the_o complete_a captain_z or_o a_o abbridgement_n of_o caesar_n war_n with_o observation_n upon_o they_o together_o with_o a_o collection_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o a_o particular_a treatise_n of_o modern_a war_n write_a by_o the_o late_a great_a general_n the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n english_v by_o j._n c._n cambridge_z print_v by_o roger_n daniel_n printer_n to_o the_o university_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o angel_n in_o popes-head-alley_n in_o london_n 1640._o april_n 24._o 1640._o imprimatur_fw-la per_fw-la typographum_fw-la academiae_fw-la cantabrigiensis_n jo._n cousin_n procan_n to_o his_o worthy_a friend_n captain_n cruso_n upon_o his_o excellent_a translation_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n le_z parfaict_n capitaine_n caesar_n who_o brain_n contrive_v at_o once_o the_o fate_n of_o his_o great_a self_n and_o of_o the_o roman_a state_n with_o mighty_a action_n cause_v where-ere_a he_o stand_v the_o tremble_a place_n to_o sweat_v forth_o humane_a blood_n who_o tame_v rebellion_n so_o as_o in_o that_o sin_n his_o own_o contrivance_n have_v the_o traitor_n be_v how_o nimble-eared_a and_o with_o what_o pierce_a sight_n he_o can_v discern_v advantage_n and_o then_o fight_v cold_a wave_n wind_n hunger_n watch_v labour_n war_n be_v accident_n through_o which_o he_o oft_o do_v dare_v how_o patient_a for_o his_o end_n how_o quick_o he_o unthink_a of_n can_v defeat_v his_o enemy_n who_o expedition_n as_o a_o engine_n hurl_v he_o from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_a of_o the_o world_n who_o way_n of_o victory_n beget_v the_o fame_n that_o he_o but_o go_v and_o see_v and_o overcome_v dark_a stratagem_n quick_a action_n and_o the_o all_o of_o he_o build_v up_o a_o mighty_a general_n and_o to_o make_v wonder_n gaze_v more_o he_o can_v be_v the_o historiographer_n and_o the_o history_n as_o if_o his_o mighty_a act_n to_o vanquish_v man_n have_v be_v on_o purpose_n do_v to_o try_v his_o pen._n oblivion_n so_o throw_v dust_n upon_o what_o he_o most_o fair_o write_v unto_o posterity_n and_o thou_o brave_a man_n at_o arm_n great_a rouen_n have_v take_v his_o lively_a portrait_n out_o of_o mars_n his_o fane_n and_o arm_v thyself_o by_o he_o yea_o show_v to_o all_o thou_o know_v to_o write_v and_o be_v a_o general_n see_v with_o what_o be_v the_o chemist_n deal_v and_o how_o spirit_n from_o body_n he_o extract_v so_o thou_o how_o smart_n he_o give_v his_o stratagem_n and_o where_o their_o hide_a virtue_n lie_v he_o make_v appear_v mark_v with_o how_o curious_a hand_n he_o those_o do_v try_v and_o fit_v unto_o our_o time_n and_o so_o apply_v the_o grecian_a tactic_n cesar_n bring_v to_o rome_n and_o this_o brave_a duke_n to_o we_o as_o from_o their_o tomb_n what_o weapon_n and_o what_o form_n may_v fit_v again_o he_o well_o revive_v which_o seem_v before_o but_o vain_a if_o ever_o pythagoras_n be_v right_a to_o hold_v a_o transmigration_n he_o do_v it_o unfold_v but_o view_v his_o own_o direction_n quick_a and_o wise_a he_o make_v town_n strong_a but_o strange_o do_v surprise_v he_o rouze_v lazy_a mind_n and_o seem_v to_o write_v man_n into_o field_n and_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o fight_v mirror_n of_o manhood_n that_o be_v here_o though_o go_v then_o virtue_n self_n a_o better_a tomb_n there_o be_v none_o and_o thou_o my_o friend_n that_o free_o do_v discover_v so_o rich_a a_o jewel_n and_o have_v bring_v it_o over_o merit_v not_o mean_a applause_n i_o think_v i_o see_v each_o noble_a mind_n admire_v thy_o industry_n and_o cherish_v thy_o rare_a worth_n since_o few_o there_o be_v that_o for_o the_o public_a undergo_v such_o care_n mount_v still_o in_o thy_o endeavour_n and_o shine_v bright_a his_o glory_n be_v great_a that_o lend_v to_o other_o light_n to_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n john_n hobart_n knight_n and_o baronnet_n sir_n thomas_n woodhous_n knight_n &_o baronnet_n sir_n john_n holland_n baronnet_n sir_n hamon_n le_fw-fr strange_n knight_n sir_n edward_n waldgrave_n knight_n sir_n charles_n le_fw-fr gros_n knight_n sir_n robert_n kemp_n knight_n deputy_n lieutenant_n of_o norfolk_n and_o norwich_n and_o clement_n corbet_n doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n chancellor_n and_o deputy_n lieutenant_n of_o norwich_n right_o worshipful_a a_o great_a book_n be_v a_o great_a mischief_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o greek_a adagy_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o seneca_n magni_fw-la artificis_fw-la est_fw-la clausisse_fw-la multum_fw-la in_o exiguo_fw-la such_o a_o artist_n the_o late_a great_a general_n the_o duke_n of_o rohan_n have_v here_o prove_v himself_o in_o his_o excellent_a abbridgement_n of_o caesar_n war_n with_o his_o own_o observation_n upon_o they_o and_o his_o militia_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n his_o work_n be_v like_a fruit_n which_o be_v dry_v in_o the_o sun_n contract_v to_o a_o small_a bulk_n but_o full_a of_o substance_n and_o virtue_n the_o transcendency_n thereof_o move_v i_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o our_o nation_n in_o these_o time_n of_o action_n may_v it_o please_v you_o to_o afford_v it_o your_o patronage_n and_o to_o accept_v it_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o all_o due_a respect_n from_o your_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n c._n the_o complete_a captain_n or_o a_o abbridgement_n of_o caesar_n war_n the_o i._o book_n cesar_n have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o gaul_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n the_o first_o war_n that_o he_o make_v there_o be_v against_o the_o swiss_n helvetii_n helvetii_n cause_v by_o the_o ambition_n of_o orgetorix_n who_o be_v a_o rich_a noble_a and_o powerful_a man_n in_o that_o nation_n he_o persuade_v this_o people_n which_o be_v hardy_a by_o nature_n and_o exercise_v in_o arm_n by_o the_o war_n which_o they_o have_v with_o their_o neighbour_n to_o enlarge_v themselves_o into_o gallia_n a_o country_n more_o spacious_a and_o better_a than_o their_o own_o for_o this_o effect_n resolution_n be_v take_v they_o take_v three_o year_n space_n to_o make_v their_o preparation_n in_o which_o time_n they_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o wagon_n and_o horse_n of_o burden_n taking_z order_z that_o all_o their_o country_n be_v employ_v to_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n to_o make_v their_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o name_n orgetorix_n to_o be_v their_o general_n and_o conductour_n who_o for_o his_o part_n employ_v that_o time_n in_o fortify_v himself_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o neighbour_n sequanus_n sequanus_n persuade_v casticus_n a_o burgundian_n to_o make_v himself_o lord_n of_o his_o country_n as_o his_o father_n have_v be_v aeduus_fw-la aeduus_fw-la draw_v in_o dumnorix_n of_o autun_n brother_n to_o divitiacus_n to_o the_o same_o design_n the_o most_o powerful_a man_n of_o his_o city_n and_o give_v he_o his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n but_o the_o swiss_n be_v ever_o jealous_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o perceive_v that_o orgetorix_n aspire_v to_o bring_v they_o under_o subjection_n seize_v on_o his_o person_n and_o during_o the_o contestation_n about_o his_o trial_n have_v a_o great_a train_n of_o kinsfolk_n and_o partaker_n he_o die_v in_o prison_n this_o abate_v not_o the_o design_n of_o this_o people_n which_o on_o their_o appoint_a day_n have_v take_v as_o much_o victual_n as_o will_v serve_v they_o for_o three_o month_n burn_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o corn_n and_o all_o their_o city_n to_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o and_o 4._o hundred_o village_n and_o have_v persuade_v those_o of_o basil_n latobrici_fw-la rauraci_n tulingi_n latobrici_fw-la distalingen_n and_o clacky_a their_o neighbour_n to_o do_v the_o like_a they_o depart_v and_o march_v towards_o geneva_n there_o to_o pass_v the_o rhosne_fw-fr cesar_n have_v intelligence_n thereof_o go_v speedy_o to_o geneva_n assemble_v what_o force_v he_o can_v cause_v a_o bridge_n to_o be_v break_v down_o which_o lie_v upon_o the_o rhosne_fw-fr rhodanus_n rhodanus_n and_o make_v a_o ditch_n and_o rampire_n of_o eighteen_o mile_n long_o from_o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n to_o the_o hill_n jura_n to_o hinder_v their_o passage_n over_o the_o rhosne_fw-fr which_o the_o swiss_n understanding_n send_v deputy_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v passage_n he_o hold_v they_o in_o suspense_n and_o promise_v they_o answer_v at_o another_o time_n mean_v while_o he_o prepare_v to_o hinder_v they_o and_o they_o after_o refusal_n and_o have_v attempt_v the_o passage_n in_o vain_a take_v their_o way_n through_o burgundy_n which_o dumnorix_n procure_v for_o they_o which_o cesar_n observe_v leave_v labienus_n at_o geneva_n go_v and_o levi_v new_a legion_n follow_v they_o and_o light_v upon_o they_o at_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o saosne_fw-fr defeat_v the_o four_o part_n of_o their_o troop_n arrar_n arrar_n which_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o pass_v over_o after_o that_o he_o make_v a_o bridge_n over_o the_o river_n and_o pursue_v they_o but_o his_o victual_n beginning_n to_o fall_v short_a and_o perceive_v that_o dumnorix_n hinder_v
counsellor_n in_o war_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalia_n pompey_n be_v twice_o as_o strong_a as_o cesar_n especial_o in_o cavalry_n whereupon_o he_o principal_o ground_v his_o victory_n but_o he_o have_v not_o a_o army_n so_o well_o discipline_v nor_o so_o exercise_v to_o fight_v as_o cesar_n have_v insomuch_o that_o fear_v that_o if_o his_o give_v the_o charge_n they_o will_v do_v it_o disorderly_a he_o command_v they_o to_o attend_v the_o give_v on_o of_o the_o enemy_n with_o charge_n not_o to_o â—â—rre_v from_o their_o place_n cesar_n dislike_a that_o course_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o give_v on_o upon_o the_o adverse_a army_n allege_v that_o this_o excit_v the_o courage_n of_o soldier_n to_o play_v the_o man_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v increase_v then_o abate_v not_o disapprove_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o begin_v the_o fight_n with_o a_o general_a shout_n and_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o in_o all_o action_n of_o war_n he_o which_o give_v the_o charge_n redouble_v his_o courage_n and_o he_o which_o be_v charge_v diminish_v he_o touch_v pompey_n order_n of_o battle_n have_v a_o river_n on_o his_o right_a hand_n he_o place_v all_o his_o horse_n on_o the_o left_a promise_v to_o himself_o that_o after_o he_o have_v repulse_v caesar_n cavalry_n he_o shall_v enclose_v his_o army_n cesar_n judge_v his_o cavalry_n not_o of_o sufficient_a strength_n to_o resist_v that_o of_o pompey_n strengthen_v it_o by_o foot_n which_o be_v fit_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o mingle_v among_o they_o beside_o that_o he_o take_v from_o every_o battalion_n one_o troup_n whereof_o he_o compose_v a_o battalion_n to_o be_v as_o a_o reserve_n which_o he_o place_v without_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o infantry_n and_o command_v they_o not_o to_o stir_v to_o the_o conflict_n until_o he_o appoint_v so_o that_o when_o pompey_n horse_n have_v repulse_v caesar_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o put_v themselves_o into_o disorder_n they_o meet_v with_o this_o battalion_n which_o put_v they_o to_o a_o sudden_a stop_n and_o afterward_o to_o show_v their_o back_n and_o whole_o to_o abandon_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o pompey_n army_n by_o which_o mean_v cesar_n follow_v his_o advantage_n easy_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o rout_n whereupon_o we_o ought_v to_o observe_v two_o thing_n the_o one_o that_o we_o ought_v never_o to_o hazard_v all_o our_o troop_n upon_o one_o only_a charge_n but_o make_v a_o reserve_n of_o the_o one_o to_o relieve_v the_o other_o and_o the_o other_o that_o we_o ought_v so_o well_o to_o observe_v the_o distance_n or_o intervall_n as_o well_o to_o the_o flank_n as_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o first_o troop_n happen_v to_o be_v reverse_v they_o reverse_v not_o those_o which_o shall_v relieve_v they_o but_o to_o leave_v they_o a_o convenient_a space_n to_o fall_v back_o and_o to_o rally_v themselves_o again_o in_o the_o rear_n if_o cesar_n know_v how_o to_o conquer_v he_o know_v better_o how_o to_o prosecute_v and_o make_v his_o benefit_n thereof_o but_o in_o none_o like_o to_o this_o of_o pharsalia_n where_o he_o content_v not_o himself_o to_o force_v the_o camp_n to_o besiege_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n on_o a_o hill_n whither_o they_o retire_v nor_o to_o pursue_v pompey_n person_n certain_a day_n journey_n but_o with_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o man_n only_o follow_v he_o so_o close_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o he_o find_v he_o dead_a in_o egypt_n where_o he_o arrive_v almost_o assoon_o as_o the_o other_o never_o give_v he_o leisure_n to_o recollect_v himself_o or_o reinforce_v his_o troop_n which_o serve_v to_o teach_v we_o to_o make_v use_n of_o occasion_n when_o it_o offer_v itself_o favourable_a unto_o we_o &_o not_o to_o defer_v that_o to_o another_o time_n which_o may_v be_v present_o execute_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n be_v subject_a to_o great_a revolution_n and_o the_o affair_n which_o cesar_n yet_o have_v after_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n give_v we_o occasion_n enough_o to_o judge_v that_o if_o in_o imitation_n of_o many_o great_a personage_n he_o have_v gather_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o victory_n before_o they_o have_v be_v ripe_a or_o taste_v of_o repose_n before_o he_o have_v be_v secure_v he_o may_v full_o well_o have_v repent_v thereof_o of_o the_o alexandrine_n war_n write_v by_o aulus_n hircius_n or_o opius_n the_o four_o book_n assoon_o as_o cesar_n be_v arrive_v in_o alexandria_n with_o three_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o foot_n eight_o hundred_o horse_n ten_o rhodian_a galley_n and_o some_o ship_n of_o asia_n he_o understand_v of_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n and_o upon_o the_o bad_a quarter_n he_o perceive_v be_v between_o the_o soldier_n of_o pompey_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o city_n he_o send_v for_o new_a legion_n into_o asia_n mean_a time_n he_o require_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o late_a king_n ptolemee_n who_o have_v make_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n his_o executour_n and_o to_o this_o end_n ordain_v that_o ptolemee_n the_o elder_a son_n &_o cleopatra_n the_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v discharge_v their_o army_n &_o come_v to_o he_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o right_n but_o ptolemee_n counsel_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o this_o way_n of_o accommodation_n and_o underhand_o send_v for_o his_o troop_n which_o be_v at_o pelusium_n under_o the_o command_n of_o achillas_n whereof_o cesar_n be_v advertise_v and_o that_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v intelligence_n with_o the_o say_v achillas_n he_o detein_v he_o and_o prepare_v for_o defence_n he_o give_v they_o the_o repulse_n at_o their_o first_o approach_n than_o canton_n himself_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o other_o part_n arsinoe_n the_o king_n second_o sister_n cause_v achillas_n to_o be_v slay_v put_v ganymedes_n into_o his_o place_n and_o possess_v herself_o of_o the_o authority_n who_o continue_v the_o former_a design_n put_v cesar_n to_o great_a extremity_n infect_v his_o fresh_a water_n which_o he_o ready_o remedy_v by_o dig_v great_a store_n of_o pit_n he_o also_o send_v for_o soldier_n ship_n and_o arm_n from_o all_o part_n and_o upon_o the_o news_n which_o he_o receive_v that_o the_o thirty_o seven_o legion_n with_o great_a provision_n of_o victual_n and_o arm_n be_v arrive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n but_o can_v not_o get_v to_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o contrary_a wind_n he_o put_v himself_o alone_o into_o a_o ship_n take_v all_o his_o ship_n with_o his_o mariner_n only_o and_o put_v to_o sea_n in_o the_o very_a face_n of_o they_o the_o enemy_n know_v he_o to_o be_v without_o soldier_n assail_v he_o he_o beat_v they_o and_o without_o other_o relief_n get_v to_o his_o legion_n then_o return_v to_o alexandria_n this_o first_o conflict_n affright_v the_o alexandrian_n nevertheless_o they_o make_v their_o naval_a army_n strong_a than_o ever_o which_o cesar_n defeat_v the_o second_o time_n where_o euphranor_n captain_n of_o the_o rhodian_a galley_n behave_v himself_o very_o brave_o there_o be_v a_o isle_n before_o the_o haven_n of_o alexandria_n build_v and_o inhabit_v which_o shelter_v the_o town_n and_o be_v join_v to_o the_o city_n by_o the_o peer_n which_o be_v 900_o pace_n long_o and_o 60_o broad_a upon_o which_o there_o be_v two_o fort_n cesar_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o take_v this_o isle_n that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o sea_n at_o liberty_n he_o take_v it_o then_o take_v one_o of_o the_o fort_n of_o the_o peer_n but_o at_o the_o other_o he_o have_v a_o hot_a skirmish_n and_o be_v repulse_v with_o so_o great_a disorder_n as_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o cast_v themselves_o aboard_o he_o save_v himself_o by_o swim_v rather_o then_o to_o perish_v the_o alexandrian_n astonish_v by_o these_o brunt_n betake_v they_o to_o their_o subtlety_n demand_v of_o cesar_n their_o king_n who_o deliver_v he_o to_o they_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o facilitate_v agreement_n while_o these_o thing_n be_v in_o agitation_n mithridates_n a_o pergamenian_a a_o man_n of_o high_a descent_n a_o great_a soldier_n of_o great_a valour_n and_o most_o faithful_a to_o cesar_n arrive_v to_o his_o relief_n with_o goodly_a force_n take_v pelusium_n in_o his_o way_n &_o come_v to_o pass_v the_o nile_n at_o a_o place_n call_v delta_n whereof_o ptolemee_n be_v advertise_v go_v in_o person_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o cesar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n go_v to_o relieve_v mithridates_n who_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o either_o of_o they_o have_v already_o encounter_v with_o and_o beat_a ptolemee_n force_n and_o cesar_n also_o before_o he_o can_v come_v to_o mithridates_n have_v defeat_v other_o after_o which_o he_o go_v and_o assault_v a_o small_a fort_n which_o be_v between_o his_o camp_n and_o that_o of_o ptolemee_n
together_o which_o make_v 32_o soldier_n &_o those_o two_o file_n so_o join_v they_o call_v dilochia_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o these_o two_o file_n they_o call_v dilochites_n then_o they_o double_v the_o number_n of_o those_o two_o file_n which_o make_v four_o file_n and_o 64_o soldier_n and_o this_o troup_n they_o call_v tetrarchia_fw-la which_o have_v a_o commander_n call_v tetrarcha_fw-la after_o that_o they_o double_v the_o number_n of_o these_o which_o make_v eight_o file_n and_o 128_o soldier_n and_o this_o body_n be_v call_v taxiarchia_n and_o their_o commander_n taxiarcha_n then_o they_o double_v those_o eight_o file_n so_o make_v they_o 16_o and_o this_o body_n be_v call_v syntagma_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o this_o body_n be_v call_v syntagmatarcha_n to_o this_o body_n they_o appoint_v five_o general_a officer_n a_o ensign_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o trumpeter_z for_o they_o have_v no_o drum_n a_o crier_n and_o a_o sergeant_n the_o ensign_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n as_o all_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o figure_n follow_v the_o second_o figure_n syntagmatarcha_fw-la taxiarcha_n tetrarcha_fw-la dilochites_n the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o sixteen_o body_n like_v to_o the_o forego_n figure_n this_o body_n of_o 16_o file_n they_o double_v which_o make_v 32_o file_n and_o call_v it_o pentacosiarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o it_o pentacosiarcha_n then_o these_o 32_o file_n they_o double_v which_o make_v 64_o and_o this_o body_n they_o call_v chiliarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n chiliarcha_n these_o 64_o file_n be_v double_v make_v 128_o file_n and_o be_v call_v merarchia_fw-la and_o their_o commander_n merarcha_n and_o 128_o file_n be_v double_v make_v 256_o call_v phalangia_fw-la and_o the_o commander_n phalangiarchos_n so_o that_o the_o phalanx_n be_v compose_v of_o 4096_o soldier_n and_o of_o one_o phalangiarchos_n which_o command_v in_o chief_a two_o merarchas_n four_o chiliarchas_fw-la eight_o pentacosiarchas_n 16_o syntagmatarchas_n 32_o taxiarchas_n 64_o tetrarchas_fw-la and_o 128_o dilochites_n as_o the_o next_o figure_n show_v the_o three_o figure_n now_o according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n they_o augment_v this_o army_n by_o double_v the_o phalanx_n which_o be_v call_v diphalangarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n diphalangarcha_n or_o by_o double_v the_o diphalangarchia_n and_o this_o they_o call_v tetraphalangarchia_n and_o the_o commander_n tetraphalangarchos_n who_o then_o be_v the_o high_a commander_n and_o this_o they_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o complete_a army_n which_o afterward_o have_v be_v call_v a_o phalanx_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v always_o divide_v into_o four_o body_n as_o four_o phalanges_fw-la and_o be_v compose_v of_o 16384_o soldier_n the_o four_o figure_n this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o grecian_a phalanx_n for_o the_o heavy-armed_n call_v hoplitae_n namely_o of_o pike_n and_o target_n which_o take_v up_o allow_v six_o foot_n for_o each_o soldier_n and_o without_o account_v the_o three_o intervall_n six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o forty_o four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o ninety_o six_o foot_n in_o depth_n to_o this_o army_n they_o join_v half_a that_o number_n of_o light-armed_n soldier_n call_v psyllagi_n which_o fight_v from_o afar_o off_o with_o fly_v and_o casting-weapon_n and_o be_v order_v into_o battalion_n behind_o the_o phalanx_n in_o equal_a front_n but_o that_o their_o file_n be_v but_o eight_o depth_n in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o with_o the_o same_o officer_n and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o begin_v the_o battle_n they_o pass_v through_o the_o intervall_n and_o assail_v the_o enemy_n when_o the_o army_n be_v draw_v so_o near_o each_o other_o as_o to_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n they_o retreat_v by_o the_o same_o intervall_n into_o their_o place_n behind_o the_o heavy-armed_n and_o over_o their_o head_n pour_v a_o shower_n of_o stone_n dart_n and_o arrow_n upon_o their_o enemy_n and_o fortify_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n be_v now_o of_o 24_o man_n in_o depth_n the_o five_o figure_n concern_v the_o cavalry_n they_o always_o place_v they_o on_o the_o wing_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o cavalry_n or_o the_o infantry_n they_o change_v the_o form_n of_o their_o order_n according_a to_o the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n or_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n force_n with_o who_o they_o have_v to_o do_v or_o to_o the_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v range_v into_o battalion_n enlarge_a the_o front_n by_o lessen_v the_o depth_n &_o double_v their_o front_n by_o the_o half_a file_n as_o cyrus_n do_v in_o the_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v aghasted_n croesus_n for_o fear_v to_o be_v overwinge_v he_o make_v his_o file_n which_o be_v 24_o depth_n but_o 12_o and_o so_o augment_v the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n by_o the_o one_o half_a beside_o they_o make_v use_v of_o several_a order_n of_o battalion_n according_a to_o occasion_n as_o the_o orb_n and_o the_o light-armed_n in_o the_o middle_n to_o sustain_v a_o strong_a charge_n on_o all_o part_n or_o the_o wedge_n the_o better_a to_o enter_v into_o a_o battalion_n or_o a_o halfmoon_n to_o enclose_v or_o overw_v and_o other_o which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n in_o these_o time_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o confound_v themselves_o in_o such_o order_n when_o occasion_n serve_v they_o have_v public_a school_n where_o all_o the_o young_a sort_n of_o man_n go_v to_o exercise_v themselves_o which_o they_o call_v gymnasia_fw-la and_o have_v master_n to_o teach_v the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o motion_n call_v tactici_fw-la now_o to_o perform_v all_o the_o motion_n they_o allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n six_o foot_n of_o ground_n square_n and_o for_o fight_v three_o foot_n and_o to_o sustain_v a_o violent_a charge_n they_o serry_v they_o so_o as_o they_o take_v up_o but_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o small_a commonwealth_n of_o the_o grecian_n maintain_v their_o liberty_n so_o long_o &_o have_v perform_v so_o brave_a action_n have_v repulse_v so_o great_a army_n with_o so_o small_a force_n and_o have_v even_o plant_v their_o trophy_n in_o asia_n and_o elsewhere_o until_o their_o division_n overthrow_v they_o which_o philip_n dextrous_o lay_v hold_v on_o bring_v they_o to_o subjection_n and_o after_o that_o alexander_n his_o son_n with_o they_o and_o their_o militia_n conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o constitution_n of_o those_o commonwealth_n be_v more_o proper_a for_o a_o happy_a maintain_n of_o their_o liberty_n then_o to_o increase_v themselves_o for_o howsoever_o they_o all_o addict_v themselves_o to_o arm_n so_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o they_o yet_o their_o poverty_n and_o the_o small_a number_n of_o soldier_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n apart_o by_o itself_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v any_o great_a progress_n so_o do_v their_o division_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n that_o so_o many_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n shall_v agree_v together_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o common_a necessity_n to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o they_o do_v divers_a time_n against_o the_o persian_n but_o not_o for_o a_o conquest_n where_o man_n can_v agree_v neither_o about_o place_n of_o command_n nor_o about_o share_v of_o what_o be_v get_v concern_v their_o retrench_v camp_n which_o they_o call_v aplectos_n they_o choose_v rather_o strong_a cite_v then_o that_o they_o fortify_v they_o by_o industry_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o certain_a form_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v but_o according_a to_o the_o advantage_n of_o place_n they_o fortify_v one_o part_n more_o than_o another_o and_o hereof_o there_o be_v nothing_o certain_a to_o be_v find_v in_o write_v among_o ancient_a author_n the_o military_a discipline_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o election_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o arm_n romulus_n have_v build_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n divide_v it_o into_o century_n and_o military_a order_n every_o body_n contain_v four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n now_o because_o the_o most_o valiant_a be_v choose_v it_o be_v call_v legio_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o select_a company_n the_o city_n be_v more_o populous_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o sabine_n the_o legion_n be_v double_v which_o then_o become_v to_o be_v of_o six_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n yet_o after_o that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o a_o great_a number_n tullus_n hostilius_n three_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n establish_v military_a exercise_n and_o distinguish_v all_o the_o people_n into_o five_o class_n or_o order_n they_o of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la as_o be_v the_o rich_a be_v bind_v to_o mount_v and_o arm_v themselves_o to_o serve_v on_o horseback_n the_o three_o follow_a class_n be_v employ_v on_o foot_n and_o according_a to_o their_o mean_n be_v hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la or_o triarii_n and_o be_v
the_o hastati_fw-la must_v then_o fight_v at_o so_o wide_a a_o distance_n that_o between_o two_o file_n they_o may_v receive_v two_o other_o file_n which_o show_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o first_o order_n which_o be_v so_o range_v in_o battalion_n can_v not_o be_v able_a to_o repulse_n nor_o sustain_v the_o adverse_a battallion_n and_o even_o the_o file_n be_v at_o so_o wide_a a_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v themselves_o right_a in_o fight_n nor_o to_o observe_v their_o distance_n but_o in_o the_o other_o way_n there_o be_v many_o convenience_n to_o be_v find_v first_o many_o body_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n apiece_o or_o thereabouts_o assault_v a_o battallion_n they_o may_v very_o well_o defeat_v it_o at_o the_o worst_a they_o may_v retreat_v without_o disorder_v themselves_o or_o lose_v their_o distance_n and_o the_o second_o order_n which_o be_v embattel_v behind_o the_o first_o just_a over_o against_o their_o intervall_n may_v easy_o fill_v they_o as_o also_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n the_o three_o body_n may_v supply_v those_o distance_n which_o be_v reserve_v for_o they_o renew_v the_o fight_n three_o time_n and_o that_o which_o confirm_v we_o the_o more_o in_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o in_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o next_o the_o description_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o zama_n which_o scipio_n fight_v against_o hannibal_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o scipio_n to_o hinder_v hannibal_n elephant_n from_o rout_v his_o soldier_n cause_v the_o cohort_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la which_o be_v place_v just_a over_o against_o the_o intervall_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la to_o stand_v just_a behind_o they_o so_o to_o leave_v street_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o elephant_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o the_o order_n of_o battalion_n be_v dispose_v by_o cohort_n and_o not_o by_o file_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o velite_n in_o this_o order_n of_o battalion_n nor_o of_o all_o other_o light-armed_n soldier_n because_o they_o fight_v not_o but_o with_o casting-weapon_n and_o afar_o off_o and_o when_o the_o army_n approach_v to_o give_v the_o shock_n they_o retire_v themselves_o behind_o the_o heavie-armed_n now_o to_o form_v the_o say_a order_n i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o file_n be_v always_o of_o ten_o man_n in_o depth_n that_o a_o cohort_n or_o maniple_n of_o a_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o man_n consist_v always_o of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o soldier_n and_o consequent_o the_o cohort_n make_v ten_o rank_n and_o twelve_o file_n contain_v at_o six_o foot_n square_a of_o ground_n for_o every_o soldier_n seventy_o two_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o sixty_o in_o depth_n and_o the_o moiety_n of_o it_o when_o they_o be_v at_o three_o foot_n distance_n the_o first_o figure_n of_o a_o cohort_n mistake_n this_o figure_n in_o the_o author_n copy_n have_v 13_o file_n &_o 11_o rank_n which_o i_o conceioee_o to_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o each_o of_o the_o three_o order_n howsoever_o the_o legion_n be_v weak_a or_o strong_a there_o be_v always_o ten_o cohort_n or_o maniple_n but_o the_o cohort_n be_v either_o increase_v or_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o legion_n the_o second_o figure_n of_o ten_o cohort_n the_o two_o first_o order_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a number_n and_o the_o last_o of_o half_a as_o many_o and_o by_o this_o example_n of_o one_o legion_n you_o may_v see_v how_o all_o the_o troop_n pass_v into_o each_o other_o the_o three_o figure_n of_o a_o legion_n i_o conceive_v that_o between_o the_o legion_n there_o be_v a_o far_o great_a distance_n then_o between_o the_o cohort_n that_o so_o they_o may_v prevent_v confusion_n among_o they_o which_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v so_o necessary_a as_o that_o without_o the_o observation_n thereof_o it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a to_o observe_v any_o good_a order_n concern_v the_o cavalry_n see_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o like_a number_n of_o troop_n as_o the_o infantry_n it_o be_v like_a they_o fight_v in_o the_o same_o order_n but_o the_o one_o half_a be_v on_o the_o right_a flank_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a thus_o the_o army_n be_v compose_v of_o six_o great_a body_n namely_o four_o body_n of_o infantry_n and_o two_o body_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o every_o body_n divide_v into_o small_a troop_n as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o the_o order_n of_o battalion_n of_o a_o complete_a army_n the_o four_o figure_n better_a so_o in_o this_o figure_n the_o intervall_n shall_v be_v 4_o time_n wide_a if_o the_o body_n must_v be_v so_o large_a but_o i_o conceive_v a_o general_a mistake_n in_o the_o figure_n and_o that_o in_o praissac_n pag._n 190._o to_o be_v much_o better_a chap._n ix_o of_o sieges_n no_o roman_a commander_n have_v make_v brave_a siege_n than_o cesar_n nor_o describe_v they_o more_o perfect_o he_o have_v leave_v example_n for_o the_o assail_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o cite_v and_o to_o maintain_v a_o siege_n against_o all_o kind_n of_o relief_n at_o brundisium_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n he_o constrain_v pompey_n to_o abandon_v it_o for_o that_o he_o shut_v up_o the_o haven_n by_o which_o that_o town_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v at_o cadenac_n which_o be_v a_o site_n inexpugnable_a he_o constrain_v the_o garrison_n to_o yield_v it_o by_o take_v away_o their_o water_n at_o alexia_n where_o be_v 80000_o soldier_n within_o the_o town_n and_o which_o expect_v two_o or_o three_o time_n as_o many_o he_o so_o fortify_v himself_o before_o it_o both_o against_o the_o town_n and_o against_o the_o enemy_n without_o as_o he_o famish_v it_o and_o at_o bourges_n and_o marseilles_n he_o take_v the_o first_o by_o assault_n and_o constrain_v the_o other_o to_o yield_v when_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n i_o will_v not_o here_o particularize_v the_o engine_n which_o they_o then_o make_v use_v of_o to_o force_v place_n of_o strength_n because_o the_o cannon_n have_v take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o they_o yet_o i_o will_v only_o say_v that_o they_o approach_v to_o the_o wall_n by_o degree_n as_o much_o shelter_v as_o they_o can_v and_o then_o attempt_v to_o batter_v they_o down_o by_o their_o engine_n or_o by_o mine_n to_o force_v a_o assault_n or_o at_o least_o to_o lodge_v upon_o the_o breach_n which_o i_o the_o rather_o speak_v to_o show_v that_o howsoever_o we_o have_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o fortification_n the_o better_a to_o make_v resistance_n against_o our_o new_a thunder_a engine_n nevertheless_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n for_o the_o take_n of_o town_n be_v the_o same_o which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o at_o this_o day_n concern_v the_o siege_n of_o alexia_n it_o be_v the_o model_n by_o which_o the_o prince_n of_o parma_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o marquesse_n spinola_n have_v direct_v themselves_o to_o make_v they_o and_o all_o these_o great_a work_n and_o circumvallation_n which_o we_o admire_v and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o they_o have_v take_v many_o great_a city_n in_o sight_n of_o great_a army_n than_o their_o own_o which_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o relieve_v they_o be_v nothing_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o which_o cesar_n make_v at_o this_o siege_n of_o alexia_n to_o conclude_v they_o which_o come_v near_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o war_a of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n as_o well_o in_o siege_n as_o in_o the_o field_n be_v they_o which_o prove_v the_o most_o excellent_a commander_n chap._n x._o observation_n upon_o some_o battle_n of_o the_o ancient_n now_o that_o we_o have_v show_v the_o ancient_a militia_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o have_v obtain_v so_o many_o brave_a victory_n we_o must_v yet_o observe_v two_o principal_a cause_n which_o their_o most_o excellent_a commander_n have_v successful_o observe_v to_o obtain_v victory_n in_o battle_n namely_o to_o strive_v to_o overw_v their_o enemy_n and_o never_o to_o cause_v their_o army_n to_o fight_v all_o at_o once_o cyrus_n to_o keep_v himself_o from_o be_v overwinge_v in_o the_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v against_o croesus_n double_v the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n by_o as_o many_o more_o as_o they_o be_v by_o make_v the_o file_n of_o his_o infantry_n but_o 12_o deep_a which_o before_o be_v 24_o and_o to_o enclose_v his_o enemy_n he_o place_v his_o best_a man_n on_o the_o wing_n who_o have_v defeat_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o adverse_a army_n come_v to_o assault_v the_o body_n of_o the_o battle_n on_o their_o flank_n and_o on_o their_o rear_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n hannibal_n place_v all_o his_o best_a soldier_n on_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o mean_a one_o in_o the_o middle_n that_o so_o the_o roman_n find_v but_o little_a resistance_n there_o may_v insensible_o sink_v into_o they_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o
in_o all_o place_n and_o that_o without_o omit_v one_o only_a point_n of_o military_a discipline_n for_o though_o our_o enemy_n sometime_o do_v action_n which_o have_v show_v of_o fear_n the_o better_a to_o circumvent_v we_o yet_o must_v we_o not_o therefore_o disesteem_v they_o no_o profession_n be_v like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o soldier_n wherein_o one_o fault_n can_v never_o be_v repair_v and_o wherein_o one_o hour_n cause_v the_o loss_n of_o that_o reputation_n which_o have_v be_v thirty_o year_n acquire_v to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o will_v only_o add_v this_o that_o the_o cruelty_n which_o cesar_n use_v towards_o those_o of_o vannes_n ought_v not_o to_o blemish_v his_o clemency_n manifest_v in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n but_o we_o must_v rather_o believe_v that_o he_o force_v his_o disposition_n in_o this_o severe_a action_n to_o chastise_v the_o violatour_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o that_o they_o imprison_v those_o which_o under_o promise_n of_o safety_n go_v to_o negotiate_v with_o they_o and_o also_o to_o give_v a_o terror_n to_o all_o that_o people_n so_o subject_a to_o revolt_v by_o let_v they_o taste_v the_o sweetness_n of_o a_o mild_a government_n while_o they_o keep_v within_o the_o list_n of_o obedience_n and_o by_o use_v they_o rigorous_o when_o they_o depart_v from_o it_o the_o five_o war_n the_o iv_o book_n the_o german_n of_o francfort_n and_o hessen_n tenchtheri_fw-la usipetes_n tenchtheri_fw-la to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o soul_n find_v themselves_o persecute_v by_o the_o suevian_o the_o most_o puissant_a and_o hardy_a people_n of_o germany_n abandon_v their_o native_a home_n and_o after_o wander_v through_o divers_a country_n they_o approach_v the_o rhine_n about_o the_o province_n of_o gueldres_n and_o gulick_n out_o of_o which_o they_o drive_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o their_o territory_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n cesar_n which_o know_v the_o humour_n of_o the_o french_a to_o be_v turbulent_a and_o ready_a to_o shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n resolve_v not_o to_o suffer_v the_o germane_a to_o settle_v themselves_o on_o this_o side_n the_o rhine_n and_o though_o he_o well_o perceive_v that_o they_o have_v begin_v a_o treaty_n with_o they_o he_o dissemble_v it_o and_o anticipate_v the_o time_n which_o former_o he_o use_v for_o his_o go_v into_o the_o field_n hasten_v direct_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o foresay_a german_n which_o be_v astonish_v at_o this_o diligence_n send_v ambassador_n to_o he_o to_o treat_v of_o peace_n he_o give_v they_o fair_a audience_n and_o courteous_a answer_n but_o hold_v on_o his_o march_n still_o towards_o they_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o accord_v condition_v with_o cesar_n to_o remain_v where_o he_o be_v three_o day_n he_o grant_v they_o one_o whereupon_o his_o cavalry_n to_o the_o number_n of_o five_o thousand_o advance_v to_o forage_v encounter_v with_o eight_o hundred_o german_a horse_n which_o charge_v they_o brave_o rout_n they_o and_o chase_v they_o even_o to_o the_o roman_a camp_n but_o the_o next_o day_n send_v all_o their_o principal_a commander_n to_o cesar_n to_o excuse_v this_o action_n and_o to_o make_v appear_v unto_o he_o that_o it_o be_v by_o mere_a accident_n he_o retain_v they_o prisoner_n march_v with_o his_o army_n towards_o the_o german_n surprise_v they_o and_o cut_v they_o all_o in_o piece_n which_o do_v he_o make_v a_o bridge_n over_o the_o rhine_n go_v into_o germany_n relieve_v the_o city_n of_o cullen_n agrippina_n ubii_n or_o colonia_n agrippina_n grant_v peace_n to_o such_o as_o will_v deliver_v hostage_n burn_v and_o waste_v the_o rest_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o eighteen_o day_n break_v down_o his_o bridge_n and_o return_v into_o france_n observation_n we_o must_v here_o observe_v caesar_n wise_a conduct_n who_o by_o his_o ready_a and_o unexpected_a march_n dissolve_v the_o practice_n which_o be_v in_o agitation_n between_o the_o german_n and_o gaul_n by_o his_o dissimulation_n towards_o the_o gaul_n pretend_v not_o to_o know_v their_o plotting_n and_o testify_v his_o confidence_n of_o they_o hold_v they_o in_o fair_a quarter_n and_o hinder_v they_o from_o precipitate_v themselves_o into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o german_n by_o his_o industry_n delay_v they_o by_o treaty_n while_o he_o still_o march_v towards_o they_o and_o when_o occasion_n serve_v take_v his_o advantage_n to_o take_v they_o in_o disorder_n and_o destitute_a of_o commander_n make_v they_o believe_v they_o have_v first_o break_v the_o treaty_n next_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o upon_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o great_a defeat_n he_o cause_v the_o roman_a eagle_n to_o fly_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n to_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o german_n and_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o retain_v they_o for_o the_o future_a from_o further_a attempt_v beside_o he_o will_v not_o pass_v over_o the_o rhine_n by_o boat_n as_o a_o thing_n too_o full_a of_o hazard_n but_o he_o make_v a_o bridge_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v fortify_v and_o guard_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n neither_o stay_v be_v long_o in_o that_o country_n than_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o reputation_n of_o his_o army_n and_o at_o his_o return_n break_v down_o his_o bridge_n take_v away_o by_o that_o course_n the_o mean_n from_o the_o german_n of_o make_v use_n thereof_o i_o add_v further_o that_o the_o defeat_n of_o five_o thousand_o roman_a horse_n by_o eight_o hundred_o of_o the_o german_a cavalry_n and_o the_o day_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o german_n by_o thirty_o or_o forty_o thousand_o roman_n show_v plain_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o natural_a valour_n of_o one_o nation_n above_o another_o nor_o the_o great_a number_n above_o the_o small_a which_o give_v the_o conquest_n but_o the_o exact_a observation_n of_o military_a discipline_n and_o the_o continual_a exercise_n of_o arm_n which_o instruct_v man_n not_o only_o to_o fight_v well_o but_o also_o to_o take_v advantage_n and_o to_o know_v when_o to_o fight_v and_o when_o not_o the_o six_o war_n cesars_n six_o war_n be_v against_o the_o britain_n because_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o island_n do_v oftentimes_o assist_v the_o french_a against_o he_o to_o this_o end_n he_o enquire_v of_o merchant_n which_o traffic_v there_o what_o nation_n do_v inhabit_v it_o what_o their_o manner_n of_o war_a under_o what_o law_n they_o live_v and_o which_o be_v their_o best_a haven_n then_o he_o dispatch_v c._n volusenus_n to_o discover_v the_o coast_n then_o send_v for_o his_o ship_n which_o he_o have_v use_v in_o his_o war_n against_o those_o of_o vannes_n and_o prepare_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o design_n the_o noise_n of_o this_o preparation_n give_v occasion_n to_o many_o city_n of_o britain_n to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o he_o to_o promise_v obedience_n and_o to_o offer_v he_o hostage_n which_o he_o return_v with_o fair_a language_n and_o with_o they_o comius_n who_o he_o have_v make_v king_n of_o arras_n under_o which_o pretext_n he_o may_v the_o better_o discover_v the_o country_n nevertheless_o atrebates_n atrebates_n comius_n not_o dare_v to_o trust_v himself_o among_o the_o britain_n stay_v only_o five_o day_n upon_o their_o coast_n and_o then_o return_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o he_o have_v discover_v mean_a time_n cesar_n make_v peace_n with_o those_o of_o terovenne_n morini_n morini_n that_o so_o he_o may_v leave_v no_o war_n behind_o he_o take_v two_o legion_n and_o part_n of_o his_o cavalry_n send_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o country_n of_o gueldres_n menapii_n menapii_n under_o the_o command_n of_o q._n titurius_n sabinus_n and_o arunculeius_fw-la cotta_n give_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o he_o embark_v unto_o p._n sulpitius_n rufus_n and_o put_v to_o sea_n he_o arrive_v safe_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n with_o his_o infantry_n only_o which_o he_o find_v all_o in_o arm_n he_o attempt_v to_o land_n there_o where_o find_v too_o much_o difficulty_n he_o go_v and_o do_v it_o eight_o mile_n further_o and_o yet_o not_o without_o danger_n nevertheless_o he_o so_o affright_v the_o britain_n that_o they_o send_v to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n but_o a_o tempest_n arise_v which_o batter_v many_o of_o his_o ship_n and_o drive_v aground_n all_o those_o which_o carry_v his_o horse_n give_v they_o new_a courage_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o give_v he_o hostage_n they_o arm_v all_o the_o country_n against_o he_o ill_o entreat_v one_o of_o his_o legion_n which_o go_v to_o forage_v which_o he_o relieve_v and_o bring_v safe_o off_o in_o these_o extremity_n cesar_n take_v care_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o his_o navy_n for_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o for_o the_o secure_n of_o his_o camp_n and_o be_v again_o assail_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o
bind_v to_o arm_v themselves_o according_a as_o their_o order_n require_v the_o five_o and_o last_o classis_fw-la as_o be_v too_o poor_a be_v exempt_a from_o go_v to_o the_o war_n nevertheless_o after_o that_o the_o roman_n make_v war_n by_o sea_n which_o be_v four_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n they_o choose_v out_o the_o able_a of_o this_o five_o classis_fw-la to_o make_v they_o serve_v at_o sea_n and_o yet_o they_o oblige_v they_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n to_o serve_v twenty_o year_n among_o the_o land-force_n none_o can_v attein_v to_o the_o office_n of_o a_o civil_a magistrate_n in_o rome_n unless_o he_o have_v serve_v ten_o year_n in_o the_o war_n nor_o by_o that_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o office_n unless_o he_o be_v twenty_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n for_o at_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n they_o be_v enrol_v and_o then_o enter_v into_o the_o war_n and_o end_v their_o service_n at_o forty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n they_o be_v oblige_v during_o these_o twenty_o eight_o year_n to_o serve_v fifteen_o and_o when_o they_o have_v accomplish_v their_o service_n they_o be_v no_o more_o tie_v to_o take_v arm_n but_o only_o for_o the_o guard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n after_o that_o the_o king_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o rome_n they_o choose_v every_o year_n two_o consul_n in_o their_o stead_n then_o those_o consul_n choose_v twenty_o four_o military_a tribune_n but_o afterward_o the_o people_n will_v choose_v they_o fourteen_o of_o they_o be_v to_o have_v serve_v already_o five_o year_n in_o the_o war_n and_o the_o other_o ten_o a_o long_a time_n namely_o in_o the_o infantry_n eleven_o year_n and_o in_o the_o cavalry_n fifteen_o year_n which_o show_v what_o esteem_n they_o have_v of_o their_o foot_n above_o their_o horse_n the_o consul_n every_o year_n call_v out_o of_o all_o the_o tribe_n such_o as_o be_v from_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o forty_o five_o to_o the_o capitole_n or_o to_o campus_n martius_n and_o such_o as_o dd_v not_o there_o make_v their_o appearance_n be_v rigorous_o punish_v which_o be_v easy_o discover_v for_o by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o tullus_n hostilius_n they_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o all_o that_o be_v bear_v and_o that_o die_v now_o they_o of_o the_o territory_n be_v reckon_v into_o the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n as_o well_o as_o they_o which_o dwell_v within_o the_o city_n they_o always_o choose_v four_o legion_n two_o for_o each_o consul_n sometime_o they_o levy_v more_o but_o very_o seldom_o and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hannibal_n they_o have_v twenty_o three_o legion_n and_o yet_o every_o consul_n have_v but_o two_o the_o rest_n be_v command_v by_o praetor_n proconsul_n and_o other_o officer_n but_o after_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n grow_v more_o powerful_a and_o their_o law_n grow_v weak_a there_o have_v be_v under_o cesar_n in_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n ten_o legion_n before_o they_o proceed_v to_o election_n of_o their_o soldier_n they_o divide_v the_o twenty_o four_o tribune_n among_o the_o 4._o legion_n namely_o of_o the_o fourteen_o young_a of_o they_o they_o give_v four_o to_o the_o first_o legion_n three_o to_o the_o second_o four_o to_o the_o three_o and_o three_o to_o the_o four_o and_o of_o the_o ten_o elder_a they_o give_v two_o to_o the_o first_o three_o to_o the_o second_o two_o to_o the_o three_o and_o three_o to_o the_o four_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v six_o military_a tribune_n for_o every_o legion_n and_o in_o every_o one_o both_o old_a and_o young_a one_o the_o tribune_n be_v thus_o disparted_a and_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o tribe_n be_v draw_v by_o lot_n and_o of_o the_o first_o they_o choose_v four_o man_n of_o a_o like_a quality_n as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v of_o these_o four_o the_o six_o tribune_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n choose_v one_o the_o six_o of_o the_o second_o choose_v the_o second_o the_o six_o of_o the_o three_o the_o three_o and_o the_o six_o of_o the_o four_o have_v the_o four_o man_n then_o they_o choose_v four_o more_o whereof_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n begin_v to_o choose_v the_o first_o they_o of_o the_o three_o the_o second_o they_o of_o the_o four_o the_o three_o and_o they_o of_o the_o first_o legion_n take_v the_o four_o man_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o so_o successive_o they_o make_v their_o choâ—ce_n throughout_o all_o the_o tribe_n insomuch_o that_o by_o this_o choice_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n have_v no_o advantage_n over_o those_o of_o the_o last_o but_o be_v all_o equal_o form_v after_o the_o election_n thus_o make_v of_o the_o infantry_n the_o censor_n elect_v the_o cavalry_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n of_o every_o legion_n it_o have_v differ_v at_o divers_a time_n for_o the_o infantry_n it_o have_v be_v 3000_o 3200_o 4000_o 4200_o 5000_o 5200_o 6000_o 6200_o always_o follow_v that_o proportion_n of_o number_n for_o the_o convenience_n which_o they_o find_v in_o it_o for_o the_o ready_a divide_v they_o and_o form_v of_o their_o maniple_n century_n and_o cohortes_n so_o in_o their_o cavalry_n it_o have_v be_v at_o divers_a time_n 200_o 220_o 250_o 300_o 320_o 330_o 350_o and_o 400._o the_o election_n be_v thus_o make_v the_o tribune_n of_o every_o legion_n make_v they_o take_v the_o oath_n one_o by_o one_o hold_v up_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o raise_v up_o the_o thumb_n of_o that_o hand_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v command_v they_o by_o theiâ—_n superior_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o consul_n command_v the_o magistrate_n of_o italy_n to_o make_v their_o election_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n among_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n among_o which_o there_o be_v choose_v a_o like_a number_n of_o infantry_n and_o double_a the_o number_n of_o cavalry_n so_o that_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n there_o must_v be_v four_o legion_n two_o roman_a and_o two_o auxiliar_o that_o do_v they_o be_v suffer_v to_o depart_v have_v a_o set_a day_n give_v they_o to_o meet_v at_o a_o place_n appoint_v without_o arm_n where_o the_o tribune_n choose_v the_o young_a and_o the_o poor_a to_o be_v velite_n the_o next_o to_o be_v hastati_fw-la the_o more_o vigorous_a to_o be_v principes_fw-la and_o the_o elder_a sort_n to_o be_v triarii_n then_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o therein_o they_o sometime_o vary_v but_o most_o usual_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o velite_n be_v a_o morion_n a_o small_a target_n dart_n and_o a_o sword_n their_o archer_n and_o slinger_n be_v call_v extraordinary_a and_o be_v auxiliar_o the_o hastati_fw-la bare_a target_n of_o four_o foot_n high_a a_o head-piece_n and_o a_o small_a breast_n of_o the_o cuirace_n the_o rich_a sort_n of_o they_o bear_v the_o whole_a cuirace_n a_o sword_n on_o the_o right_a thigh_n be_v short_a broad_a and_o sharp-pointed_a and_o cut_v on_o both_o side_n and_o two_o dart_n to_o cast_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la bear_v the_o like_a arm_n only_o the_o triarii_n in_o stead_n of_o dart_n have_v javelin_n concern_v the_o cavalry_n that_o be_v but_o ill_o arm_v at_o the_o beginning_n but_o it_o learn_v of_o the_o grecian_n afterward_o to_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o cuirace_n a_o buckler_n and_o a_o casting-javelin_n the_o ally_n aswell_o horse_n as_o foot_n be_v arm_v and_o discipline_v as_o the_o roman_n beside_o the_o four_o body_n of_o velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la the_o ancient_a author_n also_o make_v mention_n of_o tirones_fw-la rorarii_fw-la and_o accenses_n all_o which_o be_v young_a soldier_n either_o roman_n or_o auxiliar_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n fight_v not_o but_o with_o casting-weapon_n and_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o other_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n among_o the_o roman_n but_o of_o those_o three_o order_n the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n for_o even_o the_o velite_n have_v no_o body_n apart_o by_o themselves_o be_v both_o in_o the_o order_n of_o batallion_n as_o also_o in_o the_o encamp_n intermix_a among_o the_o other_o three_o order_n and_o begin_v not_o to_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o roman_n but_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o capua_n the_o election_n be_v make_v the_o soldier_n arm_v and_o the_o order_n form_v the_o tribune_n separate_v every_o order_n by_o century_n or_o cohort_n than_o make_v two_o election_n of_o ten_o man_n apiece_o they_o of_o the_o first_o be_v the_o more_o honourable_a assist_v at_o the_o counsel_n of_o war_n and_o be_v as_o the_o captain_n of_o our_o time_n they_o of_o the_o second_o represent_v our_o lieutenant_n indeed_o all_o of_o they_o be_v call_v centurion_n but_o they_o of_o the_o first_o election_n be_v call_v first_o centurion_n and_o the_o other_o second_o centurion_n