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of_o poland_n who_o as_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n be_v one_o mr._n alberti_n a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n now_o or_o late_o syndic_n of_o dantzic_n privilege_n as_o for_o the_o city-privilege_n they_o can_v coin_v their_o own_o money_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n choose_v their_o magistrate_n make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v absolute_o in_o matter_n of_o debt_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 500_o guilder_n but_o where_o the_o action_n exceed_v that_o sum_n a_o appeal_n lie_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o poland_n yet_o in_o such_o case_n the_o appellant_n be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v down_o 100_o guilder_n in_o the_o townhouse_n before_o he_o can_v proceed_v and_o this_o be_v to_o deter_v people_n from_o make_v such_o appeal_v for_o the_o dantzicker_n do_v not_o much_o care_n that_o any_o of_o their_o money_n shall_v get_v into_o poland_n but_o where_o they_o can_v help_v it_o sea_n this_o
gnesna_n a_o address_n to_o this_o bishop_n be_v common_o admodum_fw-la reverendo_fw-la when_o other_o have_v only_o reverendo_fw-la the_o four_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o see_n bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomerania_n the_o see_v of_o who_o bishopric_n be_v at_o vladislaw_n upon_o the_o vistula_n four_o league_n below_o thorn_n in_o low_a poland_n authority_n his_o seat_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o place_n he_o officiate_n in_o a_o inter-regnum_fw-la as_o your_o grace_n may_v have_v observe_v before_o his_o bishopric_n be_v former_o call_v the_o bishopric_n of_o cruswick_n because_o he_o have_v a_o cathedral_n church_n there_o but_o that_o be_v translate_v to_o vladislaw_n at_o this_o day_n it_o have_v sometime_o the_o name_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o vladislaw_n residence_n his_o usual_a residence_n when_o in_o poland_n be_v either_o at_o wolboria_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi or_o lagovia_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n and_o when_o in_o prussia_n be_v chief_o at_o sobkovia_n the_o five_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n on_o the_o river_n vilia_fw-la which_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n niemen_n below_o cowno_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n extend_v itself_o through_o lithuania_n and_o white-russia_n even_o to_o the_o border_n of_o moscovy_n the_o six_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n a_o city_n in_o low_a or_o great_a poland_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la there_o be_v the_o tomb_n of_o several_a king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o this_o city_n all_o which_o be_v very_o magnificent_a diocese_n his_o diocese_n not_o only_o extend_v through_o the_o province_n of_o posnania_n but_o also_o through_o some_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n as_o warsaw_n etc._n etc._n the_o seven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi a_o small_a city_n in_o masovia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n five_o league_n above_o vladislaw_n jurisdiction_n he_o have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o territory_n of_o pultausk_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n have_v over_o the_o duchy_n of_o severia_n and_o wherein_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o pultausk_n in_o masovia_n upon_o the_o river_n narew_n which_o run_v into_o the_o bug_n two_o league_n below_o the_o eight_o eclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n in_o royal_a prussia_n which_o bishopric_n be_v so_o divide_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v two_o part_n and_o the_o chapter_n the_o three_o and_o in_o which_o they_o have_v jurisdiction_n a_o free_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o gentry_n exempt_v from_o the_o regal_a power_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o frawenberg_n a_o little_a town_n near_o frischaff_a the_o nine_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o luceoria_n or_o lucko_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o high_a volhynia_n diocese_n his_o diocese_n contain_v part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n podlachia_n and_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o ten_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o premislia_n or_o premislaw_n a_o city_n of_o red-russia_n on_o the_o river_n san_n six_o league_n above_o jeroslaw_n and_o twelve_o from_o leopol_n bishop_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o greek-schismatic_n bishop_n it_o be_v here_o that_o a_o canon_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n name_v orikowski_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o lutheranism_n maintain_v the_o first_o that_o priest_n may_v marry_v and_o who_o marry_v afterward_o himself_o in_o the_o year_n 1549._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o the_o eleven_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o samogitia_n who_o obtain_v from_o pope_n curland_n vrban_n viii_o that_o he_o may_v likewise_o be_v bishop_n of_o curland_n see_n this_o bishop_n have_v no_o particular_a see_v appoint_v but_o sometime_o reside_v at_o midnich_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o that_o province_n the_o twelve_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n a_o city_n of_o royal_a prussia_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n six_o league_n above_o the_o city_n of_o thorn_n precedence_n this_o bishop_n former_o precede_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n see_n his_o episcopal_n see_v be_v at_o lubavia_n as_o likewise_o at_o stargardie_a which_o the_o german_n call_v althousen_n the_o thirteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge in_fw-ge red-russia_n there_o be_v beside_o in_o this_o city_n a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n wherefore_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge have_v for_o some_o time_n translate_v his_o see_n to_o kranostaw_fw-mi a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n of_o chelm_fw-ge build_v upon_o a_o great_a lake_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n nieper_n this_o translation_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosak_n and_o who_o have_v altogether_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o fourteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n capital_a city_n of_o low_a volhynia_n honorary_a and_o of_o all_o vkraina_n moscovy_n here_o be_v moreover_o a_o greek-schismatick_a bishop_n formerly_z primate_n of_o all_o russia_n or_o moscovy_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n be_v all_o of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o at_o present_a be_v subject_a to_o the_o great_a czar_n the_o fifteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o caminiec_n capital_a of_o podolia_n which_o be_v now_o under_o the_o turk_n the_o sixteen_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o honorary_a bishop_n of_o smolensko_n upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n capital_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o duchy_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o lithuania_n but_o now_o be_v also_o subdue_v by_o the_o moscovite_n court_n every_o one_o of_o these_o bishop_n have_v a_o great_a retinue_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o little_a court_n have_v several_a ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a officer_n about_o he_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o also_o have_v suffragans_fw-la because_o they_o believe_v themselves_o chief_o make_v bishop_n to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n and_o not_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n and_o therefore_o allow_v these_o a_o small_a pension_n to_o perform_v all_o episcopal_a function_n for_o they_o guagnini_n say_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1506._o there_o be_v a_o great_a contest_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n between_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o lay_v senator_n for_o the_o latter_a pretend_v to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n but_o which_o at_o length_n the_o bishop_n overpower_a they_o in_o and_o thereby_o retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n revenue_n krzistanowic_n in_o his_o state_n of_o poland_n say_v that_o such_o be_v the_o piety_n of_o the_o pole_n that_o immediate_o after_o they_o become_v christian_n they_o prefer_v their_o clergy_n to_o their_o laity_n and_o allow_v they_o many_o noble_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n most_o of_o the_o bishop_n have_v very_o large_a revenue_n wherewith_o they_o may_v not_o only_o live_v splendid_o and_o comfortable_o themselves_o but_o also_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o charitable_a to_o the_o poor_a lithuania_n here_o i_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o give_v your_o grace_n by_o way_n of_o digression_n some_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o religion_n both_o in_o poland_n and_o lithnania_n together_o with_o a_o few_o historical_a circumstance_n relate_v as_o well_o to_o modern_a as_o more_o remote_a time_n and_o wherein_o i_o shall_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o be_v as_o concise_a and_o comprehensive_a as_o the_o several_a particular_n i_o have_v to_o go_v through_o will_v admit_v pole_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o pole_n become_v christian_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o in_o the_o year_n 964._o as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o life_n of_o that_o king_n the_o first_o tenet_n they_o embrace_v be_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o however_o the_o russian_n entertain_v the_o greek_a persuasion_n which_o they_o continue_v in_o many_o place_n of_o that_o province_n to_o this_o day_n they_o be_v utter_o averse_a to_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o term_v its_o professor_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n latin_n their_o service_n be_v in_o that_o language_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o greek_a church_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o schismatic_n and_o the_o vniat_n whereof_o the_o latter_a differ_v only_o from_o the_o roman_a catholic_n in_o that_o their_o devotion_n be_v all_o in_o the_o greek_a language_n the_o priest_n of_o both_o these_o church_n be_v call_v popi_n the_o word_n pop_n in_o polish_v signify_v a_o
king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o who_o have_v divers_a officer_n and_o substitute_n under_o they_o the_o minor_a ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a officer_n and_o person_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v they_o thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a with_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v but_o be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o presumption_n in_o prefix_v your_o great_a name_n to_o so_o imperfect_a a_o account_n therefore_o hope_v your_o grace_n pardon_n upon_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n little_a diet_n and_o other_o general_a assembly_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a court_n of_o justice_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a as_o likewise_o of_o the_o judge_n law_n and_o punishment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n sir_n a._n the_o present_a king_n in_o his_o throne_n bb._n the_o ten_o crown_n officer_n c._n the_o a_o bp._n of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o the_o cross_n bear_v behind_o he_o dddd_n the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n eeeee_o foreign_a ambassador_n admit_v only_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n ffffff_n the_o palatine_n &_o castellan_n in_o the_o three_o row_v on_o each_o side_n gggggg_n the_o deputy_n s_o in_o the_o two_o back_n row_v on_o each_o side_n h._n the_o nuncio_n martial_n or_o speaker_n of_o deputy_n s._n four_o vacant_a seat_n for_o such_o other_o as_o be_v sometime_o admit_v 1._o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n sir_n be_v the_o grand_a diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o native_n call_v seym_n walny_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n of_o every_o province_n meet_v together_o in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n meet_a it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o during_o a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o primate_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o convoke_v this_o great_a assembly_n as_o likewise_o to_o determine_v the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v sit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o of_o every_o three_o successive_o call_v two_o must_v be_v hold_v in_o poland_n most_o common_o at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o three_o in_o lithuania_n in_o the_o city_n of_o grodno_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n capital_a of_o this_o great_a duchy_n so_o that_o every_o nine_o year_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v into_o lithuania_n and_o every_o three_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n come_v into_o poland_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v be_v hold_v in_o lithuania_n be_v because_o the_o lithuanian_n complain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a inconvenient_a for_o they_o to_o come_v so_o far_o as_o poland_n thereupon_o when_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o convoke_v this_o general_a meeting_n he_o be_v to_o send_v out_o circular_a letter_n six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n he_o appoint_v for_o its_o session_n by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o to_o all_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n acquaint_v they_o with_o his_o design_n together_o with_o the_o time_n he_o intend_v it_o shall_v meet_v he_o send_v they_o likewise_o a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n and_o article_n which_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o that_o diet._n whereupon_o every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o be_v as_o follow_v poland_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o posuan_n and_o kalisch_n siradia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sroda_n schadkow_n in_o the_o castellany_n of_o vielunia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vielun_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi radzieiow_n appoint_a by_o the_o 257._o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o little_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o town_n of_o ripin_n appoint_a by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o plosko_fw-mi rava_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o radzanow_n rava_n sochaczow_n gombin_n podlachia_n masovia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o droghiczin_n mielnik_n bransko_n masovia_n in_o ten_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o cirna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrol_n ciekanow_n lombze_n rozan_n liw_n and_o nur._n little-poland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o upper_a or_o little_o poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o zator_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n and_o prossovia_n for_o the_o palatinate_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1667._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o sendomir_n and_o lublin_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o opatow_n and_o lublin_n lithuania_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o vilna_n in_o four_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n wilcomitz_n braclaw_n troki_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n cowno_n lida_n ponienwiez_n polocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n novogrodec_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o slonim_n wolkowizko_n witebsko_fw-mi in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
there_o shall_v be_v no_o successor_n name_v for_o the_o future_a while_o the_o predecessor_n survive_v this_o constitution_n stephen_n bateri_n will_v have_v invade_v but_o the_o republic_n oppose_v he_o so_o vigorous_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n it_o all_o christian_a prince_n have_v a_o feasible_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o each_o of_o they_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n since_o they_o will_v thereby_o absolute_o be_v exclude_v from_o it_o this_o occasion_v the_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o where_o john_n casimir_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o propose_v a_o prince_n to_o succeed_v he_o wherefore_o in_o conjunction_n with_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenbourg_n lisola_n raise_v faction_n in_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n insomuch_o that_o they_o quick_o overthrow_v king_n casimir_n design_n and_o cause_v the_o diet_n to_o confirm_v the_o former_a constitution_n against_o elect_v of_o a_o successor_n several_a of_o the_o lithuanian_a gentry_n have_v the_o same_o intention_n with_o john_n casimir_n but_o however_o with_o these_o follow_a precaution_n first_o that_o such_o a_o successor_n shall_v be_v elect_v a_o new_a after_o the_o king_n death_n second_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n three_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piasto_n or_o native_a four_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v a_o emperor_n king_n nor_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o another_o country_n five_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n six_o that_o he_o shall_v neither_o be_v too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a and_o seven_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v election_n no_o doubt_n the_o design_n of_o king_n casimir_n and_o of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v good_a for_o they_o have_v thereby_o a_o mind_n to_o secure_v the_o government_n from_o those_o division_n and_o intestine_a jar_n which_o common_o happen_v in_o interregnum_n but_o those_o who_o oppose_v they_o affirm_v that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n will_v undoubted_o soon_o introduce_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n whatever_o care_n they_o can_v take_v to_o prevent_v it_o that_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o elect_a a_o soccessor_n in_o the_o king_n life_n time_n and_o that_o if_o the_o republic_n consent_v to_o it_o they_o will_v be_v no_o long_o at_o liberty_n to_o oppose_v it_o that_o it_o will_v moreover_o be_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o several_a prince_n who_o all_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n which_o will_v therefore_o infallible_o embroil_v it_o in_o new_a trouble_n when_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o that_o crown_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n these_o be_v the_o several_a reason_n offer_v by_o the_o two_o party_n the_o last_o whereof_o as_o i_o say_v before_o get_v the_o better_a crown_v till_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v crown_v he_o have_v real_o no_o 331._o regal_a authority_n for_o he_o can_v bestow_v no_o benefice_n give_v no_o office_n nor_o pardon_v any_o offence_n neither_o can_v he_o make_v use_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n nor_o set_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n a_o go_v which_o be_v always_o silence_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la till_o he_o have_v take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n coronation_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king-elect_a to_o appoint_v a_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n which_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v at_o 185._o gnesna_n till_o the_o coronation_n of_o vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v solemnize_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o where_o it_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o vladislaus_n vii_o will_v needs_o crown_v his_o queen_n caecilia_n renata_n at_o warsaw_n but_o which_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o excessive_a murmur_n of_o the_o gentry_n ceremony_n the_o day_n of_o coronation_n be_v arrive_v the_o king_n make_v his_o solemn_a entry_n into_o cracow_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o acclamation_n the_o scabin_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v the_o day_n over_o he_o precede_v by_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o foot-guard_n with_o their_o officer_n immediate_o after_o the_o king_n follow_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o foreign_a ambassador_n on_o horseback_n just_o before_o the_o king_n ride_v a_o officer_n who_o throw_v some_o coronation_n medal_n among_o the_o people_n but_o which_o seldom_o amount_v to_o any_o great_a sum._n thus_o attend_v his_o majesty_n be_v conduct_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n have_v first_o receive_v the_o key_n of_o the_o city_n from_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o first_o gate_n thereof_o and_o pass_v under_o several_a triumphal_a arch_n with_o motto_n of_o various_a invention_n at_o the_o castle-gate_n he_o have_v the_o key_n of_o that_o important_a place_n also_o present_v he_o with_o a_o solemn_a harangue_n by_o the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o banquet_v and_o feast_n procession_n 525._o the_o day_n follow_v be_v that_o which_o precede_v the_o coronation_n the_o obsequy_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n be_v to_o be_v celebrate_v when_o they_o carry_v his_o body_n to_o schalka_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n 336._o the_o order_n of_o procession_n be_v this_o first_o the_o new_a king_n march_v on_o foot_n then_o follow_v all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n together_o with_o the_o deputy_n the_o ensign_n with_o the_o standard_n of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o last_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n and_o other_o regalia_z be_v carry_v before_o the_o corpse_n point_v towards_o the_o ground_n after_o these_o come_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o gentry_n and_o next_o after_o they_o march_v the_o several_a company_n of_o trade_n barefooted_a belong_v both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o court_n each_o have_v a_o empty_a coffin_n and_o pall_n bear_v before_o they_o on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o two_o men._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o that_o assist_v at_o this_o procession_n must_v be_v in_o mourn_v interment_n at_o the_o place_n of_o interment_n the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n against_o the_o king_n tomb_n and_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n be_v discharge_v of_o their_o authority_n several_a way_n after_o which_o the_o body_n be_v inter_v in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v all_o bury_v there_o i_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o the_o myter_v clergy_n general_o march_v about_o the_o corpse_n perform_v the_o day_n after_o the_o funeral_n be_v assign_v for_o the_o coronation_n the_o ceremony_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o that_o office_n be_v once_o 63._o dispute_v with_o he_o by_o sâ—igneius_n olesnicius_n as_o be_v both_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cardinal_n at_o the_o same_o time_n yet_o nevertheless_o casimir_n iv._o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o alexander_n 95._o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o primate_n be_v either_o dead_a or_o refractory_a that_o right_o devolve_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o upon_o his_o obstinacy_n absence_n or_o death_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n the_o two_o bishop_n that_o assist_v at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n coronation_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o procession_n when_o the_o king_n go_v to_o be_v crown_v be_v order_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n but_o before_o his_o majesty_n stir_v out_o he_o be_v habit_v after_o a_o very_a splendid_a manner_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o cathedral_n by_o the_o senator_n foreign_a ambassador_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o gentry_n coronation_n before_o he_o enter_v the_o church_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n bring_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n and_o naked_a sword_n to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o place_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o altar_n after_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o cujavia_n have_v receive_v the_o king_n they_o hold_v he_o under_o each_o arm_n and_o present_v he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o who_o he_o make_v a_o bow_n coronation_n i_o imagine_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o this_o ceremony_n may_v neither_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n nor_o the_o public_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a describe_v all_o the_o most_o remarkable_a circumstance_n thereof_o as_o
bear_v their_o own_o loss_n and_o suffer_v all_o disaster_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o temper_n so_o likewise_o they_o regard_v the_o misery_n and_o misfortune_n of_o other_o with_o the_o same_o indifference_n for_o they_o will_v often_o stand_v and_o see_v a_o house_n burn_v without_o offer_v in_o the_o least_o to_o lend_v a_o help_a hand_n to_o quench_v it_o neither_o be_v they_o more_o indulgent_a to_o their_o child_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n both_o who_o be_v reciprocal_o suffer_v to_o continue_v slave_n to_o the_o tartar_n when_o but_o a_o small_a sum_n of_o money_n will_v purchase_v their_o redemption_n practise_v in_o poland_n there_o be_v neither_o academy_n nor_o school_n for_o the_o manege_v ride_v the_o great_a horse_n fence_v nor_o dance_v and_o yet_o the_o gentry_n be_v natural_o bend_v to_o those_o exercise_n will_v either_o practise_v they_o at_o home_n after_o their_o own_o rude_a fashion_n or_o travel_v to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o stranger_n abroad_o of_o all_o these_o pastime_n music_n and_o dance_a be_v their_o darling_n pleasure_n for_o even_o the_o very_a nurse_n be_v order_v to_o teach_v their_o child_n this_o last_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v go_v so_o that_o you_o shall_v often_o see_v two_o child_n trip_v it_o about_o a_o room_n to_o the_o dull_a note_n of_o their_o nurse_n or_o a_o servant_n pipe_n the_o pole_n be_v so_o addict_v to_o music_n that_o bargeman_n may_v be_v frequent_o see_v play_v on_o fiddle_n as_o they_o sail_v along_o the_o river_n vistula_n with_o corn._n the_o other_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o pole_n i_o shall_v inform_v your_o lordship_n of_o as_o methodical_o and_o succinct_o as_o the_o variety_n of_o matter_n will_v admit_v but_o first_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o polish_v family_n and_o name_n and_o the_o gentry_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o tribe_n all_o distinguish_v not_o by_o place_n or_o country_n but_o by_o several_a peculiar_a appellative_n and_o coat_n of_o arm_n out_o of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o spring_v several_a family_n of_o different_a name_n and_o affinity_n for_o example_n to_o the_o tribe_n of_o lelivicz_n who_o standard_n be_v a_o field_n azure_a charge_v with_o a_o new_a moon_n in_o chief_a and_o a_o star_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n between_o its_o horn_n belong_v the_o family_n of_o zarnowiski_n pileczki_n melstin_n etc._n etc._n now_o former_o the_o pole_n have_v their_o name_n from_o several_a occasion_n but_o of_o latter_a day_n they_o have_v be_v accustom_a to_o take_v they_o only_o from_o castle_n city_n town_n and_o village_n most_o common_o by_o add_v the_o termination_n ski_n or_o ki_n which_o signify_v son_n though_o some_o say_v dominion_n because_o they_o be_v general_o so_o call_v from_o the_o place_n which_o they_o govern._n in_o lithuania_n the_o termination_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v in_o witz_fw-fr which_o rather_o imply_v son_n than_o ski_n sometime_o also_o they_o take_v their_o name_n from_o these_o place_n by_o omit_v ski_n and_o witz_n and_o put_v before_o the_o place_n à _fw-la ab_fw-la in_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr as_o à _fw-fr gorka_n in_o tenstin_n de_fw-fr fulstin_n and_o the_o like_a some_o of_o the_o pole_n usual_a name_n be_v which_o i_o mention_v for_o the_o difficulty_n of_o pronunciation_n chrzonstowski_n krzikritzki_n grzmialtowski_n etc._n etc._n last_o several_a name_n in_o poland_n begin_v with_o a_o o_o as_o opalinski_n osolmski_n vzaorwski_n orzakowski_n and_o such_o like_a duration_n now_o as_o to_o marriage_n among_o the_o pole_n it_o must_v first_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o feast_n of_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n always_o last_v three_o day_n be_v they_o that_o make_v they_o either_o poor_a or_o rich_a wherefore_o they_o must_v necessary_o be_v exceed_v expensive_a if_o a_o lady_n marry_o any_o of_o her_o wait_a maid_n she_o general_o expend_v as_o much_o as_o for_o one_o of_o her_o daughter_n but_o as_o the_o court-marriage_n will_v show_v the_o great_a magnificence_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o shall_v entertain_v your_o lordship_n out_o of_o hauteville_n with_o one_o of_o that_o sort_n court-marriage_n when_o the_o queen_n marry_v any_o of_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n or_o when_o any_o senator_n or_o great_a lord_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v the_o first_o and_o second_o day_n the_o king_n give_v a_o great_a feast_n for_o this_o purpose_n a_o large_a hall_n be_v pitch_v upon_o where_o there_o be_v three_o table_n set_v out_o at_o the_o first_o table_n sit_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n in_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o both_o face_v the_o hall_n next_o the_o queen_n sit_v the_o two_o that_o be_v to_o be_v marry_v and_o next_o to_o the_o king_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n at_o the_o same_o table_n likewise_o sit_v the_o foreign_a ambassador_n over_o against_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n at_o the_o two_o other_o table_n extend_v the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o hall_n all_o the_o lady_n senators_z and_o officer_n except_o only_o such_o as_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n be_v place_v by_o a_o officer_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a precedence_n thereat_o most_o common_o this_o feast_n begin_v about_o four_o or_o five_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o last_v to_o two_o or_o three_o in_o the_o morning_n here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o senator_n be_v accustom_a to_o rise_v often_o and_o go_v up_o to_o the_o king_n table_n to_o drink_v his_o majesty_n health_n on_o their_o knee_n at_o these_o feast_n they_o eat_v little_a but_o drink_v hungarian_a wine_n to_o a_o immoderate_a degree_n the_o lady_n out_o of_o modesty_n only_o touch_v the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n with_o their_o lip_n and_o so_o set_v they_o down_o before_o they_o or_o pour_v they_o into_o their_o plate_n in_o a_o manner_n thaâ—_n more_o wine_n be_v think_v to_o be_v spill_v and_o lose_v here_o than_o drink_v when_o they_o have_v sit_v about_o five_o or_o six_o hour_n at_o table_n the_o violin_n and_o a_o little_a sort_n of_o portable_a organ_n begin_v to_o strike_v up_o and_o then_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n in_o dance_v in_o this_o exercise_n every_o body_n join_v and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o old_a people_n of_o either_o sex_n be_v excuse_v those_o that_o begin_v the_o dance_n be_v general_o the_o ancient_a senator_n and_o old_a lady_n who_o move_v slow_o about_o like_o so_o many_o friar_n or_o nun_n in_o procession_n but_o although_o the_o dance_a begin_v with_o so_o much_o gravity_n and_o formality_n yet_o it_o usual_o end_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o hurry_n and_o confusion_n bride_n on_o the_o second_o day_n all_o the_o guest_n present_v the_o bride_n with_o something_o new_a and_o none_o give_v less_o than_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o plate_n all_o these_o present_n be_v make_v before_o the_o queen_n this_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v before_o they_o sit_v down_o to_o table_n these_o present_v most_o common_o make_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o bride_n portion_n the_o late_a princess_n of_o poland_n when_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n have_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o crown_n present_v she_o ceremony_n on_o the_o three_o day_n be_v solemnize_v the_o espousal_n all_o the_o wedding_n guest_n accompany_v the_o bridegroom_n and_o bride_n on_o horseback_n to_o church_n as_o likewise_o in_o their_o return_n home_o when_o they_o be_v always_o to_o pass_v by_o the_o king_n palace_n during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o their_o come_n and_o go_v the_o trumpets_z sound_n from_o the_o balcony_n on_o both_o side_n the_o way_n when_o the_o bride_n have_v be_v conduct_v to_o her_o husband_n house_n and_o a_o magnificent_a feast_n there_o prepare_v be_v end_v and_o the_o company_n go_v the_o bride_n begin_v to_o fall_v a_o cry_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n it_o seem_v in_o poland_n for_o maid_n to_o weep_v at_o that_o time_n and_o to_o seem_v concern_v for_o fear_n they_o shall_v be_v think_v impudent_a and_o immodest_a the_o other_o marriage_n of_o the_o gentry_n in_o poland_n be_v perform_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o with_o less_o magnificence_n dispensation_n the_o man_n and_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v godfather_n and_o godmother_n to_o child_n be_v always_o cousin_n and_o relation_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o before_o and_o consequent_o can_v be_v marry_v without_o a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n procession_n the_o ceremony_n of_o burial_n in_o poland_n be_v usual_o celebrate_v with_o so_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n that_o one_o will_v rather_o take_v they_o for_o triumph_n than_o enterment_n the_o corpse_n have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o coffin_n it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hearse_n or_o chariot_n with_o six_o horse_n all_o cover_v with_o black_a housing_n the_o coffin_n have_v a_o
kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o any_o of_o these_o mine_n as_o likewise_o to_o those_o of_o any_o metal_n find_v upon_o their_o land_n there_o be_v by_o the_o constitution_n no_o royal_a mine_n in_o poland_n except_o those_o of_o white_a salt_n only_o which_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o the_o king_n papermill_n throughout_o all_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o corn_n and_o cachat-mill_n but_o scarce_o any_o for_o full_v or_o paper_n yet_o which_o they_o may_v very_o well_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a number_n of_o rapid_a stream_n in_o this_o and_o in_o other_o respect_n the_o pole_n be_v very_o negligent_a of_o their_o own_o interest_n be_v content_a to_o pay_v great_a rate_n for_o cloth_n and_o paper_n when_o they_o may_v easy_o have_v both_o of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n fish_n as_o for_o leather_n though_o no_o people_n use_v it_o more_o have_v almost_o all_o boot_n and_o chariot_n which_o they_o call_v ridevans_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o 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situate_a in_o one_o of_o the_o three_o island_n of_o which_o regal_a prussia_n consist_v call_v by_o the_o germane_a der_fw-mi dantzicher_n werder_n the_o other_o two_o have_v the_o name_n of_o der_fw-mi marienbursche_n werder_n and_o der_fw-mi elbingsâ—her_n werder_n this_o name_n der_fw-mi werder_n imply_v proper_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o solid_a ground_n encompass_v by_o fen_n and_o bog_n call_v by_o who_o this_o city_n be_v first_o build_v remain_v as_o yet_o undetermined_a becanus_n will_v have_v the_o dane_n to_o have_v be_v the_o founder_n of_o it_o and_o from_o they_o to_o have_v be_v call_v danes-wick_n i._n e._n danes-town_n but_o this_o derivation_n seem_v to_o have_v too_o much_o dutch_a in_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o to_o the_o word_n dan_fw-mi cdan_n or_o gdan_n be_v add_v the_o sclavonian_a term_n scke_n signify_v a_o town_n which_o make_v it_o danscke_o cdanscke_n or_o gdanscke_n and_o which_o may_v very_o reasonable_o be_v suppose_v 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rampart_n and_o so_o large_a in_o compass_n that_o it_o be_v three_o hour_n journey_n round_o which_o i_o may_v very_o well_o compute_v at_o six_o english_a mile_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o rodawn_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o have_v a_o strong_a fort_n wherein_o there_o be_v common_o keep_v a_o garrison_n of_o 1000_o soldier_n it_o be_v impossible_a this_o city_n shall_v be_v bombard_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o distance_n from_o it_o but_o from_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n it_o may_v and_o therefore_o some_o work_n be_v raise_v there_o and_o always_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o soldier_n with_o store_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n place_v in_o they_o for_o its_o great_a security_n town_n this_o city_n be_v at_o present_a a_o famous_a mart_n and_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o hanse-town_n be_v altogether_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n though_o under_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n from_o which_o it_o have_v a_o castellan_n 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the_o emperor_n henry_n vi_o by_o the_o rull_n of_o pope_n celestine_n iii_o under_o the_o title_n of_o teutonic_n or_o dutch_a knight_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o st._n marry_o the_o virgin_n vow_v poverty_n obedience_n and_o chastity_n and_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o receive_v none_o but_o german_n into_o their_o order_n prussia_n after_o they_o have_v thus_o receive_v confirmation_n from_o the_o papal_a see_v some_o rich_a citizen_n of_o breme_n and_o lubeck_n join_v with_o they_o and_o make_v large_a contribution_n another_o hospital_n be_v erect_v for_o they_o in_o the_o city_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o syria_n but_o after_o that_o city_n together_o with_o jerusalem_n and_o all_o the_o holy-land_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o saracen_n under_o the_o command_n of_o saladin_n have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o christian_n for_o more_o than_o 87_o year_n before_o one_o hermannus_n then_o great_a master_n with_o the_o remain_a knight_n remove_v into_o germany_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n xi_o and_o pope_n honorius_n iii_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o conrade_z duke_n of_o masovia_n in_o 1226_o in_o the_o year_n 1229_o bestow_v the_o province_n of_o prussia_n where_o have_v conquer_a build_v that_o nation_n and_o reduce_v it_o from_o paganism_n to_o christianity_n they_o build_v the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n or_o mary-town_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1340_o fix_v the_o residence_n of_o their_o great_a master_n there_o wherefore_o this_o country_n they_o enjoy_v till_o about_o the_o year_n 1525_o when_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o last_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n by_o a_o solemn_a renunciation_n become_v feudatory_a to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o raise_v prussia_n to_o a_o dukedom_n and_o make_v this_o marquis_n first_o duke_n thereof_o but_o however_o some_o of_o the_o knight_n dislike_a this_o action_n proceed_v to_o elect_a another_o great_a master_n which_o be_v walter_n the_o cronberg_n and_o forthwith_o leave_v prussia_n seat_v themselves_o in_o germany_n where_o they_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n though_o in_o no_o great_a reputation_n except_o that_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n be_v common_o admit_v of_o their_o order_n manner_n their_o statute_n be_v compose_v after_o the_o model_n of_o those_o of_o the_o knight_n hospitaller_n and_o knight_n templar_n at_o this_o day_n the_o knight_n of_o malta_n but_o nevertheless_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o these_o order_n their_o habit_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v a_o white_a mantle_n with_o a_o plain_a black_a cross_a on_o the_o breast_n though_o other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o black_a cross_n void_v with_o a_o cross_n potence_n this_o cross_n they_o be_v also_o to_o have_v upon_o white_a banner_n as_o likewise_o upon_o their_o shield_n and_o in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n they_o be_v moreover_o enjoin_v to_o live_v conformable_a to_o the_o order_n and_o rule_n of_o st._n austin_n their_o first_o number_n be_v 24_o lay-brother_n and_o 7_o priest_n yet_o heysse_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o empire_n tom_n i._o say_v they_o be_v at_o first_o 40._o they_o both_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v armour_n and_o sword_n and_o may_v celebrate_v mass_n in_o that_o habit._n none_o of_o they_o shave_v their_o beard_n but_o by_o their_o order_n be_v oblige_v to_o let_v they_o grow_v and_o to_o sleep_v upon_o sack_n of_o straw_n but_o however_o this_o with_o their_o other_o primitive_a injunction_n soon_o vanish_v prince_n this_o order_n be_v establish_v after_o the_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o all_o christian_a prince_n endeavour_v to_o give_v they_o encouragement_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n and_o emperor_n give_v they_o particular_a proof_n of_o their_o favour_n and_o liberality_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n also_o be_v willing_a to_o do_v the_o like_a on_o his_o part_n make_v they_o great_a present_n and_o moreover_o grant_v their_o great_a master_n a_o liberty_n to_o wear_v the_o flower_n delucc_n on_o the_o 4_o extremity_n of_o their_o cross_n prussia_n their_o power_n and_o force_n in_o war_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a succinct_a account_n and_o series_n of_o their_o several_a great_a master_n 1190._o their_o first_o great_a master_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o be_v henry_n walpot_n a_o native_a of_o germany_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1190_o who_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n 1200._o the_o second_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v otho_n the_o kerpen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o germany_n who_o after_o have_v enjoy_v this_o office_n but_o 6_o year_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n 1206._o the_o three_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n barth_n of_o alsace_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o and_o the_o emperor_n philip_n ii_o he_o preside_v over_o these_o knight_n only_o 4_o year_n than_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o acon_n under_o these_o two_o great_a master_n this_o order_n first_o begin_v to_o increase_v and_o flourish_v 1210._o the_o four_o great_a master_n be_v herman_n a_o salzen_n a_o nobleman_n of_o misnia_n under_o the_o several_a pontificate_n of_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o honorius_n and_o gregory_n ix_o and_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o emperor_n be_v otho_n and_o frederic_n ii_o this_o master_n obtain_v great_a privilege_n for_o his_o order_n both_o from_o the_o aforesaid_a pope_n and_o emperor_n and_o john_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n for_o their_o have_v protect_v he_o against_o conrade_n king_n of_o syria_n add_v to_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o order_n a_o cross_n potence_n or_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a ensign_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o his_o time_n conrade_n marquess_z of_o thuringen_n be_v admit_v of_o the_o order_n he_o have_v above_o 2000_o german_a nobleman_n and_o knight_n in_o his_o order_n at_o once_o all_o which_o he_o govern_v for_o about_o 30_o year_n during_o his_o administration_n his_o order_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o holy-land_n by_o the_o saracen_n settle_v in_o prussia_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 20000_o and_o by_o help_n of_o the_o pole_n soon_o expel_v the_o pagan_a prussian_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o culmigeria_n he_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n which_o he_o build_v 1240._o the_o five_o great_a master_n be_v conrade_n marquis_n of_o thuringen_n who_o be_v elect_v under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o celestine_n iu._n and_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n ii_o he_o very_o much_o augment_v the_o conquest_n of_o his_o order_n and_o restore_v many_o ruinous_a fabric_n he_o build_v koningsberg_n in_o ducal_z prussia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o marienburg_n 1252._o the_o six_o great_a master_n be_v poppo_n ab_fw-la osternaw_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n innocent_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iu._n he_o have_v several_a glorious_a conquest_n over_o the_o prussian_n livonian_o and_o swentopelus_n duke_n of_o pomerania_n but_o at_o length_n before_o the_o city_n of_o lignitz_n be_v kill_v and_o rout_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v almost_o overrun_v all_o sarmatia_n poland_n and_o be_v afterward_o bury_v at_o uladislaw_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a swentopelus_n have_v be_v so_o extreme_o beat_v by_o these_o knight_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o afterward_o on_o his_o deathbed_n earnest_o recommend_v to_o his_o child_n to_o preserve_v the_o friendship_n he_o have_v contract_v but_o however_o mestowin_n his_o elder_a son_n forget_v his_o father_n order_n declare_a war_n anew_o against_o they_o but_o be_v likewise_o beat_v the_o knight_n overrun_v all_o pomerania_n and_o at_o length_n force_v this_o duke_n to_o a_o peace_n and_o moreover_o 3_o of_o his_o brother_n whereof_o the_o elder_a be_v name_v sambor_n become_v knight_n of_o this_o order_n 1263._o the_o seven_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v johannes_n sangerhusensis_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o office_n under_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o alexander_n iu._n he_o very_o much_o allay_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o pagan_a prussian_n and_o in_o great_a measure_n regain_v the_o credit_n of_o his_o order_n forfeit_v to_o the_o tartar_n he_o rule_v 12_o year_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o treves_n in_o his_o time_n the_o city_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v build_v 1275._o the_o eight_o great_a master_n be_v hartman_n count_n of_o heidelberg_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n clement_n iu._n and_o of_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o he_o be_v a_o very_a industrious_a person_n and_o get_v great_a ground_n of_o the_o prussian_n in_o his_o time_n the_o castle_n of_o marienburg_n be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1281._o he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o venice_n 1283._o the_o nine_o great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v buchardus_fw-la à _fw-la swenden_n elect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n john_n and_o the_o emperor_n rodolfe_n i._o
over_o his_o pretension_n 208._o etc._n etc._n cujavia_n territory_n division_n into_o palatinate_n 234._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n cracovia_n palatinate_n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 237._o city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o several_a description_n 238_o etc._n etc._n castellan_n power_n 248._o czentochova_n a_o town_n famous_a for_o a_o convent_n 244._o cruswick_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 235._o culm_n pal._n join_v by_o the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n 260._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o several_a description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n culm_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 260._o caminiec_fw-la city_n it_o be_v description_n 275._o build_v 320._o chelm_fw-ge pal._n division_n into_o district_n 282._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n chelm_fw-ge city_n it_o be_v description_n 282._o crasnistaw_fw-mi town_n it_o be_v description_n 282._o d._n denmark_n it_o be_v king_n take_v prisoner_n ii_o dantzic_n make_v a_o city_n 39_o dantzicker_n reduce_v 89_o etc._n etc._n first_o allow_v a_o vote_n 120._o deputy_n first_o admit_v to_o the_o diet_n 65._o diet._n convened_a 85_o 101_o 119_o 124_o 140_o 154_o 205._o dobrina_n pal._n in_o what_o abound_v 289._o division_n into_o district_n ibid._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 290._o their_o description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n dobrina_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 290._o e._n election_n by_o horse-race_n 15._o peaceable_n 118._o of_o sigisimund_n de_fw-fr vasa_n 106._o of_o uladislaus_n vii_o 119._o of_o john_n casimir_n 124._o of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n 144._o of_o john_n sobieski_n 155._o ambassador_n admit_v to_o audience_n 105_o 120_o 141_o 159._o elbing_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 263._o f._n family_n of_o lechus_n 11_o etc._n etc._n cracus_n from_o 12_o to_o 14._o leschus_n ii_o from_o 15_o to_o 17._o piastus_n from_o 21_o to_o 57_o jagello_n from_o 58_o to_o 82._o faction_n lutheran_n and_o catholic_n 102._o not_o to_o be_v unite_v 103._o the_o former_a mutiny_n ibid._n suppress_v ibid._n three_o faction_n 103._o lutheran_n policy_n 105._o frederic_n august_n king_n elect_v 207._o take_v possession_n of_o cracow_n ibid._n crown_n d_o ibid._n reason_n why_o he_o be_v likely_a to_o restore_v poland_n 209._o first_o german_n prince_n that_o have_v be_v king_n ibid._n g._n great_a poland_n province_n it_o be_v division_n 220._o palatinate_v 221._o their_o several_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n their_o arm_n 226_o etc._n etc._n gnesna_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 223._o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n their_o several_a life_n from_o 310_o to_o 324._o grodno_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 329._o h._n henry_n i._n elect_v and_o dethrone_v 48._o appoint_v a_o successor_n in_o vain_a ibid._n hedwigis_fw-la queen_n come_v into_o poland_n 58_o be_v crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n have_v several_a suitor_n ibid._n marry_v jagello_n 59_o dies_z ibid._n henry_n of_o valois_n king_n send_v for_o by_o the_o diet_n 85._o agree_v to_o article_n and_o take_v a_o oath_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n be_v crown_v 86._o abdicate_v poland_n 87._o embassy_n send_v after_o he_o in_o vain_a ibid._n house_n of_o austria_n jealous_a of_o sigismond_n i_n greatness_n 71._o raise_v enemy_n against_o he_o ibid._n how_o come_v by_o hungary_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n ibid._n habit_n of_o the_o pole_n 177._o heilsberg_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 263._o halicz_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 271._o i._o jagello_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n become_v christian_a 59_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n convert_v the_o lithuanian_n ibid._n find_v the_o university_n of_o cracow_n ibid._n his_o war_n ibid._n death_n and_o issue_n 60._o john_n albert_n king_n his_o character_n 66._o policy_n and_o army_n defeat_v ibid._n make_v peace_n with_o the_o valachian_n and_o turk_n 67._o his_o death_n ibid._n john_n casimir_n king_n lead_v a_o religious_a life_n and_o make_v cardinal_n 124._o his_o character_n and_o travel_n 126._o like_a to_o be_v exclude_v ibid._n etc._n etc._n elect_v 128._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o war_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n suedish_n king_n invade_v poland_n 139._o wherefore_o 131._o motive_n and_o mean_n of_o casimir_n abdication_n 134._o his_o death_n 135._o his_o epitaph_n 136._o john_n basilowitz_n czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v a_o great_a tyrant_n and_o his_o variety_n of_o torture_n 78._o john_n iii_o sobieski_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1674_o 163._o his_o father_n and_o mother_n ibid._n his_o travel_n 164._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o generosity_n 165._o zeal_n to_o arm_n discourage_v 166._o war_n with_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n 167_o etc._n etc._n a_o battle_n 169._o his_o coronation_n 172._o he_o relieve_v vienna_n 173._o defeat_v the_o turk_n 174._o his_o entry_n through_o the_o breach_n 175._o pursue_v the_o enemy_n ibid._n take_v zytehin_n in_o hungary_n 176._o enter_v into_o a_o league_n against_o the_o turk_n 177._o be_v immoderate_o covetous_a ibid._n his_o person_n and_o dress_n ibid._n his_o character_n 179._o engage_v dr._n connor_n in_o a_o dispute_n ibid._n his_o building_n 184._o care_v of_o his_o child_n 185._o his_o great_a riches_n ibid._n fortune_n former_o and_o gradual_a promotion_n 150_o his_o sister_n 198_o what_o issue_n she_o leave_v 200._o account_v of_o the_o king_n distemper_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi 201_o etc._n etc._n the_o king_n death_n 204._o reflection_n on_o his_o disease_n ibid._n inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la before_o the_o present_a king_n election_n 205._o inowlocz_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 235._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n k._n king_n of_o poland_n his_o policy_n 8._o the_o first_o 9_o 25._o four_o class_n of_o king_n 10._o title_n cease_v 30._o restore_v 48._o king_n of_o sueden_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n 132._o koningsberg_n in_o regal_a prussia_n build_v 45._o it_o be_v description_n 264._o kalisch_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 226._o kalisch_n pal._n its_o arm_n 227._o kiovia_n pal._n how_o bound_v 277._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 278._o their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n kiow_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 278._o l._n law_n what_o former_o in_o poland_n 5._o lechus_n i._n 10._o find_v poland_n 5._o build_v posnan_n and_o gnesna_n 6._o occasion_n poland_n the_o name_n of_o lechia_n ib._n his_o posterity_n how_o long_o reign_v 11_o 12._o ii_o his_o banishment_n and_o death_n 13._o lescus_n i._n 14._o elect_v by_o a_o stratagem_n ib._n reign_n and_o death_n uncertain_a 15._o ii_o how_o elect_v 14._o his_o death_n 15._o iii_o his_o death_n uncertain_a 16._o iv._o his_o character_n and_o death_n 23._o v._o surname_v the_o white_a 39_o under_o guardian_n ib._n his_o war_n 40._o be_v dethrone_v ib._n restore_v ib._n dethrone_v again_o 41_o put_v by_o a_o election_n ib._n etc._n etc._n re-establish_v 42._o murder_a in_o a_o bath_n ib._n vi_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 46._o his_o war_n ib._n insurrection_n against_o he_o ib._n retire_v into_o hungary_n 47._o return_v with_o success_n ib._n his_o death_n ib._n leave_v his_o kingdom_n in_o distraction_n ib._n lasconâ—gus_n vide_fw-la uladislaus_n iii_o locticus_n vide_fw-la uladislaus_n iu._n lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 56._o oblige_a to_o take_v a_o oath_n ib_n return_v into_o hungary_n ib._n his_o war_n death_n and_o issue_n 57_o commendable_a example_n of_o he_o ib._n leopol_n city_n whence_o so_o call_v 46._o it_o be_v description_n 267._o luther_n doctrine_n when_o first_o know_v here_o 70._o very_o much_o propagate_v 78._o the_o occasion_n ib._n first_o person_n of_o note_n that_o embrace_v it_o ib._n lutheran_n contend_v for_o share_v in_o the_o government_n 101._o obtain_v perpetual_a liberty_n of_o conscience_n ib_n etc._n etc._n lutheran_n party_n dissent_v 107._o elect_v and_o proclaim_v maximilian_n of_o austria_n 〈◊〉_d 2_o pronounce_v traitor_n by_o the_o diet_n 108._o lithuanid_n tend_v towards_o a_o civil_a war_n 160._o how_o call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n 302._o present_v bound_n ib._n ancient_a extent_n ib._n soil_n and_o product_n ib._n &c_n &c_n union_n with_o poland_n and_o privilege_n 303._o division_n ib._n its_o arm_n ib._n different_a opinion_n about_o its_o name_n 304._o its_o duke_n from_o 305_o to_o 310._o division_n into_o palatinate_n 324._o lithuanid_v proper_a province_n 325._o lesser-poland_n province_n its_o bound_n 236._o it_o be_v division_n into_o pal._n ib._n etc._n etc._n their_o several_a arm_n 249_o 254_o 257._o lowitz_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 231._o lanschet_fw-mi pal._n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 232_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n lanschet_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 232._o lublin_n pal._n join_v by_o the_o territory_n of_o lukovia_n 254._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 255._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n lublin_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 255._o lutzk_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 295._o m._n
the_o thirty_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o palatin_n of_o marienbourg_n in_o regal_a prussia_n knight_n the_o city_n of_o marienbourg_n be_v former_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o stall_n or_o seat_n yet_o to_o be_v see_v in_o great_a number_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o thirty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o palatin_n of_o braclaw_n in_o low_a podolia_n palatinate_n this_o palatinate_n at_o present_a be_v only_o honorary_a be_v altogether_o ravage_v and_o dispeople_v by_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n the_o thirty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o palatin_n of_o pomerania_n in_o regal_a prussia_n honorary_a this_o palatinate_n lie_v altogether_o in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o now_o be_v a_o province_n belong_v to_o sueden_n and_o brandenbourg_n though_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o yet_o remain_v to_o poland_n the_o thirty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o palatin_n of_o minski_n or_o minsch_n in_o lithuania_n the_o thirty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o palatin_n of_o czernichovia_n or_o czernikow_n a_o duchy_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o lithuania_n palatinate_n this_o palatinate_n at_o present_a be_v only_o honorary_a have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n under_o the_o czar_n of_o moscovy_n palatine_n have_v thus_o describe_v the_o order_n and_o precedence_n of_o the_o chief_a senator_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v your_o grace_n some_o account_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o palatin_n which_o be_v to_o lead_v the_o troop_n of_o his_o palatinate_n into_o the_o field_n in_o a_o general_a expedition_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n pospolite_n ruszenie_n etc._n but_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o power_n of_o all_o be_v not_o the_o same_o for_o there_o be_v some_o palatine_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n who_o even_o then_o govern_v by_o martial_a law_n in_o prussia_n also_o they_o proceed_v by_o the_o same_o law_n which_o they_o call_v judicia_fw-la palatinalia_fw-la their_o general_a office_n be_v to_o preside_v in_o the_o little_a diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o gentry_n of_o their_o province_n to_o regulate_v the_o prize_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o take_v care_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o to_o punish_v or_o protect_v the_o jew_n who_o can_v be_v judge_v in_o the_o common_a court_n but_o this_o be_v otherwise_o in_o prussia_n and_o volhinia_n as_o may_v hereafter_o appear_v more_o at_o large_a these_o palatine_n be_v all_o prince_n by_o their_o office_n qualify_v the_o palatine_n have_v every_o one_o a_o vice_n palatin_n under_o they_o and_o in_o some_o place_n more_o than_o one_o who_o they_o name_v themselves_o and_o take_v their_o oath_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o they_o only_o these_o vice_n palatine_n must_v have_v a_o competency_n in_o land_n to_o qualify'em_v for_o that_o employment_n castellan_n immediate_o after_o the_o palatine_n and_o the_o other_o four_o privilege_a person_n come_v the_o several_a castellan_n who_o be_v all_o senator_n and_o lieutenant_n to_o the_o palatine_n in_o time_n of_o war_n lead_v the_o gentry_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n into_o the_o field_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_n division_n of_o these_o castellan_n there_o be_v several_a in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v so_o call_v because_o except_v very_o few_o they_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o their_o castellany_n from_o palatinate_n whereas_o the_o lesser_a do_v take_v they_o only_o from_o district_n which_o make_v they_o sometime_o call_v castellani_n districtuum_fw-la also_o another_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v so_o divide_v be_v because_o the_o lesser_a castellan_n sit_v only_o on_o bench_n behind_o the_o other_o senator_n also_o they_o may_v be_v term_v the_o lesser_a in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o they_o be_v first_o admit_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o that_o they_o be_v sometime_o exclude_v but_o however_o in_o all_o other_o respect_v they_o be_v equal_a qualification_n the_o necessary_a qualification_n of_o a_o castellan_n be_v to_o be_v a_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o have_v land_n and_o tenement_n in_o the_o territory_n whereof_o he_o be_v castellan_n title_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n except_o their_o office_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o castellan_n have_v no_o jurisdiction_n except_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o title_n of_o magnifici_fw-la or_o wielmozni_n be_v give_v by_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o they_o and_o of_o generosi_fw-la or_o vrodzeni_fw-la to_o the_o lesser_a but_o common_o all_o the_o castellan_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o title_n of_o illustrissimi_fw-la or_o jasnie_n wielmozni_n precedence_n the_o name_n and_o precedence_n in_o the_o senate_n of_o all_o these_o castellan_n and_o first_o of_o the_o great_a sort._n the_o thirty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v lay-senator_n the_o castellan_n of_o posnania_n the_o thirty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sendomir_n the_o thirty_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kalisch_n the_o forty_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o wounitz_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n the_o forty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o gnesna_n a_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o forty_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o siradia_n the_o forty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi or_o lencici_n the_o forty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o samogitia_n the_o forty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o bresty_n or_o bressici_fw-la the_o forty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kiovia_n the_o forty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o inowlocz_n the_o forty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o leopol_n a_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n the_o forty_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o volhynia_n the_o fifty_o lay_v senator_n be_v honorary_a the_o castellan_n of_o caminiec_n a_o strong_a city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o podolia_n the_o fifty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v honorary_a the_o castellan_n of_o smolensko_n the_o fifty_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o lublin_n the_o fifty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o losk_n or_o polocz_n the_o fifty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o belez_n or_o belsko_n the_o fifty_o five_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o novogrodec_n the_o fifty_o six_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o plocksko_n the_o fifty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o witebsko_n the_o fifty_o eight_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o czirna_n a_o district_n in_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n the_o fifty_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o podlachia_n the_o sixty_v lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o rava_n the_o sixty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o briescia_n or_o polesia_n the_o sixty_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o culm_n the_o sixty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o mscislaw_n or_o msceislaw_n the_o sixty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o elbing_n a_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n the_o sixty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o braclaw_n the_o sixty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o dantzic_n a_o famous_a city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o marienburg_n the_o sixty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o minsch_n or_o minski_n the_o sixty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v honorary_a the_o castellan_n of_o livonia_n the_o sixty_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v honorary_a the_o castellan_n of_o czernicovia_n castellan_n the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o castellan_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o seventi_v lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sandecz_n a_o town_n and_o district_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n the_o seventy_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o mezaritz_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o seventy_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o visticz_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o seventy_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o biecz_n a_o city_n and_o district_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n the_o seventy_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o ragosno_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o seventy_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o radomsko_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o seventy_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o zawichost_n a_o city_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o seventy_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o land_n or_o landaw_n
a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n the_o seventy_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o srzdo_n or_o sremsk_v a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o seventy_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o zarnow_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o eighti_v lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o malagost_n or_o malogsch_n a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o the_o eighty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o vielunia_n a_o territory_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o eighty_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o praemislaw_n a_o district_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o russia_n the_o eighty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o halicz_n a_o district_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o eighty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sanoch_n a_o district_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o eighty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o eighty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o drohiczin_n a_o district_n of_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n the_o eighty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o poloviec_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o eighty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o premecz_n or_o primen_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o eighty_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kriven_n a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o nineti_v lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o czekow_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n the_o ninety_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o nakel_n or_o naklo_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n the_o ninety_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o rosprza_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o ninety_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o biechovia_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi the_o ninety_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o bidgotz_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o inowlocz_n the_o ninety_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o brezini_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi the_o ninety_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kruswick_n a_o district_n and_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n the_o ninety_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o oswieczin_n a_o duchy_n and_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n the_o ninety_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kamin_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n the_o ninety_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o spicimiria_n or_o rizepice_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o hundred_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o inowlocz_n the_o hundred_o and_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o kowalow_v a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n the_o hundred_o and_o second_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o zandoc_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n the_o hundred_o and_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sochazovia_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n the_o hundred_o and_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o warsaw_n a_o district_n and_o famous_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o five_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o gostinin_n a_o district_n and_o capital_a city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n the_o hundred_o and_o six_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o wisna_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o radzanow_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plosko_fw-mi the_o hundred_o and_o eight_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o sieprcz_n or_o siepez_n a_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o hundred_o and_o nine_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o wissegrod_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o ten_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o ripin_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o zacrol_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o masovia_n the_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o cickanow_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o liw_n or_o liwo_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n the_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o slonsk_n a_o district_n and_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o hundred_o and_o fifteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o lubazow_n a_o town_n in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o konarzew_n a_o town_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n the_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o konarzew_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi the_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o konarzew_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o cujavia_n office_n have_v thus_o go_v through_o the_o several_a precedency_n of_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellan_n in_o the_o senate_n your_o grace_n may_v please_v to_o observe_v that_o a_o palatin_n can_v be_v a_o castellan_n of_o the_o same_o place_n whereof_o he_o be_v palatin_a nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o two_o be_v a_o starosta_n or_o any_o other_o officer_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n or_o castellany_n except_o some_o few_o and_o all_o those_o of_o lithuania_n and_o prussia_n where_o the_o palatine_n govern_v whole_o by_o martial_a law_n neither_o can_v a_o palatin_n castellan_n or_o starosta_n have_v two_o command_n either_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a or_o any_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o castellan_n can_v be_v burgrave_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n or_o any_o other_o castle_n whilst_o he_o be_v castellan_n polish_v in_o the_o polish_v tongue_n the_o castellan_n be_v call_v lord_n of_o a_o place_n by_o add_v only_o the_o termination_n of_o ki_n or_o ski_n to_o it_o as_o pan_n poznanski_n lord_n of_o posnan_n etc._n etc._n crown-officer_n last_o of_o all_o the_o lay_n senator_n come_v the_o ten_o crown-officer_n who_o stand_v about_o the_o throne_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o king_n their_o degree_n be_v as_o follow_v viz._n the_o great_a marshal_n or_o great_a steward_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a marshal_n or_o great_a steward_n of_o lithuania_n the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o little_a marshal_n or_o court-marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o little_a marshal_n or_o court-marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n precede_v here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o five_o senator-officer_n of_o lithuania_n have_v the_o same_o dignity_n and_o power_n with_o those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o that_o they_o give_v place_n to_o the_o former_a but_o first_o for_o lay-senator_n the_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o lay-senator_n who_o be_v the_o great_a marshal_n or_o great_a steward_n of_o poland_n office_n his_o office_n be_v to_o prepare_v every_o thing_n for_o the_o general_a diet_n either_o by_o command_n of_o the_o king_n or_o the_o primate_n to_o assign_v station_n for_o the_o several_a member_n to_o exclude_v such_o as_o be_v none_o and_o to_o provide_v lodging_n for_o foreign_a minister_n and_o moreover_o to_o take_v care_n that_o all_o be_v safe_a where_o that_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n be_v to_o convene_v likewise_o to_o set_v prize_n upon_o all_o vendible_n and_o to_o moderate_v public_a show_n authority_n he_o may_v punish_v offender_n and_o seditious_a person_n even_o with_o death_n without_o be_v subject_n to_o a_o appeal_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o very_a great_a consequence_n he_o have_v the_o authority_n to_o impose_v silence_n and_o to_o give_v liberty_n to_o speak_v he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o admonish_v a_o senator_n or_o deputy_n if_o he_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n in_o his_o harangue_n his_o business_n be_v to_o promulgate_v the_o act_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o king_n decree_n either_o in_o case_n of_o infamy_n or_o death_n his_o duty_n be_v privilege_n also_o to_o carry_v a_o staff_n erect_v
the_o church_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o require_v nunciature_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n hold_v by_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n he_o must_v have_v present_v the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n with_o the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n court_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v among_o divers_a sort_n of_o judge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o gentry_n some_o of_o these_o determine_v cause_n exempt_a from_o appeal_n and_o other_o can_v tribunal_n those_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n be_v the_o three_o hightribunal_n institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v all_o gentry_n two_o of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n those_o for_o the_o kingdom_n keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n at_o petricovia_n in_o low_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o lublin_n in_o high_a poland_n that_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v alternative_o one_o year_n at_o vilna_n and_o another_o either_o at_o novogrodec_n or_o minski_n they_o all_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o judge_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a choose_v out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n the_o former_a once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a once_o in_o two_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v here_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o where_o matter_n be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n the_o cause_n here_o be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v within_o that_o time_n can_v be_v adjudge_v that_o sit_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o trial_n in_o these_o court_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o the_o nation_n for_o his_o judge_n deputy_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v send_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n green-cloth_n the_o senate_n also_o judge_n of_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n without_o appeal_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o the_o great_a chancellor_n in_o matter_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o court_n which_o they_o have_v only_a cognisance_n of_o but_o the_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n extend_v over_o all_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n both_o who_o find_v but_o little_a justice_n do_v they_o in_o poland_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o it_o court_v also_o there_o be_v two_o exchequer_n court_v for_o the_o revenue_n one_o hold_v at_o radom_n in_o high_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n these_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n appeal_n those_o that_o be_v not_o exempt_a from_o appeal_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o judge_n those_o for_o the_o gentry_n be_v either_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n or_o those_o of_o the_o starostas_n and_o be_v more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o palatinate_n where_o they_o be_v hold_v judge_n the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n have_v one_o judge_n a_o associate_n and_o a_o natory_n or_o head-clerk_n to_o try_v cause_n and_o administer_v all_o civil_a justice_n in_o some_o place_n four_o in_o other_o six_o time_n a_o year_n and_o in_o other_o once_o a_o month._n the_o courseof_o these_o court_n can_v only_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o judge_n by_o the_o diet_n or_o by_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o magistrate_n which_o last_o be_v every_o autumn_n to_o hear_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o town_n where_o the_o gentry_n sit_v be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o none_o who_o have_v land_n or_o good_n within_o each_o jurisdiction_n can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v at_o a_o court_n where_o they_o have_v none_o court_n the_o immediate_a appeal_n from_o these_o court_n be_v to_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o the_o palatinate_n who_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n the_o chamberlain_n of_o that_o district_n restore_v all_o that_o have_v be_v dispossess_v and_o ascertain_v all_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o land_n this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n but_o where_o there_o be_v any_o contest_v between_o the_o king_n and_o any_o of_o the_o gentry_n in_o this_o kind_a then_o at_o their_o request_n appeal_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n to_o inspect_v the_o matter_n dispute_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n therein_o likewise_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o a_o clergyman_n commissioner_n be_v order_v but_o there_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n claim_v the_o nomination_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o when_o any_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n die_v the_o king_n can_v name_v other_o till_o the_o district_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v have_v choose_v four_o out_o of_o the_o housekeeper_n but_o then_o he_o may_v pitch_v upon_o one_o for_o each_o election_n this_o office_n be_v once_o obtain_v it_o can_v be_v forfeit_v but_o by_o a_o high_a promotion_n or_o male_a administration_n court_n the_o other_o court_n for_o the_o gentry_n be_v those_o that_o take_v cognizance_n of_o criminal_a case_n whereof_o there_o be_v one_o only_o in_o every_o starostaship_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n where_o either_o the_o starosta_n himself_o or_o his_o lieutenant-criminal_a administer_v justice_n in_o his_o castle_n or_o some_o other_o public_a place_n at_o least_o every_o six_o week_n he_o likewise_o have_v cognisance_n of_o civil_a cause_n between_o such_o as_o have_v no_o land_n and_o such_o foreigner_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n here_o process_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v here_o a_o fortnight_n and_o in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v office_n he_o be_v also_o the_o executive_a minister_n of_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v and_o likewise_o a_o sole_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o his_o territory_n he_o be_v oblige_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o officer_n to_o see_v all_o public_a execution_n perform_v the_o court_n of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n city_n in_o city_n justice_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o scabin_n town-hall_n or_o judg-advocate_n the_o scabin_n have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o capital_a offence_n and_o criminal_a matter_n the_o town-hall_n of_o all_o civil_a case_n to_o which_o likewise_o the_o gentry_n be_v subject_a and_o the_o judg-advocate_n of_o offence_n commit_v by_o soldier_n civil_a matter_n of_o small_a moment_n be_v determine_v sole_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o town-hall_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n village_n in_o village_n the_o commonalty_n be_v subject_a to_o scabin_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o to_o scultet_n or_o peculiar_a lord_n from_o which_o last_o lie_v no_o appeal_n here_o justice_n be_v almost_o arbitrary_a except_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o scultet_n be_v hereditary_a judge_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o sentence_n in_o city_n and_o town_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o its_o own_o magistrate_n though_o in_o some_o case_n they_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v assistance_n from_o the_o starostas_fw-la court_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o plebeian_n court_n be_v some_o name_v by_o their_o peculiar_a lord_n and_o some_o elect_v by_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n except_o in_o cracow_n only_o where_o the_o palatine_a have_v a_o right_a of_o choose_v the_o magistrate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dis-place_n they_o after_o they_o be_v once_o choose_v for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o office_n for_o life_n unless_o they_o forfeit_v it_o by_o infamy_n or_o inability_n out_o of_o the_o xxiv_o compose_v the_o council_n or_o senate_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_a every_o year_n depute_v eight_o with_o the_o title_n and_o power_n of_o president_n he_o also_o name_v the_o judge_n and_o scabins_n by_o the_o magdeburg_n law_n though_o these_o in_o other_o city_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n the_o scultet_n or_o hereditary_a judge_n can_v be_v remove_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n profit_n the_o profit_n of_o all_o office_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o scarce_o any_o certain_a the_o pole_n esteem_v the_o honour_n of_o enjoy_v they_o sufficient_a recompense_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v all_o salary_n and_o perquisites_n though_o inconsiderable_a jurisdiction_n the_o military_a
country_n but_o here_o the_o citizen_n in_o prussia_n be_v except_v for_o they_o may_v possess_v land_n of_o what_o extent_n soever_o out_o of_o their_o city_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cracow_n may_v purchase_v and_o enjoy_v land_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n likewise_o the_o magistrate_n of_o vilna_n have_v a_o power_n to_o possess_v land_n and_o the_o city_n of_o leopol_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o privilege_n for_o its_o private_a citizen_n to_o hold_v land_n privilege_n a_o nobleman_n gentleman_z or_o one_o that_o be_v freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n every_o gentleman_n have_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o republic_n but_o then_o either_o he_o or_o some_o of_o his_o family_n must_v have_v possession_n in_o land_n there_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o all_o the_o great_a employment_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o buy_v land_n where_o he_o please_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n he_o have_v moreover_o a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n if_o his_o credit_n and_o interest_n can_v procure_v it_o every_o gentleman_n be_v a_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o master_n in_o his_o own_o land_n for_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o tenant_n or_o as_o the_o pole_n term_v they_o his_o subject_n though_o i_o may_v better_o call_v they_o his_o slave_n for_o they_o have_v neither_o privilege_n nor_o law_n to_o protect_v they_o but_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v absolute_o by_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o dare_v not_o leave_v his_o land_n to_o go_v to_o another_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n unless_o he_o sell_v they_o to_o his_o neighbour_n as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o do_v or_o have_v violate_v or_o ravish_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o some_o have_v wish_v to_o have_v have_v a_o fine_a wife_n or_o daughter_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v thereby_o have_v give_v they_o occasion_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o he_o convict_v if_o a_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o gentleman_n slave_n he_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v try_v nor_o punish_v for_o it_o and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v that_o gentleman_n another_o slave_n in_o the_o room_n of_o he_o or_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v buy_v one_o and_o beside_o to_o maintain_v the_o family_n of_o the_o person_n that_o he_o have_v kill_v likewise_o if_o he_o kill_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n he_o only_o pay_v a_o matter_n of_o fifty_o livre_n to_o be_v quit_v nay_o if_o one_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v nor_o clap_v into_o prison_n for_o his_o crime_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la unless_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v first_o convict_v he_o which_o common_o give_v he_o time_n enough_o to_o escape_v for_o he_o must_v first_o be_v cite_v to_o appear_v and_o upon_o his_o neglect_n he_o be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o consequent_o convict_v but_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o appear_v nor_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n this_o honour_n the_o pole_n likewise_o bestow_v on_o the_o common_a people_n hang_v being_n not_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o execution_n in_o their_o country_n exception_n however_o hartknoch_n have_v these_o exception_n from_o this_o privilege_n for_o say_v he_o if_o a_o nobleman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o ravish_v burn_v of_o house_n theft_n robbery_n or_o the_o like_a he_o may_v be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o law_n likewise_o if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v sufficient_a caution_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o offence_n or_o last_o if_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o register_n to_o have_v be_v thrice_o convict_v before_o notwithstanding_o this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v one_o instance_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v seize_v without_o any_o formality_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o be_v afterward_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o but_o then_o this_o crime_n of_o they_o be_v so_o notorious_a that_o the_o nobility_n may_v well_o have_v wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o these_o villain_n take_v that_o gentleman_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n at_o vilna_n and_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o scarce_o allow_v he_o time_n to_o say_v his_o prayer_n before_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a with_o pistol_n consent_n a_o polish_v nobleman_n though_o he_o be_v proscribe_v and_o cite_v and_o find_v guilty_a can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n knowledge_n and_o consent_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o samuel_n zborowski_n who_o though_o he_o have_v be_v proscribe_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n of_o the_o army_n zamoiski_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o presume_v to_o behead_v he_o till_o he_o have_v know_v king_n stephen_n pleasure_n therein_o soldier_n the_o polish_v gentry_n also_o have_v another_o privilege_n which_o be_v that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v such_o a_o thing_n the_o diet_n will_v either_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n or_o pronounce_v he_o infamous_a whereby_o he_o will_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o power_n of_o give_v his_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n and_o moreover_o be_v render_v incapable_a of_o enjoy_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n in_o the_o state_n and_o this_o be_v as_o be_v degrade_v from_o his_o nobility_n whereupon_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o and_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v towards_o his_o be_v choose_v the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n son_n go_v and_o quarter_v at_o the_o house_n of_o wiesnowiski_n without_o his_o leave_n as_o be_v report_v by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n which_o occasion_v the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o these_o case_n two_o day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n to_o deprive_v this_o palatin_n of_o his_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n whereby_o sobieski_n be_v free_v from_o a_o declare_a enemy_n and_o the_o austrian_a faction_n lose_v a_o profess_a friend_n gentry_n the_o king_n likewise_o can_v now_o lodge_v in_o any_o nobleman_n house_n against_o his_o will_n as_o he_o can_v before_o the_o year_n 1433._o also_o wherever_o any_o foreigner_n die_v without_o heir_n his_o estate_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o those_o land_n where_o he_o die_v and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n and_o where_o any_o polish_v gentleman_n die_v without_o heir_n the_o king_n can_v seize_v upon_o his_o estate_n by_o right_a of_o escheat_n if_o he_o have_v a_o relation_n leave_v of_o the_o eight_o degree_n inclusive_o the_o gentry_n also_o may_v have_v house_n in_o the_o king_n city_n and_o town_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o let_v such_o trade_n inhabit_v they_o as_o may_v prove_v obnoxious_a or_o a_o nuisance_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o likewise_o these_o house_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o however_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o observe_v the_o house_n of_o a_o nobleman_n moreover_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o asylum_n for_o though_o delinquent_n may_v be_v arrest_v there_o with_o his_o consent_n yet_o can_v they_o be_v take_v thence_o by_o force_n diet._n not_o less_o be_v a_o nobleman_n privilege_n as_o to_o custom_n and_o tax_n for_o if_o he_o will_v swear_v his_o good_n be_v not_o buy_v but_o arise_v from_o his_o land_n he_o may_v send_v they_o any_o where_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o pay_v duty_n and_o where_o he_o have_v once_o so_o swear_v his_o testimonial_n alone_o for_o the_o future_a will_v suffice_v to_o exempt_v they_o also_o his_o subject_n will_v have_v the_o same_o privilege_n wherever_o they_o trade_n in_o prussia_n the_o noble_n be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o custom_n but_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o inhabitant_n by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o culm_n but_o although_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v thus_o say_v to_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n yet_o upon_o emergent_a occasion_n and_o exigency_n the_o diet_n usual_o oblige_v they_o to_o pay_v they_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n preemption_n the_o nobility_n also_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o preemption_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o the_o staple_n for_o that_o commodity_n there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o a_o month_n notice_n before_o any_o can_v be_v sell_v to_o any_o body_n else_o notwithstanding_o after_o all_o these_o privilege_n the_o polish_v nobility_n
have_v one_o very_o great_a grievance_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o pospolite_n ruszanie_n or_o general_n muster_v of_o the_o militia_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n privilege_n how_o the_o polish_v gentry_n come_v by_o all_o these_o privilege_n it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o improper_a to_o inquire_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o former_o they_o be_v not_o much_o better_a than_o slave_n for_o to_o pass_v by_o many_o other_o example_n cromerus_n say_v they_o be_v once_o oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o king_n dog_n the_o first_o glimpse_n of_o their_o liberty_n may_v reasonable_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o privilege_n grant_v the_o clergy_n by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o afterward_o when_o poland_n begin_v to_o be_v harass_v by_o civil_a war_n the_o gentry_n obtain_v many_o large_a privilege_n from_o their_o king_n and_o which_o they_o have_v since_o always_o take_v care_n to_o get_v augment_v at_o every_o new_a election_n honour_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n be_v equal_a by_o birth_n notwithstanding_o some_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_v send_v their_o child_n to_o serve_v the_o great_a man_n as_o other_o servant_n and_o this_o principal_o to_o learn_v breed_n and_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o awe_n yet_o may_v that_o very_a same_o servant_n have_v as_o good_a a_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n as_o his_o master_n they_o neither_o value_n nor_o care_n for_o title_n of_o honour_n for_o they_o think_v the_o great_a they_o can_v have_v be_v to_o be_v a_o noble_a pole_n or_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n neither_o the_o king_n nor_o republic_n give_v any_o title_n of_o prince_n duke_z marquess_z count_z viscount_n baron_n or_o knight_n to_o any_o of_o the_o freeborn_a of_o the_o nation_n think_v i_o suppose_v that_o none_o can_v be_v any_o way_n raise_v above_o another_o by_o a_o bare_a exterior_a denomination_n which_o argue_v more_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o merit_n of_o the_o person_n prefer_v but_o rather_o by_o their_o service_n in_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n which_o they_o enjoy_v despise_v there_o be_v no_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o those_o which_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n for_o although_o some_o of_o the_o pole_n have_v be_v make_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o emperor_n as_o prince_n lubomirski_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o give_v they_o no_o precedence_n in_o poland_n but_o rather_o render_v they_o odious_a and_o despise_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentry_n who_o can_v endure_v that_o any_o shall_v pretend_v to_o any_o superiority_n among_o they_o especial_o by_o a_o title_n which_o be_v not_o annex_v to_o some_o employment_n in_o the_o nation_n undervalue_v king_n sigismond_n iii_o thought_n of_o establish_v a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o the_o immaculate_a conception_n in_o poland_n and_o have_v effectual_o create_v several_a knight_n thereof_o allow_v they_o certain_a privilege_n and_o a_o superiority_n above_o other_o but_o these_o be_v so_o despise_v and_o undervalue_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentry_n that_o scarce_o any_o one_o afterward_o care_v for_o that_o upstart_a honour_n whereupon_o that_o order_n soon_o dwindle_v into_o nothing_o the_o pole_n have_v a_o proverb_n to_o prove_v their_o equality_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v measure_v like_o a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n that_o be_v whenever_o any_o one_o pretend_v to_o rise_v but_o a_o grain_n above_o the_o level_n he_o be_v immediate_o strike_v off_o and_o ridicule_v poland_n there_o be_v some_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n that_o have_v have_v dutchy_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v to_o their_o estate_n as_o duke_n radzivil_n in_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n but_o there_o be_v no_o dutchy_n or_o county_n create_v by_o the_o king_n travel_v though_o the_o pole_n in_o their_o own_o country_n have_v no_o honorary_a title_n above_o a_o gentleman_n yet_o several_a have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v usurp_v they_o when_o they_o have_v travel_v into_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n for_o they_o there_o frequent_o assume_v those_o of_o count_n to_o themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o german_n in_o foreign_a country_n do_v those_o of_o baron_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o monsieur_n le_fw-fr conte_n malakowski_n il_fw-fr signior_n conde_n potoski_n mynheer_n graff_n jablonowski_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o they_o do_v to_o be_v the_o more_o easy_o admit_v into_o company_n especial_o in_o germany_n where_o it_o be_v scarce_o think_v that_o any_o body_n can_v be_v a_o gentleman_n under_o a_o baron_n and_o consequent_o not_o fit_a for_o conversation_n dr._n connor_n likewise_o say_v he_o have_v know_v some_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n in_o these_o country_n that_o have_v not_o scrupule_v to_o call_v themselves_o lord_n to_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a respect_n since_o they_o see_v that_o the_o title_n of_o gentleman_n alone_o be_v not_o regard_v there_o gentry_n the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n make_v and_o defend_v their_o own_o law_n and_o liberty_n elect_v their_o king_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o freedom_n give_v he_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n appoint_v minister_n to_o counsel_n and_o instruct_v he_o and_o their_o number_n far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o senate_n they_o easy_o keep_v the_o king_n and_o senator_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o threaten_v both_o very_a often_o especial_o in_o the_o diet_n where_o each_o member_n have_v a_o liberty_n to_o speak_v what_o he_o think_v and_o to_o think_v what_o he_o please_v it_o be_v they_o that_o despute_v the_o nuncios_fw-la out_o of_o themselves_o for_o every_o province_n to_o meet_v and_o sit_v in_o the_o general_n diet_n with_o full_a instruction_n and_o absolute_a power_n not_o to_o consent_v to_o any_o proceed_n which_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o entrench_v on_o their_o privilege_n or_o if_o such_o deputy_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v bribe_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o their_o instruction_n then_o have_v the_o gentry_n of_o the_o province_n whence_o they_o be_v send_v a_o free_a authority_n to_o punish_v they_o for_o so_o do_v great_a not_o only_o these_o excessive_a privilege_n make_v the_o polish_v gentry_n powerful_a and_o great_a but_o likewise_o the_o vast_a territory_n which_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o enjoy_v with_o a_o despotic_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n for_o some_o possess_v five_o some_o ten_o some_o fifteen_o some_o twenty_o nay_o some_o thirty_o league_n of_o land_n out_o right_a whereon_o they_o have_v always_o their_o several_a pod-starostas_a or_o gentlemen-steward_n reside_v who_o be_v to_o take_v account_n of_o their_o revenue_n to_o sell_v some_o thing_n and_o to_o send_v the_o rest_n to_o their_o master_n house_n to_o defray_v the_o exigency_n of_o the_o family_n some_o also_o be_v hereditary_a sovereign_n of_o city_n which_o the_o king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o and_o one_o of_o the_o prince_n lubomirski_n possess_v above_o four_o thousand_o city_n town_n and_o village_n moreover_o some_o can_v raise_v a_o army_n of_o five_o six_o eight_o and_o ten_o thousand_o man_n and_o maintain_v they_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n when_o they_o have_v do_v dr._n connor_n say_v prince_n lubomirski_n have_v actual_o seven_o thousand_o horse_n foot_n and_o dragoon_n in_o pay_n when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n magnificence_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o note_n live_v most_o splendid_o they_o have_v all_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n guard_n which_o keep_v sentry_n night_n and_o day_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o house_n they_o call_v they_o court_v and_o in_o their_o antichamber_n these_o guard_n go_v before_o and_o after_o their_o master_n coach_n in_o the_o street_n but_o above_o all_o these_o nobleman_n make_v a_o extraordinary_a figure_n at_o the_o general_a diet_n where_o some_o have_v three_o hundred_o some_o five_o and_o some_o a_o thousand_o guard_n always_o attend_v they_o nay_o hauteville_n say_v that_o former_o some_o great_a person_n have_v be_v know_v to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o above_o ten_o thousand_o men._n they_o esteem_v themselves_o not_o only_o equal_a but_o also_o above_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n especial_o such_o among_o they_o as_o be_v senator_n it_o be_v certain_a they_o want_v nothing_o to_o be_v as_o so_o many_o sovereign_a prince_n except_o the_o liberty_n of_o coin_v money_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v reserve_v whole_o to_o itself_o the_o doctor_n say_v he_o have_v no_o where_o see_v subject_n live_v with_o such_o excessive_a grandeur_n and_o splendour_n for_o these_o great_a man_n when_o they_o go_v to_o dinner_n or_o supper_n have_v always_o their_o trumpet_n sound_v and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o gentry_n to_o wait_v on_o they_o at_o table_n some_o whereof_o carve_v some_o give_v to_o drink_v other_o reach_v plate_n and_o all_o serve_v with_o extraordinary_a respect_n and_o submission_n for_o though_o all_o the_o gentry_n in_o poland_n be_v equal_a and_o have_v all_o their_o free_a vote_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o
hearth_n have_v no_o chimney_n and_o the_o smoke_n have_v only_o a_o little_a hole_n to_o get_v out_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n in_o poland_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o subsist_v a_o night_n without_o these_o hearth_n and_o therefore_o not_o only_o the_o peasant_n but_o gentry_n likewise_o be_v oblige_v to_o have_v they_o though_o the_o last_o be_v of_o different_a make_n and_o material_n from_o the_o former_a go_v the_o peasant_n child_n especial_o in_o russia_n go_v naked_a till_o they_o be_v four_o or_o five_o year_n old_a they_o be_v not_o teach_v to_o go_v till_o they_o be_v indifferent_a strong_a and_o then_o their_o mother_n set_v they_o against_o the_o threshold_n of_o the_o door_n where_o they_o first_o begin_v to_o essay_n their_o strength_n after_o they_o have_v roll_v about_o till_o they_o be_v sufficient_o dirty_a she_o take_v they_o and_o wash_v they_o in_o cold_a water_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o so_o that_o this_o be_v first_o consider_v it_o need_v not_o be_v wonder_v that_o they_o afterward_o become_v so_o exceed_o hardy_a i_o have_v see_v some_o of_o these_o child_n say_v hauterille_n that_o will_v slide_v along_o upon_o the_o ice_n for_o a_o good_a way_n together_o stark_o naked_a woman_n for_o the_o habit_n which_o these_o peasant_n use_v in_o winter_n they_o be_v a_o sheep_n skin_n with_o the_o wool_n on_o and_o in_o summer_n a_o close-bodyed_a coat_n of_o course_n stuff_n of_o a_o colour_n much_o like_o our_o chimneysweeper_n they_o also_o wear_v ordinary_a cap_n on_o their_o head_n sometime_o they_o have_v boot_n for_o their_o leg_n but_o most_o common_o the_o rind_n of_o tree_n only_o wrap_v round_o they_o with_o the_o thick_a part_n to_o guard_v the_o sole_n of_o their_o foot_n against_o stone_n the_o same_o custom_n be_v use_v in_o lithuania_n as_o may_v be_v see_v hereafter_o the_o women-peasant_n be_v habit_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o other_o country_n except_o that_o their_o smock_n and_o petticoat_n be_v exceed_v short_n those_o in_o russia_n go_v general_o in_o summer_n in_o their_o smock_n with_o a_o apron_n before_o they_o that_o reach_v low_a than_o ordinary_a poland_n now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o inform_v your_o lordship_n how_o nobility_n be_v acquire_v in_o poland_n which_o be_v first_o by_o birth_n where_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v noble_a nevertheless_o now_o a-days_o by_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o custom_n not_o only_o such_o be_v repute_v noble_a but_o likewise_o those_o who_o mother_n be_v plebeians_z for_o nothing_o be_v at_o present_v more_o practise_v in_o poland_n than_o for_o the_o gentry_n to_o match_v with_o the_o commonalty_n especial_o with_o those_o that_o be_v rich_a second_o nobility_n be_v acquire_v by_o creation_n which_o former_o be_v whole_o at_o the_o king_n be_v pleasure_n but_o of_o latter_a day_n be_v only_o at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o senate_n or_o diet._n gentleman_n the_o manner_n of_o make_v a_o gentleman_n be_v this_o the_o king_n not_o be_v sole_a sufficient_a for_o that_o purpose_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o send_v to_o all_o the_o little_a diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o their_o consent_n which_o afterward_o also_o must_v be_v approve_v by_o the_o great_a diet_n and_o then_o a_o gentleman_n may_v have_v his_o diploma_n and_o be_v enroll_v all_o this_o ceremony_n and_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o go_v to_o the_o make_n of_o a_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n a_o jew_n be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n first_o by_o become_v a_o christian_n and_o then_o by_o signalize_v himself_o in_o the_o war_n when_o he_o be_v propose_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o little_a diet_n and_o afterward_o confirm_v by_o the_o great_a one_o it_o may_v be_v here_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v bear_v than_o create_v noble_a for_o these_o last_o call_v by_o the_o pole_n scartabelli_n be_v subject_a to_o several_a imposition_n and_o inconvenience_n which_o the_o other_o be_v exempt_a from_o noble_a there_o be_v a_o three_o way_n of_o become_v noble_a which_o be_v by_o serve_v as_o magistrate_n in_o some_o privilege_v city_n particular_o in_o cracow_n and_o vilna_n where_o the_o consul_n or_o senator_n be_v qualify_v to_o transmit_v their_o privilege_n to_o their_o posterity_n it_o also_o as_o nobility_n be_v to_o be_v gain_v so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v forfeit_v three_o way_n first_o by_o some_o heinous_a crime_n for_o example_n where_o a_o nobleman_n permit_v one_o that_o be_v ignoble_a to_o usurp_v his_o coat_n of_o arms._n second_o by_o exercise_v any_o trade_n or_o merchandize_v or_o any_o sordid_a call_v in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n whereby_o he_o immediate_o forfeit_v his_o privilege_n and_o quality_n and_o three_o by_o be_v a_o magistrate_n in_o any_o city_n not_o privilege_v restore_v however_o though_o nobility_n may_v by_o these_o mean_n be_v lose_v and_o forfeit_v yet_o many_o have_v be_v know_v to_o be_v restore_v where_o their_o parent_n have_v quit_v their_o quality_n through_o poverty_n the_o pole_n just_o consider_v the_o force_n of_o that_o condition_n which_o be_v able_a to_o drive_v man_n to_o the_o most_o ignoble_a action_n pole_n to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o character_n of_o the_o pole_n i_o may_v affirm_v that_o they_o exceed_v all_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n in_o vivacity_n of_o spirit_n strength_n of_o body_n and_o live_v long_o which_o can_v be_v occasion_v by_o their_o climate_n because_o the_o swede_n moscovite_n and_o german_n live_v all_o under_o the_o same_o parallel_n and_o yet_o enjoy_v not_o the_o like_a vigour_n and_o health_n and_o therefore_o must_v proceed_v first_o from_o their_o diet_n which_o as_o to_o meat_n be_v general_o fresh_a roast_a flesh_n for_o they_o scarce_o ever_o eat_v any_o boil_a or_o salt_n and_o fowl_n which_o increase_v the_o volatile_a and_o fix_a salt_n and_o thence_o come_v their_o vigour_n and_o vivacity_n second_o from_o their_o drink_n which_o be_v spirituous_a and_o strong_a be_v chief_a hungarian_a wine_n burn_v or_o aniseed_n water_n both_o which_o they_o guzzle_v down_o in_o great_a quantity_n almost_o all_o the_o day_n long_o the_o poor_a sort_n have_v a_o liquor_n distil_v from_o wheat_n oat_n or_o barley_n which_o the_o gentry_n rectify_v with_o anniseed_n or_o aromatics_n three_o from_o their_o live_n hardy_o for_o they_o hate_v effeminacy_n and_o a_o poor_a country_n cottage_n please_v they_o as_o well_o as_o a_o palace_n and_o they_o frequent_o weave_v tapestry_n and_o arras_n as_o they_o travel_v along_o upon_o the_o road_n nay_o many_o of_o they_o will_v sleep_v in_o time_n of_o frost_n and_o snow_n without_o any_o bed_n or_o other_o conveniency_n and_o the_o little_a child_n two_o month_n after_o they_o be_v bear_v have_v be_v see_v carry_v about_o stark_o naked_a four_o from_o hunt_v which_o be_v very_o much_o in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o particular_o of_o a_o wild_a beast_n which_o they_o call_v zubra_n have_v no_o cleave_v foot_n they_o eat_v these_o animal_n which_o they_o find_v only_o in_o lithuania_n the_o pole_n be_v extreme_o addict_v to_o and_o expert_a in_o horsemanship_n which_o may_v probable_o occasion_v the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n five_o from_o other_o exercise_n for_o the_o pole_n be_v very_o much_o incline_v to_o dance_a leap_v vault_a jump_v etc._n etc._n as_o likewise_o exceed_o give_v to_o talk_v and_o conversation_n wherein_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o french_a six_o their_o bed_n fast_v and_o temperance_n in_o eat_v very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o their_o live_n long_o for_o hard_a bed_n knit_v their_o bone_n and_o temperance_n refine_v their_o spirit_n the_o slave_n among_o they_o have_v no_o bed_n and_o the_o master_n seldom_o use_v any_o but_o quilt_n and_o the_o like_a and_o seventh_o their_o health_n vigour_n and_o vivacity_n may_v reasonable_o be_v augment_v by_o their_o great_a freedom_n and_o privilege_n for_o where_o slavery_n hebetates_fw-la and_o blunt_v the_o mind_n and_o consequent_o enervate_v the_o body_n liberty_n exhilarate_v the_o one_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n strengthen_v the_o other_o etc._n the_o complexion_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v general_o incline_v to_o fair_a as_o likewise_o their_o hair_n to_o a_o pale_a yellowish_a colour_n their_o stature_n be_v common_o of_o the_o middle_a sort_n though_o a_o little_a tend_v to_o the_o tall_a their_o constitution_n be_v general_o good_a and_o their_o body_n gross_a yet_o the_o woman_n of_o quality_n make_v it_o their_o chief_a study_n to_o make_v themselves_o lean_a and_o slim_v but_o paint_v and_o wash_v to_o meliorate_v their_o complexion_n they_o abhor_v neither_o have_v they_o any_o occasion_n for_o they_o men._n the_o polish_v man_n cut_v their_o hair_n about_o their_o ear_n like_o monk_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o history_n they_o raze_v away_o all_o the_o hair_n from_o their_o face_n leave_v only_o one_o large_a whisker_n they_o walk_v grave_o
crown_n but_o they_o be_v wear_v only_o at_o diet_n and_o descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n the_o fashion_n the_o woman_n use_v come_v near_a to_o that_o of_o the_o man_n than_o in_o most_o country_n lithuania_n in_o lithuania_n the_o mean_a sort_n make_v shoe_n of_o bark_n of_o tree_n which_o they_o wrap_v about_o and_o put_v under_o the_o sole_n of_o their_o foot_n these_o shoe_n they_o call_v chodakys_o of_o the_o tender_a bark_n also_o they_o make_v stocking_n turn_v and_o wind_v it_o about_o the_o calf_n of_o their_o leg_n before_o they_o come_v into_o any_o town_n they_o always_o take_v care_n to_o put_v on_o fresh_a chodaky_n these_o every_o countryman_n almost_o make_v so_o that_o it_o be_v common_o use_v as_o a_o jest_n in_o poland_n that_o there_o be_v more_o shoemaker_n in_o lithuania_n than_o in_o all_o europe_n beside_o the_o same_o people_n likewise_o wear_v a_o sort_n of_o habit_n with_o sleeve_n weave_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n this_o they_o call_v samodzialka_n it_o be_v common_o grey_a and_o very_a thick_a and_o wear_v equal_o by_o man_n and_o woman_n among_o the_o rustic_n mode_n some_o few_o of_o the_o pole_n imitate_v the_o french_a fashion_n and_o wear_v linen_n lace_n point_n peruke_n and_o sword_n for_o those_o who_o retain_v the_o polish_v habit_n have_v no_o other_o linen_n but_o shirt_n and_o drawer_n and_o some_o of_o they_o sock_n the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o gentry_n and_o even_o some_o of_o the_o great_a man_n put_v sift_v chaff_n into_o their_o boot_n which_o serve_v they_o instead_o of_o sock_n when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o pole_n wear_v linen_n i_o mean_v only_o the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n for_o the_o peasant_n wear_v none_o at_o all_o unless_o some_o by_o chance_n happen_v to_o have_v shirt_n of_o course_n cloth_n fashion_n the_o woman_n former_o have_v only_a garland_n on_o their_o head_n compose_v of_o gold_n gem_n flower_n silk_n and_o the_o like_a but_o now_o they_o wear_v silk_n cap_n line_v with_o furr_n like_o the_o men._n they_o also_o former_o imitate_v the_o woman_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o in_o the_o late_a reign_n all_o the_o woman_n of_o quality_n particular_o those_o that_o reside_v at_o court_n follow_v the_o french_a mode_n king_n john_n iii_n queen_n be_v of_o that_o nation_n never_o do_v the_o price_n hinder_v their_o have_v fine_a thing_n for_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v bubble_v by_o foreign_a merchant_n especial_o french_a at_o a_o ridiculous_a rate_n extravagance_n both_o woman_n and_o man_n be_v extravagant_a to_o a_o infinite_a degree_n insomuch_o that_o some_o among_o they_o will_v have_v fifty_o suit_n of_o clothes_n at_o once_o all_o as_o rich_a as_o possible_a but_o what_o show_v their_o prodigality_n yet_o more_o be_v that_o they_o will_v almost_o have_v their_o servant_n go_v as_o well_o dress_v as_o themselves_o whereby_o they_o general_o soon_o spend_v their_o estate_n and_o be_v reduce_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o extreme_a want_n but_o this_o prodigality_n of_o they_o do_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o their_o habit_n but_o likewise_o to_o their_o building_n equipage_n and_o other_o custom_n in_o their_o modern_a building_n many_o of_o they_o imitate_v the_o italian_n though_o general_o speak_v indeed_o their_o house_n be_v small_a and_o low_a especial_o in_o the_o country_n house_n they_o never_o live_v above_o stair_n and_o their_o house_n be_v not_o unite_v the_o kitchen_n be_v on_o one_o side_n the_o stable_a on_o another_o the_o house_n on_o another_o and_o the_o gate_n in_o the_o front_n all_o which_o make_v a_o court_n either_o square_a or_o round_a these_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o wood_n though_o the_o other_o sort_n be_v both_o of_o brick_n and_o stone_n furniture_n the_o inside_n of_o their_o house_n be_v general_o hang_v with_o tapestry_n or_o arras_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o householdstuff_n and_o utensil_n proportionable_o suitable_a yet_o towards_o tartary_n they_o do_v not_o much_o care_n to_o have_v any_o furniture_n extraordinary_a for_o fear_n of_o the_o incursion_n of_o that_o barbarous_a people_n therefore_o in_o that_o part_n of_o poland_n the_o gentry_n content_v themselves_o with_o a_o few_o small_a bed_n with_o taffata_n curtain_n just_a enough_o to_o serve_v their_o family_n for_o if_o any_o go_v to_o lodge_v at_o their_o house_n they_o general_o carry_v their_o bed_n along_o with_o they_o orchard_n the_o polish_v gentry_n have_v seldom_o any_o garden_n or_o orchard_n to_o their_o house_n though_o their_o country_n be_v very_o proper_a for_o fruit-tree_n whereby_o they_o may_v save_v the_o expense_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o corn_n which_o they_o consume_v in_o beer_n by_o make_v of_o cider_n and_o perry_n effect_n although_o it_o be_v extreme_a cold_n in_o poland_n yet_o will_v the_o polish_v gentry_n have_v almost_o every_o one_o a_o bagnio_fw-it in_o his_o house_n in_o which_o the_o woman_n have_v their_o apartment_n separate_v from_o the_o men._n there_o be_v likewise_o public_a bath_n in_o every_o city_n and_o town_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o they_o frequent_v not_o only_o in_o summer_n but_o also_o in_o winter_n from_o their_o frequent_a use_n of_o bath_n probable_o come_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o polish_v child_n be_v seldom_o scabby_a either_o in_o head_n or_o face_n it_o may_v be_v here_o also_o observe_v that_o the_o child_n in_o poland_n be_v seldom_o distort_v crooked_a or_o ill-shaped_a as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o other_o country_n because_o here_o they_o do_v not_o swath_n their_o child_n but_o only_o wrap_v they_o loose_v in_o linen_n clouts_n show_n the_o pole_n be_v general_o so_o great_a admirer_n of_o splendour_n and_o show_n that_o their_o woman_n seldom_o stir_v out_o of_o door_n without_o a_o coach_n and_o six_o though_o it_o be_v only_o cross_v the_o way_n either_o to_o church_n or_o to_o visit_v a_o neighbour_n but_o the_o man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n go_v on_o horseback_n and_o rare_o on_o foot_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o ignoble_a attendant_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n be_v always_o attend_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n the_o woman_n to_o wait_v on_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o man_n on_o the_o men._n the_o principal_a senator_n always_o ride_v or_o walk_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o retinue_n put_v the_o best_a clothe_v of_o their_o servant_n before_o they_o when_o the_o gentry_n of_o either_o sex_n go_v abroad_o a_o night_n they_o have_v twenty_o four_o or_o more_o whitewax_n flambeaux_fw-fr carry_v before_o their_o coach_n woman_n of_o quality_n general_o have_v their_o train_n bear_v up_o by_o he_o or_o she-dwarf_n these_o lady_n have_v also_o with_o they_o a_o old_a woman_n which_o they_o call_v their_o governante_n and_o a_o old_a gentleman_n for_o their_o gentleman-usher_n who_o office_n be_v to_o follow_v their_o coach_n on_o foot_n and_o to_o help_v they_o out_o of_o it_o when_o they_o alight_v it_o may_v be_v remark_v that_o their_o coach_n go_v always_o very_o slow_a and_o grave_o modest_a the_o reason_n of_o these_o two_o old_a people_n wait_v on_o the_o lady_n be_v not_o because_o their_o husband_n be_v jealous_a as_o in_o most_o of_o the_o eastern_a country_n for_o the_o polish_v lady_n be_v general_o very_o modest_a and_o do_v not_o at_o all_o abuse_n the_o great_a liberty_n allow_v they_o exception_n but_o this_o rule_n do_v not_o hold_v among_o the_o common_a people_n for_o maid_n with_o they_o never_o think_v themselves_o awhit_o the_o worse_a for_o be_v unmarried_a mother_n nor_o be_v their_o frailty_n any_o hindrance_n to_o their_o fortune_n for_o they_o soon_o marry_v again_o and_o thereby_o repair_v the_o scandal_n these_o sort_n of_o grass-widdow_n most_o common_o serve_v for_o nurse_n for_o a_o virtuous_a marry_v woman_n though_o she_o be_v never_o so_o poor_a will_v hardly_o ever_o nurse_n any_o child_n but_o her_o own_o restrain_v it_o may_v be_v observe_v notwithstanding_o all_o these_o honour_n do_v the_o woman_n in_o poland_n that_o they_o do_v neither_o keep_v the_o purse_n nor_o wear_v the_o breeches_n for_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o have_v any_o thing_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o ask_v their_o husband_n for_o it_o by_o kneel_v embrace_v his_o knee_n and_o call_v he_o their_o benefactor_n except_o some_o few_o trifle_n of_o course_n allow_v they_o as_o butter_n and_o egg_n after_o the_o house_n be_v serve_v and_o flax_n ready_a hitchel_v by_o the_o peasant_n all_o which_o indeed_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o without_o their_o husband_n privity_n but_o as_o to_o other_o thing_n they_o can_v for_o the_o man_n be_v the_o sole_a manager_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o woman_n have_v little_a more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o eat_v drink_v and_o divert_v themselves_o temper_v as_o the_o pole_n
any_o presumption_n i_o have_v to_o lay_v down_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v in_o the_o least_o contribute_v or_o add_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o general_n officer_n of_o your_o experience_n my_o lord_n militia_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o polish_v empire_n the_o pole_n be_v rather_o force_v by_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n than_o command_v by_o indulgent_a law_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o extend_v its_o limit_n but_o since_o christianity_n have_v be_v receive_v among_o they_o bolestaus_fw-la chrobry_n their_o first_o king_n ordain_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o horse_n out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n and_o district_n and_o a_o set_a company_n of_o foot_n out_o of_o every_o city_n and_o town_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o a_o short_a warning_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n along_o with_o they_o this_o be_v what_o they_o call_v their_o pospolite_n ruszenie_v or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n gather_v together_o under_o one_o head_n or_o general_n at_o a_o place_n and_o time_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n and_o those_o of_o the_o senate_n that_o be_v always_o to_o attend_v he_o as_o his_o privy-council_n horse_n to_o this_o general_a expedition_n first_o all_o land_a gentry_n as_o well_o public_a as_o private_a a_o few_o only_o except_v which_o i_o shall_v name_v hereafter_o be_v oblige_v to_o come_v 2._o all_o gentry_n that_o live_v in_o city_n or_o town_n upon_o usury_n or_o otherwise_o 3._o all_o citizen_n that_o enjoy_v land_n or_o tenement_n these_o beside_o all_o in_o prussia_n be_v those_o of_o cracow_n vilna_n and_o leopol_n 4._o all_o tenant_n that_o have_v hire_v land_n be_v to_o go_v themselves_o or_o to_o send_v out_o other_o 5._o the_o king_n tenant_n 6._o ecclesiastical_a scultet_n or_o advocate_n 7._o in_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n all_o citizen_n in_o general_n be_v order_v either_o to_o send_v or_o go_v themselves_o 8._o even_o those_o gentry_n that_o be_v clap_v up_o in_o jail_n for_o heinous_a crime_n be_v to_o be_v let_v out_o to_o assist_v at_o the_o pospolite_n yet_o when_o that_o be_v once_o over_o they_o be_v to_o return_v to_o prison_n again_o to_o expiate_v the_o whole_a extent_n of_o their_o sentence_n both_o all_o these_o be_v to_o be_v horse_n well_o accoutre_v but_o as_o a_o army_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o some_o foot_n this_o pospolite_n also_o do_v consist_v former_o of_o the_o 20_o boor_n out_o of_o every_o village_n or_o rather_o farm_n who_o be_v to_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o scymitar_n long_a gun_n and_o pole-ax_n but_o which_o be_v often_o now_o change_v to_o a_o mulct_n to_o hire_v foreigner_n yet_o there_o be_v still_o some_o polish_v foot_n though_o of_o small_a esteem_n every_o citizen_n that_o be_v now_o worth_a 8000_o florence_o be_v to_o find_v a_o horse_n and_o he_o that_o have_v only_o 4000_o be_v to_o set_v out_o a_o foot-soldier_n well_o provide_v the_o boor_n also_o be_v to_o fit_v out_o one_o among_o 28_o family_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o provision_n sufficient_a for_o half_a a_o year_n the_o pole_n term_v both_o these_o wybrancy_n that_o be_v pick_v or_o select_v man_n so_o that_o wybraniecka_n piechota_n be_v a_o pick_v soldier_n if_o any_o of_o all_o these_o refuse_v to_o appear_v upon_o the_o three_o summons_n their_o land_n or_o good_n be_v immediate_o confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n use_n serve_v those_o gentry_n that_o be_v excuse_v from_o appear_v at_o the_o pospolite_n be_v 1._o such_o as_o may_v depute_v other_o in_o their_o room_n viz._n superannuated_a or_o sick_a person_n widow_n orphan_n minor_n and_o last_o the_o clergy_n for_o their_o temporality_n when_o any_o public_a or_o private_a nobleman_n be_v sick_a he_o must_v notisie_n and_o attest_v it_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o several_a sufficient_a witness_n also_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o lithuania_n a_o clergy_n man_n must_v send_v out_o both_o for_o his_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a estate_n as_o likewise_o in_o poland_n where_o there_o be_v any_o temporal_a land_n annex_v to_o his_o benefice_n 2._o those_o that_o have_v estate_n in_o several_a palatinate_n or_o district_n be_v oblige_v but_o to_o appear_v for_o one_o 3._o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o gentry_n be_v ease_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o several_a of_o they_o may_v join_v in_o the_o fit_v out_o of_o one_o horse_n which_o be_v practise_v especial_o in_o masovia_n also_o brother_n that_o be_v joint-tenant_n may_v depute_v one_o to_o appear_v for_o all_o 4._o the_o king_n court_n and_o retinue_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o muster_n under_o the_o palatine_n and_o where_o the_o king_n do_v not_o go_v into_o the_o field_n in_o person_n they_o be_v to_o be_v total_o excuse_v 5._o about_o 30_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o queen_n court_n be_v exempt_a 6._o about_o 12_o of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n court_n and_o oftentimes_o some_o officer_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o bishop_n court_n especial_o where_o their_o attendance_n be_v otherwise_o require_v by_o the_o republic_n 7._o all_o minister_n to_o foreign_a court_n together_o with_o their_o domestic_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v dispense_v with_o 8._o all_o starosta_n that_o be_v leave_v in_o garrison_n and_o their_o tribune_n and_o last_o the_o great_a constable_n or_o governor_n of_o cracow_n castle_n with_o his_o deputy_n the_o burgraves_n and_o two_o captain_n of_o foot_n be_v to_o be_v excuse_v several_a province_n and_o palatinate_v likewise_o have_v peculiar_a privilege_n relate_v to_o this_o general_a meeting_n for_o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o masovia_n and_o plockzko_n six_o brother_n although_o they_o have_v distinct_a estate_n send_v but_o one_o horseman_n in_o podlachia_n out_o of_o ten_o farm_n they_o send_v but_o one_o light-horse_n and_o out_o of_o twenty_o but_o one_o cuirassier_n the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n and_o braclaw_n have_v likewise_o peculiar_a privilege_n in_o a_o general_a expedition_n the_o gentry_n of_o podolia_n be_v to_o continue_v in_o garrison_n at_o caminiec_n while_o the_o pole_n have_v that_o city_n in_o possession_n the_o prussian_n also_o need_v not_o march_v beyond_o the_o river_n vistula_n ossa_n and_o drebnicz_n and_o last_o lithuanian_n be_v not_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o great_a duchy_n now_o as_o to_o the_o great_a number_n assemble_v at_o this_o pospolite_n basko_n a_o polish_v writer_n say_v that_o only_o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lenschet_fw-mi in_o the_o time_n of_o boleslaus_n chrobry_n 2000_o cuirassier_n and_o 4000_o light-horse_n be_v raise_v at_o one_o time_n starovolscius_fw-la say_v that_o uladislaus_n have_v 100000_o horse_n against_o the_o prussian_a knight_n over_z and_o above_o what_o he_o have_v leave_v to_o defend_v the_o province_n i_o may_v observe_v several_a other_o prodigious_a lustration_n out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o omit_v they_o only_o i_o may_v affirm_v with_o boterus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o poland_n that_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n the_o pole_n can_v raise_v upward_o of_o 100000_o horse_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n 70000_o but_o starovolscius_fw-la be_v of_o opinion_n they_o can_v both_o raise_v above_o 200000_o horse_n without_o expense_n also_o fredro_n think_v that_o the_o pole_n can_v raise_v above_o 200000_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o polish_v foot_n be_v uncertain_a they_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o appear_v or_o to_o be_v excuse_v for_o money_n starovolscius_fw-la say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n they_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o many_o hundred_o be_v discourage_v by_o the_o rigour_n of_o their_o starosta_n and_o whole_o confine_v to_o their_o rustic_a drudgery_n though_o continue_v he_o they_o be_v more_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o hardship_n of_o war_n then_o either_o the_o german_n or_o hungarian_n who_o can_v scarce_o live_v in_o the_o polish_v air._n he_o also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o polish_v infantry_n if_o encourage_v may_v amount_v to_o a_o considerable_a number_n and_o be_v not_o a_o little_a serviceable_a the_o foreign_a hire_a foot_n have_v sometime_o exceed_v 30000_o when_o the_o cosack_v serve_v the_o pole_n but_o they_o fight_v also_o on_o horseback_n and_o king_n stephen_n in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o suede_n in_o livonia_n have_v above_o 16000_o german_a and_o hungarian_a foot_n in_o his_o pay_n muster_v now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v and_o muster_v this_o vast_a body_n of_o men._n when_o a_o pospolite_n be_v once_o agree_v by_o the_o general_n diet_n to_o be_v summon_v the_o king_n after_o the_o ancient_a manner_n send_v out_o his_o writ_n or_o letter_n into_o all_o the_o palatinate_v or_o district_v of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o inferior_a officer_n they_o be_v fasten_v by_o a_o small_a cord_n to_o a_o long_a pole_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v
commonwealth_n after_o a_o great_a many_o debate_n pro_n and_o con_n these_o last_o get_v the_o better_a and_o prevail_v to_o have_v the_o army_n continue_v in_o the_o same_o disorder_n as_o before_o example_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o inconvenience_n that_o the_o polish_v government_n lie_v under_o as_o to_o military_a affair_n yet_o in_o time_n of_o action_n their_o cavalry_n especial_o have_v effect_v wonder_n a_o few_o example_n of_o which_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n with_o out_o of_o starovolscius_fw-la he_o begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n i._o and_o say_v that_o the_o general_n lesniovius_n with_o not_o above_o 1500_o spear-man_n rout_v above_o 40000_o moscovite_n kill_v upward_o of_o 9000_o on_o the_o spot_n in_o like_a manner_n another_o general_n boratinius_n with_o 2000_o horse_n defeat_v 30000_o moscovite_n kill_v 7000_o of_o they_o and_o bring_v away_o all_o their_o cannon_n in_o the_o same_o reign_n likewise_o camenecius_n with_o only_o 6000_o horse_n overthrow_v above_o 25000_o tartar_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n tarnovius_n with_o 4000_o beat_v 22000_o turk_n and_o valachian_n take_v from_o they_o above_o 52_o field-piece_n in_o sigismond_n ii_n reign_n duke_n radzivil_n with_o 7000_o only_a rout_v 30000_o moscovite_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o castle_n of_o ula_n and_o prince_n sapieba_n with_o 5000_o both_o defend_v the_o fortress_n of_o venda_n and_o defeat_v the_o besieger_n which_o be_v upward_o of_o 24000_o moscovite_n and_o livonian_o under_o king_n stephen_n general_n zborowski_n with_o scarce_o 2000_o horse_n discomfit_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o dantzic-rebel_n make_v up_o out_o of_o several_a nation_n and_o leave_v above_o 8000_o dead_a upon_o the_o spot_n also_o in_o sigismond_n iii_n time_n general_n zamoski_n with_o scarce_o 6000_o horse_n beat_v the_o archduke_n maximilian_n who_o have_v with_o he_o about_o 18000_o man_n he_o likewise_o repulse_v the_o tartar_n with_o only_o 3000_o man_n who_o be_v come_v to_o invade_v poland_n with_o 70000._o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o chodkievicz_n with_o no_o more_o than_o 3000_o rout_v the_o suede_v in_o livonia_n kill_v 9000_o and_o take_v 4000_o prisoner_n starovolscius_fw-la have_v some_o few_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o polish_v valour_n but_o whether_o what_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v will_v be_v credit_v by_o your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o determine_v however_o i_o may_v affirm_v that_o this_o author_n have_v never_o hitherto_o be_v esteem_v for_o fabulous_a war._n what_o i_o have_v remain_v to_o say_v as_o to_o the_o pole_n force_v be_v that_o however_o great_a it_o have_v hitherto_o be_v yet_o be_v it_o rather_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o their_o good_a fortune_n than_o conduct_v for_o two_o principal_a quality_n to_o make_v a_o warlike_a enterprise_n especial_o successful_a have_v ever_o be_v stranger_n to_o they_o these_o be_v the_o power_n to_o keep_v a_o secret_a and_o a_o exact_a intelligence_n of_o their_o enemy_n advances_n and_o condition_n as_o to_o a_o secret_a which_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o all_o great_a proceed_n that_o be_v so_o little_o observe_v in_o poland_n that_o scarce_o the_o mean_a officer_n in_o the_o army_n but_o know_v what_o the_o general_n intend_v to_o do_v almost_o as_o soon_o as_o himself_o and_o for_o intelligence_n of_o the_o posture_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o enemy_n by_o reason_n they_o make_v use_v of_o no_o spy_n they_o never_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o matter_n till_o they_o happen_v to_o meet_v a_o party_n and_o take_v they_o prisoner_n from_o who_o they_o be_v accustom_a to_o extort_v confession_n in_o case_n of_o obstinacy_n raise_v as_o to_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n i_o have_v show_v before_o how_o it_o be_v execute_v now_o i_o must_v give_v some_o short_a account_n from_o what_o it_o arise_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v it_o it_o arise_v either_o from_o occasional_a imposition_n or_o perpetual_a custom_n and_o yearly_o tax_n of_o the_o former_a kind_a be_v a_o general_n poll_n or_o capitation_n and_o voluntary_a gift_n of_o the_o clergy_n for_o they_o can_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o latter_a sort_n be_v all_o fix_a duty_n upon_o the_o jew_n tartar_n land_n merchandise_n art_n etc._n etc._n from_o yearly_o tax_n all_o scholar_n and_o such_o as_o busy_v themselves_o in_o study_n be_v except_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n set_v apart_o for_o maintain_v a_o guard_n on_o the_o frontier_n may_v likewise_o be_v rank_v under_o this_o denomination_n of_o fix_a duty_n the_o manner_n of_o raise_v these_o tax_n and_o duty_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n leave_v to_o the_o king_n discretion_n though_o sometime_o the_o diet_n assume_v that_o authority_n as_o likewise_o to_o supervise_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o money_n raise_v it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o collector_n office_n be_v to_o last_v no_o long_o than_o the_o imposition_n he_o be_v to_o collect_v what_o as_o to_o provision_n there_o be_v no_o sutler_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o they_o will_v never_o be_v pay_v for_o what_o they_o sell_v and_o then_o though_o they_o dare_v venture_v yet_o they_o will_v run_v no_o ordinary_a risk_a to_o be_v plunder_v before_o they_o reach_v the_o camp_n and_o this_o especial_o by_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o be_v general_o more_o give_v that_o way_n than_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v likewise_o no_o magazine_n as_o in_o other_o country_n so_o that_o the_o officer_n especial_o be_v oblige_v to_o have_v great_a equipage_n and_o many_o carriage_n to_o convey_v their_o necessary_n along_o with_o they_o wherever_o they_o march_v among_o these_o their_o tent_n be_v extraordinary_a fine_a though_o very_o heavy_a also_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o republic_n of_o poland_n have_v any_o public_a armoury_n or_o arsenal_n though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o uladislaus_n jagello_n institute_v some_o few_o repository_n for_o great_a cannon_n yet_o which_o be_v now_o of_o no_o great_a consequence_n and_o those_o which_o be_v in_o far_o great_a number_n and_o much_o more_o useful_a be_v chief_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o gentry_n or_o in_o the_o great_a city_n whence_o as_o often_o as_o the_o king_n have_v occasion_n he_o either_o take_v they_o at_o pleasure_n or_o at_o sufferance_n foreign_a poland_n likewise_o be_v not_o want_v in_o metal_n several_a new_a cannon_n be_v found_v whenever_o the_o old_a become_v unserviceable_a the_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o german_n the_o pole_n not_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o that_o art_n the_o arm_n the_o polander_v general_o use_v i_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o yet_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o add_v what_o hartknoch_n say_v of_o the_o ancient_n polish_v historian_n which_o be_v that_o they_o affirm_v that_o former_o the_o pole_n make_v use_v of_o a_o very_a heavy_a sort_n of_o arm_n insomuch_o that_o when_o boleslaus_n ii_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o prussian_n wade_v with_o his_o army_n through_o the_o river_n ossa_n many_o of_o his_o soldier_n be_v drown_v mere_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o arms._n fortification_n for_o castle_n poland_n have_v a_o great_a number_n scarce_o any_o considerable_a city_n or_o town_n be_v without_o one_o yet_o which_o be_v now_o of_o little_a or_o no_o use_n except_o some_o few_o which_o be_v still_o keep_v up_o the_o rest_n be_v suffer_v to_o decay_v by_o the_o noble_n that_o have_v get_v possession_n of_o they_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o first_o fortification_n in_o poland_n be_v on_o account_n of_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o its_o neighbour_n though_o now_o say_v starovolscius_fw-la speak_v of_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n man_n be_v not_o desirous_a of_o invade_v other_o we_o find_v that_o we_o be_v sufficient_o capable_a to_o defend_v ourselves_o with_o our_o body_n though_o be_v we_o otherwise_o incline_v we_o may_v raise_v as_o strong_a fortification_n as_o any_o in_o europe_n yet_o which_o we_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v not_o so_o consistent_a with_o true_a courage_n and_o valour_n thereby_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o unfortify_v country_n lie_v most_o expose_v to_o sudden_a eruption_n as_o this_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n have_v often_o experience_v but_o then_o this_o mischief_n continue_v but_o a_o little_a while_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o nobility_n can_v be_v get_v together_o the_o invader_n be_v general_o force_v to_o retire_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o several_a example_n in_o our_o modern_a history_n alone_o these_o maxim_n of_o the_o pole_n to_o have_v few_o or_o no_o fortify_v place_n be_v found_v upon_o several_a potent_a reason_n for_o they_o thereby_o promote_v the_o personal_a valour_n of_o their_o own_o man_n and_o weaken_v that_o of_o their_o enemy_n by_o not_o leave_v either_o a_o place_n of_o retreat_n if_o we_o
and_o those_o of_o curland_n on_o the_o other_o after_o this_o the_o envoy_n be_v permit_v to_o sit_v down_o to_o cover_v his_o head_n and_o have_v great_a civility_n pay_v he_o power_n this_o duke_n have_v all_o the_o regalia_z that_o the_o german_a sovereign_a prince_n have_v he_o coin_n money_n in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o have_v high_a and_o low_a justice_n over_o the_o nobleman_n of_o his_o country_n only_o in_o some_o extraordinary_a case_n appeal_n may_v be_v make_v to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n court_n he_o have_v great_a demesn_n of_o which_o his_o revenue_n chief_o consist_v and_o keep_v a_o very_a pretty_a court_n have_v all_o his_o great_a officer_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v officer_n the_o landhoff-meist_a or_o chief_a minister_n the_o high_a chancellor_n the_o supreme_a marshal_n and_o the_o supreme_a burgrave_n these_o be_v the_o four_o great_a state_n officer_n the_o more_o inferior_a be_v the_o councillor_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o supreme_a starostas_n whereof_o two_o be_v for_o curland_n viz._n the_o supreme_a starostas_n of_o goldingen_n and_o tuczkon_n and_o two_o for_o semigallia_n viz._n the_o supreme_a starostas_n of_o mittaw_n and_o selburg_n stagostas_n these_o staâ—ostas_n ought_v all_o to_o be_v noble_a native_n and_o landed-man_n next_o follow_v the_o governor_n of_o place_n military-officer_n etc._n etc._n gentry_n the_o gentry_n of_o this_o country_n be_v very_o ancient_a and_o very_a free_a be_v exceed_o jealous_a of_o suffer_v any_o upstart_n nobleman_n to_o come_v among_o they_o esteem_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o ancient_a family_n and_o creation_n order_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o far_a account_n of_o this_o country_n i_o must_v add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o more_o concern_v the_o livonian_a order_n and_o which_o i_o can_v not_o have_v do_v before_o unless_o i_o have_v break_v the_o chain_n of_o the_o connection_n choose_v the_o provincial_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o great_a chapter_n of_o prussia_n whereupon_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1439._o the_o livonian_a knight_n have_v elect_v one_o henry_n a_o bukenode_n for_o their_o master_n they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n for_o their_o have_v so_o do_v and_o notwithstanding_o be_v afterward_o oblige_v to_o submit_v to_o a_o new_a election_n in_o prussia_n comendador_n next_o the_o provincial_a master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n be_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o order_n after_o who_o come_v the_o several_a commendador_n and_o the_o advocate_n the_o commendador_n be_v in_o number_n eleven_o whereof_o the_o two_o first_o be_v in_o curland_n and_o the_o three_o in_o semigallia_n order_n the_o advocate_n be_v nine_o two_o have_v be_v of_o curland_n and_o one_o of_o semigallia_n these_o knight_n have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o order_n of_o sword-bearer_n and_o their_o habit_n arm_n be_v a_o white_a mantle_n with_o a_o sword_n on_o the_o breast_n in_o pale_a and_o a_o star_n gules_a in_o chief_a but_o after_o their_o join_n with_o the_o teutonick_n order_n they_o have_v likewise_o their_o habit_n and_o cross_n curland_n for_o a_o geographical_a description_n of_o this_o country_n i_o must_v acquaint_v you_o sir_n that_o the_o two_o dutchy_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n have_v these_o several_a principal_a city_n and_o town_n for_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o any_o sub-division_n into_o jalatinate_n or_o district_n as_o i_o have_v perform_v in_o poland_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o goldingen_n cap._n vinda_n bish_n pilten_n liba_n erdwalen_n angermund_n grubin_n tuczkon_v frawenburg_n vschwend_n talsen_n candaw_n durben_n hasenpot_n and_o oendange_v goldingen_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v goldingen_n in_o latin_a goldinga_n a_o city_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n weet_v about_o seven_o german_a mile_n from_o vinda_n or_o windaw_n to_o the_o west_n and_o near_o fifteen_o from_o mittaw_n in_o semigallia_n to_o the_o east_n this_o city_n have_v a_o large_a jurisdiction_n vinda_n vinda_n or_o windaw_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n kiescz_n be_v a_o city_n and_o palatinate_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n knight_n build_v on_o the_o seashore_n and_o which_o be_v former_o residence_n to_o the_o livonian_a knight_n as_o likewise_o the_o place_n where_o they_o convene_v their_o parliament_n or_o general_n assembly_n now_o it_o have_v usual_o a_o garrison_n of_o pole_n but_o which_o be_v nevertheless_o under_o command_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o seaport_n of_o curland_n the_o other_o be_v liba_n pilten_n pilten_a be_v a_o town_n and_o palatinate_n of_o this_o duchy_n who_o gentry_n be_v protestant_n and_o offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n protection_n he_o endeavour_v to_o re-establish_a a_o popish_a bishop_n there_o this_o have_v former_o be_v a_o catholic_n bishopric_n who_o land_n they_o then_o possess_v whereupon_o they_o alter_v their_o resolution_n and_o forthwith_o submit_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n curland_n these_o be_v the_o rich_a gentry_n in_o this_o prince_n dominion_n whereof_o the_o principal_a family_n be_v those_o of_o maydel_n beher_n sacken_n mandevil_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o semigallia_n be_v the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o mittaw_n metropolis_n of_o these_o dominion_n bauske_n doblin_n selburg_n radziwiliski_n nithaw_n birze_n pozwole_v lunka_n dalen_n schudding_n pilkall_n beher_n nersten_a and_o salatt_n of_o all_o which_o the_o capital_a of_o this_o duchy_n and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n dominion_n be_v mittaw_n mittaw_fw-mi in_o latin_a mittavia_n or_o mittovia_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n this_o city_n be_v build_v on_o the_o river_n musza_n and_o be_v a_o pretty_a large_a place_n contain_v about_o twelve_o thousand_o inhabitant_n it_o have_v a_o weak_a wall_n though_o nevertheless_o a_o well_o castle_n fortify_v and_o stately_a castle_n with_o two_o bastion_n which_o be_v surround_v by_o marsh_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a and_o numerous_a garrison_n house_n the_o street_n of_o this_o city_n be_v not_o pave_v for_o want_v of_o stone_n and_o the_o citizen_n house_n be_v either_o of_o brick_n or_o timber_n as_o in_o poland_n place_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o seven_o polish_v miles_n from_o riga_n in_o regal_a livonia_n and_o only_o four_o from_o the_o prontier_n of_o samogitia_n conquer_a it_o have_v be_v twice_o take_v of_o late_a by_o the_o swede_n but_o have_v be_v since_o regain_v and_o be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o its_o duke_n bauske_n bauske_n another_o strong_a city_n in_o this_o duchy_n which_o have_v a_o well_o fortify_v castle_n and_o a_o numerous_a garrison_n curland_n the_o religion_n of_o this_o country_n be_v general_o lutheran_n though_o there_o be_v some_o few_o roman_a catholic_n and_o calvinist_n there_o church_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o first_o the_o late_a duke_n at_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n request_n give_v leave_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o roman_n catholic_n church_n one_o at_o mittaw_n and_o the_o other_o at_o goldingen_n the_o jesuit_n pretend_v to_o have_v buy_v this_o cureteship_n of_o mittaw_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n to_o have_v settle_v there_o but_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v frequent_o oppress_v and_o their_o college_n be_v break_v down_o not_o long_o since_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o still_o subsist_v mittaw_n the_o duchess_n of_o curland_n have_v be_v all_o hitherto_o calvinist_n have_v always_o have_v one_o church_n at_o mittaw_n set_v a_o part_n for_o they_o and_o their_o religion_n where_o the_o calvinist_n and_o protestant_n of_o livonia_n as_o likewise_o the_o english_a merchant_n of_o riga_n come_v to_o exercise_n their_o devotion_n there_o be_v no_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n allow_v throughout_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n except_o at_o stockholm_n only_o where_o the_o french_a huguenot_n have_v be_v permit_v to_o build_v a_o church_n curland_n as_o to_o the_o government_n of_o curland_n there_o be_v first_o parliament_n the_o parliament_n or_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n of_o this_o duteby_n which_o be_v convene_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o duke_n as_o often_o as_o any_o urgency_n of_o state_n so_o require_v it_o send_v out_o his_o letter_n of_o summons_n to_o all_o the_o starostas_fw-la of_o his_o dominion_n together_o with_o a_o schedule_n of_o the_o point_n propose_v to_o be_v debate_v on_o require_v they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o cause_v deputy_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o be_v forth_o with_o elect_v in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n whereupon_o they_o be_v soon_o elect_v according_o and_o furnish_v with_o instruction_n from_o their_o elector_n how_o they_o shall_v behave_v themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o poland_n these_o afterward_o meet_v at_o mittaw_n together_o with_o the_o four_o supreme_a counsellor_n consult_v
about_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a councillor_n next_o the_o four_o supreme_a counsellor_n or_o minister_n of_o state_n meet_v twice_o every_o year_n that_o be_v on_o the_o epipbany_n and_o trinity_n monday_n at_o mittaw_n and_o sit_v at_o least_o five_o week_n to_o exercise_n and_o do_v justice_n the_o first_o week_n be_v usual_o spend_v in_o state-counsel_n where_o the_o prince_n presence_n and_o authority_n be_v likewise_o require_v the_o second_o be_v take_v up_o in_o judge_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o three_o in_o determine_v criminal_n case_n the_o four_o in_o settle_v ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o the_o five_o in_o hear_v complaint_n of_o and_o receive_v petition_n from_o the_o subject_n justice_n the_o degree_n of_o demand_v justice_n in_o city_n in_o all_o extraordinary_a matter_n be_v these_o first_o the_o gentry_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o supreme_a starosta_n for_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a starostas_n have_v little_a jurisdiction_n but_o in_o small_a matter_n second_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o supreme_a councillor_n court_n in_o criminal_a case_n where_o the_o life_n of_o any_o nobleman_n be_v concern_v immediate_a application_n be_v make_v to_o this_o court_n and_o the_o four_o supreme_a starostas_n be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v there_o if_o any_o of_o these_o starostas_n happen_v to_o be_v absent_a one_o that_o be_v inferior_a may_v be_v depute_v in_o his_o room_n three_o appeal_n may_v be_v make_v both_o in_o criminal_a and_o civil_a case_n to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n which_o the_o curlander_n term_v judicia_fw-la postcurialia_a court_n ecclesiastical_a court_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o four_o supreme_a councillor_n before_o mention_v in_o conjunction_n with_o a_o sur-intendant_a and_o four_o provost_n court_n the_o inferior_a city_n court_v belong_v to_o the_o city_n magistracy_n or_o to_o the_o neighbour_a starostas_n within_o who_o jurisdiction_n the_o offender_n live_v appeal_v in_o these_o trivial_a court_n can_v be_v make_v no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o supreme_a starostas_n who_o sentence_n be_v final_a officer_n the_o executor_n of_o justice_n in_o curland_n be_v term_v die_v man-richters_a who_o in_o civil_a case_n after_o a_o three_o summons_n to_o satisfy_v the_o plaintiff_n and_o upon_o non-performance_n or_o non-plea_n levy_v the_o debt_n or_o demand_v by_o way_n of_o distress_n curland_n the_o trade_n of_o curland_n consist_v in_o much_o the_o same_o commodity_n as_o in_o poland_n wherefore_o the_o corn_n of_o curland_n and_o livonia_n be_v fight_v after_o by_o the_o dutch_a more_o than_o that_o of_o poland_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v better_a prepare_v and_o cure_v here_o than_o in_o other_o country_n for_o they_o be_v accustom_a to_o dry_v their_o corn_n in_o the_o straw_n as_o we_o do_v malt_n and_o afterward_o to_o thrash_v both_o together_o but_o this_o consume_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o wood_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v forbid_v it_o to_o be_v practise_v any_o where_o within_o his_o dominion_n poland_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o acquaint_v you_o sir_n that_o this_o duchy_n of_o curland_n in_o case_n the_o duke_n thereof_o want_v heirs-males_a be_v to_o revert_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o ducal-prussia_n be_v to_o do_v from_o the_o elector_n of_o branden_n burg_n thus_o sir_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v what_o use_n i_o can_v of_o my_o short_a time_n and_o imperfect_a help_n to_o entertain_v you_o but_o which_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n to_o despair_v of_o accomplish_v unless_o i_o can_v have_v produce_v something_o more_o accurate_a in_o its_o kind_n nevertheless_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v dispense_v with_o my_o inability_n and_o accept_v the_o good_a will_n of_o sir_n your_o very_a humble_a and_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n finis_fw-la the_o table_n vol._n i._n a_o alexander_n king_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v page_n 67._o his_o war_n and_o death_n 68_o his_o character_n ibid._n alexander_n prince_n his_o character_n 189._o affect_a by_o the_o queen_n ibid._n b_o boleslaus_n i._n his_o war_n 26._o institutes_n xii_o senator_n his_o assistant_n ibid._n his_o character_n and_o death_n ibid._n ii_o how_o long_o reign_v 29._o his_o war_n marriage_n and_o vice_n ibid._n flight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o death_n 30._o iii_o his_o surname_n and_o war_n 31._o etc._n etc._n his_o marriage_n 32._o valour_n and_o success_n 33._o death_n issue_n and_o character_n ibid._n iv._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 35._o his_o war_n ibid._n his_o death_n 36._o v._o his_o surname_n and_o guardian_n 43._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o trouble_n 44._o retire_v into_o hungary_n ibid._n return_v 45._o farther_o trouble_n and_o war_n ibid._n his_o death_n ibid._n batori_fw-la vide_fw-la stephen_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n lord_n over_o 13_o city_n 223._o his_o chapter_n ibid._n bresty_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 234._o braclaw_n pal._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 277._o description_n ibid._n braclaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 277._o belsko_fw-mi pal._n description_n 280._o division_n into_o district_n ibid._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 281._o their_o description_n ibid._n belsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 281._o byelsko_fw-mi cap._n of_o podlachia_n it_o be_v description_n 297._o broscia_n pal._n one_o district_n 330._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n description_n 331._o its_o arm_n 332._o brescia_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 331._o bear_n nourish_v child_n 342._o story_n of_o one_o ibid._n assertion_n confirm_v by_o the_o king_n 343._o another_o account_n from_o the_o dutch_a ambassador_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n a_o three_o account_n from_o hartknock_n 348._o c._n city_n the_o first_o 6._o the_o second_o ibid._n cracus_n his_o death_n 13._o his_o issue_n ibid._n cracow_n when_o and_o by_o who_o build_v 12._o university_n by_o who_o found_v 59_o take_a by_o stratagem_n 132._o where_o situate_a and_o how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n 238._o whence_o its_o name_n ibid._n its_o division_n castle_n and_o cathedral_n 238_o etc._n etc._n when_o first_o make_v a_o metropolitan_a see_v 240._o how_o many_o church_n ibid._n its_o university_n and_o professor_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n its_o college_n 241._o vicechancellor_n ibid._n monastery_n and_o mendicant_n 242._o its_o house_n ib._n mayor_n of_o cracow_n 248._o government_n of_o the_o castle_n 249._o chrobry_n vi_fw-la boleslaus_n i._n casimir_n i._n queen_n regent_z during_o minority_n ibid._n he_o become_v monk_n ibid._n recall_v upon_o agreement_n with_o the_o pope_n ibid._n his_o marriage_n war_n death_n and_o issue_n 28._o ii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 37._o surname_v the_o just_a and_o a_o example_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n ease_v his_o subject_n of_o tax_n 38._o conspiracy_n against_o he_o ibid._n disappoint_v 39_o his_o war_n ibid._n death_n and_o issue_n ibid._n iii_o surname_v the_o great_a 50._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n make_v peace_n with_o teutonic_n knight_n ibid._n his_o conquest_n ibid._n good_a deed_n ibid._n character_n other_o war_n and_o death_n 55._o iu._n when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 63._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n assist_v the_o prussian_n 64._o rout_n teutonic_n order_n ibid._n obtain_v advantageous_a peace_n ibid._n his_o issue_n 65._o his_o death_n and_o age._n curland_n and_o semigallia_n first_o duke_n 77._o enjoy_v by_o his_o posterity_n ever_o since_o ibid._n common_a wealth_n jocular_a of_o babina_n 79._o candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n 85._o after_o the_o abdication_n of_o henry_n of_o valois_n 87._o after_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n batori_n 104._o two_o of_o these_o come_v into_o poland_n 108._o after_o uladislaus_n vii_o 125._o after_o john_n casimir_n 140._o after_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n 155._o after_o john_n sobieski_n 235._o court_n of_o justice_n none_o 90._o batori_fw-mi erect_v two_o call_v tribunal_n ibid._n be_v to_o determine_v civil_a cause_n without_o appeal_n ibid._n cosacks_n how_o so_o term_v 94._o use_v to_o make_v inroad_n ibid._n to_o who_o compare_v ibid._n reduce_v to_o a_o discipline_n ibid._n whence_o their_o name_n ibid._n extent_n of_o their_o first_o dominion_n 95._o a_o conjecture_n about_o this_o country_n ibid._n it_o be_v present_a extent_n 96._o their_o building_n ibid._n character_n ibid._n religion_n 97._o fast_n ibid._n language_n 98._o custom_n and_o manner_n ibid._n abundance_n of_o fly_n and_o locust_n ibid._n their_o custom_n and_o manner_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n 99_o their_o rebellion_n 146._o be_v favour_v by_o the_o turk_n ibid._n produce_v a_o bad_a peace_n ibid._n conti_n prince_n of_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 205._o proclaim_a king_n by_o the_o primate_n 206._o send_v for_o into_o poland_n 207._o favour_v by_o prince_n sapieha_n ibid._n come_v to_o dantzic_n ibid._n give_v
miâ—ceslaus_n i._n 24._o his_o christian_a wife_n ib._n his_o war_n 25._o ii_o his_o war_n 26._o character_n and_o death_n 27._o iii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 36._o whence_o surname_v the_o old_a ibid._n be_v dethrone_v 37._o endeavour_n to_o get_v restore_v 38._o be_v restore_v 40._o dethrone_v again_o ibid._n reinthron_v 41._o his_o death_n ibid._n michael_n wiesnowiski_n refuse_v the_o crown_n 144._o accept_v it_o ibid._n proclaim_a crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 145._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o death_n 149._o leave_v no_o issue_n ibid._n bury_v 171._o marienburg_n city_n build_v 51._o it_o be_v description_n 262._o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n king_n elect_n acquaint_v that_o he_o be_v choose_v 87._o prevent_v invade_v poland_n by_o death_n 88_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n rout_v by_o the_o polish_v general_n 109._o beat_v again_o and_o make_v prisoner_n 110._o offer_a liberty_n on_o honourable_a term_n 111._o dissent_n ib._n consent_n ib._n mine_n 245._o of_o cracaw_n 246._o description_n of_o they_o ib._n etc._n etc._n manna_n particular_a sort_n and_o eat_v for_o sauce_n 248._o michalevia_n territory_n it_o be_v description_n 262._o marienburg_n pal._n it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n 262._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n masovia_n province_n its_o bound_n 283._o inhabitant_n 284._o division_n into_o palatinate_n ib._n their_o several_a arm_n 288._o 289._o 290._o masovia_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 284._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 285._o their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n mindog_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n acknowledge_v king_n 308._o murder_a 309._o mscislaw_n pal._n description_n 333_o division_n into_o district_n ib._n etc._n etc._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 334._o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 335._o mscislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 334._o minski_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 337._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 338._o minski_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 337._o n._n number_n of_o polish_v prince_n 9_o of_o town_n and_o village_n in_o poland_n 217_o etc._n etc._n novogrodec_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 332._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 333._o novogrodec_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 332._o o._n oliva_n treaty_n there_o 133._o p._n poland_n its_o origin_n 3._o whence_o so_o call_v 5._o what_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n ib._n by_o who_o found_v ib._n its_o policy_n 7._o make_v a_o figure_n in_o the_o ixth_o century_n 20._o it_o be_v ancient_a extent_n 213._o increase_v by_o conquest_n ib._n by_o policy_n 214._o present_a extent_n 225._o its_o bound_n and_o soil_n 216._o its_o product_n 217._o cilmate_fw-it 218._o river_n ib._n their_o several_a course_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o lake_n 220._o pole_n when_o first_o christian_n 24._o march_z to_o recover_v podolia_n 148._o conquer_v but_o fail_v in_o their_o design_n ib._n etc._n etc._n popiel_n i._n 16._o his_o vice_n and_o death_n ib._n ii_o ib._n judgement_n upon_o he_o 17._o piastus_n 21._o cause_o of_o his_o election_n ib._n his_o virtue_n and_o death_n 22._o how_o long_o his_o family_n reign_v ib._n give_v the_o name_n of_o piasto_n 23._o patron_n of_o poland_n 30._o premislus_n when_o crown_v 48._o murder_a ib._n prophecy_n comical_a 108._o post_n when_o first_o settle_v in_o poland_n 123._o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o turk_n 173._o how_o long_o last_v ib._n prince_n james_n his_o character_n 188._o intend_a marriage_n disappoint_v ib._n marry_v to_o another_o 189._o weak_a and_o sickly_a ib._n officiate_n as_o ambassador_n 192._o resign_v his_o interest_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n 206._o princess_n john_n iii'_v daughter_n her_o character_n 190._o her_o marriage_n ib._n portion_n 191._o ceremony_n of_o her_o marriage_n ib._n equipage_n for_o her_o journey_n to_o brussels_n 193._o reception_n at_o berlin_n 195._o be_v meet_v by_o the_o elector_n 196._o proceed_v on_o her_o journey_n 197._o arrival_n at_o brussels_n 198._o physician_n a_o consultation_n of_o they_o 199._o posnan_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 221._o posnania_n palatinate_n its_o arm_n 226._o prussia_n province_n its_o bound_n 257._o product_n ib._n rivers_n 258._o lake_n ib._n division_n 259._o officer_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a council_n ib._n its_o arm_n 265._o prussia_n royal_a division_n into_o palatinate_n 259._o prussia_n dueal_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n 264._o pomerania_n pal._n 260._o premislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 269._o podolia_n pal_z wherefore_o famous_a 274._o division_n into_o district_n ib._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o several_a description_n 175_o etc._n etc._n plosko_fw-mi pal._n division_n into_o district_n 288._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n plosko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 288._o podlachia_n province_n its_o bound_n 296._o division_n into_o district_n ib._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 〈◊〉_d their_o description_n 297_o etc._n etc._n arm_n of_o the_o proâ—ovince_n 298._o pinsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 331._o polocz_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 338._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 339._o polocz_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 338._o q._n queen-dowager's_a zeal_n 156._o king_n michael_n assign_v a_o jointure_n 166._o queen_n john_n iii'_v first_o come_v into_o poland_n 186._o her_o first_o marriage_n ib._n age_n and_o qualification_n ib._n etc._n etc._n her_o address_n in_o dispose_v of_o employment_n 187._o r._n rochester_n lord_n his_o embassy_n into_o poland_n 172._o have_v audience_n of_o the_o queen_n at_o dantzick_n ib._n make_v a_o present_a to_o the_o princess_n ib._n receive_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o camp_n 173._o have_v public_a audience_n at_o zolkiew_n ib._n manner_n thereof_o ib._n his_o return_n home_o ib._n respect_n little_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n child_n 189._o rava_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 230._o its_o city_n and_o town_n ib._n etc._n etc._n rava_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 230_o etc._n etc._n russia_n province_n division_n and_o description_n 266._o division_n into_o palatinate_n ib._n arm_n 276_o 280_o 281_o 283._o russia_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 267._o their_o several_a arm_n 269_o 271._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n rosienia_n capital_a of_o samogitia_n it_o be_v description_n 293._o religion_n ancient_a and_o present_a of_o lithuania_n 339_o etc._n etc._n s_o stratagem_n succeed_v 14._o defeat_v 15._o sigismond_n i._n when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 69._o defeat_v a_o conspiracy_n and_o army_n ib._n other_o war_n ib._n etc._n etc._n his_o marriage_n 70._o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n ib._n grant_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n to_o dantzickers_n ib._n war_n with_o knight_n end_v by_o mediation_n 71._o force_v other_o invader_n to_o retire_v ib._n his_o death_n and_o age_n 72._o his_o character_n marriage_n and_o issue_n ib._n ii_o surname_v augustus_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 75._o his_o marriage_n displease_v the_o diet_n 76._o unite_v livonia_n to_o poland_n 77._o his_o war_n with_o the_o moscovite_n ib._n force_v the_o czar_n to_o a_o peace_n 78._o send_v a_o army_n to_o support_v bogdan_n in_o valachia_n ib._n oblige_v to_o return_v home_o ib._n rather_o favour_v than_o disturb_v the_o lutheran_n 79._o hear_v several_a of_o their_o preacher_n ib._n incline_v most_o bishop_n to_o that_o persuasion_n ib._n a_o great_a escape_n he_o have_v ib._n his_o death_n and_o issue_n ib._n stephen_n batori_fw-la king_n receive_v and_o crown_v 88_o primate_n submit_v ib._n who_o great_o assist_v to_o he_o in_o his_o election_n ib._n his_o rise_n 89._o his_o marriage_n ib._n more_o severe_a in_o punishment_n than_o law_n allow_v 90._o encourage_v speak_v latin_n 91._o a_o wonder_n to_o the_o french_a ib._n his_o war_n ib._n be_v refuse_v to_o name_v a_o successor_n 100_o his_o character_n ib._n his_o death_n and_o epitaph_n ib._n etc._n etc._n sigismond_n de_fw-fr vasa_n king_n ambassador_n send_v to_o acquaint_v he_o 107._o be_v crown_v in_o poland_n 109._o his_o marriage_n 111._o crown_v king_n of_o sweden_n 112._o depose_v there_o ib._n cause_n of_o his_o war_n with_o the_o moscovite_n 113._o his_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n 115._o invasion_n by_o gustavus_n adolthus_n 116._o sigismund_n death_n ib._n his_o character_n ib._n speech_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o premislaw_n 119._o another_o appease_v heat_n 143._o another_o by_o the_o palatin_n of_o russia_n 160._o byasses_n poland_n and_o part_n of_o lithuania_n 161._o senator_n of_o great_a poland_n 225_o 227_o 229_o 232_o 233_o 236._o of_o lesser_n poland_n 248_o 254_o 256._o of_o prussia_n 265._o of_o russia_n 274_o 276_o 277_o 280_o 281_o 283._o of_o masovia_n 287_o 289_o 290._o of_o samogitia_n 294._o of_o volhynia_n 296._o of_o podlachia_n 298._o of_o lithuania-prope_a 328_o 330_o 331._o of_o lithuanic-russia_n 333_o 335_o 336_o 338_o 339._o
severia_n city_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n 243._o siradia_n pal._n its_o arm_n 230._o sendomir_n pal._n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 249._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 251._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n sendomir_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 250._o sanoch_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 273._o sâ—â—â—giâ—ta_fw-la province_n 290._o its_o bound_n 291._o manner_n of_o people_n ib._n their_o superstition_n 292._o manner_n of_o sacrifice_v ib._n etc._n etc._n division_n into_o district_n 293._o principal_a town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n t_o teutonic_n order_n call_v into_o poland_n 43._o establish_v in_o prussia_n 51._o prove_v troublesome_a to_o the_o pole_n ib._n therefore_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 52._o rout_n the_o prussian_n and_o casimir_n iu._n 64._o tartar_n first_o inroad_n 44._o second_o incursion_n 61._o three_o incursion_n with_o the_o moscovite_n and_o moldavian_n 71._o turk_n take_v podhais_n 170._o thorn_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 261._o its_o arm_n ib._n native_a town_n of_o copernicus_n ib._n etc._n etc._n troki_n city_n build_v 315._o it_o be_v description_n 329._o troki_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 328._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 329._o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 330._o u._n visimirus_n 10._o his_o conquest_n 11._o his_o death_n ibid._n venda_fw-la 13._o her_o death_n ib._n uladislaus_n i._n 30._o his_o war_n ib._n his_o marriage_n and_o death_n 31._o ii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 33._o persecute_v his_o brother_n 34._o a_o severe_a revenge_n ib._n his_o flight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o death_n 35._o iii_o uladislaus_n lasconogus_n 42._o surrenders_n his_o crown_n ib._n iv._o whence_o so_o call_v 48._o when_o begin_v his_o reign_n and_o how_o long_o reign_v 49._o his_o war_n and_o vice_n ib._n be_v dethrone_v ib_a restore_v 50._o meet_v with_o difficulty_n ib._n etc._n etc._n his_o speech_n to_o his_o army_n 52._o overthrow_v the_o teutonic_n order_n 53._o be_v crown_v with_o his_o queen_n ib._n his_o death_n ib._n uladislaus_n v._o vide_fw-la jagello_n vi_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 60._o regent_n during_o minority_n 61._o crown_v king_n of_o hungary_n ib._n his_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n ib._n etc._n etc._n be_v compliment_v on_o a_o victory_n 62._o kill_v and_o rout_v by_o the_o turk_n 63._o epitaph_n upon_o he_o ib._n his_o perfidy_n awaken_v the_o turk_n ib._n vii_o elect_v proclaim_a and_o crown_v 121._o his_o marriage_n and_o war_n ib._n with_o the_o cosack_n 122._o his_o death_n 123._o ukraina_n country_n of_o the_o cosack_n whence_o so_o call_v 93._o how_o divide_v ib._n to_o who_o ancient_o belong_v ib._n its_o inhabitant_n vide_fw-la cosacks_n vielunia_n territory_n it_o be_v division_n 229._o principal_a town_n ibid._n arm_n 230._o uladislaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 234._o varmia_n bishopric_n and_o pal._n exempt_a from_o regal_a jurisdiction_n 263._o it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n vinnicza_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 277._o volhynia_n province_n division_n into_o district_n 294._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 296._o vilna_n city_n build_v 316._o it_o be_v description_n 325._o its_o arm_n 328._o vilna_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 325._o it_o be_v chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 328._o vitebsko_fw-mi vide_fw-la witebsko_n w._n woievod_n xii_o their_o government_n 12_o 14._o depose_v ib._n wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n crown_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o how_o long_o reign_v 49._o go_v into_o bohemia_n ib._n lose_v his_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o die_v 50._o warsaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 285_o etc._n etc._n witebsko_fw-mi pal._n have_v but_o one_o district_n 335._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n its_o arm_n 336._o witebsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 335._o z._n ziemovitus_fw-la 23._o his_o war_n character_n and_o death_n ib._n ziemovistus_n ib._n his_o character_n and_o death_n ib._n etc._n etc._n zulava_n island_n it_o be_v division_n 263._o zamoisk_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 283._o table_n ii_o ☞_o note_v this_o second_o volume_n have_v be_v put_v to_o two_o printing-house_n a_o second_o alphabet_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o therefore_o to_o avoid_v mistake_v the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o asterism_n *_o after_o the_o folio_n for_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o second_o part._n a._n armenian_n in_o poland_n where_o inhabit_v 49._o have_v peculiar_a prelate_n etc._n etc._n ib._n service_n in_o what_o language_n ibid._n acknowledge_v the_o see_v of_o rome_n ib._n associate_n to_o judge_n 77._o army_n polish_v it_o be_v division_n 9_o *_o of_o the_o horse_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o of_o the_o foot_n 11_o *_o manner_n of_o pay_v the_o army_n 20_o *_o inferior_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n 31_o etc._n etc._n *_o auxiliary_n what_o 16_o *_o example_n ib._n *_n b._n bishopric_n polish_v how_o many_o 36_o etc._n etc._n their_o several_a diocese_n 37._o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n ib._n bishop_n polish_v each_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o little_a court_n 46._o have_v also_o suffragans_fw-la ib._n contest_v with_o lay-senator_n for_o precedence_n ib._n have_v most_o of_o they_o large_a revenue_n 47._o bishop_n greek_n in_o premislaw_n 44._o in_o kiovia_n be_v former_o primate_n of_o moscovy_n 45._o burgraves_n their_o office_n 80._o bath_n in_o poland_n private_a and_o public_a with_o their_o effect_n 199._o burial_n order_n of_o procession_n at_o they_o 206._o other_o proceed_n 207._o particular_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n interment_n ib._n c._n commonalty_n polish_v their_o condition_n 5._o wherefore_o enslave_v ib._n incapable_a of_o preferment_n except_o some_o few_o 167._o how_o first_o enslave_v 182._o live_v satisfy_v notwithstanding_o 183._o their_o present_a condition_n 184._o enrich_v their_o lord_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n how_o fix_v in_o a_o farm_n 185._o cosacks_n a_o further_a account_n of_o they_o 11_o etc._n etc._n *_o their_o council_n of_o war_n 12_o *_o way_n of_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o boat_n ib._n *_n their_o power_n 13_o *_o crown_n of_o poland_n mean_v to_o continue_v it_o in_o one_o family_n 26._o vacant_a four_o way_n 126._o custom_n polish_v way_n of_o hunt_v wild_a ox_n 209._o manner_n of_o take_v bear_n 211._o way_n of_o order_v cabbage_n 212._o pole_n eat_v but_o little_a bread_n 215._o custom_n at_o feast_n vide_fw-la feast_n manner_n at_o table_n 217._o way_n of_o take_v tobacco_n 218._o custom_n in_o travel_v vide_fw-la travel_v manner_n of_o peculiar_a country_n 224._o custom_n in_o grind_v corn_n 227._o rustic_n employment_n within_o and_o without_o door_n 229._o manner_n in_o husbandry_n 233._o way_n of_o prune_v tree_n ib._n manner_n of_o sow_v ib._n etc._n etc._n way_n of_o secure_v and_o order_v corn_n 234._o peculiar_a custom_n in_o prussia_n ib._n manner_n of_o fish_v in_o poland_n 40_o *_o manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v priest_n in_o dantzic_n 47_o *_o counsellor_n privy_a who_o in_o poland_n 31._o four_o senator_n particular_o assign_v 31_o 35._o castellan_n what_o and_o whence_o so_o call_v 35._o name_n and_o precedence_n from_o 61_o to_o 67._o their_o duty_n 60._o their_o division_n qualification_n office_n and_o title_n ib._n etc._n etc._n name_v in_o polish_v 68_o cracow_n bishop_n of_o his_o residence_n and_o precedence_n 42._o bishopric_n and_o power_n ib._n how_o address_v to_o 43_o cracow_n palatin_a of_o wherefore_o prefer_v 55._o cujavia_n bishop_n of_o he_o see_v precedence_n and_o authority_n 43._o have_v several_a place_n of_o residence_n ib._n culm_n bishop_n of_o his_o precedence_n and_o see_v 45._o chelm_fw-ge bishop_n of_o he_o see_v translate_v and_o wherefore_o 45._o caminiec_fw-la bishop_n of_o honorary_a be_v under_o the_o turk_n 46._o church_n greek_n two_o sort_n 47._o priest_n how_o call_v and_o wherefore_o ib._n calvinist_n in_o what_o part_n of_o poland_n 48._o king_n oblige_v to_o protect_v they_o ib._n name_n in_o polish_v ibid._n first_o nobleman_n that_o become_v calvinist_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n clergy_n regular_n their_o privilege_n 51._o dissolute_a life_n ib._n clergy_n secular_a their_o manner_n 52._o division_n ib._n church_n polish_v fine_a and_o well_o adorn_v 53._o a_o rich_a cope_n at_o leopel_n ib._n chancellor_n great_a and_o vice_n qualification_n of_o those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n 70._o both_o have_v seal_n and_o equal_a authority_n 71._o their_o office_n and_o power_n ib._n succeed_v each_o other_o 72._o how_o ought_v to_o be_v qualify_v ib._n cavalry_n polish_v what_o require_v in_o vain_a of_o they_o 7_o *_o great_a force_n with_o example_n 24_o etc._n etc._n *_o cupbearer_n carver_n etc._n etc._n 77._o custom-house_n commissioner_n 78._o chamberlain_z vice_n of_o district_n his_o office_n 78._o chamberlain_n under_o he_o ib._n convocation_n
the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n rustic_n and_o their_o condition_n work_v on_o sunday_n pay_v rigid_a duty_n etc._n etc._n their_o edible_n and_o custom_n at_o grind_a corn._n their_o habit_n carriage_n and_o how_o make_v house_n employment_n within_o and_o without_o door_n why_o little_a horse_n here_o qualification_n for_o marriage_n character_n of_o these_o rustic_n samogitia_n differ_v from_o lithuania_n sturdy_n drinker_n reward_v proof_n of_o great_a age._n people_z more_o robu_v here_o manner_n in_o husbandry_n strange_a way_n of_o prune_v tree_n peculiar_a manner_n of_o sow_v way_n of_o order_v corn._n peculiar_a custom_n in_o prusia_n habitation_n and_o furniture_n meat_n and_o drink_n the_o pospolite_n or_o polish_v militia_n who_o oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o horse_n who_o in_o the_o foot_n and_o penalty_n for_o neglect_v in_o both_o who_o be_v excuse_v from_o serve_v the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o pospolife_o former_o and_o now_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o be_v raise_v and_o muster_v thing_n require_v in_o vain_a of_o the_o polish_v cavalry_n meet_v at_o the_o general_n rendezvous_n a_o division_n of_o the_o army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o horse_n heavy_a arm_v light_a horse_n a_o division_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o cosack_n proceed_n in_o their_o counsel_n of_o war_n way_n of_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o bo_n their_o power_n what_o the_o polish_v foot_n be_v and_o how_o employ_v hire_a foot_n and_o their_o condition_n why_o so_o much_o use_v and_o their_o arm_n and_o livery_n gentry_z how_o far_o oblige_v to_o march_n with_o other_o particular_n hungarian_a foot_n when_o first_o hire_v auxiliary_n what_o example_n quartarians_n what_o and_o whence_o so_o call_v volunteer_n what_o in_o poland_n example_n select_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n cause_n that_o weaken_v the_o polish_v force_n four_o thing_n require_v to_o defend_v a_o state_n manner_n of_o pay_v the_o army_n the_o rokosz_n and_o its_o manner_n of_o proceed_v example_n other_o inconvenience_n which_o suppress_v the_o pole_n power_n mean_v propose_v to_o avoid_v these_o inconvenience_n but_o ever-ruâ—ed_a â—reat_a force_n of_o cavalry_n notwithstanding_o with_o example_n two_o quality_n necessary_a in_o war._n soldier_n pay_v from_o what_o it_o arise_v and_o how_o raise_v provision_n and_o ammunition_n what_o gun-founder_n foreign_a for_o fortification_n pretend_a advantage_n thereby_o general_n their_o power_n and_o duration_n lieutenant_z generals_z their_o power_n other_o general_n officer_n other_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n some_o few_o particular_n of_o the_o pole_n jus_fw-la belli_n pole_n not_o much_o incline_v to_o trade_n and_o why_o commidity_n export_v and_o import_v but_o little_a money_n and_o why_o coin_n most_o current_a in_o poland_n contribute_v to_o poverty_n other_o coin_n pole_n not_o very_o rich_a and_o why_o particular_n of_o trade_n concern_v salt_n no_o full_a or_o papermill_n concern_v leather_n and_o fish_n manner_n of_o fish_v honey_n and_o its_o produce_v former_a trade_n of_o prussia_n â—antzic_a here_o siâ—ate_a by_o who_o build_v and_o whence_o so_o call_v how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n it_o be_v division_n and_o strength_n one_o of_o the_o hanse_fw-mi town_n parish_n building_n street_n and_o garden_n inhabitant_n their_o number_n and_o religion_n church_n town-house_n three_o magazine_n a_o college_n exchange_n etc._n etc._n jurisdiction_n and_o government_n senator_n and_o their_o division_n the_o twelve_o scabin_n and_o syndic_n burgrave_n to_o represent_v the_o king_n centumviri_n their_o power_n manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v priest_n four_o roman_a catholic_n church_n king_n power_n and_o revenue_n here_o city-power_n and_o privilege_n force_v by_o land_n and_o sea_n first_o coin_n in_o prussia_n present_a coin_n in_o dantzic_n how_o often_o take_v and_o regain_v admit_v to_o vote_n in_o election_n of_o polish_v king_n origin_n of_o teutonic_n order_n who_o build_v their_o hospital_n of_o jerusalem_n their_o order_n confirm_v and_o by_o what_o title_n another_o hospital_n with_o their_o removal_n into_o germany_n and_o prussia_n marienburg_n build_v for_o sake_n prussia_n and_o wherefore_o their_o statute_n habit_n number_n and_o manner_n be_v much_o favour_v by_o several_a prince_n great_a master_n in_o prussia_n i_o great_a master_n 1190._o two_o great_a master_n 1200._o iii_o great_a master_n 1206._o iv_o great_a master_n 1210._o v_o great_a master_n 1240._o vi_o great_a master_n 1252._o vii_o great_a master_n 1263._o viii_o great_a master_n 1275._o ix_o great_a master_n 1283._o x_o great_a master_n 1290._o xi_o great_a master_n 1297._o xii_o great_a master_n 1307._o xiii_o great_a master_n 1309._o fourteen_o great_a master_n 1322._o xv_o great_a master_n 1325._o xvi_o great_a master_n 1329._o xvii_o great_a master_n 1339._o xviii_o great_a master_n 1342._o xix_o great_a master_n 1348._o xx_o great_a master_n 1379._o xxi_o 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elect_v likewise_o coadjutor_n present_a state_n of_o teutonic_n order_n in_o germany_n two_o university_n chief_z study_v there_o learn_v former_o oriental_a language_n disregard_v present_a language_n in_o poland_n polish_v hard_a to_o pronounce_v reason_n why_o the_o pole_n affect_v latin_n have_v no_o solid_a learning_n how_o far_o that_o of_o divine_n extend_v their_o divinity_n lawyer_n their_o number_n and_o study_v who_o seldom_o go_v to_o law_n a_o suppose_a judgement_n on_o a_o lawyer_n physician_n and_o their_o ability_n not_o allow_v to_o study_v till_o qualify_v discourge_v learning_n natural_a observable_n and_o rarity_n of_o wood_n and_o earth_n strange_a water_n and_o their_o effect_n monstrous_a fish_n fowl_n of_o odd_a quality_n beast_n of_o strange_a kind_n rarity_n communicate_v to_o dr._n connor_n argentum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la make_v by_o chance_n other_o experiment_n dr._n bernitz'_v chsâ—t_v of_o rarity_n manner_n of_o make_v glass_n odd_a method_n of_o cure_v wound_n practise_v of_o physic_n what_o medicine_n use_v disease_n what_o venereal_a how_o cure_a by_o a_o quack_n surprise_v particular_n disease_n peculiar_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o first_o the_o plica_fw-la it_o be_v description_n unaccountableness_n symptom_n neither_o bleed_v nor_o be_v painful_a say_a to_o be_v contagious_a and_o hereditary_a common_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n superstition_n concern_v it_o and_o other_o case_n where_o most_o common_a it_o be_v cure_n by_o a_o jew_n cause_n assert_v but_o question_v another_o account_n of_o the_o plica_fw-la hair_n canular_a the_o rose_n and_o its_o cure_n present_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o curland_n it_o be_v soil_n and_o former_a state_n when_o whole_o conquer_a convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o degree_n i_o bishop_n in_o livonia_n 1180._o two_o bp_o &_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o iii_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o i_o absolute_a master_n of_o livonian_a order_n 1205._o two_o absolute_a master_n 1223._o iii_o master_n 1238._o iv_o master_n 1240._o five_o master_n 1248._o vi_o master_n 1250._o vii_o master_n viii_o master_n ix_o master_n x_o master_n xi_o master_n xii_o master_n xiii_o master_n fourteen_o master_n xv_o mast_n r_o xvi_o master_n xvii_o master_n xviii_o master_n xix_o master_n 1488._o iii_o absclute_a master_n 1513._o iv._o abso-master_n v._o absolute_a master_n vi_o absolute_a master_n 1560._o residence_n of_o this_o order_n i._o duke_n of_o curland_n 1561._o ii_o duke_n 1587._o iii_o duke_n 1602._o iv._o duke_n 1639._o discover_v tobago_n and_o enjoy_v it_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o proposes_n mean_v to_o recover_v it_o agreement_n between_o the_o k._n of_o england_n and_o d._n of_o curland_n grant_v of_o trade_n in_o africa_n upon_o what_o condition_n grant_v of_o the_o island_n tabago_n under_o what_o consideration_n duke_n oblige_v to_o aid_v the_o king_n in_o war._n a_o letter_n send_v hereupon_o but_o with_o little_a effect_n french_z beg_v the_o island_n of_o their_o king_n a_o second_o letter_n from_o k._n charles_n a_o letter_n intercept_v the_o duke_n send_v governor_n make_v a_o contract_n with_o a_o captain_n description_n of_o tobago_n why_o necessary_a to_o be_v english_a hand_n tobacco_n whence_o so_o call_v duke_n james_n marriage_n and_o issue_n vi_o duke_n his_o marriage_n and_o issue_n 1683._o vii_o duke_n 1698._o d._n of_o curland_n vassal_n to_o poland_n his_o privilege_n and_o power_n revenue_n and_o court_n chief_z officer_n qualification_n of_o supreme_a stagostas_n condition_n of_o gentry_n addition_n concern_v livonian_n order_n principal_a master_n how_o and_o where_o choose_v marshal_n of_o the_o order_n number_n of_o comendador_n number_n of_o advocates_n title_n habit_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o order_n geographical_a description_n of_o curland_n city_n and_o town_n of_o goldingen_n vinda_n residence_n of_o knight_n pilten_n rich_a gentry_n in_o curland_n mittaw_n it_o be_v castle_n street_n and_o house_n how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n how_o often_o conquer_a bauske_n religion_n in_o curland_n two_o roman_a catholic_n church_n calvinâ—â—_n church_n at_o mittaw_n government_n of_o curland_n the_o parliament_n court_n of_o supreme_a councillor_n degree_n of_o demand_v justice_n ecclesiastical_a court_n city_n court_n ministerial_a officer_n trade_n of_o curland_n corn_n in_o great_a request_n and_o wherefore_o where_o curland_n be_v to_o rever_n to_o poland_n