for_o cleaâ—…ing_v the_o palace_n except_o the_o south_n gate_n which_o be_v never_o but_o half_o open_a unless_o the_o king_n go_v out_o or_o in_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n king_n there_o be_v a_o guard_n of_o thirty_o soldier_n with_o their_o captain_n and_o ten_o eunuch_n at_o each_o portal_n but_o at_o present_a not_o above_o twenty_o tartar_n with_o their_o officer_n by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o alvero_n semedo_n and_o martini_n who_o affirm_v the_o guard_n of_o every_o gate_n to_o consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o man_n and_o five_o elephant_n be_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o misinformation_n while_o they_o take_v the_o whole_a for_o a_o part_n for_o there_o be_v indeed_o a_o guard_n of_o three_o thousand_o man_n in_o all_o which_o be_v distribute_v into_o company_n and_o squadron_n in_o their_o turn_n and_o so_o many_o day_n in_o a_o month_n guard_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n and_o of_o the_o palace_n where_o there_o be_v several_a other_o beside_o those_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o several_a tower_n that_o environ_v the_o inner_a wall._n as_o for_o the_o elephant_n they_o never_o stand_v at_o the_o gate_n but_o in_o their_o stable_n or_o rather_o in_o their_o palace_n for_o they_o be_v lodge_v in_o a_o spacious_a court_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o large_a and_o fair_a room_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o put_v they_o into_o little_a stall_n by_o themselves_o the_o pavement_n of_o which_o be_v heat_v with_o stove_n with_o which_o those_o creature_n can_v never_o endure_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o winter_n in_o that_o climate_n where_o many_o time_n they_o die_v through_o the_o negligence_n of_o those_o that_o look_v after_o they_o nor_o be_v there_o above_o five_o or_o six_o which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o province_n of_o tun_n nan_o they_o never_o bring_v they_o out_o of_o their_o stable_n but_o when_o the_o king_n go_v forth_o in_o state_n in_o order_n to_o some_o public_a solemnity_n as_o to_o his_o sacrifice_n or_o the_o like_a all_o manner_n of_o entrance_n within_o these_o gate_n be_v forbid_v to_o the_o bonze_n of_o pagod_n to_o the_o blind_a the_o lame_a the_o maim_a to_o beggar_n such_o as_o have_v scar_n and_o wen_n upon_o their_o face_n or_o have_v their_o ear_n or_o moses_n cut_v and_o in_o a_o word_n to_o all_o those_o that_o have_v any_o considerable_a deformity_n the_o inner_a wall_n which_o immediate_o encompass_n the_o palace_n be_v extreme_o high_a and_o thick_a build_v of_o large_a brick_n all_o equal_a and_o embellish_v with_o battlement_n well_o contrive_v it_o extend_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n six_o furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a a_o furlong_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o fifteen_o furlong_n or_o five_o mile_n want_v a_o quarter_n in_o circumference_n it_o have_v four_o gate_n with_o large_a vault_n and_o arch_n those_o to_o the_o south_n and_o north_n be_v threefold_a like_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o first_o enclosure_n those_o upon_o the_o side_n single_a upon_o these_o gate_n and_o upon_o the_o four_o angle_n of_o the_o wall_n eight_o tower_n or_o rather_o eight_o hall_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n and_o very_o good_a workmanship_n advance_v themsemselve_n varnish_v within_o with_o a_o very_a beautiful_a red_n adorn_v with_o flower_n of_o gold_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o yellow_a during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o chinese_n king_n twenty_o eunuch_n keep_v guard_n at_o each_o of_o these_o gate_n but_o at_o present_a the_o tartar_n have_v place_v in_o their_o room_n forty_o soldier_n with_o two_o officer_n all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o tribunal_n within_o the_o palace_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n be_v allow_v entrance_n within_o this_o wall._n but_o all_o other_o be_v severe_o prohibit_v unless_o they_o show_v a_o little_a table_n of_o wood_n or_o ivory_n wherein_o their_o name_n and_o the_o place_n where_o they_o serve_v be_v set_v down_o with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v this_o second_o wall_n be_v environ_v with_o a_o deep_a and_o large_a mote_n line_v with_o free_a stone_n and_o full_a of_o large_a and_o excellent_a fish._n every_o gate_n have_v a_o drawbridge_n to_o lay_v over_o the_o mote_n the_o south_n gate_n except_v where_o the_o draw_v bridge_n lie_v only_o over_o one_o arch._n in_o the_o wide_a space_n that_o separate_v the_o two_o wall_n there_o be_v several_a separate_a palace_n some_o round_a other_o square_a which_o be_v all_o call_v by_o their_o proper_a name_n conformable_a to_o the_o use_n and_o divertisement_n for_o which_o they_o be_v design_v withal_o so_o spacious_a so_o rich_a and_o so_o magnificent_o adorn_v as_o may_v well_o beseem_v not_o only_o many_o prince_n but_o some_o king_n of_o europe_n in_o the_o same_o space_n upon_o the_o eastern_a side_n and_o close_o by_o the_o wall_n run_v a_o river_n over_o which_o be_v build_v several_a bridge_n very_o fair_a structure_n and_o all_o of_o marble_n except_o the_o arch_n in_o the_o middle_a where_o there_o lie_v a_o draw-bridge_n and_o all_o the_o other_o bridge_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o palace_n be_v no_o less_o beautiful_a and_o build_v of_o the_o same_o material_n on_o the_o west_n side_n where_o the_o space_n be_v much_o more_o large_a there_o be_v a_o lake_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n five_o furlong_n or_o a_o italian_a mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o base-viol_n where_o it_o be_v narrow_a it_o be_v to_o be_v cross_v over_o a_o very_a beautiful_a bridge_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o wall_n at_o the_o end_v of_o which_o stand_v two_o triumphal_a arch_n of_o three_o arch_n a_o piece_n high_a raise_v majestic_a and_o most_o excellent_a workmanship_n this_o lake_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_v l._n 2._o c._n 6._o be_v environ_v with_o little_a palace_n or_o house_n of_o pleasure_n build_v partly_o in_o the_o water_n and_o part_v up_o the_o land_n the_o middle_a of_o the_o lake_n be_v full_a of_o very_o beautiful_a barge_n for_o the_o king_n use_n when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o fish_n or_o to_o be_v row_v about_o the_o lake_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o two_o east_n and_o west_n space_n which_o be_v not_o take_v up_o by_o the_o lake_n or_o the_o separate_a palace_n be_v divide_v into_o large_a and_o well_o proportion_v street_n inhabit_v by_o the_o officer_n and_o artificer_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o precede_a king_n those_o street_n cantain_v beside_o ten_o thousand_o eunuch_n but_o they_o who_o reign_n at_o present_a have_v put_v in_o their_o room_n tartar_n and_o chinese_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leao_n who_o be_v lookâ—…_n upon_o as_o tartar_n by_o a_o peculiar_a favour_n thus_o much_o as_o to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o palace_n we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o inside_n therefore_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v there_o be_v two_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o that_o all_o the_o city_n and_o all_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o king_n the_o great_a lord_n the_o mandarin_n and_o wealthy_a person_n be_v so_o build_v that_o the_o gate_n and_o principal_a apartment_n look_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o second_o that_o whereas_o we_o build_v our_o lodging_n one_o story_n above_o another_o the_o chineses_n build_v upon_o the_o same_o level_n one_o within_o another_o so_o that_o we_o possess_v the_o air_n and_o they_o the_o earth_n for_o example_n the_o great_a gate_n that_o front_v the_o south_n stand_v
towards_o the_o street_n with_o little_a house_n on_o both_o side_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o apartment_n then_o you_o enter_v into_o a_o fine_a court_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o stand_v another_o gate_n and_o there_o be_v the_o second_o apartment_n behind_o that_o lie_v a_o more_o spacious_a court_n join_v to_o a_o great_a hall_n appoint_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o stranger_n behind_o that_o lie_v a_o three_o court_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v a_o four_o apartment_n where_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n reside_v behind_o which_o lie_v a_o five_o court_n and_o a_o five_o apartment_n where_o the_o master_n lay_v his_o jewel_n his_o most_o costly_a furniture_n and_o his_o lumber_n beyond_o there_o be_v a_o garden_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o a_o six_o apartment_n with_o a_o little_a door_n in_o the_o middle_a which_o be_v never_o open_v but_o upon_o occasion_n or_o necessity_n upon_o the_o east_n and_o west_n side_n of_o these_o court_n be_v building_n of_o mean_a value_n which_o serve_v for_o cellar_n larder_n storehouse_n and_o other_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n only_o in_o the_o court_n adjoin_v to_o the_o great_a gate_n live_v the_o domestic_a servant_n with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n thus_o the_o house_n of_o the_o mandarin_n and_o wealthy_a person_n be_v usual_o contrive_v but_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n take_v up_o more_o ground_n and_o have_v more_o room_n large_a and_o high_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n all_o thing_n be_v so_o well_o regulate_v in_o china_n that_o neither_o the_o mandarin_n nor_o great_a lord_n can_v build_v their_o house_n but_o conformable_a to_o what_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o law._n note_n upon_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n this_o chapter_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o curious_a because_o it_o contain_v a_o very_a large_a description_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o china_n and_o the_o spacious_a palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n all_o the_o other_o relation_n without_o exception_n speak_v very_o little_a of_o it_o and_o general_o that_o very_o confuse_o too_o but_o that_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v wonder_v at_o for_o the_o ambassador_n live_v always_o retire_v in_o the_o palace_n appoint_v for_o their_o reception_n and_o as_o for_o the_o missionary_n they_o never_o see_v pe_n kim_v unless_o it_o be_v only_o pass_v through_o it_o or_o when_o they_o be_v carry_v prisoner_n thither_o in_o the_o last_o persecution_n so_o that_o unless_o it_o be_v father_n adam_n father_n ferdinand_n verbrest_n and_o f._n magaillans_n there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v instruct_v we_o perfect_o of_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a city_n and_o indeed_o the_o latter_a be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o have_v give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o it_o after_o a_o residence_n in_o those_o part_n of_o near_o five_o and_o twenty_o year_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o reader_n better_a satisfaction_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o a_o more_o distinct_a idea_n of_o the_o place_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o the_o description_n a_o ground-plot_n or_o draught_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n which_o i_o have_v draw_v out_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n and_o pain_n not_o put_v in_o any_o thing_n for_o which_o i_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a warrant_n from_o the_o relation_n of_o our_o author_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o this_o translation_n and_o the_o follow_a note_n you_o will_v find_v also_o thaâ—…_n though_o this_o description_n be_v very_o curious_a yet_o it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o perfect_a have_v it_o have_v a_o more_o exact_a draught_n of_o the_o city_n and_o emperor_n palace_n in_o general_n and_o more_o draught_n and_o particular_a design_n of_o several_a palace_n as_o wâ—…ll_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o also_o of_o the_o temple_n triumphal_a arch_n and_o bridge_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o may_v be_v well_o cement_n with_o this_o relation_n till_o the_o 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v go_v to_o china_n by_o the_o king_n command_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o send_v we_o something_o more_o complete_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v not_o mark_v down_o above_o seventy_o street_n for_o that_o they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o form_n and_o situation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v we_o a_o idea_n of_o this_o spacious_a city_n beside_o that_o the_o relation_n do_v not_o ascertain_v the_o number_n and_o for_o that_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o draught_n will_v not_o allow_v we_o to_o set_v down_o any_o more_o every_o side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v twelve_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o length_n etc._n etc._n 265._o father_n martini_n allow_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n no_o more_o than_o the_o compass_n of_o forty_o chinese_n furlong_n but_o we_o be_v rather_o to_o believe_v father_n magaillans_n who_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o be_v better_o inform_v and_o make_v they_o forty_o eight_o furlong_n in_o circuit_n father_n martini_n tell_v we_o also_o that_o the_o wall_n be_v build_v by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o emperor_n tai_n sungus_fw-la the_o three_o of_o the_o family_n of_o tai_n mim_fw-mi who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1404._o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n call_v this_o emperor_n chim_z sum_z or_o yum_n io_n and_o say_v moreover_o that_o he_o do_v not_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n from_o nam_n kim_n to_o pe_n kim_v till_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o year_n 1411._o it_o have_v nine_o gate_n and_o not_o twelve_o as_o father_n martini_n tell_v we_o 265._o what_o our_o author_n say_v here_o concern_v the_o number_n of_o the_o gate_n be_v confirm_v by_o peter_n semedo_n father_n adam_n schall_n and_o father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronoloâ—…_n who_o all_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v but_o nine_o gate_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_v they_o build_v a_o new_a square_a city_n of_o which_o every_o side_n be_v six_o chinese_n furlong_n 265._o etc._n etc._n it_o have_v seven_o gate_n and_o every_o gate_n open_v into_o a_o suburb_n etc._n etc._n here_o i_o meet_v with_o three_o difficulty_n that_o very_o much_o puzzle_v i_o the_o first_o as_o to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o new_a city_n the_o second_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o gate_n and_o the_o three_o as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o two_o city_n father_n magaillans_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n be_v square_a and_o that_o each_o side_n be_v six_o furlong_n in_o length_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o new_a city_n will_v be_v twenty_o four_o chinese_n furlong_n in_o circumference_n and_o the_o ground-plot_n will_v be_v but_o a_o four_o part_n in_o proportion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o other_o city_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v not_o take_v up_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o the_o old_a city_n do_v which_o to_o i_o seem_v too_o small_a for_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o because_o that_o father_n adam_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n the_o tartar_n reserve_v the_o old_a city_n for_o themselves_o and_o constrain_v all_o the_o chineses_n to_o retire_v into_o the_o neâ—…_n which_o be_v so_o small_a can_v never_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v they_o 〈◊〉_d â—…h_v the_o rather_o because_o he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v in_o good_a paâ—…_n inhabit_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n second_o because_o the_o same_o father_n positive_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o new_a city_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—…er_n by_o â—…ur_fw-fr furlong_n than_o the_o old_a one_o but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d â—…he_fw-mi north_n to_o the_o south_n it_o be_v not_o above_o half_a 〈◊〉_d â—…ad_v as_o the_o 〈◊〉_d city_n 〈◊〉_d so_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o new_a city_n can_v not_o be_v above_o 〈◊〉_d furlong_n broad_a as_o f._n magaillans_n relate_v but_o it_o will_v be_v sixteen_o furlong_n in_o length_n and_o forty_o four_o in_o circumference_n now_o father_n adam_n be_v a_o testimony_n of_o great_a authority_n as_o well_o as_o 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n and_o therefore_o to_o reconcile_v they_o both_o together_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n conclude_v that_o f._n magaillans_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o new_a city_n or_o the_o side_n that_o look_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o west_n which_o be_v not_o full_a out_o six_o furlong_n in_o length_n nevertheless_o until_o we_o have_v better_a information_n i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o behoove_v we_o to_o reject_v the_o description_n of_o f._n magaillans_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o draught_n i_o have_v make_v the_o new_a city_n perfect_o square_a leave_v to_o every_o man_n his_o liberty_n to_o adhere_v to_o which_o opinion_n he_o please_v according_a to_o these_o measure_v the_o circuit_n of_o the_o ancient_a
be_v cut_v for_o the_o rabbit_n to_o borough_n and_o hare_n to_o sit_v in_o of_o which_o those_o little_a hill_n be_v very_o full_a nor_o be_v the_o same_o enclosure_n without_o a_o great_a number_n of_o deer_n and_o goat_n nor_o the_o tree_n less_o frequent_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o bird_n both_o wild_a and_o tame_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n often_o visit_v this_o place_n to_o hear_v the_o music_n of_o the_o bird_n and_o to_o see_v the_o beast_n run_v and_o skip_v up_o and_o down_o of_o these_o hill_n m._n polo_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o second_o book_n c._n 16._o to_o the_o north_n and_o within_o two_o musket_n shoot_v of_o these_o hill_n stand_v a_o very_a thick_a wood_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wood_n adjoin_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o park_n be_v to_o be_v see_v three_o house_n of_o pleasure_n extraordinary_a for_o their_o symmetry_n with_o lovely_a stair_n and_o terrace_n to_o go_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o this_o be_v a_o structure_n true_o royal_a the_o architecture_n be_v exquisite_a and_o make_v the_o eighteen_o apartment_n be_v call_v the_o royal_a palace_n of_o long_a life_n a_o little_a far_o stand_v a_o portal_n like_o the_o former_a which_o make_v the_o nineteen_o apartment_n and_o be_v call_v the_o high_a raise_v portal_n of_o the_o north._n out_o of_o this_o you_o come_v into_o a_o long_a and_o broad_a street_n adorn_v on_o both_o side_n with_o palace_n and_o tribunal_n beyond_o which_o stand_v a_o portal_n with_o three_o gate_n build_v within_o the_o outermost_a enclosure_n and_o be_v call_v the_o portal_n of_o the_o repose_n of_o the_o north._n this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o twenty_o of_o these_o apartment_n that_o make_v up_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o north_n to_o south_n note_n upon_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n i._o the_o first_o apartment_n call_v tai_n cim_o muen_n or_o the_o portal_n of_o great_a purity_n it_o consist_v of_o three_o great_a gate_n and_o three_o vault_n that_o support_v a_o lovely_a hall._n behind_o lie_v a_o spacious_a court_n of_o a_o great_a length_n than_o breadth_n garnish_v on_o both_o side_n with_o portico_n and_o gallericâ—…_n support_v by_o two_o hundred_o column_n this_o court_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o two_o gate_n one_o upon_o the_o west_n the_o other_o upon_o the_o east_n side_n we_o have_v place_v they_o at_o a_o venture_n because_o their_o situation_n be_v not_o mark_v down_o in_o the_o relation_n ii_o the_o second_o apartment_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v the_o first_o because_o it_o lâ—…ads_v into_o the_o outer_a enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n this_o apartment_n or_o portal_n be_v compose_v of_o five_o gate_n three_o great_a one_o in_o the_o middle_n which_o never_o open_v but_o for_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o two_o lesser_a on_o each_o side_n through_o which_o all_o people_n be_v permit_v to_o pass_v to_o and_o fro_o there_o be_v also_o five_o great_a vault_n or_o arch_n which_o support_v a_o spacious_a hall_n adorn_v as_o our_o author_n describe_v it_o and_o beyond_o it_o a_o court_n much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a but_o in_o regard_n we_o have_v not_o any_o measure_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o palace_n i_o can_v not_o tell_v how_o to_o give_v it_o its_o due_a proportion_n this_o court_n like_o the_o rest_n be_v garnish_v on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n with_o portico_n gallery_n hall_n and_o chamber_n iii_o the_o three_o apartment_n call_v the_o portal_n of_o the_o beginning_n with_o its_o court_n belong_v to_o it_o like_o the_o former_a iv._o the_o four_o apartment_n and_o first_o of_o the_o second_o enclosure_n call_v the_o tower_n or_o portal_n of_o the_o south_n it_o have_v three_o gate_n three_o vault_n and_o a_o hall_n above_o large_a high_a raise_v and_o more_o majestic_a than_o the_o former_a this_o hall_n have_v on_o each_o side_n two_o gallery_n that_o extend_v towards_o the_o south_n bound_v at_o both_o end_n by_o two_o pavilion_n or_o lesser_a hall_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o hall_n hang_v the_o bell_n and_o the_o drum_n mention_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n v._o the_o five_o apartment_n call_v the_o supreme_a portal_n with_o its_o court_n before_o it_o form_v of_o five_o great_a gate_n with_o a_o ascent_n to_o it_o of_o five_o magnificent_a marble_n pair_n of_o stair_n before_o your_o come_n at_o it_o you_o cross_v a_o great_a mote_n mark_v in_o the_o draught_n over_o five_o marble_n bridge_n that_o answer_v to_o the_o five_o pair_n of_o stair_n vi_o the_o six_o apartment_n call_v the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall._n to_o which_o you_o ascend_v by_o five_o pair_n of_o magnificent_a marble_n stair_n each_o pair_n of_o forty_o two_o step_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o hall_n the_o emperor_n receive_v the_o homage_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o prince_n great_a lord_n mandarin_n etc._n etc._n which_o our_o author_n describe_v so_o exact_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o to_o be_v add_v only_o what_o semedo_n and_o some_o other_o author_n relate_v that_o the_o same_o day_n the_o same_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o all_o the_o mandarin_n meet_v at_o the_o governors_n palace_n before_o a_o throne_n upon_o which_o be_v erect_v the_o royal_a ensign_n where_o they_o use_v the_o same_o ceremony_n and_o reverence_n as_o before_o the_o emperor_n already_o relate_v by_o our_o author_n father_n magaillans_n tell_v we_o that_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o mandarin_n come_v to_o the_o place_n they_o take_v their_o stand_n according_a to_o their_o rank_n and_o qualitiy_n in_o place_n appoint_v for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o nine_o order_n which_o be_v mark_v and_o write_v down_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o little_a pillar_n father_n adam_n say_v these_o pillar_n be_v of_o brass_n and_o square_n he_o also_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o nine_o order_n of_o mandarin_n which_o i_o never_o read_v in_o any_o other_o author_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o insert_v they_o here_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o order_n wear_v at_o the_o top_n of_o their_o cap_n or_o bonnet_n which_o end_v in_o a_o very_a flat_a cone_n a_o carbuncle_n enchase_v in_o gold_n and_o a_o pearl_n at_o the_o bottom_n before_o upon_o their_o girdle_n also_o glitter_v four_o stone_n high_o esteem_v in_o china_n enchase_v in_o gold_n and_o cut_v into_o long_a square_n three_o finger_n broad_a and_o four_o in_o length_n this_o stone_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n yusce_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n by_o the_o mahometan_a merchant_n that_o come_v from_o thence_o to_o china_n every_o three_o year_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n it_o be_v somewhat_o greenish_a and_o resemble_v a_o jaspar_n only_o that_o it_o be_v hard_a somewhat_o transparent_a and_o incline_v to_o white_a as_o for_o the_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v above_o all_o the_o nine_o order_n of_o mandarin_n they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o first_o order_n only_o by_o the_o stone_n in_o their_o girdle_n which_o be_v round_o with_o a_o saphyr_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o petty_a king_n so_o call_v though_o they_o enjoy_v nothing_o of_o sovereignty_n instead_o of_o a_o carbuncle_n wear_v at_o the_o top_n of_o their_o bonnet_n a_o ruby_n adorn_v with_o several_a pearl_n with_o a_o flower_n of_o gold_n fasten_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o their_o bonnet_n that_o come_v over_o their_o forehead_n the_o emperor_n himself_o wear_v a_o bonnet_n of_o the_o same_o form_n and_o at_o the_o point_n of_o it_o a_o pearl_n as_o big_a as_o a_o pigeon_n egg_n with_o several_a other_o lesser_a pearl_n dangle_v underneath_o his_o girdle_n also_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n with_o the_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n with_o which_o it_o be_v cover_v all_o over_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o second_o order_n wear_v at_o the_o top_n of_o their_o cap_n a_o large_a ruby_n and_o another_o which_o be_v less_o at_o the_o bottom_n their_o girdle_n be_v adorn_v with_o demi_a globe_n of_o gold_n embellish_v with_o flower_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n with_o a_o carbuncle_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o three_o order_n at_o the_o point_n of_o their_o cap_n carry_v a_o carbuncle_n enchase_v in_o gold_n and_o a_o saphyr_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o upon_o their_o girdle_n demi_a globe_n adorn_v with_o flower_n only_o they_o of_o the_o four_o order_n wear_v a_o saphyr_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n another_o saphyr_n which_o be_v less_o have_v upon_o their_o girdle_n plain_o demi_a globe_n of_o gold_n only_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o five_o order_n wear_v only_o a_o saphyr_n in_o their_o cap_n in_o other_o thing_n like_o those_o of_o the_o four_o order_n the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o
go_v to_o the_o north_n call_v tum_o sien_a tien_n or_o the_o palace_n where_o honour_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o decease_a king_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n iv._o the_o four_o palace_n on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v gin_fw-mi chi_fw-mi tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o mercy_n and_o prudence_n where_o the_o funeral_n honour_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n after_o his_o decease_n v._o the_o five_o palace_n on_o the_o east_n side_n call_v tzu_n kim_n cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o compassion_n and_o joy_n where_o the_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n reside_v till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n vi_o the_o six_o palace_n on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v kim_n ho_o cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o union_n and_o flourish_a here_o the_o second_o and_o three_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n reside_v till_o they_o marry_v vii_o the_o seven_o palace_n or_o four_o on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v yuen_v hoen_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o royal_a nuptial_n because_o the_o nuptial_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v there_o solemnize_v viii_o the_o eight_o palace_n or_o four_o on_o the_o west_n side_n call_v tsu_n nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o piety_n be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o queen_n mother_n and_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n ix_o the_o nine_o palace_n or_o five_o to_o the_o east_n call_v chum_n cui_fw-la cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o beauty_n x._o the_o ten_o palace_n or_o five_o to_o the_o west_n call_v kia_n â—…iam_fw-la cum_fw-la or_o the_o happy_a palace_n appoint_v for_o the_o sister_n and_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n before_o they_o be_v marry_v xi_o the_o the_o leventh_n or_o six_o to_o the_o east_n call_v y_o hao_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o due_a title_n xii_o the_o twelve_o or_o six_o palace_n to_o the_o west_n call_v siam_n nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o felicity_n xiii_o the_o thirteen_o or_o seven_o palace_n to_o the_o east_n call_v gin_fw-mi chu_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o long_a life_n fourteen_o the_o fourteen_o or_o seven_o palace_n to_o the_o west_n call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o celestial_a repose_n in_o this_o palace_n the_o second_o and_o three_o queen_n keep_v their_o court_n together_o with_o the_o concubine_n and_o other_o lady_n of_o the_o decease_a king._n so_o that_o this_o palace_n serve_v for_o the_o same_o use_n as_o the_o old_a seraglio_n at_o constantinople_n xv._n the_o fifteen_o or_o eight_o to_o the_o east_n call_v kiao_n ta_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a friendship_n xvi_o the_o sixteen_o or_o eight_o to_o the_o west_n call_v guen_o nim_fw-mi cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o place_n of_o repose_n to_o these_o palace_n the_o king_n retire_v when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v private_a with_o his_o first_o queen_n xvii_o the_o seventeen_o palace_n or_o nine_o to_o the_o east_n call_v chim_z kien_fw-fr cum_n or_o the_o palace_n that_o receive_v heaven_n xviii_o the_o eighteen_o palace_n or_o nine_o to_o the_o west_n call_v y_o xuen_n cum_fw-la or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o elevate_a earth_n to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o palace_n the_o king_n retire_v with_o his_o second_o queen_n and_o to_o the_o second_o with_o his_o three_o xix_o the_o nineteen_o palace_n or_o ten_o to_o the_o east_n call_v lum_n te_o tien_n or_o palace_n of_o abound_a virtue_n xx_o the_o twenty_o or_o ten_o palace_n to_o the_o west_n call_v kiun_n sin_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n that_o envelope_v the_o heart_n in_o these_o two_o palace_n be_v keep_v the_o king_n jewel_n and_o rarity_n of_o a_o inestimable_a price_n our_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o treasure_n have_v be_v fill_v for_o these_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n and_o that_o in_o all_o that_o time_n nothing_o have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v unless_o there_o happen_v any_o sudden_a conflagration_n or_o that_o the_o city_n have_v not_o be_v take_v and_o plunder_v by_o the_o enemy_n who_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o china_n in_o that_o particular_a for_o example_n all_o the_o relation_n that_o mention_v the_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n among_o the_o rest_n martini_n and_o couplet_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1644._o the_o rebel_n li_n or_o li_n cum_fw-la not_o dare_v to_o abide_v the_o come_n of_o the_o tartar_n to_o pe_n kim_v spend_v eight_o day_n in_o remove_v all_o that_o there_o be_v of_o precious_a and_o valuable_a in_o the_o palace_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o palace_n belong_v twenty_o four_o separate_a apartment_n with_o a_o royal_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n i_o have_v place_v they_o as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o draught_n for_o a_o man_n may_v easy_o believe_v that_o the_o last_o where_o the_o woman_n reside_v and_o where_o the_o treasure_n lie_v aught_o to_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o the_o principal_a gate_n chap._n xx._n of_o several_a other_o palace_n and_o some_o temple_n erect_v within_o the_o same_o enclosure_n all_o these_o palace_n which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o mention_v be_v seat_v within_o the_o innermost_a enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n from_o which_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o two_o wall_n and_o divide_v one_o from_o another_o by_o other_o wall_n of_o the_o same_o fabric_n those_o that_o follow_v be_v seat_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n the_o first_o be_v call_v chum_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o double_v flower_n now_o to_o understand_v this_o name_n you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o one_o of_o the_o chinese_n king_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o grandee_n and_o people_n will_v needs_o go_v and_o fight_v the_o western_a tartar_n who_o take_v several_a place_n and_o lay_v waste_v the_o province_n of_o pe_n kim_n but_o he_o be_v overthrow_v take_v and_o carry_v into_o tartary_n where_o the_o chineses_n believe_v he_o to_o be_v dead_a and_o therefore_o set_v up_o his_o brother_n in_o his_o place_n some_o month_n after_o ambassador_n come_v from_o the_o tartar_n who_o bring_v news_n that_o he_o be_v alive_a and_o demand_v a_o ransom_n both_o for_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o new_a king_n receive_v this_o intelligence_n he_o give_v order_n to_o commissioner_n to_o treat_v about_o his_o brother_n enlargement_n and_o appoint_v a_o magnificent_a palace_n to_o be_v build_v whither_o he_o intend_v to_o retire_v upon_o his_o brother_n return_n the_o palace_n be_v finish_v and_o the_o treaty_n conclude_v the_o prisoner_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o frontier_n where_o the_o tartar_n receive_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n great_a quantity_n of_o silk_n and_o cotton_n and_o all_o that_o they_o demand_v thereupon_o the_o king_n return_v to_o pe_n kim_v the_o new_a king_n will_v have_v resign_v the_o sceptre_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o the_o old_a king_n will_v not_o accept_v it_o but_o retire_v to_o the_o palace_n which_o his_o brother_n have_v prepare_v for_o himself_o without_o ever_o offer_v to_o moddle_v any_o more_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o government_n three_o year_n after_o that_o the_o new_a king_n die_v and_o then_o the_o old_a king_n accept_v the_o crown_n be_v crown_v a_o second_o time_n and_o then_o the_o learned_a man_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n give_v he_o another_o name_n call_v he_o tien_n xum_o or_o the_o king_n who_o follow_v the_o will_n of_o heaven_n they_o also_o give_v a_o new_a name_n to_o the_o palace_n where_o he_o have_v live_v three_o year_n retire_v call_v it_o chum_n ho_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o double_v flower_n allude_v to_o the_o double_a coronation_n of_o the_o king._n the_o bridge_n over_o which_o they_o cross_v the_o mote_n that_o surround_v this_o palace_n be_v a_o wonderful_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n it_o be_v a_o dragon_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bulk_n who_o fore_n and_o hind-feet_n stand_v in_o the_o water_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o pillar_n and_o who_o body_n dolphin_n like_a make_v the_o middle_a arch_n and_o two_o more_o the_o one_o with_o his_o tail_n the_o other_o with_o his_o head_n and_o neck_n the_o whole_a be_v make_v of_o black_a jasper_n stone_n so_o well_o close_v and_o so_o well_o wrought_v that_o it_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o be_v of_o one_o piece_n but_o represent_v a_o dragon_n to_o the_o life_n it_o be_v call_v ti_fw-mi kiam_fw-la or_o the_o fly_a bridge_n for_o the_o chineses_n report_n that_o this_o dragon_n fly_v through_o the_o air_n from_o a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o east-indies_n which_o they_o call_v tien_n cho_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bamboos_n whence_o they_o also_o pretend_v that_o their_o pagod_n and_o their_o law_n be_v bring_v in_o former_a time_n they_o also_o tell_v
ancient_o say_v of_o rome_n all_o thing_n be_v there_o put_v to_o sale_n there_o be_v not_o any_o employment_n of_o governor_n of_o a_o city_n or_o town_n which_o do_v not_o cost_v the_o person_n who_o be_v prefer_v to_o it_o several_z thousand_o of_o crown_n sometime_o twenty_o sometime_o thirty_o and_o so_o proportionable_o for_o all_o other_o office_n great_a and_o small_a to_o be_v a_o viceroy_n or_o governor_n of_o a_o province_n before_o a_o man_n can_v have_v his_o commission_n seal_v will_v cost_v he_o twenty_o thirty_o forty_o and_o sometime_o threescore_o sometime_o seventy_o thousand_o crown_n and_o yet_o so_o far_o be_v the_o king_n from_o receive_v a_o farthing_n of_o this_o money_n that_o he_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o abuse_n only_o the_o grand_a minister_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o colao's_n or_o counsellor_n of_o state_n and_o the_o six_o supreme_a tribunal_n of_o the_o court_n be_v they_o that_o private_o sell_v all_o office_n and_o employment_n to_o the_o viceroy_n and_o great_a mandarin_n of_o the_o province_n on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o to_o satisfy_v their_o avarice_n and_o to_o reimburse_v themselves_o of_o the_o money_n lay_v out_o for_o their_o preferment_n extort_v present_n from_o the_o precedent_n of_o territory_n and_o city_n who_o repay_v themselves_o upon_o the_o governor_n of_o town_n and_o burrough_n and_o they_o or_o rather_o all_o together_o make_v themselves_o whole_a again_o and_o replenish_v their_o purse_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o miserable_a people_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a proverb_n in_o china_n that_o the_o king_n unwitting_o let_v loose_v so_o many_o hangman_n murderer_n hungry_a dog_n and_o wolf_n to_o ruin_n and_o devour_v the_o poor_a people_n when_o he_o create_v new_a mandarin_n to_o govern_v they_o in_o short_a there_o be_v not_o any_o viceroy_n visitor_n of_o a_o province_n or_o any_o such_o like_a officer_n who_o at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o year_n of_o his_o be_v employ_v that_o do_v not_o return_v with_o six_o or_o seven_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o sometime_o a_o million_o of_o crown_n from_o whence_o i_o draw_v one_o conclusion_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v undeniable_a that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o natural_a inclination_n and_o insatiable_a avarice_n of_o the_o chinese_n there_o be_v very_o little_a money_n in_o china_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o riches_n which_o she_o possess_v within_o herself_o there_o be_v not_o any_o kingdom_n that_o may_v compare_v with_o it_o there_o be_v in_o china_n a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o copper_n iron_n tin_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o metal_n especial_o copper_n and_o latin_n of_o which_o they_o make_v their_o great_a gun_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o idol_n and_o statue_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o dish_n and_o cup_n of_o various_a form_n and_o of_o a_o price_n and_o value_n extraordinary_a there_o be_v some_o of_o these_o vessel_n which_o either_o for_o their_o antiquity_n or_o because_o they_o be_v make_v in_o such_o a_o king_n reign_n or_o by_o such_o a_o workman_n though_o otherwise_o very_o ordinary_a and_o clownish_a be_v value_v at_o several_a hundred_o of_o crown_n nay_o sometime_o a_o thousand_o and_o more_o and_o indeed_o the_o city_n of_o macao_n afford_v we_o a_o evident_a proof_n of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o these_o metal_n for_o that_o in_o that_o one_o city_n there_o be_v cast_v such_o number_n of_o great_a gun_n to_o be_v admire_v for_o their_o goodness_n their_o bigness_n and_o their_o workmanship_n which_o not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o that_o city_n but_o to_o supply_v several_a place_n in_o the_o indies_n and_o even_o portugal_n itself_o moreover_o a_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o copper_n and_o tin_n in_o china_n by_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o copper_n and_o tin_n money_n that_o be_v make_v over_o all_o the_o empire_n these_o piece_n of_o money_n have_v square_a hole_n in_o the_o middle_a and_o so_o be_v thread_a upon_o string_n which_o contain_v every_o one_o a_o thousand_o denier_n and_o general_o you_o exchange_v a_o string_n of_o a_o thousand_o denier_n for_o one_o crown_n or_o chinese_n tael_n and_o this_o exchange_n be_v make_v in_o banks_n and_o public_a place_n appoint_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n by_o the_o way_n we_o be_v here_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o memorial_n extant_a in_o china_n neither_o do_v we_o meet_v with_o any_o record_n in_o their_o history_n or_o any_o other_o oâ—…_n their_o book_n that_o ever_o they_o make_v use_v oâ—…_n paper-money_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o m._n polo_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o second_o book_n chapter_n eighteen_o but_o in_o regard_n that_o m._n polo_n be_v a_o author_n of_o good_a reputation_n i_o will_v here_o unfold_v the_o reason_n that_o make_v he_o commit_v that_o mistake_n the_o copper_n money_n of_o china_n be_v round_o and_o general_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o portuguese_a real_a and_o a_o half_a it_o have_v letter_n stamp_v upon_o it_o which_o on_o the_o one_o side_n declare_v the_o name_n of_o the_o reign_v prince_n on_o the_o other_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tribunal_n that_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v covn_v the_o piece_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v not_o coin_v but_o cast_v into_o lingot_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o small_a boat_n which_o at_o macao_n be_v call_v paes_n or_o loaf_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v of_o a_o different_a value_n the_o loaf_n of_o gold_n be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o one_o two_o ten_o and_o twenty_o crown_n those_o of_o silver_n of_o the_o value_n of_o half_a a_o crown_n one_o crown_n ten_o twenty_o fifty_o and_o sometime_o a_o hundred_o and_o three_o hundred_o crown_n these_o they_o cut_v with_o steel_n scissors_n which_o the_o people_n carry_v about_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o piece_n big_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o purchase_a commodity_n this_o be_v grant_v you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o first_o and_o fifteen_o day_n of_o every_o month_n and_o at_o all_o time_n that_o the_o chineses_n carry_v their_o dead_a to_o enterrment_n they_o burn_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n and_o loaf_n make_v of_o pasteboard_n cover_v over_o with_o leaf-tin_n and_o guild_v over_o with_o leaf-gold_n varnish_v with_o yellow_a now_o these_o pasteboard_n figure_n be_v so_o like_o the_o real_a tin_n money_n and_o loaf_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o foreigner_n who_o be_v not_o well_o instruct_v in_o the_o custom_n and_o superstition_n of_o this_o nation_n may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o see_v in_o the_o street_n and_o piazza_n at_o every_o turn_n man_n lade_v &_o shop_n full_a of_o this_o counterfeit_n money_n now_o the_o chineses_n burn_v they_o because_o they_o believe_v the_o ash_n turn_v to_o copper_n money_n and_o loaf_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o their_o decease_a parent_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o other_o world_n to_o hire_v house_n and_o to_o buy_v clothes_n and_o victual_n and_o to_o purchase_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o hell_n his_o minister_n and_o his_o executioner_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v use_v they_o with_o less_o severity_n and_o be_v more_o remiss_a in_o their_o torment_n as_o also_o to_o oblige_v they_o not_o to_o delay_v but_o rather_o to_o hasten_v the_o time_n of_o their_o transmigration_n or_o metempsychosis_n by_o translate_n their_o soul_n not_o into_o the_o body_n of_o beast_n but_o into_o the_o body_n of_o man_n considerable_a for_o their_o learning_n their_o honour_n and_o their_o wealth_n such_o be_v the_o extraordinary_a ignorance_n and_o blindness_n of_o these_o infidel_n we_o be_v also_o far_o to_o observe_v that_o ancient_o when_o the_o king_n of_o china_n want_v money_n they_o give_v to_o the_o mandarin_n and_o soldier_n in_o part_n of_o their_o pay_n certain_a ticket_n sign_v and_o seal_v with_o the_o king_n seal_n which_o ticket_n be_v make_v of_o pasteboard_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o half_a a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n with_o their_o price_n or_o value_v write_v upon_o they_o thus_o when_o any_o person_n be_v to_o receive_v a_o hundred_o crown_n they_o pay_v he_o fifty_o in_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o other_o fifty_o in_o these_o sort_n of_o ticket_n which_o be_v call_v chaos_n whence_o the_o word_n chaos_n fu_o be_v derive_v but_o because_o the_o people_n scruple_v to_o receive_v these_o billet_n instead_o of_o money_n the_o king_n order_v that_o a_o employment_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v up_o these_o billet_n and_o bring_v a_o hundred_o back_n into_o the_o royal_a treasury_n and_o a_o more_o considerable_a employment_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v bring_v in_o a_o thousand_o and_o so_o proportionable_o for_o a_o great_a number_n which_o as_o