Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	county_n	say_a	sheriff_n	8,049	5	11.8418	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64083	Bibliotheca politica: or An enquiry into the ancient constitution of the English government both in respect to the just extent of regal power, and the rights and liberties of the subject. Wherein all the chief arguments, as well against, as for the late revolution, are impartially represented, and considered, in thirteen dialogues. Collected out of the best authors, as well antient as modern. To which is added an alphabetical index to the whole work.; Bibliotheca politica.	Tyrrell, James, 1642-1718.	1694 (1694)	Wing T3582; ESTC P6200	1,210,521	1,073

writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o summon_v two_o knight_n de_fw-fr legalioribus_fw-la &_o discretoribus_fw-la singulorum_fw-la comitatuumâ—_n â—_z though_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n whether_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n be_v to_o elect_n and_o send_v these_o knight_n the_o sheriff_n be_v then_o of_o the_o faction_n and_o make_v by_o they_o for_o it_o be_v there_o say_v only_o quod_fw-la venire_fw-la faciarâ—_n there_o be_v also_o other_o writ_n recite_v to_o have_v be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n of_o england_n as_o also_o to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o send_v two_o of_o the_o most_o legal_a and_o discreet_a of_o each_o of_o the_o say_a city_n burrough_n town_n and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o the_o say_a parliament_n at_o westminster_n at_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a so_o that_o without_o the_o history_n of_o this_o neck_n of_o time_n these_o writ_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o prince_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o for_o the_o settle_n of_o tranquillity_n and_o peace_n in_o the_o nation_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o prince_n edward_n release_n can_v not_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o this_o parliament_n whatever_o other_o business_n may_v be_v dispatch_v so_o that_o thing_n still_o remain_v in_o this_o uncertain_a condition_n the_o king_n be_v all_o this_o time_n a_o mere_a shadow_n until_o such_o time_n as_o simon_n montfort_n and_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fall_v out_o the_o latter_a at_o last_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o join_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o surry_n and_o pembroke_n to_o who_o also_o come_v prince_n edward_n after_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n from_o hereford_n they_o altogether_o raise_v considerable_a force_n against_o monfort_n who_o meet_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n near_o evesham_n monfort_n with_o one_o of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o lord_n and_o knight_n be_v slay_v and_o all_o his_o party_n rout_v now_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o very_a clear_a account_n from_o the_o history_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v first_o call_v to_o parliament_n by_o monfort_n during_o his_o rebellion_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v also_o give_v you_o very_o good_a reason_n and_o authority_n to_o back_v they_o why_o they_o be_v again_o discontinue_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n until_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o f._n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o my_o opinion_n of_o your_o narrative_a by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v satisfy_v i_o in_o one_o or_o two_o question_n pray_v sir_n what_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o we_o can_v find_v but_o twenty_o three_o earl_n and_o baron_n summon_v of_o that_o great_a number_n there_o be_v then_o and_o only_o to_o thirteen_o bishop_n in_o this_o parliament_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o shall_v be_v summon_v above_o a_o hundred_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o but_o five_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n church_n pray_o why_o may_v not_o these_o numerous_a baron_n be_v trust_v as_o well_o as_o all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n m._n as_o for_o his_o not_o summon_v all_o the_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o put_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o room_n 143._o there_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o viz._n the_o danger_n that_o simon_n monford_n and_o his_o privado_n apprehend_v from_o the_o too_o great_a concourse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o their_o great_a retinueâ—_n and_o the_o example_n of_o his_o own_o and_o the_o baron_n practice_n at_o oxford_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 42_o d._n of_o henry_n the_o three_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o they_o alter_v the_o ancient_a usage_n and_o of_o their_o send_v writ_n out_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n as_o also_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n to_o send_v two_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n respective_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n summon_v be_v 139._o because_o simon_n monfort_n think_v himself_o sure_a of_o they_o he_o be_v a_o great_a zealot_n and_o a_o godly_a man_n in_o those_o time_n and_o a_o great_a minion_n of_o these_o religious_a man_n as_o then_o call_v as_o also_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o they_o be_v at_o least_o seem_o great_a favourite_n of_o he_o f._n i_o must_v confess_v there_o be_v some_o colour_n of_o reason_n why_o simon_n monfort_n shall_v summon_v so_o many_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o this_o parliament_n if_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o all_o their_o vote_n before_o hand_n but_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o this_o for_o if_o he_o have_v be_v so_o sure_a of_o they_o there_o be_v as_o much_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v call_v they_o all_o likewise_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o london_n which_o you_o say_v he_o summon_v the_o year_n before_o when_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o he_o make_v the_o new_a ordinance_n you_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v find_v in_o any_o historian_n or_o record_n that_o he_o then_o summon_v so_o many_o of_o they_o and_o it_o seem_v pretty_a strange_a that_o all_o these_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o dean_n not_o a_o four_o part_n of_o which_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v all_o take_v the_o trouble_n to_o come_v to_o this_o parliament_n without_o any_o scruple_n if_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o be_v summon_v before_o but_o the_o other_o reason_n you_o give_v why_o so_o many_o earl_n and_o baron_n shall_v be_v omit_v be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a for_o if_o the_o numerous_a baron_n factious_a practice_n at_o oxford_n have_v before_o frustrate_v monfort_n design_n there_o have_v be_v indeed_o some_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o have_v hinder_v their_o come_n again_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o the_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n though_o they_o come_v thither_o with_o arm_n and_o great_a retinue_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o to_o join_v with_o he_o and_o to_o force_v the_o king_n to_o agree_v to_o the_o oxford_n provision_n but_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v now_o summon_v as_o you_o suppose_v to_o curb_v the_o extravagant_a power_n of_o the_o lord_n yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v his_o interest_n or_o indeed_o in_o his_o power_n so_o to_o do_v not_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v too_o powerful_a and_o numerous_a a_o body_n to_o have_v suffer_v such_o a_o affront_n and_o breach_n on_o their_o right_n as_o this_o be_v nor_o can_v he_o and_o his_o two_o and_o twenty_o companion_n have_v ever_o dare_v to_o have_v displease_v so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o you_o must_v allow_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a then_o be_v and_o who_o make_v such_o a_o powerful_a opposition_n for_o their_o liberty_n in_o king_n john_n time_n or_o that_o they_o will_v have_v thus_o tame_o permit_v man_n whole_o of_o the_o sheriff_n choice_n to_o have_v thus_o take_v away_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o make_v law_n for_o they_o much_o less_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n most_o of_o who_o be_v certain_o not_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o yet_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la nor_o can_v it_o be_v for_o monfort_n interest_n so_o to_o do_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v of_o his_o side_n already_o and_o thus_o to_o â—â—clude_v they_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o disoblige_v they_o and_o make_v they_o leave_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n side_n so_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n grant_v monfort_n to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o knave_n and_o hypocrite_n as_o you_o make_v he_o yet_o certain_o he_o be_v no_o fool_n but_o a_o great_a politician_n and_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o do_v so_o silly_a and_o unpolitick_a a_o thing_n as_o this_o for_o grant_v all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n to_o have_v be_v of_o his_o side_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o can_v no_o way_n counterbalance_v the_o great_a power_n of_o those_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o numerous_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v all_o hereby_o exclude_v so_o that_o let_v the_o commons_o have_v be_v summon_v when_o you_o will_v it_o be_v certain_o before_o this_o 49_o â—h_a of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n why_o so_o few_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 49_o of_o hen._n 3_o d_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v

prescription_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o for_o since_o you_o have_v now_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o by_o a_o undeniable_a record_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edward_n i._o i_o shall_v now_o confine_v myself_o to_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o sir_n william_n dugdales_n as_o well_o as_o the_o drs._n first_o term_n of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n f._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o desire_n and_o in_o perform_v of_o which_o i_o shall_v pursue_v this_o method_n i_o shall_v first_o give_v you_o a_o general_a definition_n of_o prescription_n and_o shall_v then_o prove_v that_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n have_v always_o claim_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o general_a right_n of_o prescription_n now_o the_o term_n of_o the_o law_n tell_v we_o that_o prescription_n be_v when_o a_o man_n claim_v any_o thing_n for_o that_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n and_o 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grandfather_n to_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v but_o mark_v the_o king_n answer_v to_o this_o petition_n let_v the_o law_n continue_v as_o have_v be_v hitherto_o use_v until_o it_o be_v otherwise_o ordain_v so_o that_o since_o there_o have_v be_v no_o alteration_n in_o this_o point_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o than_o the_o time_n beyond_o memory_n or_o whereof_o there_o be_v no_o memory_n to_o the_o contrary_a continue_v still_o beyond_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o i._o for_o littleton_n tell_v we_o 115._o that_o all_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n i._o be_v time_n of_o memory_n and_o therefore_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o he_o say_z that_o this_o be_v intend_v from_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o from_o that_o time_n be_v indefinite_o do_v take_v in_o all_o the_o whole_a time_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v have_v fix_v the_o certain_a time_n of_o a_o general_a prescription_n beyond_o memory_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o that_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o commons_o appear_v at_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v beyond_o that_o time_n which_o since_o i_o can_v do_v direct_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n any_o far_a than_o have_v be_v already_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n which_o alone_o be_v i_o think_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v any_o reasonable_a man_n we_o must_v therefore_o make_v use_n of_o such_o collateral_a proof_n and_o record_n which_o though_o they_o not_o direct_o rememorat_fw-la yet_o by_o undeniable_a consequence_n will_v prove_v the_o point_n in_o question_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n make_v use_n of_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o the_o 34th_o edward_n 1_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n thereof_o recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o man_n of_o coventry_n set_v forth_o in_o their_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o say_v to_o all_o be_v not_o a_o city_n burrough_n nor_o demesne_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o townsman_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v tax_v as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n or_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la in_o any_o tax_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n but_o only_o with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o say_a county_n of_o warwick_n and_o yet_o that_o the_o taxer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o say_a county_n have_v endeavour_v to_o levy_v a_o 30_o of_o their_o good_n towards_o a_o aid_n grant_v by_o the_o community_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o the_o king_n to_o their_o damage_n and_o impoverishment_n and_o therefore_o pray_v remedy_n the_o king_n therefore_o order_n that_o the_o roll_n be_v search_v concern_v such_o taxation_n in_o the_o say_a town_n and_o if_o it_o evident_o appear_v by_o they_o that_o it_o be_v as_o they_o set_v forth_o and_o that_o the_o say_v man_n be_v always_o tax_v with_o other_o without_o the_o town_n burrough_n and_o manor_n aforesaid_a in_o all_o payment_n of_o this_o sort_n that_o then_o they_o shall_v not_o permit_v the_o say_v taxer_n and_o collector_n to_o distrain_v the_o say_v inhabitant_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a concession_n of_o a_o 30_o otherwise_o quam_fw-la in_o totis_fw-la temporious_fw-la retroactis_fw-la in_o hujuscemodi_fw-la casu_fw-la fieri_fw-la consueverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o which_o record_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o this_o town_n of_o coventry_n do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o yet_o be_v a_o burrow_n and_o as_o such_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 26_o 28_o and_o 30_o of_o edward_n i._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o return_n of_o writ_n of_o that_o year_n 40.55_o second_o that_o yet_o it_o prescribe_v totis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la in_o all_o time_n pass_v to_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n and_o not_o with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o all_o tax_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n which_o plain_o show_v that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n grant_v tax_n by_o themselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o progenitor_n that_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n at_o the_o least_o last_o that_o the_o king_n order_v the_o roll_n to_o be_v search_v which_o have_v be_v idle_a direction_n have_v it_o then_o be_v know_v or_o believe_v that_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n never_o give_v any_o tax_n for_o themselves_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o but_o little_a above_o forty_o year_n before_o the_o date_n of_o this_o writ_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o a_o like_a writ_n which_o be_v to_o be_v sound_a in_o the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o townsman_n and_o tenant_n of_o beverly_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n in_o 8_o vo_z of_o edward_n the_o second_o set_v forth_o in_o their_o petition_n that_o although_o they_o have_v be_v tax_v to_o to_o the_o 20_o late_o give_v to_o the_o king_n per_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la by_o the_o taxer_n and_o collector_n of_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o 20_o in_o the_o say_a county_n although_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v tax_v to_o all_o aid_n as_o well_o to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o his_o propenitor_n grant_v per_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o county_n and_o not_o with_o the_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o bargorum_fw-la yet_o that_o the_o taxer_n and_o collector_n of_o the_o 15_o late_o grant_v by_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v grievous_o distrain_v they_o to_o their_o great_a damage_n and_o therefore_o pray_v remedy_n whereupon_o the_o king_n command_v that_o the_o roll_n be_v search_v of_o such_o like_a taxation_n and_o if_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v always_o be_v hitherto_o tax_v as_o they_o in_o their_o petition_n set_v forth_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v be_v discharge_v from_o the_o say_v 15_o from_o which_o record_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o this_o town_n of_o beverly_n though_o a_o ancient_a burrough_n and_o as_o such_o be_v summon_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 26_o of_o this_o king_n yet_o do_v not_o hold_v oâ—_n the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la 46._o nor_o in_o ancient_n demesne_fw-la second_o that_o aid_n have_v be_v give_v the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n per_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la i._n e._n by_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o that_o in_o parliament_n but_o how_o far_o these_o progenitor_n must_v extend_v i_o need_v no_o repeat_v to_o you_o the_o ground_n of_o which_o petition_n be_v admit_v by_o the_o king_n in_o

of_o knight_n of_o shire_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v it_o far_o with_o you_o since_o it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o your_o common_a law_n in_o which_o i_o confess_v myself_o but_o mean_o skill_v but_o i_o shall_v take_v far_a time_n to_o advise_v with_o those_o that_o know_v better_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n let_v they_o have_v appear_v when_o you_o will_v their_o come_n to_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o before_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n i._o much_o less_o the_o conquest_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o mr._n pryn_n have_v in_o the_o same_o second_o part_n of_o this_o parliamentary_a register_n trace_v the_o summon_n of_o the_o burrough_n to_o their_o very_a original_a and_o prove_v it_o can_v not_o be_v ancient_a than_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d._n i_o shall_v here_o contract_v his_o argument_n and_o give_v you_o they_o as_o i_o do_v the_o former_a first_o 214._o he_o here_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v never_o but_o 170_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o send_v any_o member_n to_o parliament_n of_o which_o 170_o in_o his_o catalogue_n nine_o of_o they_o never_o have_v but_o one_o or_o two_o precept_n and_o other_o but_o four_o precept_n of_o this_o nature_n send_v they_o upon_o none_o of_o which_o precept_n the_o sheriff_n make_v any_o return_n of_o burgess_n as_o these_o ballivi_fw-la libirlatis_fw-la nullum_fw-la mihi_fw-la dederunt_fw-la responsum_fw-la or_o nihil_fw-la inde_fw-la secerunt_fw-la attest_v whereupon_o they_o never_o have_v any_o more_o precept_n of_o this_o kind_n send_v they_o to_o this_o day_n christ-church_n in_o hampshire_n only_o except_v which_o of_o late_a year_n have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n so_o that_o in_o truth_n there_o be_v only_o 161_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n that_o ever_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n during_o all_o the_o precedent_a king_n reign_n viz._n from_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n i._o to_o the_o 12_o of_o edw._n the_o four_o second_o that_o 22_o more_o here_o name_v of_o these_o 161_o never_o elect_v and_o return_v burgess_n but_o once_o and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o say_a time_n three_o that_o many_o more_o of_o these_o ancient_a burrough_n here_o name_v never_o send_v member_n 225.226_o some_o of_o they_o more_o than_o twice_o other_o thrice_o other_o four_z other_o five_z other_o six_z other_o seven_z other_o eight_o time_n and_o lancaster_n have_v but_o 13_o election_n and_o return_v of_o burgess_n and_o no_o more_o during_o all_o the_o above_o mention_v reign_n four_o that_o although_o some_o of_o these_o burrough_n here_o name_v who_o seldom_o send_v any_o burgess_n though_o they_o be_v summon_v by_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n to_o elect_a burgess_n without_o any_o great_a interval_n of_o time_n to_o six_o or_o seven_o succeed_v parliament_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v along_o discontinuance_n of_o time_n some_o of_o above_o 200_o other_o above_o 300_o year_n distance_n between_o those_o few_o respective_a return_v of_o which_o he_o here_o give_v you_o several_a instance_n and_o refer_v you_o to_o his_o precedent_a catalogue_n of_o return_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o so_o that_o there_o be_v but_o 112_o city_n and_o burrough_n take_v in_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o all_o who_o senâ—_n member_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._n seven_o of_o which_o make_v only_o one_o return_n and_o no_o more_o for_o aught_o i_o can_v discover_v before_o or_o after_o edward_n one_a reign_n till_o of_o very_a late_a year_n yet_o that_o in_o edward_n the_o 2d_v reign_v there_o be_v precept_n issue_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o return_n of_o burgess_n for_o 19_o new_a burrough_n here_o name_v 227.228_o which_o for_o aught_o i_o can_v discover_v never_o elect_v any_o burgess_n before_o five_o that_o under_o this_o long_a reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 3d._n there_o be_v sheriff_n precept_n issue_v to_o 19_o new_a borroughs_n return_v make_v upon_o they_o to_o serve_v in_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n who_o never_o send_v any_o member_n before_o and_o precept_n to_o more_o that_o make_v no_o return_n at_o all_o thereupon_o as_o for_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n of_o dover_n romney_n sandwich_n winchelsey_n hastings_n hâ—the_n and_o rye_n though_o there_o be_v no_o original_a writ_n for_o or_o return_n of_o their_o elect_n and_o send_v baron_n to_o parliament_n now_o extant_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o yet_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o clause_n roll_n that_o they_o send_v baron_n to_o parliament_n in_o 49th_o of_o henry_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n one_a and_o 2d_o of_o which_o more_o anon_o six_o that_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o henry_n the_o 5_o create_v no_o new_a burrough_n at_o all_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o writ_n or_o precept_n issue_v to_o or_o election_n of_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n by_o any_o new_a city_n or_o borroughs_n but_o such_o as_o elect_v they_o before_o their_o reign_n seven_o that_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o long_a reign_n there_o be_v precept_n issue_v to_o and_o return_v make_v by_o five_o new_a burrough_n and_o no_o more_o which_o never_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o viz._n gatton_n in_o surrey_n hâ—ytesbury_n hyndford_n westbury_n and_o wootton_n basset_n all_o in_o wiitshire_n yet_o very_o poor_a inconsiderable_a burrough_n though_o they_o elect_v burgess_n at_o this_o day_n that_o during_o edward_n the_o four_o reign_n there_o be_v one_o new_a burrough_n here_o name_v which_o begin_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n under_o he_o though_o it_o never_o send_v any_o before_o f._n well_o but_o how_o come_v this_o about_o that_o so_o many_o new_a burrough_n be_v make_v in_o some_o king_n reign_n and_o few_o or_o none_o in_o other_o â—_o and_o so_o many_o omit_v that_o have_v serve_v before_o in_o other_o parliament_n m._n pray_v read_v on_o and_o you_o will_v see_v this_o author_n give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n of_o that_o and_o impure_v it_o to_o two_o cause_n first_o the_o partiality_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n who_o desire_v to_o be_v elect_v in_o such_o new_a burrough_n second_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n who_o by_o divers_a charter_n to_o new_a corporation_n have_v give_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o pray_v see_v what_o this_o author_n here_o far_o say_v it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o precedent_a section_n and_o catalogue_n of_o ancient_a city_n 234._o burrough_n port_n and_o their_o return_n of_o writ_n and_o election_n before_o specify_v with_o these_o general_a clause_n after_o they_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la aliae_fw-la or_o ullae_fw-la civitates_fw-la nec_fw-la burgi_n in_fw-la balliva_fw-la mea_fw-la or_o in_o comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la praeter_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o buck_n anno_fw-la 26_o of_o edward_n ay_o where_o he_o deny_v there_o be_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n in_o his_o whole_a county_n and_o yet_o the_o very_a next_o parliament_n but_o one_o within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o sheriff_n of_o buck_n return_v no_o less_o than_o three_o burrough_n viz._n agmundesham_n wycombe_n and_o wendover_n with_o the_o burgess_n name_n that_o be_v return_v so_o that_o the_o 78_o new_a burrough_n here_o name_v be_v late_o set_v up_o in_o the_o county_n since_o edward_n the_o 4ths_n reign_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o private_a gentleman_n seek_v to_o be_v make_v burgess_n for_o they_o and_o consent_v of_o the_o poor_a burgess_n of_o they_o be_v court_v and_o feâ—sted_v by_o they_o for_o their_o vote_n without_o any_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v all_o i_o in_o poor_a inconsiderable_a burrough_n set_v up_o by_o the_o late_a return_v and_o practice_n of_o sheriff_n and_o though_o other_o may_v conceive_v that_o the_o power_n of_o our_o ancient_a burrough_n or_o city_n elect_v 230._o and_o send_v burgess_n and_o citizen_n to_o our_o parliament_n proceed_v original_o from_o some_o old_a charter_n of_o our_o king_n heretofore_o grant_v to_o they_o and_o to_o which_o opinion_n i_o once_o incline_v yet_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o new_a discovery_n of_o the_o old_a original_a of_o writ_n for_o elect_v knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n i_o find_v in_o caesar_n chapel_n have_v rectify_v my_o former_a mistake_n herein_o and_o abundant_o satisfy_v i_o that_o neither_o bare_a ancient_a custom_n or_o prescription_n before_o or_o since_o the_o conquest_n not_o our_o king_n charter_n but_o the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n precept_n and_o return_v of_o election_n of_o burgess_n and_o citizen_n for_o such_o burrough_n and_o city_n as_o they_o think_v meet_v by_o authority_n

and_o power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o and_o by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n issue_v to_o sheriff_n for_o every_o county_n before_o every_o parliament_n enjoin_v they_o in_o these_o word_n tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la injungentes_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la duos_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr qualibet_fw-la cititate_fw-la duos_fw-la cives_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n duos_fw-la burgess_n at_o discretioribus_fw-la 231.232_o etc._n etc._n sinâ—_n dilatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la ad_fw-la dictos_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la venite_fw-la facias_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o general_a indefinite_a clause_n use_v in_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n ever_o since_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o without_o design_v what_o particular_a city_n or_o burrough_n by_o name_n within_o each_o county_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v cause_v to_o elect_n or_o send_v two_o citizen_n or_o two_o burgess_n but_o leave_v it_o whole_o to_o each_o sheriff_n liberty_n and_o discretion_n to_o send_v the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n he_o please_v thereupon_o every_o sheriff_n use_v a_o kind_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o general_a clause_n according_a as_o his_o judgement_n direct_v or_o his_o assertion_n favour_n partiality_n malice_n or_o the_o solicitation_n of_o any_o private_a burrough_n to_o he_o or_o of_o competitor_n for_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n place_n within_o his_o county_n sway_v he_o this_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o some_o sheriff_n in_o several_a county_n return_v more_o burrough_n and_o burgess_n then_o their_o predecessor_n other_o few_o some_o omit_v those_o burrough_n return_v by_o their_o predecessor_n other_o cause_v election_n and_o return_v to_o be_v make_v for_o such_o new_a burrough_n which_o never_o elect_a or_o send_v any_o before_o nor_o after_o their_o sherivalty_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o return_v annis_n 28.33_o e._n 1._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o diuâ—n_n anno_fw-la 26._o e._n 1._o for_o yorkshire_n anno_fw-la 33_o e._n 1._o for_o oxfordshire_n anno_fw-la 28._o of_o e._n 1._o for_o hampshire_n annis_n 33._o and_o 34._o of_o e._n 3._o for_o somerset_n annis_n 25.27_o and_o 28._o h._n 6_o for_o wilts_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o writ_n or_o memorial_n of_o any_o extant_a on_o record_n for_o elect_a knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n be_v those_o of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3d_o but_o these_o writ_n only_o command_v that_o the_o sheriff_n cause_n to_o come_v two_o knight_n etc._n etc._n of_o each_o county_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n lincoln_n and_o other_o burrough_n of_o england_n to_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n for_o each_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n the_o like_a writ_n be_v also_o issue_v to_o sandwich_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n without_o express_v their_o name_n or_o number_n in_o each_o county_n and_o this_o form_n i_o conceive_v say_v mr._n pryn_n continue_v till_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._n when_o the_o aforecited_a general_a clause_n authorise_v and_o entrust_v every_o sheriff_n to_o cause_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o be_v elect_v etc._n etc._n out_o of_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o his_o county_n be_v first_o put_v into_o the_o writ_n by_o authority_n and_o colour_n whereof_o every_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n of_o his_o county_n he_o please_v f._n i_o have_v with_o patience_n hear_v this_o long_a history_n of_o mr._n prins_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n from_o which_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o make_v bold_a to_o differ_v for_o though_o i_o own_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o industry_n in_o matter_n of_o record_n yet_o i_o doubt_v he_o be_v often_o too_o quick_a in_o take_v up_o of_o opinion_n upon_o slender_a ground_n therefore_o for_o the_o answer_n of_o he_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o the_o improbability_n of_o his_o supposition_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o no_o other_o confutation_n then_o what_o his_o own_o book_n will_v afford_v we_o as_o to_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n return_v and_o other_o thing_n he_o lay_v so_o much_o stress_n upon_o in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o sheriff_n send_v precept_n to_o what_o city_n and_o burrough_n they_o please_v and_o consequent_o make_v as_o few_o or_o as_o many_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n as_o they_o will_v that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o at_o first_o be_v evident_a from_o those_o very_a writ_n of_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o then_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o any_o more_o than_o to_o the_o county_n but_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n they_o be_v then_o direct_v to_o themselves_o and_o he_o also_o confess_v that_o this_o continue_v so_o from_o that_o time_n till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n i._o so_o that_o all_o this_o while_n be_v about_o 28_o year_n it_o seem_v the_o nomination_n of_o what_o city_n and_o town_n shall_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o sheriff_n but_o upon_o somewhat_o else_o and_o i_o have_v ask_v you_o once_o though_o without_o receive_v any_o answer_n what_o rule_n simon_n montfort_n go_v by_o to_o tell_v what_o city_n and_o burrough_n be_v to_o send_v member_n and_o what_o not_o since_o the_o word_n be_v only_o in_o general_n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la burgo_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o pray_v answer_v i_o now_o if_o you_o can_v m._n i_o conceive_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o city_n simon_n montfort_n send_v to_o those_o that_o be_v ancient_o esteem_v so_o viz._n such_o as_o have_v bishop_n see_v annex_v to_o they_o such_o as_o london_n lincoln_n and_o particular_o name_v in_o these_o writ_n and_o other_o of_o the_o same_o rank_n and_o as_o for_o the_o burrough_n though_o we_o have_v not_o the_o return_n of_o they_o leave_v we_o yet_o i_o suppose_v they_o be_v such_o wall_v or_o other_o town_n as_o be_v of_o some_o considerable_a note_n in_o england_n such_o as_o he_o think_v be_v most_o proper_a for_o his_o turn_n f._n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o rule_n appear_v by_o this_o clear_a proof_n first_o that_o neither_o coventry_n and_o litchfield_n though_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v not_o count_v city_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o nor_o long_v after_o nor_o yet_o ely_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o list_n that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v give_v we_o that_o it_o never_o send_v burgess_n but_o only_o once_o and_o that_o to_o a_o great_a council_n till_o of_o late_a year_n so_o that_o the_o see_v of_o the_o bishop_n be_v it_o seem_v no_o general_a rule_n to_o make_v place_n capable_a of_o send_v or_o not_o send_v of_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o to_o burrough_n that_o be_v pure_a imagination_n that_o none_o but_o considerable_a or_o wall_a town_n send_v any_o burgess_n at_o first_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o list_n of_o return_n which_o mr._n pryn_n have_v here_o give_v we_o of_o the_o 26_o and_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v the_o first_o extant_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v except_o those_o of_o 23d_o which_o i_o have_v never_o yet_o see_v beside_o the_o shire_n town_n of_o the_o county_n there_o be_v return_n of_o a_o great_a many_o small_a burrough_n which_o never_o have_v any_o wall_n nor_o yet_o for_o aught_o as_o we_o can_v find_v have_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a to_o make_v they_o be_v pircht_v upon_o to_o send_v burgess_n more_o than_o other_o but_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o by_o and_o by_o only_o shall_v remark_n this_o much_o that_o there_o must_v have_v have_v be_v some_o other_o rule_v beside_o montfort_v own_o will_n for_o all_o this_o and_o what_o this_o rule_n can_v be_v unless_o a_o ancient_a prescription_n in_o those_o town_n to_o send_v member_n i_o desire_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n will_v show_v any_o good_a reason_n or_o authority_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o after_o the_o 23d_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o when_o mr._n prin_fw-mi suppose_v that_o the_o sheriff_n by_o this_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o this_o new_a authority_n of_o send_v precept_n to_o and_o make_v burrough_n of_o what_o town_n they_o please_v this_o can_v not_o in_o the_o first_o place_n extend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v before_o that_o county_n of_o themselves_o such_o as_o london_n york_z bristol_n etc._n etc._n nor_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_a and_o

that_o charter_n be_v lose_v they_o desire_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o from_o the_o king_n whereupon_o he_o by_o this_o commission_n direct_v a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n to_o several_a gentleman_n and_o other_o therein_o mention_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o say_a burgess_n have_v enjoy_v all_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v by_o the_o say_a charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n or_o not_o which_o will_v have_v be_v ridiculous_a if_o the_o king_n and_o council_n have_v be_v satisfy_v that_o no_o city_n and_o burroughs_n scent_n any_o member_n to_o parliament_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o not_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o this_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o barâ—staple_n be_v one_o of_o mr._n prin_n modern_a burrough_n for_o which_o he_o can_v find_v no_o precept_n or_o return_v early_o than_o the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o though_o no_o doubt_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o their_o petition_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n it_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n many_o age_n before_o though_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n do_v thus_o claim_v by_o prescription_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n have_v always_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n may_v appear_v by_o another_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n extant_a on_o the_o parliament-roll_n of_o the_o 51th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o 45._o which_o i_o shall_v contract_v and_o put_v into_o english_a out_o of_o french_a recite_v thus_o because_o of_o common_a right_n in_o the_o roll_n de_fw-fr commune_fw-la dâ—oit_fw-fr of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v elect_v two_o from_o every_o county_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commune_fw-la of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o also_o the_o prelate_n duke_n baron_n count_n baron_n and_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o barony_n which_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v summon_v by_o writ_n to_o come_v to_o parliament_n except_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o ought_v to_o elect_a from_o among_o themselves_o such_o as_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o commons_o than_o claim_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o common_a right_n that_o be_v by_o common_a law_n or_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n as_o much_o as_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n 2._o that_o neither_o the_o bishop_n lord_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o authority_n to_o impose_v tax_n or_o make_v law_n for_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n or_o these_o for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o their_o consent_n because_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o in_o parliament_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o will_v have_v be_v absolute_o convince_a can_v we_o have_v see_v this_o charter_n of_o k._n athelstans_n but_o since_o the_o townsman_n of_o barnstaple_n do_v only_o in_o their_o petition_n among_o other_o set_v forth_o this_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o who_o can_v tell_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o their_o charter_n or_o not_o since_o they_o confess_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o or_o grant_v it_o be_v as_o they_o set_v forth_o yet_o be_v will_v sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o right_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o parliament_n be_v not_o as_o you_o suppose_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o government_n but_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n f._n as_o to_o these_o objection_n we_o can_v have_v but_o all_o the_o proof_n that_o this_o subject_n be_v capable_a of_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n but_o if_o i_o be_v a_o juryman_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v rather_o believe_v that_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n have_v such_o charter_n not_o long_o before_o they_o make_v this_o petition_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o clause_n therein_o as_o they_o here_o set_v forth_o than_o that_o these_o townsman_n shall_v be_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o desire_v a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n from_o he_o of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o which_o this_o of_o elect_v burgess_n be_v one_o if_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o such_o clause_n in_o it_o at_o all_o but_o as_o for_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o than_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o right_a of_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o grant_n and_o charter_n of_o former_a king_n it_o be_v very_o fallacious_a as_o you_o will_v find_v if_o you_o consider_v and_o compare_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o they_o i_o prove_v to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n itself_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o as_o for_o the_o priesthood_n and_o nobility_n in_o general_n to_o have_v be_v as_o old_a as_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o now_o though_o you_o grant_v that_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n our_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o also_o the_o make_n of_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z who_o make_v the_o temporal_a nobility_n in_o those_o great_a council_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o king_n be_v thus_o entrust_v by_o the_o people_n with_o this_o prerogative_n of_o name_v and_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la and_o also_o of_o create_v those_o great_a man_n now_o mention_v that_o therefore_o all_o the_o right_a either_o order_n have_v to_o appear_v at_o those_o council_n not_o only_o proceed_v from_o but_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o king_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v name_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n to_o vacant_a see_v and_o abbey_n or_o make_v any_o alderman_n earls_z and_o thanes_z or_o not_o but_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o government_n into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n by_o destroy_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whether_o you_o believe_v the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n will_v have_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o king_n to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o innovation_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o most_o of_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n and_o see_v if_o it_o do_v not_o exact_o agree_v with_o this_o parallel_a case_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n since_o as_o there_o be_v priest_n and_o noble_n who_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o our_o great_a council_n do_v not_o owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o king_n but_o bring_v it_o with_o they_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o to_o who_o suffrage_n the_o first_o saxon_n king_n owe_v their_o election_n so_o no_o doubt_n be_v there_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n so_o considerable_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v think_v â—it_a to_o pitch_v upon_o they_o as_o most_o able_a to_o send_v representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o so_o they_o may_v imitate_v their_o old_a government_n in_o their_o own_o country_n in_o which_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n have_v always_o a_o considerable_a share_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o german_a diet_n to_o this_o day_n though_o the_o king_n may_v then_o as_o he_o be_v now_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o make_v new_a city_n and_o burrough_n with_o like_a privilege_n with_o the_o old_a one_o though_o this_o be_v but_o rare_o practise_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n i._o the_o two_o university_n be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n on_o which_o he_o confer_v this_o privilege_n by_o charter_n of_o elect_v and_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n which_o power_n have_v i_o confess_v be_v exercise_v even_o to_o a_o grievance_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o his_o son_n and_o grandson_n so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n pass_v that_o no_o new_a city_n or_o burrow_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a without_o a_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n now_o i_o will_v very_o glad_o hear_v what_o you_o can_v further_o say_v to_o so_o many_o weighty_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o if_o they_o be_v compare_v and_o consider_v in_o series_n of_o time_n that_o neither_o edw._n 2d_o or_o 3d_o nor_o their_o judge_n or_o learned_a council_n no_o nor_o the_o parliament_n

statute_n of_o provisor_n and_o praemunire_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a record_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o henry_n iu_o and_o henry_n v._o that_o they_o never_o intrude_v the_o crown_n with_o a_o absolute_a power_n of_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n but_o only_o for_o a_o time_n as_o till_o the_o next_o parliament_n or_o long_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o so_o much_o time_n to_o give_v you_o so_o many_o precedent_n at_o length_n i_o shall_v only_o tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o main_a instance_n you_o rely_v upon_o viz._n the_o king_n dispense_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o sheriff_n that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o law_n appear_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o 28._o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o whereby_o those_o sheriff_n that_o have_v hold_v their_o office_n for_o more_o than_o a_o year_n be_v pardon_v likewise_o in_o the_o act_n of_o edw._n iu._n there_o be_v a_o like_a statute_n pardon_v those_o sheriff_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o the_o realm_n have_v hold_v for_o above_o a_o year_n yet_o nevertheless_o confirm_v all_o former_a act_n concern_v sheriff_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o this_o hold_v as_o far_o as_o the_o six_o of_o henry_n viii_o which_o be_v long_o after_o the_o judgement_n you_o mention_v in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n of_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o england_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o there_o be_v then_o a_o act_n make_v which_o recite_v all_o the_o former_a statute_n about_o sheriff_n as_o then_o in_o full_a force_n it_o enact_v that_o the_o sheriff_n and_o under_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n may_v continue_v to_o occupy_v their_o office_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o under_o sheriff_n and_o other_o sheriff_n officer_n in_o london_n do_v without_o any_o penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n for_o the_o same_o the_o say_a act_n or_o any_o other_o act_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o from_o all_o which_o statute_n i_o think_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o neither_o the_o sheriff_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n nor_o the_o whole_a parliament_n when_o that_o act_n be_v make_v do_v believe_v the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o dispense_v with_o the_o act_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o concern_v sheriff_n for_o if_o they_o have_v certain_o it_o have_v be_v much_o easy_a and_o cheap_a for_o they_o to_o have_v obtain_v the_o king_n dispensation_n than_o to_o have_v get_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o m._n i_o believe_v you_o may_v have_v cite_v these_o statute_n right_a enough_o but_o yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a proof_n against_o so_o solemn_a a_o opinion_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n 2_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o whatever_o the_o parliament_n may_v have_v declare_v in_o the_o case_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a statute_n i_o confess_v carry_v some_o authority_n with_o it_o yet_o ought_v it_o not_o to_o be_v countervale_v by_o so_o solemn_a a_o judgement_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o king_n be_v constant_a exercise_n of_o this_o prerogative_n not_o only_o since_o but_o before_o that_o time_n and_o that_o without_o any_o question_n or_o dispute_v with_o the_o parliament_n about_o it_o as_o in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v already_o put_v of_o the_o statute_n that_o forbid_v any_o welshman_n be_v a_o officer_n in_o wales_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v divers_a other_o case_n of_o like_a nature_n such_o as_o the_o statute_n against_o a_o judge_n go_v the_o circuit_n in_o his_o own_o country_n as_o also_o those_o statute_n that_o prohibit_v the_o king_n from_o grant_v pardon_n to_o person_n convict_v nay_o condemn_v for_o murder_n with_o several_a other_o penal_a statute_n i_o can_v name_v be_v though_o the_o king_n hand_n be_v tie_v up_o by_o particular_a clause_n of_o nonobstante_a yet_o have_v his_o majesty_n and_o his_o predecessor_n at_o all_o time_n exercise_v their_o prerogative_n of_o dispense_n in_o all_o those_o case_n notwithstanding_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n with_o non-obstantes_a to_o the_o contrary_a and_o though_o i_o grant_v you_o have_v give_v i_o several_a precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n sometime_o restrain_v the_o king_n in_o this_o exercise_n of_o the_o dispense_v power_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o th_n reign_n when_o i_o grant_v the_o law_n first_o begin_v to_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o since_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n be_v the_o only_a rule_n of_o law_n we_o can_v have_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o case_n of_o dispensation_n be_v by_o they_o adjudge_v and_o ever_o since_o settle_v and_o own_a for_o law_n without_o the_o least_o dispute_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o question_v it_o now_o but_o as_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o which_o you_o urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n to_o the_o contrary_a since_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o vii_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o reach_v the_o point_n in_o question_n for_o the_o act_n you_o now_o cite_v seem_v to_o i_o no_o more_o than_o a_o private_a act_n for_o the_o sheriff_n of_o brestol_n alone_o who_o be_v it_o seem_v afraid_a to_o rely_v upon_o the_o king_n dispensation_n because_o they_o think_v they_o too_o chargeable_a to_o be_v take_v out_o as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v need_n of_o they_o do_v think_v it_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o charge_n and_o trouble_v to_o pass_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o indemnify_v themselves_o which_o i_o grant_v put_v that_o matter_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n but_o since_o this_o act_n of_o henry_n the_o viii_o i_o find_v no_o contest_v between_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n about_o his_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o penal_a law_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o when_o i_o grant_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o do_v address_v to_o his_o majesty_n that_o penal_a statute_n in_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a can_v be_v suspend_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o also_o the_o last_o address_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o 1685._o against_o the_o king_n dispense_n with_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n their_z holding_z employment_n without_o take_v the_o oath_n and_o test_n according_a to_o the_o act_n whereby_o they_o be_v appoint_v but_o these_o be_v only_o against_o the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_n with_o law_n ecclesiastical_a as_o concern_v liberty_n of_o conscience_n can_v no_o way_n be_v extend_v to_o their_o except_v against_o the_o king_n power_n of_o dispense_n with_o divers_a other_o penal_a law_n i_o will_v not_o say_v all_o which_o have_v non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la in_o they_o f._n since_o i_o see_v not_o only_o your_o opinion_n but_o also_o that_o of_o most_o of_o the_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n of_o england_n concern_v this_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n dispensation_n with_o penal_a law_n have_v be_v chief_o if_o not_o only_o found_v upon_o that_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o king_n henry_n vii_o i_o be_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o examine_v the_o validity_n of_o that_o judgement_n for_o if_o that_o can_v be_v prove_v not_o to_o have_v be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o elâ—e_v never_o give_v at_o all_o i_o suppose_v you_o must_v grant_v that_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o all_o other_o who_o have_v found_v their_o opinion_n upon_o this_o adjudge_v cause_n of_o hen._n the_o vii_o be_v mistake_v now_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o argue_v a_o little_a with_o you_o in_o point_n of_o reason_n 43._o if_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v good_a when_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n a_o nonobstante_a be_v declare_v void_a what_o do_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n signify_v in_o such_o a_o case_n must_v we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o void_a clause_n but_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o put_v in_o do_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o who_o draw_v this_o act_n of_o the_o 23_o d_o of_o henry_n the_o vi_o as_o also_o those_o act_n concern_v sheriff_n understand_v this_o clause_n of_o nonobstante_a to_o be_v void_a when_o they_o put_v it_o in_o if_o it_o be_v so_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n why_o do_v the_o king_n pass_v this_o act_n without_o any_o refusal_n or_o protestation_n against_o it_o certain_o it_o be_v then_o think_v otherwise_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o

atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d willem_n ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d alle_fw-mi my_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d on_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o lâ—mbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abtâ—â—uit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobardâ—rum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la lâ—ndevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o

soccage_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o numerous_a that_o what_o room_n nay_o what_o field_n or_o place_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n or_o how_o can_v any_o business_n have_v be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a f._n so_o than_o you_o yourself_o must_v also_o grant_v that_o when_o all_o your_o great_a and_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o person_n parliament_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o they_o be_v now_o since_o according_a to_o the_o dr.'s_n catalogue_n out_o of_o dooms-day-book_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o english_a history_n vol._n 1_o of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o serjeanty_n that_o hold_v all_o the_o land_n in_o every_o county_n of_o king_n william_n they_o do_v beside_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n altogether_o amount_v to_o about_o 700._o and_o these_o in_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o by_o forfeiture_n and_o new_a conveyance_n from_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o those_o other_o way_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v may_v be_v multiply_v into_o twice_o as_o many_o more_o and_o those_o also_o of_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v the_o port_n of_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n or_o knight_n since_o 15_o pound_n a_o year_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o reckon_v as_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o he_o that_o have_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v knight_v and_o if_o so_o i_o pray_v according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n how_o can_v so_o great_a a_o assembly_n be_v manage_v as_o of_o about_o 3000_o or_o 4000_o person_n without_o strange_a confusion_n and_o disorder_n but_o upon_o our_o principle_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o more_o absurdity_n or_o inconvenience_n than_o in_o you_o for_o either_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n burgess_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v always_o represent_v by_o knight_n and_o citizen_n as_o they_o be_v now_o or_o else_o these_o baron_n of_o county_n appear_v for_o themselves_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o freeholder_n of_o good_a estate_n who_o be_v not_o so_o numerous_a or_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o imagine_v the_o freehold_a land_n in_o england_n be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o few_o hand_n in_o comparison_n to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o and_o for_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v sir_n h._n spelman_n of_o my_o side_n who_o in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v under_o barones_n câ—â—itatus_fw-la express_o tell_v we_o hoc_fw-la nomine_fw-la contineri_fw-la videtur_fw-la antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la omnis_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d â—eodalium_fw-la specier_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la quovis_fw-la comitara_fw-mi degentium_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempÃ¨_fw-la &_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d domini_fw-la nÃ¨c_fw-la non_fw-la liberÃ¨_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundorum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglicÃ¨_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superiÃ¹â—_n dictum_fw-la est_fw-la normidum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la liberÃ¨_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nec_fw-la tam_fw-la â—iles_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d fuisse_fw-la nÃ¨c_fw-la tam_fw-la vulgares_fw-la ut_fw-la hodiÃ¨_fw-la deprehonduntur_fw-la na_o villa_n &_o dominia_fw-la in_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d hareditates_fw-la non_fw-la dum_fw-la distrahebant_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la vidimus_fw-la in_o hibernia_n penes_fw-la se_fw-la retinentes_fw-la agros_fw-la per_fw-la precarios_fw-la excolebant_fw-la &_o adscriptitio_n so_o that_o you_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n then_o believe_v that_o the_o manor_n and_o great_a freehold_n in_o england_n be_v not_o then_o parcele_v out_o into_o so_o many_o small_a share_n as_o you_o imagine_v and_o that_o such_o inferior_a baron_n whether_o they_o hold_v in_o caâ—â—â—e_n or_o not_o arch._n be_v also_o call_v proceres_fw-la see_v the_o law_n of_o henry_n i._n chap._n 25._o the_o title_n whereof_o be_v de_fw-fr privilegits_n procerum_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o law_n run_v thus_o si_fw-mi exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la inter_fw-la homines_fw-la allcusus_fw-la baronum_fw-la foenam_fw-la habentium_fw-la tractâ—tur_fw-la placitum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la now_o that_o this_o socha_n be_v no_o more_o than_o soc._n in_o old_a saxon_a see_v spel._n gloss._n tit._n soc._n i._n e._n secta_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o titulo_fw-la socha_n vel_fw-la dicitur_fw-la soc._n a_o saxon_a socâ—_n i._o e_fw-la libertas_fw-la franchesia_n &_o vide_fw-la manerium_fw-la qd_n dicitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la soca_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la &_o barones_n have_v court_n baron_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o lord_n though_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavaâ—ours_n but_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o suppose_v that_o these_o lord_n of_o manor_n and_o great_a freeholder_n whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o may_v amount_v in_o all_o to_o 5_o on_o 6000_o person_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o assembly_n may_v not_o be_v as_o orderly_a and_o well_o manage_v as_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 4000_o suppose_v your_o great_a baron_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v than_o make_v about_o that_o number_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o most_o business_n or_o act_n of_o any_o consequence_n and_o for_o which_o parliament_n be_v call_v may_v be_v prepare_v and_o draw_v up_o by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n before_o they_o meet_v so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v few_o inconvenience_n and_o improbability_n attend_v my_o hypothesis_n than_o you_o m._n that_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a together_o with_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n i_o have_v very_o good_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n but_o that_o any_o feudatory_a baron_n or_o tenant_n of_o a_o lesser_a degree_n ever_o have_v any_o place_n or_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n i_o think_v you_o can_v give_v i_o no_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a mr._n p._n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v 110._o give_v we_o two_o modern_a quotation_n the_o one_o out_o of_o mr._n câ—â—den's_n britannia_n the_o other_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v it_o as_o for_o the_o former_a it_o be_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o the_o britannia_n first_o publish_v in_o quarto_n the_o word_n be_v these_o verum_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la non_fw-la imbus_fw-la videatur_fw-la qua_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatim_fw-la moliara_fw-it &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la 16._o &_o thani_fw-la saxombus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la caperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erat_fw-la paulo_fw-la autem_fw-la postea_fw-la mean_v after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n eo_fw-la honoris_fw-la pervenit_fw-la ut_fw-la nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la qâ—â—dammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continerentur_fw-la but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o learned_a author_n in_o his_o last_o edition_n of_o this_o work_n in_o folio_n be_v sensible_a of_o his_o mistake_n have_v add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la before_o ordines_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o now_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o they_o be_v now_o understand_v mr._n p'_v other_o quotation_n be_v out_o of_o mr._n selden_n note_n upon_o rancorous_a 168._o where_o comment_v on_o the_o word_n barones_n he_o say_v vocabulum_fw-la nempe_fw-la alio_fw-la notione_fw-la usurpari_fw-la quam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la neque_fw-la eos_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la hodie_fw-la significare_fw-la quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o then_o conceal_v this_o that_o follow_v which_o make_v direct_o against_o he_o sed_fw-la universos_fw-la qui_fw-la regiae_n munificentiae_fw-la ad_fw-la formulam_fw-la juris_fw-la nostre_fw-fr clientelaris_fw-la quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la villae_fw-la regiae_n glebam_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsum_fw-la tantum_fw-la modo_fw-la regem_fw-la spectat_fw-la tenure_n en_fw-fr chief_n phrasi_fw-la forensi_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sive_fw-la tenura_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la lati_fw-la fundiâ—_fw-la pessidebant_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o he_o express_o restrain_v this_o word_n barones_n to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o though_o your_o author_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n do_v mr._n selden_n give_v we_o any_o other_o description_n of_o a_o baron_n v._n i_o mean_v such_o who_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o parliament_n but_o such_o in_o the_o sense_n that_o be_v take_v in_o henry_n i._o his_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o matt._n paris_n siquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la aliorm_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la i._n e._n one_o who_o be_v either_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n or_o great_a baron_n or_o otherwise_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la f._n mr._n p._n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o you_o make_v he_o

in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v to_o have_v be_v only_o nominal_a and_o not_o real_a baron_n and_o if_o so_o commoners_z or_o else_o he_o must_v extend_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o person_n for_o so_o many_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v very_o well_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o same_o i_o may_v likewise_o say_v as_o to_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o mr._n selden_n for_o by_o the_o word_n quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la in_o ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v but_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o he_o no_o where_o affirm_v that_o none_o but_o these_o appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n for_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o that_o supposition_n since_o beside_o these_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 8._o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o divers_a other_o order_n of_o man_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n about_o the_o time_n when_o you_o suppose_v this_o marvellous_a alteration_n to_o have_v happen_v his_o word_n be_v these_o et_fw-la sub_fw-la iis_fw-la viz._n regibus_fw-la deuce_n comites_fw-la barones_n magnates_n sive_fw-la vavassores_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o villani_n &_o deversa_fw-la potestates_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la constitutae_fw-la and_o a_o little_a far_o sunt_fw-la &_o alti_fw-la potentes_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la barones_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la robur_n belli_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la vavassores_fw-la viri_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d dignitatis_fw-la from_o which_o word_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o he_o here_o make_v the_o magnates_n and_o the_o vavassores_fw-la or_o feudatory_a tenant_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o also_o rank_n they_o before_o the_o milites_fw-la now_o whether_o these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la â—norum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgÃ²_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâ—pissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n sic_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la ebaraco_n de_fw-fr cestria_n de_fw-la warwico_fw-la de_fw-mi so_o feversham_n &_o plurium_fw-la villaram_fw-la regiis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la insignium_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tum_fw-la in_fw-it gallia_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o baron_n of_o county_n be_v no_o more_o than_o lord_n of_o manor_n i_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v for_o socna_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr or_o court_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o here_o arise_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o lesser_a baron_n we_o now_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o call_v medmesse_n thegnes_fw-la and_o burgh_n thegnes_fw-la by_o the_o saxon_n till_o they_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d on_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v barones_n regni_fw-la baron_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o general_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la in_o that_o age_n and_o be_v such_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n call_v by_o matt._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n baronagium_n or_o communitas_fw-la baronagit_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n to_o crowd_n in_o new_a and_o unknown_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n your_o baron_n of_o county_n city_n and_o town_n who_o since_o you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v there_o be_v then_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v serve_v instead_o of_o they_o and_o these_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v not_o barones_n regis_fw-la but_o regni_n or_o terrae_fw-la 161._o forsooth_o i._n e._n of_o the_o land_n or_o kingdom_n whereas_o we_o never_o have_v any_o true_a barones_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenor_n here_o in_o england_n this_o if_o you_o deny_v you_o must_v deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n of_o tenure_n as_o tenura_n de_fw-fr terra_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la or_o whether_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n that_o hold_v a_o estate_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la whether_o forfeiture_n or_o escheat_n be_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o fealty_n be_v swear_v or_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o a_o earl_n be_v invest_v or_o gird_v with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n use_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v do_v by_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o thus_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o do_v to_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o by_o they_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_a note_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o baron_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n his_o baron_n only_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v and_o of_o which_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n always_o create_v by_o investiture_n of_o robe_n or_o other_o ceremony_n be_v summon_v by_o particular_a write_n

have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v Ã _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d Ã _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberÃ¨_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o Ãºnderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n

good_n and_o the_o citizen_n burgess_n and_o tenant_n of_o the_o king_n demeasâ—s_n which_o weâ—e_v likewise_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v a_o twenty_o part_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v of_o the_o community_n they_o have_v â—aid_v a_o thirty_o part_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n and_o therefore_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d most_o certain_a that_o even_o at_o this_o time_n viz._n the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n they_o weâ—e_v not_o take_v to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o câ—pite_fw-la serjeanty_n or_o at_o least_o the_o military_a man_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n be_v only_o such_o f._n as_o to_o this_o last_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v i_o need_v give_v you_o no_o other_o answer_n to_o it_o than_o a_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o the_o â—â—ctor_n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o read_v you_o at_o large_a 37._o together_o with_o his_o learned_a comment_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v for_o the_o collect_v of_o this_o twenty_o and_o thirty_o part_n grant_v in_o the_o thirty_o four_o you_o have_v now_o mention_v tâ—e_v writ_n run_v this_o militibus_fw-la libeâ—is_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o â—oti_fw-la communitati_fw-la comitatus_fw-la middlesex_n tum_fw-la inâ—ra_fw-la libertaâ—â—s_fw-la quam_fw-la â—xtra_fw-la sâ—lutem_fw-la cum_fw-la archiâ—piâ—coâ—i_fw-la episâ—â—pi_n abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barâ—nes_fw-la milites_fw-la labâ—ri_fw-la homines_fw-la ac_fw-la communitâ—tâ—s_fw-la coâ—itatuum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la tricesimâ—m_fw-la â—m_n â—um_fw-la boâ—orum_fw-la suorum_fw-la tâ—mporâ—lium_fw-la mâ—bilium_fw-la ciuâ—sque_fw-la &_o burgenâ—â—s_n ac_fw-la communitaâ—â—s_fw-la omnium_fw-la civitâ—â—â—m_fw-la &_o burgorum_n ejusdâ—m_fw-la regâ—i_fw-la ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d tenentes_fw-la de_fw-fr dominion_n nosâ—â—is_fw-la vicesimâ—m_fw-la bonorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la mobilium_fw-la curiâ—liter_fw-la concessâ—runt_fw-la &_o gratantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o lest_o we_o shall_v happen_v to_o mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n thâ—_n doctor_n himself_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o this_o learned_a comment_n upon_o they_o as_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v say_v in_o this_o record_n that_o the_o archbishop_n 34._o bishop_n earls_z baron_n abbot_n prior_n knight_n and_o freeman_n and_o community_n of_o county_n give_v a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o good_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o member_n and_o sit_v in_o this_o parliament_n and_o so_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n that_o the_o citizen_n burgess_n and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burgh_n give_v a_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o there_o but_o these_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o the_o knight_n and_o freemen_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o that_o the_o community_n of_o county_n and_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o community_n of_o city_n and_o burgh_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n 1._o as_o be_v most_o clear_a from_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o lincolnshire_n and_o so_o consequent_o for_o the_o rest_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v tell_v i_o whether_o there_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a record_n against_o the_o doctor_n opinion_n than_o this_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n who_o be_v these_o knight_n freemen_n and_o commons_o who_o grant_v this_o 26_o the_o and_o 30_o the_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n in_o the_o 34_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n the_o lawful_a representative_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o general_n as_o well_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o by_o inferior_a military_a service_n as_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o any_o other_o tenure_n or_o who_o be_v these_o representative_n but_o man_n choose_v out_o of_o all_o sort_n aâ—_n well_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v as_o you_o have_v not_o do_v hitherto_o that_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burough_n in_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n at_o least_o be_v choose_v either_o for_o county_n or_o city_n and_o though_o i_o find_v your_o doctor_n have_v a_o utter_a aversion_n to_o the_o word_n commons_o and_o therefore_o will_v needs_o translate_v the_o word_n communitates_fw-la by_o community_n and_o not_o commons_o yet_o if_o you_o be_v to_o render_v those_o word_n the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n city_n and_o burough_n into_o our_o law-latin_a i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o other_o word_n you_o can_v make_v use_n of_o but_o these_o in_o this_o record_n viz._n communitaâ—es_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d civiâ—atum_n &_o burgâ—rum_fw-la so_o that_o to_o conclude_v if_o in_o the_o 28_o 34_o and_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_z the_o first_o aâ—l_v the_o commons_o give_v by_o the_o same_o represâ—ntatâ—ves_n as_o they_o do_v now_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o do_v so_o too_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n before_o that_o time_n and_o pray_v take_v notice_n also_o that_o here_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demeâ—n_n give_v likewise_o by_o themselves_o and_o can_v not_o be_v charge_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o therefore_o as_o mr._n lâ—mbard_n in_o his_o archeâ—on_n very_o well_o observe_v this_o prescription_n of_o not_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o county_n must_v be_v very_o ancient_a siâ—ce_n theâ—e_n be_v no_o land_n at_o that_o time_n reckon_v as_o ancient_n demesne_n which_o have_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o â—rown_n before_o the_o make_n of_o doomsday_n book_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v the_o constant_a use_n of_o the_o word_n communitâ—s_n and_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d common_a come_v after_o comiâ—es_n and_o barones_n to_o express_v the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n will_v weigh_v much_o with_o i_o have_v i_o not_o good_a reason_n to_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n now_o take_v before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o from_o which_o time_n i_o suppose_v it_o be_v discontinue_v â—till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o for_o which_o i_o can_v give_v you_o very_o good_a proof_n when_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v show_v i_o by_o any_o record_n or_o statute_n that_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n summon_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n i_o allow_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o mention_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n in_o any_o old_a statute_n before_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_n and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v be_v ofâ—en_o use_v to_o express_v the_o commons_o after_o that_o time_n yourself_o own_o they_o be_v equivocal_a and_o therefore_o when_o put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v give_v may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o be_v the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o those_o day_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o inclineâ—_n to_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o have_v search_v the_o old_a statute_n very_o exact_o and_o can_v find_v any_o mention_n of_o the_o word_n commons_o in_o the_o plural_a much_o less_o of_o knight_n citizens_z or_o burgess_n till_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰_d tallagio_n nâ—n_v concedâ—â—do_v make_v in_o the_o 34_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o wherein_o i_o grant_v they_o be_v express_o mention_v and_o as_o for_o writ_n of_o summons_n you_o can_v produce_v none_o till_o the_o 23_o d._n of_o this_o king_n to_o summon_v they_o to_o parliament_n though_o i_o shall_v show_v one_o by_o and_o by_o that_o the_o doctor_n have_v find_v out_o of_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o whereby_o he_o prove_v they_o be_v then_o summon_v after_o about_o twenty-six_o year_n discontinuance_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o if_o you_o can_v by_o any_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o they_o be_v there_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_n except_o once_o or_o in_o edward_n the_o 1_o st_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o f._n i_o confess_v your_o doctor_n have_v not_o only_o excee_v all_o other_o man_n but_o himself_o too_o in_o this_o rare_a discovery_n for_o whereas_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyâ—'s_n book_n he_o be_v content_a to_o follow_v sir_n william_n dugdale_n and_o make_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v first_o summon_v to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o to_o have_v commence_v by_o mâ—â—ford's_n rebellion_n and_o so_o to_o have_v still_o

of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o

be_v particular_a direction_n since_o by_o the_o general_a writ_n of_o summons_n provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o minor_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o only_o the_o more_o discreet_a be_v then_o summon_v nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o preamble_n the_o least_o hint_n or_o intimation_n of_o any_o writ_n direct_v to_o county_n city_n or_o burgh_n for_o the_o choice_n of_o member_n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o britton_n who_o live_v about_o that_o time_n suppose_v this_o statute_n to_o have_v be_v make_v 95._o per_fw-la la_fw-fr purveance_n de_fw-fr robert_n walerand_n &_o per_fw-la commune_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr graunt_n signior_n du_fw-fr realm_n by_o the_o procurement_n or_o forecast_n of_o robert_n walerand_n and_o by_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o have_v a_o great_a many_o more_o such_o statute_n to_o instance_n in_o which_o be_v say_v by_o m._n paris_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o several_a parliament_n of_o this_o king_n by_o the_o community_n or_o common_a university_n or_o baronage_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o i_o pass_v they_o by_o because_o we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v most_o of_o they_o already_o f._n if_o only_o some_o of_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v thus_o meet_v and_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o so_o tame_o put_v up_o this_o strange_a infringement_n of_o their_o privilege_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o seem_v their_o power_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o 37_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n when_o as_o i_o say_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o baron_n will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v then_o omit_v to_o summon_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o doctor_n opinion_n nor_o yet_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n that_o this_o king_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n call_v or_o omit_v what_o peer_n he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n year_n abbot_n and_o prior_n in_o full_a parliament_n 2_o rich._n 2._o wherein_o they_o claim_v that_o hold_v per_fw-la baronium_n it_o do_v belong_v to_o they_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o be_v by_o right_n of_o prescription_n to_o be_v present_a in_o all_o parliament_n as_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o treat_v consult_v and_o ordain_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n claim_v this_o privilege_n sure_o the_o temporal_a baron_n may_v with_o the_o like_a right_n have_v make_v the_o like_a claim_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v high_o derogatory_n to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o maintain_v that_o the_o king_n either_o have_v or_o ever_o have_v the_o power_n of_o call_v and_o leave_v out_o what_o lord_n he_o please_v and_o so_o to_o make_v pack_v parliament_n to_o serve_v a_o turn_n when_o ever_o he_o please_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o your_o argument_n that_o because_o the_o more_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o great_a as_o well_o of_o the_o lessâ—r_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n that_o therefore_o there_o be_v only_o call_v to_o it_o such_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v leave_v out_o which_o be_v a_o very_a idle_a supposition_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o temporal_a baron_n there_o at_o all_o and_o that_o by_o the_o great_a discreet_a mâ—n_z be_v to_o be_v understand_v some_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o judge_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v then_o the_o most_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o any_o person_n at_o that_o time_n and_o consequent_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o discreet_a to_o draw_v up_o law_n and_o by_o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o discreet_a man_n shall_v be_v understand_v such_o great_a clerk_n and_o lawyer_n though_o not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v as_o be_v likewise_o most_o able_a to_o advise_v he_o but_o if_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o this_o interpretation_n be_v force_v i_o may_v as_o well_o say_v the_o same_o of_o you_o and_o that_o with_o great_a reason_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o parliament_n be_v summon_v in_o no_o other_o manner_n and_o consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o those_o that_o use_v to_o appear_v in_o all_o other_o precede_v great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o must_v put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o bare_a pen_n of_o the_o different_a form_n of_o ancient_a statute_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o nor_o by_o what_o power_n they_o be_v enact_v some_o of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a be_v draw_v in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n charter_n or_o writ_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o assent_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o and_o other_o be_v say_v to_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o whole_a realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o list_n of_o divers_a old_a statute_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n iii_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o make_v either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n i_o think_v but_o will_v grant_v that_o these_o statute_n be_v all_o make_v and_o agree_v to_o by_o 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be_v also_o mean_v the_o representatives_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o alone_a can_v be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n may_v appear_v by_o compare_v this_o statute_n with_o another_o make_v at_o gloucester_n the_o 6_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o these_o word_n purvenant_n mâ—sm_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr pour_fw-fr amendment_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr royalme_n &_o pur_fw-it pluis_fw-it plenier_n exhibition_fw-la de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr sicome_n le_fw-fr profit_n d'office_n demand_n appelles_fw-la les_fw-fr pluis_fw-it discretes_n the_o son_n royalme_n auxibien_fw-fr des_fw-fr greindres_n come_v des_fw-fr meindres_n establie_o est_fw-la &_o acordan'ment_n ordain_v so_o that_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o call_v to_o this_o parliament_n and_o if_o by_o the_o greindres_n discretes_n be_v understand_v the_o lord_n then_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n under_o meindres_n discretes_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o

to_o examine_v this_o quotation_n because_o i_o confess_v it_o seem_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thorough_o examine_v will_v make_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o you_o 301._o and_o to_o this_o end_n pray_v let_v we_o read_v the_o dr_n observation_n on_o this_o passage_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormaunicum_fw-la f._n but_o you_o need_v not_o read_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n since_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o the_o dr._n as_o that_o by_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinus_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o this_o author_n render_v they_o who_o the_o dr._n here_o write_v against_o the_o chief_a 301._o or_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o condition_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o both_o order_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o the_o dr._n here_o will_v have_v it_o that_o these_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v only_o bishop_n â—_o abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n only_o and_o the_o procene_n and_o magnate_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n alone_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o produce_v several_a quotation_n out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n malmsbury_n eadmer_n to_o prove_v that_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v at_o these_o council_n yet_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la and_o primate_fw-la do_v not_o in_o their_o proper_a signification_n signify_v none_o but_o bishop_n or_o dignify_v clergyman_n on_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n only_o since_o these_o word_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o chief_a principal_n or_o most_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n dignity_n or_o estate_n any_o place_n in_o our_o general_n council_n at_o that_o time_n and_o which_o do_v certain_o comprehend_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n also_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v bold_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v then_o there_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o divers_a province_n city_n and_o great_a to_n m._n well_o but_o pray_v see_v here_o do_v not_o the_o dr._n prove_v plain_a enough_o that_o this_o gentleman_n he_o write_v against_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o translation_n ibid._n and_o apply_v the_o word_n provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la for_o chief_a layman_n from_o divers_a country_n city_n and_o burrough_n whereas_o the_o dr._n here_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n mention_v in_o this_o passage_n can_v here_o mean_v layman_n send_v from_o county_n to_o city_n but_o only_o the_o bishop_n who_o seat_n be_v here_o call_v urbes_fw-la and_o which_o as_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o be_v by_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1077._o be_v the_o 11_o of_o king_n william_n translate_v from_o village_n to_o city_n as_o be_v sherburn_n in_o dorsetshire_n remove_v to_o sarum_n selsey_n to_o chichester_n litchfield_n to_o chester_n which_o be_v before_o this_o council_n at_o westminster_n cite_v by_o sulcardus_n 302._o which_o this_o author_n place_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o dr._n here_o far_o prove_v from_o these_o word_n follow_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiâ—e_fw-la that_o this_o universal_a synod_n be_v call_v for_o hear_v and_o handle_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o christian_a church_n that_o these_o word_n every_o christian_a church_n must_v certain_o mean_v many_o church_n in_o england_n which_o in_o reason_n and_o probability_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o small_a parish-church_n all_o the_o nation_n over_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o cathedral_n or_o churches_n where_o bishop_n seat_n than_o be_v or_o where_o they_o have_v be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o comment_n of_o your_o doctor_n before_o we_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v i_o grant_v he_o that_o by_o urbes_fw-la may_v here_o be_v mean_v such_o city_n as_o have_v bishop_n seat_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v signify_v no_o other_o city_n or_o town_n but_o bishop_n seat_n only_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v in_o the_o modern_a acceptation_n of_o this_o word_n vrbs_fw-la here_o in_o england_n a_o city_n and_o a_o bishop_n seat_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o then_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n you_o mention_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v remove_v from_o village_n to_o city_n nor_o it_o seem_v be_v all_o of_o they_o so_o remove_v at_o this_o council_n you_o mention_v since_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o from_o this_o very_a place_n here_o cite_v that_o some_o of_o they_o still_o remain_v in_o villis_fw-la &_o vicis_fw-la in_o village_n and_o small_a town_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v here_o say_v dilatum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la audientiam_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la bella_fw-la gerebat_fw-la â—and_v though_o the_o dr._n here_o suppose_v though_o i_o know_v not_o on_o what_o ground_n that_o the_o person_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n to_o this_o synod_n from_o province_n and_o city_n be_v such_o as_o be_v concern_v or_o able_a to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n whither_o the_o removal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o dean_n arch-deacon_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n and_o church_n officer_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o great_a nobility_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n present_a in_o those_o assembly_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o doctor_n that_o even_o in_o his_o own_o supposition_n all_o city_n have_v not_o yet_o bishop_n seat_n annex_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n vrbibus_fw-la can_v mean_v bishop_n seat_n alone_o but_o any_o other_o great_a or_o wall_a to_n but_o the_o worst_a of_o it_o be_v it_o fall_v out_o very_o unlucky_o for_o the_o dr._n that_o this_o charter_n we_o now_o mention_v bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1075._o two_o year_n before_o this_o law_n for_o remove_v bishop_n see_v to_o city_n be_v make_v so_o that_o all_o his_o learned_a comment_n on_o that_o matter_n signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o doctor_n very_o rational_a conclusion_n which_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o his_o own_o fancy_n to_o support_v they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n pray_v observe_v the_o dr._n own_v that_o by_o these_o principes_fw-la universi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o chief_a clergyman_n and_o nobility_n he_o there_o muster_v up_o but_o pass_v by_o or_o else_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o whole_a context_n of_o these_o word_n hii_fw-la autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempori_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o refer_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la to_o the_o chief_a and_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v alike_o summon_v from_o divers_a country_n and_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o this_o synod_n now_o pray_v do_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n tell_v i_o if_o he_o can_v what_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a nobleman_n be_v then_o summon_v from_o city_n or_o great_a town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n which_o if_o you_o can_v do_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o understand_v these_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o the_o country_n and_o city_n for_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o those_o city_n and_o town_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o think_v the_o dr._n be_v as_o much_o out_o in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o cause_n of_o every_o cathedral_n church_n since_o it_o must_v certain_o mean_v not_o only_a cathedral_n church_n but_o all_o other_o church_n whether_o parochial_a or_o conventual_a for_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o latter_a appear_v by_o one_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o summon_n this_o council_n which_o be_v chief_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o cathedral_n church_n and_o yet_o must_v be_v some_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a corporation_n or_o else_o this_o synod_n can_v have_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o general_a

i._o it_o signify_v only_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la till_o after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o that_o king_n f._n i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v prepossession_n and_o prejudice_n have_v so_o much_o overrun_v you_o as_o to_o hinder_v you_o from_o close_v with_o the_o truth_n for_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o author_n can_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o when_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v without_o dispute_n comprehend_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o parliament_n under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o proâ—eres_fw-la and_o magnate_v and_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o next_o passage_n cite_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n why_o may_v not_o other_o writer_n do_v so_o too_o in_o other_o parliament_n as_o for_o your_o next_o exception_n it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a cavil_v for_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o summons_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o king_n edward_n relic_n be_v to_o a_o parliament_n by_o the_o word_n that_o follow_v nobiles_fw-la ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertractare_fw-la and_o why_o these_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v not_o be_v as_o well_o elect_v by_o their_o respective_a city_n and_o burrough_n this_o year_n as_o well_o as_o the_o last_o as_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v by_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n which_o the_o dr._n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v give_v we_o register_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a argument_n to_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o you_o objection_n against_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o 54_o the_o henry_n 3_o d_o it_o be_v altogether_o as_o unreasonable_a since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n alter_v not_o only_a when_o writer_n shift_v their_o phrase_n but_o when_o they_o do_v not_o and_o that_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o parliament_n roll_v of_o those_o time_n be_v all_o perish_v and_o to_o deny_v the_o commons_o be_v there_o only_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v altogether_o as_o unjust_a as_o for_o any_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o turn_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o actual_a and_o long_a possession_n of_o a_o estate_n mere_o because_o his_o write_n and_o evidence_n by_o the_o carelessness_n or_o roguery_n of_o his_o servant_n have_v happen_v a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v lose_v or_o burn_v but_o full_o to_o convince_v you_o if_o possible_a that_o dr._n bradyes_n opinion_n of_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v again_o summon_v from_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n of_o his_o own_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o express_a authority_n both_o of_o historian_n and_o record_n and_o to_o come_v to_o plain_a proof_n pray_v in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v notice_n that_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o i._o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o rebellion_n of_o lewellyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n dorso_fw-la that_o he_o have_v de_fw-la consilio_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la resolve_v god_n willing_a to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o welsh_a rebellion_n so_o that_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v resolve_v upon_o at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v the_o year_n before_o and_o now_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n a_o war_n which_o that_o valiant_a and_o fortunate_a prince_n effectual_o conclude_v by_o the_o total_a subdue_a of_o wales_n and_o kill_v of_o lewellyn_n who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v to_o london_n the_o particular_n of_o which_o war_n knighton_n as_o well_o as_o other_o historian_n relate_v at_o large_a 2463._o and_o also_o that_o present_o after_o david_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o lewellyn_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o mischief_n be_v as_o this_o author_n show_v we_o in_o magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n condemn_v and_o afterward_o hang_v draw_v and_o quarter_v walsingham_n be_v more_o short_a in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o parliament_n only_o say_v 51._o that_o in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o i._o habitum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la at_o shrewsbury_n in_o which_o this_o david_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o before_o but_o thomas_n wike_v who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n in_o his_o chronicle_n 111._o but_o now_o cite_v will_v better_o instruct_v we_o than_o either_o walsingham_n or_o knighton_n and_o his_o account_n of_o this_o parliament_n be_v as_o follow_v anno_fw-la 1282._o circa_n festum_fw-la sti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la rex_fw-la convocari_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la salopesberiam_fw-la majores_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o fecit_fw-la illuc_fw-la addaci_fw-la david_n qui_fw-la apud_fw-la rothelan_n fuerat_fw-la captivatus_fw-la ut_fw-la super_fw-la exigentiam_fw-la delicti_fw-la '_o svi_fw-la corpore_fw-la subiret_fw-la judicium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o relate_v at_o large_a the_o manner_n of_o his_o execution_n from_o which_o passage_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o author_n make_v it_o plain_a who_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o who_o constitute_v this_o great_a parliament_n at_o shrewsbury_n viz._n majores_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o last_o as_o i_o have_v now_o often_o prove_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o citizen_n m._n but_o yet_o this_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o sapientiores_fw-la tam_fw-la de_fw-la civibus_fw-la quam_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la be_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n wherein_o lewellyn_n be_v condemn_v now_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o these_o ciâ—es_n be_v elect_v or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o burgess_n choose_v for_o the_o burrough_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o knight_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n there_o be_v indeed_o magnate_v call_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o they_o may_v be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n well_o then_o since_o you_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v without_o direct_a and_o evident_a proof_n such_o as_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o dr._n b._n will_v i_o hope_v deny_v pray_v take_v this_o which_o mr._n petyt_n have_v not_o long_o since_o communicate_v to_o i_o and_o which_o he_o have_v late_o discover_v in_o rotulo_n walliae_fw-la in_o a_o bye_n roll_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o body_n as_o i_o know_v of_o before_o ibid._n it_o be_v a_o formal_a writ_n of_o 11_o the_o edward_n i._o for_o summon_v the_o temporal_a lord_n to_o be_v with_o that_o king_n at_o a_o collequy_n or_o parliament_n opud_fw-la salop_n in_o crastino_n sti._n michaelis_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o roll_v a_o second_o write_v direct_v to_o several_a city_n and_o burrough_n for_o elect_v two_o citizen_n and_o two_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n with_o a_o void_a space_n to_o insert_v more_o name_n ibid._n and_o also_o a_o three_o write_v be_v there_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o every_o county_n in_o england_n to_o cause_n to_o be_v choose_v two_o knight_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la and_o last_o there_o be_v a_o 4_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n with_o the_o same_o preamble_n to_o each_o of_o they_o all_o be_v command_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n now_o what_o can_v dr._n brady_n say_v to_o this_o that_o he_o who_o be_v so_o long_a keeper_n of_o these_o record_n and_o sure_a aught_o to_o have_v peruse_v they_o as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o same_o reign_n yet_o have_v either_o wilful_o or_o careless_o pass_v by_o this_o so_o memorable_a a_o record_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v convince_v you_o for_o the_o future_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v over_o positive_a in_o a_o opinion_n because_o it_o can_v not_o present_o be_v confute_v and_o let_v you_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o summons_n will_v appear_v as_o well_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n reign_v have_v not_o those_o record_n be_v lose_v and_o destroy_v which_o consider_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v god_n for_o those_o that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n have_v yet_o leâ—t_v we_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v tell_v i_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o yet_o thought_n can_v be_v

in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n i._n and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n or_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n shall_v have_v ever_o receive_v this_o petition_n without_o indignation_n and_o a_o severe_a rebuke_n for_o their_o impudence_n if_o all_o the_o world_n theâ—_n know_v as_o certain_o they_o must_v be_v it_o true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o fifty_o year_n before_o the_o 8_o of_o ed._n ii_o who_o from_o thence_o have_v appear_v no_o more_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o ed._n i._n which_o be_v but_o 24_o year_n before_o the_o delivery_n of_o this_o petition_n a_o time_n which_o must_v have_v be_v then_o fresh_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o most_o of_o the_o king_n council_n there_o present_a whereas_o they_o allow_v this_o general_a claim_n of_o prescription_n and_o every_o person_n though_o but_o mean_o skill_a in_o our_o law_n do_v understand_v a_o general_a prescription_n viz._n Ã _fw-fr tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarium_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la what_o it_o be_v then_o and_o so_o remain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n as_o appear_v by_o our_o ancient_a record_n law-book_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n and_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la 11._o but_o the_o justice_n &_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o very_o well_o know_v which_o so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v by_o uncontrollable_a proof_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n chancellor_z and_o all_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v their_o search_n whereas_o if_o the_o very_a ground_n of_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a as_o it_o must_v have_v be_v if_o neither_o this_o nor_o any_o other_o burrow_n have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o then_o instead_o of_o record_v this_o petition_n and_o answer_n to_o future_a age_n they_o will_v with_o contempt_n and_o indignation_n have_v reject_v it_o nor_o will_v the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n council_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n against_o who_o this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v have_v be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n to_o have_v show_v that_o this_o ancient_a prescription_n not_o only_o of_o this_o but_o of_o all_o other_o burrough_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n and_o fable_n but_o instead_o of_o this_o we_o do_v not_o find_v they_o make_v any_o opposition_n against_o it_o because_o they_o know_v they_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o appear_v at_o divers_a parliament_n before_o that_o time_n 202._o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o prins_n parliamentary_a register_n they_o be_v in_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._n which_o be_v almost_o as_o early_o as_o we_o have_v any_o writ_n of_o summons_n leave_v we_o to_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n in_o this_o 28_o return_n that_o the_o bailiff_n have_v make_v no_o return_n of_o the_o precept_n send_v they_o yet_o this_o plain_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o burrow_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o vain_a thing_n for_o he_o to_o have_v send_v they_o any_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a there_o be_v no_o more_o return_v from_o st._n alban_n leave_v we_o till_o the_o 35th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o yet_o that_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n against_o their_o appearance_n in_o the_o former_a year_n since_o the_o writ_n and_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v in_o loose_a bit_n of_o parchment_n may_v very_o well_o be_v lose_v as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v for_o many_o other_o place_n but_o that_o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n be_v summon_v 7._o and_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o 35th_o of_o edw._n i._n appear_v though_o the_o return_v be_v lose_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o this_o year_n be_v the_o first_o we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o prin_n parliamentary_a register_n for_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o which_o lift_v the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n be_v first_o upon_o the_o roll_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o parliament_n before_o this_o time_n may_v further_o appear_v by_o that_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o writ_n which_o i_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o viz._n that_o they_o be_v to_o have_v their_o experce_n for_o come_v stay_v and_o return_v prout_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la consimili_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la which_o word_n relate_v to_o ancient_a custom_n and_o extend_v to_o st._n alban_n as_o well_o as_o no_o any_o other_o burrow_n there_o mention_v and_o that_o they_o also_o be_v summon_v &_o appear_v in_o primo_fw-la &_o jecundo_fw-la of_o edward_n the_o second_o in_o who_o reign_n this_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v you_o may_v see_v in_o prin_n parliamentary_a register_n both_o three_o and_o four_o part_n 900._o in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o you_o may_v find_v the_o name_n of_o the_o burgess_n return_v in_o the_o first_o and_o five_o of_o this_o king_n as_o they_o may_v have_v be_v see_v also_o in_o the_o second_o have_v not_o the_o return_n as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi then_o acknowledge_v be_v tear_v off_o though_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o appear_v there_o and_o so_o may_v be_v likewise_o lose_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n till_o the_o second_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o when_o we_o find_v they_o appear_v again_o and_o so_o continue_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o this_o day_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n of_o their_o non_fw-la appearance_n from_o the_o defect_n of_o record_n i_o will_v undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o london_n and_o several_a other_o city_n do_v not_o send_v any_o citizen_n to_o parliament_n in_o several_a king_n reign_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o this_o list_n of_o town_n who_o writ_n of_o expense_n we_o now_o mention_v of_o the_o â—5th_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o firstâ—_o where_o london_n and_o most_o other_o great_a city_n be_v omit_v and_o yet_o st._n alban_n be_v in_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a claim_n of_o this_o burrow_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o edward_n the_o second_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n bendâ—llo_n that_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n have_v refuse_v to_o levy_v the_o expense_n for_o ralph_n and_o peter_n picot_n who_o have_v serve_v as_o burgess_n for_o the_o say_a town_n in_o the_o last_o parliament_n whereupon_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n set_v forth_o before_o the_o king_n that_o the_o say_a town_n use_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v with_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o say_a county_n for_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n totis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o free_a burrough_n and_o use_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n which_o have_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n temporibus_fw-la retroactis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o say_a town_n use_v to_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o the_o burgess_n of_o other_o burrough_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o which_o plea_n and_o petition_n of_o the_o say_a burgess_n when_o the_o king_n have_v appoint_v a_o day_n both_o to_o the_o say_a burgess_n and_o bailiff_n of_o the_o abbot_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o in_o chancery_n they_o fail_v at_o the_o day_n appoint_v the_o king_n therefore_o issue_v out_o this_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n to_o summon_v the_o say_a abbot_n and_o bailiff_n to_o appear_v again_o before_o he_o to_o show_v cause_n why_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o peter_n shall_v not_o receive_v their_o expense_n as_o aforesaid_a m._n i_o will_v consider_v further_o of_o this_o argument_n for_o i_o must_v ingenious_o confess_v i_o never_o hear_v or_o understand_v so_o much_o of_o this_o matter_n before_o but_o pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n f._n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o burrough_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o admit_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n but_o that_o also_o that_o it_o be_v the_o belief_n of_o succeed_a parliament_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o call_v to_o mind_v that_o king_n john_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o his_o reign_n make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n

opulent_a city_n such_o as_o canterbury_n lincoln_n exeter_z etc._n etc._n who_o be_v not_o make_v city_n by_o have_v bishop_n see_v annoxt_v to_o they_o but_o be_v such_o long_a before_o christianity_n be_v preach_v to_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v nor_o can_v this_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n extend_v to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n who_o right_n of_o send_v two_o baron_n for_o each_o port_n be_v sure_a very_o well_o know_v and_o settle_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o 3d_o as_o appear_v by_o these_o general_a word_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o writ_n similiter_fw-la mandatum_fw-la est_fw-la singulis_fw-la portubus_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la without_o name_v they_o in_o particular_a so_o that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v sufficient_o know_v what_o port_n be_v thus_o to_o send_v all_o the_o sea_n port_n town_n in_o england_n may_v have_v have_v precept_n send_v they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n who_o have_v at_o first_o their_o summons_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o baylift_n in_o general_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o writ_n find_v direct_v to_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o summon_v each_o of_o they_o to_o send_v burgess_n 246._o till_o the_o 17_o of_o edward_n ad_fw-la as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o show_v you_o so_o that_o in_o all_o these_o election_n and_o return_v be_v above_o 20_o the_o sheriff_n can_v have_v no_o power_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o his_o good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n alone_o as_o this_o author_n will_v have_v it_o but_o to_o come_v to_o that_o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi chief_o insi_v on_o viz._n the_o put_n in_o and_o leave_v out_o divers_a of_o the_o small_a burrough_n in_o so_o many_o king_n reign_n and_o which_o he_o attribute_n whole_o to_o the_o favour_n or_o partiality_n of_o the_o sheriff_n i_o shall_v first_o argue_v against_o the_o improbability_n of_o the_o notion_n and_o then_o shall_v confute_v it_o by_o plain_a proof_n from_o mr._n prin_fw-mi himself_z first_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o likely_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v ever_o trust_v the_o sheriff_n with_o this_o great_a prerogative_n of_o make_v what_o or_o as_o many_o burrough_n as_o he_o please_v in_o a_o county_n since_o that_o can_v not_o be_v then_o do_v without_o some_o particular_a writ_n or_o charter_n for_o otherwise_o this_o have_v make_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n more_o arbitrary_a than_o that_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o it_z he_o have_v in_o those_o reign_v you_o treat_v or_o no_o other_o rule_n to_o go_v by_o than_o his_o own_o humour_n passion_n or_o interest_n nor_o will_v the_o king_n have_v ever_o endure_v such_o a_o innovation_n since_o it_o will_v have_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriffâ—_n to_o have_v make_v as_o many_o burrough_n as_o they_o please_v and_o to_o have_v increase_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o a_o unreasonable_a bulk_n wineh_o be_v against_o all_o rule_n of_o policy_n for_o he_o to_o suffer_v last_o neither_o will_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o themselves_o have_v suffer_v this_o encroachment_n for_o since_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n of_o england_n send_v member_n in_o parliament_n before_o this_o innovation_n of_o the_o sheriff_n begin_v they_o will_v never_o have_v quietâ—â—_n permit_v new_a man_n to_o be_v send_v in_o among_o they_o from_o obscure_a place_n they_o never_o hear_v of_o without_o either_o turn_v they_o out_o themselves_o or_o complain_v to_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n of_o so_o great_a a_o abuse_n m._n but_o what_o can_v you_o say_v against_o direct_a matter_n of_o fact_n have_v not_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o plain_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o the_o sheriff_n do_v in_o those_o time_n exercise_v a_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o matter_n 8._o return_v some_o town_n out_o of_o ill_a will_n only_o to_o charge_v they_o with_o elect_v burgess_n to_o make_v they_o liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o wage_n to_o they_o omit_v other_o also_o out_o of_o spite_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o petition_n of_o the_o townsman_n of_o st._n alban_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v a_o great_a many_o of_o which_o be_v so_o long_o omit_v that_o they_o come_v at_o last_o to_o lose_v all_o right_n of_o send_v any_o more_o 238._o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v again_o revive_v of_o late_a year_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o divers_a burrough_n who_o name_n mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o give_v we_o who_o by_o order_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n in_o 1640._o again_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n pray_v now_o tell_v i_o what_o other_o satisfactory_a account_n can_v be_v give_v for_o the_o make_n of_o so_o many_o new_a burrough_n and_o omit_v so_o many_o old_a one_o but_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n who_o then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o appear_v by_o so_o many_o instance_n he_o have_v here_o give_v we_o f._n well_o since_o the_o improbability_n i_o may_v say_v impossibility_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v not_o satisfy_v you_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o though_o the_o sheriff_n may_v sometime_o abuse_v the_o trust_n commit_v to_o they_o in_o send_v precept_n to_o the_o burrough_n that_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o they_o yet_o that_o for_o all_o this_o they_o never_o exercise_v that_o arbitrary_a power_n you_o fancy_n of_o make_v and_o unmake_v what_o burrough_n and_o consequent_o as_o many_o parliament-man_n as_o they_o please_v now_o to_o prove_v this_o from_o mr._n prin_n own_o instance_n and_o authority_n i_o shall_v reduce_v all_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o abuse_n to_o these_o head_n 1._o the_o favour_n or_o malice_n of_o the_o sheriff_n 2._o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentleman_n who_o desire_v to_o get_v to_o be_v elect_v at_o such_o burrough_n or_o last_o from_o the_o desire_n of_o those_o town_n themselves_o to_o get_v this_o privilege_n among_o they_o of_o elect_v and_o return_v member_n to_o parliament_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o can_v never_o proceed_v from_o the_o favour_n of_o sheriff_n to_o such_o town_n because_o the_o charge_n of_o wage_n to_o the_o burgess_n be_v then_o so_o great_a when_o two_o shilling_n a_o day_n be_v more_o than_o ten_o shilling_n be_v now_o that_o they_o can_v never_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o favour_n to_o have_v this_o charge_n impose_v upon_o they_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o few_o who_o be_v very_o large_a and_o in_o a_o rich_a and_o flourish_a condition_n and_o those_o always_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o sheriff_n have_v this_o power_n commit_v to_o they_o as_o you_o suppose_v by_o that_o general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o send_v summons_n to_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n nor_o can_v the_o sheriff_n if_o they_o will_v have_v long_o continue_v to_o lay_v this_o burden_n upon_o any_o town_n out_o of_o malice_n for_o if_o such_o town_n can_v not_o afford_v this_o extraordinary_a charge_n of_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n they_o may_v have_v escape_v it_o whenever_o they_o will_v either_o by_o make_v no_o return_v at_o all_o to_o their_o precept_n send_v they_o as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o show_v in_o the_o list_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o return_v very_o many_o of_o they_o do_v or_o else_o they_o may_v have_v take_v that_o remedy_n against_o it_o 233._o which_o as_o this_o here_o author_n express_o acknowledge_v divers_a town_n do_v who_o be_v malicious_o charge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o send_v burgess_n when_o both_o unwilling_a and_o unable_a and_o who_o upon_o their_o refusal_n to_o elect_n return_v burgess_n for_o they_o against_o their_o will_n whereupon_o they_o complain_v to_o the_o king_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o abuse_n and_o so_o be_v ease_v of_o this_o charge_n and_o trouble_v or_o else_o ease_v themselves_o other_o burrough_n grow_v very_o poor_a and_o unable_a to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o defray_v their_o expense_n be_v thereupon_o discharge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n who_o make_v special_a return_v in_o their_o favour_n and_o of_o these_o he_o give_v you_o several_a instance_n in_o his_o collection_n of_o return_v for_o the_o county_n of_o buck_n 236._o or_o else_o for_o poverty_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o lancaster_n other_o procure_v perpetual_a or_o else_o temporary_a exemption_n from_o the_o king_n or_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n from_o send_v burgess_n to_o future_a parliament_n and_o upon_o some_o one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o precedent_n ground_n they_o quit_v wave_v or_o lose_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n which_o they_o rather_o repute_v a_o charge_n burden_n and_o oppression_n than_o a_o honour_n and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v as_o a_o remarkable_a instance_n in_o toriton_n in_o devonshire_n 239._o

which_o after_o have_v elect_v and_o return_v burgess_n to_o no_o less_o than_o thirty_o two_o parliament_n 241._o yet_o in_o the_o 42d_o of_o edward_n 3._o upon_o their_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n obtain_v a_o patent_n to_o be_v exempt_v for_o ever_o which_o he_o here_o give_v we_o as_o also_o a_o temporary_a exemption_n from_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o to_o the_o town_n of_o colchester_n for_o five_o year_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o great_a charge_n in_o build_v their_o town-wall_n which_o show_v that_o the_o burgess_n wage_n be_v then_o a_o great_a burden_n upon_o town_n though_o rich_a and_o flourish_a in_o trade_n as_o appear_v by_o colchester_n which_o be_v then_o able_a to_o wall_n their_o town_n at_o their_o own_o expense_n and_o i_o can_v show_v you_o more_o such_o exemption_n as_o these_o be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o be_v many_o more_o such_o than_o what_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o roll_n now_o that_o we_o may_v apply_v what_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o say_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o though_o the_o sheriff_n may_v sometime_o oppress_v some_o town_n by_o send_v precept_n to_o they_o to_o elect_n which_o ought_v not_o have_v send_v member_n to_o parliament_n at_o all_o yet_o that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v new_a burrough_n without_o the_o inhabitant_n consent_n be_v plain_a by_o his_o own_o show_v since_o they_o can_v be_v ease_v of_o that_o charge_n whenever_o they_o please_v and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o ownself_o to_o show_v i_o any_o city_n or_o considerable_a town_n in_o england_n that_o thus_o begin_v first_o to_o send_v citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n not_o but_o that_o some_o town_n may_v complain_v of_o this_o abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n as_o in_o this_o petition_n of_o toriton_n now_o mention_v 2._o where_o they_o set_v forth_o quod_fw-la villa_n praedicta_fw-la ad_fw-la mittend_v aliquos_fw-la homines_fw-la pro_fw-la dicta_fw-la villa_n ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nostra_fw-la onerari_fw-la non_fw-la debtat_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquos_fw-la homines_fw-la praedicta_fw-la villa_n ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nostra_fw-la vel_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la miserit_fw-la nec_fw-la mittere_fw-la consueverit_fw-la ante_fw-la annum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la vicesimum_fw-la primum_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o though_o this_o petition_n be_v false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n since_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o return_v that_o they_o have_v send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n long_o before_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o second_o yet_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o petition_n be_v right_a that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o send_v any_o man_n to_o parliament_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o this_o king_n progenitor_n which_o have_v be_v a_o vain_a plea_n if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o sheriff_n power_n as_o of_o right_a to_o have_v summon_v what_o town_n they_o please_v to_o parliament_n since_o then_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o custom_n plead_v against_o it_o this_o be_v once_o grant_v by_o mr._n prin_fw-mi or_o prove_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n we_o shall_v now_o come_v more_o particular_o to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o several_a town_n may_v come_v to_o be_v put_v in_o or_o lest_o out_o of_o the_o sheriff_n list_n of_o the_o burrough_n without_o grant_v they_o this_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o make_v what_o burrough_n they_o please_v now_o these_o 170_o city_n and_o town_n mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v give_v we_o and_o which_o have_v have_v precept_n send_v they_o at_o any_o time_n may_v be_v divide_v by_o he_o into_o these_o three_o rank_n the_o first_o be_v of_o those_o be_v nine_o in_o number_n which_o he_o say_v never_o make_v any_o return_v to_o the_o precept_n see_v they_o 224._o and_o so_o continue_v to_o send_v no_o member_n to_o this_o day_n except_o christ-church_n now_o these_o nine_o town_n either_o have_v a_o right_a to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o king_n reign_n in_o which_o they_o receive_v those_o precept_n or_o they_o have_v not_o if_o they_o have_v such_o a_o right_n the_o sheriff_n do_v but_o their_o duty_n to_o send_v they_o precept_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burrough_n of_o the_o county_n for_o sure_a they_o have_v some_o rule_n for_o do_v it_o more_o than_o their_o own_o private_a fancy_n since_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o summons_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v deduce_v this_o power_n to_o the_o sheriff_n only_o recite_v aâ—_n qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o de_fw-fr qualibet_fw-la burgo_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v mighty_a uncertain_a if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v then_o very_o well_o know_v what_o town_n be_v then_o city_n and_o what_o burrough_n and_o sure_o these_o nine_o town_n must_v have_v then_o be_v burrough_n in_o reputation_n at_o least_o or_o else_o they_o can_v never_o have_v have_v one_o two_o or_o more_o precept_n send_v they_o as_o mr._n prin_fw-mi here_o own_v they_o have_v and_o they_o may_v have_v have_v many_o more_o such_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v have_v all_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n and_o the_o return_v upon_o they_o be_v preserve_v as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o mislay_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v more_o at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o or_o if_o these_o town_n have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o sheriff_n power_n to_o impose_v it_o upon_o they_o since_o they_o may_v have_v refuse_v it_o if_o they_o please_v and_o so_o take_v it_o either_o way_n nothing_o can_v be_v argue_v from_o the_o loss_n or_o omission_n of_o the_o return_v for_o these_o burrough_n that_o they_o either_o have_v or_o have_v not_o any_o former_a right_n to_o elect_n since_o this_o may_v happen_v from_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o bailiff_n or_o constable_n of_o the_o town_n or_o else_o from_o their_o own_o desire_n to_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o charge_n thus_o in_o the_o 28_o of_o edward_n i._o the_o sheriff_n return_v that_o the_o bailiff_n of_o st._n alban_n have_v make_v no_o return_n of_o his_o precept_n 201._o neither_o be_v there_o any_o return_v of_o such_o precept_n to_o this_o burrow_n all_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n do_v be_v therefore_o follow_v that_o this_o town_n have_v no_o more_o precept_n send_v they_o in_o all_o his_o reign_n when_o i_o have_v show_v you_o the_o contrary_a by_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n in_o the_o 35th_o of_o ed._n i._n or_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n as_o a_o burrow_n but_o what_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n first_o give_v they_o when_o you_o see_v they_o claim_v by_o their_o petition_n to_o ed._n the_o second_o to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o second_o rank_n of_o town_n be_v such_o for_o which_o be_v find_v for_o some_o one_o for_o some_o three_o and_o for_o other_o more_o precept_n with_o return_v of_o election_n make_v thereupon_o and_o yet_o those_o that_o have_v make_v most_o return_v do_v not_o amount_v to_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 1_o 2_o and_o 3._o rich._n 2._o henry_n the_o four_o 5_o and_o 6_o to_o above_o thirteen_o return_v well_o grant_v all_o this_o will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o right_n than_o the_o sheriff_n good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n since_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a and_o be_v willing_a to_o preserve_v it_o they_o may_v have_v petition_v the_o king_n in_o parlialiament_n against_o this_o abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v up_o their_o right_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o trouble_v of_o send_v their_o member_n volenti_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la injuria_fw-la do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o no_o other_o liad_v any_o other_o right_n to_o elect_n but_o what_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o only_o forsooth_o because_o no_o more_o return_v appear_v either_o in_o the_o loose_a bundle_n of_o return_v or_o upon_o the_o clause-roll_n or_o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v never_o any_o more_o election_n and_o return_v make_v than_o what_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o give_v we_o which_o be_v a_o very_a fallacious_a argument_n consider_v how_o imperfect_a those_o bundle_n of_o return_v be_v out_o of_o which_o he_o have_v extract_v they_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o precept_n and_o return_v be_v no_o doubt_n lose_v and_o break_v off_o the_o file_n in_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o record_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o beside_o the_o whole_a bundle_n of_o return_v of_o several_a year_n in_o divers_a king_n reign_v that_o be_v quite_o lose_v or_o so_o mislay_v that_o no_o body_n can_v

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they_o soon_o it_o must_v there_o follow_v that_o the_o sheriff_n make_v all_o these_o burrough_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v do_v well_o here_o to_o add_v that_o they_o never_o elect_v or_o return_v any_o before_o for_o aught_o he_o can_v find_v to_o the_o contrary_a since_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o the_o contrary_n for_o aught_o he_o can_v tell_v if_o the_o return_n of_o the_o sheriff_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o former_a king_n have_v not_o be_v so_o many_o of_o they_o lose_v since_o he_o here_o confess_v there_o be_v no_o original_a writ_n and_o return_v for_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n to_o be_v find_v before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o 3d_o who_o yet_o send_v member_n to_o all_o parliament_n in_o former_a king_n reign_v or_o how_o can_v he_o tell_v but_o divers_a of_o these_o town_n may_v have_v be_v create_v burrough_n by_o the_o king_n special_a writ_n or_o charter_n though_o now_o lose_v or_o perhaps_o unknown_a to_o this_o author_n who_o 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i_o may_v say_v of_o gatton_n in_o surrey_n which_o tho_o mr._n prin_fw-mi will_v have_v but_o to_o be_v a_o new_a burrough_n because_o no_o return_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o it_o by_o the_o sheriff_n till_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n the_o 6_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o certain_a rule_n since_o it_o be_v a_o very_a old_a burrough_n and_o have_v ancient_o be_v so_o considerable_a as_o that_o we_o find_v several_a great_a council_n hold_v at_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n though_o it_o be_v certain_o now_o reduce_v to_o a_o small_a hamlet_n of_o half_a a_o score_n house_n now_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o the_o sheriff_n will_v have_v pitch_v upon_o so_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a a_o place_n as_o this_o to_o make_v a_o burrow_n of_o have_v it_o never_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o that_o time_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o those_o gentleman_n that_o know_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n he_o have_v there_o 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1_o henry_n the_o 5_o which_o do_v but_o recite_v and_o confirm_v this_o ancient_a custom_n so_o that_o this_o trick_n of_o choose_v member_n for_o beeâ—_n and_o ale_n have_v be_v introduce_v but_o of_o late_a age_n viz._n since_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 8_o when_o gentleman_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v for_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o the_o last_o cause_n fall_v off_o itself_o viz._n the_o desire_n of_o such_o small_a town_n to_o elect_n since_o if_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o rather_o loose_v by_o their_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o pay_v they_o their_o wage_n as_o they_o must_v do_v as_o long_o as_o they_o choose_v from_o among_o themselves_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o believe_v

that_o they_o ever_o shall_v desire_v this_o as_o a_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v only_o since_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o good_a old_a law_n for_o wage_n that_o so_o many_o burrough_n which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi hear_v mention_n to_o have_v have_v precept_n again_o send_v they_o of_o late_a year_n to_o elect_a member_n after_o some_o age_n intermission_n desire_v to_o have_v this_o privilege_n renew_v to_o they_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o burrough_n he_o here_o mention_n which_o yet_o certain_o have_v be_v very_o gross_a 238._o and_o contrary_a to_o all_o common_a right_n if_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v not_o then_o believe_v those_o burrough_n to_o have_v a_o have_v high_a right_o by_o prescription_n than_o the_o sheriff_n precept_n give_v they_o as_o for_o the_o last_o rank_n viz._n those_o burrough_n create_v by_o the_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n i_o need_v say_v but_o little_a since_o this_o author_n here_o grant_v such_o 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the_o whole_a populace_n or_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o town_n that_o be_v to_o elect_a before_o but_o to_o show_v you_o from_o the_o very_a statute_n themselves_o that_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o cite_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o ancient_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o original_a than_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o sheriff_n pray_v read_v these_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n he_o have_v here_o quote_v 241._o the_o first_o be_v that_o memorable_a statute_n of_o the_o 5_o of_o richard_n 2d_o 2d_o parl._n c._n 5._o now_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v which_o express_o enact_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v for_o time_n to_o come_v have_v summons_n of_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o henceforth_o as_o before_o to_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o whatever_o person_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n which_o from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v the_o say_a summons_n be_v he_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z prior_n duke_n earl_n baron_n banneret_n knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n of_o city_n burgess_n of_o burgh_n or_o other_o singular_a person_n or_o commonalty_n do_v absent_a himself_o and_o come_v not_o at_o the_o say_a summons_n except_o he_o may_v reasonable_o and_o lawful_o excuse_v himself_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v do_v within_o the_o say_a realm_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o if_o any_o sheriff_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v henceforth_o negligent_a in_o make_v his_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o say_v return_v any_o city_n or_o burrough_n which_o be_v bind_v and_o of_o old_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o manner_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o old_a time_n in_o the_o french_a do_v anciente_a from_o which_o statute_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v as_o suppose_v by_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v a_o like_v right_o to_o have_v summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n spiritual_n and_o temporal_a here_o mention_v second_o that_o by_o these_o word_n have_v be_v accustom_v of_o old_a time_n or_o do_v anciente_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v a_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o if_o the_o bishop_n abbott_n and_o temporal_a lord_n be_v here_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o right_a to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n so_o have_v the_o commons_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o word_n equal_o apply_v to_o all_o the_o order_n here_o mention_v last_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v neglect_v in_o make_v return_n to_o any_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v thus_o bind_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n he_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o all_o time_n past_a or_o do_v anciente_a now_o pray_v tell_v with_o what_o colour_n of_o justice_n the_o sheriff_n can_v be_v thus_o punish_v if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o know_v what_o â—_z and_o burrough_n be_v bind_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n but_o it_o have_v be_v whole_o leave_v at_o the_o sheriff_n discretion_n which_o they_o shall_v summons_n and_o which_o they_o will_v omit_v let_v we_o next_o compare_v this_o with_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o henry_n 6_o c._n 15._o which_o mr._n prin_fw-mi have_v here_o also_o give_v we_o recite_v that_o divers_a sheriff_n of_o county_n have_v sometime_o return_v none_o of_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n lawful_o choose_v to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n but_o such_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v be_v return_v which_o be_v never_o due_o choose_v and_o other_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n than_o those_o which_o by_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailiff_n be_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n return_v and_o moreover_o by_o no_o precept_n to_o the_o mayor_n and_o bailift_n or_o to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o bailiâ—â—i_n where_o no_o mayor_n be_v for_o the_o elect_v of_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o then_o appoint_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o say_a abuse_n and_o neglect_v now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o whether_o this_o bare_a abuse_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n here_o condemn_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o for_o which_o the_o former_a statute_n of_o richard_n ii_o declare_v they_o punishable_a at_o common_a law_n as_o this_o act_n make_v they_o liable_a to_o it_o by_o statute_n law_n can_v give_v they_o such_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o this_o author_n fancy_n much_o less_o can_v serve_v to_o corroborate_v his_o opinion_n as_o he_o here_o suppose_v it_o do_v concern_v the_o true_a original_n continuance_n discontinuance_n revive_v and_o antiquate_v parliamentary_a city_n and_o burrough_n not_o by_o charter_n and_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n or_o prescription_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n arbitrary_a power_n and_o return_v by_o the_o forecited_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o writ_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v dwell_v too_o long_o on_o my_o answer_n to_o mr._n prin_n argument_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o only_o give_v you_o one_o record_n which_o i_o hope_v will_v sufficient_o satisfy_v you_o that_o not_o only_a st._n alban_n but_o several_a other_o ancient_n burrough_n claim_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n which_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n recite_v a_o peâ—ition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o barnstaple_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent-roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n Ã _fw-la tempore_fw-la câ—jus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la non_fw-la exisâ—it_fw-la and_o as_o such_o enjoy_v divers_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n by_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n athelstan_n and_o this_o among_o other_o ac_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la singula_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la nâ—stra_fw-la &_o dictorum_fw-la antecessorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la among_o which_o the_o say_a king_n athelstan_n must_v certain_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o duos_fw-la burgenses_n pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la burgi_n mittere_fw-la solebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o

to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o churchman_n than_o enjoy_v 28015._o when_o it_o be_v suppose_v this_o account_n be_v take_v than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o your_o conqueror_n there_o be_v above_o 28000_o knight_n fee_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o in_o these_o we_o do_v not_o any_o where_o find_v that_o k._n william_n dispossess_v their_o tenant_n of_o their_o estate_n most_o of_o which_o be_v hold_v in_o fee_n under_o they_o and_o those_o tenant_n be_v great_a and_o powerful_a man_n in_o their_o country_n and_o hence_o we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a record_n and_o legier_n book_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n that_o hold_v of_o divers_a bishop_n and_o great_a abbot_n 84._o several_a example_n which_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n henry_n spellman_n title_n baro_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o king_n william_n can_v not_o turn_v all_o these_o man_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n without_o commit_v sacrilege_n and_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n which_o that_o king_n dare_v not_o common_o do_v so_o that_o the_o utmost_a that_o you_o can_v suppose_v he_o can_v do_v be_v to_o take_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o such_o tenant_n of_o the_o church_n who_o have_v take_v part_n with_o king_n harold_n or_o have_v any_o way_n commit_v treason_n against_o himself_o which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o they_o so_o that_o here_o go_v off_o at_o once_o almost_o a_o half_a of_o all_o the_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n which_o the_o king_n do_v never_o dispossess_v the_o ancient_a owner_n of_o to_o these_o may_v be_v also_o add_v all_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n all_o tenant_n in_o socage_n as_o also_o all_o tenant_n in_o gavel_n kind_a which_o in_o those_o day_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o of_o the_o land_n of_o kent_n which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v never_o conquer_v but_o surrender_v upon_o term_n to_o â—are_v their_o ancient_a custom_n and_o tenor_n as_o mr._n cambden_n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o description_n of_o this_o county_n beside_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o other_o county_n by_o the_o same_o tenure_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o mr._n tailor_n be_v history_n of_o gavel_n kind_n all_o which_o be_v not_o tenor_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o register_v in_o domesday_n book_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o owner_n be_v ever_o dispossess_v of_o they_o to_o which_o may_v also_o be_v add_v the_o land_n of_o those_o small_a thanes_z or_o officer_n of_o king_n edward_n who_o name_n be_v find_v in_o domesday_n book_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la to_o all_o these_o we_o may_v also_o add_v all_o such_o norman_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o have_v come_v into_o england_n in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n and_o have_v honour_n and_o land_n give_v they_o by_o he_o have_v continue_v here_o ever_o since_o and_o these_o be_v so_o numerous_a gulielâ—i_fw-la that_o it_o be_v think_v worth_a while_n by_o king_n william_n to_o make_v a_o particular_a law_n concern_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v partake_v of_o all_o the_o custom_n the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o native_a englishman_n and_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n as_o they_o do_v of_o these_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o moâ—ton_n beside_o many_o other_o who_o name_n appear_v in_o doomsday_n book_n and_o not_o only_o these_o man_n but_o also_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n hold_v land_n of_o king_n william_n by_o the_o same_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o they_o have_v former_o pay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o oxford_n for_o example_n but_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o some_o of_o your_o instance_n 93._o as_o when_o you_o say_v that_o king_n william_n give_v away_o whole_a county_n as_o all_o cheshire_n to_o hugh_n lupus_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n to_o suppose_v that_o these_o earl_n have_v all_o the_o land_n mention_v in_o these_o county_n to_o dispose_v of_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o they_o turn_v out_o all_o the_o old_a proprietor_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o several_a instance_n of_o ancient_a english_a family_n who_o have_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o seat_n they_o have_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n so_o that_o you_o see_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o a_o county_n and_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o former_a be_v plain_a but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a it_o general_o imply_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o the_o government_n of_o that_o county_n thus_o whereas_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n doomsday_n say_v only_o that_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o shrewsbury_n &_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la and_o the_o whole_a county_n but_o that_o be_v soon_o explain_v by_o what_o follow_v &_o totum_fw-la dominum_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenebat_fw-la where_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o dominium_fw-la be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o that_o power_n to_o govern_v it_o which_o king_n edward_n have_v for_o otherwise_o the_o grant_n of_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la have_v be_v sufficient_a m._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o ever_o hear_v or_o consider_v before_o concern_v this_o matter_n but_o you_o do_v not_o give_v i_o any_o positive_a proof_n that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o doom_n day_n book_n be_v make_v there_o be_v any_o englishman_n who_o hold_v earldom_n or_o barony_n or_o other_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o great_a man_n so_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v hitherto_o though_o it_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n yet_o be_v no_o positive_a proof_n against_o the_o doctor_n assertion_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v what_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o for_o sometime_o before_o the_o end_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v no_o englishman_n a_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o earl_n in_o england_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o through_o his_o whole_a reign_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o will_v therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v few_o englishman_n who_o when_o domesday_n book_n be_v make_v possess_v any_o land_n in_o england_n but_o that_o in_o part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v many_o english_a earl_n and_o baron_n appear_v by_o above_o a_o dozen_o charter_n cite_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o the_o saxon_a and_o latin_a tongue_n in_o his_o monast._n anglic._n which_o be_v either_o direct_v by_o k._n william_n to_o all_o his_o earl_n and_o thain_n or_o else_o in_o latin_a omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la francigenis_n &_o anglis_fw-la or_o else_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la the_o like_a charter_n also_o appear_v of_o henry_n j._n and_o the_o empress_n maud_n his_o daughter_n so_o that_o if_o francigena_n and_o francus_n signify_v a_o frenchman_n and_o anglus_fw-la and_o englishman_n and_o if_o fidelis_n do_v as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o signify_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o there_o be_v for_o great_a part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n both_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o english_a extraction_n but_o to_o come_v to_o particular_a person_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a name_n in_o doomsday_n book_n as_o also_o by_o several_a recital_n therein_o that_o there_o be_v divers_a english_a

8._o p._n 580_o 581._o w._n all_o burrough_n that_o send_v member_n ancient_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n d._n 8._o p._n 557_o 578._o w._n they_o send_v such_o member_n by_o a_o inherent_a right_n or_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n ib._n p._n 593._o 604._o c_o cain_n w._n he_o forfeit_v his_o birthright_n by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o w._n his_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o prince_n over_o his_o brethren_n ib._n canon_n of_o 1640._o their_o validity_n discuss_v d._n 4._o p._n 284._o to_o 286._o king_n charles_n the_o first_o pretend_v commission_n to_o sir_n philim_n o_o neal_n consider_v d._n 9_o p._n 636_o 637._o great_a charter_n of_o king_n johnâ—_n w._n it_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o that_o king_n or_o else_o make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n d._n 5._o p._n 324._o d._n 7._o p._n 455_o 456._o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n the_o three_o w._n all_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v now_o of_o it_o be_v he_o or_o else_o edward_n i._o his_o charter_n ib._n 461._o child_n how_o far_o and_o how_o long_o bind_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o parent_n d._n 1._o p._n 45._o to_o 52._o christian_n w._n as_o much_o oblige_v to_o suffer_v for_o religion_n now_o as_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n d._n 4â—_n p._n 230._o to_o 234._o chester_n its_o county_n w._n the_o earl_n thereof_o can_v charge_v all_o his_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501._o church_n of_o england_n w._n passive_a obedience_n be_v its_o distinguish_a doctrine_n from_o other_o church_n d._n 4._o p._n 292_o 293._o city_n and_o burrough_n more_o numerous_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n than_o now_o d._n 6._o p._n 379._o to_o 400._o w._n they_o have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o iiid_n d._n 5._o p._n 565_o 572._o whether_o city_n and_o burrough_n have_v not_o always_o have_v representative_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n d._n 7._o p._n 505._o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a who_o they_o be_v d._n 7._o p._n 450.451_o clergy_n a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o d._n 8._o p._n 544_o to_o 550._o w._n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o such_o council_n ibid._n w._n the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n different_a from_o the_o convocation_n ib._n 546_o to_o 558._o commandment_n vth_o in_o what_o sense_n prince_n be_v comprehend_v under_o it_o d._n 2._o p._n 106._o to_o 109_o &_o 111._o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la w._n that_o phrase_n in_o ancient_a record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v not_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o afterward_o d._n 7._o p._n 412_o to_o 415._o w._n that_o phrase_n do_v not_o also_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o peer_n and_o commons_o d._n 6._o p._n 416._o the_o drs._n proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n consider_v 417_o to_o 423._o w._n it_o do_v also_o often_o signify_v the_o commons_o alone_o d._n 8._o p._n 572._o to_o 574._o their_o declaration_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 48th_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 581_o to_o 582._o their_o petition_n to_o henry_n the_o five_o their_o protestation_n in_o parliament_n in_o richard_n the_o second_o time_n 584._o commons_o of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n found_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n and_o goth_n ibid_fw-la 607_o to_o 612._o commons_o their_o request_n and_o consent_n when_o first_o mention_v in_o old_a statute_n d._n 5._o p._n 329._o w._n ever_o summon_v to_o parliament_n from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n the_o three_o to_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n the_o first_o d._n 7._o p._n 522._o commons_o w._n part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 5._o p._n 369_o 372._o the_o word_n commune_v de_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr commune_v do_v frequent_o signify_v the_o commons_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 6._o 423._o d._n 7._o 423_o to_o 484._o common-council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n w._n different_a from_o the_o common-council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 437._o to_o 474._o communitas_fw-la scotiae_fw-la w._n it_o always_o signify_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n p._n 505._o to_o 508._o conquest_n alone_a w._n it_o confer_v a_o right_a to_o a_o crown_n d._n 2._o p._n 128_o 129._o w._n it_o it_o give_v a_o king_n a_o right_n to_o all_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o conquer_a kingom_n d._n 3._o 168._o to_o 170._o w._n any_o conquest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v make_v by_o king_n william_n the_o first_o d._n 10._o p._n 715._o to_o the_o end_n constitution_n of_o clarendon_n their_o title_n explain_v d._n 6._o p._n 430_o 431._o contract_v originel_n w._n there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n d._n 10_o p._n 695_o to_o 709._o d._n 12._o p._n 809_o 8â—3_n convention_n w._n its_o vote_v king_n james_n to_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 809_o to_o 834._o w._n its_o declaration_n of_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a right_n be_v well_o ground_v ibid._n p._n 816_o 832._o w._n it_o be_v vote_v the_o throne_n vacant_a can_v be_v justify_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 883._o w._n whether_o its_o place_n k._n w._n and_o q._n m._n on_o the_o throne_n may_v be_v also_o justify_v by_o the_o say_a constitution_n ibid._n p._n 883_o to_o 894._o w._n it_o be_v make_v a_o act_n exclude_v all_o roman_n catholic_n prince_n be_v legal_a ibid._n p._n 894_o to_o the_o end_n convocation_n book_n draw_v up_o by_o bishop_n overal_n its_o validity_n examine_v d._n 1._o p._n 6_o &_o 8._o copy_n holder_n why_o they_o to_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o election_n to_o parliament_n d._n 5._o p._n 513._o great_a council_n or_o convention_n the_o only_a judge_n of_o prince_n title_n upon_o any_o dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 895._o d._n 13._o p._n 917._o to_o 919_o 924._o council_n of_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n what_o it_o be_v ancient_o d._n 5._o p._n 334._o great_a council_n or_o general_a convention_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n legal_a without_o the_o king_n summons_n d._n 5._o p._n 353._o d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la what_o iâ—_n ancient_o be_v and_o w._n it_o consist_v of_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ibid._n 368._o crown_n w._n it_o can_v by_o law_n be_v ever_o forfeit_v d._n 12._o p._n 833_o 834._o d_o defence_n of_o a_o man_n self_n in_o what_o case_n justifiable_a d._n 3._o p._n 148_o 149._o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n set_v forth_o king_n james_n violation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o nation_n w._n justifiable_a or_o not_o d._n 11._o p._n 816._o to_o the_o end_n private_a divine_n their_o opiâ—nions_n about_o passive_a obedience_n and_o resistance_n of_o what_o authority_n d._n 4._o p._n 291_o 294._o w._n many_o of_o they_o have_v not_o quit_v the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n declare_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v antichrist_n vid._n append._n dispence_v power_n w._n justifiable_a by_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 119_o to_o 828._o dissolution_n of_o all_o government_n w._n it_o necessary_o follow_v from_o the_o convention_n declaration_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 890_o 891._o durham_n w._n its_o bishop_n can_v lay_v tax_n in_o parliament_n on_o the_o whole_a county_n palatine_n without_o their_o consent_n d._n 7._o p._n 501_o 502._o e_o earl_n of_o county_n their_o ancient_a office_n and_o institution_n d._n 5_o p._n 363_o to_o 370._o king_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v w._n any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n follow_v thereupon_o d._n 12._o p._n 158_o to_o 861._o queen_n elizabeth_z w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n ibid._n p_o 872_o 873._o england_n when_o first_o so_o call_v d._n 5._o p._n 362._o englishman_n w._n they_o lose_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 753._o to_o the_o end_n english_a bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n w._n then_o all_o deprive_v of_o their_o honour_n and_o estate_n ib._n 756_o to_o 762._o english_a saxon_n law_n w._n confirm_v or_o abrogate_a by_o k._n william_n d._n 10._o p._n 760._o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n

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