to_o their_o assistance_n such_o discreet_a and_o grave_a person_n of_o the_o say_a county_n or_o town_n and_o shall_v have_v authority_n within_o the_o say_v precinct_n of_o their_o several_a commission_n to_o rate_v the_o stipend_n of_o all_o laborer_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o every_o retainment_n promise_n gift_n or_o stipend_n against_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a act_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o he_o plead_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 39_o elizab._n whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o after_o the_o rate_n make_v and_o ingross_v in_o parchment_n under_o the_o hand_n and_o seal_n of_o those_o authorize_v to_o make_v rate_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o say_a county_n or_o the_o major_n of_o any_o city_n or_o town_n to_o cause_v proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o say_a rate_n in_o so_o many_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v convenient_a etc._n etc._n and_o that_o after_o the_o make_n of_o which_o act_n and_o before_o the_o ten_o of_o june_n in_o the_o say_a act_n specify_v scil_n at_o the_o general_a session_n for_o the_o peace_n hold_v for_o the_o county_n of_o the_o city_n of_o gloucester_n hold_v at_o the_o say_a city_n on_o monday_n next_o after_o easter_n 15_o jacob._n before_o m._n p._n major_a of_o the_o say_a city_n toby_n bullock_n and_o anthony_n robinson_n sheriff_n of_o the_o say_a city_n and_o john_n jones_n and_o many_o other_o justice_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v assign_v ordain_v and_o ratify_v by_o they_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o divers_a other_o discreet_a and_o grave_a person_n callâ—d_v to_o they_o that_o every_o shepherd_n have_v care_n of_o forty_o sheep_n and_o above_o shall_v take_v for_o his_o stipend_n with_o his_o meat_n and_o drink_n in_o money_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la 3_o l._n and_o no_o more_o and_o say_v that_o the_o rate_n for_o the_o say_a stipend_n be_v make_v and_o ingross_v in_o parchment_n under_o the_o hand_n and_o seal_n of_o the_o major_n sheriff_n and_o justice_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o proclamation_n be_v make_v of_o the_o say_a rate_n within_o the_o say_a city_n before_o the_o say_a promise_n and_o agreement_n and_o that_o the_o stipend_n agree_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v exceed_v the_o rate_n of_o 3_o l._n for_o a_o year_n and_o so_o he_o say_v that_o his_o say_a promise_n be_v void_a in_o law_n whereupon_o the_o plaintiff_n demur_v in_o law_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o the_o plea_n be_v utter_o insufficient_a for_o divers_a cause_n it_o be_v not_o aver_v that_o the_o justice_n who_o do_v rate_v the_o wage_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o justice_n then_o resident_a within_o the_o county_n and_o that_o be_v a_o authority_n give_v to_o they_o by_o the_o statute_n which_o repose_v this_o trust_n in_o all_o the_o justice_n or_o at_o least_o in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o this_o authority_n ought_v to_o be_v pursue_v and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o all_o that_o they_o do_v be_v void_a the_o plea_n be_v repugnant_a in_o itself_o for_o the_o rate_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v make_v after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o before_o the_o ten_o of_o june_n in_o the_o same_o act_n specify_v scil_n at_o the_o session_n the_o 15_o jacob._n which_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v so_o for_o the_o ten_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o act_n be_v the_o five_o year_n of_o elizabeth_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a repugnancy_n as_o in_o 21_o h._n 7._o 34._o one_o be_v indict_v of_o felony_n do_v the_o ten_o of_o may_n and_o another_o be_v indict_v for_o that_o he_o do_v suffer_v he_o to_o escape_v the_o first_o of_o may_n wherefore_o he_o be_v discharge_v the_o justice_n ought_v to_o call_v to_o they_o some_o grave_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o city_n and_o it_o be_v not_o allege_v here_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o county_n and_o without_o they_o they_o can_v make_v any_o rate_n for_o the_o statute_n ordain_v 1._o that_o they_o shall_v call_v such_o to_o they_o 2._o that_o they_o shall_v confer_v together_o and_o consider_v of_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n and_o other_o circumstance_n necessary_a to_o be_v consider_v 8_o h._n 7._o 13._o the_o statute_n of_o the_o three_o of_o h._n 7._o do_v appoint_v that_o the_o chancellor_n treasurer_n and_o privy_a seal_n or_o two_o of_o they_o shall_v call_v to_o they_o one_o lord_n spiritual_n and_o another_o temporal_a of_o the_o king_n council_n may_v examine_v maintenance_n etc._n etc._n now_o by_o this_o none_o be_v judge_n but_o the_o say_v three_o and_o the_o other_o but_o assistant_n and_o so_o be_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o edw._n 1._o 12._o of_o error_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n but_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v error_n if_o the_o chancellor_n do_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o assist_v and_o to_o act_v with_o their_o advisement_n because_o the_o statute_n do_v so_o limit_v it_o and_o the_o 14_o ed._n 4._o 1._o which_o say_v that_o the_o chancellor_n call_v to_o he_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o one_o bench_n or_o the_o other_o have_v power_n to_o award_v a_o subpoena_n against_o such_o person_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o chancellor_n himself_o do_v award_v a_o subpoena_n and_o adjudge_v not_o good_a and_o so_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n cap._n the_o 3d._o of_o redisseisin_n which_o ordain_v that_o the_o sheriff_n take_v with_o he_o the_o coroner_n and_o other_o lawful_a people_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o place_n and_o there_o inquire_v etc._n etc._n 23_o assis_n 7._o if_o he_o go_v with_o a_o coroner_n only_o where_o there_o be_v more_o it_o be_v not_o good_a and_o the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o he_o take_v not_o other_o with_o he_o according_a to_o the_o 26_o ed._n 3._o 57_o the_o rate_n be_v only_o for_o a_o shepherd_n have_v care_n of_o forty_o sheep_n and_o above_o and_o do_v not_o allege_v that_o the_o defendant_n have_v keep_v of_o forty_o sheep_n and_o above_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v he_o have_v but_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o rate_n for_o such_o wage_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o rate_n be_v ingross_v in_o parchment_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n but_o there_o be_v no_o place_n allege_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v issuable_a judgement_n judgement_n and_o after_o scil_n hillar_n 16_o jacob._n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n by_o all_o the_o court._n trinit_fw-la 14_o jacob._n the_o king_n and_o richard_n parker_n against_o sir_n john_n webb_n and_o katherine_n his_o wife_n richard_n parker_n as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n as_o himself_o do_v inform_v against_o sir_n john_n webb_n and_o katherine_n his_o wife_n the_o which_o katherine_n the_o 18_o of_o may_n 13_o jacob._n be_v eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o above_o and_o be_v wife_n of_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n the_o which_o say_v katherine_n the_o say_v 18_o of_o may_n and_o always_o after_o until_o now_o be_v a_o inhabitant_n at_o northcharford_a in_o the_o county_n of_o southampton_n from_o the_o say_v 18_o of_o may_n until_o the_o 18_o of_o may_n 14_o jacob._n viz._n for_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o month_n do_v not_o come_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a parish_n church_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o church_n chappel_n or_o usual_a place_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o do_v not_o there_o remain_v at_o the_o time_n of_o common_a prayer_n and_o divine_a service_n but_o for_o all_o the_o say_a time_n do_v voluntary_o and_o obstinate_o without_o any_o reasonable_a cause_n abstain_v from_o the_o same_o contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n whereby_o a_o action_n accrue_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o informer_n to_o have_v of_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n and_o katherine_n 240_o l._n scil_n 20_o l._n for_o every_o month_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o the_o informer_n pray_v a_o moiety_n etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v make_v the_o 16_o of_o jan._n 23_o of_o elizab._n and_o that_o after_o the_o make_v thereof_o viz_o in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 29_o octob._n 28_o elizab._n it_o be_v enact_v that_o every_o offendant_fw-la in_o not_o repair_v to_o divine_a service_n contrary_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 23_o of_o elizab._n who_o thereupon_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v convict_v shall_v pay_v into_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o exchequer_n according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o 20_o l._n for_o every_o month_n which_o shall_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o indictment_n whereupon_o such_o conviction_n be_v have_v and_o also_o for_o every_o month_n after_o such_o conviction_n without_o any_o other_o indictment_n or_o conviction_n shall_v pay_v into_o the_o say_a exchequer_n at_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n so_o much_o as_o shall_v then_o remain_v unpayd_a according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o
ten_o of_o august_n next_o follow_v at_o the_o say_a city_n do_v use_v the_o art_n and_o trade_n of_o starch-making_a and_o that_o he_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n 15_o jacobi_n do_v get_v into_o his_o hand_n by_o buy_v and_o not_o by_o devise_n grant_v or_o lease_n twenty_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n residue_n of_o the_o say_v 400_o quarter_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o convert_v the_o same_o into_o starch_n and_o the_o 20_o october_n in_o the_o same_o year_n do_v convert_v the_o same_o into_o starch_n and_o the_o 26_o of_o october_n do_v sell_v the_o same_o to_o several_a person_n and_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a quarter_n at_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n be_v of_o price_n 36_o s._n but_o whether_o the_o defendant_n be_v guilty_a of_o the_o engross_a aforesaid_a according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o jury_n know_v not_o and_o therefore_o desire_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n but_o if_o otherwise_o etc._n etc._n and_o this_o record_n be_v remove_v into_o the_o kings-bench_n by_o a_o certiorare_fw-la judicium_fw-la judicium_fw-la and_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o informer_n moor_n against_o sir_n george_n reynel_n marshal_n of_o the_o marshalsee_n in_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n wherein_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o he_o the_o 15_o jacobi_n do_v recover_v in_o the_o common-plea_n 240_o l._n debt_n against_o one_o gilbert_n alsop_n and_o 20_o l._n damage_n and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a debt_n do_v prosecute_v the_o say_a gilbert_n by_o several_a judicial_a writ_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o say_a court._n and_o that_o he_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o exigi_fw-la facias_fw-la issue_v out_o of_o the_o say_a court_n the_o next_o term_n after_o the_o say_a judgement_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n and_o returnable_a before_o the_o say_a justice_n quindena_fw-la martini_n that_o the_o say_v gilbert_n the_o 28_o octob._n 15_o jacobi_n be_v outlawed_n in_o the_o say_a city_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o plea_n of_o debt_n aforesaid_a unde_fw-la tunc_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o michaelmas_n 15_o jacobi_n the_o plaintiff_n take_v out_o of_o the_o say_a court_n a_o capias_fw-la ut_fw-la lagatum_fw-la against_o the_o defendant_n then_o to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n direct_v returnable_a octabis_n purificationis_fw-la that_o the_o 8_o octob._n 15_o jacobi_n the_o say_a writ_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o say_a sheriff_n that_o the_o 20_o january_n 15_o jacobi_n the_o sheriff_n take_v the_o say_a gilbert_n and_o hold_v he_o in_o his_o custody_n that_o the_o 23_o januarii_n 15_o jacobi_n a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la be_v award_v to_o have_v the_o dâ—â—â—ndâ—nt_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la etc._n etc._n lunae_fw-la proxim_n post_fw-la crastinam_fw-la purificationis_fw-la at_o which_o day_n he_o come_v to_o the_o say_a court_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o say_a sheriff_n who_o return_v the_o say_v write_v that_o the_o twelve_o of_o february_n the_o defendant_n be_v commit_v by_o the_o say_a court_n to_o the_o marshalsey_n the_o defendant_n then_o and_o yet_o be_v marshal_n nevertheless_o the_o defendant_n the_o thirteen_o of_o april_n 18._o jacobi_n at_o westminster_n do_v suffer_v the_o say_a gilbert_n to_o escape_v against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n he_o be_v unsatisfied_a his_o say_a debt_n and_o damage_n whereupon_o the_o say_a plaintiff_n have_v lose_v his_o say_a debt_n and_o damage_n ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la 300_o l._n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o say_v gilbert_n be_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_v write_v but_o say_v further_o that_o he_o remain_v in_o his_o custody_n from_o the_o aforesaid_a twelve_o of_o febr._n until_o the_o twenty_o seven_o of_o febr._n the_o 16._o jac._n during_o all_o which_o time_n the_o plaintiff_n never_o pray_v to_o have_v the_o say_v gilbert_n in_o execution_n neither_o be_v the_o say_a gilbert_n ever_o commit_v at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o the_o marshalsey_n in_o execution_n for_o the_o say_a debt_n and_o damage_n and_o plead_v further_o that_o the_o twenty_o seven_o of_o febr._n 16._o jac._n the_o say_v gilbert_n do_v escape_v against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o defendant_n which_o be_v the_o same_o escape_n whereon_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v declare_v upon_o which_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n do_v demur_v bridgman_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n i_o conceive_v judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o when_o the_o defendant_n alsop_n in_o the_o first_o action_n be_v take_v by_o the_o capias_fw-la utlagatum_fw-la after_o judgement_n he_o be_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n vide_fw-la coke_n rep._n vernons_n case_n for_o in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o king_n by_o the_o original_a suit_n of_o the_o party_n be_v entitle_v to_o have_v all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n with_o his_o body_n also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o outlawry_n it_o be_v good_a reason_n that_o if_o the_o defendant_n be_v take_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n that_o as_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v benefit_n by_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n so_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v some_o benefit_n by_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n resolve_v by_o the_o court_n that_o when_o he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o capias_fw-la utlagatum_fw-la issue_v out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n he_o shall_v be_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n present_o after_o the_o arrest_n if_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v although_o his_o body_n be_v never_o bring_v into_o the_o court_n and_o although_o the_o court_n do_v not_o commit_v he_o in_o execution_n for_o the_o party_n note_v that_o in_o all_o case_n when_o the_o defendant_n may_v have_v a_o capias_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la and_o the_o party_n defendant_n be_v take_v by_o a_o capias_fw-la pro_fw-la sine_fw-la there_o the_o defendant_n be_v in_o execution_n present_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v without_o any_o prayer_n of_o the_o party_n but_o when_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v judgement_n and_o let_v we_o pass_v his_o time_n so_o that_o he_o can_v present_o neither_o by_o capias_fw-la nor_o by_o fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la but_o be_v drive_v to_o his_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la there_o if_o the_o defendant_n be_v take_v by_o a_o capias_fw-la pro_fw-la sine_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n must_v pray_v that_o he_o may_v remain_v in_o execution_n for_o he_o but_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o such_o prayer_n vide_fw-la 5._o rep._n frost_n case_n 22._o assize_n 74._o if_o one_o condemn_v for_o a_o disseisin_n with_o force_n or_o fee_n be_v take_v for_o the_o fine_a yet_o he_o shall_v not_o go_v at_o large_a if_o the_o party_n pray_v that_o he_o may_v remain_v for_o his_o execution_n and_o in_o 11._o h._n 7._o 15_o when_o the_o party_n may_v have_v execution_n without_o a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la the_o execution_n for_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v pray_v for_o the_o party_n and_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o there_o be_v a_o capias_fw-la in_o the_o original_a but_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v after_o a_o year_n 2._o rich._n 3._o if_o one_o be_v take_v for_o a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n within_o the_o year_n and_o the_o king_n pardon_v he_o yet_o he_o may_v remain_v for_o the_o party_n and_o so_o in_o this_o case_n i_o conceive_v that_o gilbert_n be_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o party_n and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v prove_v he_o in_o execution_n from_o whence_o he_o escape_v by_o the_o default_n of_o the_o defendant_n so_o this_o action_n do_v well_o lie_v also_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v charge_v the_o defendant_n with_o a_o escape_n 13._o april_n 18._o jacobi_n and_o the_o defendant_n plead_v a_o escape_n the_o 27._o febr._n 16._o jacobi_n which_o be_v a_o year_n and_o two_o day_n before_o the_o escape_n allege_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o which_o the_o defendant_n have_v make_v no_o answer_n and_o although_o he_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o escape_n which_o make_v the_o plea_n good_a where_o the_o time_n be_v not_o material_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o in_o this_o case_n for_o here_o it_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o defendant_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v have_v pray_v he_o in_o execution_n so_o long_o as_o he_o remain_v in_o prison_n but_o it_o may_v be_v he_o make_v his_o prayer_n afterward_o viz._n between_o the_o 27._o febr._n 16._o jac._n and_o the_o 13._o april_n 18._o jac._n as_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v in_o this_o case_n and_o then_o the_o averment_n of_o the_o defendant_n be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n also_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o he_o remain_v in_o prison_n from_o the_o twelve_o of_o february_n 15._o until_o the_o seven_o and_o twenty_o of_o february_n 16._o jacobi_n during_o which_o time_n the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o pray_v he_o in_o execution_n in_o which_o case_n
profit_n thereof_o as_o in_o collier_n case_n 6_o rep._n where_o one_o devise_v land_n to_o his_o wife_n and_o with_o the_o profit_n that_o she_o shall_v bring_v up_o his_o daughter_n and_o that_o after_o her_o death_n the_o estate_n shall_v remain_v to_o his_o brother_n pay_v to_o other_o person_n 40_o s._n and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n be_v 3_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o agree_v there_o that_o the_o brother_n have_v a_o fee-simple_n and_o this_o diversity_n be_v resolve_v in_o that_o case_n that_o if_o the_o devise_n have_v be_v to_o the_o brother_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o he_o shall_v maintain_v his_o daughter_n with_o the_o profit_n or_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o profit_n thereof_o so_o much_o to_o one_o and_o so_o much_o to_o another_o that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n for_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v no_o loss_n so_o be_v it_o if_o it_o be_v to_o pay_v certain_a sum_n yearly_a under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n for_o he_o may_v pay_v it_o out_o of_o the_o profit_n and_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v no_o loser_n and_o this_o be_v in_o effect_v our_o very_a case_n for_o first_o the_o charge_n be_v impose_v for_o dower_n which_o can_v be_v intend_v to_o exceed_v the_o annual_a value_n of_o the_o land_n second_o it_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o charge_n impose_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o devisee_fw-mi but_o only_o upon_o the_o land_n devise_v to_o he_o so_o that_o he_o take_v the_o land_n with_o this_o charge_n and_o when_o his_o estate_n determine_v in_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o charge_n do_v always_o remain_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o the_o devisee_fw-mi be_v discharge_v thereof_o and_o therefore_o this_o charge_n may_v as_o well_o be_v if_o he_o have_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n as_o if_o he_o have_v a_o fee-simple_n and_o as_o to_o that_o in_o boraston_n case_n 3_o rep._n foe_o 20._o b._n between_o w._n allock_n and_o hammond_n where_o a_o copyholder_n devise_v his_o land_n pay_v to_o his_o daughter_n and_o to_o each_o of_o his_o young_a son_n 40_o s._n within_o two_o year_n after_o his_o death_n and_o surrender_v according_o and_o die_v and_o agree_v that_o the_o devisee_fw-mi have_v a_o estate_n in_o fee_n although_o the_o annual_a profit_n exceed_v the_o money_n that_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o it_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o â—â—e_z land_n or_o profit_n but_o be_v a_o payment_n in_o gross_a and_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o the_o devisee_fw-mi may_v die_v before_o he_o can_v receive_v so_o much_o of_o the_o profit_n and_o afterward_o viz._n trinit_fw-la 17_o jacob._n all_o the_o baron_n scil_n tanfield_n bromley_n and_o denham_n deliver_v their_o opinion_n several_o that_o henry_n and_o michael_n lock_v have_v a_o estate_n only_o for_o their_o life_n because_o there_o be_v no_o express_a word_n in_o the_o devise_n to_o make_v any_o great_a estate_n to_o pass_v and_o the_o condition_n or_o clause_n of_o the_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o wtill_o do_v not_o necessary_o imply_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o great_a estae_n than_o for_o life_n for_o such_o estate_n may_v satisfy_v both_o these_o clause_n as_o well_o as_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n and_o the_o condition_n be_v more_o proper_a to_o be_v annex_v to_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n then_o in_o fee_n judgement_n judgement_n wherefore_o they_o resolve_v that_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o because_o sir_n thomas_n muschamp_n one_o of_o the_o plaintiff_n dye_v hang_v the_o action_n no_o judgement_n can_v be_v enter_v trinit_fw-la 16_o jacob._n wood_n against_o searl_n and_o jeo_n in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o that_o the_o defendant_n the_o 16_o of_o december_n 15_o jacob._n ten_o hide_n of_o leather_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n amount_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n at_o tiverton_n do_v take_v and_o carry_v away_o ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la 20_o l._n etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n as_o to_o the_o force_n and_o arm_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o as_o to_o the_o residue_n they_o say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n be_v and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o that_o within_o the_o say_a city_n there_o be_v and_o for_o all_o the_o say_a time_n be_v a_o society_n of_o the_o art_n of_o cordwainer_n incorporate_a by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n assistant_n warden_n and_o commonalty_n of_o cordwainer_n of_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n and_o that_o the_o say_a master_n assistant_n and_o warden_n have_v use_v for_o all_o the_o say_a time_n to_o make_v by-law_n for_o the_o government_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o say_a society_n and_o to_o impose_v reasonable_a fine_n and_o punishment_n upon_o the_o breaker_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o 24_o of_o july_n 44_o elizab._n the_o master_n assistant_n and_o warden_n do_v ordain_v that_o no_o person_n burgess_n or_o foreigner_n not_o be_v a_o brother_n of_o the_o say_a society_n shall_v make_v sell_v or_o offer_v to_o sell_v or_o procure_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o the_o aforesaid_a city_n of_o exon_n the_o county_n or_o liberty_n thereof_o any_o boot_n shoe_n pantofle_n pump_n or_o startop_n or_o any_o other_o ware_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a art_n under_o pain_n of_o forfeit_v to_o the_o say_a master_n and_o warden_n for_o the_o time_n be_v for_o every_o offence_n such_o sum_n not_o exceed_v 40_o s._n as_o shall_v be_v assess_v by_o the_o master_n warden_n and_o assistant_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o that_o if_o any_o person_n of_o the_o say_a society_n or_o any_o other_o exercise_v the_o say_a art_n or_o any_o thing_n concern_v the_o same_o inhabit_v within_o the_o say_a city_n or_o the_o county_n or_o liberty_n of_o the_o same_o who_o shall_v break_v the_o say_a order_n shall_v refuse_v to_o pay_v such_o sum_n as_o shall_v be_v assess_v upon_o true_a proof_n first_o thereof_o have_v of_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o say_a order_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o say_a master_n assistant_n and_o warden_n or_o any_o three_o of_o they_o take_v with_o they_o a_o constable_n bailiff_n or_o sergeant_n of_o the_o mace_n or_o other_o fit_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n booth_n shop_n warehouse_n or_o cellar_n of_o such_o person_n so_o refuse_v and_o there_o by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o say_a master_n assistant_n and_o warden_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o distrain_v any_o of_o their_o good_n then_o be_v within_o the_o say_a house_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o say_a sum_n forfeit_v so_o that_o it_o do_v not_o exceed_v the_o treble_a value_n of_o the_o sum_n forfeit_v and_o to_o detain_v the_o same_o yet_o nevertheless_o if_o the_o owner_n within_o thirty_o day_n shall_v satisfy_v the_o penalty_n than_o they_o shall_v redeliver_v the_o good_n and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o satisfy_v that_o then_o the_o say_a master_n warden_n and_o assistant_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v power_n to_o appraise_v the_o good_n take_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o six_o person_n and_o thereupon_o to_o sell_v they_o and_o to_o restore_v the_o surplusage_n to_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o at_o the_o say_a time_n in_o which_o etc._n etc._n and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n there_o be_v and_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o master_n two_o warden_n and_o twelve_o assistant_n of_o the_o say_a society_n within_o the_o say_a city_n and_o no_o more_o and_o that_o the_o say_v edward_n the_o six_o of_o december_n and_o before_o and_o ever_o since_o be_v master_n and_o the_o say_v william_n and_o thomas_n payn_n be_v warden_n that_o the_o 29_o of_o july_n 15_o jacob._n the_o plaintiff_n at_o the_o say_a city_n then_o be_v a_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o say_a city_n and_o no_o brother_n of_o the_o say_a society_n do_v make_v divers_a shoe_n and_o they_o there_o to_o sale_n do_v expose_v and_o that_o the_o say_a master_n and_o warden_n and_o one_o j._n g._n t._n k._n r._n j._n w._n t._n k._n t._n c.g._n and_o j._n g._n be_v seven_o and_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o say_a assistant_n the_o thirty_o of_o july_n the_o 15_o jacob._n do_v impose_v upon_o the_o plaintiff_n 33_o s._n 4._o d._n for_o the_o say_a offence_n and_o they_o say_v further_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n commit_v the_o like_a offence_n the_o seven_o of_o october_n 15_o jacob._n and_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n impose_v by_o the_o master_n warden_n and_o assistant_n and_o the_o like_a offence_n the_o 20_o of_o novemb_n 15_o jacob._n and_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n impose_v by_o the_o master_n warden_n and_o eight_o of_o the_o assistant_n and_o the_o like_a offence_n the_o second_o of_o december_n 15_o jacob._n and_o 33_o s._n 4_o
portion_n not_o pay_v then_o if_o the_o defendant_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o say_v susan_n the_o say_v 400_o l._n within_o six_o week_n after_o the_o say_v first_o of_o may_n to_o such_o person_n to_o who_o the_o say_a elizabeth_n by_o the_o say_v will_v aught_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o and_o shall_v procure_v good_a and_o sufficient_a discharge_n to_o the_o say_v elizabeth_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o and_o from_o all_o person_n to_o who_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v due_a that_o then_o all_o the_o say_a obligation_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o defendant_n cancel_v and_o make_v void_a and_o the_o say_v elizabeth_n do_v covenant_n that_o until_o manifest_a default_n be_v make_v in_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o say_v elizabeth_n shall_v be_v thereof_o damnify_v and_o upon_o reasonable_a request_n no_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o she_o she_o will_v not_o take_v any_o advantage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a obligation_n nor_o will_v prosecute_v any_o suit_n against_o the_o defendant_n or_o any_o other_o bind_v in_o the_o say_a obligation_n and_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n nor_o any_o of_o they_o be_v not_o damnify_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a obligation_n in_o the_o declaration_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o the_o say_v other_o obligation_n and_o do_v aver_v the_o say_a obligation_n in_o the_o declaration_n and_o the_o say_a obligation_n of_o 120_o l._n in_o the_o indenture_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o that_o the_o say_v several_a day_n of_o payment_n limit_v by_o the_o indenture_n nor_o any_o of_o they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o writ_n purchase_v be_v incur_v upon_o which_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o the_o defendant_n do_v join_v and_o i_o conceive_v that_o judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o the_o plea_n be_v utter_o insufficient_a for_o divers_a cause_n and_o yet_o i_o do_v agree_v that_o although_o the_o obligation_n be_v upon_o a_o condition_n yet_o be_v the_o indenture_n a_o defeasance_n thereof_o so_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o the_o defendant_n to_o perform_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o but_o the_o indenture_n be_v of_o two_o part_n 1._o that_o if_o the_o defendant_n shall_v pay_v to_o elizabeth_n the_o daughter_n 500_o l._n and_o shall_v perform_v the_o other_o thing_n mention_v in_o the_o plea_n that_o all_o the_o obligation_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o deliver_v up_o 2._o the_o plaintiff_n elizabeth_n do_v covenant_n that_o until_o the_o defendant_n shall_v make_v default_n in_o the_o premise_n and_o she_o shall_v be_v damnify_v and_o upon_o request_n no_o satisfaction_n give_v to_o she_o she_o shall_v not_o take_v any_o advantage_n of_o the_o obligation_n nor_o shall_v prosecute_v any_o suit_n against_o the_o defendant_n or_o any_o other_o bind_v in_o the_o say_a obligation_n and_o as_o to_o the_o first_o part_n i_o do_v agree_v that_o this_o be_v a_o good_a defeasance_n of_o the_o obligation_n but_o the_o last_o clause_n be_v only_o a_o covenant_n and_o can_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n of_o this_o action_n bring_v upon_o this_o obligation_n as_o in_o the_o 21_o h._n 7._o 30._o john_n de_fw-fr pusetoes_n case_n the_o say_v john_n and_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o t._n who_o by_o deed_n do_v grant_v to_o the_o say_v john_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v quite_o discharge_v of_o the_o duty_n and_o if_o he_o be_v vex_v or_o sue_v that_o the_o bond_n shall_v be_v void_a which_o case_n be_v there_o very_o large_o argue_v but_o i_o conceive_v the_o better_a opinion_n to_o be_v that_o the_o bond_n be_v discharge_v because_o that_o the_o word_n be_v in_o effect_n as_o the_o word_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o indenture_n scil_n that_o if_o such_o act_n be_v make_v the_o obligation_n shall_v be_v void_a but_o there_o fineux_n say_v that_o if_o i_o grant_v to_o my_o tenant_n for_o life_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v impeachable_a for_o waste_v he_o shall_v not_o plead_v this_o in_o bar_n but_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n thereupon_o and_o brudnell_n put_v this_o case_n that_o if_o i_o grant_v to_o one_o against_o who_o i_o have_v cause_n of_o action_n that_o i_o will_v not_o sue_v he_o within_o a_o year_n this_o be_v not_o any_o suspension_n of_o the_o action_n upon_o which_o case_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o i_o may_v sue_v and_o the_o other_o be_v put_v to_o his_o action_n of_o covenant_n and_o the_o plea_n be_v first_o insufficient_a because_o he_o plead_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n nor_o any_o of_o they_o be_v damnify_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o bond_n in_o the_o declaration_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a write_n obligatory_a in_o the_o say_a indenture_n specify_v but_o he_o do_v not_o answer_v to_o the_o damnification_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o 500_o l._n to_o be_v pay_v to_o elizabeth_n the_o daughter_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a matter_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o defendant_n for_o the_o defeasance_n and_o in_o truth_n this_o portion_n be_v due_a and_o not_o pay_v before_o this_o suit_n begin_v the_o defendant_n do_v aver_v that_o the_o several_a day_n of_o payment_n limit_v by_o the_o indenture_n be_v not_o incur_v and_o there_o be_v not_o any_o day_n limit_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o 500_o l._n and_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o it_o be_v payable_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o elizabeth_n the_o daughter_n but_o this_o be_v not_o limit_v by_o the_o indenture_n nor_o any_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o this_o a_o vermin_n be_v not_o good_a the_o indenture_n of_o the_o defeasance_n be_v if_o the_o defendant_n shall_v pay_v the_o 500_o l._n or_o procure_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n elizabeth_n sufficient_a discharge_n for_o the_o same_o and_o shall_v provide_v fit_a maintenance_n for_o elizabeth_n the_o daughter_n whereupon_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o defendant_n ought_v to_o pay_v 500_o l._n and_o provide_v maintenance_n for_o the_o daughter_n or_o otherwise_o that_o he_o shall_v procure_v a_o discharge_n from_o the_o plaintiff_n elizabeth_n and_o shall_v also_o provide_v maintenance_n for_o the_o daughter_n for_o her_o maintenance_n be_v as_o necessary_a if_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v as_o it_o will_v be_v if_o the_o discharge_n be_v procure_v and_o the_o defendant_n have_v make_v no_o answer_n to_o the_o provide_v of_o maintenance_n judgement_n judgement_n and_o michaelm_n 15_o jacob._n judgement_n by_o all_o the_o court_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n 590._o rot._n 590._o trinit_fw-la 16_o jacob._n margaret_n evans_n against_o wilkins_n in_o a_o action_n on_o the_o case_n for_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o 12_o september_n 15_o jacob._n do_v retain_v the_o defendant_n to_o be_v her_o shepherd_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n in_o consideration_n of_o 6_o d._n to_o he_o pay_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o of_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n of_o his_o salary_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o he_o for_o a_o year_n and_o in_o consideration_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v assume_v to_o pay_v the_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n to_o the_o defendant_n and_o to_o find_v he_o meat_n drink_n and_o lodging_n for_o the_o say_a year_n and_o to_o permit_v the_o defendant_n to_o have_v pasture_n for_o twelve_o sheep_n with_o the_o sheep_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v assume_v to_o serve_v the_o plaintiff_n as_o a_o shepherd_n for_o one_o year_n from_o michaelmas_n next_o etc._n etc._n and_o to_o keep_v her_o sheep_n to_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n give_v credit_n do_v not_o retain_v any_o other_o shepherd_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v aver_v that_o she_o be_v ready_a to_o pay_v the_o defendant_n the_o say_v 33_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o to_o provide_v he_o meat_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o have_v pasture_n for_o twelve_o sheep_n with_o the_o sheep_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n yet_o the_o defendant_n do_v not_o feed_v the_o sheep_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n although_o require_v the_o 4_o octob._n 15_o jacob._n whereby_o many_o of_o her_o sheep_n dye_v ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la 40_o l._n the_o defendant_n plead_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 5_o elizab._n whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n of_o every_o county_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o then_o resident_a in_o the_o county_n and_o also_o the_o sheriff_n if_o it_o may_v be_v and_o every_o major_n bayly_n or_o other_o chief_a officer_n of_o any_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a in_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o justice_n of_o peace_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o say_a town_n before_o the_o ten_o of_o june_n next_o come_v and_o afterward_o shall_v yearly_o at_o every_o general_a session_n first_o hold_v and_o to_o be_v keep_v after_o easter_n or_o any_o convenient_a time_n after_o easter_n shall_v meet_v together_o and_o after_o such_o meeting_n shall_v call_v
d._n impose_v the_o three_o of_o december_n the_o same_o year_n by_o the_o master_n and_o warden_n and_o nine_o assistant_n all_o which_o sum_n do_v amount_v to_o 6_o l._n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n that_o the_o six_o of_o december_n the_o 15_o jacob._n the_o plaintiff_n have_v notice_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n so_o impose_v and_o although_o he_o thereupon_o pay_v 19_o s._n parcel_n thereof_o yet_o he_o do_v refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o residue_n which_o refusal_n the_o 16_o of_o december_n be_v due_o prove_v before_o the_o say_a master_n and_o warden_n wherefore_o the_o 16_o of_o december_n 15_o jacob._n the_o master_n warden_n and_o assistant_n take_v with_o they_o john_n sowland_n a_o sergeant_n of_o the_o mace_n do_v take_v the_o say_v ten_o hide_n in_o the_o say_a city_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n and_o take_v they_o away_o detain_v they_o for_o thirty_o day_n after_o the_o say_a distress_n and_o because_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o pay_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o say_v 6_o l._n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n nor_o agree_v for_o the_o same_o the_o say_a master_n and_o warden_n and_o t._n b._n c._n g._n m._n a._n t._n k._n j._n g._n m._n b._n k._n j._n w._n t._n and_o r._n t._n be_v the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o assistant_n after_o the_o say_v thirty_o day_n viz._n 17_o jan._n 15_o jacob._n at_o the_o say_a city_n do_v cause_v the_o say_a hide_n to_o be_v appraise_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o r._n s._n etc._n etc._n six_o approve_a man_n of_o the_o say_a city_n who_o appraise_v they_o at_o 7_o l._n and_o the_o say_a defendant_n and_o thomas_n payn_n and_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o say_a assistant_n do_v sell_v they_o for_o 7_o l._n and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o surplusage_n amount_v to_o 25_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o no_o more_o which_o the_o say_v william_n and_o thomas_n payn_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o master_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o assistant_n before_o the_o suit_n to_o wit_n the_o seven_o of_o january_n in_o the_o same_o year_n at_o the_o say_a city_n do_v offer_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v thereof_o absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la that_o the_o defendant_n be_v guilty_a at_o tiverton_n or_o any_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o say_a city_n of_o exeter_n upon_o which_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o i_o conceive_v that_o judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o herein_o i_o will_v not_o stand_v at_o this_o time_n to_o argue_v whether_o the_o custom_n will_v warrant_v this_o by-law_n because_o there_o have_v be_v a_o resolution_n in_o the_o case_n in_o the_o 8_o rep._n fol._n 125._o for_o london_n only_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n be_v confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o so_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o exeter_n but_o admit_v that_o the_o custom_n will_v warrant_v this_o by-law_n to_o restrain_v a_o legal_a trade_n or_o art_n within_o the_o say_a city_n yet_o i_o conceive_v this_o by-law_n be_v utter_o void_a for_o three_o cause_n and_o if_o it_o be_v good_a yet_o have_v not_o the_o defendant_n pursue_v the_o same_o in_o take_v and_o sell_v of_o the_o good_n and_o that_o for_o two_o cause_n and_o as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o defendant_n have_v exceed_v their_o custom_n in_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o by-law_n as_o to_o the_o place_n for_o the_o society_n of_o the_o art_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v within_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n and_o then_o they_o allege_v the_o custom_n to_o be_v that_o they_o have_v use_v to_o make_v by-law_n for_o the_o better_a government_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o say_a city_n so_o that_o all_o the_o custom_n be_v confirm_v to_o the_o city_n but_o the_o by-law_n do_v exceed_v this_o for_o it_o be_v that_o none_o shall_v make_v sell_v or_o offer_v to_o sell_v any_o shoe_n etc._n etc._n within_o the_o city_n or_o the_o county_n of_o exon_n the_o which_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o the_o custom_n as_o in_o 5_o rep._n chamberlain_n of_o london_n case_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o if_o any_o citizen_n or_o stranger_n shall_v send_v any_o cloth_n to_o sell_v within_o the_o city_n before_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o blackwell-hall_n to_o be_v view_v and_o search_v this_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v good_a although_o it_o do_v bind_v a_o stranger_n but_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v give_v because_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v within_o the_o city_n whereupon_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o order_n to_o extend_v without_o the_o city_n this_o by-law_n do_v exceed_v their_o power_n in_o the_o thing_n prohibit_v and_o that_o in_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o none_o shall_v make_v any_o boot_n shoe_n etc._n etc._n within_o the_o city_n or_o county_n whereby_o every_o man_n be_v restrain_v to_o make_v such_o thing_n for_o his_o own_o use_n or_o for_o his_o master_n or_o family_n and_o such_o restraint_n be_v clear_o against_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o although_o that_o company_n of_o trade_n in_o city_n and_o town_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o they_o can_v by_o any_o custom_n restrain_v a_o man_n from_o make_v any_o thing_n pertain_v to_o their_o art_n for_o his_o private_a use_n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o by-law_n have_v be_v that_o none_o shall_v use_v the_o art_n of_o a_o shoemaker_n within_o the_o city_n this_o have_v be_v good_a but_o to_o restrain_v any_o that_o he_o may_v not_o make_v shoe_n for_o himself_o within_o the_o city_n this_o be_v void_a vide_fw-la cook_n 8_o rep._n 129._o wagon_n case_n where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o he_o may_v make_v candle_n for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o so_o every_o one_o may_v bake_v and_o brew_v for_o their_o own_o use_n furthermore_o the_o defendant_n have_v not_o allege_v any_o custom_n that_o none_o shall_v make_v any_o shoe_n etc._n etc._n within_o the_o city_n etc._n etc._n except_o those_o of_o the_o society_n but_o only_o that_o they_o may_v make_v by-law_n for_o the_o good_a government_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o society_n of_o the_o art_n and_o the_o make_n of_o shoe_n for_o one_o private_a use_n be_v nothing_o concern_v their_o society_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o resolution_n in_o the_o say_a case_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o five_o of_o elizab._n that_o none_o shall_v use_v any_o art_n in_o which_o he_o have_v not_o be_v educate_v as_o apprentice_n for_o seven_o year_n yet_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o to_o bake_v or_o brew_v or_o to_o make_v any_o manufacture_n for_o his_o private_a use_n without_o any_o offence_n to_o the_o statute_n so_o cook_n 8_o rep._n 125._o sir_n george_n farmer_n case_n he_o as_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o torcester_n do_v prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o bakehouse_n and_o no_o other_o baker_n shall_v sell_v bread_n there_o this_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n but_o to_o restrain_v any_o from_o bake_v for_o himself_o can_v be_v a_o good_a custom_n and_o the_o case_n of_o the_o tailor_n of_o ipswich_n 11_o rep._n fol._n 55._o order_n that_o none_o shall_v use_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o tailor_n until_o he_o be_v present_v to_o the_o master_n and_o warden_n and_o allow_v by_o they_o yet_o one_o may_v make_v clothes_n for_o his_o master_n and_o family_n in_o case_n the_o say_a constitution_n be_v good_a this_o by-law_n do_v restrain_v other_o person_n to_o use_v their_o art_n for_o it_o be_v that_o none_o shall_v do_v any_o thing_n pertain_v to_o the_o art_n of_o shoemaker_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o many_o thing_n do_v pertain_v to_o the_o art_n of_o a_o shoemaker_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o other_o artificer_n for_o all_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o art_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v use_v with_o the_o art_n and_o without_o which_o the_o art_n can_v be_v use_v as_o leather_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o tanner_n last_v which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o last-maker_n auls_n by_o the_o smith_n thread_n and_o divers_a other_o thing_n and_o all_o these_o by_o this_o by-law_n be_v prohibit_v not_o only_o to_o be_v sell_v but_o also_o to_o be_v make_v by_o any_o not_o be_v of_o their_o society_n the_o penalty_n impose_v by_o this_o by-law_n be_v not_o warrant_v by_o the_o law_n nor_o by_o their_o custom_n for_o that_o aught_o to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o aught_o to_o be_v express_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o court_n may_v judge_n whether_o it_o be_v reasonable_a or_o not_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o wagon_n case_n that_o the_o pain_n ought_v to_o be_v reasonable_a 1._o in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v by_o imprisonment_n for_o that_o be_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o clark_n case_n