one_o in_o the_o suburb_n religion_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n and_o suburb_n be_v general_o germane_a and_o compute_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o soul_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n have_v adhere_v to_o the_o auspurg_n confession_n ever_o since_o the_o year_n 1525._o and_o the_o lutheran_n alone_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n yet_o all_o other_o sect_n be_v tolerate_v and_o allow_v a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n church_n the_o public_a building_n of_o this_o city_n be_v first_o their_o church_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o very_a famous_a viz._n st._n mary_n and_o st._n peter_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v by_o much_o the_o stately_a fabric_n in_o all_o prussia_n be_v very_o highvaulted_a and_o have_v in_o it_o exceed_o fine_a organ_n beside_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v 48_o altar_n 3722_o window_n and_o a_o font_n make_v at_o antwerp_n which_o cost_v 24000_o rixdollar_n or_o 5400_o pound_n sterling_a town-house_n next_o there_o be_v the_o town-house_n where_o the_o magistrate_n sit_v this_o be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a fabric_n with_o a_o exceed_a high_a spire_n it_o have_v abundance_n of_o noble_a inscription_n in_o several_a room_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n here_o be_v very_o fine_a be_v all_o build_v with_o freestone_n and_o name_v arlus-house_n from_o its_o founder_n magazine_n in_o this_o city_n be_v three_o magazine_n whereof_o one_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o plentiful_o provide_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o store_n and_o ammunition_n for_o land-force_n etc._n here_o be_v no_o university_n but_o however_o a_o very_a famous_a college_n with_o professor_n of_o all_o faculty_n yet_o who_o do_v not_o give_v the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n here_o be_v likewise_o a_o tolerable_a exchange_n for_o merchant_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o st._n dominick_n a_o beautiful_a edifice_n a_o college_n for_o jesuit_n etc._n etc._n government_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o dantzic_n extend_v to_o above_o 40_o english_a mile_n circumference_n it_o send_v two_o deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o book_n the_o absolute_a government_n of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o thirty_o senator_n elder_n or_o magistrate_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n be_v person_n of_o learning_n though_o some_o few_o be_v merchant_n but_o of_o no_o other_o trade_n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n can_v be_v of_o this_o magistracy_n though_o any_o foreigner_n may_v yet_o none_o of_o any_o other_o religion_n but_o the_o lutheran_n except_o the_o calvinist_n whereof_o there_o must_v always_o be_v four_o in_o the_o whole_a senate_n division_n the_o senator_n when_o once_o create_v continue_v the_o same_o for_o life_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a among_o they_o be_v the_o four_o burgomaster_n or_o as_o they_o call_v they_o proconsul_n out_o of_o which_o a_o precedent_n be_v choose_v every_o year_n under_o these_o there_o be_v thirteen_o consul_n who_o choose_v the_o aforesaid_a burgomaster_n out_o of_o their_o body_n as_o often_o as_o they_o die_v away_o they_o likewise_o have_v the_o choose_v of_o all_o other_o officer_n belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o old_a as_o the_o new_a city_n syndic_n there_o be_v twelve_o scabin_n or_o judge_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o process_n from_o who_o there_o lie_v appeal_n to_o the_o thirteen_o consul_n and_o four_o burgomaster_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n the_o thirty_o senator_n be_v their_o syndic_n or_o orator_n who_o be_v like_o a_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o receive_v and_o compliment_v any_o foreign_a minister_n or_o agent_n he_o take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o scabin_n as_o the_o consul_n and_o burgomaster_n do_v of_o he_o king_n the_o king_n nominate_v every_o year_n out_o of_o the_o consul_n or_o burgomaster_n a_o burgrave_n to_o represent_v his_o person_n in_o the_o senate_n and_o all_o sentence_n of_o death_n must_v be_v sign_v by_o he_o in_o the_o king_n name_n for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v execute_v here_o without_o such_o sign_v i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o excellency_n that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n in_o execute_v criminal_n of_o this_o city_n for_o native_n must_v always_o be_v execute_v before_o arlus-house_n and_o foreigner_n near_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o prison_n lie_v all_o that_o be_v execute_v in_o the_o city_n be_v behead_v but_o all_o thief_n and_o robber_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v about_o two_o mile_n out_o of_o town_n at_o a_o famous_a gallow_n support_v by_o four_o pillar_n of_o brick_n power_n to_o represent_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o burgher_n choose_v to_o inspect_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o vote_n in_o elect_v the_o clergy_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o senate_n within_o this_o city_n and_o its_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v no_o bishop_n but_o only_o a_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n except_o to_o examine_v such_o as_o be_v design_v to_o be_v elect_v priest_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n the_o manner_n of_o who_o election_n be_v this_o priest_n the_o candidate_n first_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o examine_v he_o which_o do_v they_o give_v he_o a_o certificate_n that_o they_o think_v he_o capable_a and_o allow_v he_o a_o liberty_n to_o preach_v after_o which_o the_o people_n or_o congregation_n of_o some_o parish_n present_v he_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n desire_v he_o may_v be_v elect_v for_o their_o minister_n when_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n he_o be_v elect_v according_o and_o thereupon_o send_v back_o to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v ordain_v which_o be_v perform_v by_o imposition_n of_o hand_n read_v of_o prayer_n and_o some_o other_o ceremony_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v the_o clergy_n in_o most_o lutheran_n country_n church_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v four_o roman-catholick_n church_n whereof_o one_o be_v the_o king_n chapel_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v for_o monk_n there_o be_v also_o two_o for_o calvinist_n where_o the_o senate_n have_v no_o power_n to_o nominate_v the_o clergy_n i_o may_v here_o observe_v to_o your_o excellency_n that_o in_o dantzic_n there_o be_v a_o particular_a custom_n relate_v to_o marriage_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n official_a a_o priest_n who_o by_o his_o power_n can_v oblige_v any_o person_n to_o marry_v a_o woman_n that_o he_o have_v but_o promise_v or_o give_v any_o present_n to_o whatsoever_o though_o the_o party_n never_o mean_v any_o such_o thing_n which_o occasion_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n here_o as_o for_o the_o king_n power_n in_o this_o city_n he_o can_v save_v any_o body_n life_n that_o he_o please_v though_o condemn_v to_o die_v by_o the_o magistrate_n to_o he_o half_o the_o port-custom_n come_v and_o one_o mill_n bring_v he_o in_o every_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n 24_o gold_n ducat_n this_o mill_n be_v move_v by_o the_o rodawn_n which_o run_v through_o the_o city_n it_o grind_v such_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n all_o the_o year_n round_o that_o its_o revenue_n amount_v to_o 4320_o pound_n sterling_a to_o the_o state_n and_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o the_o proprietor_n the_o city_n be_v oblige_v to_o put_v the_o king_n effigy_n on_o one_o side_n of_o their_o coin_n though_o they_o common_o have_v their_o own_o arm_n on_o the_o other_o when_o the_o king_n come_v thither_o they_o be_v to_o treat_v he_o and_o his_o court_n for_o three_o day_n together_o but_o however_o he_o can_v bring_v but_o a_o few_o of_o his_o guard_n into_o the_o city_n the_o dantzicker_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v always_o a_o secretary_n at_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n who_o as_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n be_v one_o mr._n alberti_n a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n now_o or_o late_o syndic_n of_o dantzic_n privilege_n as_o for_o the_o city-privilege_n they_o can_v coin_v their_o own_o money_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n choose_v their_o magistrate_n make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v absolute_o in_o matter_n of_o debt_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 500_o guilder_n but_o where_o the_o action_n exceed_v that_o sum_n a_o appeal_n lie_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o poland_n yet_o in_o such_o case_n the_o appellant_n be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v down_o 100_o guilder_n in_o the_o townhouse_n before_o he_o can_v proceed_v and_o this_o be_v to_o deter_v people_n from_o make_v such_o appeal_v for_o the_o dantzicker_n do_v not_o much_o care_n that_o any_o of_o their_o money_n shall_v get_v into_o poland_n but_o where_o they_o can_v help_v it_o sea_n this_o
king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o who_o have_v divers_a officer_n and_o substitute_n under_o they_o the_o minor_a ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a officer_n and_o person_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v they_o thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a with_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v but_o be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o presumption_n in_o prefix_v your_o great_a name_n to_o so_o imperfect_a a_o account_n therefore_o hope_v your_o grace_n pardon_n upon_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n little_a diet_n and_o other_o general_a assembly_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a court_n of_o justice_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a as_o likewise_o of_o the_o judge_n law_n and_o punishment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n sir_n a._n the_o present_a king_n in_o his_o throne_n bb._n the_o ten_o crown_n officer_n c._n the_o a_o bp._n of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o the_o cross_n bear_v behind_o he_o dddd_n the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n eeeee_o foreign_a ambassador_n admit_v only_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n ffffff_n the_o palatine_n &_o castellan_n in_o the_o three_o row_v on_o each_o side_n gggggg_n the_o deputy_n s_o in_o the_o two_o back_n row_v on_o each_o side_n h._n the_o nuncio_n martial_n or_o speaker_n of_o deputy_n s._n four_o vacant_a seat_n for_o such_o other_o as_o be_v sometime_o admit_v 1._o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n sir_n be_v the_o grand_a diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o native_n call_v seym_n walny_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n of_o every_o province_n meet_v together_o in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n meet_a it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o during_o a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o primate_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o convoke_v this_o great_a assembly_n as_o likewise_o to_o determine_v the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v sit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o of_o every_o three_o successive_o call_v two_o must_v be_v hold_v in_o poland_n most_o common_o at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o three_o in_o lithuania_n in_o the_o city_n of_o grodno_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n capital_a of_o this_o great_a duchy_n so_o that_o every_o nine_o year_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v into_o lithuania_n and_o every_o three_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n come_v into_o poland_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v be_v hold_v in_o lithuania_n be_v because_o the_o lithuanian_n complain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a inconvenient_a for_o they_o to_o come_v so_o far_o as_o poland_n thereupon_o when_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o convoke_v this_o general_a meeting_n he_o be_v to_o send_v out_o circular_a letter_n six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n he_o appoint_v for_o its_o session_n by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o to_o all_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n acquaint_v they_o with_o his_o design_n together_o with_o the_o time_n he_o intend_v it_o shall_v meet_v he_o send_v they_o likewise_o a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n and_o article_n which_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o that_o diet._n whereupon_o every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o be_v as_o follow_v poland_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o posuan_n and_o kalisch_n siradia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sroda_n schadkow_n in_o the_o castellany_n of_o vielunia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vielun_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi radzieiow_n appoint_a by_o the_o 257._o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o little_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o town_n of_o ripin_n appoint_a by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o plosko_fw-mi rava_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o radzanow_n rava_n sochaczow_n gombin_n podlachia_n masovia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o droghiczin_n mielnik_n bransko_n masovia_n in_o ten_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o cirna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrol_n ciekanow_n lombze_n rozan_n liw_n and_o nur._n little-poland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o upper_a or_o little_o poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o zator_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n and_o prossovia_n for_o the_o palatinate_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1667._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o sendomir_n and_o lublin_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o opatow_n and_o lublin_n lithuania_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o vilna_n in_o four_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n wilcomitz_n braclaw_n troki_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n cowno_n lida_n ponienwiez_n polocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n novogrodec_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o slonim_n wolkowizko_n witebsko_fw-mi in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
there_o shall_v be_v no_o successor_n name_v for_o the_o future_a while_o the_o predecessor_n survive_v this_o constitution_n stephen_n bateri_n will_v have_v invade_v but_o the_o republic_n oppose_v he_o so_o vigorous_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n it_o all_o christian_a prince_n have_v a_o feasible_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o each_o of_o they_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n since_o they_o will_v thereby_o absolute_o be_v exclude_v from_o it_o this_o occasion_v the_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o where_o john_n casimir_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o propose_v a_o prince_n to_o succeed_v he_o wherefore_o in_o conjunction_n with_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenbourg_n lisola_n raise_v faction_n in_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n insomuch_o that_o they_o quick_o overthrow_v king_n casimir_n design_n and_o cause_v the_o diet_n to_o confirm_v the_o former_a constitution_n against_o elect_v of_o a_o successor_n several_a of_o the_o lithuanian_a gentry_n have_v the_o same_o intention_n with_o john_n casimir_n but_o however_o with_o these_o follow_a precaution_n first_o that_o such_o a_o successor_n shall_v be_v elect_v a_o new_a after_o the_o king_n death_n second_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n three_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piasto_n or_o native_a four_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v a_o emperor_n king_n nor_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o another_o country_n five_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n six_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a and_o seven_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v election_n no_o doubt_n the_o design_n of_o king_n casimir_n and_o of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v good_a for_o they_o have_v thereby_o a_o mind_n to_o secure_v the_o government_n from_o those_o division_n and_o intestine_a jar_n which_o common_o happen_v in_o interregnum_n but_o those_o who_o oppose_v they_o affirm_v that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n will_v undoubted_o soon_o introduce_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n whatever_o care_n they_o can_v take_v to_o prevent_v it_o that_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o elect_a a_o soccessor_n in_o the_o king_n life_n time_n and_o that_o if_o the_o republic_n consent_v to_o it_o they_o will_v be_v no_o long_o at_o liberty_n to_o oppose_v it_o that_o it_o will_v moreover_o be_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o several_a prince_n who_o all_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n which_o will_v therefore_o infallible_o embroil_v it_o in_o new_a trouble_n when_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o that_o crown_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n these_o be_v the_o several_a reason_n offer_v by_o the_o two_o party_n the_o last_o whereof_o as_o i_o say_v before_o get_v the_o better_a crown_v till_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v crown_v he_o have_v real_o no_o 331._o regal_a authority_n for_o he_o can_v bestow_v no_o benefice_n give_v no_o office_n nor_o pardon_v any_o offence_n neither_o can_v he_o make_v use_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n nor_o set_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n a_o go_v which_o be_v always_o silence_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la till_o he_o have_v take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n coronation_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king-elect_a to_o appoint_v a_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n which_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v at_o 185._o gnesna_n till_o the_o coronation_n of_o vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v solemnize_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o where_o it_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o will_v needs_o crown_v his_o queen_n caecilia_n renata_n at_o warsaw_n but_o which_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o excessive_a murmur_n of_o the_o gentry_n ceremony_n the_o day_n of_o coronation_n be_v arrive_v the_o king_n make_v his_o solemn_a entry_n into_o cracow_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o acclamation_n the_o scabin_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v the_o day_n over_o he_o precede_v by_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o foot-guard_n with_o their_o officer_n immediate_o after_o the_o king_n follow_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o foreign_a ambassador_n on_o horseback_n just_o before_o the_o king_n ride_v a_o officer_n who_o throw_v some_o coronation_n medal_n among_o the_o people_n but_o which_o seldom_o amount_v to_o any_o great_a sum._n thus_o attend_v his_o majesty_n be_v conduct_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n have_v first_o receive_v the_o key_n of_o the_o city_n from_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o first_o gate_n thereof_o and_o pass_v under_o several_a triumphal_a arch_n with_o motto_n of_o various_a invention_n at_o the_o castle-gate_n he_o have_v the_o key_n of_o that_o important_a place_n also_o present_v he_o with_o a_o solemn_a harangue_n by_o the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o banquet_v and_o feast_n procession_n 525._o the_o day_n follow_v be_v that_o which_o precede_v the_o coronation_n the_o obsequy_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n be_v to_o be_v celebrate_v when_o they_o carry_v his_o body_n to_o schalka_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n 336._o the_o order_n of_o procession_n be_v this_o first_o the_o new_a king_n march_v on_o foot_n then_o follow_v all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n the_o ensign_n with_o the_o standard_n of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o last_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n and_o other_o regalia_z be_v carry_v before_o the_o corpse_n point_v towards_o the_o ground_n after_o these_o come_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o gentry_n and_o next_o after_o they_o march_v the_o several_a company_n of_o trade_n barefooted_a belong_v both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o court_n each_o have_v a_o empty_a coffin_n and_o pall_n bear_v before_o they_o on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o two_o men._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o that_o assist_v at_o this_o procession_n must_v be_v in_o mourn_v interment_n at_o the_o place_n of_o interment_n the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n against_o the_o king_n tomb_n and_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n be_v discharge_v of_o their_o authority_n several_a way_n after_o which_o the_o body_n be_v inter_v in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v all_o bury_v there_o i_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o the_o myter_v clergy_n general_o march_v about_o the_o corpse_n perform_v the_o day_n after_o the_o funeral_n be_v assign_v for_o the_o coronation_n the_o ceremony_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o that_o office_n be_v once_o 63._o dispute_v with_o he_o by_o sâ—igneius_n olesnicius_n as_o be_v both_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cardinal_n at_o the_o same_o time_n yet_o nevertheless_o casimir_n iv._o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o alexander_n 95._o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o primate_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o refractory_a that_o right_o devolve_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o upon_o his_o obstinacy_n absence_n or_o death_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n the_o two_o bishop_n that_o assist_v at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n coronation_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o procession_n when_o the_o king_n go_v to_o be_v crown_v be_v order_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n but_o before_o his_o majesty_n stir_v out_o he_o be_v habit_v after_o a_o very_a splendid_a manner_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o cathedral_n by_o the_o senator_n foreign_a ambassador_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o gentry_n coronation_n before_o he_o enter_v the_o church_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n bring_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n and_o naked_a sword_n to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o place_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o altar_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n have_v receive_v the_o king_n they_o hold_v he_o under_o each_o arm_n and_o present_v he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o bow_n coronation_n i_o imagine_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o this_o ceremony_n may_v neither_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n nor_o the_o public_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a describe_v all_o the_o most_o remarkable_a circumstance_n thereof_o as_o
city_n have_v always_o above_o 2000_o soldier_n in_o service_n and_o they_o can_v easy_o maintain_v 12000_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v raise_v 60000._o for_o ship_n they_o have_v no_o man_n of_o war_n but_o abundance_n of_o merchantman_n of_o 3_o or_o 400_o tun_n each_o and_o 30_o or_o 40_o gun_n apiece_o they_o never_o trade_n so_o far_o as_o the_o east_n or_o west-indies_n but_o into_o the_o straits_n and_o all_o over_o europe_n they_o do_v prussia_n here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v your_o excellency_n some_o short_a account_n of_o their_o present_a coin_n in_o dantzick_n but_o first_o by_o way_n of_o digression_n i_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o coin_n which_o the_o teutonic_n order_v bring_v into_o prussia_n not_o prove_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v that_o country_n with_o money_n those_o knight_n soon_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o mint_n and_o to_o coin_v money_n of_o their_o own_o there_o which_o they_o perform_v with_o so_o much_o accuracy_n that_o most_o nation_n have_v allow_v that_o wherever_o invent_v the_o art_n of_o coin_v be_v there_o first_o bring_v to_o perfection_n this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o great_a antiquary_n spelman_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o english_a word_n sterling_n come_v from_o the_o easterling_n a_o people_n of_o prussia_n and_o who_o come_v from_o thence_o into_o england_n first_o teach_v we_o the_o art_n of_o refine_v and_o coin_v pure_a silver_n than_o we_o have_v before_o make_v use_n of_o dantzic_n the_o species_n of_o money_n now_o current_a in_o prussia_n or_o rather_o in_o dantzic_n be_v these_o gold_n ducat_n ourt_n choustack_n and_o chelons_n a_o ducat_n be_v worth_a two_o rixdollar_n or_o 9_o shilling_n english_a a_o ourt_n be_v a_o silver_n coin_n equal_a to_o the_o french_a piece_n of_o 15_o sous_fw-fr and_o worth_a 18_o gross_v of_o dantzic_n and_o 30_o of_o poland_n a_o choustack_n be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o 6_o dantzic-grosses_a or_o 10_o polish_v and_o as_o for_o their_o chelons_n three_o of_o they_o make_v one_o of_o their_o gross_v the_o far_a difference_n between_o the_o polish_v money_n and_o they_o stand_v thus_o the_o tinfe_fw-mi that_o be_v worth_a 30_o gross_v of_o polish_v chelons_n be_v worth_a but_o 18_o of_o those_o of_o dantzic_n the_o ducat_n which_o be_v of_o the_o value_n of_o 12_o frank_n of_o polish_v chelons_n be_v worth_a but_o 7_o of_o the_o current_a money_n here_o five_o choustack_n or_o a_o ourt_n and_o two_o choustack_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr of_o dantzic-money_n because_o 5_o choustack_n make_v 30_o gross_v and_o 30_o gross_v make_v 20_o penny_n regain_v this_o city_n of_o dantzic_n be_v take_v from_o the_o dane_n by_o sabislaus_n grandson_n to_o swentorohus_n about_o the_o year_n 1186_o and_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o pole_n some_o short_a time_n after_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o in_o 1305_o and_o wall_v it_o round_o in_o 1314._o casimir_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n surname_v the_o great_a regain_v it_o in_o 1454_o and_o grant_v very_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n who_o afterward_o declare_v for_o the_o auspurg-confession_n side_v with_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n against_o stephen_n batori_fw-la insomuch_o that_o the_o latter_a proscribe_v and_o even_o besiege_v they_o in_o 1577._o but_o however_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o prince_n they_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n in_o 1597._o in_o 1656._o they_o vigorous_o repulse_v the_o suede_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o present_a they_o make_v one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o state_n have_v be_v admit_v to_o a_o suffrage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o polish_v monarch_n in_o the_o year_n 1632._o king_n this_o my_o lord_n be_v what_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o gather_v from_o dr._n connor_n memoir_n and_o the_o best_a author_n that_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n and_o wherein_o if_o i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o correspond_v every_o where_o with_o your_o excellency_n great_a knowledge_n of_o those_o matter_n i_o hope_v at_o least_o i_o may_v be_v excuse_v upon_o account_n of_o my_o good_a will_n to_o entertain_v you_o and_o the_o public_a as_o far_o as_o my_o assistance_n go_v which_o if_o grant_v will_v abundant_o recompense_v the_o endeavour_n of_o my_o lord_n your_o excellency_n most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n viii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n earl_n of_o burlington_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n in_o the_o holy-land_n prussia_n and_o germany_n together_o with_o its_o present_a state_n in_o the_o empire_n my_o lord_n dr_n connor_n have_v design_v this_o letter_n for_o your_o lordship_n entertainment_n and_o not_o have_v have_v leisure_n to_o accomplish_v it_o himself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o urgency_n of_o his_o profession_n desire_v of_o i_o to_o address_v it_o for_o he_o but_o upon_o a_o just_a reflection_n on_o the_o meanness_n of_o my_o ability_n and_o a_o awful_a regard_n to_o your_o lordship_n grandeur_n i_o find_v i_o have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a reason_n to_o decline_v it_o yet_o however_o upon_o balance_v your_o goodness_n with_o your_o great_a quality_n and_o consider_v my_o well_o mean_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o my_o attempt_n i_o hope_v i_o may_v not_o be_v so_o unfortunate_a as_o to_o offend_v if_o i_o undertake_v it_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o great_a conformity_n which_o the_o subject_n i_o be_v to_o write_v of_o have_v with_o the_o hope_n which_o the_o nation_n have_v in_o you_o my_o lord_n order_n your_o lordship_n will_v here_o find_v that_o this_o order_n be_v first_o found_v to_o reward_n and_o encourage_v great_a action_n and_o that_o particular_o in_o the_o german_a nation_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n for_o when_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n barberossa_n have_v engage_v in_o the_o crusade_n for_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy-land_n a_o great_a number_n of_o german_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n join_v his_o army_n as_o volunteer_n of_o this_o crusade_n be_v several_a other_o great_a prince_n of_o europe_n such_o as_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n richard_n i._o king_n of_o england_n frederic_n duke_n of_o suabia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bavaria_n philip_n earl_n of_o flanders_n plorant_fw-la earl_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o emperor_n death_n the_o german_n be_v before_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n which_o they_o then_o besiege_v choose_v for_o their_o leader_n frederick_n duke_n of_o suabia_n second_o son_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a emperor_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n under_o these_o general_n they_o behave_v themselves_o so_o well_o both_o at_o the_o take_n of_o acon_n jerusalem_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o holy-land_n that_o henry_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n the_o patriarch_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o do_v something_o extraordinary_a in_o honour_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n hereupon_o they_o immediate_o resolve_v to_o erect_v a_o order_n of_o knight_n of_o that_o nation_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o st._n george_n but_o afterward_o they_o change_v that_o saint_n for_o the_o virgin_n mary_n by_o reason_n that_o she_o have_v a_o hospital_n already_o found_v on_o mount_n zion_n at_o jerusalem_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o german_a pilgrim_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o building_n which_o ashmole_n in_o his_o order_n of_o the_o garter_n give_v this_o follow_a account_n jerusalem_n he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy-war_n a_o wealthy_a gentleman_n of_o germany_n who_o dwell_v at_o jerusalem_n commiserate_v the_o condition_n of_o his_o countryman_n come_v thither_o on_o devotion_n and_o neither_o understanding_n the_o language_n of_o that_o place_n nor_o know_v where_o to_o lodge_v receive_v they_o hospitable_o into_o his_o house_n and_o give_v they_o all_o manner_n of_o suitable_a entertainment_n afterward_o obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o patriarch_n he_o erect_v a_o chapel_n for_o they_o and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n whence_o the_o knight_n that_o be_v establish_v there_o afterward_o come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o equites_fw-la mariani_n other_o german_a gentleman_n contribute_v large_o to_o the_o maintain_n and_o increase_n this_o charitable_a work_n insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n these_o knight_n become_v very_o numerous_a and_o wealthy_a and_o give_v themselves_o to_o military_a employment_n and_o to_o act_n of_o piety_n and_o charity_n title_n in_o the_o year_n 1190_o they_o elect_v their_o first_o great_a master_n henry_n walpot_n and_o in_o the_o year_n follow_v have_v their_o order_n confirm_v upon_o the_o request_n of_o
the_o emperor_n henry_n vi_o by_o the_o rull_n of_o pope_n celestine_n iii_o under_o the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n or_o dutch_a knight_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o st._n marry_o the_o virgin_n vow_v poverty_n obedience_n and_o chastity_n and_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o receive_v none_o but_o german_n into_o their_o order_n prussia_n after_o they_o have_v thus_o receive_v confirmation_n from_o the_o papal_a see_v some_o rich_a citizen_n of_o breme_n and_o lubeck_n join_v with_o they_o and_o make_v large_a contribution_n another_o hospital_n be_v erect_v for_o they_o in_o the_o city_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o syria_n but_o after_o that_o city_n together_o with_o jerusalem_n and_o all_o the_o holy-land_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o saracen_n under_o the_o command_n of_o saladin_n have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o christian_n for_o more_o than_o 87_o year_n before_o one_o hermannus_n then_o great_a master_n with_o the_o remain_a knight_n remove_v into_o germany_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n xi_o and_o pope_n honorius_n iii_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o conrade_z duke_n of_o masovia_n in_o 1226_o in_o the_o year_n 1229_o bestow_v the_o province_n of_o prussia_n where_o have_v conquer_a build_v that_o nation_n and_o reduce_v it_o from_o paganism_n to_o christianity_n they_o build_v the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n or_o mary-town_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1340_o fix_v the_o residence_n of_o their_o great_a master_n there_o wherefore_o this_o country_n they_o enjoy_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1525_o when_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o last_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n by_o a_o solemn_a renunciation_n become_v feudatory_a to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o raise_v prussia_n to_o a_o dukedom_n and_o make_v this_o marquis_n first_o duke_n thereof_o but_o however_o some_o of_o the_o knight_n dislike_a this_o action_n proceed_v to_o elect_a another_o great_a master_n which_o be_v walter_n the_o cronberg_n and_o forthwith_o leave_v prussia_n seat_v themselves_o in_o germany_n where_o they_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n though_o in_o no_o great_a reputation_n except_o that_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n be_v common_o admit_v of_o their_o order_n manner_n their_o statute_n be_v compose_v after_o the_o model_n of_o those_o of_o the_o knight_n hospitaller_n and_o knight_n templar_n at_o this_o day_n the_o knight_n of_o malta_n but_o nevertheless_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o these_o order_n their_o habit_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v a_o white_a mantle_n with_o a_o plain_a black_a cross_a on_o the_o breast_n though_o other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o black_a cross_n void_v with_o a_o cross_n potence_n this_o cross_n they_o be_v also_o to_o have_v upon_o white_a banner_n as_o likewise_o upon_o their_o shield_n and_o in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n they_o be_v moreover_o enjoin_v to_o live_v conformable_a to_o the_o order_n and_o rule_n of_o st._n austin_n their_o first_o number_n be_v 24_o lay-brother_n and_o 7_o priest_n yet_o heysse_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o empire_n tom_n i._o say_v they_o be_v at_o first_o 40._o they_o both_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v armour_n and_o sword_n and_o may_v celebrate_v mass_n in_o that_o habit._n none_o of_o they_o shave_v their_o beard_n but_o by_o their_o order_n be_v oblige_v to_o let_v they_o grow_v and_o to_o sleep_v upon_o sack_n of_o straw_n but_o however_o this_o with_o their_o other_o primitive_a injunction_n soon_o vanish_v prince_n this_o order_n be_v establish_v after_o the_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o all_o christian_a prince_n endeavour_v to_o give_v they_o encouragement_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n and_o emperor_n give_v they_o particular_a proof_n of_o their_o favour_n and_o liberality_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n also_o be_v willing_a to_o do_v the_o like_a on_o his_o part_n make_v they_o great_a present_n and_o moreover_o grant_v their_o great_a master_n a_o liberty_n to_o wear_v the_o flower_n delucc_n on_o the_o 4_o extremity_n of_o their_o cross_n prussia_n their_o power_n and_o force_n in_o war_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a succinct_a account_n and_o series_n of_o their_o several_a great_a master_n 1190._o their_o first_o great_a master_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o be_v henry_n walpot_n a_o native_a of_o germany_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1190_o who_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n 1200._o the_o second_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v otho_n the_o kerpen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o germany_n who_o after_o have_v enjoy_v this_o office_n but_o 6_o year_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n 1206._o the_o three_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n barth_n of_o alsace_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o and_o the_o emperor_n philip_n ii_o he_o preside_v over_o these_o knight_n only_o 4_o year_n than_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n under_o these_o two_o great_a master_n this_o order_n first_o begin_v to_o increase_v and_o flourish_v 1210._o the_o four_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n a_o salzen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o misnia_n under_o the_o several_a pontificate_n of_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o honorius_n and_o gregory_n ix_o and_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n be_v otho_n and_o frederic_n ii_o this_o master_n obtain_v great_a privilege_n for_o his_o order_n both_o from_o the_o aforesaid_a pope_n and_o emperor_n and_o john_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n for_o their_o have_v protect_v he_o against_o conrade_n king_n of_o syria_n add_v to_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o order_n a_o cross_n potence_n or_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a ensign_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o his_o time_n conrade_n marquess_z of_o thuringen_n be_v admit_v of_o the_o order_n he_o have_v above_o 2000_o german_a nobleman_n and_o knight_n in_o his_o order_n at_o once_o all_o which_o he_o govern_v for_o about_o 30_o year_n during_o his_o administration_n his_o order_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o holy-land_n by_o the_o saracen_n settle_v in_o prussia_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 20000_o and_o by_o help_n of_o the_o pole_n soon_o expel_v the_o pagan_a prussian_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o culmigeria_n he_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n which_o he_o build_v 1240._o the_o five_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_n marquis_n of_o thuringen_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o celestine_n iu._n and_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n ii_o he_o very_o much_o augment_v the_o conquest_n of_o his_o order_n and_o restore_v many_o ruinous_a fabric_n he_o build_v koningsberg_n in_o ducal_z prussia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1252._o the_o six_o great_a master_n be_v poppo_n ab_fw-la osternaw_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n innocent_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iu._n he_o have_v several_a glorious_a conquest_n over_o the_o prussian_n livonian_o and_o swentopelus_n duke_n of_o pomerania_n but_o at_o length_n before_o the_o city_n of_o lignitz_n be_v kill_v and_o rout_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v almost_o overrun_v all_o sarmatia_n poland_n and_o be_v afterward_o bury_v at_o uladislaw_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a swentopelus_n have_v be_v so_o extreme_o beat_v by_o these_o knight_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o afterward_o on_o his_o deathbed_n earnest_o recommend_v to_o his_o child_n to_o preserve_v the_o friendship_n he_o have_v contract_v but_o however_o mestowin_n his_o elder_a son_n forget_v his_o father_n order_n declare_a war_n anew_o against_o they_o but_o be_v likewise_o beat_v the_o knight_n overrun_v all_o pomerania_n and_o at_o length_n force_v this_o duke_n to_o a_o peace_n and_o moreover_o 3_o of_o his_o brother_n whereof_o the_o elder_a be_v name_v sambor_n become_v knight_n of_o this_o order_n 1263._o the_o seven_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v johannes_n sangerhusensis_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o office_n under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o alexander_n iu._n he_o very_o much_o allay_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o pagan_a prussian_n and_o in_o great_a measure_n regain_v the_o credit_n of_o his_o order_n forfeit_v to_o the_o tartar_n he_o rule_v 12_o year_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o treves_n in_o his_o time_n the_o city_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v build_v 1275._o the_o eight_o great_a master_n be_v hartman_n count_n of_o heidelberg_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o he_o be_v a_o very_a industrious_a person_n and_o get_v great_a ground_n of_o the_o prussian_n in_o his_o time_n the_o castle_n of_o marienburg_n be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1281._o he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o venice_n 1283._o the_o nine_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v buchardus_fw-la à _fw-la swenden_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n john_n and_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o
under_o his_o administration_n of_o affair_n the_o prussian_n be_v total_o reduce_v after_o 7_o year_n enjoyment_n of_o his_o office_n he_o abdicate_v it_o and_o live_v afterward_o at_o rhodes_n where_o he_o lie_v bury_v 1290._o the_o ten_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_z de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o and_o pope_n nicholas_n iu._n although_o this_o order_n make_v considerable_a progress_n under_o his_o administration_n yet_o at_o length_n it_o receive_v a_o great_a check_n in_o syria_n where_o the_o city_n of_o acon_n which_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o this_o order_n for_o some_o time_n be_v take_v by_o the_o sultan_n of_o egypt_n he_o die_v at_o prague_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o trebnicz_n 1297._o the_o eleven_o great_a master_n be_v godfrey_n count_n of_o hohenloh_n who_o be_v elect_v adolphus_n be_v emperor_n and_o celestine_n v._o pope_n he_o be_v a_o venetian_a bear_v and_o govern_v this_o order_n 10_o year_n he_o retake_v riga_n in_o livonia_n from_o the_o russian_n and_o cause_v its_o fortification_n to_o be_v demolish_v but_o not_o long_o after_o he_o restore_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n there_o to_o awe_v they_o he_o at_o length_n resign_v his_o office_n and_o die_v in_o germany_n 1307._o the_o twelve_o great_a master_n be_v sigfridus_n the_o feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o time_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o austria_n be_v emperor_n and_o clement_n pope_n he_o remove_v his_o seat_n from_o marpurg_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o marienburg_n for_o this_o order_n have_v reside_v there_o ever_o since_o their_o be_v oblige_v to_o leave_n syria_n this_o master_n rule_v only_o 2_o year_n and_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1309._o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n be_v charles_n beffart_n elect_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n and_o the_o pontificate_n of_o pope_n clement_n v._o he_o be_v a_o very_a wise_a and_o warlike_a person_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1312_o found_v the_o castle_n of_o memula_n in_o courland_n to_o hinder_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n upon_o his_o return_n from_o rome_n whither_o he_o have_v be_v cite_v for_o and_o clear_v of_o maladministration_n he_o die_v at_o vienna_n where_o he_o lie_v bury_v 1322._o the_o fourteen_o great_a master_n be_v vernerus_n urselensis_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n v._o and_o pope_n john_n he_o execute_v his_o trust_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o fidelity_n and_o bravery_n and_o be_v afterward_o murder_v by_o a_o brother_n of_o the_o order_n one_o john_n bunsdorfius_n while_o he_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o church_n from_o vesper_n 1325._o the_o fifteen_o great_a master_n be_v lewis_n d._n of_o brunswick_n he_o be_v a_o very_a prudent_a and_o pious_a man_n but_o rule_v only_o four_o year_n 1329._o the_o sixteen_o great_a master_n be_v districhus_n count_n algemburg_n elect_v when_o he_o be_v 80_o year_n old_a he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a eloquence_n authority_n and_o justice_n after_o have_v build_v st._n mary_n church_n at_o marienburg_n he_o die_v at_o thorn_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o st._n ann_n in_o marienburg_n 1339._o the_o seventeen_o great_a master_n be_v rodolfe_n duke_n of_o saxony_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n v._o and_o pope_n benedict_n xi_o he_o gather_v great_a force_n together_o and_o besiege_a and_o take_v neumarcovia_n in_o the_o interim_n the_o lithuanian_n invade_v prussia_n overrun_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n which_o this_o good_a master_n take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o first_o become_v mad_a then_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o office_n and_o afterward_o die_v of_o grief_n at_o marienwerder_n where_o he_o be_v bury_v 1342._o the_o eighteentth_n great_a master_n be_v henry_n de_fw-fr desmer_n or_o tuchmer_n elect_v in_o the_o pontificate_n of_o clement_n vi_o he_o have_v a_o famous_a battle_n with_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o russian_n wherein_o he_o kill_v above_o 10000_o of_o the_o enemy_n he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1348._o the_o nineteen_o great_a master_n be_v henry_n de_fw-fr kniprodien_fw-mi elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n vi_o and_o of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iii_o the_o forego_v war_n with_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o russian_n break_v out_o a_o fresh_a in_o his_o time_n wherein_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n keystutus_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o carry_v to_o marienburg_n whence_o he_o afterward_o escape_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o servant_n in_o this_o great_a master_n time_n one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a great_a duke_n become_v a_o christian_a at_o koningsberg_n and_o afterward_o be_v make_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv._o during_o his_o administration_n which_o be_v about_o 31_o year_n this_o order_n abound_v in_o learned_a men._n he_o die_v at_o marienburg_n and_o be_v there_o bury_v 1379._o the_o twenty_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_n zolner_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n wenceslaus_n and_o of_o pope_n urban_n vi_o he_o have_v several_a contest_v with_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o samogitian_n during_o the_o several_a reign_n of_o keystutus_n jagello_n votoldus_n and_o suidrigielo_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n after_o 8_o year_n administration_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o order_n 1388._o the_o twenty_o first_o adhere_v master_n be_v conrade_z de_fw-fr valenroden_n elect_v during_o the_o papacy_n of_o pope_n boniface_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o very_a warlike_a disposition_n but_o withal_o of_o a_o odd_a temper_n he_o hate_v and_o refuse_v his_o ecclesiastical_a brother_n access_n to_o he_o at_o the_o hour_n of_o his_o death_n in_o his_o time_n this_o order_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o lithuania_n by_o way_n of_o the_o river_n niemen_n and_o build_v three_o magazine_n near_o the_o castle_n of_o cowno_n by_o help_n of_o which_o they_o make_v great_a devastation_n in_o that_o country_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n 1394._o the_o twenty_o second_v great_a master_n be_v conrade_z de_fw-fr jungingen_n he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a peaceable_a temper_n and_o therefore_o not_o much_o belove_v by_o his_o order_n however_o he_o rule_v 12_o year_n and_o afterward_o die_v at_o marienburg_n and_o be_v there_o bury_v 1404._o the_o twenty_o third_z great_a master_n be_v ulric_n the_o jungingen_n brother_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a conrade_n he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n rupert_n and_o of_o pope_n gregory_n xii_o he_o be_v of_o a_o warlike_a temper_n and_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o he_o deviate_v not_o a_o little_a from_o his_o order_n he_o persecute_v his_o brother_n and_o take_v several_a of_o their_o possession_n from_o they_o after_o several_a war_n have_v with_o the_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n jagello_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o vitoldus_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n give_v he_o a_o total_a overthrow_n wherein_o this_o great_a master_n with_o about_o 200_o commendador_n and_o 5000_o other_o knight_n be_v kill_v and_o his_o general_n take_v prisoner_n although_o at_o the_o first_o onset_n the_o lithuanian_n lose_v about_o 7000_o men._n 1406._o the_o twenty_o four_o great_a master_n be_v henry_n count_n of_o plaven_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n and_o pope_n john_n this_o person_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o late_a overthrow_n on_o the_o pole_n but_o before_o he_o can_v effect_v any_o thing_n considerable_a he_o be_v depose_v throw_v into_o prison_n at_o engelsburg_n and_o thence_o remove_v to_o lecksteg_n where_o after_o 7_o year_n confinement_n he_o die_v in_o chain_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1414._o the_o twenty_o fifth_z great_a master_n be_v michael_n the_o sterbergen_n steward_n of_o the_o household_n to_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n in_o the_o very_a first_o year_n of_o his_o government_n jagello_n and_o vitoldus_n take_v from_o he_o and_o destroy_v several_a city_n but_o be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o retire_v he_o govern_v this_o order_n 9_o year_n but_o afterward_o desire_v his_o quietus_n he_o obtain_v it_o die_v at_o dantzic_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1323._o the_o twenty_o six_z great_a master_n be_v paul_n the_o rusdorfien_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n martin_n during_o his_o administration_n several_a of_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o prussia_n shake_v off_o the_o teutonic_n yoke_n and_o revolt_v to_o casimir_n iv._o king_n of_o poland_n he_o enjoy_v this_o office_n nine_o year_n also_o but_o die_v be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1432._o the_o twenty_o seven_o adhere_v master_n be_v conrade_n ab_fw-la herlingshausen_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n iii_o this_o great_a master_n treat_v casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n at_o thorn_n where_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v a_o inviolable_a
peace_n strike_v up_o between_o they_o this_o person_n have_v no_o war_n during_o his_o regency_n and_o at_o last_o die_v of_o grief_n on_o account_n of_o his_o brother_n perverseness_n he_o be_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1450._o the_o twenty_o eighth_z great_a master_n be_v lewis_n ab_fw-la herlingshausen_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o during_o his_o administration_n a_o far_a part_n of_o prussia_n revolt_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a casimir_n to_o who_o also_o the_o garrison_n of_o marienburg_n sell_v that_o city_n for_o 476000_o florin_n together_o with_o several_a other_o city_n and_o castle_n afterward_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v again_o into_o a_o peace_n with_o this_o order_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o obtain_v pomerania_n for_o which_o the_o pole_n have_v contest_v with_o these_o knight_n for_o upward_o of_o 150_o year_n this_o great_a master_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o koningsberg_n 1467._o the_o twenty_o nine_o adhere_v master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v henry_n rhew_v count_n of_o plaven_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o he_o only_o govern_v eleven_o week_n and_o then_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o koningsberg_n 1468._o the_o thirty_o great_a master_n be_v henry_n count_n of_o richtenberg_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o and_o of_o pope_n sixtus_n iu._n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o very_a turbulent_a and_o inexorable_a temper_n for_o he_o throw_v theodore_n a_o prussian_a bishop_n into_o chain_n and_o suffer_v he_o to_o die_v with_o hunger_n he_o govern_v this_o order_n twelve_o year_n and_o then_o die_v at_o koningsberg_n and_o be_v bury_v there_o 1480._o the_o thirty_o first_o great_a master_n be_v martin_n truchse_v of_o uveczhausen_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n iii_o and_o of_o pope_n sixtus_n iu._n he_o pay_v homage_n and_o obedience_n to_o casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n die_v at_o koningsberg_n and_o be_v bury_v there_o 1489._o the_o thirty_o second_v great_a master_n be_v john_n de_fw-fr tiefen_n a_o swiss_n elect_v when_o maximilian_n i._o be_v emperor_n and_o julius_n pope_n the_o first_o year_n he_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o albert_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o in_o the_o next_o assist_v that_o king_n against_o the_o valachian_n but_o by_o who_o he_o be_v defeat_v and_o kill_v he_o be_v bury_v at_o koningsberg_n 1498._o the_o thirty_o third_n great_a master_n be_v frederic_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o marquis_n of_o thuringen_n this_o person_n refuse_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o therefore_o his_o dominion_n be_v very_o much_o ravage_v by_o the_o pole_n for_o 12_o year_n together_o and_o he_o exclude_v his_o country_n at_o what_o time_n he_o die_v 1512._o the_o thirty_o four_o and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n be_v albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n and_o pope_n julius_n the_o chapter_n of_o this_o order_n choose_v he_o in_o hope_n that_o be_v so_o near_o a_o kinsman_n he_o may_v prevail_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o uncle_n to_o restore_v to_o they_o what_o have_v be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o pole_n but_o this_o great_a master_n be_v so_o far_o from_o answer_v their_o expectation_n that_o he_o likewise_o refuse_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o fortify_v all_o his_o city_n for_o his_o defence_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o draw_v a_o bloody_a war_n upon_o himself_o wherein_o great_a number_n be_v frequent_o slay_v and_o take_v on_o both_o side_n the_o particular_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o action_n i_o think_v may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n and_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v albert._n in_o the_o year_n 1519_o the_o war_n break_v out_o between_o he_o and_o his_o uncle_n and_o some_o few_o place_n be_v lose_v and_o take_v on_o both_o side_n but_o in_o 1529_o wolfang_n duke_n of_o schonemburg_n general_n of_o the_o teutonic_n army_n which_o consist_v of_o about_o 10000_o foot_n and_o 4000_o horse_n sit_v down_o before_o dantzick_n and_o from_o the_o bishop_n hill_n vulgar_o so_o call_v throw_v away_o near_o 4000_o bomb_n into_o the_o town_n to_o little_a or_o no_o purpose_n whilst_o the_o besieger_n be_v not_o a_o little_a incommoded_a by_o the_o town-cannon_n for_o scarce_o a_o man_n dare_v show_v his_o head_n but_o he_o have_v 40_o shot_n at_o he_o this_o so_o discourage_v the_o besieger_n that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o soon_o discover_v their_o inclination_n to_o be_v go_v and_o for_o that_o purpose_n begin_v to_o mutiny_n against_o their_o officer_n whilst_o they_o be_v thus_o waver_v in_o their_o resolution_n and_o scarce_o do_v any_o duty_n but_o by_o compulsion_n the_o polish_v army_n appear_v be_v 12000_o horse_n send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n for_o the_o besieger_n pole_n to_o scamper_v which_o they_o immediate_o set_v about_o with_o such_o precipitation_n that_o the_o pole_n find_v it_o no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o overtake_v even_o their_o foot_n yet_o however_o they_o kill_v some_o and_o take_v other_o prisoner_n after_o this_o the_o king_n army_n take_v in_o dirschow_n stargardie_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o choinicz_n and_o afterward_o proceed_v on_o with_o so_o great_a vigour_n and_o diligence_n that_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o order_n surrender'd_n themselves_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n be_v total_o expel_v prussia_n which_o their_o great_a master_n albert_n perceive_v as_o likewise_o that_o he_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o contend_v with_o so_o powerful_a a_o monarch_n as_o he_o of_o poland_n though_o his_o ancestor_n have_v former_o do_v it_o for_o many_o year_n yet_o than_o they_o be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o he_o at_o present_a be_v in_o resolve_v to_o submit_v himself_o and_o his_o order_n to_o his_o uncle_n mercy_n which_o he_o not_o long_o afterward_o do_v in_o the_o public_a marketplace_n of_o cracow_n sigismond_n for_o this_o purpose_n a_o throne_n be_v erect_v for_o the_o king_n much_o after_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o wherein_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o take_v the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o his_o subject_n after_o his_o coronation_n as_o your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v in_o the_o letter_n to_o my_o lord_n marlborough_n then_o the_o marquis_n deliver_v up_o the_o ensign_n of_o his_o order_n to_o the_o king_n and_o swear_v all_o manner_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o his_o majesty_n return_v he_o the_o ensign_n of_o prussia_n quarter_v with_o the_o polish_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n create_v he_o a_o duke_n of_o part_n of_o that_o country_n which_o from_o thence_o forward_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n and_o continue_v all_o along_o in_o his_o family_n to_o this_o day_n germany_n the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v thus_o expel_v prussia_n they_o transfer_v their_o chapter_n to_o mergentheim_n or_o as_o some_o say_v to_o marienthall_n in_o franconia_n where_o they_o choose_v 1531._o walter_n de_fw-fr cronberg_n for_o their_o thirty_o five_o great_a master_n and_o administrator_n of_o prussia_n this_o great_a master_n appeal_v to_o the_o emperor_n concern_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o his_o order_n by_o albert_n as_o likewise_o get_v albert_n excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n he_o afterward_o take_v his_o seat_n in_o the_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o empire_n equal_a with_o the_o archbishop_n as_o be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n he_o die_v after_o 18_o year_n administration_n of_o this_o office_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o mergentheim_n 1543._o the_o thirty_o six_z great_a master_n be_v wolfang_n schutzbar_n otherwise_o call_v milchling_n elect_v in_o the_o chapter_n at_o spire_n the_o 16_o of_o april_n he_o have_v be_v provincial_a commander_n of_o the_o country_n of_o hesse_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o go_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o in_o his_o war_n about_o religion_n he_o recover_v the_o seat_n of_o this_o order_n at_o marpurg_n which_o have_v be_v usurp_v by_o the_o landtgrave_n of_o hesse_n after_o several_a more_o famous_a action_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1566._o 1566._o the_o thirty_o seven_o great_a master_n be_v george_n hundt_n de_fw-fr menckheim_n governor_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o franconia_n he_o die_v after_o 6_o year_n regency_n at_o mergentheim_n and_o be_v bury_v there_o in_o the_o year_n 1572._o 1572._o the_o thirty_o eighth_z great_a master_n be_v henry_n de_fw-fr bobenhausen_n elect_v at_o the_o general_n assembly_n of_o the_o knight_n at_o ulm_n upon_o the_o danube_n this_o great_a master_n upon_o george_n frederic_n marque_v of_o brandenburg_n possess_v himself_o of_o
primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o title_n give_v he_o by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n and_o moreover_o style_v himself_o the_o pope_n legate_n bear_v by_o a_o grant_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n that_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o bishop_n court_n may_v be_v reverse_v or_o confirm_v in_o a_o appeal_n to_o he_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v exceed_o great_a and_o even_o next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v it_o be_v death_n to_o draw_v a_o sword_n in_o his_o presence_n or_o to_o quarrel_v in_o any_o manner_n whatsoever_o before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o the_o diet_n there_o be_v always_o a_o golden_a cross_n carry_v before_o he_o and_o when_o he_o sit_v his_o chaplain_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n he_o have_v his_o marshal_n who_o be_v a_o castellan_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o person_n on_o horseback_n carry_v a_o staff_n before_o his_o coach_n but_o salute_v none_o with_o it_o except_o the_o king_n when_o the_o archbishop_n and_o he_o happen_v to_o meet_v this_o marshal_n have_v likewise_o the_o honour_n to_o carry_v the_o like_a staff_n before_o the_o king_n where_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n the_o great_a chamberlain_n or_o some_o other_o great_a officer_n always_o receive_v he_o at_o the_o stair-foot_n and_o the_o king_n afterward_o come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o antichamber_n he_o never_o pay_v any_o visit_n out_o of_o duty_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o to_o he_o only_o but_o once_o he_o visit_v no_o king_n ambassador_n though_o they_o visit_v he_o first_o rex_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n he_o be_v the_o supreme_a regent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o a_o new_a one_o be_v choose_v during_o which_o time_n he_o may_v coin_v money_n in_o his_o own_o name_n a_o privilege_n grant_v he_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o which_o nevertheless_o have_v not_o be_v practise_v no_o money_n have_v ever_o be_v see_v of_o his_o coin_n the_o revenue_n also_o of_o the_o crown_n belong_v to_o he_o in_o the_o inter-regnum_n he_o convoke_v the_o diet_n and_o dissolve_v it_o at_o pleasure_n and_o in_o case_n there_o happen_v any_o thing_n extraordinary_a the_o government_n assign_v he_o several_a senator_n for_o his_o assistant_n in_o short_a he_o be_v tantum_n non_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o only_o can_v proclaim_v the_o king_n when_o elect_v and_o crown_v he_o afterward_o except_o where_o he_o die_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a case_n which_o be_v so_o very_o considerable_a that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o ambassador_n and_o envoy_n of_o the_o candidate_n as_o the_o only_a person_n upon_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o therefore_o all_o of_o they_o do_v their_o utmost_a to_o make_v he_o their_o friend_n hereupon_o i_o must_v acquaint_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n john_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o when_o one_o czartoreski_n be_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v entire_o in_o the_o austrian_a interest_n and_o a_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o by_o consequence_n both_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o french_a and_o john_n sobieski_n party_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v bring_v to_o proclaim_v he_o but_o as_o it_o happen_v he_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n and_o that_o power_n devolve_v to_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v altogether_o for_o the_o grand_a marshal_n forthwith_o proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n much_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o republic_n entrust_v this_o great_a authority_n to_o a_o clergyman_n be_v for_o fear_n that_o if_o it_o be_v bestow_v on_o a_o secular_a senator_n he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o to_o advance_v himself_o to_o the_o throne_n see_n this_o archbishops_n see_v be_v at_o lowitz_n a_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n in_o low_a poland_n he_o be_v bear_v a_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o plosko_fw-mi the_o second_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o red-russia_n so_o name_v from_o a_o sovereign_a duke_n of_o that_o province_n call_v leo_n who_o be_v subdue_v by_o a_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o lescus_n vi._n leopol_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o three_o bishop_n viz._n the_o roman-catholick_n archbishop_n the_o armenian-catholick_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a greek_a schismatic_a bishop_n these_o two_o archbishop_n have_v the_o same_o belief_n and_o religion_n only_o the_o armenian_a have_v some_o particular_a ceremony_n wherein_o they_o differ_v and_o the_o woman_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o man_n in_o the_o church_n persuasion_n the_o russian_a or_o greek-schismatic_a bishop_n can_v marry_v because_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o order_n of_o friar_n of_o st._n basil_n who_o all_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n nevertheless_o the_o parish_n priest_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o live_v in_o coelibacy_n that_o be_v if_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o order_n after_o their_o marriage_n for_o they_o can_v be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v their_o wife_n but_o however_o when_o their_o wife_n die_v they_o can_v marry_v again_o unless_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o relinquish_v their_o priesthood_n ornoment_n their_o liturgy_n be_v in_o the_o russian_a language_n be_v as_o the_o polish_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o sclavovian_a their_o tenet_n be_v that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n proceed_v from_o the_o father_n by_o the_o son_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o head_n of_o all_o the_o church_n but_o only_o the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o patriarch_n whereof_o they_o of_o constantinople_n be_v the_o second_o and_o independent_a of_o the_o first_o in_o other_o article_n of_o belief_n they_o agree_v with_o the_o roman_a church_n their_o ceremony_n and_o ornament_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a and_o armenian_a they_o pray_v stand_v though_o they_o make_v frequent_a genuflexion_n they_o receive_v the_o communion_n in_o both_o kind_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o priest_n consecrate_v several_a little_a piece_n of_o bread_n make_v with_o leaven_n after_o which_o he_o receive_v himself_o and_o then_o break_v the_o bread_n in_o divers_a little_a piece_n which_o do_v he_o put_v they_o into_o the_o chalice_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n and_o then_o with_o a_o little_a silver_n spoon_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n he_o communicate_v to_o the_o people_n who_o all_o stand_v with_o their_o arm_n across_o upon_o their_o breast_n when_o they_o receive_v this_o do_v the_o communicant_n follow_v the_o priest_n thrice_o about_o the_o altar_n with_o fold_a arm_n who_o all_o the_o while_n advise_v and_o charge_v they_o to_o make_v good_a cheer_n for_o seven_o day_n together_o and_o to_o fast_v the_o next_o seven_o day_n after_o that_o the_o russian_n likewise_o make_v their_o child_n communicate_v though_o never_o so_o young_a when_o they_o have_v all_o take_v the_o sacramenâ—â—_n the_o priest_n consume_v the_o rest_n at_o his_o pleasure_n this_o digression_n be_v curious_a i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o insert_v it_o but_o now_o i_o must_v proceed_v to_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n who_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lie_v in_o high_a or_o little_a poland_n power_n this_o be_v first_o a_o archbishopric_n establish_v by_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o in_o the_o year_n 964._o immediate_o after_o he_o have_v embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n but_o be_v afterward_o lose_v by_o mean_n of_o one_o lampert_n who_o be_v make_v archbishop_n and_o value_v himself_o too_o much_o on_o his_o birth_n neglect_v to_o send_v to_o rome_n for_o consecration_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n order_v it_o for_o the_o future_a to_o remain_v only_o a_o bishopric_n what_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o bishopric_n be_v that_o the_o archbishopric_n and_o that_o have_v frequent_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o person_n this_o bishop_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o severia_n in_o which_o all_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a both_o to_o his_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a jurisdiction_n residence_n his_o usual_a residence_n be_v either_o at_o bozentium_n a_o small_a town_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bald_a mountain_n or_o else_o at_o kielsk_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n he_o have_v in_o his_o diocese_n 1018._o church_n of_o which_o thirteen_o be_v collegiate_n precedence_n his_o seat_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n and_o next_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n though_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v on_o the_o right_n he_o be_v the_o first_o bishop_n in_o the_o kingdom_n this_o bishopric_n be_v former_o join_v to_o
gnesna_n a_o address_n to_o this_o bishop_n be_v common_o admodum_fw-la reverendo_fw-la when_o other_o have_v only_o reverendo_fw-la the_o four_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o see_n bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomerania_n the_o see_v of_o who_o bishopric_n be_v at_o vladislaw_n upon_o the_o vistula_n four_o league_n below_o thorn_n in_o low_a poland_n authority_n his_o seat_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o place_n he_o officiate_n in_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la as_o your_o grace_n may_v have_v observe_v before_o his_o bishopric_n be_v former_o call_v the_o bishopric_n of_o cruswick_n because_o he_o have_v a_o cathedral_n church_n there_o but_o that_o be_v translate_v to_o vladislaw_n at_o this_o day_n it_o have_v sometime_o the_o name_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o vladislaw_n residence_n his_o usual_a residence_n when_o in_o poland_n be_v either_o at_o wolboria_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi or_o lagovia_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n and_o when_o in_o prussia_n be_v chief_o at_o sobkovia_n the_o five_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n on_o the_o river_n vilia_fw-la which_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n niemen_n below_o cowno_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n extend_v itself_o through_o lithuania_n and_o white-russia_n even_o to_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n the_o six_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n a_o city_n in_o low_a or_o great_a poland_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la there_o be_v the_o tomb_n of_o several_a king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o this_o city_n all_o which_o be_v very_o magnificent_a diocese_n his_o diocese_n not_o only_o extend_v through_o the_o province_n of_o posnania_n but_o also_o through_o some_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n as_o warsaw_n etc._n etc._n the_o seven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi a_o small_a city_n in_o masovia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n five_o league_n above_o vladislaw_n jurisdiction_n he_o have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o territory_n of_o pultausk_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n have_v over_o the_o duchy_n of_o severia_n and_o wherein_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o pultausk_n in_o masovia_n upon_o the_o river_n narew_n which_o run_v into_o the_o bug_n two_o league_n below_o the_o eight_o eclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n in_o royal_a prussia_n which_o bishopric_n be_v so_o divide_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v two_o part_n and_o the_o chapter_n the_o three_o and_o in_o which_o they_o have_v jurisdiction_n a_o free_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o gentry_n exempt_v from_o the_o regal_a power_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o frawenberg_n a_o little_a town_n near_o frischaff_a the_o nine_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n or_o lucko_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o high_a volhynia_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n contain_v part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n podlachia_n and_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o ten_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o premislia_n or_o premislaw_n a_o city_n of_o red-russia_n on_o the_o river_n san_n six_o league_n above_o jeroslaw_n and_o twelve_o from_o leopol_n bishop_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o greek-schismatic_n bishop_n it_o be_v here_o that_o a_o canon_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n name_v orikowski_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o lutheranism_n maintain_v the_o first_o that_o priest_n may_v marry_v and_o who_o marry_v afterward_o himself_o in_o the_o year_n 1549._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o the_o eleven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o samogitia_n who_o obtain_v from_o pope_n curland_n vrban_n viii_o that_o he_o may_v likewise_o be_v bishop_n of_o curland_n see_n this_o bishop_n have_v no_o particular_a see_v appoint_v but_o sometime_o reside_v at_o midnich_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o that_o province_n the_o twelve_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n a_o city_n of_o royal_a prussia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n six_o league_n above_o the_o city_n of_o thorn_n precedence_n this_o bishop_n former_o precede_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o lubavia_n as_o likewise_o at_o stargardie_a which_o the_o german_n call_v althousen_n the_o thirteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge in_fw-ge red-russia_n there_o be_v beside_o in_o this_o city_n a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n wherefore_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge have_v for_o some_o time_n translate_v his_o see_n to_o kranostaw_fw-mi a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n of_o chelm_fw-ge build_v upon_o a_o great_a lake_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n nieper_n this_o translation_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosak_n and_o who_o have_v altogether_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o fourteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n capital_a city_n of_o low_a volhynia_n honorary_a and_o of_o all_o vkraina_n moscovy_n here_o be_v moreover_o a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n formerly_z primate_n of_o all_o russia_n or_o moscovy_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n be_v all_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o at_o present_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a czar_n the_o fifteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o caminiec_n capital_a of_o podolia_n which_o be_v now_o under_o the_o turk_n the_o sixteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o smolensko_n upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n capital_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o duchy_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o lithuania_n but_o now_o be_v also_o subdue_v by_o the_o moscovite_n court_n every_o one_o of_o these_o bishop_n have_v a_o great_a retinue_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o little_a court_n have_v several_a ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a officer_n about_o he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o also_o have_v suffragans_fw-la because_o they_o believe_v themselves_o chief_o make_v bishop_n to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n and_o not_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n and_o therefore_o allow_v these_o a_o small_a pension_n to_o perform_v all_o episcopal_a function_n for_o they_o guagnini_n say_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1506._o there_o be_v a_o great_a contest_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n between_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o lay_v senator_n for_o the_o latter_a pretend_v to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n but_o which_o at_o length_n the_o bishop_n overpower_a they_o in_o and_o thereby_o retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n revenue_n krzistanowic_n in_o his_o state_n of_o poland_n say_v that_o such_o be_v the_o piety_n of_o the_o pole_n that_o immediate_o after_o they_o become_v christian_n they_o prefer_v their_o clergy_n to_o their_o laity_n and_o allow_v they_o many_o noble_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n most_o of_o the_o bishop_n have_v very_o large_a revenue_n wherewith_o they_o may_v not_o only_o live_v splendid_o and_o comfortable_o themselves_o but_o also_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o charitable_a to_o the_o poor_a lithuania_n here_o i_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o give_v your_o grace_n by_o way_n of_o digression_n some_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o religion_n both_o in_o poland_n and_o lithnania_n together_o with_o a_o few_o historical_a circumstance_n relate_v as_o well_o to_o modern_a as_o more_o remote_a time_n and_o wherein_o i_o shall_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o be_v as_o concise_a and_o comprehensive_a as_o the_o several_a particular_n i_o have_v to_o go_v through_o will_v admit_v pole_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o pole_n become_v christian_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o in_o the_o year_n 964._o as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o life_n of_o that_o king_n the_o first_o tenet_n they_o embrace_v be_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o however_o the_o russian_n entertain_v the_o greek_a persuasion_n which_o they_o continue_v in_o many_o place_n of_o that_o province_n to_o this_o day_n they_o be_v utter_o averse_a to_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o term_v its_o professor_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n latin_n their_o service_n be_v in_o that_o language_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o greek_a church_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o schismatic_n and_o the_o vniat_n whereof_o the_o latter_a differ_v only_o from_o the_o roman_a catholic_n in_o that_o their_o devotion_n be_v all_o in_o the_o greek_a language_n the_o priest_n of_o both_o these_o church_n be_v call_v popi_n the_o word_n pop_n in_o polish_v signify_v a_o
to_o the_o people_n knight_v next_o day_n the_o king_n go_v on_o horseback_n rich_o attire_v and_o in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n some_o of_o the_o senators_z carrying_z the_o regalia_z before_o he_o the_o order_n of_o march_n be_v the_o bishop_n behind_o and_o the_o lay_n senator_n before_o and_o then_o the_o other_o officer_n nuncios_fw-la etc._n etc._n before_o they_o while_o he_o be_v in_o procession_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n scatter_v among_o the_o people_n a_o great_a number_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n medal_n more_o from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o town-house_n here_o he_o be_v habit_v anew_o with_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o splendid_a throne_n erect_v on_o purpose_n when_o the_o senate_n sit_v in_o a_o inferior_a degree_n on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n come_v to_o pay_v he_o their_o homage_n and_o to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o loyalty_n present_v he_o again_o 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for_o fear_n they_o shall_v be_v think_v impudent_a and_o immodest_a the_o other_o marriage_n of_o the_o gentry_n in_o poland_n be_v perform_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o with_o less_o magnificence_n dispensation_n the_o man_n and_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v godfather_n and_o godmother_n to_o child_n be_v always_o cousin_n and_o relation_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o before_o and_o consequent_o can_v be_v marry_v without_o a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n procession_n the_o ceremony_n of_o burial_n in_o poland_n be_v usual_o celebrate_v with_o so_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n that_o one_o will_v rather_o take_v they_o for_o triumph_n than_o enterment_n the_o corpse_n have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o coffin_n it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hearse_n or_o chariot_n with_o six_o horse_n all_o cover_v with_o black_a housing_n the_o coffin_n have_v a_o
kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o any_o of_o these_o mine_n as_o likewise_o to_o those_o of_o any_o metal_n find_v upon_o their_o land_n there_o be_v by_o the_o constitution_n no_o royal_a mine_n in_o poland_n except_o those_o of_o white_a salt_n only_o which_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o the_o king_n papermill_n throughout_o all_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o corn_n and_o cachat-mill_n but_o scarce_o any_o for_o full_v or_o paper_n yet_o which_o they_o may_v very_o well_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a number_n of_o rapid_a stream_n in_o this_o and_o in_o other_o respect_n the_o pole_n be_v very_o negligent_a of_o their_o own_o interest_n be_v content_a to_o pay_v great_a rate_n for_o cloth_n and_o paper_n when_o they_o may_v easy_o have_v both_o of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n fish_n as_o for_o leather_n though_o no_o people_n use_v it_o more_o have_v almost_o all_o boot_n and_o chariot_n which_o they_o call_v ridevans_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o care_n to_o take_v the_o trouble_n of_o dress_v it_o themselves_o but_o suffer_v foreigner_n to_o do_v it_o for_o they_o and_o which_o common_o they_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o when_o do_v the_o pole_n trade_n very_o much_o in_o fresh_a fish_n among_o themselves_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o fish_n i_o imagine_v may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o excellency_n have_v something_o peculiar_a in_o it_o fish_v their_o lake_n and_o fishpond_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n be_v general_o so_o large_a that_o it_o will_v be_v almost_o impossible_a ever_o to_o drain_v they_o they_o usual_o choose_v to_o fish_v they_o in_o winter_n when_o they_o be_v all_o freeze_a up_o they_o first_o make_v a_o great_a hole_n in_o the_o ice_n to_o let_v down_o their_o net_n and_o afterward_o several_a little_a one_o from_o place_n to_o place_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v they_o along_o from_o hole_n to_o hole_n with_o a_o rope_n fasten_v to_o a_o long_a pole_n till_o they_o bring_v they_o back_o to_o the_o first_o large_a open_n when_o the_o two_o end_n of_o the_o net_n be_v bring_v together_o they_o pull_v they_o up_o and_o bring_v out_o with_o they_o all_o the_o fish_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v within_o the_o space_n of_o water_n through_o which_o the_o net_n be_v draw_v for_o they_o can_v possible_o leap_v over_o they_o because_o of_o the_o ice_n produce_v throughout_o all_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v huge_a quantity_n of_o honey_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o wood_n either_o in_o hollow_a tree_n hole_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o any_o where_o else_o that_o the_o bee_n can_v find_v to_o settle_v in_o of_o this_o honey_n as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o people_n make_v several_a sort_n of_o mead_n with_o which_o and_o the_o wax_n that_o come_v from_o it_o they_o trade_v very_o much_o into_o the_o neighbour_a country_n now_o be_v it_o not_o a_o great_a wonder_n that_o these_o bee_n can_v produce_v so_o great_a plenty_n of_o honey_n in_o so_o cold_a a_o climate_n but_o it_o seem_v they_o find_v something_o in_o the_o fir-tree_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a number_n in_o every_o wood_n that_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o flower_n which_o they_o suck_v their_o material_n from_o in_o other_o country_n prussia_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o give_v your_o excellency_n a_o description_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n i_o must_v take_v some_o cursory_a notice_n of_o the_o former_a trade_n of_o prussia_n before_o its_o inhabitant_n come_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o money_n in_o the_o xiiith_o century_n the_o teutonic_n knight_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n into_o prussia_n bring_v along_o with_o they_o the_o coin_n of_o their_o country_n for_o before_o that_o time_n the_o prussian_n only_o barter_v commodity_n with_o their_o neighbour_n their_o chief_a trade_n than_o lie_v in_o electrum_n or_o amber_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o which_o hartman_n a_o late_a german_a author_n give_v this_o account_n he_o say_v that_o since_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v melt_v down_o nor_o be_v malleable_a it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v be_v metal_n and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o solid_a a_o body_n to_o come_v under_o the_o species_n of_o sulphur_n or_o bitumen_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v rank_v among_o the_o precious_a stone_n this_o amber_n be_v of_o divers_a colour_n and_o notwithstanding_o hartman_n insinuate_v it_o to_o be_v always_o solid_a yet_o be_v it_o certain_a that_o sometime_o it_o be_v as_o liquid_a as_o oil_n there_o be_v a_o black_a sort_n of_o it_o which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o call_v jet_n a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n siâ—ate_a to_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o dantzic_n in_o latin_a dantiscum_n or_o gedanum_n your_o excellency_n may_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v the_o capital_a and_o largest_n city_n in_o royal_a prussia_n and_o lie_v in_o 41_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n of_o longitude_n and_o in_o 54_o degree_n and_o 20_o minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v situate_a in_o one_o of_o the_o three_o island_n of_o which_o regal_a prussia_n consist_v call_v by_o the_o germane_a der_fw-mi dantzicher_n werder_n the_o other_o two_o have_v the_o name_n of_o der_fw-mi marienbursche_n werder_n and_o der_fw-mi elbingsâ—her_n werder_n this_o name_n der_fw-mi werder_n imply_v proper_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o solid_a ground_n encompass_v by_o fen_n and_o bog_n call_v by_o who_o this_o city_n be_v first_o build_v remain_v as_o yet_o undetermined_a becanus_n will_v have_v the_o dane_n to_o have_v be_v the_o founder_n of_o it_o and_o from_o they_o to_o have_v be_v call_v danes-wick_n i._n e._n danes-town_n but_o this_o derivation_n seem_v to_o have_v too_o much_o dutch_a in_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o to_o the_o word_n dan_fw-mi cdan_n or_o gdan_n be_v add_v the_o sclavonian_a term_n scke_n signify_v a_o town_n which_o make_v it_o danscke_o cdanscke_n or_o gdanscke_n and_o which_o may_v very_o reasonable_o be_v suppose_v afterward_o for_o better_a pronunciation_n sake_n to_o be_v change_v into_o dantzig_n or_o dantzic_n place_n it_o be_v distant_a about_o 80_o polish_v miles_n from_o cracow_n 40_o from_o posnan_n 50_o from_o warsaw_n 30_o from_o gnesna_n 22_o from_o throne_n 24_o from_o koningsberg_n 8_o from_o elbing_n 6_o from_o marienburg_n and_o near_o 4_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o be_v build_v on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o vistula_n on_o the_o north-west_n side_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a island_n strength_n the_o town_n itself_o be_v water_v by_o the_o river_n rodawn_n and_o motlaw_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o former_a into_o two_o part_n the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a on_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a side_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o be_v well_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1656._o it_o have_v a_o large_a and_o high_a wall_n so_o broad_a that_o coach_n easy_o go_v round_a the_o rampart_n and_o so_o large_a in_o compass_n that_o it_o be_v three_o hour_n journey_n round_o which_o i_o may_v very_o well_o compute_v at_o six_o english_a mile_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o rodawn_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o have_v a_o strong_a fort_n wherein_o there_o be_v common_o keep_v a_o garrison_n of_o 1000_o soldier_n it_o be_v impossible_a this_o city_n shall_v be_v bombard_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o distance_n from_o it_o but_o from_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n it_o may_v and_o therefore_o some_o work_n be_v raise_v there_o and_o always_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o soldier_n with_o store_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n place_v in_o they_o for_o its_o great_a security_n town_n this_o city_n be_v at_o present_a a_o famous_a mart_n and_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o hanse-town_n be_v altogether_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n though_o under_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n from_o which_o it_o have_v a_o castellan_n appoint_v over_o it_o half_a of_o the_o suburb_n belong_v to_o that_o crown_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o city_n for_o in_o some_o part_n the_o crown-land_n reach_v to_o the_o suburb_n but_o in_o other_o the_o city-land_n go_v several_a miles_n together_o into_o the_o country_n garden_n there_o be_v twenty_o parish_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o suburb_n the_o house_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n and_o the_o street_n most_o common_o very_o large_a and_o well_o pave_v though_o somewhat_o dirty_a in_o winter_n as_o most_o of_o the_o town_n in_o poland_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o city_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n die_v rechte_v stadt_n be_v build_v by_o conrade_n wallenrodt_n master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n about_o the_o year_n 1388._o there_o be_v no_o garden_n in_o the_o city_n but_o nevertheless_o several_a very_a fine_a and_o large_a
curland_n as_o baron_n blomberg_n say_v be_v not_o total_o subdue_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1488_o when_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o order_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o for_o some_o time_n before_o have_v be_v invite_v thither_o by_o volquinus_n the_o ii_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n degree_n the_o first_o effort_n to_o convert_v livonia_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v make_v by_o ansgarius_n the_o danish_a and_o suedish_n apostle_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o adam_n of_o breme_n in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n afterward_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o xith_o century_n a_o certain_a merchant_n by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n build_v a_o church_n there_o but_o which_o have_v little_a effect_n till_o a_o succeed_a king_n of_o denmark_n waldemar_n ii_o found_v a_o bishopric_n in_o this_o country_n however_o christianity_n gain_v but_o little_a ground_n in_o livonia_n till_o near_o the_o xiith_o century_n about_o the_o year_n 1180_o when_o 1180._o meinhard_n de_fw-fr segeberg_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubec_n make_v further_o advance_v therein_o and_o be_v first_o ordain_v bishop_n of_o livonia_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o breme_n 1194._o to_o he_o succeed_v berthold_n abbot_n of_o cisteaux_n in_o france_n who_o begin_v to_o build_v riga_n and_o who_o be_v first_o style_v bishop_n and_o afterward_o archbishop_n thereof_o this_o archbishop_n be_v kill_v the_o same_o year_n he_o be_v elect_v in_o a_o battle_n against_o the_o infidel_n 1194._o next_o come_v one_o albert_n to_o be_v choose_v in_o who_o time_n the_o order_n of_o livonian_a knight_n be_v institute_v by_o the_o pope_n to_o make_v a_o speedy_a progress_n in_o plant_v the_o christian_a religion_n here_o 1205._o the_o first_o master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v vinno_n who_o build_v wenda_n segenwald_n and_o ascherod_n in_o his_o time_n likewise_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n build_v reval_n nerva_n and_o wittenburg_n in_o eastland_n and_o pilten_n in_o curland_n where_o he_o have_v before_o establish_v a_o bishopric_n there_o go_v a_o story_n of_o the_o sound_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v this_o when_o king_n waldemar_n have_v resolve_v to_o build_v here_o he_o demand_v of_o ernemodus_n the_o bishop_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v over_o that_o diocese_n where_o he_o shall_v lay_v the_o foundation_n to_o which_o the_o bishop_n reply_v if_o your_o majesty_n please_v let_v it_o be_v yonder_o where_o that_o boy_n stand_v hence_o it_o seem_v the_o city_n come_v to_o have_v the_o name_n of_o pilten_n that_o word_n in_o the_o idiom_n of_o this_o country_n as_o pontanus_n affirm_v signify_v a_o boy_n or_o servant_n vinno_n after_o 18_o year_n administration_n of_o this_o government_n resign_v it_o to_o 1223._o volquinus_n who_o in_o the_o same_o year_n build_v felin_n in_o eastland_n afterward_o this_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1234_o request_v of_o herman_n a_o salza_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o prussia_n that_o his_o order_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o have_v the_o same_o rule_n and_o habit_n with_o they_o but_o which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n refuse_v nevertheless_o after_o the_o death_n of_o volquinus_n it_o be_v obtain_v in_o the_o year_n 1238_o and_o confirm_v soon_o after_o by_o pope_n gregory_n ix_o and_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n ii_o 1238._o hereupon_o herman_n bà lke_n be_v dispatch_v from_o the_o prussian_a order_n to_o the_o livonian_a knight_n to_o be_v their_o provincial_a master_n 1240._o next_o come_v heinric_n ab_fw-la heimburg_n to_o be_v their_o master_n neither_o who_o nor_o his_o predecessor_n herman_n balk_v molest_v the_o curlander_n with_o war_n who_o as_o yet_o continue_v pagan_n as_o volquinus_n and_o vinno_n have_v do_v 1248._o after_o he_o dietericus_n a_o groningen_n be_v elect_v and_o send_v from_o prussia_n for_o their_o provincial_a master_n he_o march_v against_o the_o curlander_n with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o take_v in_o several_a place_n that_o oppose_v he_o and_o afterward_o build_v goldingen_n in_o the_o province_n of_o curland_n hereupon_o the_o curlander_n fear_v that_o they_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o christian_a doctrine_n against_o their_o will_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o mindog_n then_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n although_o the_o lithuanian_a writer_n say_v that_o curland_n have_v long_o before_o that_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n 1250._o the_o four_o provincial_a master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n be_v andrew_n a_o stuckland_n who_o manage_v his_o affair_n so_o vigorous_o that_o the_o semigallian_a pagan_n soon_o submit_v to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o this_o master_n the_o aforesaid_a mindog_n have_v formal_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o lithuania_n by_o henry_n bishop_n of_o culm_n and_o albert_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n by_o a_o order_n from_o pope_n innocent_n iu._n he_o among_o other_o province_n restore_v curland_n to_o the_o livonian_a order_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o notwithstanding_o this_o voluntary_a concession_n to_o these_o knight_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o curlander_n to_o be_v so_o easy_o subject_v for_o we_o find_v in_o almost_o all_o the_o follow_a master_n life_n that_o they_o have_v various_a war_n with_o these_o people_n master_n the_o five_o provincial_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v eberth_n c._n a_o seine_n master_n the_o six_o provincial_a master_n be_v hanno_n the_o sangerhausen_n master_n the_o seven_o provincial_a master_n be_v burghardus_fw-la ab_fw-la hornhusen_n master_n the_o eight_o provincial_a master_n be_v georgius_n ab_fw-la eikstet_fw-la master_n the_o nine_o provincial_a master_n be_v vernerus_n a_o breithusen_n master_n the_o ten_o provincial_a master_n be_v conrade_n a_o mandern_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1269_o build_v mittaw_n in_o semigallia_n master_n the_o eleven_o provincial_a master_n be_v otho_n a_o rodenstein_n master_n the_o twelve_o provincial_a master_n be_v andrew_n who_o surname_n be_v forget_v r_o the_o thirteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v walter_n a_o nordeck_n master_n the_o fourteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v ernestus_n a_o rasborg_n master_n the_o fifteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v conrade_n a_o feuchtwangen_n master_n the_o sixteen_o provincial_a master_n be_v willekenus_n a_o schurborcg_n slay_v in_o battle_n 1488._o the_o seventeen_o provincial_a master_n be_v conrade_n herzogenstein_n under_o who_o administration_n the_o sturdy_a semigallian_n be_v total_o subdue_v although_o some_o say_v they_o afterward_o give_v frequent_a disturbance_n to_o this_o order_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o provincial_a master_n name_n i_o do_v not_o find_v till_o we_o come_v to_o 1513._o walter_n plettenberg_n who_o upon_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburgh_n resign_v his_o order_n to_o sigismundus_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n obtain_v leave_v from_o that_o great_a master_n to_o be_v free_v from_o his_o subjection_n which_o happen_v about_o the_o year_n 1513._o from_o that_o time_n the_o livonian_a master_n be_v accustom_a by_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n to_o nominate_v assistant_n in_o their_o office_n such_o be_v abso-master_n william_n fursteberg_n assistant_n or_o coadjutor_n to_o henry_n a_o galen_n the_o four_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n and_o master_n gothotre_v ketler_n coadjutor_n to_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o five_o absolute_a master_n of_o this_o order_n under_o this_o master_n luther_n doctrine_n prevail_v in_o several_a city_n of_o livonia_n such_o as_o riga_n reval_n dorpat_o etc._n etc._n 1560._o the_o last_o absolute_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v gothotre_v ketler_n who_o be_v afterward_o make_v duke_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n by_o sigismundus_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n order_n the_o seat_n of_o this_o order_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o have_v be_v at_o several_a place_n but_o however_o general_o be_v at_o riga_n on_o the_o river_n duna_n but_o which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v about_o the_o year_n 1558_o when_o john_n basilowitz_n tyrant_n of_o muscovy_n come_v with_o a_o dreadful_a army_n and_o destroy_v the_o adjacent_a country_n threaten_v likewise_o to_o conquer_v livonia_n hereupon_o the_o livonian_a knight_n immediate_o address_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o for_o assistance_n but_o he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o solyman_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n tell_v they_o they_o must_v provide_v for_o their_o security_n by_o other_o mean_n for_o he_o be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o help_v they_o this_o answer_v occasion_v they_o forthwith_o to_o divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o part_n whereof_o those_o that_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n duna_n submit_v to_o the_o suede_n and_o those_o on_o this_o side_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n sigismundus_n augustus_n which_o last_o to_o return_v the_o favour_n erect_v curland_n and_o semigallia_n into_o dutchy_n and_o give_v they_o to_o gothotre_v ketler_n than_o master_n of_o