Devonshire weighing 60 pound c. Philosoph Transact Numb 23. 1666. DVRHAM THe Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Durham collected out of ancient Manuscripts about the time of the Suppression and publisht by Jo. Davies of Kidwelly 1672. The Legend of St. Cuthbert with the Antiquities of the Church of Durham by B. R. Esq 1663. A short Treatise of an ancient Fountain or Vitriolin-Spaw near the City of Durham by E. W. Dr. of Physick 1675. Large Collections relating to the Antiquities of this Bishoprick were made by Mr. Mickleton a very excellent Antiquary ESSEX THe History of Waltham-Abbey by Dr. Fuller then Curate there Lond. 1655. fol. Printed at the end of his Church-History Survey of the County of Essex in a thin Folio MS. by John Norden now in the Library of Sir Edmund Turner 'T is said that Mr. Strangman of Hadley-Castle in Suffolk hath written the Antiquities of Essex It still remains in Manuscript but in what hands I know not A Description of Harwich and Dover-Court by Silas Tailor MS. Mr. John Ouseley Rector of Pantfield a person admirably well verst in the History of our Nation has spent many years in collecting the Antiquities of this County wherein he has been very much assisted by that hopeful young Gentleman Mr. Nicholas Zeakill of Castle-Hedingham who freely communicated the Copies of many publick Records and 't is his request to all who are possest of any Papers relating to Essex that they would likewise please to communicate them It is not long before the World may expect the Work if it meet with that encouragement from the Gentry which an Undertaking of this Nature may justly require GLOCESTERSHIRE THe Laws and Customs of the Miners in the Forest of Dean in the County of Glocester Lond. 1687. 12o. Proposals for printing the Antiquities of Glocestershire were publisht An. 1683. by Mr. Abel Wantner Citizen of Glocester and inhabitant of Minchin-Hampton in the same County He had been twelve years in the collecting but not meeting I suppose with answerable encouragement the Book remains still in Manuscript Annalia Dubrensia upon the yearly celebration of Mr. Robert Dover's Olympick-Games upon Cotswold hills written by 33 of the best Poets of that time Publisht 1636. The Military Government of the City of Glocester by John Corbet Publisht 1651. Certain Speeches made upon the day of the yearly Election of the Officers of the City of Glocester publisht by Jo. Dorne Esq Town-Clerk of the said City An. 1653. Collections relating to the Antiquities of this County were made by Judge Hales which are now I think in Lincolns-Inn-Library London among his other Manuscripts A Description and Draught of Pen-park-hall by Sir Robert Southwell Philosoph Transact Numb 143. 1682 3. A strange and wonderful Discovery of Houses under ground at Cottons-field in Glocestershire HAMSHIRE THe Antiquities and Description of Winchester with an Historical Relation touching several memorable Occurrences relating to the same with a Preamble of the Original of Cities in general Folio MS. by Mr. Trussel A Treatise of the Antiquities of the same City is written by Dr. Bettes MS. Some Remarkables concerning the Monuments in the ancient City of Winchester by Mr. Butler of S. Edmonds-bury The Lieger-Book of S. Crosse MS. in Vellam in the hands of Henry Worsley of Lincolns-Inn Esq HERTFORDSHIRE THe Antiquities of this County are now prepared for the Press by Sir Henry Chancey Kt. Serjeant at Law HVNTINGDONSHIRE HUntingdon-Divertisement or an Interlude for the general Entertainment of the County-feast held at Merchant-Tailors-hall June 30. 1678. Sir Robert Cotton made some progress towards a Survey of this County KENT PErambulation of Kent by William Lambert of Lincolns-Inn Gent. Lond. 1576. 1596. c. A brief Survey of the County of Kent by Richard Kilbourn Lond. 1657. 1659. Philpot's Survey of Kent Another Survey of this County was writ by Mr. Norden and is still in Manuscript The Monuments in this County are collected by John Wever in his Funeral Monuments The History of Gavelkind or the Local Customs of Kent by Mr. Somner An. 1660. The Forts and Ports in Kent by Mr. Somner with the Life of the Author by Mr. Kennet Publish't by Mr. James Brome Oxon. 1693. The Antiquities of Canterbury by Mr. Somner 4o. 1640. Mr. Somner's Vindication of himself about building the Market-house at Canterbury His Treatise about the Fish-bones found in Kent 4o. The Chronicle of Rochester wrote by Edmund Bedenham MS. Textus Roffensis a very ancient MS. belonging to that Church See a more particular account of it in Dr. Hickes's Catalogue MSS. at the end of his Saxon-Grammar Descriptio Itineris Plantarum investigationis ergo suscepti in agrum Cantianum 1632. Survey of the Monastery of Feversham by Tho. Southouse Lond. 1671. 12o. A Philosophical and Medicinal Essay of the Waters of Tunbridge by P. Madan M. D. 1687. LANCASHIRE MAnner of making Salt of Sea-Sand in Lancashire Ray's Northern-words pag. 209. The state of this County in respect of Religion about the beginning of King James 1. by Mr. Urmston MS. in the hands of Thomas Brotherton of Heye Esq Holingsworth's History of Manchester MS. in the Library there Borlaces Latham-Spaw LEICESTERSHIRE THe Antiquities of Leicestershire by William Burton Esq Fol. 1622. The late learned Mr. Chetwind of Staffordshire had a Copy of this in his possession with considerable Additions under the Author 's own hand A brief Relation of the Dissolution of the Earth in the Forest of Charnwood in one sheet 1679. LINCOLNSHIRE SIr William Dugdale's History of Imbanking gives a large account of several Fenns and Marshes in this County The Survey and Antiquities of the Town of Stamford in this County by Richard Butcher Gent. Publisht 1646. A Relation of the great damages done by a Tempest and Overflowing of the Tides in Lincolnshire and Norfolk 1671. MIDDLESEX NOrden's Survey of Middlesex Fitz-Stephens Survey of London The Customs of London Londonopula by James Howel Fol. The present state of London by De Laund 8o. Domus Carthusiana or the Foundation of the Charter-house by Samuel Herne Lond. 1677. Stow's Survey of London 1598. The City-Law translated out of an ancient MS. and printed 1647. Descriptio Plantarum in Ericete Hampstedi per Tho. Johnson in 12o. 1632. The Kings Queens and Nobility buried in Westminster-Abbey 1603. by Mr. Camden The same enlarged by Henr. Keepe 8o. History of S. Paul's by Sir William Dugdale 1658. Fol. The third University of England viz. London being a Treatise of all the Foundations of Colleges Inns of Court c. by Sir George Buck. 1615. Origines Juridiciâles by Sir William Dugdale History of Tombs and Monuments in and about the City of London 1668. A Relation of the late dreadful Fire in London as it was reported to the Committee in Parliament 1667. Narrative of the Fire of London by Mr. Edward Waterhouse 1667. London King Charles's Augusta by Sylvanus Morgan A Poem 1648. Grant's Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of
cause probably was to improve his own mannour of Topesham to which one of the Hughs of this family perhaps the same procur'd a weekly market and a yearly fair which Edward Courtney Earl of Devonshire in an out-fall with the citizens threw into the chanel of the river Isc which hinders ships from coming to the town so that all merchandize is brought thither by land from Topesham a little village three miles from the city Nor are these heaps remov'd tho' it is commanded by Act of Parliament o From these a small village hard by is call'd Weare Weare but formerly Heneaton which belong'd heretofore to Austin de Baa from whom by right of inheritance it came to John Holand Ch. 24 Eâ who in a seal that I have seen bore a lion rampant gardant among flower de luces The government of this City is administer'd by 24. of whom u Thâs City was incorporated by K. John and made a County by K. Henry 8. one yearly is chosen Mayor who with four Bayliffs manages all publick affairs As for the position the old Oxford-Tables have defin'd it's longitude to be 19 degrees 11 minutes It 's latitude 50 degrees 40 minutes This City that I may not omit it has had it's Dukes For Richard 2. King of England of that name made John Holand Earl of Huntingdon and his brother by the mother's side first Duke of Exeter Dukes of Exeter Henry 4. depriv'd him of this honour and left him only the title of Earl of Huntingdon which being beheaded soon after 6 For conspiracy against the King he lost together with his life Some few years after Henry 5. supply'd this Dukedom with Thomas Beaufort Earl of Dorset descended from the house of Lancaster an accomplish'd Souldier He dying without issue John Holand the son of that John already mention'd as heir to Richard his brother that dy'd without issue and to his father was restor'd to all again having his Father's honours bestow'd upon him by the bounty of Henry 6. and left the same to his son Henry who whilst the Lancastrians stood flourish'd in great honour but after when the house of York came to the Crown his example might well shew us how unsafe it is to rely upon the smiles of fortune For this was that Henry Duke of Exeter who notwithstanding his marriage with the sister of Edward 4. was reduc'd to such misery Phil. Coâânaeus cââ 50. that he was seen to beg his bread ragg'd and bare-footed in the Low-countries And at last after Barnet-fight where he behav'd himself stoutly against Edward 4. he never was seen more till his body was cast upon the shore of Kent as if he had been shipwrack'd Long after this Exeter had it's Marquess namely Henry Courtny descended from Catherine the Daughter of Edward 4. rais'd to that honour by Henry 8 7 And design'd heir-apparent But to this Marquess as well as to the first Duke a great fortune did but raise great storms which as presently sunk him endeavouring a change of Government For among other things because with mony and counsel he had assisted Reginald Poole that was afterwards Cardinal and had left England to intriegue with the Emperor and the Pope against his King and Country who had then withdrawn from the Romish Communion he was arraign'd found guilty and beheaded with some others But now by the bounty of K. James Thomas Cecil Lord Burghley enjoys the title of Earl of Exeter Earlâ of Exeter a man truly good and the worthy son of a most excellent father being the eldest son of William Cecil Baron Burghley Lord Treasurer of England whose wisdom has long supported the peace of this Kingdom nn From hence to the very mouth there is nothing of antiquity besides Exminster Exminââââ formerly Exanminster bequeath'd by King Alfred to his younger son and Pouderham Pouderham a castle built by Isabel de Ripariis now for a long time the seat of a very noble family the Courtnies Knights who being descended from the Earls of Devonshire and related to the best families are to this day flourishing and most worthy of such noble ancestors 8 Under Pouderham Ken a pretty brook enters into Ex which riseth near Holcombe where in a park is a fair place built by Sir Thomas Denis whose family fetcheth their first off-spring and surname from the Danes and were anciently written Le Dan Denis by which name the Cornish call'd the Danes Upon the very mouth on the other side as the name it self witnesses stands Exanmouth Exanâââ known for nothing but it's bare name and the fisher-hutts there More eastward Otterey Otterey that is a river of otters or water-dogs which we call Otters as the name it self implies runs into the sea it passes by Honniton Honniâââ well known to such as travel these parts 9 And was given by Isabel heir to the Earls of Devonshire to K. Edward the first when her issue fail'd p and gives it's name to some places Of which the most remarkable above Honniton is Mohuns-ottery which belong'd formerly to the Mohuns from whom it came by marriage to the Carews below Honniton near Holdcombe where lives the family of Le Denis Knights who take their original and name from the Danes S. Mary's Ottery so call'd from the w Iâ was suppress'd by a Parliament held at Leicester in the reign of Henry 5. College of S. Maries which John de Grandison Bishop of Exeter founded who had got the wealth of all the Clergy in his Diocese into his own hands For he had persuaded them to leave him all they had when they dy'd as intending to lay it all out in charitable uses in endowing Churches and building Hospitals and Colleges which they say he perform'd very piously From the mouth of this Ottery the shore goes on with many windings to the eastward by Budly q Sidmouth r and Seaton s formerly fine havens but now so choak'd with sand heap'd before the mouth of them by the flux and reflux of the sea that this benefit is almost quite lost Now that this Seaton is that Moridunum ââidunum in Antoninus which is seated between Durnovaria and Isca if the book be not faulty and is lamely call'd Ridunum in the Peutegerian Table I should conjecture both from it's distance and the signification of the name For Moridunum is the same in British that Seaton is in English namely a town upon a hill by the sea Near this stands Wiscombe ââomb memorable upon the account of William Baron Bonevill who liv'd there whose heir Cecil brought by marriage the titles of Lord Bonevill and Harrington with a brave estate in those parts âhis in County âmerset ââster to Thomas Grey Marquess of Dorset Under these the river Ax empties it self from a very small chanel 10 After it hath pass'd down by Ford where Adelize daughter to Baldewin of Okehampton founded an Abbey for
of the Mercians adorned it with a noble Church in which her self lyes intomb'd Not long after when the whole County was ravaged by the Danes these sacred Virgins were forc'd to depart and the Danes as Aethelwerd that ancient Author writeth after many turns and changes of war set up their tents at Gleuu-cester Now those ancient Churches having been ruin'd in these calamitous times Aldred Archbishop of York and Bishop of Worcester erected a new one for Monks which is the present Cathedral and hath a Dean and six Prebendaries belonging to it Which Church in former ages receiv'd great additions and ornaments from several Benefactors for J. Hanly and T. Farley Abbots added the V. Mary's Chapel Nicholas Morwent built the western front from the ground very beautiful b Thomas G. Horton Abbot joyned to it the northern cross Isle Abbot c Frowcester Trowcester built the curious neat Cloysters and Abbot Sebrook the great and stately Tower The south Isle was rebuilt with the offerings that devout people made at the shrine of King Edward 2. who lyes here interr'd in an Alabaster tomb And not far from him lyes in the middle of the Quire the unfortunate Robert Curt-hose the eldest son of William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy in a wooden monument 7 Who was bereft of the Kingdom of England for that he was born before his Father was King depriv'd of his two s ns the one by strange death in the N. Forest the other despoiled of the Earldom of Flanders his inheritance and slain he himself dispossessed of the Dukedom of Normandy by his Brother K. Henry 1. his eyes pluck'd out and kept close Prisoner 26 years without contumelious indignities until through extream anguish he ended his life Beyond the Quire in an Arch of the Church there is a wall built with so great artifice in the form of a semicircle with corners that if any one whisper very low at one end and another lay his ear to the other end he may easily hear each distinct syllable k In the reign of William the Conqueror and before the chief trade of the city was forging of Iron for as it is mention'd in Doomsday book there was scace any other tribute requir'd by the King than certain d A Dicar of Iron contain'd to barrs Blunt's Tenures Icres of Iron and Iron bars for the use of the Royal Navy and a few pints of Honey After the coming in of the Normans it suffer'd some calamities when England was all in a flame by the Barons wars being plunder'd by Edward the son of Henry 3. and after almost laid in ashes by a casual fire But now by the blessing of a continued peace it doth prosper and reflourish and having the two adjacent hundreds added to it is made a County of it self and is call'd The County of the City of Glocester l And Henry 8. in the memory of our Fathers augmented the state thereof by erecting an Episcopal See with which dignity as Geoffry of Monmouth saith it was formerly honour'd and I have reason not to question the truth of this assertion m since the Bishop of * Câosis Cluve is reckon'd among the British Prelates which name being deriv'd from Clevum or Glow doth in part confirm my conjecture that this is the Glevum mention'd by Antoninus n The river Severne having now left Glocester o and uniting its divided streams 8 Windeth it self by Elmore a Mansion House of the Gises ancient by their own lineal discent being in elder times owners of Apseley-Gise near Brickhill and from the Beauchamps of Holt who acknowledge Hubert de Burgo Earl of Kent whom I lately mentioned benâficious to them and testifie the same by their Armories Lower upon the same side Stroud a pretty river slideth into Severne out of Coteswold by Stroud a Market-town sometimes better peopled with Clothiers and not far from Minching-Hampton which anciently had a Nunnery or belonged to Nuns whom our Ancestors named Minchings waxeth broader and deeper by the ebbing and flowing of the tyde it rages like the aestuation of the sea towards which it hastens with frequent turnings and windings But in its course toucheth upon nothing memorable except Cambridge Cambridg a e It has only five or six houses small Country-hamlet where Cam a little river runs into it f Where this action is mention'd by the Saxon-Annals it is said to have been at Cambridge which is prov'd rather to be Bridgnorth in Shropshire See the County under that title at which bridge as Aethelwerd writeth when the Danes passed over by filing off laden with rich spoils the west Saxons and Mercians receiv'd them with a bloody encounter in Woodnesfield in which Healfden Cinuil and Inguar three of their Princes were slain On the same side of the river not much lower standeth Berkley Berkeys in the Saxon tongue Beorkenlau eminent for a strong Castle and its Mayor who is the chief Magistrate as also for the Lords thereof the Barons of Barkley of an ancient and noble family 9 Descended from Robert Fitz-Harding to whom King Henry 2. gave this place and Barkley Hearnes Out of this house descended many Knights and Gentlemen of signal note of which was William Baron of Barkley 10 Who was honoured by King Edward 4. with the style of Viscount Barkley by King Richard the 3. with the Honour of Earl of Nottingham in regard of his mother daughter of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Nottingham and by King Henry 7. with the office of Marshal of England and dingity of Marquess Barkley who in the reign of Henry 7. was made Viscount and Marquess Barkley E. of Nottingham and Marshal of England but because he died without issue those titles ceased with him p If you would know by what stratagem Godwyn Earl of Kent Earl G dwyn's ãâã a man fit and prepar'd for any wicked design got the possession of this place take this short account of Walter Mapes who lived 400 years since for it is not unworthy the Reader 's perusal Berkley is a village near Severne of the yearly value of 500 l. in which was a Nunnery govern'd by an Abbess that was both noble and beautiful Earl Godwin a notable subtle man not desiring her but hers as he pass'd by left his nephew a young * That this is not the original of the name is plain from the Saxon Bricgstow which plainly points out to us a bridge or passage over the river proper handsom spark as if seized with sickness till he should return back thither and instructed him to counterfeit an indisposition till he had gotten all who came to visit him both Lady Abbess and Nuns with child And to carry on the intreague more plausibly and more effectually to obtain the favour of their visits the Earl furnish'd him with rings and girdles that by those presents he might the more easily corrupt and gain their inclinations There needed
a petty Convent founded by the Bigrames A little way hence stands Awkenbury given by King John to David Earl of Huntingdon and by John Scot his son to Stephen Segrave Stephen Segrââe a person I 'm the more willing to mention because he was one of the Courtiers who have taught us * Nâââam potenââam essââââântâm That no power is powerful With a great deal of pains he rais'd himself to a high post with as much trouble kept it and as suddenly lost it In his young days from a Clerk he was made Knight Matth. Pâââ and tho' he was but of a mean family yet in his latter days by his bold industry he so enrich'd and advanc'd himself that he was rank'd among the highest of the Nobility made Lord Chief Justice and manag'd almost all the Affairs of the Nation as he pleas'd At length he wholly lost all the King's favour and ended his days in a cloyster and he who out of pride must needs remove from ecclesiastical to secular Affairs was forc'd to reassume his ecclesiastical Office and shaven crown without so much as consulting his Bishop which he had formerly laid aside Not far off stands Leighton Leightân where Sir Gervase Clifton Knight began a noble building h and just by lyes Spaldwick given to the Church of Lincoln by Henry 1. to make some amends for erecting Ely-Bishoprick out of Lincoln-Diocese The river Nen enters this Shire by Elton Elton f It is now the possession of John Proby Esquire the seat of the famous ancient family of the Sapcots where is a private Chapel of singular beauty with curious painted windows built by the Lady Elizabeth Dinham Baron Fitz-Warren's widow who marry'd into this family Higher upon the Nen nigh Walmsford Walmsford stood a little city of greater antiquity than all these call'd Caer Dorm and Dormeceaster by Henry of Huntingdon who says it was utterly ruin'd before his time Undoubtedly this is the Durobrivae Dâââbriâae of Antonine that is the River-passage and now for the same reason call'd Dornford nigh Chesterton which besides the finding of old Coins has the apparent marks of a ruinous City For a Roman Port-way led directly from hence to Huntingdon and a little above Stilton Stiâton formerly Stichilton it appears with a high bank and in an old Saxon Charter is call'd Erminstreat Ermiâgstreat Here it runs through the middle of a square fort defended on the north-side with walls on the rest with ramparts of Earth nigh which they 've lately digg'd up several stone Coffins or Sepulchres in g This Estate is now the joynt Inheritance of Sir John Hewet of Warsly in this County Baronet and John Dryden Esquire descended to them from the sisters of the last Sir Robert Bevile the ground of R. Bevill of an ancient family in this County Some think this city stood upon both banks of the river and others are of opinion Caster ãâã Nâr âââptoâshâ e that the little village Caster on the other side was part of it and truly this opinion is well back'd by an ancient history that says there was a place call'd Durmundcaster by Nene where Kinneburga founded a little Nunnery first call'd Kinneburge-caster and afterwards for shortness Caster This Kinneburga the most Christian daughter of the Pagan King Penda and Alfred King of the Northumber's wife chang'd her Soveraign Authority for Christ's service to use the words of an old writer and govern'd her own Nunnery as a mother to those sacred Virgins Which place about 1010 was level'd to the ground by the fury of the Danes A little before this river leaves the County it runs by an ancient House call'd Bottle bridge B ââââ-bridge for shortness instead of Botolph-bridge which the Draitons and Lovets brought from R. Gimels to the family of the Shirlies by hereditary succession Adjoyning to this lies Overton corruptly called Orton forfeited by Felony and redeem'd of K. John by Neale Lovetoft whose sister and coheir was married to Hubert or Robert de Brounford and their children took upon 'em the name of Lovetoft Earls of Hântingdon This County at the declining of the English-Saxons had Siward an Earl by office for then there were no hereditary Earls in England but the Governours of Provinces according to the custom of that age were call'd Earls with addition of the title of this or that Province they govern'd as this Siward the time he govern'd here was call'd Earl of Huntingdon but soon after when he govern'd Northumberland he was call'd Earl of Northumberland See âhe Eââls âf Noâthamptonshire He had a son call'd Waldeof who under the title of Earl had the government of this County by the favour of William the Conquerour whose niece Judith by his sister on the mother's side he had married This Waldeof's eldest daughter says William Gemeticensis was married to Simon â ââvaneââerââ ãâã uât câp â6 de Senlys or St. Liz she brought him the Earldom of Huntingdon and had a son by him call'd Simon After her husband's decease she was married to David St. Maud the Queen of England's Brother who was afterwards King of Scotland by whom she had a son nam'd Henry Afterwards as Fortune and Princes Favours alter'd this Dignity was enjoy'd sometimes by the Scots and other times by the St. Lizes first Henry the son of David J ân âârdââ in Scotâââân co l. 3. â 3. 6. ãâã 3â then Simon St. Lizes Simon the first 's son after him Malcolm King of Scotland Earl Henry's brother after his decease Simon St. Liz the third who dying without heirs was succeeded by William King of Scotland and Malcolm's Brother Thus says Ralph de Diceto in the year 1185. when he flourish'd When Simon Earl Simon 's son dy'd without children the King restor'd to William K. of Scotland the County of Huntingdon with all its appurtenances Then his brother David had it Matth. Par. and his son John Scot Earl of Chester who dy'd without heirs and when Alexander the second who marry'd King Henry the third's daughter had held this title a little while and the Wars broke in the Scots lost this honour besides a fair inheritance in England A good while after Edward the third created William Clinton Earl of Huntingdon Richard the second put Guiscard de Angolesme in his place and after his death John Holland He was succeeded by John 4 Who was stil'd Duke of Excester Earl of Huntingdon and Ivory Lord of Sparre Admiral of England and Ireland Lieutenant of Aquitain and Constable of the Tower of London and Henry his sons who were each of them also Dukes of Exeter See Dukes of Exeter pag. 32. Cap. 50. The same Henry Duke of Exeter that Philip Comines as he affirms saw begging bare-foot in the Low Countries whilst he kept firm to the House of Lancaster though he had married Edward the fourth 's own sister Next to him Thomas
said village to Richard de Huméz or Humetz who was Constable to our Lord the King to hold of him by homage and other service And afterwards the same was held by William Earl of Warren by the favour of King John f University of Stanford In Edw. 3.'s reign an University for liberal Arts and Sciences was begun here which the inhabitants look upon as their greatest glory for when the hot contests at Oxford broke out between the Students of the north and south a great number of them withdrew and settled here However a little after they return'd to Oxford 3 Upon the King's Proclamation and thus soon put an end to this new University they had so lately began and from thence forward it was provided by an oath that no Oxford-man should profess at Stanford g Notwithstanding trade it self supported the town till in the heat of the Civil war betwixt the houses of Lancaster and York it was took by the Northern Soldiers who utterly destroy'd it with fire and sword Since that it could never perfectly recover and come up to its former glory tho' 't is pretty well at this time It is govern'd by an Alderman and 24 Burgesses h contains about 7 Parish-Churches and a very fair old Hospital founded by William Brown a citizen besides a new one on this side the bridge lately built by that Nestor of Britain 4 Sir William William Cecil Baron of Burghley after he had finish'd that stately house at Burghley of which I have already spoke in Northamptonshire He lyes buried here in a splendid tomb in St. George's Parish-Church i a man to say no more of him that lived long enough to nature and long enough to glory but not long enough to his country k Tho' there are in this place some remains of antiquity and the Roman Highway out of this town into the north clearly shews that there was formerly a Ferry here yet they do not prove that this was that Gausennae which Antoninus places at some small distance from hence High ãâã Gaââââ But since the little village Brigcasterton Bââdgcasteâââ which by its very name appears to be ancient is situated but a mile off where the river Gwash or Wash crosses the highway the nearness of the name Gwash to Gausennae and the distance being not inconsistent makes me apt to believe till time shall bring the truth to light that Gausennae is at present call'd Brigcasterton If I should think Stanford sprang from the ruins of this town and that this part of the County is call'd Kesteven from Gausennae as the other part is nam'd Lindsey from the city Lindum I would have the reader take it as a bare opinion and pass what judgment he thinks fit 'T is the current belief that this Gausennae was demolish'd as Henry Archdeacon of Huntingdon relates when the Picts and Scots ravag'd this whole County as far as Stanford where our Hengist and his Saxons with great pains and gallantry stopt their progress and forc'd them to fly in gâeat disorder leaving many dead and far more prisoners behind them l But to proceed In the east part of Kesteven which lies towards Hoiland as we travel northwards Depââg there succeeds in order first Deping that is as Ingulphus says a deep meadow Depââg fens where Richard de Rulos Chamberlain to William the Conquerour by throwing up of a great bank excluded the river Wailand which us'd often to overflow built on the said bank many houses which in all made a large village This Deping or deep meadow is indeed very properly so call'd for the plain which lies beneath it of many miles in compass is the deepest in all this marshy Country and the rendezvous of many waters and what is very strange the chanel of the river Glen which is pent in by its banks and runs from the west lyes much higher than this plain m Next Burn Burn. remarkable for the Inauguration of King Edmund and a castle of the Wakes who got a grant of King Edw. 1. for this to be a market town n More to the east stands Irnham heretofore the Barony of 5 Sir Andrew Andrew Lutterell And then Sempringham Lutterel now famous for a very fine house built by Edward Baron Clinton afterwards Earl of Lincoln Sempââham but heretofore for the holy order of the Gilbertines instituted by one Gilbert Lord of the place For he Fryers âbertines as they write being a man very much admired and of singular reputation for educating women by the authority of Eugenius the 3d. Pope of Rome in the year of our Lord 1148 altho' contrary to the constitutions of Justinian who forbad all double Monasteries that is of men and women promiscuously introduced an order of men and women which encreased to that degree that he himself founded 13 Convents out of it and liv'd to see in them 700 Gilbertine Fryers and 1100 Sisters but their modesty was not to be bragg'd of if we may believe Nigellus a Satyrist of that age who thus upbraids them Harum sunt quaedam steriles quaedam parientes Virgineoque tamen nomine cuncta tegunt Quae pastoralis baculi dotatur honore Illa quidem meliùs fertiliusque parit Vix etiam quaevis sterilis reperitur in illis Donec eis aetas talia posse neget Some are good breeders here and others fail But all is hid beneath the sacred veil She that with pastoral staff commands the rest As with more zeal so with more fruit is blest Nor any one the courtesie denies Till age steals on and robs them of their joys Next is Folkingham a Barony likewise of the Clintons Lords oâ Fââkingham but once of the Gaunts descended from Gilbert de Gandavo or Gaunt â Nâpâââ grandson to Baldwin Earl of Flanders on whom William the Conquerour very liberally bestow'd great possessions for thus an old Manuscript has it Memorandum That there came in with William the Conquerour one Gilbert de Gaunt to whom the said William having dispossest a woman nam'd Dunmock granted the Manour of Folkingham with the appurtenances thereto belonging and the honour annex'd to it The said Gilbert had Walter de Gaunt his son and heir who had Gilbert de Gaunt his son and heir and Robert de Gaunt his younger son and the said Gilbert the son and heir had Alice his daughter and heiress who was married to Earl Simon and gave many tenements to Religious men but dyed without issue by her The Inheritance then descended to the aforesaid Robert de Gaunt her uncle who had Gilbert his son and heir who had another Gilbert his son and heir who had also another Gilbert his son and heir by whom the Manour of Folkingham with its appurtenances was given to Edward the son of Henry King of England This Gilbert â H. 3. ãâ¦ã as it is in the Plea-rolls out of which this Genealogy is prov'd su'd for service against William
Nobâââ with Vincent's Corections p. 471. Dugd Baâââ T. 1. p. 334. f Upon the death of Edward Earl of Shrewsbury Febr. 7. 1617 the last heir-male of John the third Earl of this family the honour came to the house of Grafton now the seat of Charles Earl of Shrewsbury who is the next lineal heir of this Sir Gilbert Talbot mention'd by our Author g From hence this river goes to Droitwich or Durtwich Durtwich the original whereof says our Author may bear some analogy to the Hyetus in Boeotia from its dirty soil And indeed Stephanus Byzantius in his book De Urbibus under ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã mentions this reason of the name * See ãâã saâââ Nevertheless it is more probable that this town in Boeotia deriv'd its name from Hyettus an exile from Argos who fix'd here for the Greek name is not ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã but ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã h Here says Mr. Camden arise three springs of brine and indeed at present there are only three but anciently as late as King Henry the seventh there were five They do not observe the seasons of wealling which our Author mentions nor do they at any time leave off because the brine is too weak to make salt for the springs yield strong brine all the year round but only when they judge the quantity of salt made sufficient to serve their markets which they are careful not to overstock They now burn coal and not wood in their Seales The town it self is very wealthy it had great privileges granted it by King John whose Charter they have to shew at this day They were also much favour'd by his son King Henr. 3. and other Princes particularly in this present Century K. James 1. in the 22d year of his reign granted them a Charter The Borough is govern'd by two Bailiffs and a certain number of Burgesses they send also two Members to Parliament i As to the Bullions of salt mention'd by Mr. Camden in his quotation from Domesday what proportion that is I cannot determine Monsieur du Cange in his Glossary contents himself to say in general that 't is a measure of Salt I am apt to think 't is the same with Bullitiones in Domesday-book where an account is given of the rent of eight fats belonging to the King and Earl at Nantwich which paid every Friday 16 Bullitiones See Sir Peter Leicester's Antiquities p. 427. Where it follows that 15 of these made unam summam one seam or horse-load or 8 bushels Spelm. Gloss in Summa And in Monast Angl. tom 2. p. 256. col 2. four sums are said to contain 40 bullions which I conceive to be Barrows the size whereof hath been different at different places and times k A little below the Saltwarp joyns it self to the Severn and goes along with it to Worcester Worcestâââ * Burtoâ Antoniâ Iâinerat p. 252. whose original is referr'd by John Rous of Warwick to King Constantius I suppose he means Chlorus As to the British name of the place Mr. Burton thinks our Author mistaken when he names it out of Ninnius Caer Guorangon and Guorcon perhaps as to the latter he is which Arch-bishop Usher judgeth to be either Warwick or Wroxeter in Shropshire but as to Caer Guorangon * Primââ Eccles c. 5. the learned Primate agrees with Mr. Camden The conjecture of those who derive the name Wireceaster from Wyre-forest is very groundless for that forest lies near twelve miles from the city and as much in Shropshire as in this County Doubtless Wirecester is a contraction of Wigora or Wigra-cester as 't was call'd in the days of the Conquerour and his sons And Wigracester it self seems to be a contraction of Wic-para-cester i.e. the city of the men of Wiccia just as Canterbury is of Cant-para-byrig i.e. the burrough of the men of Kent The difference in writing Weogora Weogorena Weogorna and Wigra-cester is of no moment for our Saxon-Ancestors used eo and i indifferently as Beorhtpald Birhtpald Weohstan Wihstan so Weogora Wiogora and Wigra-cester And the difference in termination is as little material for as here we have Weogora and Weogorena-cester so in Bede we have Cantpara and Cantparena byrig The present name Worcester is either form'd from Wircester by the change of one vowel or else by contracting and melting the g in Weogorcester ãâ¦ã ââorâââer The name Wigornia is made like Cantuaria by softening the termination after the mode of the Latins Florentius who dy'd above 60 years before Joseph of Exeter dedicating his book to Baldwin us'd the name Wigornia so that Joseph tho' he might be as Mr. Camden hath it one of the first yet he was not as some * âââon's âââent ãâã Antoââ p. 252 others will have him the first writer who call'd this city by that name l Our Author mentioning the expulsion of Secular Priests notes in the margin A. D. 964. which is the date of King Eadgar's Charter in the Church of Worcester This date tho' very nicely particular having the Indiction the year of the King the day of the month and the week is nevertheless manifestly false For Florentius the Annals of Worcester and other monuments with one consent fix the expulsion of the Secular Priests in the year 969. and some of them add that Winsius was created Prior in the year 971. which Winsius is in the body of this Charter mention'd as then actually Prior so that 964 cannot be the true date â ãâ¦ã p. ãâã 5â2 ãâã m Mr. Camden is very particular in recounting the calamities of this city amongst which we may very well reckon the plunder thereof by the Cromwellians after Worcester-fight ãâã de ãâã ãâ¦ã Brit. ãâ¦ã Sept. 3. 1651. wherein the Army consisting mostly of Scots who endeavour'd to re-inthrone King Charles the second being routed that Prince was wonderfully conceal'd till he could make his escape into France n He next gives us in short the civil Administration of the city but since that time by virtue of a Charter of King James 1. dated Octob. 2. in the 19th year of his reign this City is govern'd by a Mayor and six Aldermen who are Justices of the Peace these Aldermen are chosen out of the 24 capital Citizens a Sheriff usually chosen out of the said 24 likewise a Common-Council consisting of 48 other Citizens out of which number there are annually elected the two Chamberlains They have also a Recorder a Town-Clerk two Coroners c. The City is a County of it self o Between Worcester and Speechley on a rising ground is probably the old Oswald's-Law which â âââd's ãâ¦ã p. 434. Sir Henry Spelman says signifies as much as Lex Oswaldi and intimates the Constitution for expelling married Priests and is follow'd in that opinion by other learned men But it must be observ'd that in ancient writings it is not Oswaldes laga but law which signifieth a knap or little-hill and Edgar's Charter gives
designs took him off r In the late Civil wars being made a garrison it was almost ruin'd so that he left his project unfinish'd 22 And the old Castle defac'd The family of these Corbets is ancient and of great repute in this Shire and held large estates by fealty of Roger de Montgomery Earl of Shrewsbury about the coming in of the Normans viz. Roger Corbet the son held Huelebec Hundeslit Actun Fernleg c. Robert Corbet the son held lands in Ulestanston Corbet pranomen Rotlinghop Branten Udecot 23 And in later ages this family far and fairly propagated receiv'd encrease both of revenue and great alliance by the marriage of an heir of Hopton More to the south lies Arcoll Arcoll a seat of the Newports 24 Knights of great worship descended from the Barons Grey of Codnor and the Lords of Mothwy Knights and in its neighbourhood is Hagmond-Abbey Hagmond-Abbey which was well endow'd if not founded by the Fitz-Alanes Not much lower is pleasantly situated upon the Severn the Metropolis of this County risen out of the ruins of old Uriconium which we call Shrewsbury Shrewsbury and now a-days more softly and smoothly Shrowsbury Our Ancestors call'd it Scrobbes-byrig because the hill it stands on was well wooded In which sense the Greeks nam'd their Bessa and the Britains this city Penguerne that is the brow of Alders where likewise was a noble Palace so nam'd but how it comes to be call'd in Welsh Ymwithig by the Normans Scropesbery Sloppesbury and Salop and in Latin Salopia I know not unless they be deriv'd from the old word Scrobbes-berig differently wrested Yet some Criticks in the Welsh tongue imagine 't was call'd Ymwithig as much as Placentia from the Welsh Mwithau and that their Bards gave it that name because their Princes of Wales delighted most in this place It is situated upon a hill the earth of which is of a red-dish colour the Severn is here passable by two fair bridges and embracing it almost round makes it a Peninsula as Leland our Poet and Antiquary describes it Edita Pinguerni late fastigia splendent Urbs sita lunato veluti mediamnis in orbe Colle tumet modico duplici quoque ponte superbit Accipiens patriâ sibi linguâ nomen ab alnis Far off it's lofty walls proud Shrewsb'ry shows Which stately Severn 's crystal arms enclose Here two fair bridges awe the subject stream And Alder-trees bestow'd the ancient name 'T is both naturally strong and well-fortified by art for Roger de Montgomery who had it given him by the Conquerour built a Castle upon a rising rock i in the northern parts of this town after he had pull'd down about 50 houses whose son Robert when he revolted from King Hen. 1. enclos'd it with walls on that side where the Severn does not defend it k which were never assaulted that I know of in any war but that of the Barons against King John When the Normans first settl'd here 't was a well-built city and well frequented for as it appears by Domesday-book 25 In King Edward the Confessor's time it paid Gelt according to an hundred Hides In the Conquerour's time it paid yearly seven pounds c. it was tax'd 7 l. 16 s. to the King yearly There were reckon'd 252 Citizens 12 of whom were bound to keep guard when the Kings of England came hither and as many to attend him whenever he hunted which I believe was first occasion'd by one Edrick Sueona a Mercian Duke but a profligate villain who ſ An. Christi 1006. Flor. Wigorn. not long before had way-lay'd Prince Alfhelm and slain him as he was hunting At which time as appears by the same book there was t There are not now the least remains of any such custom a custom in this city That what way soever a woman marry'd if a widow she should pay to the King 20 shillings but if a virgin 10 shillings in what manner soever she took the husband But to return this Earl Roger not only fortify'd it but improv'd it much by other useful buildings both publick and private and founded a beautiful Monastery dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul and endow'd it liberally as he did likewise u The very marks of this Church are quite gone unless it was mistaken for St. Giles's yet standing in the same parish tho' ruinous and which some alledge was the ancient Parish-Church the Church-yard of it being yet their common place of burial St. Gregory's Church upon these conditions so a private history of this Monastery expresses it That when the Prebendaries thereof should die the Prebends should go to the Monks From which arose no small contest for the Prebendaries sons su'd the Monks to succeed their fathers in those Prebends and at that time Prebendaries and Clerks in England were not oblig'd to celibacy but it was customary for Ecclesiastical Benefices to descend hereditarily to the next of blood Prebends inheritable But this controversie was settled in Henry 1.'s reign That heirs should not inherit Ecclesiastical Benefices about which time laws were enacted obliging Clergy-men to celibacy Afterwards other Churches were here built and to pass by the Covents of Dominican Franciscan and Augustine Friers sounded by the Charltons Jenevills and Staffords there were two Collegiate Churches w Besides these there are two other Parish-Churches within the walls St. Alkman's and St. Julian's erected St. Chads with a Dean and ten Prebendaries and St. Mary's with a Dean and nine minor Prebends At this day 't is a fine City well inhabited of good commerce and by the industry of the Citizens their Cloath-manufacture and their trade with the Welsh very rich for hither all Welsh commodities are brought as to the common Mart of both Nations It 's Inhabitants art partly English partly Welsh they use both Languages and this must be mention'd in their praise that they have set up 25 A School wherein were more Scholars in number when I first saw it than any School in England one of the largest Schools in England for the education of youth for which Thomas Aston the first Head-School-master a man of great worth and integrity provided by his own industry a competent Salary l 26 It shall not now I hope be impertinent to note that when divers of the Nobility conspir'd against King Henry 4. with a purpose to advance Edmund Mortimer Earl of March to the Crown as the undoubtful and right heir whose father King Richard the second had also declar'd heir-apparent and Sir Henry Percy call'd Hot-Spur then addressed himself to give the assault to Shrewsbury c. At this city when Henry Percy the younger rebell'd against Henry the fourth and was resolutely bent to attack its walls which that King had made exceeding strong by a turn of Fortune he was prevented and his measures broken in a trice for the King himself was suddenly at his
a garison-castle is so situate upon the river that no ships can pass to Waterford or Ross but by its permission and therefore they took care to fortifie it in the year 1588 when the Spaniards intended to conquer Ireland From hence to the very mouth of the river a narrow neck of land shoots out upon which stands a high tower built by the citizens of Ross in the time of their prosperity for the direction of mariners into the river's mouth At a little distance from hence upon a winding shore stands Tintern Tintern Monast de Voto where William Marshall Earl of Pembrooke built a famous Monastery and called it De Voto because in a dangerous storm he had made a vow to found one and being here cast upon the shore chose this place Hieron Promontory This very Promontory Ptolemy calls Hieron which signifies sacred and I don't question but it was call'd to the same sense by the inhabitants For the last town in it Byaun in Irish sacred where the English landed when they first invaded this Island is call'd in Irish Banna which signifies holy From this Holy-Promontory the shore turns eastward and winds about again for a long way towards the north over-against which the sea is full of flats and shallows very dangerous and called by the mariners the Grounds The Grounds Here Ptolemy fixes the river Modona The river Modona and the city Menapia standing at the mouth of it names so utterly lost at this day that I plainly despair of giving any light to a thing so very much involved in darkness Yet seeing there is but one river empties it self here and that in a manner parting this country in two called Slane as also The river Slane that upon the mouth where it stagnates there stands a city call'd by a German name Weisford Weisford the head town of this County methinks I could at least conjecture with some confidence that this Slane is that Modona and this Weisford Menapia and the rather because this name is but novel and of a German original having been given it by those Germans whom the Irish call Oustmen This city is none of the greatest but as remarkable as any being the first of this Island that submitted to the English reduced by Fitz-Stephens a valiant Commander and made a Colony of the English Upon this account this shire is very full of English who dress after the old fashion and speak the old language but with some allay and mixture of Irish Dermic who first drew the English hither gave this city and the territory about it to Fitz-Stephen for ever who began a burrough-town hard by at Carricke and with great art improved those advantages wherewith nature had fortified the place But he having surrendred his right to King Henry the second the King made it over to Richard Earl of Pembrook in fee to hold of him and the Kings of England for ever from whom by the Earls Mareschals it fell to the Valences of the family of Lusignian in France and the Hastings it fell to the Greys Lord of Ruthin called always in old Charters Lords of Weisford though in Henry the 6th's time J. Talbot is once mentioned 18 In the Records in the Acts of Parliament by the title of Earl of Shrewsbury and Weisford Concerning the river take this Distick of Necham's such as it is Ditat Eniscortum flumen quod Slana vocatur Hunc cernit Weisford se sociare sibi Enrich'd by Slane does Eniscort appear And Weisford sees him join his stream with her For c Eniscorthy Eniscort a Burrough-town stands upon this river as also more inward upon the same Fernes only famous for its Bishop's See which the Fitz-Giralds formerly fortified with a castle Hard by on the other side the Slane live the Cavenaghs the Donels Montaghs and O-mores Irish families of turbulent and seditious spirits as also the Sinotts the Roches and the Peppards all English On this side those of greatest note are the Viscounts Mont-Garret the first of whom was 19 Richard Edmund Butler a younger son of Peter Earl of Ormond dignified with that title by Edward the 6th and many other of the same name with the Devereux Staffords Chevers Whites Forlongs Fitz-Harrys Brownes Hores Haies Coddes and Mailers of English blood and original as are very many of the common people CAVCI The Cauci THE Cauci who were also a people of Germany seated upon the sea inhabited that part of the country next the Menapii but not at the same distance as those in Germany They lived in that sea-coast country now possess'd by the O-Tools O-Tools and Birns Birns Irish families that live by blood and wickedness ever restless and unquiet confiding in the strength of their forts and garisons they obstinately withstand all law and live in implacable enmity with the English To put a stop to their outrage and to make them conformable to the laws it was debated by very wise men in the year 1578 how those parts might be reduced into a County and at last they were divided into six Baronies and laid within certain limits constituting d This County of Wicklow has besides the town of Wicklow famous for the best ale in Ireland the town of Arklow several pretty Villages and some Noblemen's seats It is so well inhabited with English and by them improved to that degree as to make it inferior to few Counties in this Kingdom the County of Wicklo or Arcklo Arcklo For here is a place of that name which is eminent above the rest and a castle of the Earls of Ormond who among other titles of honour stile themselves Lords of Arcklo Below which that river call'd Ovoca in Ptolemy runs into the sea 20 Making a Creek and as Giraldus Cambrensis says is of that nature that as well when the tide flows as ebbs in this creek it retains its natural taste and freshness preserving it self unmixt and free from any tincture of salt to the very sea The County of DIVELIN or DVBLIN BEyond the Cauci lived the Eblani in that tract which is now the County of Dublin or Divelin bounded on the east by the Irish sea on the west by the County of Kildare on the south by the little territories of the O-Tools and O-Birns and those which they term the Glinnes ââe Glinâââ and lastly on the north by the County of Meath and the river Nanny The soil produces good corn and yields grass and fodder very plentifully and the County is well stock'd with game both for hunting and fowling but so naked for the most part that they generally burn a fat kind of a turf or else coal out of England instead of wood In the south part which is less improved and cultivated there is now and then a hill pretty thick with wood upon the top of it under which lie the low vales call'd Glynnes thick set with woods and
perswasion and a well-grounded zeal let the world judge After so many testimonies Mr. Camden might very well say Epist 19â My Life and my Writings shall apologize for me and despise the reproaches of one Ibid. Who did not spare the most Reverend and Learned Prelates of our Church Epist 195. nor was asham'd to bely the Lords Deputies of Ireland and others of honourable rank In his Writings he was candid and modest in his conversation easie and innocent and in his whole Life eaven and exemplary He dy'd at Chesilhurst the ninth day of November 1623. in the 'T is by a mistake in his Monument 74. 73d year of his Age. Being remov'd from London on the nineteenth of the same Month he was carry'd to Westminster-Abbey in great pomp The whole College of Heralds attended in their proper habits great numbers of the Nobility and Gentry accompany'd and at their entrance into the Church the Prebends and the other Members receiv'd the Corps in their Vestments with great solemnity and conducted it into the Nave of the Church After the Funeral-Sermon preach'd by Dr. Sutton one of the Prebends they buried him in the South-Isle hard by the learned Casaubon and over against the ingenious Chaucer Over the place is a handsome Monument of white Marble with his Effigies to the middle and in his hand a Book with BRITANNIA inscrib'd on the Leaves Under this is the following Inscription QUI FIDE ANTIQUA ET OPERA ASSIDUA BRITANNICAM ANTIQUITATEM INDAGAVIT SIMPLICITATEM INNATAM HONESTIS STUDIIS EXCOLUIT ANIMI SOLERTIAM CANDORE ILLUSTRAVIT GUILIELMUS CAMDENUS A B. ELIZABETHA R. AD. REGIS ARMORUM CLARENTII TITULO DIGNITATEM EVOCATUS HIC SPE CERTA RESURGENDI IN CHRISTO S. E. Q. OBIIT AN. DNI 1623. 9 NOVEMBRIS AETATIS SUAE 74. M R CAMDEN's PREFACE I Think I may without the least scruple address the courteous Reader in the same words I made use of twenty years ago upon the first Edition of this Book with some very small additions The great Restorer of the old Geography Abraham Ortelius thirty years ago did very earnestly sollicit me to acquaint the World with Britain that ancient Island that is to restore Britain to its Antiquities and its Antiquities to Britain to renew the memory of what was old illustrate what was obscure and settle what was doubtful and to recover some certainty as much as possible in our affairs which either the carelesness of Writers or credulity of vulgar Readers had totally bereft us of A great attempt indeed not to say impossible to which undertaking as no one scarce imagines the Industry requisite so no one really believes it but he who has made the experiment himself Yet as the difficulty of the design discourag'd me on the one side so the honour of my native Country encourag'd me on the other insomuch that whilst I dreaded the task and yet could not decline doing what I was able for the Glory of my Country I found I know not how the greatest contrarieties Fear and Courage which I thought could never have met in one man in strict confederacy within my own Breast However by the blessing of God and my own Industry I set about the work full of resolution thought study and daily contrivance and at spare times devoted my self wholly to it I have made but a timorous search after the Etymology of Britain and its first Inhabitants nor have I positively asserted what admits of doubt for I very well know that the original of Countries are obscure and altogether uncertain over-run as it were with the rust of age and like objects at a great distance from the beholders scarce visible Thus the courses and mouths of great Rivers their turnings their confluence are all well known whilst their Springs for the generality lye hid and undiscover'd I have traced the ancient divisions of Britain and have made a summary Report of the States and judicial Courts of these flourishing Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland I have compendiously settl'd the bounds of each County but not by measure and examin'd the nature of the soil the places of greatest antiquity what Dukes what Earls what Barons there have been I have set down some of the most ancient and honourable Families for 't is impossible to mention them all Let them censure my performance who are able to make a true judgment which perhaps will require some consideration but Time that uncorrupted witness will give the best information when Envy that preys upon the living shall hold its peace Yet this I must say for my self that I have neglected nothing that could give us any considerable light towards the discovery of hidden Truth in matters of Antiquity having gotten some insight into the old British and Saxon Tongues for my assistance I have travell'd very near all over England and have consulted in each County the men of best skill and most general intelligence I have diligently perus'd our own Writers as well as the Greek and Latin ones that mention the least tittle of Britain I have examin'd the publick Records of this Kingdom Ecclesiastical Registers and Libraries Acts Monuments and Memorials of Churches and Cities I have search'd the ancient Rolls and cited them upon occasion in their own stile tho' never so barbarous that by such unquestionable evidence Truth might be restor'd and vindicated Yet possibly I may seem guilty of imprudence and immodesty who tho' but a smatterer in the business of Antiquities have appear'd a scribler upon the stage of this learned age expos'd to the various censures of wise and judicious men But to speak the truth sincerely the natural affection I have for my Country which includes the good will of all the glory of the British original and perswasion of Friends have conquer'd that shyness of mine and forc'd me whether I would or no against my own judgment to undertake a work I am so unfit to prosecute for which I expect on all sides to be attack'd with prejudice censure detraction and reproach Some there are who cry down the study of Antiquity with much contempt as too curious a search after what is past whose authority as I shall not altogether slight so I shall not much regard their judgment Nor am I wholly without reasons sufficient to gain the approbation of men of honesty and integrity who value the honour of their native Country by which I can recommend to them in these studies a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction of mind becoming men of breeding and quality But if there are such men to be found who would be strangers to Learning and their own Country and Foreigners in their own Cities let them please themselves I have not wrote for such humours There are others perhaps who will cavil at the meanness and roughness of my language and the ungentileness of my stile I frankly confess Neither is every word weigh'd in Varro's scale nor did I design to gratifie the Reader with a nosegay
Richard 3. or thereabouts and positively determines against Transubstantiation The other two are transcrib'd out of the Bodleian Library one is translated and the other is now a translating by Mr. Keigwin the only person perhaps that perfectly understands the tongue a And so much for the County in general We will now go along with Mr. Camden in his description of it who to confirm his conjecture about the Original of the name Cornwall observes some other places of the like denomination To his instances may be added the City Carnon otherwise call'd Carna meerly upon the account of it's standing upon an angle cut out by two high-ways that met there in a point and Corsica call'd by the Phoenicians Carnatha which was afterwards mollify'd by the Greeks into ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã all from it 's having so many Promontories And these names being all in the Eastern Countries seem to favour an opinion produc'd by a ââes 5â later Author that this County originally had the name from the Phoenicians who traded hither for tinn cheren in their language being a horn For besides that there is no other Promontory in this Island of that name tho' the shape of several would answer it well enough which argue that it was no custom amongst the Britains to give such names besides this I say the nature of the thing does very much favour it for the form depending intirely upon the increase or decrease of the sea-coast Sailors might better discover it at a distance than the inhabitants could do by land or by the assistance of their little boats with which they ply'd only upon the very shores But what if quitting this we should derive the name from Carn which signifies in British a rock as much more easie and natural and not requiring the assistance of a strong fancy to help it out That the place it self would suit with such a conjecture is agreed by all and our histories inform us that when the Britains betook themselves to those parts they had a particular eye to the rocks and mountains as the most likely place for shelter so eminent was that country for them This opinion is yet more probable if we consider that several of these rocky hills to this day retain the name of Carn as Carn-Innis Carn-chy Carn-bray Carn-margh Carn-ulac c. b The latter part of the name 't is true implies a stranger but the Saxons did not call such an one Wealsh but Wealh as appears by Wealh-beod a foreign nation Wealh-stod an interpreter and such like And this no doubt gave the name to the Welsh in general tho' * De Vitiit Serm. l. 2. c. 20. Vossius â Rerum Scotic lib. 2. Buchanan â German Antiqu. l. 1 c. 9. Cluver and others rejecting our Author's judgment have advanc'd another conjecture affirming it to come from Gaule by a change of g into w according to the German dialect For say they the Saxons coming over and observing them to have the same language with the Gaules as also the same customs and ways of living presently term'd them Gaules or Waules But besides that the Saxons could not be so much surpriz'd at this affinity having by their piracies for many years got a tolerable knowledge of both nations * Somner's Glossar the name of Weallas was not us'd till the utter subversion and expulsion of the poor Britains Bede calls them Britones and in Alfred's Version of him we meet with Bryttas and Breotene Bretene Brytene c. but not a word of the Weallas or Wallia whereas to express Gaule we find Gallia and Gallia-ride The first mention of it is in the Laws of King Ina which were made at least a hundred years after the extirpation of the Britains and when that was effected what could be more natural than to call those peregrini and extranei pilgrims and travellers whom they had forc'd to quit their native Country and look out for a new seat c After the Original of the name our Author is very distinct in his account of the Stannaries Stannariâs or tinn-mines It may be farther worth our observation that tho' Cornwall now have the greatest share in them there being little or no tinn made in Devonshire yet in K. John's time there was more found in that County than in Cornwall For it appears that the Coynage of Devonshire was then set to farm for 100 l. per An. whereas that of Cornwall yielded but 100 marks And according to this proportion the tenth thereof amounting to 16 l. 13 s. 4 d. is at this day paid by the Crown to the Bishop of Exeter But K. John did not first bestow these tenths upon the Church as some say for he only restor'd them upon a complaint made by the Bishop that those who rented the Stannaries refus'd to pay him his due In the working of these tin mines there has been often found mix'd with the-tinn another sort of Ore which was yellow commonly call'd Mundick Mundick neglected for a long time by the Tinners and when it was work'd along with the tinn went all away in a smoak which was look'd upon to be very unwholsome But lately it has been try'd and wrought singly by some curious undertakers and is found to turn to very great advantage by affording true copper So that whereas before the value of the tinn made it neglected now the extraordinary return that copper makes is like to lessen the value of tinn This Mundick as in some respects it is very unwholsome so in others it is a sovereign remedy Where there have been great quantities of it working in the mines was very dangerous by reason of the great damps and unwholsome steams which often rising on a sudden choak'd the workmen But for this it makes amends by an effect entirely contrary for being apply'd to any wound before it is wrought it suddenly heals it and the workmen when they receive cuts or wounds as they often do in the mines use no other remedy but washing them in the water that runs from the Mundick-ore But if it is drest and burnt the water in which 't is wash'd is so venomous that it festers any sore and kills the fish of any river it falls into Our Author tells us that all the Tinn after 't is wrought is to be brought to one of the four Towns to be stamp'd c. The stamp is the seal of the Dutchy and the towns Liskeard Lostwithiell Truro and Helston but since Mr. Camden's time Pensans also is made a Coynage-town In Edw. 1. time Bodmyn made up a fifth but in the reign of Edw. 2. upon a petition to the King and Council made by the men of Lostwithiell it was given in favour of the latter and Bodmyn depriv'd of that privilege There are also two other Coynages which the Tinners call Post-Coynages and for which they pay 4 d. for every hundred weight these are at Lady-day and Christmas After the
the celebrated Organ at Ulme This city gave birth to Henrietta Maria youngest daughter to K. Charles 1. to William Petre âho was Secretary and Privy-Counsellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth and seven times Embassadour in foreign parts and lastly to Sir Thomas Bodley employ'd by Queen Elizabeth to several foreign Courts but especially famous for his founding the Publick Library in the University of Oxford call'd after his own name nn Thomas the last Earl of Exeter mention'd by our Author was succeeded by William his son and heir who dying without issue-male The Eaââs continu'd left that honour to David Cecil Son of Sir Richard Cecil who was second son to Thomas Earl of Exeter This David was succeeded by John his son and heir and he by his son of the same name o At the confluence of Ex and Clist is Topesham Topheshaâ an ancient town that hath flourish'd much by the obstructions of the river Ex. Several attempts have been made to remove these dammes but none so effectual as the new works in the time of King Charles 2. at the vast expence indeed of the City of Exeter but to such advantage that Lighters of the greatest burden come up to the city-key On the east of Exeter is a parish call'd Heavy-tree Heavy-tâââ memorable for the birth of Hooker the judicious Author of the Ecclesiastical Polity and of that great Civilian Dr. Arthur Duck. The next parish is Pinhoe Pinhoe remarkable for bringing forth the two Rainolds John and William brothers zealous maintainers both of the Reform'd and the Popish Religion in their turns Not far from hence is Stoke-Canon Stoke-Cânon given by K. Canute to the Church of Exeter a representation of which gift was to be seen not long ago in a window of the Parish-Church there viz. a King with a triple Crown and this Inscription Canutus Rex donat hoc Manerium Eccles Exon. Four miles east of Exon we pass the river Clyst near which upon Clyst-heath Clyst-heath the Cornish rebels were totally defeated An. 1549. by John Lord Russel afterwards Earl of Bedford p Next is Honnyton Honnyâââ where the market was anciently kept on Sundays as it was also in Exeter Launceston and divers other places till in the reign of K. John they were alter'd to other days Over the river Ottery is Vennyton bridge Vennytââ-bridge at which in the time of Edw. 6. a battle was fought against the Cornish rebels q And upon the same river stands Budley Budley famous for being the birth-place of that great Statesman and Historian Sir Walter Rawleigh r From whence to the north east is Sidmouth Sidmouââ now one of the chiefest fisher-towns of those parts s And Seaton Seaton where the inhabitants formerly endeavour'd to cut out a haven and procur'd a Collection under the Great Seal for that purpose but now there remain no footsteps of that work t The river Ax passeth by Ford Ford. to which Abbey the Courtneys were great benefactours it is now in the hands of Edmund Prideaux Esq Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of K. Richard 1. was first Monk and then Abbot here Ax empties it self into the sea at Axmouth Axmoâââ formerly a good harbour for ships Several attempts have been made to repair this decay'd haven by the family of the Earles but all in vain u Crossing the country to the north-west we meet with Hartland Hartââââ the possessions of which Monastery were confirm'd by Richard 1. with the grant of great immunities particularly of a Court holding plea of all matters saving life and member arising in their own lands In the time of Q. Elizabeth a Bill was preferr'd in the house of Commons for finishing that port Not far from this is Clovelly-harbour Cloâââââ secur'd by a Piere erected at great charges by the Carys who have had their seats here from the time of Richard 2. 'T is now the most noted place in those parts for herring-fishing At a little distance lies Hole or South-hold Sââth-hold the native place of Dr. John Moreman Vicar of Maynhennet in Cornwall towards the latter end of Henry 8. memorable upon this account that he was the first who taught his Parishioners the Lord's Prayer Creed and ten Commandments in the English tongue By which we learn in how short a time that language has entirely prevail'd against the native Cornish w Upon the river Ock is Okehampton âkehampton which as it had formerly 92 Knights fees belonging to it so it is at present a good market town incorporated by K. James 1. sends Burgesses to Parliament and gives the title of Baron to the family of the Mohuns More to the north lies Stamford-Courtney Stamford-Courtney where began a great insurrection in the time of K. Edward 6. by two of the inhabitans one of whom would have no Gentlemen the other no Justices of Peace x At a little distance is North-Tawton North-Tawton where there is a pit of large circumference 10 foot deep out of which sometimes springs up a little brook or bourn and so continues for many days 'T is taken by the common people as a fore-runner of publick sorrow as that Bourn in Hertfordshire call'd Woobournmore Directly towards the north upon the river Moule lieth South-moulton âouth-âoulton an ancient town incorporate formerly call'd Snow-moulton when it was held by the Martyns by Sergeanty to find a man with a bow and three arrows to attend the Earl of Gloucester when he should hunt thereabouts x From hence to the south-west is Torrington âârrington call'd in old Records Chepan-Torrington an ancient Borough which sent Burgesses to Parliament But that privilege hath been long discontinu'd both here and in other places in this County It was incorporated by Queen Mary by the name of Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses and hath yielded the title of Earl to George Duke of Albemarle the great Restorer of K. Charles 2. as after him to Christopher his only son and since to Arthur Herbert the present Earl late Lord Admiral y The river goes next to Bediford âediford mention'd by our Author for it's bridge It is so high that a ship of 50 or 60 tunn may sail under it For which and for number of arches it equals if not exceeds all others in England 'T was begun by Sir Theobald Granvill and for the finishing of it the Bishop of the Diocese granted out Indulgences to move the people to more liberal contributions and accordingly great sums of money were collected This place hath been in the possession of the Granvills ever since the Conquest a family famous particularly for Sir Richard Granvill's behaviour in Glamorganshire in the reign of W. Rufus and another of the same name under Q. Elizabeth who with one ship maintain'd a sea-fight for 24 hours against 50 of the Spanish Galeons and at last yielded upon
this city being both besieg'd and storm'd first surrender'd it self to the Saxons and in a few years as it were recovering it self took the new name of Akmancester q and grew very splendid For Osbrich in the year 676. built a Nunnery and presently after when it came into the hands of the Mercians King Offa built another Church but both were destroy'd in the Danish Wars r Out of the ruins of these there grew up another Church dedicated to S. Peter to which Eadgar sirnam'd the Peaceful because he was there inaugurated King granted several immunities the memory whereof the inhabitants still keep up by anniversary sports In the times of Edw. the Confessor as we read in Domesday-book it gelded for 20 Hides when the Shire gelded There were 64 Burgesses of the King 's and 30 of others But this flourishing condition was not lasting for presently after the Norman Conquest Robert Mowbray nephew to the Bishop of Constance who rais'd a hot rebellion against William Rufus plunder'd and burn'd it But it got up again in a short time by the assistance of John de Villula of Tours in France who being Bishop of Wells did as Malmesbury informs us y Malmesbury has it quingentis libris i.e. 500 pounds for five hundred marks purchase the city of Henry 1. whither he translaâed his See z He was only stil'd Bâshop of Bath subscribing himself commonly Joannes Lathon as Doctor Gaidot in his MS. history of the place has prov'd by several instances tho' still retaining the name of Bishop of Wells and built him here a new Cathedral But this not long ago being ready to drop down Oliver King Bishop of Bath laid the foundation of another near it exceeding large and stately which he well-nigh finish'd And if he had quite finish'd it without all doubt it had exceeded most Cathedrals in England But the untimely death of that great Bishop with the publick disturbances 38 And the suppression of Religious houses ensuing and the avarice of some persons who as t is said converted the money gather'd thro' England for that end to other uses envy'd it this glory s However from that time forward Bath has been a flourishing place both for the woollen manufacture and the great resort of strangers 39 For health twice a year and is now encompass d with walls wherein they have fix'd some ancient images and Roman Inscriptions to evidence the Antiquity of the place but age has so wore them out that they are scarce legible And lest any thing should be wanting to the Dignity of Bath Earls of Bath it has honour'd some of the Nobility with the title of Earl For we read that Philebert de Chandew born in Bretagne in France had that title conferr'd upon him by King Henry 7. Afterwards King Henry 8. in the 28th year of his reign created John Bourchier Lord Fitz-Warin Iâquis 31 Hen. 8. Earl of Bath 40 Who dyed shortly after leaving by his wife the sister of H. Daubenây Earl of Bridgewater John second Earl of this family who by the daughter of George Lord Roos had John Lord Fitz-Warin who deceased before his father having by Frances the daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson of Hengrave Wâlliam now third Earl of Bathe who dying in the 31 year of the same King was succeeded by John his son who dy'd in the third year of Queen Elizabeth He before the death of his father had John Lord Fitz Warin from whom is descended William the present Earl of Bath who every day improves the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learning ss Geographers make the Longitude of this City to be 20 degrees and 56 minutes the Latitude 51 degrees and 21 minutes For a conclusion take if you please those Verses such as they are concerning Bathe made by Necham who flourish'd 400 years ago Bathoniae thermas vix praefero Virgilianas Confecto prosunt balnea nostra seni Prosunt attritis collisis invalidisque Et quorum morbis frigida causa subest Praevenit humanum stabilis natura laborem Servit naturae legibus artis opus Igne suo succensa quibus data balnea fervent Aenea subter aquas vasa latere putant Errorem figmenta solent inducere passim Sed quid sulphureum novimus esse locum Scarce ours to Virgil's Baths the preference give Here old decrepit wretches find relief To bruises sores and ev'ry cold disease Apply'd they never fail of quick success Thus human ills kind nature does remove Thus nature's kindness human arts improve They 're apt to fancy brazen stoves below To which their constant heat the waters owe. Thus idle tales deluded minds possess But what we know that 't is a sulph'ry place Take also if you think them worth your reading two ancient Inscriptions lately digg'd up upon the high-way below the city in Waldcot-field and remov'd by Robert Chambers a great admirer of Antiquities into his gardens where I transcrib'd them C. MVRRIVS C. F. ARNIENSIS FORO IVLI. MODESTVS MIL. LEG II. * Adjââââcis prae âlicis AD. P. F. IVLI. SECVND AN. XXV STIPEND â Hic sââ est H. S. E. DIS MANIBVS M. VALERIVS M. POL. EATINVS * C. EQ MILES LEG AVG. AN. XXX STIPEN X. H. S. E. I saw likewise these Antiquities fasten'd on the inner side of the wall between the north and west gates Hercules holding up his left hand with his Club in the right In a broken piece of stone is this writing in large and beautiful letters * Decââioni DEC COLONIAE â Glevi ãâã Glocester GLEV. VIXIT AN. LXXXVI Next leaves folded in Hercules bending two snakes and in a sepulchral table between two little images one whereof holds an Amalthaean horn there is written in a worse character and scarce legible D. M. SVCC PETRONIAE VIXIT ANN. IIII. * Meââ M. IIII. â Dies D. XV. EPO MVLVS ET VICTISIRANA â Filix ârissime âcerunt FIL. KAR. FEC A little below in a broken piece of stone and large letters is VRN IOP Between the west and south gates Ophiucus enfolded by a serpent two men's heads with curl'd locks within the copings of the walls a hare running and underneath in a great stone this in letters a cross VLIA ILIA A naked man as 't were laying hands upon a soldier also between the battlements of the walls leaves two lying kissing and embracing each other a footman brandishing his sword and holding forth his shield another footman with a spear and these letters a-cross on a stone III VSA IS VXSC. And Medusa's head with her snaky hairs t Upon the same river Avon which is the bound here between this County and Glocestershire on the western bank of it is Cainsham Cainââ so nam'd from Keina a devout British Virgin whom many of the last age through an over-credulous temper believ'd to have chang'd serpents into stones Serpeââ stones because they find sometimes in
has been a long series of successors no less eminent for wealth and honour than for piety and devotion 5 But among others St. Swithin continues yet of greatest fame not so much for his sanctity as for the rain which usually falls about the feast of his translation in July by reason the Sun then is Cosmically with Praesepe and Aselli noted by ancient writers to be rainy Constellations and not for his weeping or other weeping Saints Margaret the Virgin and Mary Magdalen whose feasts are shortly after as some superstitiously credulous have believed and by a peculiar privilege are Chancellors to the Archbishop of Canterbury and Prelates of the Garter Some of these at great expence have beautify'd and enlarg'd this Church particularly Edington and Walkeling but above all Wickham who with incredible cost built the West part of the Church from the Choire a neat and curious piece of work in the middle of which between two pillars is his own monument The Church has been accordingly dedicated to new Patrons Amphibalus Peter Swithin and lastly to the Holy Trinity by which name it is at present call'd Among the Saxons it was in great repute for being honour'd with the Sepulture of some of their Kings whose bones were gathered by Richard Fox Bishop and put into little gilded Coffins which with their several Inscriptions he placed upon a wall that runs along the upper part of the Quire It was formerly call'd h Ealdan-Mynster Chron. Sax. Ealden-mynster i.e. the old Monastery or Minster to distinguish it from the more modern one i Niwan-Mynster Chron. Sax. NeÆ¿an-mynster i.e. New Minster which King Aelfred founded and to build the Offices belonging to it bought of the Bishop a certain peice of ground for every foot whereof he paid one Mark according to the publick Standard This new College as well as the old one was first founded for marry'd Priests who were afterwards expelled by Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury upon the miracle of a Cross speaking and condemning the Order and so Monks were brought into their room These two Monasteries had their walls so near one another that when they were singing in one the noise was a disturbance to the other upon which arose some quarrels between the two Societies that afterwards broke out into feuds This reason and another inconvenience of a great confluence of waters which ran down the streets from the West-gate and making a standing pool at this new Monastery did infect the air with unwholsome vapours caus'd the Church 200 years after it's first building to be remov'd into the northern suburbs to a place call'd Hide Hide-Abby where by the licence of Henry 1. the Monks built a large and beautiful Monastery which within a few years by the treachery of Henry of Blois Bishop of Winchester as a private little History of that place tells us was miserably burnt down in which fire was consum'd that famous Cross the gift of Canute the Dane that as some old Records deliver it cost him the yearly revenue of all England But the Monastery was raised again to a noble fabrick as the present ruines testifie and grew by degrees till that fatal period for the destruction of Monks For then this house was demolished and the other of St. Trinity which is the Cathedral Church upon ejection of the Monks had a new foundation of a Dean and 12 Prebendaries At the East-side of the Cathedral stands a spacious k It was built A. D. 1137. by Henry Bishop of Winchester Leiger-Book of St. Cross in the hands of Mr. Worsley palace of the Bishop's call'd Wolvesey fortify'd by several turrets almost surrounded by the river and reaching to the City-walls m In the south suburbs there is a neat College that answers it which William of Wickham Bishop of this See the greatest patron and encourager of Learning that was in England A College bââââ by William of Wickham and whose memory shall be celebrated through all ages in the Monuments of Learning built for a publick school which affords great numbers of learned men both to Church and State In this are maintain'd gentilely a Warden 10 Fellows 2 Masters 70 Scholars l Particularly 3 Chaplains 3 Clerks an Organist 16 Choristers and the statutable servants with some others There are also other eminent buildings in this City most of them consecrated to religious uses which because time has destroy'd I have no mind to mention n tho' I cannot but take notice of that * Partheâââm St. Mary's Abby Nunnery or Monastery for Virgins which Aelfwide wife to King Alfred founded it having been so noble a piece of building as the ruines of it still shew and the place out of which Henry 1. Maud wife to Henry 1. took his wife Maud daughter of Malcolm King of Scots by whom the Royal families of the Saxons and Normans were united and by which means that Prince gain'd much on the affections of the English For she was great grand-daughter to Edmund Ironside by his son Edward The banished and a Lady not only endow'd with all the vertues becoming a Queen but more especially eminent for piety and devotion Whereupon this old Tetrastick was made in her commendation Prospera non laetam fecêre nec aspera tristem Aspera risus ei prospera terror erant Non decor effecit fragilem non sceptra superbum Sola potens humilis sola pudica decens Nor bless'd rejoyc'd nor when unhappy mourn'd To laughter grief and joy to fear she turn'd Nor beauty made her frail nor sceptres proud Humble tho' great and scarce more fair than good As to Guy Earl of Warwick so famous in story who in a single combat here conquer'd Colbrand that Danish â Typhoëus Giant and Waltheof Earl of Huntingdon beheaded in this place where afterward was the Chapel of St. Giles and as to the famous adjoyning Hospital of St. Cross founded by Henry de Blois Brother of King Stephen and Bishop of this City and farther endow'd by Henry de Beaufort Cardinal I shall say nothing of all these because a full relation is already given of them in our common Histories As to the Earls of Winchester Earls of Winchester to pass by Clito a Saxon who at the coming in of the Normans was depriv'd of this ancient honour King John made Saer Quincy Earl of Winchester The Quincy's Arms. whose Arms were * Baltheus militaris a Fesse with a â Lemniscus label of seven as I learn'd from his seal To him succeeded Roger his son who bore in a field Gules seven â Rhombos Mascles voided Or. But he dying without Issue male the honour was extinct in him for he marry'd the oldest daughter and co-heir by a former wife of Alan Lord of Galloway in Scotland in whose right he was Constable of Scotland But by her he had only 3 daughters of whom the eldest was marry'd to William de Ferrariis Earl of
who was his Godfather See Bede lib. 4. c. 13. and upon Baptism gave him this token of adoption Their Country is now divided into three Hundreds with a very little change of the name Meansborow Eastmean o Weastmean is only a Tithing and not a Hundred as the other two Weastmean within which there is a rais'd hill surrounded at the top with a large trench and call'd Old Winchester where tradition tells us there was an ancient City but there is now not the least mark or sign of it so that one may easily imagine it to have been only a Roman Summer-Camp Below this lies Warnford Warnford where Adam de Portu a man of great wealth in those parts under William the Conqueror rebuilt the Church as we are taught by a rude distich fixed on the wall Addae hic portu benedicat solis ab ortu Gens Deo dicata per quem sic sum renovata Good folks in your devotions ev'ry day For Adam Port who thus repair'd me pray q More inward there border upon these the Segontiaci Segontiaci who submitted themselves to Caesar and inhabited the Northern limits of this County living in the Hundred of Holeshot in which we meet with Aulton a Market-town that King Alfred by will left to the Keeper of Leodre and Basingstoke Basingstoke that has a well-frequented market and a very neat Chapel dedicated to the Holy Ghost built by William the first Lord Sands who there lies bury'd Upon the roof of it the history of the Prophets Apostles and Disciples of Christ is very artificially describ d. Below this place Eastward lies Basing Baâing famous for it's Lords of that Sirname St. Johns St. Johns Poinings and Powlets For when Adam de Portu Lord of Basing marry d the daughter and heir of Roger de Aurevall whose wife was the daughter and heir of the noble family of the St. Johns Out of ãâã old m ãâ¦ã this ãâã then William son of the said Adam took the honorary title of St. John which was retain'd by his successors in a right line But when Edmund de St. John in the time of Edward 3. died without issue Margaret his sister marrying John de St. Philibert brought to him the whole estate of the Lords St. John She likewise dying without issue Isabel her other sister wife of * Sir Luke Hol. Luke Poynings had by him Thomas Lord of Basing whose grandchild Constantia by his son Hugh became heir to this part of the estate and being marry'd into the family of the Powlets was the great grandmother of that William Powlet Powlet who by K. Henr. 8. was made Baron St. John of Basing and by King Edward 6. Earl of Wiltshire and Marquess of Winchester and being Lord High Treasurer of England after he had in most troublesome times run through a course of the highest honours He lived ââ years dy'd in a good old age a happiness that rarely attends Courtiers He built here a seat both for largeness and beauty wonderfully magnificent but which was so overpower'd by it's own weight that his posterity have been forc'd to pull down a part of it r Nigh this place we see The Vine Vines ãâã brought ãâã to Engâaâd a very neat house of the Barons of Sandes and so call'd from Vines which we have had in Britain more for shade indeed than fruit Vopiscus ever since the time of Probus the Emperor For 't was he that gave liberty to the Britains and some other nations to have Vines The first Baron of this family was â Sir William Hol. William Sandes Barons ãâã Sandes whom King Henry 8. advanc'd to that honour when he was his Chamberlain and had encreas'd his estate by marriage with Margery Bray daughter and heir of John Bray and Cousin of Reginald Bray Knight of the Garter and a most eminent Baneret To him was born Thomas Lord Sandes grandfather to William now living Nigh this place to the south-east lies Odiam Odiam now proud of a Palace of the King 's and once known for the prison of David 2. King of Scots It was formerly a free burrough of the Bishop of Winchester's Matth ââris the Castle whereof in the reign of K. John was defended by 13 English for 15 days together against Lewis Dauphine of France who straitly besieged it with a great Army Higher up among the Segontiaci upon the Northern edge of the County lay the City of these Segontiaci Vindonum which losing it's old name Vindâââ took that of it's inhabitants as Lutetia in France borrow'd it's name from the Parisians For this place was call'd by the Britains Caer Segonte that is the City of the Segontians and so Ninnius terms it in his Catalogue of Cities we at this day call it Silcester Silcester and Higden seems to give it the name of Britenden from the Britains I am induc'd to call this place the Vindonum because it agrees with the distances of Vindonum from Gallena or Guallenford and from Vinta or Winchester in the Itinerary of Antoninus and the rather too because there is a military way still visible between this Silcester and Winchester Ninnius tells us this City was built by Constantius son of Constantine the Great and that it was once call'd Murimintum perhaps for Muri-vindun that is the Walls of Vindonum for the Britains retain the word Mure borrow'd from the Provincial language and the V consonant they often change into M in their pronunciation On the ground whereon this City was built I deliver Ninnius's words the Emperâr Constantius sow'd 3 grains of Corn that no poor person might ever inhabit there So Dinocrates at the building of Alexandria in Egypt as Ammianus Marcellinus has it strowed all the out-lines with â Farioâ Wheat by which Omen he foretold that that City should always be supplied with plenty of provisions The same Author also reports that Constantius dy'd here and that his sepulchre was to be seen at the gate of the City as appear'd by the inscription But in these matters let Ninnius vindicate his own credit who indeed has stuff'd that little history with a great many trifling lies But thus much I dare affirm that this city was in great repute in that age and I myself have here found several coins of Constantine Junior son of Constantine the Great which on their reverse have the figure of a building and this inscription PROVIDENTIAE CAESS But all writers agree that Constantius whom Ninnius makes the builder of this city dy'd at Mopsuestia or Mebsete in Cilicia and was thence carry'd to the sepulchre of his Ancestors at Constantinople ãâ¦ã I deny not but that a â sepulchre or honorary grave might be here made for the Emperor for such like â Barrows of earth were often made in memory of the dead âmulâ âorary ãâã or âows round which the souldiers had yearly their solemn exercises in
presently turn'd their backs and betook themselves every man to flight The Norman proud and haughty with this victory in memory of the battel Battel erected an Abbey and dedicated it to St. Martin which he call'd â Battel-Abbey in that very place where Harold after many wounds died amongst the thickest of his enemies that it might be as it were an eternal monument of the Norman victory 25 And therein he offer'd his Sword and Royal Robe which he ware the day of his Coronation These the Monks kept until their suppression as also a Table of the Normans Gentry which entred with the Conqueror but so corruptly in later times that they inserted therein the names of such as were their Benefactors and whosoever the favour of fortune or virtue had advanc'd to any eminency in the subsequent ages About this Abby there grew up afterwards a town of the same name or to use the words of the private History As the Abbey encreas'd there were built about the compass of the same 115 houses of which the town of Battel was made Wherein there is a place in French call'd Sangue-lac from the blood there shed which after a shower of rain from the nature of the earth seems to look reddish whereupon Guilielmus Neubrigensis wrote but with little of truth The place in which there was a very great slaughter of the English fighting for their Country if it happen to be wetted with a small showre sweats out real blood and as it were fresh as if the very evidence thereof did plainly declare that the voice of so much Christian blood doth still cry from the earth to the Lord. But King William granted many and great privileges to this Abbey And amongst others to use the very words of the Charter If any thief or murderer or person guilty of any other crime fly for fear of death and come to this Church let him have no harm but be freely dismissed Be it lawful also for the Abbot of the same Church to deliver from the Gallows any thief or robber wheresoever if he chance to come by at the execution Henry 1. A marke on Sunâây likewise to give you the very words of his Charter instituted a market to be there kept on the Lord's Day free from all Toll and other duty whatsoever But Anthony Viscount Mountague who not long since built a fine house there obtain'd of late by authority of Parliament to have the market chang'd to another day And as for the privileges of Sanctuary in those more heinous and grievous crimes they are here and every where else quite abolish'd by Act of Parliament For they perceiv'd well that the fear of punishment being once remov'd outragiousness and an inclination to commit wickedness grew still to a greater head and that hope of impunity was the greatest motive of ill doing Neither here nor in the neighbourhood saw I any thing worth relating Ashburnham but only Esuburnham that has given name to a family of as great antiquity as any in all this tract g Hastings Hastings before spoken of call'd in Saxon Hastinga-ceaster lies somewhat higher upon the same shore Some there are that ridiculously derive it from Haste in our tongue because as Matthew Paris writes At Hastings William the Conquerour hastily set up a fortress of timber But it may rather seem to have taken this new name k William the Norman speaks of this Hasting in Henry Huntingd. Hist 7. f. 211. a from Hasting a Danish Pirate who where he landed with design to ravage and raise booty built sometimes little fortresses as we read in Asserius Menevensis of Beamflote-Castle built by him in Essex and others at Apledor and Middleton in Kent 25 The tradition is That the old Town of Hastings is swallow'd up of the sea That which standeth now as I observ'd is couched between a high cliff sea-ward and as high an hill landward having two streets extended in length from N. to S and in each of them a Parish Church The Haven such as it is being fed but with a poor small Rill is at the south end of the town and hath had a great Castle upon the hill which over-commanded it now there are only ruines thereof and on the said hill light-houses to direct Sailers in the night time Here in the reign of K. Athelstan was a Mint It is the chief of the Cinque-ports Cinque-âorts which with it's members Winchelsea Rye c. was bound to find 21 ships for war at sea If you have a mind to know in what form both this and the rest also were bound to serve the King in his wars at sea for those most ample immunities they enjoy here take it in the very same words wherein this was anciently recorded in the King's Exchequer Hastings with it's members ought to find 21 ships at the King's summons And there ought to be in every ship 21 men able fitly qualified well arm'd and well furnish'd for the King's service Yet so as that summons be made thereof on the King's behalf 40 days before And when the aforesaid ships and men therein are come to the place of rendezvous whereunto they were summon'd they shall abide there in the King's service for 15 days at their own proper costs and charges And if the King shall have further need of their service after the 15 days aforesaid or will have them stay there any longer those ships with the men therein while they remain there shall be in the King's service at the King's costs and charges so long as the King pleases The Master of each ship shall have sixpence a day and the Constable sixpence a day and every one of the rest three pence a day 26 Thus Hastings flourish'd long inhabited with a warlike people and skilful sailors well stor'd with Barks and Craies and gained much by fishing which is plentiful along the shore But after that the Peer made of timber was at length violently carry'd away by extream rage of the sea it hath decay'd and the fishing less used by the reason of the dangerous landing for they are enforced to work their vessels to land by a Capstall or Crain In which respect for the bettering of the town Q. Elizabeth granted a contribution toward the making of a new harbour which was begun but the contribution was quickly converted into private purses and the publick good neglected Nevertheless both Court the Country and City of London is serv'd with much fish from thence The whole Rape of Hastings together with the Honour ââmites ââenses âgo de âgi Earls ãâã Ew was held by the Earls of Ew in Normandy descended from a Natural son of Richard 1. Duke of Normandy till Henry 3's time when Ralph de Issodun in France marry'd Alice whose posterity lost a noble estate in England because as the Lawyers then deliver'd it they were under the King of France 's Allegiance 27 When K. Henry
humane frailty promises them money fixing a time against which he would procure it that if within that no acceptable ransom offer'd it self whereby he might escape a momentary death he might however purge himself by frequent groans to be offer'd a lively sacrifice to the Lord. When the time appointed was come this greedy gulf of Pirates calls forth the servant of the Lord and with many threatnings presently demands the tribute he had promis'd His answer was Here am I like a meek lamb ready to undergo all things for the love of Christ which you presume to inflict upon me that I may be thought worthy of being an example to his servants This day I am no way disturb'd As to my seeming a lier to you it was not my own will but the extremity of want that brought me to it This body of mine which in this exile I have lov'd but too much I surrender to you as criminal and I know it is in your power to do with it what you please but my sinful soul over which you have no power I humbly commit to the Creator of all things While he spake thus a troop of profane villains encompass'd him and got together several sorts of weapons to dispatch him Which when their Captain Thurkil perceiv'd at some distance he ran to them in all haste crying I desire you would not by any means do so I freely divide among you my gold silver and whatever I have or can procure except the ship only on condition you do not offend against the Lord 's â Ciâââ Anointed But this fair language did not soften the unbridled anger of his fellows harder than iron and rocks nor could it be appeas'd but by the effusion of innocent blood which they presently and unanimously spilt by pouring upon him Ox-heads and showres of stones 8 And to the memory of this S. Eâlpheg is the Parish-Church here consecrated and sticks Now the place is famous for being a Royal seat built by Humfrey Duke of Glocester and call'd by him Placentia K. Hen. 7. very much enlarg'd it added to it a small house of Friers Mendicants and finish'd that tower 9 Famous in Spanish fables which Duke Humfrey had begun on the top of a high hill from which there is a most pleasant prospect down to the winding river and the green meadows that lie below 10 To the City of London and the country round about It is now much enlarg'd and beautify'd for which it is indebted to it 's new inhabitant Henry Howard Earl of Northampton 11 Lord Privy-Seal c. But the greatest ornament by far that Greenwich has is our Elizabeth who being born here by a happy providence did so enlighten Britain nay and even the whole world with the rays of her royal virtues that no praise can equal her merit But as to what concerns Greenwich take the verses of our Antiquary Leland Ecce ut jam niteat locus petitus Tanquam sydereae domus cathedrae Quae fastigia picta quae fenestrae Quae turres vel ad astra se efferentes Quae porro viridaria ac perennes Fontes Flora sinum occupat venusta Fundens delicias nitentis horti Rerum commodus aestimator ille Ripae qui variis modis amoenae Nomen contulit eleganter aptum How bright the lofty seat appears Like Jove's great palace pav'd with stars What roofs what windows charm the eye What turrets rivals of the sky What constant springs what smiling meads Here Flora's self in state resides And all around her does dispence Her gifts and pleasing influence Happy the man who'ere he was Whose lucky wit so nam'd the place As all it's beauties to express I have nothing else to observe in this place unless it be not to let the memory of deserving and worthy persons perish that William Lambard a person of great learning and singular piety built a hospital here for relief of the poor which he call'd Queen Elizabeth's College for the poor 12 And as the prying Adversaries of our Religion then observ'd was the first Protestant that built an Hospital âm Behind this at scarce three miles distance lies Eltham a retiring place also of the Kings 13 But unwholsomly by reason of the moate built by Anthony Bec Bishop of Durham and Patriarch of Jerusalem and bestow'd upon Eleanor wife to K. Edward 1. after he had craftily got the estate of the Vescies to whom it formerly belong'd For 't is said that this Bishop whom the last Baron of Vescy made his Feoffee in trust ãâã of âam that he might keep the estate for William de Vescy his young son but illegitimate scarce dealt so fair with this Orphan as he should have done 14 But despoil'd him of Alnwick Castle this and other fair lands breach Below Greenwich the Thames throwing down it's banks has laid several acres of ground under water and some for many years endeavouring to keep it out at vast expence scarce find their works and walls able to defend the neighbouring fields against the incursions of the Tide 15 Which the Canons of Liesnes adjoyning kept sweet and found land in their times This Abbey was founded 1179. by Lord Richard Lucy Chief Justice of England and by him dedicated to God and the memory of Thomas of Canterbury whom he so admired for his piety while others condemned him for pervicacy against his Prince as he became here a devoted Canon to him There is great plenty of Cochlearia or Scurvygrass ââygrass growing here which some Physicians will have to be Pliny's Britannica and upon that account I mention it in this place f But take Pliny's own words In Germany when Germanicus Caesar remov'd his Camp forward beyond the Rhine in the maritime tract there was one fountain and no more of fresh water which if one drank of his teeth would drop out in two years time and the joynts of his knees become loose and feeble Those evils the Physicians term'd Stomacace and Sceletyâbe The herb Britannica For remedy hereof the herb call'd Britannica was found out not only good for the sinews and mouth but also against the Squinsie and stinging of serpents c. The Frisians where our Camp was show'd it to our soldiers and I wonder what should be the reason of that name unless the Inhabitants of the sea-coasts dedicated it to the name of Britain as lying so near it But the learned Hadrianus Junius in his Nomenclator brings another See in the British liles concerning the Armamentarium Britaânââcum and indeed more probable reason of the name whom for your satisfaction please to consult for this word Britannica has drawn me out of my road The Thames afterwards growing narrower is met by the river Darent which coming out of Surrey flows with a gentle chanel not far from Seven-oke Seven-oke so call'd as they say from seven Oaks of an exceeding height
high taken down when half-dead and beheaded and the trunk of his body thrown into the fire a punishment too inhumane and but very seldom made use of in this kingdom Upon this his goods being confiscate King Edward the first frankly gave this Castle with the Hundred of Felebergh to 66 Sir Bartholomew Bartholomew de Badilsmer but he too within a short time forfeited both of them for Treason as I observed but just now 'T is a current report among the Inhabitants that Julius Caesar encampt here in his second expedition against the Britains and that thence it was call'd Julham as if one should say Julius's station or house and if I mistake not they have truth on their side For Caesar himself tells us that after he had march'd by night 12 miles from the shore he first encounter'd the Britains upon a River and after he had beat them into the woods that he encamp'd there where the Britains having cut down a great number of trees were posted in a place wonderfully fortify'd both by nature and art Now this place is exactly twelve miles from the sea-coast nor is there e're a river between so that of necessity his first march must have been hither where he kept his men encamp'd for ten days till he had refitted his fleet shatter'd very much by a tempest and got it to shore Below this town is a green barrow said to be the burying place of one Jul-Laber many ages since who some will tell you was a Giant others a Witch For my own part imagining all along that there might be something of real Antiquity couch'd under that name I am almost perswaded that Laberius Durus the Tribune Liberius Dârus the Tribune slain by the Britains in their march from the Camp we spoke of was buried here and that from him the Barrow was call'd Jul-laber y At five miles distance from hence the Stour dividing it's chanel runs with a violent current to Durovernum Duroverââm the chief City of this County to which it gives the name for Durwhern signifies in British a rapid river It is call'd by Ptolemy instead of Durovernum Darvernum by Bede and others Dorobernia by the Saxons Cant-Æ¿ara-byrig i.e. the City of the people of Kent by Ninnius and the Britains Caer Kent i.e. the City of Kent by us Canterbury Canterbury and by the Latins Cantuaria A very ancient City and no doubt famous in the times of the Romans Not very large as Malmesbury says 67 Four hundred years since nor very little famous for it's situation for the fatness of the neighbouring soil for the walls enclosing it being entire for it's convenience for water and wood and besides by reason of the nearness of the Sea it has fish in abundance While the Saxon Heptarchy flourish'd it was the Capital city of the Kingdom of Kent and the seat of their Kings till King Ethelbert gave it with the Royalties to Austin 68 The Apostle as they call'd him Austin the English Apostle consecrated Archbishop of the English nation who here fix'd a seat for himself and Successors And tho' the Metropolitan-dignity with the honour of the Pall this was a Bishop's vestment What a Pal. is going over the shoulders made of a sheep's skin in memory of him who sought the Lost sheep and when he had found it lay'd it on his shoulders embroider'd with Crosses and taken off the body or coffin of S. Peter were settl'd at London by S. Gregory Pope yet for the honour of S. Augustine it was remov'd hither For Kenulfus King of the Mercians writes thus to Pope Leo. An. â93 Because Augustine of blessed memory who first preach'd the word of God to the English nation and gloriously presided over the Churches of Saxony in the city of Canterbury is now dead and his body bury'd in the Church of S. Peter Prince of the Apostles which his Successor Laurentius consecrated it seemeth good to all the wise men of our nation that that city should have the Metropolitan honour where his body is bury'd who planted the true faith in those parts But whether the Archiepiscopal See and Metropolitical Dignity of our nation were settl'd here by the authority of the Wise men i.e. to speak agreeably to our present times by authority of Parliament or by Austin himself in his life time as others would have it 't is certain that the Popes immediately succeeding fixt it so firm that they decreed an Anathema and hell-fire to any one that should presume to remove it From that time 't is incredible how it has flourisht both by reason of the Archiepiscopal dignity and also of a School which Theodore the seventh Archbishop founded there And tho' it was shatter'd in the Danish wars and has been several times almost quite destroy'd by the casualties of fire yet it always rose again with greater beauty After the coming in of the Normans when William Rufus as 't is in the Register of S. Augustine's Abby gave the City of Canterbury entirely to the Bishops which they had formerly held only by courtesie what by the name of Religion and bounty of it's Prelates especially of Simon Sudbury who repair'd the walls it did not only recruit but altogether on a sudden rose up to that splendour as even for the beauty of it's private buildings to be equal to any city in Britain but for the magnificence of it's Churches and their number exceeds even the best of them Amongst these there are two peculiarly eminent Christs and S. Austin's both for Benedictine Monks As for Christ-Church 't is in the very heart of the City and rises up with so much Majesty that it imprints a sort of a Religious veneration at a distance The same Austin I spoke of repair'd this Church which as Bede tells us had formerly been built by the Romans that were Christians he dedicated it to Christ and it became a See for his Successors which 73 Archbishops have now in a continu'd series been possess'd of Of whom Lanfrank and William Corboyl when that more ancient fabrick was burnt down rais'd the upper part of the Church to that Majesty wherewith it now appears as their Successors did the lower part both done at great charges to which the pious superstition of former ages contributed For numbers of all sorts both highest middle and lowest quality flock'd hither with large offerings to visit the Tomb of T. Becket Archbishop He was slain in this Church by the Courtiers for opposing the King too resolutely and warmly by asserting the Liberties of the Church was register'd on that account by the Pope in the Kalendar of Martyrs had divine honours pay'd him and was so loaded with rich offerings that gold was one of the vilest Treasures of his Shrine All says Erasmus who was an eye-witness shin'd sparkl'd glitter'd with rare and very large jewels and even in the whole Church appear'd a profuseness above that of Kings n At the
full of windings and turnings GLOCESTERSHIRE GLocestershire in the Saxon tongue gleaucestâschyre was the chief Seat of the Dobuni It is bounded on the west by Monmouthshire and Herefordshire on the north by Worcestershire on the east by Oxfordshire and Warwickshire â And Barkshire Hol. and on the south by Wiltshire and part of Somersetshire A pleasant and fertile County stretching out in length from northeast unto southwest The most eastern part which swelleth with rising Hills is call'd Cotteswold The middle part is a large fruitful Plain which is water'd by the most noble river Severne that gives as 't were life and spirit to the Soil The more western part lying on the other side Severne is altogether shaded with Woods But enough of this William of Malmesbury easeth me of the labour who fully describes this County and sets forth it 's excellence Take what he writes in his Book De Pontificibus The Vale of Glocester is so call'd from its chief City the soil whereof yieldeth variety of fruits and plants and all sorts of grain in some places by the natural richness of the ground and in others by the diligence of the Country-man enough to excite the idlest person to take pains when it repays his sweat with the increase of an hundred fold Here you may behold the high-ways and publick roads full of fruit-trees not set but growing naturally The Earth of its own accord bearing fruit exceeding others both in taste and beauty many of which continue fresh the whole year round and serve the owner till he is supply'd by a new Increase There is no Province in England hath so many or so good Vineyards Vineyards as this County either for fertility or sweetness of the Grape The wine whereof carrieth no unpleasant tartness being not much inferiour to the French in sweetness The Villages are very thick the Churches handsome and the Towns populous and many To all which may be aâded in honour of this County the river Severne Severne than which there is not any in the Land that hath a broader Chanel swifter stream or more plenty of fish There is in it a daily rage and boisterousness of waters which I know not whether I may call a Gulph or Whirlpool casting up the sands from the bottom and rowling them into heaps it floweth with a great torrent but loses its force at the first Bridge Sometimes it overfloweth its banks and wanders a great way into the neighbouring Plains and then returneth back as conquerour of the Land That Vessel is in great danger that is stricken on the side the Watermen us'd to it when they see this Hygre Hygâ coming for so they call it in English do turn the Vessel and cutting through the midst of it avoid its violence What he says concerning the hundred-fold increase doth not at all hold true neither do I believe with those idle and dissatisfied Husbands whom Columella reprehends that the soil is wore out by its excessive fruitfulness in former Ages and become barren But yet not to mention other things we have no reason to admire that so many places in this County from their Vines are called Vineyards since they formerly afforded plenty of Wine and that they yield none now is rather to be imputed to the sloth and unactiveness of the Inhabitants than the indisposition of the Climate a But why in some parts of this County * See ãâã Ed. ââ as we read in our Statutes by a private custom which hath now grown into a Law The Lands and Tenements of condemned persons are forfeited to the King only for a year and a day and after that term expired contrary to the custom of all England beside return to the next heirs let the Lawyers enquire since 't is not to my purpose b And now let us survey those three parts in their order which I mention'd before GLOCESTER SHIRE By Rob t Morden ââââton And since Avon in the British Language signifieth a River it is not improbable it took it's name from the river In the same sense among us to omit many others we have Waterton Bourne Riverton and the Latins have their Aquinum and Fluentium And I am the more ready to believe that this town took it's name from the river because at this place they us'd to ferry over from whence the town opposite to it was called Trajectus by Antonine but without doubt there is an error in the computation of the distance between these two places since he makes it 9 miles betwixt Trajectus and Abone whereas the river is scarce two miles over But I suppose it may have lost it's name or rather dwindld into a village The Ferây when passengers began to ferry over lower or when Athelstan expell'd the Welsh thence For he was the first according to William of Malmesbury who drove the Welsh beyond the river Wye and whereas in former times Severn did divide the Welsh or the Cambri and the English he made the Wye to be their Boundary whence our Countryman Neckham Inde Vagos Vaga Cambrenses hinc respicit Anglos On this side Wye the English views On that the winding Welsh pursues ãâã Brââââis Not far from Wye stands amongst tufts of trees St. Breulais Castle more than half demolished famous for the death of Mahel youngest son of Miles Earl of Hereford for there by the just judgment of heaven he was remarkably punished for his greedy designs inhumane cruelty and boundless Avarice always usurping on other men's rights with all these vices he is taxed by the writers of that age For as Giraldus writes being courteously treated here by 2 Sir Walter Clifford Walter de Clifford and the castle taking fire he lost his life by the fall of a stone on his head from the highest tower Here is nothing more remarkable in this woody place e 3 Beside Newnham a pretty market and Westbury thereby a seat of the Bamhams of ancient descent but that Herbert who marry'd the daughter of the aforesaid Mahel Earl of Hereford was in right of his wise call'd Lord of Deane from whom the noble family of the Herbert's deduce their original who gave rise to the Lords of Blanleveny and more lately ãâã in Dârââshââe to the Herberts Earls of Huntingdon and Pembroke and others From which family if we may credit D. Powel in his Welsh History Aââââny ââââerbert was descended Anthony Fitz-Herbert whom the Court of Common Pleas of which he was sometimes chief Justice and his own most elaborate treatises of the Common Law do manifest to have been singularly eminent in his faculty But others affirm he was descended from the Fitz-herberts a Knightly family in the County of Derby and indeed in my opinion more truly âââârn The river Severn call'd by the Britains Haffren after it hath run a long way in a narrow chanel f at it's first entrance into this Shire receives the Avon and
another small river that runs into it from the East âââkesbuâââ between which is seated Tewkesbury in the Saxon tongue Theocsbury by others nam'd Theoci Curia so call'd from Theocus that there led the life of an hermit a large and fair town having 3 bridges over 3 rivers leading to it famous for the making of woollen cloth âââtârd and smart biting Mustard but formerly most noted for an ancient Monastery g founded by Odo and Dodo two brothers in the year of our Lord 715 where their palace formerly stood as they shew us by the following inscription HANC AULAM REGIA DODO DUX CONSECRARI FECIT IN ECCLESIAM Which being almost ruin'd by age and the fury of Wars was repair'd by Robert Fitz-hamon Fitz-hamon a Norman 4 Lord of Corboile and Thorigny in Normandy translating Monks from Cranborn in Dorsetshire hither piously designing to make what satisfaction he was able for the loss the Church of Bajeux in Normandy sustain'd which Henry 1. consumed with fire to free him from prison but afterwards repenting of the fact rebuilt it It cannot saith William of Malmesbury be easily conceiv'd how much Robert Fitz-hamon adorned and beautified this Monastery where the stateliness of the buildings ravish'd the eyes and the pious charity of the Monks the affections of all persons that came thither In this Monastery he and his successors Earls of Glocester were interr'd who had a castle hard by call'd Holmes that is now ruin'd Neither was it less famous for the bloody overthrow that the Lancastrians received in this place in the year 1471 in which battel many of them were slain more taken and beheaded their power so weaken'd and their hopes so defeated by the death of Edward the only son of K. Hen. 6. and he very young whose brains were barbarously beaten out here that they were never afterwards able to make any head against King Edw. 4. Whence J. Leland writes thus of this town Ampla foro partis spoliis praeclara Theoci Curia Sabrinae qua se committit Avona Fulget nobilium sacrisque recondit in antris Multorum cineres quondam inclyta corpora bello Where Avon's friendly streams with Severn joyn Great Tewkesbury's walls renown'd for trophies shine And keep the sad remains with pious care Of noble souls the honour of the war From hence we go down the stream to Deorhirst Deorhirst which is mentioned by Bede it lyeth very low upon the Severn whereby it sustaineth great damages when the river overfloweth It had formerly a small Monastery which was ruined by the Danes but reflourished under Edward the Confessor who as we read in his Will assigned it with the government thereof to the Monastery of St. Denis near Paris But a little after as Malmesbury saith it was only an empty monument of antiquity h Over-against this in the middle of the river lies a place call'd Oleneag and Alney by the Saxons now the Eight i.e. an Island Famous upon this account that when the English and Danes had much weaken'd themselves by frequent encounters to shorten the War it was agreed that the fate of both nations should be determin'd by the valour of Edmund King of the English and Canutus King of the Danes in a single combat who after a long doubtful fight agreed upon a peace and the Kingdom was divided between them but Edmund being quickly taken out of the world not without suspicion of poyson the Dane seised upon the whole i From Deorhirst the river Severn 5 Runneth down by Haesfield which K. Hen. 3. gave to Richard Pauncefote whose successors built a fair house here and whose predecessors were possessed of fair lands in this country before and in the Conqueror's time in Wiltshire after various windings and turnings parts it self to make the Isle of Alney rich and beautiful in fruitful green meadows and then hastens to the chief city of the county which Antoninus calls Clevum or Glevum the Britains Caer Gloui the Saxons Gleaucester we Glocester Glocester the vulgar Latins Glovernia others Claudiocestria from the Emperour Claudius who as is reported gave it that name when he here married his daughter Genissa to Arviragus the British King whom Juvenal mentions Regem aliquem capies vel de temone Britanno Excidet Arviragus Some captive King thee his new Lord shall own Or from his British chariot headlong thrown The proud Arviragus comes tumbling down as if Claudius his three wives brought him any daughters besides Claudia Antonia and Octavia or as if Arviragus was known in that age when his name was scarce heard of in Domitian's reign But leaving those that make their own conjectures pass for the records of venerable antiquity I should rather adhere to Ninnius his opinion who derives this name from Glouus the great grand-father of King Vortigern only I find Glevum mention'd long before by Antoninus which the distance from Corinium with its name confirm to be the same But as the Saxon name Gleauecester came from Glevum so Glevum by analogy came from the British name Caer Glowi and that I believe from the British word Glow which in their language signifies fair and splendid so that Caer Glow is the same as a fair City Upon the same account among the Greeks arose the names of Callipolis Callidromos and Callistratia and amongst the English Brightstow â And Shirley and in this County Fair-ford 6 Fairley c. This City was built by the Romans on purpose to be a curb to the Silures and a Colony placed there call'd Colonia Glevum for a The Inscription is still to be read at Bath I have seen the remains of an ancient stone in the walls of Bath near the North-gate with the following Inscription * decurio DEC COLONIAE GLEV VIXIT ANN. LXXXVI This City lyes extended upon Severne and on that side where it is not wash'd with the river is secured in some places with a strong wall being beautify'd with many fair Churches and handsome well-built Streets On the south part was once a Castle built of square stone but now almost quite ruin'd it was first raised in the time of William the Conqueror and 16 houses were demolished in that place as Doomsday book mentions it to make room for this edifice About which as Roger de Monte writes Roger the son of Myles Constable of Glocester commenced his action at Law against King Henry 2. and also Walter his brother lost the right he had both to the City and Castle Ceaulin King of the West-Saxons first took this City by force of arms from the Britains in the year 570. then it came under the Jurisdiction of the Mercians under whom it long flourished in great repute here Osrick King of the Northumbrians by the permission of Ethelred King of the Mercians founded a great and stately Monastery for Nuns over which Kineburga Eadburga and Eva all Mercian Queens successively presided Edelfieda likewise that famous Lady
call'd the Vineyard Vineyards and another on a rising hill by Oversbridge near Glocester where was a large house moted round belonging to the Bishop of Glocester built about the year 1351. by the Abbot of Glocester but 't was totally ruin'd in the late Civil Wars b The Custom of having forfeited Estates return'd them is now lost by desuetude for upon the strictest enquiries among understanding men it does not appear that 't is us'd oâ claim'd in any part of this County c The present Forest of Dean âean forest contains about 30000 Acres the soil a deep clay fit for the growth of Oak The hills are full of Iron-ore which colour the several Springs that have their passage through them Here are several Fornaces for the making of Iron which by the violence of the fire becomes fluid and being brought to their forges are beat out into Barrs of various shapes The workmen are very industrious in seeking out the Beds of old Cinders which not being fully exhausted are burnt again in the furnaces and make the best Iron The Oak of the forest was so very considerable that 't is said to have been part of the Instructions of the Spanish Armada to destroy the timber of this place But what a foreign power could not effect our own Civil dissentions did for it went miserably to wrack in the Civil wars d The Aventon âventon mention'd by our Author is at present call'd Alvington being a Chapel of Ease to Wollaston the estate of Henry Duke of Beaufort St. Brevial's-Castle is now ruin'd and serves as a prison for offenders in the Forest It has been always esteem'd a place of trust and honour and several of the Nobility have been Governours of it His Grace the Duke of Beaufort is Constable of the place Here it is that the Mine-Court Swain-Mote and Speech-Court are kept wherein are several old Customs of Pleading e By the river Wye lyeth Newland âwland a large Parish standing in a pleasant plain where are vast Mine-pits of 60 or 70 foot deep and as large as a considerable Church Mr. Jones a Hamborow-Merchant erected here an Alms house for 16 poor men and women and gave a very good house and stipend to a Lecturer the Company of Haberdashers in London being Trustees North-west from hence is Westbury âestbury a very large Parish reputed about twenty miles in compass f Our next guide is the Severn âern which runs in this County above 40 miles by land 't is in some places 2 or 3 miles over and yet the tyde floweth the whole length of the current as high as Tewkesbury It is remarkable that the tydes one year are largest at full Moon the next at the change and and that one year the night-tydes are largest the other the day-tydes g This river first goes to Tewkesbury âwkesây where but little of the Abbey remains saving only the Church which is now Parochial and had once a fair Spire upon it Mr. Fuller in his Church-History makes it a controverted point whether the Abbot of Tewkesbury had a voice in Parliament but by Bishop Godwin's Annals it appears he had one 1539. So that this County had four mitred Abbies Glocester Cirencester Tewkesbury and Winchcomhe The Corporation was dissolv'd by the Proclamation of King James 2. 1688. h At a little distance from hence is Deorhirst ârhirst where Mr. Powell in the year 1675. dug up in his Orchard an old stone with this Inscription Odda Dux jussit hanc Regiam Aulam construi atque dedicari in honorem S. Trinitatis pro animâ germani sui Elfrici quae de hoc loco assumpta Ealdredus vero Episcopus qui eandem dedicavit 2 Idibus April 14. autem anno S. Regni Eadwardi Regis Anglorum i.e. Duke Odda commanded this Royal Palace to be built and to be dedicated to the Holy Trinity for the soul of his Cousin Elfrick which was parted from his body in this place But Ealdred was the Bishop who consecrated it on the second of the Ides of April and the 14th year of the reign of the Holy King Edward i Next is what our Author calls Oleaneag Olaniage in Saxon instead of Olanige for so our ancient Annals read it and makes it famous for the battle between Edmund and Canutus But general tradition will not allow this to be the place neither is it justify'd by any analogy between the old and new names Near Glocester betwixt Oversbridge and Maysemore there is an Island call'd to this day the Isle of Alney which one need not scruple to say was the very place of that action k From hence the Severn runs to Glocester Glocester in Saxon GleaÆ¿anceaster where the Castle mention'd by Mr. Camden is now the common Goal for Debtors and Felons The Monastery built there by Osrick being ruin'd and decay'd was repair'd by Beornulph King of the Mercians in the year 821. who chang'd the former institution into Seculars and they continued till Wulstan Bishop of Worcester plac'd Regulars there of the Order of St. Benedict in the year 1022. A learned Member of this Church has discover'd by some ancient Records that Ralph Willington and not the two mention'd by our Author built our Lady's Chapel and gave Lands to find two Priests for ever there The Offerings at King Edward's Tomb were very large for presently after his death so great a respect was paid to the memory of their injur'd Prince that the Town was scarce able to receive the Votaries that flock'd thither And the Register of the Abbey affirms that if all the Oblations had been expended upon the Church they might have built an entire new one from the very foundation The Tower is so neat and curious that several Travellers have affirm'd it to be one of the best pieces of Architecture in England Abbot Seabroke the first designer of it dying left it to the care of Robert Tully a Monk of this place which is intimated in thole two verses written in black Letters under the arch of the Tower in the Quire Hoc quod digestum specularis opusque politum Tullii haec ex onere Seabroke Abbate jubente The Whispering-place seems to be purely accidental for if one survey the out-side of the Church he will see that two parts of it were tackt on only as passages into a Chapel erected there l As for the City King John made it a Burrough to be govern'd by two Bailiffs and King Henry 3. who was crown'd here made it a Corporation On the south-side of the Abbey King Edward 1. erected a noble Free-stone-gate which is still call'd Edward's Gate it was repair'd by the last Abbot but almost demolisht in the late Civil wars K. Richard the third gave it his Sword and Cap of Maintenance and added the two Hundreds but after the Restoration of King Charles 2. they were taken away by Act of Parliament and the walls pull'd down because they had
afterwards the penitent King cleans'd the Sanctuary rebuilt the Monastery restor'd the old endowment and added new possessions and at last Roger Bishop of Salisbury gave the place to m One Wimund who instituted Canons Regular and became the first Prior of them a very learned Canon Regular who there setled a perpetual society of such Regular Canons for the service of God But leaving these matters let us return to the University The Danish storms being pretty well blown over the pious Prince K. Aelfred restor'd the Muses who had suffer'd a long exile to their former habitation and built three Colleges one for Grammarians another for Philosophers and a third for Divinity q But you have a larger account of this in the old Annals of the Monastery of Winchester In the year of our Lord's incarnation 1306 in the second year of St. Grimbald's coming over into England the University of Oxford was founded the first Regents there and Readers in Divinity were St. Neot an Abbot and eminent Professor of Theology and S. Grimbald an eloquent and most excellent Interpreter of the holy Scriptures Grammar and Rhetorick were taught by Asserius a Monk a man of extraordinary learning Logick Musick and Arithmetick were read by John Monk of St. Davids Geometry and Astronomy were profess'd by John a Monk and Collegue of S. Grimbald one of a sharp wit and immense knowledge These Lectures were often honour'd with the presence of the most illustrious and invincible Monarch K. Aelfred whose memory to every judicious taste shall be always sweeter than honey Soon after this as we read in a very fair MS. copy of that Asserius who was himself at the same time a Professor in this place there arose a sharp and grievous dissention between Grymbold and those learned men whom he brought hither with him and the old scholars whom he found here at his coming for these absolutely refus'd to comply with the Statutes Institutions and Forms of reading prescrib'd by Grimbold The difference proceeded to no great height for the space of three years yet there was always a private grudge and enmity between them which soon after broke out with the utmost violence imaginable To appease these tumults the most invincible K. Aelfred being inform'd of the faction by a message and complaint from Grymbold came to Oxford with design to accommodate the matter and submitted to a great deal of pains and patience to hear the cause and complaint of both parties The controversie depended upon this the old Scholars maintain'd that before the coming of Grymbold to Oxford learning did here flourish tho' the Students were then less in number than they had formerly been by reason that very many of them had been expell'd by the cruel tyranny of Pagans They farther declar'd and prov'd and that by the undoubted testimony of their ancient Annals that good orders and constitutions for the government of that place had been already made by men of great piety and learning such as Gildas Melkin Ninnius Kentigern and others who had there prosecuted their studies to a good old age all things being then manag'd in happy peace and quiet and that St. German coming to Oxford and residing there half a year what time he went thro' all England to preach down the Pelagian Heresie did well approve of their rules and orders The King with incredible humility and great attention heard out both parties exhorting them with pious and importunate entreaties to preserve love and amity with one another Upon this he left them in hopes that both parties would follow his advice and obey his instructions But Grymbold resenting these proceedings retir'd immediately to the Monastery at Winchester which K. Aelfred had lately founded and soon after he got his tomb to be remov'd thither to him in which he had design'd his bones should be put after his decease and laid in a vault under the chancel of the church of St. Peters in Oxford which church the said Grymbold had raised from the ground of stones hewn and carv'd with great art and beauty This happy restauration of Learning receiv'd two or three interruptions in few years For in the reign of K. Etheldred n Probably out of revenge for the injuries they had done 'em An. 1002. when upon the King's Commission to kill all the Danes in England the execution at Oxon. was more particularly severe the Danes sack'd and burn'd the city And soon after Harold sirnam'd * Levipes Haretoot was so incens'd against the place for the death of some of his friends in a tumult and prosecuted his revenge in so barbarous a manner that the scholars were miserably banish'd from their studies and the University a sad spectacle lay as it were expiring till the time of the Conquerour when too as some say he besieg'd and took this city o Notwithstanding all the Copies of Matthew Paris and Roger Wendover call it Oxonia which is confirm'd as well by other Authorities as an old Tradition that while the Conquerour was in his march to the north for the quiet of these parts he came to Oxford which refusing to yield to him and a soldier from the wall highly affronting him he storm'd it on the north-side and getting possession gave the greatest part of the city to Robert de Oily who in the Survey had within the walls and without 42 houses inhabited and 8 lying waste but those who write so have been impos'd upon by reading in faulty copies Oxonia instead of Exonia Yet that it was even then a place of study we may learn from the express words of Ingulph who flourish'd in that age p The Editors of Ingulph 684. found this passage in all the Copies which confutes those who would make us believe it is not genuine I Ingulph being first placed at Westminster was afterward remov'd to the Study of Oxford where in the learning of Aristotle I improv'd beyond most of those who were of equal years with me c. For what we now call Universities they call'd Studies as I shall by and by observe However about this time the city was so impoverish'd that whereas according to the general survey there were reckon'd within and without the walls 750 houses besides 24 mansions upon the walls 500 of 'em were not able to pay the geld or tax When to speak from the authority of Domesday-book this city paid for toll and gable and other customs yearly to the King twenty pounds and six sextaries of honey and to Earl Algar ten pounds Soon after Robert de Oili a noble Norman before-mention'd when for the reward of his services he had received from the Conquerour a large portion of lands in this county he q An. 1071. by order of the King who was jealous of the fidelity of those parts built a castle on the west-side of the City fortified with large trenches and rampires and in it r It was not built for a Parish-Church for the Oseney-Register
expresly says that the Founders did therein instituere Canonicos seculares who were of the Order of S. Augustine Roger de Iveri is there mention'd as a Co-Founder a Parish-Church dedicated to St. George to which the Parishioners not having free access when the Empress Maud was closely besieg'd in this castle by King Stephen the Chapel of St. Thomas Å¿ Westward from the Castle hard by was built for that purpose He is supposed likewise to have beautified the city with new walls which are now by age sensibly impair'd Robert his Nephew son of his brother Nigel Chamberlain to King Hen. 1. t Who design'd thereby to expiate the sins of her former unchaste life and to prevail with her husband told him a story of the chattering of birds and the interpretation of a Frier which legendary tale Leland tells us was painted near her Tomb in that Abbey by persuasion of his wife Edith daughter of Furn who had been the last Concubine of that Prince in the island meadows nigh the castle built Oseny Oseney Abby which the ruins of the walls still shew to have been very large At the same time as we read in the Register of the said Abbey of Oseney Robert Pulein began to read the holy scriptures at Oxford which were before grown almost out of use in England which person after he had much profited the English and French Churches by his good doctrine was invited to Rome by Pope Lucius 2. and promoted to the dignity of Chancellour of that See To the same purpose John Rous of Warwick writes thus By the care of Keng Henry the first the Lecture of Divinity which had been long intermitted began again to flourish and this Prince built there a new Palace which was afterward converted by King Edward 2. into a Convent for Carmelite Friers But u Richard Ceur de Lion third son of Henry and Queen Eleanor his wife was born on the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary An. 1157. 4 Hen. 1. in the King's Palace of Beaumont in a Chamber upon the ground whereof the Carmelites when this house was given them by King Edw. 2. built a Belfrey and Tower of which they us'd to boast as the place of Nativity to this Martial Prince long before this conversion was born in that Palace the truly Lion-hearted Prince King Richard 1. commonly call'd Ceur de Lion Richard ceur de Lyon a Monarch of a great and elevated Soul born for the glory of England and protection of the Christian world and for the terror and confusion of Pagans and Infidels Upon whose death a Poet of that age has these tolerable verses Viscera Carleolum corpus Fons servat Ebrardi Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum In tria dividitur unus qui plus fuit uno Nec superest uno gloria tanta viro Hic Richarde jaces sed mors si cederet armis Victa timore tui cederet ipsa tuis Great Richard's body's at Fontevrault shown His bowels at Carlisle his head at Roan He now makes three because too great for one Richard lyes dead but death had fear'd his power Could this proud Tyrant own a Conquerour The City being thus adorn'd with beautiful buildings many Students began to flock hither as to the common Mart of civility and good letters So that learning here quickly reviv'd chiefly through the care of the foresaid Robert Pulein a man born to promote the interest of the learned world who spar'd no trouble and pains to cleanse and open the fountains of the Muses which had been so miserably dried and damm'd up under the favour and protection of King Henry 1. King Henry 2. and Richard his son whom I mention'd just before And he met with such fortunate success in his endeavours that in the reign of King John there were three thousand Students in this place who went away altogether some to Reading and some to Cambridge w As also to Maidstone Salisbury and other places when they could no longer bear the x Which happen'd An. 1209. the 10th of King John upon a Clerk in Oxford accidentally killing a woman and complaint being made to the King then at Woodstock he commanded two of the Scholars who upon suspicion of that fact had been imprison'd by the Towns-men to be immediately hang'd without the City walls This so much offended and frighted the poor Scholars that they all deserted the Town But the Inhabitants being soon sensible of the desolation and poverty they had brought upon themselves did upon their knees deprecate the fault at Westminster before Nicholas the Pope's Legate and submitted to a publick Penance Upon which the dispersed Scholars after five years absence return'd to Oxford An. 1214. and obtain'd some new Privileges for their more effectual protections abuses of the rude and insolent Citizens but when these tumults were appeas'd they soon after return'd Then and in the following times as Divine Providence seem'd to set apart this City for a seat of the Muses so did the same Providence raise up a great number of excellent Princes and Prelates who exercis'd their piety and bounty in this place for the promoting and encouraging of Arts and all good Literature And when King Henry 3. came hither and visited the shrine of S. Frideswide which was before thought a dangerous crime in any Prince and so took away that superstitious scruple which had before hindred several Kings from entring within the walls of Oxford He here conven'd a Parliament to adjust the differences between him and the Barons and at that time confirm'd the privileges granted to the University by his Predecessors and added some new acts of grace and favour After which the number of learned men so far encreas'd as to afford a constant supply of persons qualified by divine and humane knowledge for the discharge of offices in Church and State So that Matthew Paris expresly calls Oxford The second School of the Church after Paris nay the very foundation of the Church r. For the Popes of Rome had before honour'd this place with the title of an University which at that time in their decretals they allow'd only to Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca And in the Council of Vienna it was determin'd That Schools for the Hebrew Arabic and Chaldaic tongues should be erected in the Studies of Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca as the most eminent that the knowledge of those Languages might be hereby propagated and encourag'd and that out of men of the Catholick Communion furnisht with sufficient abilities two should be chosen for the profession of each Tongue For the maintenance of which Professors in Oxford all the Prelates in England Scotland Ireland and Wales and all Monasteries Chapters Convents Colleges exempt and not exempt and all Rectors of Parish-Churches should make a yearly contribution In which words one may easily observe that Oxford was the chief School in England Scotland Wales and Ireland and that
those places which we now call Academies and Universities were in former ages fitly call'd Studies Universiââ call'd Studies as St. Hierom speaks of the flourishing Studies of France Epist ad Râstâââ Monaâhâ For the name of University for publick Schools of Learning obtain'd first about the reign of King Henry 3. and if I am not mistaken this word did not at first so much signifie the place of study as the Society of Students But perhaps this may seem out of my road Now the worthy Patrons and Favourers of Learning began to furnish the City and Suburbs with stately Colleges Colâeges Halls and Schools and to endow them with ample Revenues for before this time the greatest part of the University stood without North-gate Then in the reign of King Henry 3. John Baliol of Bernard-castle who died in the year 1269. Father of John Baliol King of Scots Book of Mailros founded Baliol-College s And soon after Walter Merton Bishop of Rochester transferr'd the College which he had built in Surrey to Oxford in the year 1274. endow'd it and call'd it Merton-College t 9 And these two were the first endow'd Colleges for Students in Christândâm Then William Archdeacon of Durham repair'd and restor'd the Foundation of King Alfred which we now call University-College u About which time the Scholars having been somewhat rude to Otto the Pope's Legate or rather his Horse-leach sent hither to suck the blood of the poor people they were excommunicated and treated with great severity At which time as Richard of Armagh tells us there were reckon'd in this University no less than thirty thousand Students Under King Edward the second Walter Stapledon Bishop of Exeter built Exeter-College and Hart-Hall w and the King after his example a Royal College commonly call'd Orial x and St. Mary-Hall About which time the Hebrew tongue began to be read by a Jewish Convert Regist Mon. Hââ for whose stipend every Clerk in Oxford contributed one penny for every mark of his Ecclesiastical revenue After this Queen Philippa wife of King Edward 3. built Queens-College y and Simon Islip Arch-bishop of Canterbury Canterbury-College The Scholars now abounding in peace and plenty grew insolent upon their good fortune and divided into the factions of the Northern and Southern men carrying on the quarrel with open arms and all manner of hostility upon which the Northern-men retir'd to Stanford and there set up publick Schools But after a few years when the storm was blown over and the feuds forgot they all return'd hither again 10 Recall'd by Proclamation directed to the High-Sheriff of Lincolnshire upon penalty to forfeit their Books and the King's displeasure and Statutes were enacted to prohibit all persons from professing at Stanford to the prejudice of Oxford About that time William Wickam Bishop of Winchester built a magnificent Structure call'd New College z into which the ripest Lads are every year transplanted from his other College at Winchester 11 And he about the same by the tract of the City wall built a fair high wall embattled and turretted Then Richard Angervil Bishop of Durham calld Philobiblos or The Lover of Books y At his death An. 1345. he left his voluminous Library to Durham-College with liberty of access upon certain conditions to all Scholars At the dissolution of which house in the reign of Henry 8. some of the Books of this admirable collection were remov'd to the Publick Library some to Baliol College and some came into the hands of Dr. George Owen a Physician of Godstow who bought the said College of Edward 6. began a publick Library And his Successor Thomas de Hatfield z This College is much rather to be ascrib'd to Richard de Bury for when the Monks of Durham had begun their buildings for a Seminary to their own Convent it was furnisht and endo'wd by this great and generous Prelate built Durham-College for the benefit of the Monks of Durham and Richard Fleming Bishop of Lincoln founded Lincoln-College About the same time the Benedictine Monks 12 By a Chapter held among them laid their monies together and encreased Glocester-Hall built before by John Lord Giffard of Brimsfield for Monks of Glocester built Glocester-College at their own proper cost and charges bb where were constantly maintain'd two or three Monks of every House of that Order who afterwards should profess good Letters in their respective Convents 13 Nicholas Wadham of Merefield in the County of Somerset hath assign'd a fair portion of lands and money for the propagation of religion and learning which I note incidently by way of congratulation to our age that there are yet some who graciously respect the advancement of good learning To speak nothing of the Canons of St. Frideswide there were erected no less than four beautiful Cells of Friers in the Suburbs where there often flourisht men of considerable parts and learning In the next age during the reign of King Henry 5. Henry Chichely Arch-bishop of Canterbury founded two eminent Colleges one of which he dedicated to the memory of All-Souls cc and the other to St. Bernard Not long after William Wainster Bishop of Winchester built Magdalen-College remarkable for building fine situation and pleasure of adjoyning groves and walks dd At the same time the a The ground was purchast by the University An. 1427. and upon several contributions the Structure was soon after begun but was intermitted till by the piety and bounty of Humfrey Duke of Glocester it was farther carried on but not compleated till the year 1480. Divinity School Dââinity School was erected a work of such admirable texture and beauty that the saying of Xeuxis may justly be inscrib'd upon it It is more easie to envy than to imitate this work Publick L brary And above this School was a Library furnisht with one hundred twenty nine choice Volumes procur'd from Italy at the great expence of Humphrey the Good Duke of Glocester a chief Patron and admirer of Learning But most of these Books are long since embezell'd and converted to private uses 14 In the giddy time of King Edward the sixth But now may all happiness attend the generous design the worthy Sir Thomas Bodley Thâmas Bâdâey Kt. formerly a Member of this University with extraordinary charge and indefatigable pains is furnishing a new Library in the same place with the best Books procur'd from all parts of the world that the University may enjoy a publick Arsenal of Wisdom and he himself an everlasting honour ee And since it was a good custom of the Ancients in all their Libraries to erect Statues of Gold Pâal 35. c. 2 Silver or Brass both to those who had instituted them and those who had adorn'd them with excellent Writings that time and Age might not triumph over Benefactors and that the curiosity of Mankind might be satisfied while they enquired after men of worth and
ridge to the north and separate this County of Oxon from that of Bucks at the foot whereof are seated many little towns of which the most remarkable are Watlington a small Market-town belonging formerly to Robert D'oily tt Shirburne Shirburne where was heretofore a small Castle of the Quatremans now a seat of the Chamberlains descended from the Earls of Tankervil who bearing the office of Chamberlain to the Dukes of Normandy their posterity laying aside the old name of Tankervil call'd themselves Chamberlains from the said office which their Ancestors enjoy'd 24 To omit Edgar Algar and other English-Saxons Official Earls of Oxford The title of Earl of Oxford Earls of Oxford has long flourisht in the family of Vere who derive their pedigree from the Earls of Guisnes and their name from the town of Vere in Zealand They owe the beginning of their greatness in England to K. Henry the first who advanced Alberic de Vere for his great prudence and integrity to several places of honour and profit as to be Chamberlain of England and Portreve of the City of London and to his son Henry Duke of Normandy son of the daughter of King Henry and right heir to England and Normandy this was the title he used before his establishment in this kingdom to divert him from King Stephen who had usurpt the Crown and to oblige him to his own party he granted and restor'd the office of Chamberlain which he had lost in those civil wars and offer'd him the choice of these four Earldoms Dorset Wilts Berks and Oxon. And after this Maud the Empress and her son Henry then in possession of the Throne by their several Charters created him Earl of Oxford Of his posterity not to mention every particular person the most eminent were these that follow Robert de Vere who being highly in favour with King Richard the second was by him advanct to the new and unheard of honours of Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland of which he left as one well observes nothing but some gaudy titles to be inscribed upon his tomb and matter of discourse and censure to the world For soon after through the envy of the other Courtiers he was degraded and miserably ended his life in banishment 25 John the first of that name so trusty and true to the House of Lancaster that both he and his son and heir Aubrey lost their heads therefore together in the first year of King Edward 4. John de Vere a man of great ability and experience in the arts of war and as eminent for his constant fidelity to the Lancastrian party fought often in the field against K. Edward the fourth for some time defended St. Michael's mount and was the chief assistant to King Henry the seventh in obtaining the Crown Another John in the reign of Henry the eighth in all parts of his life so temperate devout and honest that he was distinguisht by the name of John the Good He was great Grandfather to the present Earl Henry the eighteenth Earl of this family and Grandfather to the two noble Brothers Francis and Horatio Vere who by their admirable courage and military conduct and their many brave and fortunate exploits in the Low-Countries have added no small lustre to their ancient and honourable family This County contains 280 Parish Churches ADDITIONS to OXFORDSHIRE a THE County of Oxford call'd by the more early Saxons Oxna-ford-scyre and afterwards Oxen-ford-scyre does by its situation particularly the north-east parts of it Otmore and the adjacent places exactly answer the original of * See Camd. at the beginning Glocestershire Dobuni as lying low and level Though most parts of it bear corn very well yet its greatest glory is the abundance of meadows and pastures to which the rivers add both pleasure and convenience For beside the five more considerable ones the Thames Isis Cherwell Evenlode and Windrush â Plot. p. 18. it has at least threescore and ten of an inferiour rank without including the smaller brooks What our Author says of the hills being clad with woods is so much alter'd by the late Civil wars that few places except the Chiltern-country can answer that character at present for fuel is in those parts so scarce that 't is commonly sold by weight not only at Oxford but other towns in the northern parts of the shire b To follow our Author Burford Buâford in Saxon Beorgford not Beorford as it is famous for the battel mention'd by our Author fought probably on the plaâe call'd Battle-edge west of the town so also for a Council conven'd there by the Kings Etheldred and Berthwald An. 685. at which among many others Aldhelm Abbot of Malmsbury afterwards Bishop of Shirburne being present was commanded by the Synod to write a Book against the error of the Brittish Churches in the observation of Easter Which I the rather take notice of here because Sir Henry Spelman calls it only Synodus Merciana An. 705. without fixing any certain place or the exact time whereas both are evident from â De Pontif. lib. 5. Malmsbury and the Leiger-book of that Abby There has been a Custom in the town * Plot. p. 349. of making a Dragon yearly and carrying it up and down the streets in a great jollity on Midsummer-eve which is the more remarkable because it seems to bear some relation to what our Author says of Cuthred's taking from the enemy a banner wherein was painted a golden Dragon only to the Towns-men's Dragon there is a Giant added for what reason not known c Next is Ensham Ensham in Saxon Egonesham the eminence whereof in those times is confirm'd by the early mention of it and by Aethelred's Charter mention'd by our Author which terms it Locus celebris Here it was that in the year 1009. the same King Aethelred by the advice of Alphege Arch-bishop of Canterbury and Wulstan Arch-bishop of York held a General Council wherein many Decrees were establisht relating to the government of Church and State it is call'd by â Concil â â p. 510. Sir Henry Spelman Aenham c Our next guide is the river Evenlode not far from which near Chastleton is a Fortification which the learned Dr. Plot imagines might be cast up about the year 1016. when Edmund Ironside met Canute the Dane Châstâeton but if that conjecture be built purely upon its being near the Four-shire-stone which generally goes for the old dceorstan where the battle was fought the place of the battle being â See Aâââ to Wâtshire undeâ Shârâââ as it probably ought remov'd from this place that opinion is destroy'd d More to the North is the Monument of Roll-rich R ll-rich-stones * Plot. p. ââ a single Circle of stones without Epistyles or Architraves and of no very regular figure â ãâã Except one or two the rest of them are not above four foot and a half high What the
and was not wholly laid aside till the Reign of King Edward 3. g Betwixt these two towns Ware and Hertford which are scarce two miles asunder Lea is augmented by two small rivers that fall into it from the north Asser names them b These two rivers are call'd by the Saxon Chronicle Memera and Benefica Mimera and Beneficia I should guess that to be the Beneficia upon which stands Bennington where the Bensteds a noted family had formerly a small Castle 12 And also Woedhall an habitation of the Bâtlers who being branch'd from Sir Ralph Butler Baron of Wem in Shropshire and his wife heir to William Pantulfe Lord of Wem were Lords of Pulre-bach and enrich'd much by an heir of Sir Richard Gobion and another of Peletot Lord of this place in the time of K. Edw. 3. And that to be the Mimera which passeth by Pukerich a place that obtain'd the privilege of a Fair and Market by the Grant of Edward 1. procured by the interest of William le Bland 13 Whereupon also neighboureth Standon with a seemly house built by Sir Ralph Sadleir Chancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster Privy-Counsâllor to three Princes and the last Knight Banneret of England a man so advanc'd for his great Services and stay'd wisdom Behind Puckerich Munden Furnivall presents it self which deserves mention on this account 14 That Geffrey Earl of Britain gave it to Gerard c. that it had for its Lord Gerard de Furnivall Furnivall from whom also it took it's name a younger son of Gerard Furnivall of Sheffield But now let us return to the river Lea and the town of Ware as far as which place the Danes came up the river in their light Pinnaces as Asser relateth it and there built a Fort which when King Alfred could not take by force he digged three new Chanels and so turned the waters of the Lea out of their old course to cut off their fleet from returning that from that time the river was of no great use to the neighbourhood untill it was not long since restored to it 's ancient Chanel and made more commodious for the conveyance of wares corn c. The Lea soon after it hath left Ware takes into it from the east a small river named Stort which first runneth by Bishops Stortford Bishâps Stortford a little town fortified formerly with a small Castle standing upon an hill raised by art within a little island h Castle of Waymore Which Castle William the Conquerour gave to the Bishops of London whence it came to be called Bishops Stortford But King John out of hatred to Bishop c William de S. Maria made Bishop An. 1199. the same year that King came to the Crown W. demolish'd it 15 From thence it maketh his way by Sabridgworth a parcel of the honour of Earl William Mandevile and sometime the possâssion of Geffry Say near Shingle-hall honested by the owners the Leventhorpes of ancient Gântry So on not far from Honsdon c. From thence it passeth on to Hunsdon which place by the favour of Queen Elizabeth Baron of Hunsdon gave the title of Baron to Sir Henry Cary then Lord Chamberlain For besides that he was descended from that family of the Dukes of Somerset which was of the Blood Royal he also was by his mother Mary Bolen Cousin-German to Qu. Elizabeth The Lea having now receiv'd this small river hast'neth on with a more full and briâk current toward the Thames 16 Under Hodsdon a fair through-fair to which H. Bourchier Earl of Essex having a fair house at Baise thereby wâile it stood procur'd a market and in it's passage thither as it were chearfully salutes Theobald-house Theobalds commonly called Tibauld's a place than which as to the Fabrick nothing can be more neat and as to the Gardens the Walks and Wildernesses nothing can be more pleasant i This House was built by that Nestor of Britain the right honorable Baron Burleigh Lord Treasurer of England to whom more particularly this river owns it self obliged for the recovery of it's ancient Chanel But now let us return to the heart of the County where are places more ancient Twelve miles westward from Hertford stood Verolanium in old time a very famous City Tacitus calls it Verulamium Verolamiuâ Ptolemy Urolanium and Verolamium The situation of this place is very well known to have been close by the town of St. Albans St. Albans in Caisho Hundred which Hundred was without doubt in old time inhabited by those Cassii of whom Caesar makes mention The Saxons call'd it Watlinga-cester from the famous high-way named Watlingstreat and Werlam-ceaster Neither hath it as yet lost it's ancient name for it is still commonly call'd Verulam altho' nothing of it now remains but ruins of walls checquer'd pavements and Roman Coins now and then digg'd up there k It was seated upon the side of an easie hill which faced the east and was fortified with very strong walls a double rampire and deep trenches toward the south And on the east part it had a small rivulet which formerly made on that side a large Mere or standing water whereupon it has been conjectur'd that this was the town of Cassibelinus Cassâbelinus his town so well defended by the woods and marshes which was taken by Caesar For there is not that I know of any other Mere hereabouts In Nero's time it was esteemed a Municipium which occasion'd Ninius in his catalogue of Cities to call it Caer-Municip So that there is no doubt but this was that Caer Municipium which Hubert Goltzius found in an old Inscription These Municipia Mâniâipâa were Towns whose inhabitants enjoyed the rights and privileges of Roman citizens And the name was framed à muneribus capiendis i.e. from their capacity to bear publick Offices in the Commonwealth These Municipia as to orders and degrees had their Decuriones their Equites or Gentlemen and their Commons as to their publick Council a Senate and People as to their Magistrates and Priests their Duumviri and Triumviri to administer justice and also their Censors Aedils Quaestors and Flamins But whether this our Verulam was a Municipium with Suffrages or without is not easie to determine A Municipium with Suffrages they call'd that which was capable of publick honours as they called the other which was uncapable a Municipium without Suffrages In the reign of the same Nero when Bunduica or Boadicia Queen of the Iceni out of an inveterate hatred had raised a bloody war against the Romans this town as Tacitus writeth was by the Britains entirely ruined Of which Suetonius makes mention in these words These miseries which were the effects of that Prince's inhumanity were attended with a massacre in Britain where â Verulam and Maldân two of the chiefest towns in that Island were taken and sack'd with a dreadful slaughter both of Roman Citizens and their
springeth out of a pond vulgarly call'd Brown's-well for Brent-well that is in old English Frog-well passeth down between Hendon which Archbishop Dunstan born for the advancement of Monks purchased for some few gold Bizantines which were imperial pieces of gold coined at Byzantium or Constantinople and gave to the Monks of St. Peter of Westminster And Hampsted-hill from whence you have a most pleasant prospect to the most beautiful City of London and the lovely Country about it Over which the ancient Roman military way led to Verulam or St. Albans by Edgworth and not by High-gate as now which new way was opened by the Bishops of London about some 300 years since But to return Brent into whom all the small rivers of these parts resort runneth on by Brent-street an Hamlet to which it imparted its name watreth Hangerwood Hanwell Oiâterley-Park where Sir Thomas Gresham built a fair large house and so near her fall into the Thames giveth name to Brentford a fair thorough-fare and frequent Market Hard by is Brentford Brentford which receiv'd that name from the little river Brent where Edmund Ironside after he had oblig'd the Danes to draw off from the siege of London did so attack them as to force 'em to a disorderly flight wherein he kill'd great numbers of them From Stanes thus far all between the high-road along Hounslow and the Thames was call'd the Forrest or Warren of Stanes till Henry 3. as we read in his Charter deforrested and dewarren'd it Then 8 To the Thames side I saw Fulham Fulham in Saxon Fullonham i.e. a house of fowle which receives its greatest honour from the Bishop of London's Country-house 9 Standing there conveniently not far from the City albeit not so healthfully f And Chelsey Chelsey as if one should say Shelfsey so call'd from a bed of Sands in the river Thames 10 As some suppose but in Records 't is nam'd Chelche-hith adorn'd with stately buildings by Henry 8. William Powlett Marquess of Winchester and others g But amongst these London which is as it were the Epitome of all Britain the Seat of the British Empire and the â Camera Residence of the Kings of England is to use the Poet's comparison as much above the rest as the Cypress is above the little sprig Tacitus Ptolemy and Antoninus call it Londinium and Longidinium Ammianus Lundinum and Augusta Stephanus in his book of Cities ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã our British Lundayn the old Saxons Londen-ceaster Londen-byrig Londen-pyc foreigners Londra and Londres our own nation London London the fabulous Writers Troja Nova Dinas Belin i.e. the city of Belin and Caer Lud from one King Luddus whom they affirm to have given it both being and name But as for those new-broach'd names and originals as also Erasmus's conjecture that it came from Lindum a city of Rhodes I leave 'em to those that are inclin'd to admire them For my own part since Caesar and Strabo have told me British Towns that the ancient Britains call'd such woods or groves as they fenc'd with trees they had cut down Cities or Towns and since I have been inform'd that in British they call such places Llhwn I am almost of this opinion that London is by way of eminence simply call'd a City or a City in a wood But if that do not hit give me leave without the charge of inconstancy 11 While I disport in conjecture to guess once more that it might have it's name from the same original that it had it's growth and glory I mean Ships call'd by the British Lhong so that London is as much as a Harbour or City of Ships For the Britains term a City Dinas Dinas which the Latins turn'd into Dinum Upon which account it is call'd in one place Longidinium and in a * Naenia Song of an ancient British Bard Lhongporth i.e. a port or harbour for Ships And by the same word Bologne in France in Ptolemy Gessoriacum Navale is turn'd by the British Glossary Bolung Long. For several cities have had their names from shipping as Naupactus Naustathmos Nauplia Navalia Augusti c. None of which can lay better claim to the name of an harbour than our London For 't is admirably accommodated with both Elements standing in a fruitful soil abounding with every thing seated upon a gentle ascent and upon the river Thames which without trouble or difficulty brings it in the riches of the world For by the convenience of the tide coming in at set hours with the safety and depth of the river which brings up the largest vessels it daily heaps in so much wealth both from East and West that it may at this day dispute the preheminence with all the Mart-towns in Christendom Moreover it is such a sure and complete station for ships that one may term it a grov'd wood so shaded is it with masts and sails h Antiquity has told us nothing of the first Founder as indeed Cities growing up by little and little but seldom know their original Notwithstanding this among others has fabulously deriv'd it self from the Trojans and is persuaded that Brute â Abnepos second Nephew to the famous Aeneas was it's Founder But whoever built it the growth of it may convince 't was begun with a â Vitali genio lucky omen 12 Marked for life and long continuance and Ammianus Marcellinus has taught us to pay it a veneration upon account of it's Antiquity when even in his time which is twelve hundred years ago he calls it an ancient town And agreeably Cornelius Tacitus who flourish'd under Nero 13 1540. years since has told us that then 't was a place exceeding famous for the number of merchants and it's trade Even then nothing was wanting to complete it's glory but that it was not either a â Municipium Free-borough or a Colony Nor indeed would it have been the interest of the Romans that a City of such vast trade should enjoy the privileges of a Colony or Free-borough for which reason I fancy they made it a Praefecture Praefecturae for so they call'd the towns wherein there were * Nundinae Fairs and Courts kept Not that they had Magistrates of their own but had Praefects sent them yearly to do justice who were to act in all publick affairs such as taxes tributes imposts â Militiae the business of the army c. according to the Instructions of the Roman Senate Upon which account it is that London is only term'd Opidum a town by Tacitus by the Panegyrist and by Marcellinus But altho' it had not a more honourable title yet it has been as powerful wealthy and prosperous as any and that almost without interruption under the Roman Saxon and Norman Governments scarce ever falling under any great calamity i In Nero's reign when the Britains under the conduct of Boadicia had unanimously resolv'd
ever born When e're thy lofty towers thy stately wall And all thy glories my glad thoughts recall My ravish'd soul still swells with full delight And still my absent eyes admire the grateful sight Fame that 's all tongue and would if silent dye Of thee her greatest theme nor dares nor needs to lye And another in a Poëtical vein penn'd this Haec Urbs illa potens cui tres tria dona ministrant Bacchus Apollo Ceres pocula carmen ador Haec Urbs illa potens quam Juno Minerva Diana Mercibus arce feris ditat adornat alit A place where Ceres Phoebus Bacchus joyn Their three great gifts Corn Poetry and Wine Which Pallas Juno and chast hunting Maid With buildings goods and beasts adorn enrich and feed But my friend the famous John Jonston of Aberdeen Professor of Divinity in the Royal University of St. Andrew's has manag'd the subject more soberly Urbs Augusta cui coelúmque solúmque salúmque Cuique favent cunctis cuncta elementa bonis Mitius haud usquà m coelum est uberrima Tellus Fundit inexhausti germina laeta soli Et pater Oceanus Tamisino gurgite mistus Convehit immensas totius orbis opes Regali cultu sedes clarissima Regum Gentis praesidium cor anima atque oculus Gens antiqua potens virtute robore belli Artium omnigenûm nobilitata opibus Singula contemplare animo attentúsque tuere Aut Orbem aut Orbis dixeris esse caput Renown'd Augusta that sea earth and sky And all the various elements supply No peaceful climate breaths a softer air No fertile grounds with happier plenty bear Old Ocean with great Thames his eldest son Makes all the riches of the world her own The ever famous seat of Britain's Prince The nation's eye heart spirit and defence The men for ancient valour ever known Nor arts and riches gain them less renown In short when all her glories are survey'd It must with wonder still at last be said She makes a world her self or is the world 's great head But these matters with others of this kind are handl'd more at large and with more accuracy by John Stow a Citizen of London and a famous Chronicler in his Survey of London but lately publisht And so I will take leave of my dear native place after I have observ'd that the Latitude of it is 51 Degrees 34 Minutes b Our modern Mathematicians will only allow it 32 minutes and the Longitude 23 Degrees and 25 Minutes that * Orpheus's âarp Fidicula of the nature of Venus and Mercury is the Topick Star which glances upon the Horizon but never sets and that the Dragon's-head is lookt upon by Astrologers as the Vertical Radcliff The Thames leaving London waters Redcliff a neat little Town inhabited by Sea-men and so call'd from the red cliff Next after it has took a great winding it receives the river Lea the Eastern bound of this County 69 When it hath collected his divided stream and cherished fruitful Marish-meadows which yet has nothing situate upon it belonging to this shire that 's worth our notice For Aedelmton Edmonton Waltham-Cross has nothing remarkable but the name deriv'd from nobility nor Waltham but a Cross built by King Edward the first for the funeral pomp of Queen Eleanor from which it has part of the name Only there is Enfield Enfield-chase a Royal seat built by Thomas Lovel Knight of the Garter and Privy-Councellor to King Henry the seventh 70 And Durance neighbour thereto a house of the Wrothes of ancient name in this County as one may infer from the Arms. Near which is a place cloath'd with green trees and famous for Deeâ-hunting Enfield-chace formerly the possession of the Magnavils Earls of Essex then of the Bohuns their Successors but now belongs to the Dutchy of Lancaster ever since Henry the fourth King of England marry'd a Daughter and Co-heir of the last Humfrey Bohun And almost in the middle of this Chace there are still the ruins and rubbish of an ancient house which the common people from tradition affirm to have belong'd to the Magnavils Earls of Essex 71 As for the the title of Middlesex the Kings of England have vouchsafed it to none neither Duke Marquess Earl or Baron Towards the north bounds of Middlesex a Military way of the Romans commonly call'd Watlingstreet enters this County coming straight along from the old Verulam through Hamsted-heath from which one has a curious prospect of a most beautiful City and a most pleasant Country Then not where the Road lies now through Highgate for that as is before observ'd was open'd only obout 300 years ago by permission of the Bishop of London but that more ancient one as appears by the old Charters of Edward the Confessor pass'd along near Edgeworth Edgeworth a place of no great antiquity so on to Hendon Hendon which Archbishop Dunstan a man born for promoting the interest of Monkery purchas'd for a few Bizantine pieces of gold and gave to the Monks of St. Peter's in Westminster These Bizantini aurei were Imperial money coyn'd at Bizantium or Constantinople by the Grecian Emperors but what the value of it was I know not There was also a sort of silver-money call'd simply Bizantii and Bizantini Bizantine Coins which as I have observ'd here and there in ancient Records were valu'd at two shillings But leaving those matters to the search of others I will go forward on the Journey I have begun In this County without the City there are about 73 Parishes within the City Liberties and Suburbs c This must needs be a mistake of the Printer for 121. as we find it in some other Copies But neither will that account be true For excluding the seven Parishes in the Cities and Liberties of Westminster which I suppose are thrown into the County and the our parishes of Middlesex and Surrey which can none of them reasonably be accounted in London there will remain in the City Liberties and Suburbs but 113 Parishes as plainly appears by the Bills of Mortality And in the whole County and City together but 186. 221. ADDITIONS to MIDDLESEX THE Extent of this County being very small and our Author a native of it having already been very nice and copious in its description the Reader must not expect any great advance either in the corrections or additions to it a The first place that admits of further remarks is Uxbridge Uxbridge made more famous since our Author's days by a treaty there held Jan. 30. 1644. temp Car. 1. between the King and Parliament then sitting at Westminster Of which we have a full relation given us by Sir William Dugdale in his View of the late Troubles printed at Oxon 1681. to which I refer the Reader for a more particular account b After Uxbridge Stanes Sâânes is the next Market-Town that offers it self to our consideration which though
an honourable series of Earls and Lords are descended From hence passing through Earls-Coln so call'd by reason of its being the burying place of the Earls of Oxford where Aubry de Vere 24 In the time of King Henry 1. founded a small Convent and took himself a religious habit it goes on to Colonia which Antoninus mentions and makes a different place from Colonia Camaloduni Whether this Colonia Colonia be deriv'd from the same word signifying a Colony or from the river Coln let Apollo determine k For my part I am more inclin'd to the latter opinion since I have seen several little towns that adding the name of Coln to that of their respective Lords are call'd Earls-Coln Wakes-Coln Coln-Engain Whites-Coln This city the Britains call'd Caer Colin the Saxons Coleceaster and we Colchester Colchester 'T is a beautiful populous and pleasant place extended on the brow of an hill from West to East surrounded with walls and adorn'd with 15 Parish-Churches besides that large Church which Eudo Sewer to Henry 1. built in honour of St. John This is now turn'd into a private house In the middle of the city stands a castle ready to fall with age Historians report it to have been built by Edward son to Aelfred when he repair'd Colchester which had suffer'd very much in the wars 25 And long after Maud the Empress gave it to Alberic Vere to assure him to her party But that this city flourish'd even more than ever in the time of the Romans abundance of their coins found every day fully evince l Though I have met with none ancienter than Gallienus the greatest part of them being those of the Tetrici Victorini Posthumus C. Carausius Helena mother to Constantine the Great Constantine and the succeeding Emperours The inhabitants glory that Fl. Julia Helena mother to Constantine the Great was born in this city daughter to King Coelus And in memory of the Cross which she found they bear for their arms a Cross enragled between four Crowns Of her and of this city thus sings Alexander Necham though with no very lucky vein Effulsit sydus vitae Colcestria lumen Septem Climatibus lux radiosa dedit Sydus erat Constantinus decus imperiale Serviit huic flexo poplite Roma potens A star of life in Colchester appear'd Whose glorious beams of light seven climats shar'd Illustrious Constantine the world's great Lord Whom prostrate Rome with awful fear ador'd The truth is she was a woman of a most holy life and of an unweary'd constancy in propagating the Christian Faith whence in old inscriptions she is often stiled PIISSIMA and VENERA-BILIS AUGUSTA Between this city where the Coln emptieth it self into the sea lyes the the little town of St. Osith the old name was * Cice by the Saxon Annals Chic Chic the present it receiv'd from the holy Virgin St. Osith S. Osithe who devoting her self entirely to God's service and being stabbed here by the Danish pyrates was by our ancestors esteem'd a Saint In memory of her Richard Bishop of London about the year 1120. built a Religious house and fill'd it with Canons Regular This is now the chief seat of the right honourable the Lords Darcy Barons Darcy of Chich. stiled Lords of Chich who were advanc'd to the dignity of Barons by Edward the sixth 26 When he created Sir Thomas Darcy his Councellor Vice-Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard Lord Darcy of Chich. m From hence is stretch'd out a vast shore as far as Nesse-point Nesse in Saxon Eadulphesness What was once found hereabouts let Ralph de Coggeshal tell you who wrote about 350 years ago In the time of King Richard on the sea-shore in a village call'd Edulfinesse were found two teeth of a Giant Giants of such a prodigious bigness that two hundred of such teeth as men ordinarily have now might be cut out of one of them These I saw at Cogshal and handled with great admiration Another I know not what Gigantick relique was found near this place in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth by the noble R. Candish I can't deny but there have been men of such extraordinary bulk and strength as to be accounted prodigies whom God as St. Austin tells us therefore produc'd in the world to show that comeliness of body and greatness of stature were therefore not to be esteem'd among the good things because they were common to the impious with the virtuous and religious Yet we may justly suspect what Suetonius hath observ'd that the vast joints and members of great beasts dugg up in other countries and in this kingdom too have been commonly term'd and reputed the bones of Giants Bones of Giants n From this point the shore runs back a little to the Stour's mouth famous for a sea-fight between the Saxons and Danes in the year 884. Here is now seated Harewich Harewiââ a very safe harbour as the name imports for the Saxon Hare-Æ¿ic signifies as much as an haven or bay where an army may lye 27 The town is not great but well peopled fortified by art and nature and made more fencible by Queen Elizabeth The salt-water so creeketh about it that it almost insulateth it but thereby maketh the springs so brackish that there is a defect of fresh water whcih they fetch-some good way off o This is that Stour which parteth Essex and Suffolk and on this side runs by no memorable place only some fat pastures But not far from the spring of this river stands Bumsted which the family of the Helions held by Barony 28 From whom the Wentworths of Gosfield are descended And in those parts of this county which are opposite to Cambridgeshire lyes Barklow Barkl w. Old Baârows famous for four great Barrows such as our ancestors us'd to raise to the memory of those Soldiers that were kill'd in battel and their bodies lost But when two others in the same place were dugg up and search'd we are told that they found three stone Coffins and abundance of pieces of bones in them The Country-people have a tradition that they were rais'd after a battel with the Danes And the â Wall-wort or Dwarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great plenty and bears red berries they call by no other name but Dane's-blood Danes-blood denoting the multitude of Danes that were there slain Lower among the fields that look pleasantly with Saffron is seated g Call'd formerly Walden-burg and afterwards Cheping-Walden Walden Waldââ a market-town call'd thence Saffron-Walden 29 Incorporated by King Edward 6. with a Treasurer two Chamberlains and the Commonalty It was famous formerly for the castle of the Magnavils which now scarce appears at all and for an adjacent little Monastery 30 Founded in a place very commodious in the year 1136. Commonly call'd Maâdâvilleâ in which the Magnavils founders of it lye interr'd Jeffrey de Magnaville was
shillings 4 Prebendaries 6 Sextaries of honey and â Ursum sex canes ad ursum a bear with 6 dogs to bait him Now it pays 70 pound by weight to the King a hundred shillings * De Gersuma as a fine to the Queen with an ambling Palfrey 20 pound â Blancas blank also to the Earl and 20 shillings fine by tale In the reign of William 1. this was the seat of a Civil war which Ralph Earl of the East-Angles rais'd against that King For after he had escap'd by flight his wife along with the Armorican Britains endur'd a close siege till for want of provisions she was forc'd to get off and quit her Country And at that time the City was so impair'd that as appears by the same Domesday there were scarce 560 Burgesses left in it Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterbury mentions this surrender in a Letter to King William in these words Your kingdom is purg'd from the infection of the Britains or Armoricans the Castle of Norwich is surrender'd and the Britains that were in it and had lands here in England upon granting them life and limb have took an oath to depart your Dominions within forty days and never to return more without your special licence From that time forward it began by little and little to recover it self out of this deluge of miseries and Bishop Herbert whose reputation had suffer'd much by Simoniacal practices translated the Episcopal See from Thetford hither He built a very beautiful Cathedral on the east and lower part of the City in a place till then call'd Cow-holme near the Castle the first stone whereof in the reign of William Rufus and year of our Lord 1096. he himself laid with this Inscription DOMINUS HERBERTUS POSUIT PRIMUM LAPIDEM IN NOMINE PATRIS FILII ET SPIRITUS SANCTI AMEN That is Lord Bishop Herbert laid the first stone in the name of the Father the Son and Holy Ghost Amen Afterwards he procur'd a Licence from Pope Paschal to confirm and establish it the mother-Church of Norfolk and Suffolk and endow'd it liberally with lands sufficient for the maintenance of 60 Monks who had their neat and curious Cloysters But these were remov'd and a Dean six Prebendaries with others put in their places After the Church thus built and an Episcopal See plac'd here it became a Town as Malmsbury has it famous for Merchandise and number of Inhabitants And in the 17th of King Stephen as we read in some ancient Records Norwich was built anew was a populous town and made a Corporation That King Stephen also granted it to his Son William for an Appennage as they call it or inheritance is very evident from the publick Records But Henry the second took it from him and held it himself notwithstanding Henry his Son the Junior-King as they call'd him when he endeavour'd after the Crown had promis'd it in large terms to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk whom he had drawn over to his party Bigod however adhering to the young King who could not over-rule his eager hopes of the Crown with Justice and Equity miserably harrass'd this City and is thought to have rebuilt that Castle on the high hill near the Cathedral within the City encompast with a trench of such vast depth that in those times it was lookt upon as impregnable But Lewis of France under whom the rebellious Barons had joyn'd against King John easily took it by siege The reason why I fancy Bigod repair'd the Castle is because I observ'd Lions saliant cut in a stone in the same manner as the Bigods formerly us'd them in their seals of whom tho' there was one that made use of a Cross And this was the condition of Norwich in its infancy But in the next age it increas'd mightily and abounded with wealthy Citizens who by a humble petition in Parliament desir'd liberty of Edward the first to wall their City round and afterwards accordingly did it to the great strength and ornament of it â They obtain'd of King Richard the second that the Worsted made there might be transported In the year 1403. they obtain'd leave of Henry the fourth instead of Bailiffs which they had before to elect a Mayor yearly and in the very heart of the City near the market-place built a most beautiful Town-house which on the set days are furnisht with all manner of provisions 'T is partly indebted to the Netherlands who after they could no longer endure the tyranny of the Duke of â Albani Alva nor the bloody Inquisition setting up flockt hither in great numbers and first brought in the manufacture of * Of Saies Baies and other Stuffs now much in use light worsted stuffs â Levidenâium quorundam pannorum But why am I so long upon these matters when they are all with the History of the Bishops the succession of their Magistrates and the fury of that villanous rebel Kett against this City very elegantly describ'd by Alexander Nevil a person eminent both for birth and learning I will only add that in the year 1583. the Citizens by the help of * Instrumento Hydragogico an artificial Instrument convey'd water through pipes into the highest part of the City And here I could summon both Polydore Virgil the Italian and Angelus Capellus the Frenchman to answer before the Tribunal of venerable Antiquity how they come to affirm that our old Ordovices who liv'd almost under another Hemisphere inhabited this Norwich I could bring the same Action against our Country-man Caius but that I am satisfy'd 't was nothing but a natural love of his native Country that blinded the learned old man And I have nothing more to add about Norwich unless you have a mind to run over these verses made upon it by John Johnston a Scotchman Urbs speciosa situ nitidis pulcherrima tectis Grata peregrinis delitiosa suis Bellorum sedes trepido turbante tumultu Tristia Neustriaco sub duce damna tulit Victis dissidiis postquam caput ardua coelo Extulit immensis crevit opima opibus Cultus vincit opes cultum gratia rerum Quam benè si luxus non comitetur opes Omnia sic adeò sola haec sibi sufficit ut si Fo rs regno desit haec caput esse queat A town whose stately piles and happy seat Her Citizens and Strangers both delight Whose tedious siege and plunder made her bear In Norman troubles an unhappy share And feel the sad effects of dreadful war These storms o'reblown now blest with constant peace She saw her riches and her trade increase State here by wealth by beauty wealth 's out-done How blest if vain excess be yet unknown So fully is she from her self supply'd That England while she stands can never want an head From Norwich the river Yare with the increase of other waters that take the same name rowls on in a winding chanel and abounds with the fish call'd a
nor burrow for that King requiring an account of the cities burrows and villages of this Shire Norwich was the only City return'd and Yarmouth and Lynne the only burrows possibly because such had only that name as sent Representatives to Parliament whereas that Privilege was not then granted to this place c Northeast from hence lyes Buckenham Buckenham which can scarce be suppos'd to come from bucken beach-trees as our Author imagines but rather from the great number of bucks with which the neighbouring woods may be easily suppos'd to have been well-stock d as at this day they do not altogether want them as for beeches they have few or none d In the time of Henry 3. it pass'd from the Earl of Arundel to the Tatsals for then upon default of heir-male this large estate was divided amongst daughters Since it came into the family of the Knivets Philip Knivet who in Sir Henry Spelman's time was the possessor had the title of Baronet conferr'd upon him but the ancient estate was very much gone to decay e From hence we pass into the Hundred of Forehowe so call'd from the four hills upon which are held their meetings as Sir Henry Spelman has observ'd and heah in Saxon is at this day high On the Southeast side thereof lyes Wimundham or Windham Windham sold by the last of the Knivets of that place to Henry Hobart Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. There is this Epitaph upon William de Albeney Butler to K. Henry 1. and founder of a Monastery of Black-Monks there Hunc Pincerna locum fundavit hic jacet illa Quae dedit huic domui jam sine fine tenet f At Depeham Depeham in the same Hundred is a Linden-tree of vast bigness mention'd and describ'd by Mr. Evelyn in his Sylva where he calls it Tillia Colossia Depemensis To the eye it stands over the other trees when view'd at a distance as a Giant to so many pigmies At the foot of it is a spring which petrifies sticks leaves and whatever falls into it South from hence is Attilburrough Attilborough a place if John Bramis a Monk of Thetford may be credited of great note and antiquity He will have it built and fortify'd by Atlynge a King of those parts and his evidence for it are two Copies of that History which he translated one in French and the other in old English But whatever credit this may deserve 't is certain that the termination burrough wherever it occurs denotes something of antiquity as a castle a fort or such like g Between this and Norwich is Carleton Carleton which our Author tells us was held upon condition of carrying a hundred herings bak'd in pies to the King wherever he was The town of Yarmouth by Charter is bound to send to the Sheriffs of Norwich these hundred herrings but they are to be bak'd in 24 pies or pasties and thence deliver'd to the Lord of the manour of East-Carlton who is to convey them to the King This is every year duly observ'd to this day and an Indenture drawn up the substance whereof is That upon delivery of these pies to the Lord of the manour he shall acknowledge the receipt and be obliged to convey them to the King I have seen a Copy of one made ten years since and the same is every year drawn up with the necessary alterations At a little distance Eastward is Castor Castor the famous Roman camp which agrees exactly with the description given by Polybius Vegetius and others concerning the Roman's ancient way of encampment The faces for the four gates are still manifestly to be seen The Porta Praetoria lookt toward the east opposite to which without the Porta Decumana and close by the river's side there still remain some ruins of a tower The walls enclosing the camp were of flint and very large bricks i From hence we are carried to Norwich Norwicâ the original of which name seems plainly to be from the castle there For though it cannot be deny'd but Æ¿ic as Mr. Camden observes signifies as well a bosom of the sea a station for ships and a village as a castle yet the circumstances seem here to determine it to the last sense For the initial North being a relative term must have something directly contrary to answer it whereas we meet with no bays or bosoms on the south-side but not above three miles south we find the remains of an ancient royal castle which still keeps some footsteps of antiquity in its name of Castor Now from hence the age of the town does in some measure appear For if it took its name from the castle 't is evident it must be of less antiquity The castle indeed one would imagine from the circular form of the ditch and vast compass of it to have been either Danish or Norman but that there must have been one earlier is clear both from the Saxon original and a charter of Henry 1. directed to Harvey first Bishop of Ely whereby that Church is absolv'd from all services due to the Castle of Norwich Now as Sir Henry Spelman very well observes such services could not be impos'd whilst the lands were in the hands of the Bishops Monks c. and by consequence must needs become due whilst in the hands of some secular owner and the last was Tombertus Governour of the Southern Girvii who bestow'd them upon his wife Aetheldreda foundress of the Monastery of Ely about the year 677. So that from hence it appears that the age of this castle reaches at least so low and perhaps much lower The reason why the Church-lands were exempt from services seems to be express'd in the Laws of Edward the second because the prayers of the Church ought to be look'd upon as more effectual than secular assistance The City is honour'd by making up one of the many titles of his Grace Henry Duke of Norfolk whose father was created by King Charles the second in the 24th of his Reign Earl of Norwich k From hence the river leads us to Redeham ââââââm a small village upon the same river so call'd from the reeds growing in the marshy grounds thereabouts Here it was that Lothbroc the Danish Noble-man landed being by a sudden storm driven from his own coast whilst he was a hawking and finding entertainment at King Edmund's Court then at Castor liv'd there till he was murther'd by the King's huntsman Upon the news his sons though the murtherer had been sufficiently punish'd and with 20000 men to revenge the death of their father waste the whole kingdom of the East-Angles and on the 20th of Novemb. An. 870. barbarously murther the King of it By this account Redeham must be of elder date than Yarmouth because if this hâd been then built Lothbroc had no doubt stopt there for assistance and directions l At Yarmouth the river Thyrn likewise empties it self into the sea upon which stands Blickling
and this serves us to make Beer of The inhabitants drive a gainful trade with this into the neighbouring Counties The north and farther part by reason of the floods fens and the many islands made by riveâs is call'd the Isle of Ely abounds with rich pastures exceeding fresh and pleasant but however somewhat hollow and spungy by reason of the waters that undermine it which sometimes overflow and drown the greatest part of it a One of the Roman high-ways call'd Erming-streat in the Ely-book runs along the west-side of the lower part and carries us directly to Huntingdon by Royston Royston a town on the borders of this County See Hârtfordshâre of some note but of no antiquity b 'T is partly in Hartfordshire and partly in this County which we spoke of before and likewise through Caxton Caxton formerly the Baronage of Stephen de Eschallers from whose posterity it descended to the Frevills in the time of Henry 3. and from them by the Burgoins to the Jermins Nor is Gamlinghay far off the habitation formerly of the Avenells whose whole estate fell by marriage to that ancient family of St. George a family that since Henry 1. has produc'd many worthy Knights who liv'd at Hatley from them call'd Hatley St. George Hatley St. George More westward there is a little river which runs through the middle of this part from South to North to mix with the Ouse beginning at Ashwell and passing with many windings by Shengay Shengay where are the most pleasant meadows of the County formerly a â A Câmmandeây Praeceptory of the Knights Templars given by Sibyl daughter of Roger Mont-gomery Earl of Shrewsbury and wife of J. de Raines in the year 1130. a little way off Burne-castle Burne which was anciently the Barony of one Picot Sheriff of this County Barons of Burne and also of the Peverills Barnwell-Hist by one of whose daughters the Inheritance and Honours sell to Gilbert Peche the last of which family after he had advanc'd his second wife's children The King heir to private persons made King Edward the first his heir In those days the English Nobility brought up the ancient Roman custom in the time of their Emperors of making their Princes heirs whenever they were out of favour This Castle was burnt down in the Barons war in Henry the third's time set on fire by one Ribald de Insula or L'Isle and at the same time Walter of Cottenham a great man was hang'd for rebellion It 's uncertain how former writers have call'd this river some by the name of Grant but others Cam which to me seems most probable because 't is so crooked for the Brittish word Cam signifies as much whence a crooked river in Cornwal is call'd Camel and also because old Camboritum Camboritum a town mention'd by Antoninus in his third Journey in Britain stood upon it as I am almost perswaded both by its distance and name and also the great number of Roman coins found nigh the bridge For Camboritum signifies a ford over Cam Rith its signification in British and Gaulish or a crooked ford the word rith in the British language signifying a ford I mention this that the French may better understand the meaning of Augustoritum Darioritum Rithomagus and the like in their own Country However the Saxons had rather use Grant-ceaster Grantcester and Gront-ceaster for our Camboritum and though it retains this name still I can't find the derivation of it To derive it from the Saxon word * Gronna Hovd fol. 251. Flor. Wigorniens fol. 402. Gron The meaning of Gron. a fenny place might be a mistake and yet Asserius more than once has call'd some fenny grounds in Somersetshire Gronnas paludosissimas which is a mixture of Saxon and Latin and 't is well known that a city in West-Friezland in the like situation is call'd Groneingen But let others hunt after the Etymology of it About the year 700 this was saith Bede a little desolate city when he tell us that just by its walls was found a little trough or coffin of white marble delicately wrought with a lid of the same most exactly fitted for it Now 't is a small village part whereof Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln gave to his bastard-son Henry upon condition that all his posterity which have been long since extinct should take no other name but Henry King Henry the sixth of the House of Lancaster and heir to Lacie's estate settled the other part upon his own College call'd King 's in Cambridge Cambridge which town is either a part or a sprig of the ancient Camboritum 't is so nigh it in name and situation Nor am I apt to believe that Cam was ever turn'd out of Grant for this would look like a change too forc'd and strain'd where all the letters are lost but one I should rather think that the common people had kept to the old name of Camboritum or the river Cam though indeed writers more commonly use the Saxon word c It is call'd in Saxon Grantanbryege Grantabriege and Grantebrige Grantbridge This City the other University the other Eye and Stay of the Kingdom this excellent Magazine of all good Literature and Religion stands on the river Cam which after it has most pleasantly sprinkl'd its west side with several little Isles turns to the east divides it into two parts so that 't is joyn'd by a bridge which hath given it that new name of Cambridge Beyond the bridge there is a large old castle which may now seem to have come to its last thred and Magdalen-College On this side the bridge where lyes the far greatest part of the town there 's a pleasant prospect of the form of the Streets of the number of Churches and of sixteen fair Colleges the Muses sacred Mansions wherein great numbers of worthy learned men are maintain'd and where the Studies of Arts and Languages so mightily flourish that they may deservedly be term'd the very fountains of all Literature Religion and Learning which most sweetly scatter their wholesom streams through all the Gardens both of Church and State Nor is there any thing wanting that is requir'd in a most flourishing University were not the Air a little too gross by reason of its fenny situation But perhaps the first founders of it in this place were of Plato's opinion who being of a strong constitution himself made choice of the Academy for his studies a very unwholesom place in Attica the better to keep under the stubborness of the body that it might not too much clog the brain However our Ancestors men of singular wisdom have dedicated this place to their learned studies not without divine direction and have adorn'd it with many noble buildings That we may not seem guilty of the worst sort of ingratitude to these eminent Patrons of Learning or to use Eumenius's words those Parents of
seu foliis gramineis ramosum An gramineum ramosum C. B. J. B. Park Millefolium tenuifolium Ger. emac. ico Fine or Fennel-leav'd Pondweed In the river Cam plentifully Pulsatilla Anglica purpurea Park parad flore minore Ger. minore nigricante C. B. flore clauso caeruleo J. B. Common or English Pasque-flower On Gogmagog-hills on the left hand of the way leading from Cambridge to Haveril just on the top of the hill also about Hildersham six miles from Cambridge Ranunculus flammeus major Ger. palustris flammeus major Park longifolius palustris major C. B. longo folio maximus Lingua Plinii J. B. Great Spear-wort In some ditches at Teversham-moor and abundantly in many great ditches in the fens in the Isle of Ely Ribes nigrum vulgò dictum folio olente J. B. fructu nigro Park Grossularia non spinosa fructu nigro C. B. Black Currans Squinancy-berries By the river-side at Abington Rorella sive Ros soliis folis oblongis J. B. Park folio oblongo C. B. Long-leav'd Rosa solis or Sun-dew On Hinton-moor about the watery places plentifully Salix humilior foliis angustis subcaeruleis ut plurimum sibi invicem oppositis Salix tenuior folio minore utrinque glabro fragilis J. B. The yellow dwarf-willow By the horse-way-side to Cherry-hinton in the Close just by the water you pass over to go thither Scordium J. B. C. B. Ger. legitimum Park Water Germander In many ditches in the Isle of Ely and in the Osier-holts about Ely-city Also in a ditch on the left hand of the road leading from Cambridge to Histon about the mid-way S. Sesamoides Salamanticum magnum Ger. The greater Spanish Catchfly Near the Gravel-pits as you go to the nearest Windmill on the North-side of Newmarket-town This place may be in Suffolk Solanum lethale Park Ger. melanocerasos C. B. manicum multis sive Bella donna J. B. Deadly Nightshade or Dwale In the lanes about Fulborn plentifully Thalictrum minus Ger. Park C. B. minus sive Rutae pratensis genus minus semine striato J. B. The lesser Meadow-Rue About Newmarket and also about Bartlow and Linton in the chalky grounds Trifolium echinatum arvense fructu minore C. B. Medica echinata minima J. B. echinata parva recta Park malè non enim erigitur The smallest Hedgehog-Trefoil In an old gravel-pit in the corn-field near Wilborham Church also at Newmarket where the Sesamoides Salamanticum grows Trifolium sylvestre luteum siliquâ cornutâ vel Medica frutescens C. B. Medica sylvestris J. B. frutescens sive flavo flore Clusii Park Yellow-medick with flat wreathed cods In many places among the corn as between Linton and Bartlow by the road sides between Cambridge and Trumpinton near the river about Quoy Church and Wilborham c. Verbascum nigrum flore è luteo purpurascente C. B. nigrum flore luteo apicibus purpureis J. B. nigrum Ger. nigrum salvifolium luteo flore Lob. Sage-leav'd black Mullein In many places about Gogmagog-hills towards Linton as by the lanes sides and in the closes about Abington Shelford c. Veronica picata recta minor J. B. Spicata minor C. B. mas erecta Park assurgens sive spica Ger. Upright male Speedwell or Fluellin In several closes on Newmarket-heath as in a close near the beacon on the left hand of the way from Cambridge to Newmarket HVNTINGDONSHIRE AT the back of Cambridgeshire lyes the County of Huntingdon by the Saxons call'd huntedunescyre by the common people Huntingdonshire situated so as to have Bedfordshire on the South Northamptonshire on the West as likewise on the North where it is parted by the river Avon and Cambridgeshire on the East a It is a very good Corn Country and for feeding ground the fenny part of the East is fatter than ordinary the rest mighty pleasant by reason of its swelling hills and shady groves in ancient times woody all over according to the report of the Inhabitants That it was a Forest till the beginning of Henry 2. is evident by an old Survey All except Waybridge Sapple and Herthei which were Woods of the Lords demain is still Forest b HUNTINGTON SHIRE By Robt. Morden It is the same place that J. Picus an ancient writer speaks of when he says That King Alfred gain'd such advantages over the Danes that they gave what security he demanded either to leave the Land or turn Christians Which was put in execution for Guthrum the King whom they call Gormond thirty of his Nobility and almost all his people were baptiz'd and himself adopted Alfred 's God-son and call'd by the name of Athelââan Upon this he settl'd here and had the Provinces of the East-Angles and Northumbers bestow'd on him now to protect them as their lawful Soveraign which before he had wasted as a Robber Nor must it be pass'd over that some of these old writers have call'd this city Gumicester and Gumicastrum positively affirming that Machute had his Episcopal See at this place d 1 And by the name of Gumicester King Henry 3. granted it to his son Edmund Earl of Lancaster Ouse hastning its course frâm hence nigh Cambridgeshire glides through pleasant meadows where is a pretty neat town formerly by the Saxons call'd Slepe now St. Ives St. Ives from Ivo a Persian Bishop who they write about the year 600 travell'd over England with a great reputation of sanctity all the way carefully preaching the Gospel and left his name to this place where he left his body too Soon after the Religious remov'd that from hence to Ramsey-Abby e Turning almost three miles on one side I saw Somersham Somersham a large Palace of late belonging to the Bishop of Ely given to the Church of Ely by Earl Brithnot in the year 991 and enlarg'd with new buildings by that every-way-prodigal Bishop James Stanley d It is now in the possession of Anthony Hamond Esq of the ancient family of that name in Kent A little higher stood the famous rich Abby of e In Saxon Ramesige Ramsey among the fenns where the rivers stagnate in a soft kind of grounds For a description of this place you may have it in short out of the private History of the Abby Ramsey Ramsey that is the Rams Isle on the West-side for on all others there are nothing but impassible fens for a great way together it is separated from firm ground almost two Bow shots by rough Quagmires Which place formerly up a shallow river us'd to receive Vessels into the midst of it by gentle gales of wind but now with great pains and cost these clay Quagmires are stopped with large quantities of wood gravel and stone and footmen may pass upon a firm Causey almost two miles long but less in breadth surrounded with Alders which with fresh green Reeds intermix'd with Bulrushes make a beautiful shew long before it was inhabited it was all cover'd over with several sorts of trees but with wild Ashes in
Catsfoot On Bernake heath not far from Stamford Pulsatilla Anglica purpurea Park parad flore clauso caeruleo J. B. Common Pasque-flower On the same heath in great plenty See the Synonymes in Cambridgeshire Millefolium palustre flore luteo galericulato Hooded Water-Milfoil In the ditches by the rivers-side as you go from Peterborough to Thorp LEICESTERSHIRE NORTH of Northamptonshire lies the County of Leicester In the Survey-Book which William the Norman made of England it is call'd Ledecesterscyre but now commonly Leicestershire It is all a champain country rich in corn and grain but the greatest part of it deficient in woods It is encompass'd on the east with Rutland and Lincolnshire on the north with Nottingham and Derbyshire on the west with Warwickshire from which it is parted by the Military-way of the old Romans call'd Watlingstreet which runs along the west skirts of this County and on the south as I observ'd before it is limited by Northamptonshire The river Soar passeth through the middle of this County to the Trent but in the east parts there gently runs a small stream call'd the Wreke which at last falls into the Soar On the South-side where the County is bounded on one hand with the river Avon the less and on the other with the Welland nothing worthy of note presents it self unless it be near the head and first rising of the Welland the town of Haverburg commonly call'd a Burton's Leicestershire p. 127. Harborrow Harborrow famous for its Fair for Cattle and not far distant from thence b Ibid. p. 67. Carleton Carleton Curleu that is the town of Husbandmen I know not whether it be worth relating but most of the natives of this town either from some peculiar quality of the soil or water or other unknown cause in nature have a harsh and ungrateful manner of speech with a guttural and difficult pronunciation and a strange * Rhotacismus wharling in the utterance of their words a Watling-street The Roman way before-mention'd whose cawsey being in other places worn away here shews it self very plainly runs north almost in a direct line along the west-side of this County You may perhaps laugh at my expensive diligence as vainly curious but I have follow'd the tract of this way very intently from the Thames into Wales for the discovery of places of Antiquity b nor could I expect to meet with any other more faithful guide 1 For the finding out of those said Towns which Antonine the Emperour specifieth in his Itinerary for that purpose This Way having past Dowbridge where it leaves Northamptonshire is first interrupted by the river Swift which is but a slow stream tho' the name imports the contrary but to that it answers only in the winter-time The bridge over which this road was heretofore continu'd they call Bransford-bridge and Bensford it was a long time broken down and that occasion'd this famous way to be for many years little frequented but now it is repair'd at the charge of the publick Adjoyning on the one hand westward lyes Cester-Over Cester-over but in Warwickshire a place worthy of note were it only for the Lord thereof Sir c He was created a Baron of this kingdom in the 18th year of King James 1. by the title of Lord Brook of Beauchamp's Court in the County of Warwick Fulk Grevill Kt. a person of extraordinary merit and yet the name speaks it a place of antiquity for our Ancestors never gave the name of Cester but only to ancient Cities or Castles On the other hand eastward on this side of Swift 2 Which springeth near Knaptoft the seat of the Turpins a knightly house descended from an heir of the Gobions lyes Misterton belonging to the famous and ancient family of the Poultneys 3 Who took that name of Poulteney a place now decay'd within the said Lordship and beyond the river Lutterworth a small market-town formerly as report says the possession of the Verdons 4 Which only sheweth a fair Church which hath been encreas'd by the Feldings of Knights Degree and ancient Gentry in this Shire A petrifying well Near which is a spring of water so very cold that in a little time it converts straws and sticks into stone Rector of this Church heretofore was the famous John Wickliff John Wickliff dy'd 1387. a man of a close subtil wit and very well verst in the sacred Scriptures who having sharpen'd his pen against the Pope's authority and the Roman Church 5 And Religious men was not only grievously persecuted in his life time but one and forty years after his death by command of the Council of Sienna his body was in a barbarous manner taken out of his grave and burnt From Bensford-bridge the Old-way goes up to High-cross so call'd because formerly a cross was erected in that high place instead of which there is now a high post set up with props to support it The neighbouring Inhabitants told me that the two principal ways of England did here cross and that in this place stood once a most flourishing city call d Cley-cester Cleycester which had a Senate of it 's own and that Cley-brook Cleybrook near a mile distant from hence was part of the old Cleycester They say also that on both sides of this way great foundations of squar'd-stone have been discover'd under ground and Roman coins frequently cast up by the plow However above ground as the Poet says Etiam ipsae periere ruinae The very ruins are decay'd and lost These things consider'd with its distance from Banaventa or Wedon which agrees exactly and that bridge call'd Bensford are inducements to believe that the Bennones Bennones or Venones which mansion Antoninus places next after Bannaventa were seated here And the rather because Antoninus tells us that the way here parted into two branches which also is the vulgar observation For North-east-ward the Fosse-way leads to Lincoln by Ratae and Vernometum of which places more hereafter and to the North-west Watlingstreet goes directly into Wales by Manvessedum of which in its proper place when I come to Warwickshire c More above on the side of the foresaid way stands Hinckley Hinckley formerly belonging to the Lord Hugh Grant-maisnill 6 A Norman High-steward or Seneschal of England in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry 1. He had two daughters Petronilla or Parnel marry'd to Robert Blanchemaines so call'd from the whiteness of his hands Earl of Leicester with whom he had the Stewardship of England and Alice married to Roger Bigot At the East-end of this Church are to be seen trenches and rampires cast up to a great height which the Inhabitants say was Hugh's-castle Three miles from hence lyes Bosworth Bosworth an ancient market-town d For distinction from another of the same name in the Hundred of Gartery it is call'd commonly Market-Bosworth Burton p. 47. which liberty
with its Fairs Richard Harecourt obtain'd from King Edward 1. e The battel was fought at three miles distance from this town but because this was the most remarkable it was therefore said to be at Bosworth-field Mr. Burton Hist of Leicestershire p. 47. has given us several remains of that engagement as pieces of armour arrow-heads c. digg'd up there Near this town within the memory of our grandfathers the right of the Crown of England happen'd to be finally determin'd by a battel For there Henry Earl of Richmond with a small body of men gave battel to Richard the third who in a most wicked manner had usurp'd the Crown and whilst for the liberty of his Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd himself to death he happily overcame and slew the Tyrant and in the midst of blood and slaughter was with joyful acclamations saluted King having by his valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a tyrant and by his prudence eas'd the nation from the disquiet of civil dissentions d Hereupon Bernardus Andreas a Poet of Tholouse who liv'd in those days in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Roses which were the â Insignia Device of that King Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmura praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Now the rough tempests all have breath'd their last All winds are hush't except the gentle west By whose kind gales are blushing Roses blown And happy spring with all its joys comes on Other things worthy our mention near this way we do not meet with unless it be at a greater distance f This place is largely desrib'd by Mr. Burton in his History of Leicestershire p. 16. Ashby de la Zouch Ashby Barons Zouch of Ashby a most pleasant town now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon formerly to Alan de la Zouch 7 Who descended from Alan Viscount of Rohan in Little-Britain and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earl of Britain and Maud his wife the natural daughter of Henry the first a Baron who bore for his arms on a Shield Gules 10 Bezants This man having marry'd one of the heiresses of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in her right came to a great estate in this County but having commenced a suit against John Earl of Warren who chose rather to determine the matter by Sword than by Law he was kill'd by him in the King's-hall at Westminster An. 1279. And some few years after the daughters and heirs of his Nephew convey'd this estate by their marriages into the families of Seymour 8 Of Castle Cary. and Holland Hollands 9 Yet their father first bestow'd this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards-castle his Cousin whose youger issue thereupon took the surname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger son of Alane who was slain in Westminster-hall the Lords Zouch of Haringworth branch'd out and have been for many descents Barons of the Realm But this town came afterwards to the family of Hastings who have here a very magnificent seat of which family William procured from Henry the sixth the privilege of certain Fairs Nor ought I to pass over in silence Cole-Overton âââton the seat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont 10 Descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Viscount Which Sir Thomas as some write was he who was slain manfully fighting at such time as the French recover'd Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the sixth branch'd from that famous family of the Viscounts de Bellomont It hath a name of distinction from Pit-Coles ãâã Coles being a bituminous earth harden'd by nature and here to the Lord of the Manour's great profit digg'd up in such plenty as to supply the neighbouring Country all about with firing The river Soar as I have already observ'd cuts through the middle of this County which rising not far from the Street-way and encreasing with the addition of many running waters flows gently Northward and in its course passes by the West and North-sides of the principal town of the Shire call'd by Author's g In the Saxon it has several names according to the several Copies Legerceaster Ligoraceaster Lygraceaster Legraceaster Legoraceaster In reading our ancient Histories it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the British Caerlegion or Caerleon West-Chester which is nam'd Legeceaster Legaceaster and by middle ag'd writers Legacestre See a large description of this place in Mr. Burton's Antiquities of Leicestershire p. 160 c. Lege-cestria Leogora Legeo-cester and Leicester Leicester It is a place that shows great antiquity and no less beauty in its buildings In the year 680 when Sexwulph by King Ethelred's order divided the kingdom of the Mercians into Dioceses he plac'd here a Bishop's seat and became himself the first Bishop of this See But after few years the See being translated to another place that dignity determin'd and the reputation of the town by little and little decay'd till Edelfleda a noble Lady in the year after our Saviour's nativity 914 repair'd and fortify'd the place with new walls so that Matthew Paris in his Lesser History writes thus Legecestria is a most wealthy city and encompast with an indissoluble wall of which if the foundation were strong and good the place would be inferiour to no city whatsoever At the coming in of the Normans it was well peopled and frequented and had many Burgesses Twelve of whom as we find recorded in William the first 's Book were by ancient Tenure to go with the King as often as he went to war But in case he made an expedition by sea then they sent four horses as far as London for the carriage of arms or other necessaries This town paid to the King yearly thirty pounds by tale and twenty in Ore 11 That is by weight and five and twenty h A measure containing our pint and a half or in weight 24 ounces Sextaries of Honey i This as Mr. Burton observes was done by Richard Lucie Lord Chief Justice of England to whom the government of this nation was committed the King then being absent in Ireland A. D. 1173. But in the time of Henry the second it was oppress'd with great miseries and the walls demolisht when Robert sirnam'd Bossu that is Crook-back Earl of Leicester endeavour'd an insurrection against his Prince Which Matthew Paris delivers in these words For the contumacy of Earl Robert in opposing the King the noble city of Leicester was besieged and ruin'd by King Henry and the wall which seem'd indissoluble thrown down to the very foundation quite round Let me add out of the said Lesser History That the walls being faulty in the foundations when they were undermin'd and the props burnt that supported them fell in great pieces which remain
William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle Mat. Par. like a rebel fortify'd it and plunder'd the whole neighbourhood laid almost level with the ground Afterwards this became the seat and as it were the head of the Barony of the Colvills Colvill who lived for a long time in very great honour but failed in Ed. 3.'s time so that the Gernons and those Bassets of Sapcot had this inheritance in right of their wives A little way from the head of the river Witham stands Paunton Paunton that boasteth very much of its antiquity chequer'd pavements of the Romans are very often dug up in it and there was here formerly a bridge over the river For both the name Paunton and its distance not only from Margidunum but also from Croco-calana Pontes do evince that this is that Ad pontem which Antoninus places 7 miles from Margidunum For Antoninus calls that town Croco-calana which we name Ancaster being at this time only one direct street along the military way one part of which not long since belong'd to the Vescies the other to the Cromwells In the entrance on the South I saw a trench and 't is very evident 't was a castle formerly as also on the other side towards the West are to be seen certain summer camps of the Romans It seems to have had that British name from its situation for it lies under a hill and we read in Giraldus Cambrensis and in Ninnius that among the Britains Cruc maur signify'd a great hill and Cruc-occhidient a mount in the west but I leave others to find out the meaning of the word Colana The antiquity of this town appears by Roman coins by the Vaults that are often discover'd by its situation on the high-way and by the fourteen miles distance between this and Lincoln the road lying through a green plain call'd Ancaster-heath for just so many Antoninus makes it to be between Croco-calana and Lindum But let us follow the river p Next to Paunton q is to be seen Grantham Grantham a town of no small resort adorn'd with a School built by Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester and with a fair Church having a very high spire steeple remarkable for the many stories that are told of it Beneath this town near the little village Herlaxton in the last age was a brazen vessel plow'd up in which they found an old fashion'd gold helmet A golden Hâlmât studded with jewels which was presented to Katharine of Spain Queen Dowager to Henry the eighth From hence Witham after a long course northwards runs near Somerton-castle Somârton Lib. Dunelmensis built by Anthony Bec Bp. of Durham by whom 't was given to Edward the first but a little after to 10 Sir William William de Bellomont Lords of Bâllomont who about that time came into England of him is descended the family of the Viscounts de Bellomonte which in the last age was almost extinct the sister and heiress of the last Viscount being married to John Lord Lovel de Tichmersh but we have spoken already of this family in Leicestershire From hence the river winds towards the South east through a fenny country and discharges it self into the German-sea a little below Boston after it has bounded Kesteven on the North. Altho' this river falls from a steep descent and large chanel into the sea yet by the great floods in the winter it overflows the fenns on each side with no small loss to the Country however these waters are drain'd in the spring by the sluces call'd by them Gotes On the other side of Witham lyes the third part of this County call'd Lindsey Lindsey by Bede Lindissi from the chief city of this shire 't is bigger than Hoiland or Kesleven jetting out into the ocean with a large front which has the sea continually plying upon its East and North shores on the West lyes the river Trent on the South 't is parted from Kesteven by the Witham and the Foss-dike Foss-dike seven miles in length cut by Henry the first between the Witham and the Trent Hoveden for the conveniency of carriage from Lincoln At the entrance of this Dike into the Trent stands Torksey Torkesey in Saxon Turcesig now a little mean town but heretofore very noted for there were in it before the Norman times as 't is in Domesday-book Domesday-book two hundred Burgesses who enjoy'd many privileges on condition that they should carry the King's Ambassadors as often as they came that way down the river Trent in their own barges and conduct them as far as York r At the joyning of this Dike to Witham s stands the Metropolis of this County call'd by Ptolemy and Antoninus Lindum Lindum by the Britains Lindcoit from the woods instead whereof 't is in some places falsly written Luitcoit Lincoln Bede calls it Lindecollinum and the city Lindecollina but whether it be from its situation on a hill or because 't was formerly a Colony I will not undertake to determine the Saxons call it Lindo-collyne Lind-cyllanceaster the Normans Nichol we Lincoln the Latins Lincolnia From whence Alexander Necham in his Treatise de Divina Sapientia Lindisiae columen Lincolnia sive columna Munifica foelix gente repleta bonis Her pillar thee great Lincoln Lindsey owns Fam'd for thy store of goods and bounteous sons Others believe it had its name from the river Witham which say they was formerly call'd Lindis but they have no authority so this is a bare conjecture For my part I cannot agree with them for Necham himself who wrote four hundred years ago contradicts them and calls this river Witham in these verses Trenta tibi pisces mittit Lincolnia sâd te Nec dedigneris Withama parvus adit Trent Lincoln sends the fish that load thy halls And little Witham creeps along thy walls And waits on thee himself ah be not proud Nor scorn the visit of the humble flood I should rather derive it from the British word Lhin which with them signifies a Lake for I have been inform'd by the citizens that Witham was wider formerly at Swanpole below the city altho' 't is at this day very broad I need take no notice of Lindaw in Germany standing by the Lake Acronius to confirm it nor of Linternum in Italy situated upon a Lake since Tall-hin Glan-lhin Linlithquo are towns in our Country of Britain standing upon Lakes The city it self is very large and much resorted to being built on the side of a noted hill where the Witham winds about towards the East and being divided into three chanels watereth the lower part of it That the ancient Lindum of the Britains stood on the very top of the hill of a very difficult ascent and lay much farther extended in length Northward than the gate Newport is evident by the plain signs of a rampire and deep ditches still visible Vortimer that warlike Britain who had very often routed
the Saxons died in this City and was here interr'd altho' he left commands to the contrary for he as 't is related by Ninnius Eluodugus's disciple hop'd and was fully perswaded that his Ghost would defend Britain from the Saxons if he should be buried on the Sea-shore But yet the Saxons after they had demolish'd this old Lindum first inhabited the South-side of the hill 11 At the foot whereof they built as it seemeth the gate yet standing compiled of vast stones and fortified it with the ruins of the former town afterwards they went down near the river built in a place call'd Wickanforde and wall'd it on that side where it was not guarded by the water At which time Paulinus as Bede Bede affirms preach'd the word of God in the Province of Lindesey and first of all converted the Governour of the city Lindcolnia whose name was Blecca with his whole family He built in this city a curious Church of stone the roof whereof is either fall'n down for want of repairing or beat down by force of some enemy for the walls are yet to be seen standing Afterwards the Danes won it twice by assault first when those pillaging troops took it from whom Edmund Ironside wrested it by force secondly when Canutus took it from whom 't was retaken by Aetheldred who on his return out of Normandy valiantly drove Canutus out of this town and beyond all expectation recover'd England which was very nigh lost In Edward the Confessor's reign there was in it as 't is set down in Domesday-book one thousand and seventy Inns for entertainment and twelve Lagemen having their Sac and Soc. 'T was indeed in the Norman times as Malmsbury relates one of the most populous cities of England and a mart for all goods coming by land and water for at that time there were taxed in it as 't is in the said Domesday-book Nine hundred Burgesses and many dwelling houses to the number of one hundred sixty and six were destroy'd for the castle with 74 more without the limits of the castle not by the oppression of the Sheriff and his Ministers but by misfortune poverty and fire William the first to strengthen it and to keep the Citizens in awe built a very large and strong castle on the ridge of the hill and about the same time Remigius Bishop of Dorchester to grace it transferr'd hither from Dorchester a little town in the farthest part of his Diocese his Bishop's See And when the Church erected by Paulinus was utterly decay'd The aforesaid Râmigius bought in the very highest part of the city several houses with the ground thereto belonging near the castle that overtops all as Henry of Huntingdon notes with its mighty towers and built in a strong place a strong and fine Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary and endow'd it with 44 Prebends at which the Arch-bishop of York was very angry for he claim'd for himself the property of the ground This Church being disfigur'd by fire was afterwards repair'd as the said Henry mentions with very great art by Alexander that bountiful Bishop of Lincoln of whom the aforesaid William of Malmsbury speaks thus Seeing he was lookt upon as a prodigy by reason of his small body his mind strove to excel and be the more famous in the world and among other things a Poet of that age wrote thus Qui dare festinans gratis ne danda rogentur Quod nondum dederat nondum se credit habere Still with frank gifts preventing each request What is not yet bestow'd he thinks not yet possest And not only these two but Robert Bloet who was predecessor to Alexander and R. de Beaumeis Hugo Burgundus and their successors contributed to advance this work which was too much for one Bishop to its present state and grandeur The whole pile is not only very costly but indeed very beautiful and excellent for its workmanship especially that porch on the West-side which attracts and delights every beholders eye Altho' there be many tombs of Bishops and others in this Church yet the only ones worth our notice are that of brass in which the entrails of the most excellent Queen Eleanor wife to Edward the first 12 Who dy'd at Hardby in this Shire are interr'd and that of 13 Sir Nicholas Nicholas de Cantelupo with one or two belonging to the family of Burghersh also that of Katharine Swinford third wife to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster and mother of the Somerset-family with whom lyes buried her daughter Joan second wife to Ralph Nevill the first Earl of Westmorland who had many children by her The Diocese of the Bishops of Lincoln being of a far greater extent than that of the Bishops of Sidnacester who in the primitive Saxon Church presided in this County contain'd under it so many Counties that its greatness was a burden to it and altho' Henry the second took out of it the Diocese of Ely and Henry the eighth those of Peterborough and Oxford yet 't is still counted the largest Bishoprick in England both for jurisdiction and number of shires and contains no less than 1247 Parish-Churches Many excellent Bishops have govern'd this See since Remigius but to be particular in reckoning them is beyond my design And therefore make no mention of Robert Bloet on whom King William Rufus set an amercement of 50000 pounds alledging that the Bishop's title to the city of Lincoln was defective ââeden nor of that bountiful Alexander who was ever extravagantly fond of prodigious buildings nor yet of Hugo Burgundus who being canoniz'd had his corps carry'd to the grave as my Author says on the shoulders of King John and his Nobles out of respect and duty to God and the sainted Prelate I must not however omit mentioning two persons ãâã diâd â â233 the one Robert Grostest a better Scholar and Linguist than could be expected from the age he liv'd in âatth Paris âd an ânymous âtârian an awe to the Pope a Monitor to the King a Lover of Truth a Corrector of Prelates a Director of Priests an Instructor of the Clergy a Maintainer of Scholars a Preacher to the People and a diligent Searcher of Scripture a Mallet to the Romanists c. The other is the most reverend Father Thomas Cooper very deserving both from the Common-wealth of Learning and from the Church whom I am bound always to honour for that he was the Master in whose School I must graetfully own I had my education The city it self also flourish'd for a long time being made by Edward the third a Staple âhe Staple as they call it that is a Mart for Wooll Leather Lead c. Tho' it cannot have reason to complain of great misfortunes yet it has been once burnt once besieged and that in vain by King Stephen who was there overthrown and taken prisoner and once taken by Henry the third defended then against him by his rebellious Barons who
17 More inward are Driby and Ormesby neighbour towns which gave sirnames to two great families in their times From the Dribyes descended the elder Lords Cromwell now determined and from Oâââesbies the house of Skipwiâh still continuing Then Louth a little market-town of good resort taking its name from Lud a little river that runs by Cockerington heretofore the head of the Barony de Scoteney And lastly Grimsby Grimsby which our Sabines Eulogium lovers of their own conceits will have so call'd from one Grime a Merchant who brought up a little child of the Danish blood-royal nam'd Havelock that was exposed for which he is much talk'd of as is also that Haveloc his Pupil who was first a Scullion in the King's kitchen but afterwards for his eminent valour had the honour to marry the King's daughter He perform'd I know not what great exploits which for certain are fitter for tattling gossips in a winter night than a grave Historian bb 18 But the honour and ornament of this place was the right reverend Doctor Whitgift late Archbishop of Canterbuây a peerless Prelate for piety and learning in our days Scarce six miles from hence farther in the Country is to be seen the ancient castle call'd at this time Castor Castor in Saxon Duang-caster and Thong-caster in British Caer-Egarry Thong-castle but in both languages it takes the name from the thing viz. from a hide cut in pieces as Byrsa Byrsa the most noted Carthaginian castle did For 't is affirm'd in our annals that Hengist the Saxon having conquer'd the Picts and Scots and got very large possessions in other places begged also of Vortigern as much ground in this place as he could encompass with an Ox's hide cut out in very small Thongs where he built this castle whence one who has writ a Breviary of the British history in verse transpos'd Virgil's verses in this manner Accepitque solum facti de nomine Thongum Taurino quantum poterat circundare tergo Took and call'd Thong in memory of the deed The ground he compass'd with an Ox's hide From Grimesby the shore gives back with great winding and admits the aestuary Abus or Humber by Thornton heretofore a College for divine worship founded by William Crassus Earl of Albemarle and by Barton where we pass into the County of York Thââââ Câllâg by a very noted Ferry Next this lies Ankam a little muddy river and for that reason full of Eels Bâââ ãâ¦ã âber which at last runs into the Humber near the spring-head of it stands Market-Rasin so call'd from a pretty throng market there A little higher stands Angotby now corruptly call'd Osgodby belonging heretofore to the family 19 Of Semarc of S. Medardo from whom the Airmoines had it by inheritance Oâgâââ and Kelsay which was sometime the estate of the Hansards very eminent in this Shire Kâââ from whom it came to the Ashcoughs Knights by marriage cc Afterwards the Ankam is joyn'd with a bridge to Glanford a little market town call'd by the common people Brigg from the bridge the true name being almost quite forgotten Near this town within a park is to be seen Kettleby the seat of the famous family of the Tirwhitts Knights 20 Descended from Grovil Oxenbridge and Echingham but formerly the dwelling-place of one Ketellus Kâttâââ as the name it self intimates Tirwâââ which was very common among the Danes and Saxons For in Saxon Bye signifies an habitation and Byan to inhabit which is the reason why so many places all over England but especially in this County end in By. Bye This County is at certain seasons so stock'd with fowl to say nothing of fish that one may very justly admire the numbers and variety of them Birds and those not common ones and such as are of great value in other Countries namely Teal Quails Woodcocks Pheasants Partridge c. but such as we have no Latin words for and that are so delicate and agreeable that the nicest palates always covet them viz. Puittes Godwitts Knotts that is as I take it Canutus's birds for they are believ'd to fly hither out of Denmark Dotterells Knots so call'd from their dotish silliness for the mimick birds are caught at candle-light by the fowler's gestures Dottâââs if he stretch out his arm they imitate him with their wing if he holds out his leg they likewise will do the same with theirs to be short whatsoever the fowler does they do after him till at last they let the net be drawn over them But I leave these to be observed either by such as delight curiously to dive into the secrets of nature or that squander away their estates in luxury and epicurism More westward the river Trent after a long course within its sandy banks which are the bounds to this Shire falls from the Fossedike into the Humber having first of all ran pretty near Stow Stow. where Godiva Earl Leofrick's wife built a Monastery which by reason of its low situation under the hills is said by Henry of Huntingdon to lye under the Promontory of Lincoln dd Then by Knath now the seat of the Lord Willoughby of Parham formerly of the family of the Barons of Darcy Knath who had great honours and possessions by the daughter and heir of Meinill This family of the Darcies came from one more ancient to wit from one Norman de Adrecy or Darcy of Nocton who was in high esteem under Henry 3. His posterity endow'd the little Monastery at Alvingham in this County Dârcy de Nocâââ Knath But this honour was in a manner extinct when Norman the last of the right and more ancient line left only two sisters the one married to Roger Penwardin the other to Peter de Limbergh Fiâes 29 Eâ â Afterwards the Trent runs down to Gainsborow a little town famous for being the harbour of the Danish ships and for the death of Sueno Tiugskege Gaââââârow a Danish Tyrant who when he had pillaged the Country as Matthew of Westminster writes was here stabb'd by an unknown person and so at last suffer'd the punishment due to his wickedness Some ages after this it was the possession of 21 Sir William William de Valentia Earl of Pembroke who obtain'd of Edw. 1. the privilege of a Fair for it The Barons of Borrough who dwell here of whom we have spoken before in Surrey are descended from this Earl by the Scotch Earls of Athol âââs of ââough and the Percies ee In this part of the County stood formerly the city Sidnacester once the seat of the Bishops of this County who were call'd Bishops of Lindiffar ââacester but this town is now so sadly decay'd that neither the ruins nor name of it are in being ff I must not omit that here at Mellwood there flourishes the honourable family of St. Paul Knights corruptly call'd Sampoll which
Canutus founded for Nuns who being expell'd within a little time in the year 1040. Leofrick Earl of Mercia enlarg'd it and in a manner built it a-new with so great a show of gold and silver to use Malmesbury's words that the walls of the Church seem'd too strait to contain the treasures of it It was very prodigious to behold for from one beam were scrap'd w Five hundred marks Malmesb. See Dugdale's Warwickshire 50 marks of silver And he endow'd it with so great revenues that Robert de Limsey Bishop of Lichfield and Chester remov'd his See hither as to the golden sands of Lydia that as the same Malmesbury hath it he might steal from the treasures of the Church wherewithall to fill the King's Coffers to cheat the Pope of his provisions and gratifie the Roman avarice However this See after a few years return'd back to Lichfield but upon these terms that one and the same Bishop should be stil'd Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield The first Lord of this City that I know of ãâã of âââtry was Leofrick who being incens'd against the Citizens laid upon them very heavy taxes these he would by no means remit notwithstanding the great intercession of his Lady Godiva unless she would consent to âide naked thro' the most frequented parts of the city ââ50 which if credit may be given to tradition she perform'd âegus having cover'd her body with her long dangling hair without being seen by any one and so freed her Citizens from many heavy impositions From Leofrick this City by Lucia his son Algar's daughter came into the possession of the Earls of Chester for she had marry'd Ranulph the first Earl of that name and the third of the family who granted the same Liberties to Coventry that Lincoln enjoy'd and gave a great part of the City to the Monks the residue of it and Chilmore their manour-house near the City he reserv'd to him and his heirs who dying and the inheritance for want of issue-male coming to be divided amongst the sisters Coventry by the death of the Earls of Arundel fell to Roger de Monte alto De monte Alto. or Monthault whose grandson Robert granted all his right for want of issue-male to Queen Isabel Mother of King Edw. 3. to hold during her life after her decease the remainder to John de Eltham brother of the King and to the heirs of his body begotten In default of such the remainder to Edward King of England and his heirs for ever For so you have it in a Fine the second year of Edward 3. But John of Eltham was afterwards created Earl of Cornwall and this place became annex'd to the Earldom of Cornwall from which time it hath flourish'd very much Several Kings gave it divers immunities and privileges especially Edward 3. who granted them the electing of a Mayor and two Bayliffs 11 And to build and embattle a wall about it and Henry 6. who having laid to it some of the neighbouring villages granted by his Charter For so are the very words of it That it should be an entire County incorporate by it self in deed and name distinct from the County of Warwick At which time in lieu of two Bayliffs he constituted two Sheriffs and the Citizens began to enclose it with very strong walls In these are very noble and beautiful gates at that which goes by the name of Gofford is to be seen a vast shield-bone of a Boar which you may believe that Guy of Warwick or Diana of the Groves which you please kill'd in hunting after he had with his shout turn'd up the pit or pond that is now called Swansewell-pool but in ancient Charters Swineswell As to the Longitude of this City it lies in 25 degrees and 52 scruples the Latitude in 52 degrees and 25 scruples Thus much of Coventry which yet that I may ingenuously acknowledge the person who furnish'd me with it you must know you have not from me but from Henry Ferrars of Badsley a person to be respected as for his birth so for his great knowledge in Antiquity and my very good friend who in this and other places courteously directed me and as it were gave me leave to light my candle at his s Near Coventry to the North are situated Ausley Ausley a castle heretofore of the Hastings Lords of Abergavenny and ww Brandon Brand Brand. of old a seat of the Verdons To the East is placed Caloughdon vulgarly call'd Caledon Caledon an ancient seat of the Barons Segrave Barons Segrave from whom it descended to the Barons de Berkley by one of the daughters of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk These Segraves from the time that Stephen de Segrave was Lord Chief Justice of England were Barons of this Realm and enjoy'd the inheritance of the Chaucumbs whose Arms from that time they assumed viz. Arms of the Segraves A Lion rampant Argent crowned Or in a shield Sable John the last of this family marry'd Margaret Dutchess of Norfolk daughter of Thomas de Brotherton and had issue Elizabeth who carry'd the honour of Marshal of England and title of Duke of Norfolk into the family of the Mowbrays Not far from hence is Brinkle Brinkle-castle where was an ancient castle of the Mowbrays to which belong'd many fair possessions lying round it but time hath swept away the very ruins of it t as also of the Monastery of Combe Combe-Abbey which the Camvils and the Mowbrays endow'd Out of whose ashes the fair structure of the Harringtons arose in this place As you go Eastward x Anciently writ Thester Over as being seated castward of Monks-kirby and call'd but lately Cester-over by the inhabitants Dugd. Warwicksh p. 60. Cester-over presents it self the possession of the Grevils of whom I have before made mention Near which Watling street a Military way of the Romans dividing this County to the North from Leicestershire passes by High-cross of which we have already spoken near Nonn-eaton which of old was call'd Eaton but Amicia the wise of Robert Bossu Earl of Leicester as Henry Knighton writes having founded a Monastery of Nuns here in which she her self was profess'd of that number from those Nuns it got the name of Non-Eaton And formerly it was of great fame for the piety of its holy virgins who being constant in their devotions gave a good example of holy living to all about them Near this stood heretofore Asteley-castle Asteley the chief seat of the family of the Asteleys 12 Out of which flourish'd Barons in the time of King Edward the first second and third Baron Asteâey the heiress of which was the second wife of Reginald Grey Lord of Ruthin From him sprang the Greys Marquisses of Dorset some of whom lye interr'd 13 In a most fine and fair Collegiate Church which Thomas Lord Astley founded with a Dean and Secular Canons in the neat
for she was married to Walter de Beauchamp whom King Stephen made Constable of England when he displaced Miles Earl of Glocester Within a few years after K. Stephen made Walleran Earl of Mellent 6 Twin-brother brother to Robert Bossu Robert de Monte. Earl of Leicester the first Earl of Worcester and gave him the City of Worcester which Walleran became a Monk and died at Preaux in Normandy in the year 1166. His son Robert who married the daughter of Reginald Earl of Cornwall and set up the standard of Rebellion against Hen. 2. and Peter the son of Robert who revolted to the French in 1203. used only the title of Earl of Mellent as far as I have observed and not of Worcester For K. Hen. 2. who succeeded Stephen did not easily suffer any to enjoy those honours under him which they had received from his enemy For as the Annals of the Monastery of Waverley have it he deposed the titular and pretended Earls among whom K. Stephen had indiscreetly distributed all the Revenues of the Crown After this till the time of K. Rich. 2. I know of none who bore the title of Earl of Worcester He conferred it upon Thomas Percy who being slain in the Civil wars by Hen. 4. Richard Beauchamp descended from the Abtots received this honour from K. Hen. 5. After him who died without heirs male John Tiptoft Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was created Earl of Worcester by K. Hen. 6. And he presently after siding with Edward 4. and accommodating himself with a blind obedience to the humour of that Prince became the Executioner of his vengeance till he in like manner lost his own head when Hen. 6. was restored But K. Edward having recovered the Crown restored Edward Tiptoft his son to all again He died without issue and the estate was divided among the sisters of that John Tiptoft who was Earl of Worcester Orig. 1 H. 7. R. 36. who were married to the Lord Roos Lord Dudley and Edmund Ingoldsthorp whereupon Charles Somerset natural son of Henry Duke of Somerset was honoured with that title by K. Hen. 8. to whom in a direct line have succeeded Henry William and Edward who is now living and among his other vertuous and noble qualities is to be honoured as a great Patron of good literature This County hath 152 Parishes ADDITIONS to WORCESTERSHIRE a AFTER the Britains were expell'd this nation by the Conquering Saxons they retir'd beyond the Severn and defended their new Territories against the encroaching Enemy So that the County of Worcester with those other through which that large river runs were for a long time the frontiers between the two people And * Breviar f. 26. p. 1. as Mr. Twine has observ'd most of the great cities that lye upon the East-shore of Severn and Dee were built to resist the irruptions of the Britains by the Romans or Saxons or both like as the Romans erected many places of strength on the West-shore of the Rhine to restrain the forcible invasions of the Germans into France b The people of those parts in Bede's time before England was divided into Counties were as our Author observes term'd Wiccii as also were some of their neighbours But the great question is how far that name reach'd the solution whereof is not attempted by Mr. Camden They seem to have inhâbited all that tract which was anciently subject to the Bishops of Worcester that is all Glocestershire on the East-side Severn with the city of Bristol all Worcestershire except 16 parishes in the North-west-part lying beyond Aberley-hills and the river Teme and near the South-half of Warwickshire with Warwick-town For as under the Heptarchy at first there was but one Bishop in each kingdom and the whole realm was his Diocese so upon the subdividing the kingdom of Mercia into five Bishopricks An. Dom. 679. of which Florentius Wigorniensis saith Wiccia was the first doubtless the Bishop had the entire Province under his jurisdiction and accordingly he was stil'd Bishop of the Wiccians and not of Worcester This will appear more probable yet from a passage in â P. 559. edit Lond. quarto Florentius who saith that Oshere Vice-Roy of the Wiccians perswaded Aethelred King of Mercia to make this division out of a desire that the Province of Wiccia which he govern'd with a sort of Regal power might have the honour of a Bishop of its own This being effected his See was at Worcester the Metropolis of the Province which according to â Hist Ecel lib. 2. cap. 2. Bede border'd on the Kingdom of the West-Saxons that is Wiltshire and Somersetshire and Coteswold-hills lye in it which in Eadgar's Charter to Oswald is call'd Mons Wiccisca or Wiccian-hill tho' * Concil Tom. 1. p. 433. Spelman reads it corruptly Monte Wittisca and the â Monast Angl. T. 1. p. 140. Monasticon more corruptly Wibisca Moreover Sceorstan which possibly is the Shire-stone beyond these hills is said by â Flor. p. 385. 4o. Florentius to be in Wiccia c Having premi's thus much concerning the ancient Inhabitants of those parts let us next with Mr. Camden go thorow the County it self In the very North-point whereof lies Stourbridge Stourbridge so nam'd from the river Stour upon which it stands a well-built market-town and of late much enrich'd by the iron and glass-works King Edward the sixth sounded and liberally endow'd a Grammar-school here and in our time near this place the pious munificence of Tho. Foley Esq erected a noble Hospital and endow'd it with Lands for the maintenance and education of 60 poor Children chosen mostly out of this and some neighbour parishes They are instructed in Grammar Writing Arithmetick c. to fit them for trades Their habit and discipline are much like that of Christ's Hospital in London d Going along with the Stour not far from its entrance into the Severn we meet with Kidderminster Kidderminster famous for the Bissets Lords of it part of whose estate Mr. Camden tells us upon a division came to an Hospital in Wiltshire built for Lepers This was Maiden-Bradley * Monast Angl. Tom. 2. p. 408. which was built by Manser Bisset in King Stephen's time or the beginning of Henr. 2. and endow'd by him and his son Henry long before the estate was divided among daughters â Dugd Baronage T. 1. p. 632. For that hapned not till the year 1241. so that the Tradition of the Leprous Lady is a vulgar fable e Leaving this river our next guide is the Severn upon which stands Holt-castle Holt castlââ now the inheritance of the Bromleys descended from Sir Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellor of England in the middle of Queen Elizabeth's reign A little below Salwarp enters the Severn not far from the first lies Grafton Grafton which Mr. Camden tells us was given to Gilbert Talbot and that hapned upon the attainder of Humfrey Stafford Brook's Cataloguâ of
the same river not far from the mouth it self which Ptolemy calls Seteia for Deia stands that noble city which the same Ptolemy writes Deunana ââana ãâã and Antoninus Deva from the river the Britains Caer-Legion Caer-Leon-Vaur Caer-Leon ar Dufyr Dwy and by way of preheminence Caer as our Ancestors the Saxons Legeacester from the Legion's camp there and we more contractly ââer West-chester from its westwardly situation and simply Chester according to that verse Cestria de Castris nomen quasi Castria sumpsit Chester from Caster or the Camp was nam'd And without question these names were derived from the twentieth Legion call'd Victrix For in the second Consulship of Galba the Emperor with Titus Vinius that Legion was transported into Britain where growing too heady and too formidable to the Lieutenants as well to those of Consular dignity as those who had been only Praetors Vespasian the Emperor made Julius Agricola Lieutenant over them and they were at last seated in this City which I believe had not been then long built for a check and barriere to the Ordovices Tho' I know some do aver it to be older than the Moon to have been built many thousands of years ago by the gyant Leon Vaur But these are young Antiquaries and the name it self may convince them of the greatness of this errour For they cannot deny but that Leon Vaur in British signifies a great Legion and whether it is more natural to derive the name of this City from a great Legion or from the gyant Leon let the world judge considering that in Hispania Tarraconensis we find a territory call'd Leon from the seventh Legio Germanica and that the twentieth Legion call'd Britannica Valens Victrix and falsly by some Valeria Victrix was quarter'd in this City as Ptolemy Antoninus and the coins of Septimius Geta testifie c By the coins last mention'd it appears also that Chester was a Colony Chester â Roman Colony for the reverse of them is inscribed COL DIVANA LEG XX. VICTRIX And tho' at this day there remain here few memorials of the Roman magnificence besides some pavements of Chequer-works yet in the last age it afforded many as Ranulph a Monk of this City tells us in his Polychronicon There are ways here under ground wonderfully arched with stone work vaulted Dining-rooms huge stones engraven with the names of the Ancients and sometimes coins digged up with the Inscriptions of Julius Caesar and other famous men Likewise Roger of Chester in his Polycraticon c This passage is likewise in the Polychronicon When I beheld the foundation of vast buildings up and down in the streets it seemed rather the effect of the Roman strength and the work of Giants than of the British industry The City is of a square form surrounded with a wall two miles in compass and contains eleven Parish-Churches 2 But that of St. John's without the North-gate was the fairest being a stately and solemn building as appears by the remains wherein were anciently Prebendaries and as some write the Bishop's See Upon a rising ground near the river stands the Castle built by the Earl of this place wherein the Courts Palatine and the Assizes were held twice a year The buildings are neat The Rowes and there are Piazza's on both sides along the chief street 3 They call them Rowes having shops on both sides through which a man may walk dry from one end unto the other The City has not been equally prosperous at all times first it was demolish'd by Egfrid the Northumbrian then by the Danes but repair'd by Aedelfleda * Domina Governess of the Mercians and soon after saw King Eadgar gloriously triumphing over the British Princes For being seated in a triumphal Barge at the fore-deck Kinnadius King of Scotland Malcolin King of Cumberland Circ An. 960. Macon King of Man and of the Islands with all the Princes of Wales brought to do him homage like Bargemen row'd him up the river Dee to the great joy of the Spectators Afterwards Churches restor'd Glaber Rodolphus about the year 1094. when as one says by a pious kind of contest the fabricks of Cathedrals and other Churches began to be more decent and stately and the Christian world began to raise it self from the old dejected state and sordidness to the decency and splendour of white Vestments Hugh the first of Norman blood that was Earl of Chester repaired the Church which Leofrick had formerly founded here in honour of the Virgin Saint Werburga and by the advice of Anselm whom he had invited out of Normandy granted the same unto the Monks Now the town is famous for the tomb of Henry the fourth Emperour of Germany who is said to have abdicated his Empire and become an Hermite here and also for its being an Episcopal See This See was immediately after the Conquest translated from Lichfield hither by Peter Bishop of Lichfield after it was transferred to Coventry and from thence into the ancient Seat again so that Chester continu'd without this dignity till the last age when King Henry the eighth displaced the Monks instituted Prebends and raised it again to a Bishop's See to contain within it's jurisdiction this County Lancashire Richmond c. and to be it self contained within the Province of York But now let us come to points of higher antiquity When the Cathedral here was built the Earls who were then Normans fortified the town with a wall and castle For as the Bishop held of the King that which belonged to his Bishoprick these are the very words of Domesday book made by William the Conquerour so the Earls with their men held of the King wholly all the rest of the city It paid gelt for fifty hides and there were 431 houses geldable and 7 Mint-masters When the King came in person here every Carrucat paid him 200 Hestha's one Cuna of Ale and one Rusca of Butter And in the same place For the repairing the city-wall and bridge the Provost gave warning by Edict that out of every hide of the County one man should come and whosoever sent not his man he was amerced 40 shillings to the King and Earl If I should particularly relate the skirmishes here between the Welsh and English in the beginning of the Norman times the many inroads and excursions the frequent firings of the suburbs of Hanbrid beyond the bridge whereupon the Welsh-men call it Treboeth that is the burnt town and tell you of the long wall made there of Welsh-mens skuls I should seem to forget my self and run too far into the business of an Historian From that time the town of Chester hath very much flourished and K. Hen. 7. incorporated it into a distinct County Nor is there now any requisite wanting to make it a flourishing city only the sea indeed is not so favourable as it has been to some few Mills that were formerly situated upon the river d ee for it
cool briezes which by an innate salubrity of air renders the Country exceeding temperate On the East it hath the mountains of Talgarth and Ewias On the North as he saith 't is a more open and champain Country where 't is divided from Radnorshire by the river Wy upon which there are two towns of noted antiquity Bûalht ââââht a and Hay Bûalht is a town pleasantly seated with woods about it and fortified with a castle but of a later building by the Breoses and Mortimers when as RhÅ·s ap Gryffydh had demolished the old one At present 't is noted for a good market but formerly it seems to have been a place very eminent for Ptolemy observes the Longitude and Latitude of it and calls it Bullaeum âââââeum Silurum b From this town the neighbouring part a mountainous and rocky Country is call'd Bualht into which upon the Incursion of the Saxons King Vortigern retir'd And there also by the permission of Aurelius Ambrosius his son Pascentius govern'd as we are inform'd by Ninnius who in his Chapter of Wonders relates I know not what prodigious story of a heap of stones here wherein might be seen the footsteps of King Arthur's Hound Hay in British Tregelhi which in English we may render Haseley or Hasleton lyes on the bank of the river Wy upon the borders of Herefordshire a place which seems to have been well known to the Romans since we often find their coyns there and some ruins of walls are still remaining But now being almost totally decay'd it complains of the outrages of that profligate Rebel Owen Glyn-Dowrdwy who in his march through these Countries consum'd it with fire c As the river Wy watereth the Northern part of this County so the Usk a noble river takes its course through the midst of it d which falling headlong from the Black-mountain and forcing a deep Chanel passes by Brecknock ââââknock the chief town of the County placed almost in the Center thereof This town the Britains call Aber-Hondhy ââhodni ââdo ââb from the confluence of the two rivers Hondhy and Usk. That it was inhabited in the time of the Romans is evident from several coyns of their Emperours sometimes found there Bernard Newmarch who conquered this small County built here a stately Castle which the Breoses and Bohuns afterward repaired and in our Fathers memory King Henry the eighth constituted a Collegiate Church of 14 Prebendaries in the Priory of the Dominicans which he translated thither from Aber-Gwily in Caer-mardhinshire Two miles to the East of Brecknock is a large Lake which the Britains call Lhyn Savèdhan and Lhyn Savà dhan Lhyn Savadham Giraldus calls it Clamosum from the terrible noise it makes like a clap of thunder at the cracking of the Ice In English 't is call'd Brecknockmere Brecknockmere it is two miles long and near the same breadth well stored with Otters and also Perches Tenches and Eels which the Fishermen take in their Coracls Lhewèni a small river having enter'd this Lake still retains its own colour and as it were disdaining a mixture is thought to carry out no more nor other water than what it brought in It hath been an ancient tradition in this neighbourhood that where the Lake is now there was formerly a City which being swallow'd up by an Earthquake resign'd its place to the waters d And to confirm this they alledge besides other arguments that all the high-ways of this County tend to this Lake Which if true what other City may we suppose on the river Lheweny but Loventium Loventium placed by Ptolemy in this tract which tho' I have diligently search'd for yet there appears no where any remains of the name ruins or situation of it Marianus which I had almost forgotten seems to call this place Bricenau-mere Bricenau-mere who tells us that Edelfleda the Mercian Lady enter'd the Land of the Britains Anno 913. in order to reduce a castle at Bricenaumere and that she there took the Queen of the Britains prisoner Whether that castle were Brecknock it self Brecknock-castle or Castelh Dinas on a steep tapering Rock above this Lake remains uncertain but it 's manifest from the Records of the Tower that the neighbouring castle of Blaen Lheveny Blaen Lheveni-castle was the chief place of that Barony which was the possession of Peter Fitz-Herbert the son of Herbert Lord of Dean-forest by Lucy the daughter of Miles Earl of Hereford e In the reign of William Rufus Bernard Newmarch the Norman a man of undaunted courage Lords of Brecknock and great policy having levied a considerable Army both of English and Normans was the first that attempted the reducing of this Country And having at length after a tedious war extorted it from the Welsh he built Forts therein and gave possession of Lands to his Fellow-souldiers amongst whom the chiefest were the Aubreys a Roger Gunter a younger brother of this family intermarrying with the daughter and heir of Thomas Stodey Esq â3 Henr. 4. settled at Kintbury or Kentbury in Barkshire where the Family still remains Gunters Haverds Waldebeofs and Prichards And the better to secure himself amongst his enemies the Welsh he married Nêst the daughter of Prince Gruffydh who being a woman of a licentious and revengeful temper at once depriv'd her self of her own reputation and her son of his Inheritance For Mahel the only son of this Bernard having affronted a young Nobleman with whom she conversed too familiarly she as the Poet saith iram atque animos à crimine sumens depos'd before King Henry the second that her son Mahel was begotten in adultery Upon which Mahel being excluded the estate devolved to his sister Sibyl and in her right to her husband Miles Earl of Hereford whose five sons dying without issue this Country of Brecknock became the Inheritance of Bertha his daughter who had by Philip de Breos a son William de Breos Lord of Brecknock Called also Braus and Breus upon whom the seditious spirit and * Procax shrewd tongue of his â Matildis de Haia wife drew infinite calamities For when she had utter'd reproachful language against King John the King strictly commanded her husband who was deep in his debt to discharge it Who after frequent demurrings at last mortgaged to the King his three castles of Hay Brecknock and Radnor which yet soon after he surprised putting the Garrisons to the Sword he also burnt the town of Lemster and thus with fire sword and depredations continued to annoy the Country omitting nothing of the common practice of Rebels But upon the approach of the King's forces he withdrew into Ireland where he associated with the King's enemies yet pretending a submission he return'd and surrender'd himself to the King who had intended to follow him but after many feign'd promises he again rais'd new commotions in Wales At last being compell'd to quit his native country he
all that part where they stand is depress'd lower than that above their heads or under their feet That 't is very ancient is unquestionable but whether a British Antiquity or done by some unskilful Roman Artist I shall not pretend to determine but recommend it together with the tradition of the neighbours concerning it to the farther disquisition of the curious At Pentre Yskythrog in Lhan St. Aerêd parish Insc at Pentre Yskythrog there is a stone pillar erected in the highway about the same height with the former but somewhat of a depress'd-cylinder form with this mutilated Inscription to be read downwards ãâã ãâã VICTORINI I suppose this Inscription notwithstanding the name Victorinus to have been somewhat of a later date than the time of the Romans and that 't is only a monument of some person buried there containing no more than his own name and his father's N. filius Victorini ânsc ãâã ââaeâor But this upon a cross in the highway at Vaenor parish is yet much later the Inscription whereof though it be intirely preserv'd is to me unintelligible for I dare not rely on a slight conjecture I had at first view of it that it might be read In nomine Domini Jesu Christi Tilus Tilaus or Teilaw being an eminent Saint to whom many Churches in Wales are consecrated IN NOMICE ⦠LUS ât Iâtut's Cââ In Lhan Hammwlch parish there is an ancient monument commonly call'd TÅ· Ilhtud or St. Iltut's Hermitage It stands on the top of a hill not far from the Church and is composed of four large stones somewhat of a flat form altogether rude and unpolish'd Three of which are so pitch'd in the ground and the fourth laid on the top for a cover that they make an oblong square Hut open at the one end about eight foot long four wide and near the same height Having enter'd it I found the two side-stones thus inscrib'd with variety of crosses I suppose this Cell notwithstanding the crosses and the name to have been erected in the time of Paganism for that I have elsewhere observ'd such monuments to be hereafter mention'd plac'd in the center of circles of stones somewhat like that at Rolrich in Oxfordshire And though there is not at present such a circle about this yet I have grounds to suspect they may have been carried off and applied to some use For there has been one remov'd very lately which stood within a few paces of this Cell and was call'd Maen Ilhtud and there are some stones still remaining there James Butler afterwards Duke of Ormond was created Earl of Brecknock Jul. 20. 1660. MONMOVTHSHIRE THE County of Monmouth call'd formerly Wentset or Wentsland and by the Britains Gwent from an ancient City of that name lies southward of Brecknock and Herefordshire On the north 't is divided from Herefordshire by the river Mynwy on the east from Glocestershire by the river Wye on the west from Glamorganshire by Rhymni and on the south 't is bounded by the Severn sea into which those rivers as also Usk that runs through the midst of this County are discharged It affords not only a competent plenty for the use of the inhabitants but also abundantly supplies the defects of the neighbouring Counties The east part abounds with pastures and woods the western is somewhat mountainous and rocky though not unserviceable to the industrious husbandman The inhabitants saith Giraldus writing of the time when he liv'd are a valiant and courageous people much inured to frequent Skirmishes and the most skilful archers of all the Welsh borderers In the utmost corner of the County Southward call'd Ewias Ewias stands the ancient Abbey of Lantoni Lantoni not far from the river Mynwy amongst Hatterel-hills which because they bear some resemblance to a chair are call'd Mynydh Kader a It was founded by Walter Lacy Laây to whom William Earl of Hereford gave large possessions here and from whom those Lacies so renown'd amongst the first Conquerours of Ireland were descended Giraldus Cambrensis to whom it was well known can best describe the situation of this small Abbey In the low vale of Ewias saith he which is about an arrow-shot over and enclos'd on all sides with high mountains stands the Church of St. John Baptist cover'd with lead and considering the solitariness of the place not unhandsomly built with an arched roof of stone in the same place where formerly stood a small Chapel of St. David 's the Arch-Bishop recommended with no other Ornaments than green moss and ivy A place fit for true Religion and the most conveniently seated for canonical discipline of any Monastery in the Island of Britain built first to the honour of that solitary life by two Hermits in this Desert sufficiently remote from all the noise of the world upon the river Hodeni which glides through the midst of the vale Whence 't was call'd Lhan Hodeni Hodney al. Hondhi Lhan signifying a Church or Religious place b But to speak more accurately the true name of that place in Welsh is Nant Hodeni for Nant signifies a rivulet whence the Inhabitants call it at this day Lhan-Dhewi yn Nant-Hodeni i.e. St. David's Church on the river Hodeni The rains which mountainous places always produce are here very frequent the winds exceeding fierce and the Winters almost continually cloudy Yet notwithstanding that gross air this place is little obnoxious to diseases The Monks sitting here in their Cloisters when they chance to look out for fresh air have a pleasing prospect on all hands of exceeding high mountains with plentiful herds of wild Deer feeding aloft at the âarthest limits of their Horizon The * This is contradicted by such as know the place body of the Sun surmounts not these hills so as to be visible to them till it be past one a clock even when the air is most clear And a little after The fame of this place drew hither Roger Bishop of Salisbury prime Minister of State who having for some time admired the situation and retired solitariness of it and alâo the contented condition of the Monks serving God with due reverence and their most agreeable and brotherly conversation being returned to the King and having spent the best part of a day in the praises of it he at last thus concluded his discourse What shall I say more all the Treâsure of your Majesty and the Kingdom would not suffice to build such a Cloister Whereupon both the King and Courtiers being astonish'd he at last explain'd that paradox by telling them he meant the mountains wherewith 't was on all hands enclos'd But of this enough if not too much On the river Mynwy are seen the castles of Grossmont Grossmont and Skinffrith Skinffrith which formerly by a Grant of King John belong'd to the Breoses but afterwards to Hubert de Burgh who as we are inform'd by â Hist Min. Matthew Paris that he might calm a Court-tempest of
Roman work the Britain bricks and Roman coyns there found are most certain arguments among which the Reverend Father in God Francis Bishop of Landaffe by whose information I write this imparted unto me of his kindness one of the greatest pieces that ever I saw coyn'd of Corinthian copper by the city of Elaia in the lesser Asia to the honour of the Emperour Severus with this Greek Inscription ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã that is The Emperour Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax And on the reverse an Horseman with a Trophee erected before him but the letters not legible save under him ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã that is of the Elaians which kind of great pieces the Italians call Medaglioni and were extraordinary coyns not for common use but coyn'd by the Emperours either to be distributed by the way of largess in Triumphs or to be sent for Tokens to men well deserving or else by free Cities to the glory and memory of good Princes What name this place anciently had is hard to be found but seemeth to have been the Port and Landing place for Venta Silurum when as it is but two miles from it Near Caldecot Cââdecot where the river Throgoy enters the Severn-Sea Inq 3 E. 1. I observ'd the wall of a castle which formerly belong'd to the High-Constables of England and was held by the service of Constableship of England Not far from hence are Wondy and Pen-how Wââdy and Peâ-ââw the seats formerly of the illustrious family of St. Maur St Maur or Seiââr now corruptly call'd Seimour For we find that about the year 1240. in order to wrest Wondy out of the hands of the Welsh G. Marescal Earl of Pembroke was obliged to assist William of St. Maur. From whom was descended Roger of St. Maur Kt. who married one of the heiresses of the illustrious J. Beauchamp the noble Baron of Hach who was descended from Sibyl one of the co-heiresses of that most puissant William Marshal E. of Pembroke and from William Ferrars Earl of Derby Hugh de Vivon and William Mallet men of eminent worth in their times The Nobility of all which as also of several others have as may be made evident concentred in the Right Honourable Edward de St. Maur or Seimour now Earl of Hereford a singular encourager of virtue and learning for which qualification he 's deservedly famous The Fenny tract extended below this for some miles is call'd the Moor The Mâor which at my present reviewing these notes An Inundatââ 16ââ Jan. has suffer'd a most lamentable devastation For the Severn-Sea after a Spring-tide being driven back by a Southwest-wind which continued for 3 days without intermission and then again repuls'd by a very forcible Sea-wind it raged with such a tide as to overflow all this lower tract and also that of Somersetshire over against it undermining several Houses and overwhelming a considerable number of cattel and men In the borders of this Fenny tract where the land rises lies Gold-cliff Gââd-câiff so call'd saith Giraldus because the stones appear when the Sun shines of a bright gold colour Nor can I be easily perswaded saith he that nature hath bestow'd this colour on the stones in vain or that this is merely a flower without fruit should some skilful Artist search the veins and bowels of this rock In this place there remain some ruins of an old Priory founded by one of the family of Chandois From hence we come through a Fenny Country to the mouth of the river Isca âhe river ãâã call'd by the Britains Wysk in English Usk and by others Osca This river as we have already observ'd taking its course through the midst of the County passes by three small cities of noted antiquity The first on the Northwest borders of the County call'd by Antoninus Gobannium Gâbannium is situate at the confluence of the rivers Wysk and Govenni and thence denominated It is at this day retaining its ancient appellation call'd Aber-Gavenni and by contraction Aber-Gaenni which signifies the Confluence of Gavenni or Gobannium It is fortified with walls and a castle which as Giraldus observes has been oftner stain'd with the infamy of treachery than any other castle of Wales First by William Son of Earl Miles and afterwards by William Breos both having upon publick assurance and under pretence of friendship invited thither some of the Welsh Nobility and then basely murder'd them But they escaped not God's just punishment for Breos having been depriv'd of all his effects his wife and son starv'd with hunger died himself in exile The other having his brains dash'd out with a stone while Breulas-castle was on fire suffer'd at length the due reward of his villany The first Lord of Aber-Gavenni Lords of Aber-Gavenni that I know of was one Hamelin Balun who made Brien Wallingford or Brient de L'Isle call d also Fitz-Count his Executor And he having built here an Hospital for his two sons who were Lepers left the greatest part of his Inheritance to Walter the son of Miles Earl of Hereford This Walter was succeeded by his brother Henry whom the Welsh slew and invaded his Territories which the King's Lieutenants defended though not without great hazard By Henry's sister it descended to the Breoses and from them in right of marriage by the Cantelows and Hastings to Reginald Lord Grey of Ruthin 19 Rich. 2. But William Beauchamp obtain'd it of the Lord Grey by conveyance and he again in default of Issue male entail'd it on his brother Thomas Earl of Warwick and on his heirs-male Richard son of William Beauchamp Lord of Aber-gavenni for his military valour created Earl of Worcester being slain in the wars of France left one only daughter who was married to Edward Nevil From henceforth the Nevils became eminent under the title of Barons of Aber-Gavenni But the castle was a long time detain'd from them upon occasion of the conveyance before mention'd The fourth of these dying in our memory left one only daughter Mary married to Sir Thomas Fane Claus 19 21 Hen. 6. c. between whom and Sir Edward Nevil the next heir-male to whom the castle and most of the estate had been left by Will which was also confirm'd by authority of Parliament there was a trial for the title of Baron of Aber-Gavenni before the House of Lords in the second year of King James which continued seven days But in regard the question of right could not be fully adjusted and that each of them seem'd to all in respect of descent very worthy of the title and that moreover it was evident that both the title of Baron of Aber-Gavenni and that of Le Despenser belong'd hereditarily to this family the Peers requested of his Majesty that both might be honour'd with the title of Baron to which he agreed It was then proposed to the Peers by the L. Chancellor first Whether the heirs-male or female should enjoy the
IMP. M AURELIO ANTONINO AVC SEVER LVCII FILIO LEC. IIV VG P sic Together with these two fragments Centurio c This was lately in the School-wall at Kaêr Lheion but is now rased out â 7. VECILIANA d This is in the Garden-wall at Moin's Court but the first line VIII and this character 7. are not visible See Reines Syntag. Inscr pag. 977. VIII 7. VALER MAXSIMI f Here also about the time of the Saxon Conquest was an Academy of 200 Philosophers who being skill'd in Astronomy and other Sciences observ'd accurately the courses of the Stars as we are informed by Alexander Elsebiensis a very scarce Author out of whom much has been transcrib'd for my use by the learned Thomas James Tho. James of Oxford who may deservedly be stiled ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã as one that is wholly intent upon Books and Learning and is at present God prosper his endeavours out of a desire of promoting the publick good busily employ'd in searching the Libraries of England on a design that is like to be of singular use to the Commonwealth of Learning In the time of K. Henry 2. when Giraldus writ this City seems to have been a place of considerable strength For we find that Yrwith of Kaer Lheion a courageous Britain defended it a long time against the English forces till at last being over-power'd by the King he was dispossest of it But now a fair instance that Cities as well as Men have their vicissitude and fortune that is become an inconsiderable small town which once was of so great extent on each side the river that they affirm St. Gilian's the house of the honourable Sir William Herbert a person no less eminent for wit and judgment than noble extraction to have been in the city and in that place the Church of Julius the Martyr is said to have stood which is now about a mile out of the town From the ruins also of this City Newport Newport had its beginning seated a little lower at the fall of the river Usk. By Giraldus 't is call'd Novus Burgus It is a town of later foundation and of considerable note for a Castle and a convenient harbour where there was formerly some Military-way mention'd by Necham in these verses Intrat auget aquas Sabrini fluminis Osca Praeceps testis erit Julia Strata mihi Increas'd with Usk does Severn rise As Julia Strata testifies That this Julia Strata was a way we have no reason to question and if we may be free to conjecture it seems not absurd to suppose it took its name from Julius Frontinus who conquer'd the Silures Not far from this Newburgh saith Giraldus there glides a small stream call'd Nant Pènkarn passable but at some certain fords not so much for the depth of its water as the hollowness of the chanel and deepness of the mud It had formerly a ford call'd RhÅ·d Penkarn now of a long time discontinued Henry 2. King of England having by chance pass'd this ford the Welsh who rely too much upon old prophecies were presently discouraged because their Oracle Merlinus Sylvester had foretold that whenever a strong Prince with a freckled face such as King Henry was should pass that Ford the British Forces should be vanquish'd During the Saxon Heptarchy this County was subject to the Mountain-Welsh call'd by them Dun-settan Dun set who were yet under the government of the West-Saxons as appears by the ancient Laws At the first coming in of the Normans the Lords Marchers grievously plagued and annoy'd them especially the above-mention'd Hamelin Balun Hugh Lacy Walter and Gilbert de Clare 1 Miles of Glocester Robert Chandos Pain Fitz-John Richard Fitz-Punt and c. and Brien of Wallingford To whom the Kings having granted all they could acquire in these parts some of them reduced by degrees the upper part of this County which they call'd Over-Went and others the low lands call'd Nether-Went Parishes in this County 127. ADDITIONS to MONMOVTHSHIRE a MYnydh Kader mention'd by our Author is the name of many Mountains in Wales thus denominated as Kader Arthur Kader Verwin Kader Idris Kader Dhinmael Kader yr Ychen c. which the learned Dr. Davies supposes to have been so call'd not from their resemblance to a Kà dair or Chair but because they have been either fortified places or were look'd upon as naturally impregnable by such as first impos'd those names on them For the British Kader as well as the Irish word Kathair signifying anciently a Fort or Bulwark whence probably the modern word Kaer of the same signification might be corrupted b Lhan Lhan properly signifies a Yard or some small Inclosure as may be observ'd in compound words For we find a Vineyard call'd Gwin-lhan an Orchard Per-lhan a Hay-yard Yd-lhan a Church-yard Korph-lhan a Sheep-fold Kor-lhan c. However as Giraldus observes it denotes separately a Church or Chapel and is of common use in that sense throughout all Wales probably because such Yards or Inclosures might be places of Worship in the time of Heathenism or upon the first planting of Christianity when Churches were scarce c That this Jeffrey of Monmouth as well as most other Writers of the Monkish times abounds with Fables is not deny'd by such as contend for some authority to that History but that those Fables were of his own Invention seems too severe a censure of our Author's and scarce a just accusation since we find most or all of them in that British History he translated whereof an ancient copy may be seen in the Library of Jesus-College at Oxford which concludes to this effect Walter Arch-Deacon of Oxford composed this Book in Latin out of British Records which he afterwards thus render'd into modern British We find also many of the same Fables in Ninnius who writ his Eulogium Britanniae about three hundred years before this Galfridus Arturius compos'd the British History As to the regard due to that History in general the judicious Reader may consult Dr. Powel's Epistle De Britannica Historia rectè intelligenda and Dr. Davies's Preface to his British Lexicon and ballance them with the arguments and authority of those that wholly reject them Near Monmouth stands a noble House built by his Grace Henry Duke of Beaufort call'd Troy the residence of his eldest son Charles Marquiss of Worcester who is owner of it and of the Castle and Manour of Monmouth settled upon him with other large possessions in this County by the Duke his father e The English names of Went-set Wentseâ c. and Wents land have their origin from the British word Gwent whereby almost all this Country and part of Glocestershire and Herefordshire were call'd till Wales was divided into Counties But it seems questionable whether that name Gwent be owing to the City Venta or whether the Romans might not call this City Venta Silurum as well as that of the Iceni and that other of the Belgae
aloft that it seems I shall not say to threaten the sky but even to thrust its head into it And yet it harbours snow continually being throughout the year cover'd with it or rather with a harden'd crust â Nivium senio of snow of many years continuance And hence the British name of Kreigieu Eryreu and that of Snowdon Snowdon Hills in English both which signifie Snowy mountains so Niphates in Armenia and Imaus in Scythia as Pliny informs us were denominated from Snow Nevertheless these mountains are so fertile in grass that it 's a common saying among the Welsh That the mountains of Eryreu would in a case of necessity afford pasture enough for all the cattel in Wales I shall say nothing of the two lakes on the tops of these mountains in one of which there floats a wandring island and the other affords plenty of fish each whereof has but one eye lest I might seem to countenance fables tho' some relying on Giraldus's authority have believ'd both However that there are lakes and standing waters on the tops of these mountains is certain whence Gervase of Tilbury in his book entitl'd Otia Imperialia writes thus In the land of Wales within the bounds of Great Britain are high mountains which have laid their foundations on exceeding hard rocks on the tops whereof the ground is so boggy that where you do but just place your foot you 'll perceive it to move for a stones cast Wherefore upon a surprisal of the enemy the Welsh by their agility skipping over that boggy ground do either escape their assaults or resolutely expect them while they advance forward to their own ruin Joannes Sarisburiensis in his Polycraticon calls the inhabitants of these mountains by a new-coin'd word Nivi collinos of whom he wrote thus in the time of Henry 2. Nivicollini Britones irruunt c. The Snowdon-Britains make inroads and being now come out of their caverns and woods they seize the plains of our Nobles and before their faces assault and overthrow them or retain what they have got because our youth who delight in the house and shade as if they were born only to consume the fruit of the land sleep commonly till broad day c. a But let us now descend from the mountains to the plains which seeing we find only by the sea it may suffice if we coast along the shore That promontory we have observ'd already to be extended to the south-west is call'd in the several copies of Ptolemy Canganum Cangaâââ Janganum and Langanum Which is truest I know not but it may seem to be Langanum seeing the inhabitants at this day call it LhÅ·n Lhyn It runs in with a narrow Peninsula having larger plains than the rest of this County which yield plenty of Barley It affords but two small towns worth our notice the innermost at the bay of Pwlh heli Pwlh ãâã which name signifies the Salt Pool and the other by the Irish sea which washes one part of this Peninsula call'd Nevin Nevin where in the year 1284 the English Nobility as Florilegus writes triumphing over the Welsh celebrated the memory of Arthur the Great with Tournaments and festival pomp If any more towns flourish'd here they were then destroyed Vita Gâfydâânaââ when Hugh Earl of Chester Robert of Rutland and Guarin of Salop the first Normans that advanc'd thus far so wasted this promontory that for seven years it lay desolate From Nevin the shore indented with two or three promontories is continued northwards and then turning to the north-east passes by a narrow frith or chanel call'd Meneu âneu or ânat See âirebeâ which separates the Isle of Anglesey from the firm land Upon this Fretum stood the city Segontium ââgoâtium mention'd by Antoninus of the walls whereof I have seen some ruins near a small Church built in honour of St. Publicius ãâ¦ã It took its name from a river that runs by it call'd to this day Seiont which issues out of the lake LhÅ·n Peris wherein they take a peculiar fish not seen elsewhere call'd by the inhabitants from its red belly Torgoch âââgoch Now seeing an ancient copy of Ptolemy places the haven of the Setantii ântii in this coast which other copies remov'd much farther off if I should read it Segontiorum Portum and should say it was at the mouth of this river perhaps I should come near the truth at least a candid reader would pardon my conjecture Ninnius calls this city Kaer Kystenydh and the author of the life of Grufydh ap Kynan tells us that Hugh Earl of Chester built a castle at Hén Gaer Kystenin which the Latin Interpreter renders The ancient city of the Emperour Constantine Moreover Matthew of Westminster hath recorded but herein I 'll not avouch for him that the body of Constantius the father of Constantine the Great was found here in the year 1283. and honourably interr'd in the Church of the new town by command of King Edward 1. who at that time built the town of Kaer'n Arvon out of the ruins of this city ânarâ a little higher by the mouth of the river in such a situation that the sea washes it on the west and north This as it took its name from its situation opposite to the island Mona so did it communicate that name to the whole County for thence the English call it Caernarvonshire This town is encompass'd with a firm wall tho' of a small circumference almost of a circular form and shews a beautiful castle which takes up all the west-side of it The private buildings for the manner of the Country are neat and the civility of the inhabitants much commended They esteem it a great honour that King Edward 1. was their founder and that his son Edward 2. the first Prince of Wales of English extraction was born there who was therefore stiled Edward of Caernarvon Moreover the Princes of Wales had here their Chancery their Exchequer and their Justiciary for North Wales In a bottom seven miles hence on the same Fretum lies Bangor âgor or Banchor enclosed on the south-side with a very steep mountain and a hill on the north so call'd à choro pulchro or as others suppose quasi locus chori âee â ãâã âsh D. ãâã in word ãâã âeâ ââi Penââ or ãâã Ceâ which is a Bishop's See and contains in it's Diocese 96 Parishes The Cathedral is consecrated to Daniel once Bishop thereof it 's no very fair building having been burnt by that most profligate Rebel Owen Glyn Dowrdwy who design'd no less than the destruction of all the Cities of Wales 'T was afterwards restored in the time of Henry 7. by the Bishop thereof Henry Deny but hath not yet recover'd it's ancient splendour 'T is now only a small town but was heretofore so considerable âa Gââf that for it 's large extent it was call'd Bangor-vawr and
was fortified with a castle by Hugh Earl of Chester whereof tho' I made diligent enquiry I could not discover the least ruins 'T was seated at the very entrance of this Fretum or chanel where Edward 1. attempted in vain to build a bridge that his Army might pass over into the Island Mona or Anglesey whereof next in order At this place also as we find in Tacitus Paulinus Suetonius pass d over with the Roman soldiers the horse at a ford and the foot in flat-bottom'd boats From hence the shore with a steep ascent passes by a very high and perpendicular rock call'd Pen maen mawr Penmaenmawr which hanging over the sea affords travellers but a very narrow passage where the rocks on one hand seem ready to fall on their heads and on the other the roaring sea of a vast depth But having pass'd this together with Pen maen bychan i.e. the lesser rocky promontory a plain extends it self as far as the river Conwy Conwy river call'd Toisovius the eastern limit of this County This river is call d in Ptolemy Toisovius for Conovius which is only an errour crept in o copies from a compendious way of writing Greek It springs out of a lake of the same name in the southern limit of the County and hastens to the sea being confin'd within a very narrow and rocky chanel almost to the very mouth of it This river breeds a kind of Shells which being impregnated with celestial dew produce pearl Pearls b The town of Conovium Conovium mention'd by Antoninus receiv'd it's name from this river which tho' it be now quite destroy'd and the very name in the place where it stood extinct yet the antiquity of it is preserved in the present name for in the ruins of it we find a small village call'd Kaer hên which signifies the old city c Out of the ruins of this city King Edw. 1. built the new Town at the mouth of the river which is therefore call'd Aber Conwy a place that Hugh Earl of Chester had fortified before This new Conwy both in regard of its advantageous situation and for its being so well fortified as also for a very neat castle by the river side might deserve the name of a small city rather than a town but that it is but thinly inhabited d Opposite to Conwy on this side the river though in the same County we have a vast promontory with a crooked elbow as if nature had design'd there a harbour for shipping call'd Gogarth Gogarth where stood the ancient city of Diganwy Diganwy on the sea of Conwy which many ages since was consumed by lightning This I suppose to have been the city Dictum Dictum where under the later Emperours the commander of the Nervii Dictenses kept guard As for it's being afterwards call'd Diganwy who sees not that Ganwy is a variation only of Conwy and that from thence also came the English Ganoc Ganoc for so was that castle call d which in later times was built by Henry 3. e Soon after the Norman Conquest this Country was govern'd by Grufydh ap KÅ·nan * Conanus who not being able to repel the English troops which made frequent inroads into Wales was constrain'd sometimes to yield to the storm and when afterwards by his integrity he had gain'd the favour of King Henry 1. he also easily recover'd his lands from the English and left them to his posterity who enjoy'd them till the time of Lhewelyn ap Grufydh â An account of the life and death of this excellent Prince may be seen at large in Dr. Powel's History of Wales p g. 314 c. But he having provok'd his brothers with injuries and the neighbouring English with incursions was at length brought to that strait that he held this mountainous Country together with the isle of Mona or Anglesey of King Edward 1. as Tenant in fee paying a thousand marks yearly Which conditions when he afterwards would not stand to but following rather his own and his perfidious brother's obstinacy than led on with any hopes of prevailing would again run the hazard of war he was kill'd and so put an end to his own Government and that of the Britains in Wales This County contains 68 Parishes ADDITIONS to CAERNARVONSHIRE a THE British name of these Mountains Kreigieu'r Eryreu signifies Eagle Rocks which are generally understood by the Inhabitants to be so call'd from the Eagles that formerly bred here too plentifully and do yet haunt these Rocks some years tho' not above three or four at a time and that commonly one Summer in five or six coming hither as is supposed out of Ireland Had they been denominated from Snow the name must have been Kreigieu'r Eiral whereas we always call them Eryreu Nor do the ancientest Authors that mention them favour Mr. Camden's Etymology for Giraldus Cambrensis writes it Eryri which differs nothing in pronunciation and Ninnius who writ Anno 858. Heriri However seeing the English call it Snowdon the former derivation was not without good grounds and 't is possible the word yrau might be either the ancient pronunciation or a corruption of eira and so these Rocks call'd Kreigiau yr Yrau which might afterwards be written Kreigieu Eryreu Amongst these Mountains the most noted are Moel y Wydhva y Glyder Karnedh Dhavidh and Karnedh Lhewelyn which are very properly call'd by our Author the British Alps. For besides their extraordinary height and craggy precipices their abounding with Lakes and Rivers and being covered with Snow for a considerable part of the year they agree also with the Alps in producing several of the same * âee Ray's Synophs of British Plants Plants and some Animals as particularly Merula Saxatilis Aldrovandi call'd here and in Meirionydhshire Mwyalchen y Graig i.e. Rock-ouzl and in Switzerland Berg-Amzel or Mountain Black-bird and the Torgoch a Fish â Umblâ minor Gâsneri p. 1201. which Mr â Willough Ichthyol Ray supposes to be the same with the * The word Roetel signâfies the same with Torgoch Roetel of the Alpine Lakes In these Mountains as probably in the Alps also and other places of this kind the greatest variety of rare Plants are found in the highest and steepest Rocks The places here that afford best entertainment for Botanists are Klogwyn Karnedh y Wydhva call'd commonly Klogwyn y Garnedh which is probably the highest Rock in the three Kingdoms Krîby â Call'd so corruptly perhaps for Krâby Dâstith for water drops down this precipice continually Diskil Trig-vylchau â i e. Treigi-Vyâchen and y Klogwyn dû ymhèn y Glyder which are all near Lhan Berys and well known to the Shepherds Such as have not seen Mountains of this kind are not able to frame an Idea of them from the hills of more champain or lower Countries For whereas such hills are but single heights or stories these are heap'd upon one another
years On the West it descends to the Maritim part of the Vale of Cluid and takes up the upper end of that Vale. In the Confines of this County and Denbighshire where the Mountains with a gentle declivity seem to retire and afford an easier pass into the Vale the Romans built at the very entrance a small City call'd Varis Varis a which Antoninus places 19 miles from Conovium This without the least diminution of its name is call'd at this day Bod Vari * Vulgo Bod Farri which signifies the Mansion of Varus and shews the ruins of a City on a small hill adjoyning call'd Moel y Gaer i.e. the City-hill What the name signifies is not evident I have formerly suppos'd that Varia in the old British signified a Pass and accordingly have interpreted Durnovaria and Isannaevaria The Passage of the water and of Isanna Nor does the situation of this Town contradict my conjecture it being seated at the only convenient Pass through these Mountains Not three miles hence lyes Kaer-wysk Caer-wisk which name tho' it savour much of Antiquity yet I observ'd nothing there either ancient or worth notice Below this Varis the river Cluid runs through the Vale and is immediately joyn'd by Elwy at the confluence whereof there 's a Bishop's See call'd in British from the name of the river Lhan Elwy in English from the Patron St. Asaph S. Asaph and in Historians Episcopatus Asaphensis Neither the Town is memorable for its neatness nor the Church for its structure or elegancy yet in regard of its antiquity it is requisite we should mention it For about the year 560. Capgrave Kentigern Bishop of Glascow fleeing from Scotland instituted here an Episcopal Seat and a Monastery placing therein six hundred and sixty three Monks whereof three hundred being illiterate were appointed for tilling the Land the same number for other employments within the Monastery and the rest for Divine Service and all these he so distributed into Convents that some of them attended at prayers continually Upon his return afterwards into Scotland he appointed Asaph a most upright and devout man Governour of this Monastery from whom it receiv'd its present name The Bishop of this Diocese has under his jurisdiction about 128 Parishes the Ecclesiastical Benefices whereof in case of vacancy in the See until the time of Henry the 8. were in the disposal of the Arch-bishop by the Archiepiscopal right which is now a Prerogative of the Crown For so we find it recorded in the History of Canterbury Higher up Rhudhlan Rhuâhlan so call'd from the reddish bank of the river Cluid where 't is seated shews a very fair Castle but almost decay'd with age 'T was built by Lhewelyn ap Sitsilht Prince of Wales and first wrested out of the Welshmens hands by Robert de Ruthlan Nepos â nephew of Hugh E. of Chester and fortified with new works by the said Hugh's Lieutenant Afterwards as the Abbot de Monte informs us King Henry the second having repair'd this Castle gave it to Hugh Beauchamp b Below this Castle the river Cluid is discharged into the Sea and tho' the Valley at the mouth of this river does seem lower than the Sea yet it is never overflown but by a natural tho' invisible impediment the water stands on the very brink of the shore to our just admiration of Divine Providence The shore descending gradually Eastward from this place passes first by Disart castle so call d from its steep situation or as others will have it quasi Desert and thence by Basingwerk Basingâârk which also Henry the second granted to Hugh Beauchamp Under this place I view'd Holy-well Holy-wel a small Town where there 's a Well much celebrated for the memory of Winfrid S. Winfââd a Christian Virgin ravish'd here and beheaded by a Tyrant as also for the moss it yields of a very sweet scent Out of this Well a small Brook flows or rather breaks forth through the stones on which are seen I know not what kind of blood red spots and runs with such a violent course that immediately it 's able to turn a mill Upon this very Fountain there 's a Chapel which with neat workmanship was hewn out of the live-Rock and a small Church adjoyning thereunto in a window whereof is painted the History and Execution of St. Winifrid 1 How her head was cut off and set on again by S. Benno Giraldus 2 Who yet knew not this well writes that in his time there was not far from hence a rich vein of silver where says he in search of that metal Itum est in viscera terrae c That part of this Country because it affords the most pleasant prospect and was long since reduced by the English was call'd by the Britains Têg-Eingl which signifies Fair England But whereas a certain Author has call'd it Tegenia and supposes the Igeni dwelt there let the reader be cautious how he assents to it For that worthy Author was deceiv'd by a corrupt name of the Iceni From the shore at this place we see Flint-castle Flint which gave name to this County begun by King Henry 2. and finish'd by Edward 1. 3 Where King Richard 2. circumvented by them who should have been most trusty was cunningly induced to renounce the crown as unable for certain defects to rule and was delivered into the hands of Henry of Lancaster Duke of Hereford who soon after claimed the Kingdom and Crown being then void by his cession as his inheritance descended from King Henry 3. and to this his devised claim the Parliament assented and he was established in the Kingdom Beyond that on the eastern limit of the County next Cheshire lies Hawarden-castle near the shore call'd commonly Harden Hardeâ * Bâiâ Peânardhalawg Vaughââ out of which when Davidh brother of Prince Lhewelyn had led captive Roger Clifford Justiciary of Wales he brought a most dismal war on himself and his countrymen whereby their Dominion in Wales was wholly overthrown This castle which was held by Senescalship of the Earls of Chester was the seat of the Barons of Mount-hault Barons of Monthauââ who became a very illustrious family and bore azure a Lion rampant argent and also encreas'd their honour by marriage with Cecilia one of the daughters of Hugh D'Albany Earl of Arundel But the issue-male being at last extinct Robert the last Baron of this family as we have mention'd already made it over to Queen Isabella wife of King Edw. 2. but the possession of the castle was afterwards transferr'd to the Stanleys who are now Earls of Derby Below these places the south part of this Country is water'd by the little river Alen near which on a mountain at a village call'd Kilken there 's a spring which like the sea ebbs and flows at set times d On this river Alen lies Hope castle Hope-castââ call'd in
excellent Library which Alcuin tells us was founded by his Master Archbishop Egelred The Monastery did not lye long till it rose again but the Cathedral lay neglected till Edw. 1.'s time and then it was begun by John Roman Treasurer of this Church and brought to that stately pitch we now see it of by his son John William Melton and John Thoresby all Archbishops nn together with the contributions of the Gentry thereabouts especially of the Percies and the Vavasors as the Arms of those families in the Church and their portraictures in the gate do shew The Percies are cut out with a piece of timber and the Vavasors with a stone in their hands in memory of the one's having contributed stone and the other timber âââent p. p. ãâã 1. to this new fabrick The church as we are told by the Author of the Life of Aeneas Silvius or Pope Pius 2. as he had it from his own mouth is famous for its magnificence and workmanship all the world over and for a lightsome Chapel with shining walls and small thin-wasted pillars quite round This is the beautiful Chapter-house where the following verse is writ in golden Letters Ut Rosa flos florum sic est Domus ista Domorum The chief of Houses as the Rose of flowers About the same time the Citizens began to fortifie themselves with new walls adding many towers for a farther security and made excellent laws for their government King Rich. 2. made it a County incorporate and Rich. 3. began to raise a new Castle in it from the ground That nothing might be wanting in the last age K. Hen. 8. established a Council or Senate here not unlike the Parliaments in France The Council established in the North. who were to judge of all suits arising within these northern parts and to decide them by the rules of right and equity This Court consists of a President and what number of Counsellors the King pleases with a Secretary and under-Officers Our Mathematicians have defined the Longitude of York to be 22 deg and 25 scr the Latitude 54 degr and 10 scr Thus far we have been describing the west part of this County and the City of York which neither belongs to this nor any other part of the Shire but enjoys its own Liberties and a jurisdiction over the neighbourhood on the west-side called the liberty of Ansty Ansty which some derive from Ancienty to denote its antiquity others more plausibly from the German word Anstossen implying a bound or limit I will conclude what I have said of this City with these verses written by J. Jonston of Aberdeen not long since Praesidet extremis Artoae finibus orae Urbs vetus in veteri facta subinde nova Romanis Aquilis quondam Ducibusque superba Quam pòst barbaricae diripuere manus Pictus atrox Scotus Danus Normannus Anglus Fulmina in hanc Martis detonuere sui Post diras rerum clades totque aspera fata Blandius aspirans aura serena subit Londinum caput est regni urbs prima Britanni Eboracum à primâ jure secunda venit O'er the last borders of the Northern land York's ancient towers tho' oft made new command Of Rome's great Princes once the lofty seat Till barbarous foes o'erwhelm'd the sinking state The Picts the Scots Danes Normans Saxons here Discharg'd the loudest thunder of the War But this once ceas'd and every storm o'erblown A happier gale refresh'd the rising town Let London still the just precedence claim York ever shall be proud to be the next in fame The Ouse being past York begins to be disturb'd with eddies or that whirl of waters which we call Higra and so marches by Bishops-Thorp Bishops-Thorpe that is the Bishop's Village formerly called S. Andrew's Thorpe till Walter Grey Archbishop of York purchased it and to bilk the King's Officers who are always ready to seise the Temporalities of Bishops when a See is vacant gave it to the Dean and Chapter of York upon condition they should always yield it to his successors Of whom Richard le Scrope Arch-bishop of York a hot man and still hankering after novelty and change was in this very place condemned of high treason by King Henry the fourth for his seditious practices oo Upon the same river stands Cawood Cawood the castle of the Archbishops which King Athelstan gave to the Church as I have been told Over against it on the other side the river is seated Rical where Harold Haardread arrived with a numerous fleet of the Danes From hence the Ouse runs to Selby a pretty populous little town and remarkable for Henry the first 's being born in it Here William the first his father built a Church in memory of St. German who quash'd the Pelagian Heresie notwithstanding like a Hydra it had frequently revived and struggl'd for life here in Britain The Abbots of this and of St. Maries at York were the only Abbots of these northern parts that could sit in Parliament pp At last the Ouse runs directly to the Humber 14 Leaving first Escricke a seat of the Lascelles sometimes to be remember'd for that K. James advanced Sir Thomas Knivet the owner therâof Lord Knivet to the honour of Baron Knivet of Escricke in the year 1607. passing in it's way by Drax Dâax a little village formerly famous for a Monastery 15 Founded there by Sir William Painell where Philip de Tollevilla William Newbrigensis is my Author had a castle strongly situated in the midst of rivers woods and marshes and defended it against K. Stephen relying on the courage of his men and the great store of arms and provisions in the place however it was soon reduced into the King's power qq ADDITIONS to the West-riding of YORKSHIRE YORKSHIRE without any angular advantages extends into a square of fourscore and ten miles * ãâ¦ã p. â74 adequate in all its dimensions to the Dukedom of Wârtenberg in Germany a Following the river Don we first come to Wortley Wortlây the Issue-male of the family of which name expir'd in Sir Francis Wortley â Sid. Reports 315. who devis'd the greatest part of his estate to Anne Newcomen supposed to be his natural daughter the present wife of the Honourable Sidney Wortley Esq â Dugd. Bar. 2 Vol. p. 445 second son of Edward Mountague Earl of Sandwich slain in the Dutch wars 28 May 1672. who in right of his said wife is Lord of Wortley b Not far from hence is Wentworth Wântworth Of the family of that name and place was the Right Honourable Thomas Viscount Wentworth Lord Lieutenant of Ireland created Earl of Strafford 15 Car. 1. and Knight of the most noble order of the Garter who being beheaded on Tower-hill 12 May 1641. lyeth here interr'd and was succeeded in his Honours by his son William the present E. of Strafford and Knight of the said noble Order c The Don carries us next to
increase is owing partly to Michael de la Pole who upon his advancement to the Earldom of Suffolk by King Richard the second procur'd them their privileges and partly to their trade of Iseland-fish dây'd and harden'd term'd by them Stock-fish Stockfish which turns to great gain and has strangely enrich'd the Town Immediately upon this rise they fortify'd the place with a brick wall and many towers on that side where they are not defended by the river and brought in such a quantity of stones for ballast Coblestones as was sufficient to pave all parts of the Town As I have been inform'd by the Citizens they were first govern'd by a Warden then by Bailiffs after that by a Mayor and Bailiffs and at last they obtain'd from Henry the sixth that they should be govern'd by a Mayor and Sheriff and that the City should be a County incorporate of it self as the Lawyers term it Concerning the first Mayor of this City it may not be tedious to relate this passage from the Register of the Abbey de Melsa or de Meaux tho' the stile be barbarous William de la Pole De la Pole Kt. was first a Merchant at Ravens-rod skilful in the arts of trade and inferiour to no English Merchant whatsoever He afterwards living at Kingston upon Hull was the first Mayor of that Town and founded the Monastery of St. Michael which now belongs to the Carthusian Monks near the said Kingston His eldest son 4 Sir Michael Michael de la Pole Earl of Suffolk caused the said Monastery to be inhabited by that Order William de la Pole aforesaid lent King Edward many thousand pounds of gold during his abode at Antwerp in Brabant For this reason the King made him chief Baron of his Exchequer gave him by Deed the Seigniory of Holderness with many other Lands then belonging to the Crown and made him a Baneret If any one questions the truth of this C 5 E R 3. m 28. the Records of the Tower will I hope fully satisfie him there it is expresly William de la Pole dilectus valectus mercator noster Now Valectus Valectus or Valettus J. Tilius that I may observe it once for all was then an honourable title both in France and England but afterwards coming to be meanly apply'd to servants so that the Nobility disliked it the title was changed and he was call d Gentleman of the Bed chamber h From Hull a large promontory shoots out into the Sea call'd by Ptolemy Ocellum Ocellum by us at this day Holderness Holderness A certain Monk has call'd it Cava Deira that is to say the hollow Country of the Deiri in the same sence that Coelosyria is so call'd signifying hollow Syria i The first place a man comes at on this winding shore is Headon Headon which formerly if we 'll believe Fame that always magnifies Truth was a very considerable place by reason of merchants and shipping k For my part I have faith enough to believe it notwithstanding 't is now so diminish'd partly by reason of its being too near Hull and partly because the Haven is block'd up and useless that it has not the least shew of that grandeur it pretends to have had Which may teach us that the condition of Towns and Cities is every jot as unstable as the state and happiness of men King John granted to Baldwin Earl of Albemarle and Holderness and to his wife Hawis free Burgage here so that the Burgesses might hold in free burgage by the same customs with York and * Nâââ Lincoln Nichol. At present the Town begins to flourish again and has some hopes of attaining to its former greatness Somewhat farther in the same Promontory there stands an ancient Town call'd Praetorium Praeâââââ by Antoninus but we now name it Patrington Patâââgâ as the Italians do Petrovina from the Town Praetorium That I am not mistaken here the distance from Delgovitia and the name still remaining do both shew which also does in some sort imply that this is the Petuaria which goes corruptly in Copies of Ptolemy for Praetorium But whether it took the name from the Praetorium which was their Court of Justice or from some large and stately edifice for such also the Romans call'd Praetoria does not appear l The Inhabitants do still boast of their antiquity and the former excellence of their Haven nor do they less glory in the pleasantness of the place having a very fine prospect on this side as it looks toward the Ocean and on that as it surveys the Humber and the shores about it together with the green skirts of Lincolnshire The Roman way from the Picts wall which Antoninus the Emperour first trac'd out ends here So Ulpian tells us that High-ways of that nature end at the Sea at a River or at a City Somewhat lower stands Winsted Wânââd the Seat of the Hildeards Knights and a little higher Rosse is seated which gives name as it did heretofore a seat to that famous race of Barons de Rosse Baron ãâã Rosse and upon the sea Grimston-garth where the Grimstons long flourish'd From hence at no great distance stands Rise formerly the House of those Noblemen call'd de Faulconberge In the very tongue of this Promontory where it draws most towards a point and takes the name of Spurnhead Ratâââ and Rââburg stands the little village Kellnsey which shews plainly that this is the Ocellum in Ptolemy for as Kellnsey Keâââey comes from Ocellum so without doubt this Ocellum is deriv'd from Y-kill which signifies in British a Promontory or a narrow slip of ground as I have already said m From Ocellum the shore gradually withdraws and with a small bending runs northward by Overthorne and Witherensey little Churches call'd from the sisters that built them Sisters-kirks Sisters-kirks and not much wide of Constable-Burton Conââââ so nam'd from the Lords of it who by marriages are ally'd to very honourable families and flourish in great splendour at this day Robert of this House as we find it in Meaux-Abbey-book was one of the Knights of the Earl of Albemarle who being old and full of days took upon him the Cross and went with King Richard to the Holy Land Then by Skipsey which Drugo the first Lord of Holderness fortify'd with a Castle Here the shore begins to shoot again into the Sea and makes that Bay call'd in Ptolemy ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã Gabrantovicorum which some Latin Translators render Portuosus sinus others Salutaris Sinus Sââtaris Neither of them express the sence of the Greek word better than that little town in the turn of it call'd Suerby Sueâây For that which is safe and free from danger is by the Britains and Gauls call'd Seur as we also do in English who probably derive it from the Britains There 's no reason therefore why we should
were drowns the lesser and the King of England and Duke of Normandy at that time was the self same person But where am I thus roving After Arthur there succeeded in the Earldom of Richmond Guy Vicount of Thovars second husband of Constantia aforesaid Ranulph the third Earl of Chester third husband to the said Constantia Peter de Dreux descended from the Blood-royal of France who married Alice the only daughter of Constantia by her husband Guy Thovars 7 Then upon dislike of the house of Britain Peter of Savoy c. Peter of Savoy Uncle of Eleanor Consort to King Henry the third who fearing the Nobility and Commons of England that grumbled at that time against foreigners voluntarily renounced this honour John Earl of Britain son of Peter de Dreux John the first Duke of Britain and his son who married Beatrice daughter to Henry the third King of England He had issue Arthur Duke of Britain who according to some Writers was also Earl of Richmond For certain Robert de Arthâis wâ not Earl oâ Richmââd as Frââsardus has â but of ââlomorâ Lib. Feâd Richmââdiae John his younger brother presently after the death of his father enjoy'd this honour who added to the ancient Arms of Dreux with the Canton of Britain the Lions of England in bordure He was â Custoâ Governour of Scotland under Edward the second where he was kept prisoner three years and at last dy'd without children in the reign of Edward the third and John Duke of Britain his Nephew the son of Arthur succeeded in this Earldom He dying without issue at a time when this Dutchy of Britain was hotly * Between John de Montâfoââ and Jâ Clauâ wife of Charles of Blâis contended for 8 Between John Earl of Monfort of the half-blood and Joan his brother's daughter and heir of the whole blood married to Charles of Blâys Edward the 3d to advance his interest in France gave to John Earl of Montford who had sworn fealty to him for the Dutchy of Britain all this Earldom till such time as he should recover his Lands in France he seeming preferable to the daughter of his brother deceas'd 9 To whom the Parliament of France had adjudg'd it both as he was a man as he was nearer ally'd and as he had a better title His lands being at length regain'd by means of the English the same King gave it to John of Gaunt his son who at last restor'd it to the King his father for other Lands in exchange The King forthwith created John Earl of Montford the second Duke of Britain sirnam'd the Valiant to whom he had married his daughter Earl of Richmond that he might oblige him by stronger ties being a warlike man and a bitter enemy to the French Yet by an Act of Parliament in the 14th of King Richard the second he was deprived of this Earldom for adhering to the French against the English However he retain'd the title and left it to his posterity The Earldom it self was given by the King to Joan of Britain his sister widow of Ralph Basset of Draiton After her death first Ralph Nevil Earl of Westmorland by the bounty of Henry the 4th had the Castle and County of Richmond for term of Life and then John Duke of Bedford Afterwards Henry the sixth conferr'd the title of Earl of Richmond upon Edmund de Hadham his brother by the mother's side with this peculiar privilege That he should take place in Parliament next the Dukes To him succeeded Henry his son afterwards King of England by the name of Henry the seventh But whilst he was in exile George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester had this County bestow'd upon them by King Edward the fourth their brother Last of all Henry natural son to Henry the eight was by his father invested Duke of Richmond Duke of Richmond but in the year of our Lord 1535. he dy'd without issue 10 As for Sir Thomas Grey who was made Baron of Richmond by King Henry the sixth he was not Lord of this Richmond but of a place in Bedfordshire call'd Rugemound and Richmount Greies There are reckon'd in this County 104 great Parishes besides Chapels of Ease ADDITIONS to the North-Riding and Richmondshire a IN the North-riding the first place our Author speaks of is Scarborough ââââboâââgh which drives a great trade with fish taken in the Sea thereabout wherewith they supply the City of York tho' thirty miles distant Besides Herings which he takes notice of they have Ling Cod-fish Haddock Hake Whiting Makrel with several other sorts in great plenty On the North-east it is fortified with a high and inaccessible rock stretcht out a good way into the Sea and containing at the top about eighteen or twenty acres of good Meadow and not near sixty as Mr. Camden has told us out of Newbrigensis Whether the difference lye in the several measures of Acres or the greater part of it be washt away by the Sea or lastly may have been caus'd through an error of that Historian I shall not dispute since the matter of fact is plain Wittie's âââription âcarboâââgh â The Spaw-well is a quick Spring about a quarter of a mile South from the Town at the foot of an exceeding high cliff arising upright out of the Earth like a boyling pot near the level of the Spring-tides with which it is often overflown It is of that sort of Springs which Aristotle calls ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã which in the most droughty years are never dry In an hour it affords above 24. gallons of water for the stones through which it flows contain more than 12 gallons and being empty'd every morning will be full within half an hour It 's virtue proceeds from a participation of Vitriol Iron Alum Nitre and Salt to the sight it is very transparent inclining somewhat to a sky-colour it hath a pleasant acid taste from the Vitriol and an inky smell The right honourable Richard Lumley has from this place his title of Earl of Scarborough b Upon the same coast is Whitby ââitby not call'd in Saxon Streanes-Heale as our Author has it but Streones HalH as it is in the Saxon Paraphrase of Bede and also the best Latin Copies And therefore Mr. Junius in his Gothick Glossary under the word Alh seems to have hit the true original when he fetches it from the Saxon hael hal or healh call'd by Caedmon alh which as our Northern word Hall still in use signifies any eminent building Hence the Pagan God Woden's Valhol or Valhaul so frequently mention'd in the Edda and other old Cimbrian Writers and Crantzius fetches the name of the City of Upsal from the same original c As for the Serpent-stones âââpent-ââââes Mr. Nicholson who has made large observations upon the Natural Rarities of those parts affirms them to be the same with those the Modern Naturalists call Cornua Ammonis Whether
was a burial-place to them Bordering upon this stands Rabye Rabye-castle which King Cnute or Canutus the Dane gave to the Church of Durham with the Land about it and Stanthorpe to have and to hold freely for ever From which time as my Author has it the family of the Nevils The Family of the Nevills or de Nova villa have held Rabye of the Church by a rent of 4 l. and a Stagg yearly For this Family is descended from Waltheof Earl of Northumberland of whose Posterity Robert the Son of Malredus Lord of Rabye having marry'd the daughter of Galfred Nevill the Norman whose grandfather Gilbert Nevill is said to have been Admiral to King William the first their Posterity then took the name of Nevill and grew up to a considerable and very numerous family they built here a Castle of no small compass which was their principal and chief Seat b Ever since King James the first 's time Raby-Castle has belong'd to the Family of the Vanes and is now the Seat of Christopher Vane ãâ¦ã These two places Stainthorpe and Rabye are only sunder d by a little river which after some few miles falls into the Tees near Selaby Selaby where the Seat of the family of the Brakenburys now is eminent for their antiquity and marriages with the heirs of Denton and Witcliff d The Tees flowing from hence by Sockburne the house of that ancient and noble family the Cogniers from whom are descended the Barons Coigniers Barons Cogniers of Hornby whose estate being much enlarg d by marriages with the heirs of Darcy of Menill and of William Nevill Earl of Kent and Lord Fauconberg went in the last age to the Atherstons and the Darcys runs near Derlington Derlington a throng market-town which Seir a Saxon the son of Ulphus with King Etheldred's leave gave to the Church of Durham and Hugh de Puteaco or Pudsey adorn'd it with a Church and other Buildings e In a field belonging to this place there are three Wells of great depth commonly call'd Hell-kettles Hell-kettles or the Kettles of Hell because the water by an Antiperistasis or reverberation of the cold Air is hot in them Men of better sence and discretion think them to have been sunk by an Earth-quake and indeed not improbably For we find in the Chronicle of Tinmouth That in the year of our Lord 1179. upon Christmas-day at Oxenhall in the out fields of Darlington in the Bishoprick of Durham the Earth rais'd it self up to a great height in manner of a lofty tower and remain'd all that day till the evening as it were fixed and unmoveable in that posture but then it sunk down again with such a horrid noise that it terrified all the neighbours and the Earth suck'd it in and made there a deep pit which continues as a testimony to this day That there are subterraneous passages in these pits and a way out of them was first discover'd by Cuthbert Tunstall the Bishop c 'T is said this story of the Goose is all Romance at least nothing is now to be heard of it thereabouts who found a Goose in the Tees which he had mark'd and put into the greater of them for an experiment f From Derlington the Tees has no eminent Towns upon it Those Gentlemen call'd Sur-Teis i e. upon the Tees formerly flourish'd upon it so winding on by green fields and country villages it falls at last from a large mouth into the Ocean where begins the basis of this triangle towards the Sea-coast The shore runs hence northward being interrupted only with one or two brooks near Gretham Gretham where Robert Bishop of Durham built a good Hospital the manour of this being bestow'd upon him by the Lord of it Peter de Montfort Next it stands Claxton that gives name to a famous family in these parts which I the rather take notice of because T. Claxton a great admirer of venerable antiquity was a branch of it From hence the shore starts out in a little promontory only at one place scarce seven miles above the mouth of the river Tees upon which stands Hartlepole a famous market and under it a safe harbour well situated Bede seems to call it Heortu which Huntingdon renders Cervi insula and tells us that Heiu a religious woman formerly built a monastery there if Heorteu be not rather the name of that small territory as the Durham book intimates and in some places calls it Heortnesse because it shoots out pretty far into the sea From this place for fifteen miles together the shore with some towns here and there on it affords an entertaining prospect to those that sail by and continues uninterrupted till it opens a passage for the river Vedra Vedra for so it is call'd by Ptolemy but in Bede Wirus in Saxon Weorg and by us now Were Were This river rises in the very angle of the triangle namely in the utmost part of the County to the westward from two small streams Kellhop and Burn-hop which uniting into one current take this name and run swiftly to the eastward through vast heaths and large parks belonging to the Bishop and by Witton Witton a castle of the Lords d'Evers Barons Euers or de Eure. who are of ancient note and eminence in this County as being descended from the Lords of Clavering and Warkworth as also by daughters from the Vescies and the Attons Barons famous for their warlike gallantry as Scotland can plainly shew us For Kettnes a little town in the farthest parts of Scotland was bestow'd upon them by K. Edw. 1. for their great service and in the last age Henry 8. dignified them with the title of Barons After this the Were some few miles lower receives Gaunless a little river from the south where at the very confluence upon a little hill stands Aukland Aukland so nam'd as Sarron in Greece was from the caks where we see a fair-built house of the Bishops with turrets as it now stands repair'd by Anthony Bec and a very fine bridge built by Walter Skirlaw the Bishop about the year 1400 who then also enlarg'd this house and made a bridge over the Tees at Yarum g From hence the Were goes northward that it may continue the longer in this County and soon comes within sight of the reliques of an old City seated upon the top of a hill which is not in being at this day but dead and gone many years ago call'd by Antoninus Vinovium Vinovium by Ptolemy Binovium Finchester in which Author it is so misplac'd and as it were seated under another pole that I could never have discover'd it but by Antoninus's direction At present it is call'd by us Binchester and consists of about one or two houses only yet much took notice of by the neighbours thereabouts upon the account of the rubbish and the ruins of walls yet extant and also for the
And although the city be naturally strong yet he increas'd both the strength and state of it by a wall for he built one all along from the Chancel of the Church to the tower of the castle which now begins by degrees to fall under the weight of age but never that I know of bore the brunt of an enemy For when David Brus King of Scots destroy'd all with fire and sword as far as Beaupark or Berepark âepark which is a Park just under the city whilst Edward 3. â346 was at the siege of Calis in France Henry Percy and William Zouch Archbishop of York with such troops as they could raise on a sudden encounter'd the Scots and charg'd them with that heat and bravery that they almost cut off the first and second battalions to a man took the King prisoner and put the third into such consternation that they fled with all the haste they could make their fear carrying them over the deepest precipices till they got again into their own country This was a remarkable engagement and to be reckon'd among the many bloody defeats we have given the Scots call'd by us The Battel of Nevill Cross For the greatest of the Scotch Nobility being slain here and the King himself taken they were forc'd to part with much ground hereabouts and yield up many Castles into our hands And this may suffice for Durham to which with the Reader 's leave I will add a distich of Necham's and an Hexastich of Jonston's and so conclude Arte situque loci munita Dunelmia salve Qua floret sanctae relligionis apex Hail happy Durham Art and Nature's care Where Faith and Truth at th' noblest height appear Vedra ruens rapidis modò cursibus agmine leni Seque minor celebres suspicit urbe viros Quos dedit ipsa olim quorum tegit ossa sepulta Magnus ubi sacro marmore Beda cubat Se jactant aliae vel relligione vel armis Haec armis cluit haec relligione potens Unequal Were as by her walls it runs Looks up and wonders at her noble sons Whom she gave life and now their death does mourn And ever weeps o'er Beda's sacred urn Let others boast of piety or war While she 's the care of both and both of her As for the Monks being turn'd out and twelve Prebendaries with two Archdeacons substituted in lieu of them as for the Prior's also being chang'd into a Dean I have nothing to say to them These are things sufficiently known to every body 1 And unwilling I am to remember how this Bishoprick was dissolv'd by a private Statute and all the possessions thereof given to Edward 6. when private greediness edg'd by Church-men did grinde the Church and withdrew match from God wherewith Christian piety had formerly honour'd God But Queen Mary repeal'd that Statute and restor'd the said Bishoprick with all the possessions and franchises thereof that God might enjoy his own It stands in 22 degr of Longitude and in 54 degr 57 min. of Latitude Beneath Durham not to omit this there stands eastward a very noble Hospital founded by Hugh * Pudsey an extraordinary rich Bishop and for some time Earl of Northumberland for Lepers and as Newbrigensis has it with great cost and expence yet upon some accounts not very honourable For to advance this charitable design he made use of his power to extort from other men when he was not willing to allow enough of his own to that work However he settled a very good allowance for maintaining sixty five Lepers besides Mass-priests From hence the Were is carry'd in a streighter course towards the north by Finchale Fin hale where in the reign of Henry 2. Godricus a man of ancient and Christian simplicity and wholly intent upon God and Religion led and ended a solitary life and was here buried in the same place where as William of Newburrow says he was wont in a fit of devotion to prostrate himself or to lye down in a fit of sickness This man grew into such admiration for this holy simplicity of his that R. brother to that rich Bishop Hugh Pudsey built a * Ecclesiola Chapel to his memory k Hence the Were runs by Lumley Lumley a castle with a Park quite round it the ancient seat of the Lumleys Barons Lumley who are descended from Liulphus a man of great Nobility in these parts in Edward the Confessor's time who married Aldgitha the daughter of Aldred Earl of Northumberland Of these Marmaduke took his mother's Coat of Arms in whose right he came to the rich inheritance of the Thwengs The Arms were In a field argent a fess Gules between three Poppinjays Vert whereas the Lumleys before that bore for their Arms Six Poppinjays argent in a field Gules For she was the eldest daughter of Marmaduke Thweng Lord of Kilton and coheir to Thomas Thweng her brother But Ralph the son of this Marmaduke was made the first Baron of Lumley by Richard 2. Which honour John the ninth from him enjoys at this day a man of accomplish'd virtue and integrity and now in his old age most honourable for all the ornaments of true nobility Opposite to this and not far from the river on the other side stands Chester upon the street Chester upon the street that is a castle or little city by the highway call'd in Saxon Concester d From an Altar found at Benwall in Northumberland 't is probable the Condercum was there that place being nearer ad Lineam Valli See Northumberland for which reason I have thought it the Condercum Condercum where upon the line of the Vallum the first wing of the Astures kept garrison in the Roman times as the Notitia tells us For it is but some few miles distant from the Vallum of which I shall treat hereafter The Bishops of Lindifarn liv'd retiredly here for 113 years with the body of S. Cuthbert in the time of the Danish wars In memory of which whilst Egelric Bishop of Durham was laying the foundation of a new Church there he digg'd up such a prodigious sum of money 2 Bury'd as 't is thought by the Romans that he left his Bishoprick as being now rich enough and so returning to Peterborough where he was Abbot before he made Causeys through the fens and did several other works not without very great expence Long after this Anthony Bec Bishop of Durham 3 And Patriarch of Jerusalâm founded a Collegiate Church a Deanry and seven Prebends here In this Church Baron Lumley but now mention'd plac'd the monuments of his ancestors all in order as they succeeded one another from Liulphus down to our own times which he had either pick'd up out of the suppress'd Monasteries or made new More inward and in the middle as it were of the triangle stands another small village lately noted for it's College with a Dean and Prebendaries in it founded by
a THat the great opinion our Ancestors had of the Sanctity of St. Cuthbert was the occasion of their munificence to his Church our Histories informs us and ãâã is very evident from our Author But he seems to have given him more than ever was bestow'd when he tells us that King Egfrid gave him large Revenues in York For his Charter be it true or counterfeit mentions no such thing Simeon Dunelmensis indeed or rather Abbot Turgot tells us that Creac was given him by this King Ut haberet Eboracum iens vel inde rediens mansionem ubi requiescere posset But this only intimates that St. Cuthbert might have frequent occasions to travel to York probably to attend the Court which the Historian supposes to have been most commonly resident in that City b Nor can we properly say that Guthrun the Dane whom our Historians call also Guthredus Cuthredus Gormo and Gurmundus was Lieutenant to the great King Aelfred in the Kingdom of Northumberland any more than Aelfred was his Deputy in that of the West-Saxons For they two by compact divided the whole Kingdom betwixt them and joyntly enacted Laws which were to be mutually observ'd both by the English and Danes And hence some Monks have taken occasion to unite them falsly in granting Charters to Monasteries c. c What vast Privileges and Immunities this Church had by the Liberality of Princes we may learn in general from Mr. Camden but may have a more particular view by the help of some observations upon that Head extracted for me by Mr. Rudd Schoolmaster of Durham out of the posthumous Papers of Mr. Mickleton who had made large Collections in order to the Antiquities of this County It 's probable the Bishops were Counts Palatine before the Conquest it appears at least they were so in the Conquerour's time Their power was formerly very great till part of it was taken away by the Statute of Henry 8. It was a common saying that Quicquid Rex habet extra Comitatum Dunelmensem Episcopus habet intrà nisi aliqua sit concessio aut praescriptio in contrarium They had power to levy Taxes and make Truces with the Scots to raise defensible persons within the Bishoprick from 16 to 60 years of age They had power also to make Barons who as well as their vassals were bound to come to their Palace to advise them and to give them observance and obedience in their Courts And altho' the Canons forbid any Clergyman to be present when judgment of blood is given the Bishops of Durham did and may sit in Court in their Purple-robes in giving judgment of death Hence the saying Solum Dunelmense judicat stola ense They had a Mint and power to coyn money The Courts which in other places are held in the King's name were till the Statute of Henry 8. held here in the Bishop's till which time he could make Justices of Assizes of Oyer and Terminer and of the Peace and all Writs went out in his name All Recognizances entred upon his Close-Rolls in his Chancery and made to him or in his name were as valid within the County as those made to the King without He could exempt men from appearing at the Assizes and being Jurors He had a Register of Writs of as much authority as that in the King's Courts He hath yet his Court of Chancery Common-Pleas and County Court and Copyhold or Halmot Court A great part of the Land in the County is held of him as Lord Paramount in Capite All the Moors and Wastes in the County to which no other can make title belong to him which could not be enclos'd without his grant Neither could Freehold Lands be alienated without his leave they that did so were oblig'd to sue to him for his Patent of Pardon He pardon'd intrusions trespasses c. He had villains or bondmen whom he manumitted when he pleas'd The Lands Goods and Chattels of those that committed Treason are forfeited to the Bishop All forfeitures upon Outlawries or Felonies belong to him He could pardon Felonies Rapes Trespasses and other Misprisions He had the fruits of Tenures by Wardships Marriages Liveries Primier-seizins Ouster le mains c. He gave licence to build Chapels found Chantries and Hospitals made Burroughs and Incorporations Markets Fairs c. He created several Officers by Patent either quamdiu se bene gesserint quamdiu Episcopo placuerit or for life or lives viz. his Temporal Chancellor Constable of the Castle of Durham Great Chamberlain Under-Chamberlain Secretary Steward Treasurer and Comptroller of his Houshold Steward and Under-steward of the Manours or Halmot Courts Sheriff Protonotary Clerk of the Chancery Crown and Peace several Keepers of the Rolls belonging to their respective Offices Registers and Examiners in Chancery Clerk of the County Court Stewards of Burrough-Courts Escheators Feodaries Auditors and Under-Auditors Clerks of the Receipt of the Exchequer Supervisors of Lordships Castles Mines of Coal Lead and Iron Coroners Conservators of Rivers and Waters Officers of the Marshalsea or Clerks of the Market of Cities Burroughs and Towns Keepers of his Seal of Ulnage and of his Wardrobe and Harness But none of his Patents are valid any longer than the Bishop's life that gives them unless they be confirm'd by the Dean and Chapter He had several Forests Chaces Parks Woods where he had his Foresters who kept Courts in his name and determin'd matters relating to the Forests c. or the Tenants of them Parkers Rangers Pale-keepers He was Lord Admiral of the Seas and Waters within the County Palatine had his Vice-Admirals and Courts of Admiralty Judges Registers Examiners c. Officers of Beaconage Anchorage c. he awarded Commissions to regulate waters and passage of waters There have been several contests betwixt the Archbishop of York and the Bishop of Durham about Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction the one attempting to exercise his Archiepiscopal jurisdiction in this Diocese the other claiming a peculiar immunity Walter Gray Archbishop profferr'd the Archdeacon of Durham the guariandship of Stanhop-Church but he refus'd to accept it as having it before in his own or the Bishop's right Another Archbishop coming to visit the Priory when the Bishop was absent at Rome was forc'd to take Sanctuary in St. Nicholas Church as he was afterwards upon another attempt of the same nature and when he was going to excommunicate them in his Sermon was in danger of being kill'd if he had not escap'd out of the Church one of his Attendants lost an ear This distinct mention of Condati would tempt us to believe that this was the ancient Condate which Mr. Camden places in Cheshire Which opinion one may close with the more freely because nothing at least that he has told us of induc'd him to settle it at Congleton beside the affinity of names e North from hence is Heighington Heighington in Darlington-ward where Elizabeth Penyson founded a School in the 43d of Queen Elizabeth to which Edward
aa They are not both in this river but one in this and the other in the river Betham above Milchorp and has upon its Western bank a very populous town call Candale 1 Or Kândale or Kirkby-Candale i.e. a Church in the valley upon Can. It has two Streets crossing each other is very eminent for the woollen manufacture and the industry of the inhabitants who trade throughout all England with their woollen cloath Their greatest honour is ãâ¦ã that Barons and Earls have taken their titles from the place The Barons were of the family of Ivo Taleboys of whose posterity William by consent of King Henry the second call'd himself William of Lancaster His ãâ¦ã of ãâã niece and heir was marry'd to Gilbert son of Roger Fitz-Reinfrid by whose daughters upon the death of William his son the estate came to Peter Brus the second Lord of Skelton of that Christian-name and William Lindsay from whom on the mother's side Ingelram Lord of Coucy in France ãâã of ãâ¦ã deriv'd his pedigree as I understood by the History of Fourness-Abbey By the daughter of this Peter Brus sister and heiress to Peter Brus the third the Barony descended to the Rosses of Werke and from them the honour was devolv'd hereditarily upon the Parrs 2 Of whom Sir William Parr was made Lord Par by King Henry 8. whose Castle over against the town is ready to drop down with age It has had three Earls ãâã of ãâã John Duke of Bedford advanc'd to that honour by his brother King Henry the fifth John Duke of Somerset and John de Foix descended from the noble family of the Foix in France whom King Henry the sixth rais'd to that dignity for his faithful service in the French wars Upon which account possibly it is that some of this family of Foix in France have still the sirname of Kendal c I know no other piece of Antiquity that Kendal can boast of Once indeed I was of opinion that it was the old Roman station Concangii but time has inform'd me better d ãâ¦ã Lower in the river Can there are two Water-falls where the water is tumbled headlong with a hideous noise one at a little village call'd Levens another more Southward near Betham From these the neighbours draw certain prognostications of the weather for when the Northern one has a clear sound they promise themselves fair weather but when the Southern rain and mists And thus much of the Southern and more narrow part of this County bounded on the West with the river Winster and the spacious Lake mention'd but now call'd Winander-mere and on the east with the river Lone or Lune At the upper corner of this Lake Winander-mere Ambleside lyes the carcass as it were of an ancient City with large ruins of walls and scatter'd heaps of rubbish without the walls The Fort has been of an oblong figure fortify'd with a ditch and rampire in length 132 Ells and in breadth 80. That it was a work of the Romans the British bricks the mortar temper'd with small pieces of bricks the little Urns or Pots the Glass Vials the Roman Coins commonly met with the round stones like Mill-stones of which â Coagmentatis soder'd together they us'd formerly to make Pillars and the pav'd ways leading to it are all an undeniable Evidence But the old name is quite lost unless one should imagine from the present name Ambleside that this was the Amboglana Ambolgana mention'd by the Notitia e Towards the East the river Lone is the limit and gives its name to the adjoyning tract Lonsdale i.e. a vale upon the Lone the chief town whereof is Kirkby Lonsdale whither the neighbouring Inhabitants resort to Church and Market Above the head of the Lone the Country grows wider and the Mountains shoot out with many windings and turnings between which there are here and there exceeding deep vallies and several places hollow'd like so many deep or caves f The noble river of Eden Eden call'd by Ptolemy Ituna Ituâa b It arises in Westmorland at a place call'd Hugh seat Morvil or Hugh Morvil's hill from one of that name sometimes Lord of Westmorland Out of the same hill there run two other great rivers on Yorkshire-side Eure and Swale rising in Yorkshire has at first only a small stream but increasing gradually by the confluence of several little rivers seeks a passage through these Mountains to the North-west by Pendragon-Castle c See Skipton in the Additions to the West-Riding of Yorkshire to which age has left nothing but the name and a heap of great stones g Then it runs by Wharton-hall the seat of the Barons of Wharton Wharton-hall Lords Wharton the first whereof was 3 Sir Thomas Wharton Thomas advanc'd to that honour by King Henry the Eighth To him succeeded his son of the same name who was succeeded by Philip the present Lord a person of great honour h Next by Kirby-Stephen or Stephen's Church a noted market and so by two little villages call'd Musgrave Musgrave that gave name to the warlike family of the Musgraves i of which Thomas Musgrave in the time of Edward the third was summon'd to Parliament among the Barons their seat was Heartly-Castle Heartly-Castle hard by Here the Eden as it were stops its course that it may receive some rivulets upon one of which scarce two miles from Eden it self stood Verterae Verterae an ancient town mention'd by Antoninus and the Notitia From the latter of these we learn that in the decline of the Roman Empire a Praefect of the Romans quarter'd there with a band of the Directores Now the town it self is dwindl'd into a little village defended with a small Fort and its name pass'd into Burgh Burgh under Stane-more Veget. l 4. c. 10. for it is call'd Burgh under Stane-more i.e. a Burrow under a stony Mountain Under the later Emperours to observe it once for all the little Castles which were built for the emergent occasions of war and stor'd with provisions began to be call'd Burgi a new name which after the translation of the Empire into the East the Germans and others seem to have taken from the Greek ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã And hence the Burgundians have their name from inhabiting the Burgi Orosius for so that age call'd the Dwellings planted at a little distance one from another along the Frontiers I have read nothing of it but that in the beginning of the Norman Government 4 The Northern English the English form d a Conspiracy here against William the Conquerour I durst almost affirm that this Burgh was the old Verterae both because the distance on one side from Levatrae and on the other from Brovonacum if resolv'd into Italian miles does exactly agree with the number assign'd by Antoninus and also because a Roman military way still visible by its high ridge or
diffus'd her Charity all over the Country This Castle is washt on the East by the river Eden and on the other sides there are great trenches as if the first builder had intended to draw the water round it But the attempt prov d ineffectual from whence they have an old rhyme hereabouts Let Uter Pendragon do what he he can The river Eden will run where it ran h The Barons of Wharton are still possess'd of Wharton-hall Whaââ-haââ Philip the last Baron mention'd by our Author was succeeded in this Honour by Philip his grandchild son of Sir Thomas his eldest son who dy'd in his father's life time who still enjoys it i Instead of saying with our Author that the Musgraves Musgâââ were so calld from the towns of that name 't is more probable the towns had their name from the Family For the name of Musgrave is to be reckon'd among those which have been taken from Offices and Civil or Military Honours and is of the like original as Landtgraff Markgraff Burggraff c. among the Germans And indeed this name and Markgraff now turn'd into Marquis are probably the same The signification of both is Dux Limitaneus and anciently Musgrave or Mosgrave was all one as in our later language a Lord Warden of the Marches 'T is therefore no Compliment to this honourable Family to foist the name as some have done into one or two Copies of Battle-Abbey-Roll having enough of true old English honour and not needing to borrow any of its lustre from the Normans Yet even this opinion if it should prevail destroys our Author's that the Family of the Musgraves had their name from these villages k Not far from hence is Brough ãâã consisting at present of two good villages Upper otherwise Church-Brough where the Church standeth whereof Robert Eglesfield Founder of Queens-College in Oxford was Rector and procur'd the appropriation thereof from King Edward the third to the said College Here also stands the Castle of Brough and a tower call'd Caesar's tower which is probably the Propugnaculum our Author speaks of because the Castle was in his time raz'd to the ground the walls of the Tower only remaining which was lately rebuilt by the Countess of Pembroke before-mention'd Near the bridge there is a Spaw-well lately discover'd by the present Vicar of the place the Reverend Mr. John Harrison The other village is call'd Lower-Brough from its situation and Market-brough from a Market held there every Thursday l The next old town is Apleby Aâââ which hath several testimonies of its ancient splendour tho' at present it be very much decay'd Henry the first gave them privileges equal to York that City's Charter being granted as 't is said in the fore-noon and this in the afternoon Henry the second granted them another Charter of the like Immunities and Henry the third in whose time there was an Exchequer here call'd Scaccarium de Apleby a third Which were in omnibus sicut Eboracum and confirm'd by the succeeding Kings of England When it was first govern'd by a Mayor does not appear but 't is certain that in the reign of Edward the first they had a Mayor and two Provosts which seem to have been formerly men of principal note i.e. Sheriffs or the same as we now call Bailiffs and sign'd the publick Acts of the Town along with the Mayor * ãâ¦ã tho' at present they only attend the body of the Mayor with two Halberds Brompton makes mention of Apleby-schire which should seem to imply that at that time it had Sheriffs of its own as most Citieâ had though we now call them Bailiffs For in the second year of Edward the first in a confirmation-Charter to Shap-Abbey we find this Subscription Teste Thomâ filio Johannis tunc Vice-Comite de Apelby Unless one should ãâã that Westmoreland was call'd the County of Apelby or Apelby-schire as indeed Brompton seems to intimate But the Scotch-wars by degrees reduc'd it to a much lower condition â ãâ¦ã In the 22th of Henry the second it was set on fire by them and again in the 1âth of Richard the second when of 2200 Burgages by due computation of the Fee-farm-rents there remain'd not above a tenth part as appears by Inquisitions in the Town-chest Since which it never recover'd it self but lay as it were dismember'd and sâatter'd one street from another like so many several villages and one could not know but by Records that they belong'd to the same body For which reason it is that Mr. Camden mentions no more than Burgh-gate whereas Bongate Battle-burgh Dungate Scattergate are all of them members of this ancient Town and probably the Burrals also which may be an evidence of its having been wall'd round that word implying Burrow-walls and the rather because at Bath in Somersetshire they call the town walls by the same name of Burrals Concerning the condition and misfortunes of this place take this Inscription placed in the Garden belonging to the School-house amongst many others of Roman antiquity collected by Mr. Bainbrigg of whom our Author makes an honourable mention ABALLABA QVAM C. C. FLVIT ITVNA STATIO FVIT RO. TEM MAVR AVREL. HANC VASTAVIT FF GVIL R. SCOT 1176. HIC PESTISSAEVIT 1598. OPP. DESERT MERCATVS AD GILSHAVGHLIN F. DEVM TIME The CC. in the first line is Circumfluit the F F in the fourth Funditus and the F in the end Fuit So that here we have its situation its Roman Antiquity and the devastations made in it by War and Pestilence together with the remove of the Market to Gilshaughlin four or five miles north-west of the town 'T is said that the present Earl of Thanet whose Ancestors on the mother's side the Viponts and Cliffords have been Lords of this Country and flourish'd at Apelby for above 480. years designs to set up and encourage the Cloath-working-trade in this town m The endowment made to the School by the two persons mention'd in our Author was far short of what has been added since by some modern Benefactors the chief whereof was Dr. Thomas Smith the present Bishop of Carlisle who particularly along with Mr. Rand. Sanderson erected a new dwelling house for the use of the School-master ãâã castle n From Apleby the river carries us to Buley-Castle which is now set in farm to the Musgraves but was no doubt formerly a seat of the Bishops of Carlisle as our Author observes For it is said to have been erected at several times by two or three Bishops and there is still in being an account of several Ordinations held there ãâ¦ã Next Eden runs to Crakenthorp hall a pleasant seat the East-side of it where the chief branch of the Machels a family of good note in this Country â Gâillanâs Heraldry have always resided from the Conquest downwards to this very day nor do any Records afford an account how much longer they have flourish'd here The present Lord of the
think m This reading should make it seem to be the ancient Whitern or Candida Casa in Galloway in Scotland being possibly a corruption for ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã i.e. White-houses Leucopibia Nennius Caer Lualid the ridiculous Welsh Prophecies The City of Duballus we Carlile and the Latins from the more modern name Carleolum For that Luguballia and Carlile are the same is universally agreed upon by our Historians n Caer in Welsh signifies a City and Caer-Luul Caer-Luel Caer-Lugubal as it was anciently writ are the very same with Caer-Leil or Caer-Luil the present appellation and import as much as the Town or City of Luul Luel or Lugubal But as to the Etymology good God! what pains has our Countryman Leland took about it and at last he 's driven upon this shift to fancy Ituna might be call'd Lugus and that Ballum came from Vallis a valley and so makes Lugu-vallum as much as a valley upon the Luge But give me leave also to produce my conjecture I dare affirm that the Vallum and Vallin were deriv'd from that famous military Vallum of the Romans which runs just by the City For Antoninus calls it Luguvallum ad vallum and the Picts-wall that was afterwards built upon the Wall of Severus is to be seen at Stanwicks a small village a little beyond the Eden over which there is a wooden bridge It pass'd the river over against the Castle where in the very chanel the remains of it namely great stones appear to this day Also Pomponius Mela has told us ãâã ââgus âhat they ââgnify'd ââong the ââcient Briâââns and ââals that Lugus or Lucus signify'd a Tower among the old Celtae who spoke the same Language with the Britains For what Antoninus calls Lugo Augusti is in him Turris Augusti so that Lugu-vallum both really is and signifies a tower or fort upon the wall or vallum Upon this bottom if the French had made their Lugdunum ââgduââm signifie as much as a tower upon a hill and their Lucotetia Lucotetia or Lutetia in France An old Itinerary lately publish'd says that Lugdunum signifies a desirable mountain so the Ancients nam'd what we call Lutetia as much as a beautiful tower for the words import so much in the British possibly they might have been more in the right than by deriving the latter from Lutum dirt and the former from one Lugdus a fabulous King That this City flourish'd in the times of the Romans does plainly enough appear both from the several evidences of Antiquity they now and then dig up and from the frequent mention made of it by Roman Authors And even after the ravages of the Picts and Scots it retain'd something of it's ancient beauty and was reckon'd a City For in the year of our Lord 619. Egfrid King of Northumberland o See the Donation at large in Sim. Dunelm l 2. p. 58. gave it to the famous S. Cuthbert in these words I have also bestow'd upon him the City call'd Luguballia with the lands fifteen miles round it At which time also it was wall'd round The Citizens says Bede carry'd Cuthbert to see the Walls of the City and a Well of admirable workmanship built in it by the Romans At which time Cuthbert as the Durham-book has it founded a Religious-house for Nuns with an Abbess and Schools for the instruction of youth Afterwards being miserably destroy'd by the Danes it lay bury'd for about two hundred years in it's own ashes till it began to flourish again by the favour and assistance of William Rufus who built it a-new with a Castle and planted there a Colony first of the Flemings whom upon better consideration he quickly remov'd into oo North-Wales and the Isle of Anglesey Wales and then of English sent out of the south r Then as Malmesbury has it was to be seen a Roman Triclinium or dining-room of stone arch'd over which neither the violence of Weather nor Fire could destroy On the front of it was this Inscription Marii Victoriae Some will have this Marius to have been Arviragus the Britain others that Marius who was saluted Emperour in opposition to Gallienus and is said to have been so strong that Authors tell us he had nerves instead of veins in his fingers Yet I have heard that some Copies have it not Marii Victoriae but Marti Victori which latter may perhaps be favour'd by some and seem to come nearer the truth Luguballia now grown populous had as they write it's Earl or rather Lord Ralph Meschines or de Micenis from whom are descended the Earls of Chester and being about the same time honour'd with an Episcopal See by Hen. 1. had Athulph for it's first Bishop This the Monks of Durham look'd upon as an injury to their Church When Ralph say they Bishop of Durham was banish'd and the Church had none to protect it certain Bishops seis'd upon Carleil and Tividale and joyn'd them to their own Dioceses How the Scots in the reign of King Stephen took this City and Henry 2. recover'd it how Henry 3. Eversden committed the Castle of Carlile and the County to Robert de Veteri ponte or Vipont how in the year 1292. it was p The Chronicle of Lauercost is very particular in describing this lamentable Fire He that recorded the account was an eye-witness and says that the fire was so violent that it consum'd the villages two miles off as well as the Church Castle and the whole City and by his relation it should seem that the City was then much larger and more populous than at present it is burnt down along with the Cathedral and Suburbs how Robert Brus the Scot in the year 1315. besieg'd it without success c. are matters treated of at large in our Histories But it may be worth our while to add two Inscriptions I saw here one in the house of Thomas Aglionby near the Citadel * Deterioris seculi but not ancient DIIS MANIBV S MARCI TROIANI AVGVSTINANI * Tumulum TVM FA CIENDVM CVRAVIT AFEL AMMILLVSIMA CONIVX â Carissima KARISS To which is joyn'd the effigies of an armed Horseman with a Lance. The other is in the Garden of Thomas Middleton in a large and beautiful Character LEG VI VIC P. F. G. P. R. F. That is as I fancy Legio Sexta Victrix Pia Felix The interpretation of the rest I leave to others Andrew Harcla Earl of Carlisle Carlisle had only one Earl 15 Sir Andrew Andrew de Harcla whom Edward the second to speak from the Original Charter of Creation for his honourable and good services against Thomas Earl of Lancaster and his Adherents for subduing the King's Subjects who were in rebellion and delivering them prisoners to the King by the girding of a sword created Earl under the honour and title of Earl of Carleol But the same person afterwards prov'd ungrateful villanous and perfidious to
The British Bishops seem no less to have despised riches for they had no subsistence of their own Thus as we find in Sulpitius Severus The British Bishops The Bishops of Britain in the Council holden at Rhimini were maintained by the publick having nothing of their own to live upon The Saxons in that age flock'd hither as to the great mart for learning and this is the reason why we find this so often in our Writers Such a one was sent over into Ireland to be educated o Vide Bed lib. 3. c. 7 27. and this passage in the life of Sulgenus who flourish'd 600 years ago Exemplo patrum commotus amore legendi Jvit ad Hibernos Sophia mirabile claros With love of learning and examples fir'd To Ireland fam'd for wisdom he repair'd The Sâtâns ââem to the borrowed ââeir letâââs from ãâã Iââsh And perhaps our fore-fathers the Saxons took the draught and form of their letters from them their character being the same with that at this day used in Ireland Nor is there any reason to admire that Ireland which for the most part is now rude and barbarous and without the glory of polite literature Religion and learning flourish sometimes in one Country and sometimes in another was so full of pious and great Wits in that age wherein learning was little heeded throughout Christendom when the wisdom of Providence has so ordered it that Religion and Learning shall grow and flourish sometimes in one Nation and sometimes in another to the end that by every transplantation a new growth may shoot up and flourish to his glory and the good of mankind However the outrage of wars by little and little soon put a stop to the pursuits and study of Religion and Learning in this Kingdom For in the year 644 EgfrÃd King of Northumberland with fire and sword spoil'd Ireland which was then a very kind allie to England and for this reason he is most sadly complain'd of by Bede After the Norwegians under the conduct of Turgesius Ireland wast d by the Norwegi wasted this Country in a most dismal manner for the space of 30 years together but he being cut off by an ambush laid for him the inhabitants fell upon the Norwegians and made such an entire defeat of them that hardly so much as one escaped Now these Norwegians were without doubt those Normans who as Rheginus tells us in Charles the Great 's time invaded Ireland an Island of the Scots and were put to flight by them Afterwards Oustmanni those perhaps whom Tac. calls Aestiân s Eginârdâs Aitisti the Oustmanni i.e. the East-men came from the sea coasts of Germany into Ireland where under the colour of trade and merchandise being admitted into some cities in a short time they began a very dangerous war Much about this time Edgar the most potent King of the English conquered a great part of Ireland For thus we find it in a certain Charter of his Unto whom God has graciously granted together with the Empire of England the dominion over all the Kingdoms of the Islands with their fierce Kings as far as Norway and the conquest of the greatest part of Ireland with her most noble city Dublin These tempests from foreign parts were soon succeeded by a worse storm of dissention at home which made way for the English Conquest of that Country Henry the second King of England seeing the differences and emulations among the petty Princes of Ireland took this opportunity and in the year 1155 moved the Conquest of Ireland to his Barons for the use of his brother William of Anjou However by advice of his mother Maud Robert de Moâte ad annum 1185. De mic the son of Murchard 1167. the Empress this design was deferred and put off to another time Not many years after Dermicius the son of Murchard Dermic Mac Morrog as they call him who governed the east part of Ireland in Latin Lagenia commonly Leinster for his tyranny and extravagant lusts for he had ravished p The wife of O. Rorke daughter of a petty King of Mâath the wise of O. Rorkes petty King of Meath was driven from his Country and obtained aid and forces of King Henry the second to restore him He made this contract also with Richard Earl of Pembroke sirnamed Strongbow Richard Strongbow of the family of Clare that if he would assist him he would ensure the succession of his Kingdom to the Earl and give him his daughter Eva to wife Upon this the Earl forthwith raised a good Army consisting of Welsh and English induced the Fitz-Geralds Fitz-Stephens and other of the English Nobility to assist him and by these powers not only restored Dermicius his Father-in-law but in a few years made such progress in the conquest of Ireland that the King of England began to grow jealous and suspect his power so that he put forth his Proclamation requiring the said Earl and his adherents upon grievous penalties to return out of Ireland declaring that if they did not forthwith obey they should be banished and their goods confiscated Hereupon the Earl by deed and covenant made over to the King all that he had in Ireland either in right of his wife or of his sword and so had the Earldoms of Weisford Ossory Carterlogh and Kildare with some castles bestowed upon him by the King to hold of him After this King Henry the second raised an army sailed over into Ireland in the year 1172 Henr. 2. enters Ireland and obtained the soveraignty of that Island q Câââcerning the Coâonies sent from England and Wales into Ireland in the time of King Henr. 2. and the Lands granted therein see Ware 's Antiquitat Hâbârn p. 232. For the States of Ireland conferred upon him their whole power and authority Girald Cambrens MS. In the hands of Baron Howth namely Rotheric O Conor Dun that is to say the brown King of Ireland Dermot Mac Carty King of Cork Donald O Bren King of Limerick O Carel King of Uriel Mac Shaglin King of Ophaly r O Rorke was not King of Meath O Rorke King of Meath O Neale King of Ulster with all the rest of the Nobility and people by Charters signed delivered and sent to Rome from whence it was confirmed by a Diploma of Pope Hadrian's Synod 1. 2. at Cassil Armagh and by a ring sent him as a token of his Investiture it was also ratified by the authority of certain Provincial Synods Afterwards King Henry the second bestowed the Soveraignty of Ireland upon his son John which was confirmed by a Bull from Pope Urban who to confirm him in it sent him a Crown of Peacocks Feathers embroidered with Gold Authors affirm that when this Prince came to the Crown he granted by his Charter that both Ireland and England should be held of the Church of Rome Hovedun and that he received it
also by his valour and conduct he so fortunately suppressed that by the self same Victory he both recovered the town surrender'd to him with the Spaniards in it and disarm'd the whole Kingdom of Ireland when with fire and sword they had not only resolved to rebel but were now actually revolting Off from Kinsale on the other side of the river lyes h Called at this day Kyrycurry Kerry-wherry Kerry-wherry a small territory lately belonging to the Earls of Desmond Just before it runs that i At present called Lee. river The river which Ptolemy calls Daurona Dauron and Giraldus Cambrensis by the change of one letter Sauranus and Saveranus which springing from the mountains of Muskerey passes by the principal City of the County grac'd with an Episcopal See whereunto is also now annext the Bishoprick of Clon which Giraldus calls Corcagia in English Cork Cork and among the natives k Corkig This Cork is now mostly inhabited with English who by their industry have so improved their estates trade and city that it far exceeds any city in Ireland Dublin only excepted Corcach It is of an oval form enclos'd with walls and encompass'd with the chanel of the River which also crosses it and is not accessible but by bridges lying along as it were in one direct street with a bridge over it 'T is a populous little trading town and much resorted to but so beset with Rebel-enemies on all sides that they are obliged to keep constant watch as if the town was continually besieged and dare not marry out their daughters into the country but contract one with another among themselves whereby all the Citizens are related in some degree or other They report here that Brioc the Religious person who in that fruitful age of Saints flourished among the Gauls and from whom the Diocese of Sanbrioch in Armorica commonly called St. Brieu S. Brieu takes its name was born and bred in this town Beneath Cork the chanel of the river is divided into 2 branches which uniting again make a large and very pleasant l It is called The Great Island Island over against the chief dwelling house of the Barries an antient and noble family and thereupon is called Barry Court For they are descended from Robert de Barry Barons Barry an Englishman of great worth one who was rather ambitious to be really eminent than to seem so he was the first man that was wounded in the conquest of Ireland G. Camâââ and that ever mann'd a hawk in that Island His posterity also by their great loyalty and valour have been honoured first with the title of m They are now Earls of Barry-more Baron Barry and afterwards with that of Vicount Butiphant by the Kings of England Vicount Butipcaâ and from their riches and estates have been called by the people Barry More or Barry the great A little below this the river Saveren near Imokelly formerly the large possession of the Earls of Desmond falls from a creeky mouth into the sea As the Saveren watereth the lower part of this county so n Now commonly called Black-water Broodwater formerly Aven-more that is a great water supplies the upper Upon which is the seat of the noble family de Rupe or Roch Baron Roche transplanted out of England hither where it hath grown and flourished and now enjoys the title of Vicount Fermoy Vicount Fermoâ In Edward the second 's time they were certainly Barons of Parliament Par. 9 ãâã an 8 Ed. for George Roche was fined 200 Marks for not being present at the Parliament of Dublin as he was summoned As the river Broodwater which by its course for some time is the boundary between this County and Waterford runs into the sea and makes a haven stands Yoghall Yoghall not very large but walled round of an oblong form and divided into two parts the upper which is the greater part stretches Northward having a Church in it and a littley Abby without the wall called North Abby the lower part to the Southward is named the Base-town and has also an Abby called South Abby The convenience of the haven which hath a well fenced Kay in it as also the fruitfulness of the country hereabouts draws Merchants hither so that the town is prety populous and has a Mayor for its chief Magistrate At present the County of Cork reaches only thus far which as I have already observed was heretofore counted a Kingdom Kingdoâ of Carâ and was of greater extent containing Desmond also within the bounds of it King Henry 2. gave this Kingdom to 7 Sir Robert Robert Fitz-Stephens and 8 Sir Miles Miles de Cogan in these words Know ye that I have granted the whole Kingdom of Cork except the City and Cantred of Oustmans to hold to them and their heirs of me and my son John by the service of sixty Knights From the heir of this Fitz-Stephen 9 Sir George George Carew now Baron Carew of Clopton is descended in a right line who was not long since Lord President of Mounster and as I most willingly acknowlege has given me great light into the Irish Antiquities The County of WATERFORD ON the East of Ireland between the rivers Broodwater on the West and the Suire on the East the Ocean on the South and the County of Tipperary on the North lyes the County of Waterford a County very fair and delicate both in respect of pleasure and richness Upon Broodwater at its leaving the County of Cork stands Lismor ââsmor remarkable for its Bishop's See where presided Christian Bââhop Christian the Bishop and Legat of Ireland about the year 1148. a person very deserving of the Church of Ireland educated at Clarevall in the same Cloister with St. Bernard and Pope Eugenius At present by reason the possessions hereunto belonging have been almost all of them alienated it is annext to the See of Waterford Near the mouth lyes Ardmor Ardmor a small village of which and this river thus heretofore Necham Urbem Lissimor pertransit flumen Avenmor Ardmor cernit ubi concitus aequor adit Avenmor guides his stream through Lismor town Small Ardmor to the ocean sees him run The little adjoyning territory is called Dessee ââsee the Lord whereof descended from the Desmonds had since our time the honourable title of Vicount Dessee conferred upon him which died soon after with him for want of issue-male Not far from hence stands Dungarvan âââgarâân upon the sea a town well fortified with a Castle and advantageously situated for a haven King Henry 6. gave this with the Barony of Dungarvan to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury but afterwards by reason it stood convenient to command that part of Mounster which was to be reduced the Parliament annext it to the Crown of England for ever ââers Baâââ of Cââraghâore Near this the Poers an
antient and noble family have flourished from the first conquest of this country by the English who were afterwards advanced to the honour of Barons o Now Earl of Tyrone Curraghmore Upon the bank of the river Suire stands Waterford ââterford the chief City of this County Of which thus old Necham Suirius insignem gaudet ditare Waterford Aequoreis undis associatur ibi Thee Waterford Suir 's streams with wealth supply Hasting to pay their tribute to the sea This City which the Irish and Britains call Porthlargy the English Waterford was first built by certain Pirats of Norway Though 't is situated in a thick air and on a barren soil and close built yet by reason of the convenience of the haven p It was once but now Cork may claim that honour 't is the second City in Ireland for wealth and populousness and has ever continued q It s motto was Intacta manet Waterfordia But in the course of the Irish rebellion begun An. 1641. by means of the Popish Clergy it became exceeding faulty Now that the English Inhabitants daily encrease we may expect it will recover its former reputation particularly loyal and obedient to the Crown of England For since it was first taken by Richard Earl of Pembroke it has been so faithful and quiet that in our Conquest of Ireland it has always secur'd us from any attempts on this side Upon this account the Kings of England have endowed it with many and those considerable privileges which were enlarged and confirmed by Henry 7. for behaving themselves with great valour and conduct against Perkin Warbeck a sham-Prince who being but a young fellow of mean extraction had the impudence to aim at the Imperal Diadem by pretending to be Richard Duke of York the second son of King Edward 4. King Henry 6. gave the County of Waterford ãâã of ââterford together with the City to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury in words which so clearly set forth the bravery of that warlike man that I cannot but think it worth the while and perhaps some others may think it so too to transcribe them from the Record We therefore says the King after a great deal more wherein one sees the defect both of the Latin and eloquence of the Secretaries of that age in consideration of the valour of our most dear and faithful Cousen John Earl of Shrewsbury and Weysford Lord Talbot of Furnival and Lestrange sufficiently shewn and proved in the wars aforesaid even to his old age not only by the sweat of his body but many times by the loss of his blood and considering how our County and City of Waterford in our Kingdom of Ireland with the Castle Seigniory Honour Lands and Barony of Dungarvan and all the Lordships Lands Honours and Baronies and their appurtenances within the same County which by forfeiture of rebels by reversion or decease of any person or persons by escheat or any other title of law ought to vest in Us or our progenitors which by reason of invasions or insurrections in these parts are become so desolate and as they lye exposed to the spoils of war so entirely wasted that they are of no profit to us but have done and now do many times redound to our loss and charge and also that the said lands may hereafter be better defended against the attempts and incursions of enemies or rebels do ordain and create him Earl of Waterford with the stile title name and honour thereunto belonging And that all things may correspond with his state and greatness we hereby of our special grace certain knowledge and free motion that the Grandeur of the Earl may be supported more honourably do give grant and by these presents confirm unto the said Earl the County aforesaid together with the aforesaid title stile name and honour of Earl of Waterford and the city of Waterford aforesaid with the fee-farm castles lordships honours lands baronies and all other appurtenances within the County as also all mannors hundreds wapentakes c. along the sea-coast from the town of Yoghall to the city of Waterford aforesaid To have and to hold the said County of Waterford the stile title name and honour of Earl of Waterford and likewise the city of Waterford aforesaid with the castle seigniory honour land and barony of Dungarvan and all other lordships honours lands and Baronies within the said County and also all the aforesaid mannors hundreds c. to the abovesaid Earl and to the heirs males of his body begotten to hold of us and our heirs by homage fealty and the service of being our Seneschal and that he and his heirs be Seneschals of Ireland Seneschal of Ireland to us and our heirs throughout our whole land of Ireland to do and that he do and ought himself to do in the said office that which his predecessors Seneschals of England were wont formerly to do for us in that office In witness whereof c. However while the Kings of England and their Nobility who had large possessions in Ireland were either took up with foreign wars in France or civil dissentions at home Ireland was quite neglected so that the English interest began to decay r See the Statute of Absentees in the County of Caterlogh and the power of the Irish grew formidable by reason of their absence and then it was enacted to recover their interest and to suppress this growth of the Irish strength that the Earl of Shrewsbury for his absence and carelesness should surrender the Town and County of Waterford to the King and his successors and likewise that the Duke of Norfolk the Baron Barkley Ann. 28. H. 8 the Heirs Female of the Earl of Ormond and all the Abbots Priors c. of England who held any lands there should surrender them to the King and his successors for the same faults The County of LIMERICK THus far we have surveyed the maritime counties of Mounster two remain that are inland Limerick and Tipperary which we are now come to The County of Limerick lies behind that of Cork Northward between Kerry the river Shanon and the county of Tipperary fruitful and well inhabited but it has few remarkable towns The West part of it is called Conilagh Conilagh where among the hills Knock-Patrick Knock-Patrick that is St. Patrick's hill is most eminent for its height from the top whereof one has a pleasant prospect into the sea and along the river Shanon which at a great distance falls from a wide mouth into the Vergivian Ocean At the bottom of this hill the Fitz-Giralds liv'd for a long time in great honour Knight of the Vally Qu. Elâz An. 11. till Thomas call'd the Knight of the Valley or de Glin when his graceless son was put to death for Arsony for 't is treason by the laws of Ireland to set villages and houses a fire was also found an Accessary and had his estate
confiscated by Act of Parliament The head city of this county is Limerick encompass'd by the Shanon a famous river which divides its stream and embraces it The Irish call it Å¿ Louminagh is the name Loumeagh Limeâick L umeagh the English Limerick It is a Bishop's See and the great mart of this Province of Munster first taken by Reimund le Gross an Englishman the son of William Girald afterwards it was burnt by Duvenald a petty King of Thuetmond At last it was given in fee to Philip Breos an Englishman and King John fortified it with a castle At present t is reputed two towns the upper for so they call it where stands the cathedral and the castle has two gates which give entrance to it and each of them a fair stone bridge leading to them strengthen'd with bulwarks and little draw-bridges one of which leads Westward the other East The lower town which is joyned to this is fortified with a wall and castle and a fore-gate at the entrance More to the East stands Clan-William Clan-William so called from a family of that name descended from the House de Burgo which the Irish call Bourk who inhabit it Of this family was that William who slew James Fitz-Moris the plague and firebrand of this country upon whom Queen Elizabeth conferr'd the title and honour of Baron of Castle-Conel where Richard Rufus Earl of Ulster Baron âf Castâe-Coneâ had fortified the Castle together with a yearly pension in recompense for his bravery and the loss of his sons slain in that conflict In the South part of this county stands t Killmalock Kil-mallo next in dignity to Limerick both in respect of plenty and populousness and walled round Likewise Adare a little town fortified heretofore situate upon the same river which straightways from thence runs into the Shanon near which stands u This is now in the County of Cork Clan Gibbon Clân Gibbân the Lord whereof John Fitz-Girald called John Oge Fitz-John Fitz-Gibbon and from the grey hair of his head the white Knight was banished by Act of Parliament But by the clemency of Queen Elizabeth his son was restored to the whole estate The most noted and eminent in this tract besides these Bourks and Fitz-Giralds are the Lacies the Browns the Hurleys the Chacys the Sapells the Pourcells all of English extraction the Mac-Shees and the Mac-brien O Brians c. of Irish extraction The County of TIPPERARY THE County of Tipperary is bounded on the west with that of Limerick and the river Shanon on the east with the County of Kilkenny on the south with the Counties of Cork and Waterford and on the north with the territory of the O Carolls The south part is very fruitful produces much corn and is well built The west part of it is water'd by the long course of the river Glason Emely not far from the bank whereof stands Emely or Awn a Bishop's See and by report a very populous and well frequented city heretofore The Sewer or Swire a noble river which rises at Badin-hill runs through the middle of it and so through the lower Ossery Lower-Ossâry which by the bounty of King Henry the 8th gave the title of Earl to the Butlers and then through Thurles which gave them the title of Viscounts from whence it passes by Holy-Cross a famous Abby heretofore which makes the Country about it to be commonly called the County of the Holy Cross of Tipperary The County of the holy Cross of Tipperary The wood of the Cross This Abby enjoys certain privileges granted in honour of a piece of Christ's Cross preserv'd there The whole world says St. Cyrill is fill'd with pieces of this Cross and yet as Paulinus says by a constant miracle it hath never been diminished This was the belief and opinion of Christians in ancient times And it is incredible what a concourse of people do still out of devotion throng hither as to a holy place For this nation does yet firmly persevere in the religion of their fore-fathers which is now grown in more reputation than ever by the neglect and ignorance of their Bishops for there is none here to instruct them otherwise Cassil From hence the Swire passes by Cassil adorn'd with an Archbishop's See by Eugenius the third Bishop of Rome with many suffragan Bishops under it and so forward making many Islands as it runs along till it encompasses Cahir-Castle which has its Baron one of the family of the Butlers raised to that honour by Queen Elizabeth But his son proving disloyal was thereupon attainted the castle being taken by the Earl of Essex in the year 1599 and he himself committed From whence it runs by Clomell Clomell a market town of good resort and well fortified and also by Carick Mac-Griffin situated upon a rock from which it takes its name the habitation of the Earls of Ormond which with the honour of Earl of Carrick was granted by King Edward the 2d to Edmund Boteler or Butler Here it leaves Tipperary Earl of Caârick Annâ 9. Edw. 2. and becomes a boundary to the Counties of Waterford and Kilkenny Thus much concerning the south part of this County That northward is but barren and mountaneous twelve of the hills here are huddled together and over-top the rest these they call Phelem-ge-Modona This north part is call'd in Latin Ormondia Ormondia Butlers Earls of Oâmandââ in Irish Orwowon that is The front of Mounster in English Ormond and by many very corruptly Wormewood It s glory is from its Earls who have been many since James Butler a The heir of this noble family is now Duke of Ormond both in England and Ireland to whom and his heirs King Edw. the third gave this title for term of life Anno 2. Ed. 3. together with the royalties and other liberties as also the Knights-fees in the County of Tipperary which by the favour of the Kings of England his posterity still enjoy Earl f Tipperary Hence this County is reputed Palatine and he has been call'd by some the Earl of Tipperary The ancestors of this James were heretofore Butlers of Ireland an honourable office from which they derive the name of Le Boteler or Butler Those of this family were nearly related to Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury being descended from his sister After his murder they were translated into Ireland by King Hen. the 2d who hoped to redeem his credit in the world by preferring his relations to wealth and honours The first Earl of Ormond in this family was James son of Edmund Earl of Carrick who married the daughter of Humphry Bohun Earl of Hereford by a daughter of King Edw. the first and this was their first step towards honour Hereupon his son James was commonly called by the people the noble Earl The fifth Earl of this family not to be particular in the account of them had the
Earl of Strafford Lord Lieutenant of Ireland erected a large and magnificent Pile and designed to make it the seat of his Family principal and head town of this County is Kildar Kildar eminent in the first ages of the Irish Church for Brigid â Brigid a virgin of great esteem for her devotion and chastity not she who about 240 years since instituted the Order of the Nuns of S. Brigid namely that within one Monastery both Men and Women should live together in their several apartments without seeing one another but one more ancient who lived about a thousand years ago was a disciple of S. Patrick and very famous both in Ireland Scotland and England Her miracles and the fire which never goes out being preserved and cherished in the * Adytis âââtraliâââ inner sanctuary like that of Vesta by the sacred Virgins and still burns without any addition or increase of ashes are related by some Authors This town has the honour of being a Bishops See formerly stil'd in the Pope's Letters Episcopatus Darensis 14 And after the entrance of the English into Ireland was c. and was first the habitation of Richard Earl of Pembrook afterwards of William Marshall Earl of Pembrook his son in law by whose fourth daughter Sibill it came to William Ferrars Earl of Derby and by a daughter of his by her likewise to William Vescy whose son 15 William Lord Vescy William Vescy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland being out of favour with King Edward the first upon a quarrel between him and John the son of Thomas Fitz-Girald and having lost his only legitimate son gave Kildare and other lands of his in Ireland Aâchivâââgeta to the King upon condition he should infeoff his natural son sirnamed de Kildare with all his other lands in England A little after that the said John son to Thomas Fitz-Girald whose ancestors descended from Girald Windesor Castellan of Pembrook by their great valour did much service in the conquest of Ireland had the castle and town of Kildare together with the title and name of Earl of Kildare Earls of Kildar bestow'd upon him by King Edward the second These Fitz-Giralds or Geraldins as they now call them were very great men and particularly eminent for their brave actions who of themselves as one says preserved the sea-coasts of Wales and conquered Ireland And this family of Kildare flourished with their honour and reputation unsullied for a long time having never any hand in rebellions till Thomas Fitz-Girald son of Girald-Fitz-Girald Earl of Kildare and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in Henry the eighth's time upon the news that his father who was sent for into England and charg'd with male-administration was executed was so far transported by the heat of youth upon this false rumour that he rashly took up arms against his King and Country invited Charles the 5th to take possession of Ireland wasted the Country with fire and sword besieged Dublin and put the Archbishop thereof to death for which outrage he was soon after hang'd with five of his uncles his father being dead before of grief and trouble at these proceedings However this family was restored by Queen Mary to its ancient grandeur who promoted Girald brother of the said Thomas to the Earldom of Kildare and the Barony of Offaly 16 He ended this life about the year 1558. His eldest Son Girald died before his father leaving only one daughter married to Sir Robert Digby Henry his second son succeeded who when he had by his wife Lady Frances daughter to Charles Earl of Nottingham only two daughters William the third son succeeded to the Earldom who was drowned in passing into Ireland in the year 1599 having no issue And then the title of Earl of Kildare came to Girald Fiâz Girald son to Edward their uncle who wan restored to his blood in lineage to make title by descent lineal or collateral from his father and brother and all his ancestors any attainder or corruption of blood to the contrary notwithstanding his two sons Henry and William having both succeeded him without issue male the title of Earl fell to Girald Fitz-Girald their Cousin-german 17 With a fair patrimony seduced by the Religious pretext into Rebellion Other eminent towns in this county are Naas a market town Athie situate upon the river Barrow Mainoth a castle of the Earls of Kildare and endowed with the priviledge of a market and a fair by King Edw. the first in favour of Girald Fitz-Moris Castle-Martin the chief seat of the family of the Fitz-Eustaces descended from the Poers in the County of Waterford of whom Rowland Fitz-Eustace Barons Fitz Eustace for his great worth was made a Baron of Parliament by Edward the fourth and had the manour of Portlester bestow'd upon him as also the title of Vicount Baltinglas by Henry the eighth Pat. 2. Ed. 4. Viscounts Baltinglas all which dignities Rowland Fitz-Eustace lost 7 being banish'd in Q. Elizabeth's time for his treachery The more considerable families here besides the Fitz-Giralds are all likewise English the Ougans De-la-Hides Ailmers Walshes Boisels Whites Suttons c. As for the Gyant 's dance which Merlin by art magick transferred as they say out of this territory to Salisbury-plain as also the bloody battle to be fought hereafter between the English and the Irish at Molleaghmast I leave them for the credulous and such as doat upon the fabulous part of antiquity and vainly admire prophesies For it is not answerable to my design to dilate upon stories of this nature These are the midland Counties of Leinster now for those upon the sea coast The County of WEISFORD BElow that mouth from which the three sister-rivers the Barrow the Neore and the Swire empty themselves into the sea upon a Promontory eastward where the shore is rounding lies the County of Weisford or Wexford in Irish County a Which signifies Coarse or rough Reogh where the Menapii Menapii are placed by Ptolemy That these Menapii were the off-spring of the Menapii that peopled the sea-coast in the Lower Germany the name it self seems to intimate But whether that Carausius Carausius who put up for Emperor and held Britain against Dioclesian were of this or that nation Published by Sâhottus I leave to the discovery of others For * Aurelius Victor calls him a citizen of Menapia and the city Menapia is in Ireland and not in the Low-Countreys of Germany according to Geographers Upon the river Barrow in this County formerly flourished Ross a large b Now a burrough city of good trade and well inhabited fortified with a wall of great compass by Isabel the daughter of Earl Richard Strongbow which is the only remains of it at this day For the dissention between the citizens and the religious here has long since ruined the town and reduced it to little or nothing More eastward Duncanon Duncanon
of S. Patrick l. 2. rerum Anglicarum cap 26. and well supplied with fish from the river as it runs into the sea here famous for trade and for those sweet plains oaky woods and fine parks so entertaining about it Thus also William of Newborow Divelin a maritime City is the metropolis of Ireland it enjoys the benefit of a famous harbor and for trade and concourse of merchants rivals London It s situation is particularly pleasant and wholsome having hills on the south plains on the west and sea just the by it on the east and and the river Liffy on the north where ships ride safely Upon the river there are Kaies as we call them or certain works made to break the violence of the water For Caiare among the ancients signified to restrain Ad Auson lib. â c. 22. check or hinder as the most learned Scaliger has observed Here the City wall well built of free stone begins fortified on the south with rampiers it has six gates which open into large suburbs on all sides The access on the south is by Dammes-gate near which stands the King's castle upon a rising well fortified with ditches and towers and provided with a good Arsenal built by Henry Loundres the Archbishop about the year 1220. In that suburb on the east side near St. Andrew's Church Henry the second King of England as Hoveden says caused a royal palace 22 Or rather banqueting-house to be built of smooth wattles very curious after the manner of this Country and here with the Kings and Princes of Ireland he kept a Chrstmas-day in great solemnity Over against it stands a fine College on the same spot where Alhallows Allhallows Monastery heretofore stood dedicated to the Indivisible and Holy Trinity endow'd with the privileges of an University by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory Univârsity b gun and foundâd in 1591 May 13. S ud n s âdmiâted in the year 1593. for the education of youth and lately furnished with a good Library which gives no small hopes that Religion and Learning will after a long exile return to Ireland formerly the seat of the Muses to which foreigners resorted as to the great Mart of liberal arts and sciences 1320. L. MS. of Baron Houth In the reign of Edward the second Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin having obtained from the Pope the privileges of an University for this place and instituted publick Lectures first began to recall them but this laudable design was broken by the turbulent times that followed The north gate opens towards the bridge which is arched and built of * F. vivo Saxo. free stone by King John who joyned Oustman-town to the City For here the Oustmanni which Giraldus says came from Norway and those Northern Islands setled according to our Histories about the year 1050. In this suburbs stood formerly the famous Church of S. Mary de Oustmanby for so 't is call'd in King John's Charter and also a House of Black Friers whither the King's Courts of Judicature were lately transferr'd On the west part of Dublin there are two gates Ormonds-gate and Newgate which is the common Gaol both leading to the longest suburb of this City named St. Thomas where stands also a noble Abbey of the same name called Thomas Court Thomas Court founded and endowed with large revenues by King Henry the second to expiate for the death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury On the south we enter by S. Paul's gate and that call'd S. Nicholas opening into S. Patrick's suburb where stands the Palace of the Archbishop known by the name of S. Sepulcher with a stately Church dedicated to S. Patrick very fine within for its stone pavements and arch'd roof and without for its high steeple 'T is uncertain when this Church was first built but that Gregory King of Scots about the year 890 came in pilgrimage to it is plain from the Scotch history Afterwards it was much enlarged by King John and made a Church of Prebends by John Comy Archbishop of Dublin which was confirmed by Coelestine the third Bishop of Rome in the year 1191. After that again Henry Loundres his successor in this See of Dublin augmented the dignities of the Parsonages Pârsonatuum as the words of the founder are and made it conformable to the immunities orders and customs of the Church of Salisbury At present it consists of a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries Stat. Parl. 18 Hen. 8. c. 15. the only light and lamp not to conceal a very noble Character which a Parliament of this Kingdom gave it of all pious and Ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland Here is also another Cathedral Church in the very heart of the City dedicated to the Holy Trinity but commonly call'd Christ's Temple Concerning it's foundation we have this passage in the Archives of that Church Sitric King of Dublin son of Ableb Count of Dublin gave a piece of ground to the Holy Trinity and to Donatus the first Bishop of Dublin to build a Church on in honour of the Holy Trinity and not only that but gold and silver also sufficient for that design and to finish the whole * Curââ Church-yard This was done about the year 1012 at which time Lancarvanensis affirms that Sitric son of Abloie so he calls him flourished The work was begun by Donatus but carry'd on and finish'd by Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke commonly call'd Comes Striguliae whose tomb repair'd by 23 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy is to be seen here Robert Fitz-Stephens and Reimond Fitz-Girald On the south side of the Church stands the Town-hall built of square stone and call'd Tolestale Tolâstalâ where Causes are try'd before the Mayor and where sessions and publick meeting of the Citizens are often held The City enjoys many privileges Formerly it was govern'd in chief by a Provost but in the year 1409 King Henry the fourth gave them the privilege of choosing every year a Mayor with two Bailiffs and of carrying a guilt sword before him Afterward King Edward the sixth changed these Bailiffs into Sheriffs There is nothing wanting to the grandeur and happiness of this City but the removal of those heaps of sand that by the flux and reflux of the sea are wash'd up into the mouth of the river Liffy and hinder great ships from coming up but at high water Thus much for Dublin the account whereof I confess to be mostly owing to the diligence and knowledge of James Usher Chancellor of S. Patricks whose variety of Learning and soundness of Judgment are infinitely beyond his years As for Robert Vere earl of Oxford whom Richard the second who was profuse in bestowing titles of honour made Marquiss of Dublin Maâqââââ of Dubâââ and afterwards Duke of Ireland I have took notice of him before and need not report it here
and Inis Bovind ãâã lib. 4. ãâã Eccl. ãâã which signifies in Scotch as Bede has explained it the Isle of white heifers though the word is really British This Monastery was soon abandoned by the English who could not live peaceably and easie with the Scots ãâã ââis More inward lies Lough Corbes where Ptolemy places the river Ausoba about 20 miles in length and 3 or 4 in breadth navigable and adorned with 300 petty Islands which produce much grass and Pine trees Towards the sea it grows narrow and runs by Gallway âââay in Irish Gallive yet I dare not affirm it so call'd from the Gallaeci in Spain This is by far the most eminent e Galway is not a City nor Bishop's See but is within the Aâchbishoprick of Tuam though the Warden of Galway contested the jurisdiction pretending to be a Peculiar City in this County and which in competition with the other cities of Ireland would hardly accept the third place 'T is neat and fair-built with firm stone of an oval form and somewhat tower-like famous for a Bishops See and by reason of its harbour and the road already mentioned just under it well frequented by merchants and enriched by a great trade in all sorts of commodities both by sea and land Scarce four miles from hence stands Knoc-toe i.e. A hill of hatchets under which the greatest body of rebels that had been seen in Ireland The battle of Knoc-toe 1516. were drawn together by William de Burgo O-Brien Mac Nemare and O-Carrall and defeated with great slaughter by that Girald Earl of Kildare who * Per intervalla from time to time was thirty three years Lord Deputy of Ireland On the east at no great distance from hence stands Aterith Aterith in which word the name of the Auteri is still apparent commonly called Athenry enclosed with walls of a great compass but thinly inhabited It has had the honour of giving the title of Baron to the valiant John de Bermingham Bermingham an Englishman of which family was the Earl of Louth These Berminghams are now so degenerated that they hardly own themselves English The Irish families of better note in these parts are the O-Kellies a O-Madden O-Maidins b O-Flagherty O-Flairtes Mac-Dervis c. Clan-Richard Earl Clan-Richard Clan-Richard i.e. the sons or posterity of Richard or the land of the sons of Richard borders upon these and is reckoned within this County They take their name after the Irish manner from one Richard an Englishman sirnamed De Burgo and afterwards came to have great authority and interest in these parts Ulick de Burgo one of this family was by Henry the 8 made Earl of Clan-Ricard whose eldest son now enjoys the title of Baron of Inis Kellin He had a son Richard the second Earl whose children by several venters involved their father their country and themselves in great difficulties Richard who died old was succeeded by his son Ulick the third Earl he had a son Richard the fourth Earl whose untainted loyalty to the English and great valour have been eminent in the most dangerous Rebellions of this Kingdom Arcâbish pâiââ of Tâââ The Archbishop of Toam's See lyes in this County which had formerly several Episcopal Sees under it but at present this Province comprises only the Sees of * ãâ¦ã Anagchony Duae and Maio. The Bishoprick of Kilmacough which is not mentioned in the old Provincial unless the name there be corrupted as also the Bishoprick of Clonfert are both in this Province and as I am informed c Clonfert is not united to Tuam annext to the See of Toam The County of MAIO THE County of Maio lies upon the Western Ocean bounded on the South by the County of Gallway on the East by Roscommon and on the North by the County of Slego fertile pleasant and well stockt with cattle bucks hawks and honey It is so called from Maio Maio. a little Episcopal City which in the Roman Provincial is writ Mageo At present this See is annext to its Metropolis the Archbishoprick of Toam and the neighbours live under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Killaley in the Barony of Tir-auley Bishoprick of Killaley In Maio if I mistake not Colman Bishop of Ireland founded a Monastery as Bede says for about 30 English that had been educated Monks and brought over by him into Ireland But let him speak in his own words L. 4. C. 4. Colman found a place in Ireland very proper for a Monastery which was called Magio by the Scots and so he purchased a small part of it of the Earl that he might build a Monastery on it with this condition annext That the Monks resident there should expresly pray for the Earl The Monastery with the assistance of the Earl and the neighbours thereabouts was soon finisht and there leaving the Scots in the Isle of Bovind he placed the English This very Monastery is at present filled by English being grown much greater the very same which is usually called In Mago Here things have been very much reformed so that there are now a very regular Convent who are all transplanted thither out of England and live by the labour of their own hands under certain Rules and a Canonical Abbot after the example of the venerable Fathers in great continence and sincerity About the year 1115. this Monastery was repaired and continued in a flourishing state in King John's time who by his Letters Patents confirmed its title to several possessions From hence we meet with no other place remarkable but Logh-Mesk Logh Mesk a large lough full of fish containing two small Islands well fortified formerly belonging to the family de Burgo or the Burks This County is not so eminent for Towns as inhabitants who are either of Irish Original as the O Mailes Ieies Mac-vaduses or Scots transplanted from the Hebrides and the family of the Donells from thence called Clan-Donells who are all Galloglasses Galloglasses and as it were mercenary soldiers armed with double-headed axes and coats of mail * Triaââi âââcenarii formerly invited over by the Rebels and rewarded with lands among them or else English as the Burks aforesaid the Jordans descended from Jordan of Exeter the Nangles of Castlough and Prendergest of Clan-morris But the most powerful are the Barks who owe their original and glory to William younger Brother of Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster He was famous for his bravery in the wars and carried prisoner into Scotland where leaving his wife as hostage he was dismissed and upon his return to Ireland restored After this he valiantly recovered Conaught out of which the English had been banisht in his absence by Phelim O Connor having slain Phelim O-Conor Mac-Dermond and Tego O-Kelly in an engagement and he himself was at last kill'd out of revenge by Cormac Mac-Dermond His Grandson Thomas by his son Edmund
sirnamed Albanach from his birth in Scotland seeing the fair Estate of this family devolved upon Leonell Duke of Clarence by a female was much concerned and drawing together a great body of lewd fellows who are ever to be had in Ireland as well as in other places enter'd by main force upon the estate of the Earls of Munster in this County and from his Grandfather whose reputation and power was then still fresh in remembrance Maâââlâan ãâã calâââ Wiâââ Eughtâ call'd himself Mac-William i.e. the son of William His posterity under that title have tyranniz'd in these parts breaking in upon one another with mutual slaughter and oppressing the poor people by their rapine and pillage so that hardly a village is left standing and unrifled by them 33 Sir Richard Richard Bingham Governour of Conaught a sharp man and fit to rule over such a fierce Province thought this was not to be endured wisely perceiving that these practices were the causes of rebellion barbarism and poverty in Ireland and that they corrupted the people so much as to their Allegiance that they hardly knew or acknowledged any other Prince than their own Lords Accordingly he was resolv'd to employ his thoughts and the utmost of his abilities to re-establish the King's power and overthrow the tyranny of this Mac-William and others wherein he persever'd tho' complain'd of both before the Queen and the Lord Deputy The Burks and their dependents who denied the juridiction and authority of all Laws took up arms at last against him drawing to their assistance the Clan-Donells Ioies and others who were apprehensive of their own danger and the diminution of their authority However Bingham easily suppressed them forced their Castles and drove them to the woods and by-places till the Lord Deputy upon their Petition commanded him by his Letters to desist and permit them to live quietly And they who had but now broke the peace were so far from a sense of the miseries of war that they were no sooner restored and had their lives given them but they took up arms again made inroads into all parts of the Country and turn'd all things to confusion saying they would either have their Mac-William to rule over them or send for one out of Spain that they would admit no Sheriffs for the future nor subject themselves to Law so they invited the Scots from the Hebrides to their assistance with promises of great estates The Lord Deputy sent orders to the Governour to suppress this insolent tumult who immediately thereupon offer'd them terms which being rejected he drew an army together and press'd them so closely in the woods and forests that after six or seven weeks grievous famine they were forced to submit At the same time their reinforcement from Scotland was upon their march seeking their way into the County of Maio to joyn them by strange unbeaten roads however their motions were so well watched by the Governour who was night and day upon his march that at length at Ardnary he intercepted them set upon them and defeated them there being in all kill'd or drowned in the river Moin to the number of three thousand This victory was not only famous then but of great consequence to after times as having put an end to that rebellion and the title of Mac-William and cut off Donell Coran and Alexander Carrogh the sons of James Mac-Conell and those Islanders who had ever most sadly infested Ireland These things I have briefly related 34 Out of my Annals though beyond the precise scope of my design the worth of them will entitle them to more room and a fuller account in an Historian The County of SLEGO UP higher the County of Slego very fit for grazing by reason of the excellent grass it produces lyes full upon the Sea bounded on the North by the River Trobis which Ptolemy calls Ravius springing from the Lough Ern in Ulster It is divided from Letrim and Roscoman which border upon it by the rugged Curlew-mountains and the river Succas Somewhere in this County Ptolemy places the City of Nagnata Nagnata but for my part I am not able to discover it The same Authour has likewise the River Libnius Libnius in these parts which has been misplaced by a mistake of transcribers and a little above is reduced to Dublin But the place which Ptolemy points at is now called the Bay of Slego a creeky road for ships just under the town which is the chief in this County adorned with a castle now the seat of the a O-Connor Sligo O-Connors sirnamed de Slego from this place and descended as they say from that Rotheric O-Conor Dun who was so potent that when the English invaded Ireland he acted as Monarch of that Kingdom and would hardly submit to King Henry the second but was often recoiling though he had promised submission And as an anonymous writer of that age says he was wont to exclaim against these words of Pope Adrian in his Diploma to the King of England as injurious to him You may enter into that Island V. Dipl lib. 2. cap. 6. Giral Cambren de Expugnatione p. 787. and do any thing therein that will contribute to God's glory and the well-being of the Country and let the people of that Island receive you and respect you as their Lord. And this he continued to protest against till Pope Alexander the third made another Diploma confirming this right to the Kings of England For then he grew milder and willing to hear of other terms as we shall observe hereafter The greatest families in these parts besides the O-Conors are O-Dono b O-Hara O-Haris c O-Gara O-Ghar and Mac-Donagh The County of LETRIM NExt to Slego on the East lyes Breany ââeany the Estate of that ancient family O Rorck descended from Rotherick Monarch of Ireland whom they call Rorck after their way of contracting and enjoy'd by them till Brien O Rorck Lord of Breany and Minterolise was inveigled by Pope Sixtus Quintus and the King of Spain to cast off his allegiance to Queen Elizabeth and take up arms against her Upon which he was presently forc'd to seek refuge in Scotland from whence he was sent into England and there hang'd for his inconsiderate folly The estate being thus forfeited to the Crown this territory was reduced into a County by John Perrott and from the head town in it called Letrim This is a Highland County very rank in grass but not so much as to verifie that of Solinus Grass grows so plentifully in Ireland that the beasts are certainly surfeited if they are not hindered to feed now and then So many herds are kept in this narrow County that it has reckoned above a hundred and twenty thousand head of cattle at one time The Bishoprick of Achonry now united to the See of Elphin lyes in this County as also the spring head of the Shanon and chief river in Ireland which
castle given to him and to the heirs male of his body to hold of the Kings of England upon this condition that neither he his men nor posterity shall take up arms in behalf of any foreign Prince without licence that they should restrain their followers from depredations find 12 horsemen and 40 footmen at their own charges for 40 days together in time of war and pay every year a certain number of oxen and hawks to the Kings of England The County of COLRAN BEyond the Glinnes westward lies Krine now call'd a 'T is now the County of London-derry from the city of London-derry which was built and planted by the Londoners the County of Colran from the chief town in it bounded by the river Bann ãâã Bânn on one side and the Lough-Foile on the other and the County of Tir-Oen on the south This Bann is a very beautiful river as Giraldus says which indeed its very name intimates It rises out of the Mourne-hills in the County of Downe and emptying it self into the large lough of Eaugh or Sidney where it loses both it's self and name after thirty miles for so long this Lough is counted it receives it again by Tome castle From whence crown'd with wood on both sides it proudly runs by Glancolkein âââolââ which by reason of thick woods and unpassable bogs is a safe refuge for the Scotch Islanders and rebels as the English are sensible by their pursuit of Surley-boy who absconded here and so into the sea being the best stock'd with Salmon of any river in Europe by reason as some imagine of its clearness above all other rivers Salmons a quality with which that kind of fish are particularly delighted The Cahans are of greatest authority in these parts the chief of which family is O-Cahan O-Cahan who was reputed one of the greatest of those Potentates or Uraights Uraights as they term them that held of O-Neal tyrant of Ulster as being the person who in the barbarous election of O-Neal The election of O-Neal performed with barbarous ceremony upon a high hill in the open air has the honourable office of throwing a shoe over the head of the O Neal then chosen Yet his power is not so great as to restrain the Island-Scots The Island Scots who to save their own at home in the summer-time leave those barren and fruitless Islands where there 's nothing but want and beggery and come hither for provisions where they take all opportunities to raise or nourish rebellion so that it has been declared high-treason either to call them into Ireland or receive them in it 53 But this County without confining is escheated to the King who graciously purposing a civil plantation of those unreformed and waste parts is pleased to distribute the said lands to his civil subjects and the City of London hath undertaken to plant Colonies there The County of TIR-OEN UNder Calaran southward lies the County of Tir-Oen that is the land of Eugenius 54 Which name the Irish have contracted into Eogain and Oen. This is a midland County divided from Tir-Conell on the west by the river Liffer from the County of Antrim on the east by the Lough-Eaugh and from the County of Armagh on the south by Blackwater in Irish More which signifies the same thing Though it is somewhat rough and unpleasant yet is it fruitful and very large being sixty miles in length and thirty in breadth divided into the Upper Tir-Oen on the north Upper Tir-Oen and the Nether Tir-Oen on the south by the mountains of Slew-Gallen In this lies Cloghar Bishoprick of Cloghar Dunganon Barons of Dunganon a poor Bishoprick Dunganon the chief seat of the Earls which by the favour of Henry the eight gave the title of Baron to Matthew son to the first Earl of Tir-Oen The house is neater than is generally to be met with in this County but often burnt by the the Lord of it to save the enemy that trouble Next Ublogabell where O-Neal who with great pride and haughtiness king'd it in Ulster was wont to be crown'd after the barbarous custom of that Country Then the Fort at Blackwater Fort of Blackwater or the river More which hath sustained all the changes and chances that are in war being the only passage into this country the harbor of rebels But it has been neglected ever since the discovery of the other ford below which is defended by a fort on both sides built by Charles Montjoy Lord Deputy as he pursued the rebels in these parts At the same time he also made another Fort called from him Montjoy situated upon the Lough Eaugh Lough Sidney or Sidney as the souldiers in honour of Henry Sidney at this day call it which encloses the west-side of this shire and is either made or much enlarged by the river Bann as I have observed This Lough is very clear full of fish and very big being of thirty miles extent or thereabouts as the Poet says Dulci mentitur Nerea fluctu With his sweet water counterfeits the sea And considering the variety of appearances upon the banks the shady groves green meadows and rich corn fields when they meet with good husbandry as also the copling hills and pleasant brooks all contrived so agreeable and fine by nature they seem to upbraid the natives for letting things run thus wild and barbarous for want of industry In the Upper Tir-Oen Tir-Oen the upper stands Straban a noted castle inhabited since our times by Turlogh Leinigh of the family of the O-Neals who after the death of Shan O-Neal as I shall shew by and by was elected by the people and raised to the dignity of O-Neal The Castles of Ireland and some other castles of less note which like those in other parts of the Island are no more than towers with narrow * Foraminibus loop-holes rather than windows to which adjoins a hall made of turf and roofed over-head with thatch and a large yard fenced quite round with a ditch and hedge to defend their cattle from thieves But if this County is famous or eminent for any thing 't is for its Lords who have ruled as Kings or rather Tyrants over it of whom two have been Earls of Tir-Oen namely Conus O-Neale and Hugh his Grandchild by his son But when I treat of the Earls and Lords of Ulster I will speak more at large of these The County of DONEGALL or TIR-CONEL ALl that remains now in Ulster towards the north and south was inhabited by the Robogdii and Vennicnii At present this tract is called the County of Donegall or Tir-Conell that is as some interpret it the land of Cornelius and as others the land of Conall and accordingly Matianus calls it Conallea The County is in a manner all champagne and full of havens being bounded both on the north and west side by the sea on the east by the
side there is an ancient fort and a dwelling house built at the charge of the Chamberlans for the fee farm of the Isle was granted by Queen Elizabeth to G. Chamberlane son to Sir Leonard Chamberlane of Sâârburne in Oxfordshire when he recovered it from the French And under this fort the sand with violent drifts from the Northwest overlaid the land so that now it serveth thereabout most for comes is hardly seven miles from the promontory Le Hague in Normandy and about eight miles in compass The soil is rich and produces both grass and corn very well The Island contains one church and about eighty houses I need hardly take notice of a gyants tooth found here The Gyâââoorth ãâã civ ãâã l. 15. ãâã 9. which was full as big as a mans fist since St. Austin says he has seen one so large that it might be cut into a hundred teeth as big as any ordinary mans From hence there runs a ridge of high rocks for some way to the westward which 3 Which have their several Eddies and therefore are dreaded c. are dreaded by the mariners who call them the Quasquettes 4 Out of one of the which properly named Casquet there gusheth a most sweet spring of frâsh water to the great comfort of the Island fishermen beating up and down hereabout At these to remember incidently that the memory of a well-deserving Patriot may not perish the fleet which John Philipot Citizen of London set forth and manned at his own private charges had a glorious victory over a rabble of Pirates who impeached all traffick taking their Captain and fifteen Spanish ships that consorted with them Which worthy man also maintained 1020 Soldiers at his own pay for the defence of the Realm against the French who sore infested the southern coast in the beginning of the reign of King Richard the second to omit his great loans to the King and other good and laudable offices to his country Under these southward lies Caesarea Câsarea mentioned by Antoninus hardly twelve miles distant which the French havve contracted in pronouncing just as they have done Caesaris Burgus in Normandy and as the Spaniards Caesaraugusta in Spain for they call it Gearzey ââârsey as they do Cherburgh for Caesaris Burgum and as Saragosa is generally spoke for Caesaraugusta Gregorius Turonensis call it Insula Maris quod Constantiae civitati adjacet i.e. the Island of the sea that lyeth to the City Constantia and tells us how Praetextatus Bishop of Roan was confined here Thus Papirius Massonius calls it Insula littoris Constantini because it lies over-against Constantia an old City which seems to be called in Ammianus Castra Constantia âââra âonstanâââoritoâum and in former ages Moritonium for Robertus Montensis writes thus Comes Moritonii id est Constantiarum unless this be the gloss of the Librarian for Moritonium or Mortaigne as it is now call'd is more remote from the sea This Island is about thirty miles in compass and defended with rocks and quicksands which are shallow places dangerous for such as sail that way The soil is fertil so that the Isle has great plenty of fruit and good stocks of cattle and sheep many whereof carry b They have six horns three on each side one bent towards the nose another towards the neck and the third standing upright between the other two but these now are become very rare four horns The air is very wholesom the Inhabitants are subject to no distempers but * Agues Fevers and those in the month of September which therefore they call Settembers for this reason there are no Physitians to be found among them The Island affords very little fewel and therefore they use a sea-weed instead of wood which they term Uraic Uraic and which is supposed to be Pliny's Fucus marinus Fuâus Mârinus produced very plentifully in rocks and craggy Islands This being dried in the sun serves for fire and after it is burnt the ashes is as good as marle or dung for manuring the fields and fallows and does as much enrich them But they are not to gather this but in the spring and in the summer and then only on certain days appointed by the Magistrate And at the times allowed they repair with their Cars to the shore or in boats to the neighbouring rocks with great joy and readiness However the poor people are permitted to take up all that the sea casts up of it for their own uses The midland part of this Isle is somewhat high and mountainous but the valleys under these hills are finely watered with brooks and very pleasant being planted with fruit-trees but apple-trees especially of which they make Cyder The villages stand thick and make in all twelve parishes which have the advantage of many fine creeks for ships the securest of which is that on the south-side of the Island S Hilarius between the towns of S. Hilary and S. Albans which harbour has also a little Isle belonging to it and therein a garison that cuts off all manner of access S. Hilary Bishop of Poictiers that was banished hither is said to be buried here For the town which is dedicated to his name lies just over-against the Island and is reckoned the chief both because of its trade and market and also upon the account of a Court of Justice which is fixed here On the east-side where it looks towards the City Constantia over-against it stands a very strong castle situated upon a steep rock called by the proud name of Mont-Orgueil repaired by Henry the 5th Mont Oâgueâ ãâã iâ to say A p oud thiââ and commanded by the Governor of the Isle who was formerly stil'd The Keeper of the Isle and in Henry the 3d's time had a yearly Salary of 200 l. On the south but at greater distance lies S. Malo which takes this new name from Maclovius a man of great piety being formerly called the city Diablintum and Aletum Aletum in the old Notitia for in a Manuscript of Isiodorus Mercator it is expressly read Civitas Diablintum quae alio nomine Aletum i e The City Diablintum otherwise called Aletum The people apply themselves to fishing but especially to Agriculture The women make great gain by knitting hose which they call Gersey Stockes As for the State and Polity of this Isle whoever the King of England sends to govern it is the supream Magistrate He substitutes a Bailiff who with twelve Jurors chosen out of each parish by their respective parishioners to sit and assist him has the trial of pleas In capital causes he 's to have seven of these assessors with him in civil three only c A very particular account of the Island of Jersey is lately publish'd by Mr. Philip Falle Rector of S. Saviour in that Island Twenty miles north west of this lies another Island which Antoninus calls Sarnia Sarnia and we
ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã Old Time moves slowly though he knows no stay And steals our voices as he creeps away Unseen himself he hides from mortal view Things that are seen and things unseen does shew However I comfort my self with that Distich of Mimnermus which I know by experience to be true ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã Oblectes animum plebs est morosa legendo Ille benè de te dicet at ille malè E'en rest contented for thou l't ever find Thy labours some will blame and some commend The Preface to the Annals of Ireland AS the Press had got thus far the most honourable William Lord Howard of Naworth out of his great Zeal for promoting the Knowledge of Antiquity communicated to me the Annals of Ireland in MS. reaching from the Year 1152. to the Year 1370. And seeing there is nothing extant that I know of more perfect in this kind since Giraldus Cambrensis and the excellent Owner has given me leave I think it very proper to publish them The World is without doubt as much indebted to the Owner for preserving them as to the Author himself for writing them The Stile is rough and barren according to the Age it was writ in yet the Contents give great Light into the Irish History and would have been helpful to me if I had had the use of them sooner As they are I here present them to the Reader faithfully copied exactly from the Original even with the Errors if he has any thing of this nature more perfect I hope he 'll communicate it if not he must be content with this till some one or other will give us a more compleat account of these Affairs and continue it down to the present Time with mâr eleg ance a Work of no great Difficulty THE ANNALS of IRELAND IN the Year of our Lord MCLXII died Gregory the first Archbishop of Dublin a worthy Person in all respects and was succeeded by Laurence O Thothil Abbat of S. Kemnus de Glindelagh a pious Man Thomas was made Archbishop of Canterbury MCLXVI Rothericke O Conghir Prince of Conaught was made King and Monarch of Ireland MCLXVII Died Maud the Empess This Year Almarick King of Jerusalem took Babylon and Dermic Mac Morrogh Prince of Leinster while O Rork King of Meth was employed in a certain expedition carried away his Wife who suffer'd her self to be ravish'd with no great difficulty For she gave him an Opportunity to take her as we find in Cambrensis MCLXVIII Donate King of Uriel founder of Mellifont Abby departed this Life This year Robert Fitz Stephens neither unmindful of his promise nor regardless of his faith came into Ireland with thirty * Militibus Knights MCLXIX Richard Earl of Strogul sent a certain young Gentleman of his own family nam'd Remund into Ireland with ten Knights about the Kalends of May. The same Earl Richard this year attended with about 200 Knights and others to the number of a thousand or thereabouts arriv'd here on S. Bartholomew's eve This Richard was the son of Gilbert Earl of Stroghul that is Chippestow formerly Strogul and of Isabel Aunt by the Mother's side to K. Malcolm and William King of Scotland and Earl David a hopeful man and the morrow after the same Apostle's day they took the said City where Eva Dermick's daughter was lawfully married to Earl Richard and her Father gave her MCLXX. S. Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury suffer'd martyrdom This same year the City of Dublin was taken by Earl Richard and his party and the Abby de Castro Dei i. of God's Castle was founded MCLXXI Died Dermick Mac Morrah of a great age at Fernys about the Calends of May. MCLXXII The Valiant King Henry arriv'd at Waterford with 500 Knights and among other things bestow'd Meth upon * Dominus Sir Hugh Lacy. The Abbey de Fonte vivo was founded this year MCLXXIV Gelasius Archbishop of Armagh the first Primate of Ireland a pious man died at a great age He is said to have âeen the first Archbishop that wore the Pall His Predecessors were only titular Archbishops and Primates in reverence and honour to S. Patrick the Apostle of this Nation whose See was so much esteem'd by all men that not only Bishops and Priests and those of the Clergy submitted themselves to the Bishop but Kings and Princes Gilbert a Prelate of great worth succeeded him in the Archbishoprick MCLXXV William King of Scots was taken prisoner at Alnwick MCLXXVI Bertram Verdon founded the Abbey of Crokesdenne MCLXXVII Earl Richard died at Dublin about the Kalends of May and was buried in Trinity Church there This year Vivian a Cardinal call'd from S. Stephens in the Mount Caellius was sent Legat of the Apostolick See into Ireland by Pope Alexander MCLXXVIII On the ninth of the Kalends of December the Abby de Samaria was founded This same year Rose Vale that is to say Rossglass was founded MCLXXIX Miles Cogan and Ralph the son of Fitz-Stephen his Daughter's Husband were slain between Waterford and Lismore c. as we read in Cambrensis The same year Harvie Mont Marish enter'd into the Monastery of S. Trinity in Canterbury who founded the Monastery of Mary de Portu i.e. of Don Broth. MCLXXX Was founded the Abby of the Quire of Benedict and also the Abby of Geripount This Year Laurence Archbishop of Dublin on the 18th of the Kalends of December died happily in Normandy within the Church of S. Mary of Aux After him succeeded John Cumin an Englishman born at Evesham elected unanimously by the Clergy of Dublin the King himself stickling for him and was confirm'd by the Pope This John built S. Patrick's Church at Dublin MCLXXXIII Was confirm'd the Order of the Templers and Hospitallers and the Abby De Lege Dei was founded MCLXXXV John the King's Son made Lord of Ireland by his father came into Ireland in the 12th year of his age which was the 13th since his father's first coming the 15th since the arrival of Fitz-Stephens and the 14th since the coming of Earl Richard and return'd again in the same 15th year of his Age. MCLXXXVI Was confirm'd the Order of the Carthusians and the Grandians This year Hugh Lacy was kill'd treacherously at Dervath by an Irishman because the said Hugh intended to build a Castle there and as he was shewing an Irishman how to work with a Pick-ax and bow'd himself down forwards the Irishman struck off his Head with an Axe and so the Conquest ended The same year Christian Bishop of Lismore formerly Legat of Ireland who copied those vertues which he had both seen and heard eminent in his pious Father S. Bernard and Pope Eugenius a venerable person with whom he liv'd in the Probatory of of Clareval and by whom he was made Legat of Ireland after his Obedience perform'd in the Monastery of Kyrieleyson happily departed this Life Jerusalem and our Lord's Cross was taken by the Sultan and the Saracens
Ansly 722. Anthony a Town 10. Antiocheis 65. Antiochus 156. ANTIVESTAEVM Promontorium 5. ANTONA 275 431 432 440. Antonia 235. Antoninus Pius lxviii 703 704 705. Caracalla lxxii Antport 116. Antrim County of 1015. Antrum an Island in Gaul 707. Apelby 806 812. Apenninus xx Apennine Mount 278. English 771 791 805 809. Apewood-Castle 536. Aplederham 103. Apledor-Castle 177. Apledore 212 223. Apleton-Nun 735. ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã xxi Apollo Grannus 897. An Apostolical Earl 76. Apotheosis lxxi 786. April call'd Easter-month cxxx Apseley-Gise 235. Apthorp 438. AQVAE SOLIS 69. Aquila 48 173 174 175. Ara what 503 710. Araris 710. ARBEIA vid. Ierby Arca 357. Archbishop of Canterbury 's Suffragan 204. Arch-deacon G. 577. Arch-deaconries clxx Arch-deacons 29 777. Archevesque 33. Archibald Duglass Earl of Angus 896 910. Archigubernus lxviii Architrenius 27. Arcoll 546. Arcubus W. de 773. Ardart 977. Arden 232 503. Ardenburg 503. Ardens ibid. Ardens 503. Arderns 557. Ardes 1013 1014. Ardeth 1009. Ardmanoch 945. Ardmor 981. Ardoch 951. Ardudwy 650 655 951. Ardulph 791. Arduthie 953. Are 710. Areans 839. Arfastus 383. Argenton Rich. de 367. David de 294. Argentons 294 375 407. Argetoooxus 928. Argile 931. Earls of 892 9â2 934. Argita fl 1020. Arglus 1014. Argonauts 932. Arianism first in England lxxix ARICONIVM 575 579. Arith 22. Arklo Lords thereof 992. Arksey 724. Ar-lech what 655. Arlington 294 327 375 407. Armagh County and City 1011. Armanthwaite 831. Arme 1110. Armed Knight a Rock 20. Armigeri clxxxiii Armitage 905. Armorica xx xxiii xxxi cvi Armorici 649. Armoricans 2. Armaturae 835. Arms and Instruments of Brass where found 6 663 664 672. Arondel 10 181. Arondele 10. Arran 913 1001. Earls of 913. Arrow 503 504 513. Arsia Baron of 253. Arsony Treason 983. Artabri in Spain whence call'd 977. King Arthur 11 59 66 70 120 125 205 529 600 790 818 898 921. Arthur Plantagenet 33 139. Arthur Prince 519 696. Artificial Rocks 95. Artois Blanch of 797. Arvandus 117 118 129 130. Arverni 650. Arviragus lxiv xciii 205 234. Arun 169. Arundels 33 50 90 161 163 165 169 170 179 181 384 431 548. Arundel-Forest 179. Arvonia 663. Arwenack 7. Arwerton 371 513. Arwystili Lords of 653. St. Asaph 687. Ascot 281. Aselli a Constellation 120. Aserby 476. Ashburne 491. Ashburnham 176 182. Ashburton 37. Ashbury 138. Park 150. Ashby St. Leger 432. de la Zouch 444 454. Ashcoughs 472 479. Ashdown 343. Forest 179. Ashele Manor 393. Ashellwell-thorp 384. Asheridge 279. Ashford 197. Ashley Ant. Earl of Shaftsbury 54. Ashleys 50. Ashmole Elias 275. Ashted 165. Ashwell 289 293 403. Ashwood-Heath 537. Ask a Saxon 729. Askeadnith 952. Askerton 835. Askes 761. Aslakton 488. Aspeley-Gowiz 288. Asphaltites a Lake 543. Assenshire 947. Asserius 257. Astalbridge 271. Astalby ib. Astbury 562. Asteley-Castle 507. Asteleys 507. Astleys 529. Aston 724 789. Aston-Steeple 269. Aston Tho. 547. Astons 531. Astroites 466 599. Astures 573 778 834 852. Asturians 501. Astwell 429. Asylum 772. At-Court 634. Aterith 1002. Aterton 789. Athanasius 556. ATHANATON 200. Athelfled 123. Athelm 169. Athelney 61. Athelstan xiii 30 156 173 174 195 213 222 223 269 339 576 720 738 772 862. Athelstanford 896. Athelwold 125 407 408. Atheney Ph. de 357. Athenry Barony 1010. Atherston 507 774. Athie 990. Athol infamous for Witches 935. Athlone 1007. Athol J. Earl of 196. Atkyns Sir Robert 250. Atlynge 396. Aton 901. Attacotti lxxx cxxi Attal-Sarisin leavings of the Saracens 3 Attilborough 385 396. Attilbridge 385. Atton 754. Attons 755 775. ATTREBATII 137. Attrech 137. Att-Scarre 760. Aubigny 120 384. Aubrey Joh. 163 168 211 618 637. Sir John 615. Aubreys 590. Aubley Baron of 531 633. Aubury 111. Auckford 49 54. Audeville W. 521. Audley-end 352. Audley Tho. 333. Hugh 192 237 242. James Lord 531 532 538. Sir Tho. 333. Audleys 239 531 545 790 1014. Audre 409. Audry 410. Aveling 250 Avellina 36 742. Avenmore 980. Avensbury Th. 834. Aventon 233 245. AVFONA 429 431. Augusta the second Roman Legion 202. AVGVSTA a Name of London 310 313. a most honourable Title ib. Augustin the Monk See Austin Augustine 202 556. AVGVSTORITVM 403. Augustus whether ever in Britain xliii Avis 566 742. Aukland 775 783. Auldby 736. Aulerton 489. Aulre 60. Aulton 123 132 193 534. Aultrick 527 Aulus Plautius xliv 231 284 307 308 347 704. Aunsby 476. Aurelius Ambrosius cxxi cxxiii 114 706. Asclepiodatus 312. Aureval Roger de 124. Averhem or Aram 484. Avon 38 69 101 238 431 440 613 669. Avonog 645. Auranches 209. Henry of 492. Ausley-Castle 506. AVSOBA fl 1001. Ausonius 780. Aust 237. Austin de Baa 32. Austin the English Apostle cxxxi 197 198 200 221 315 410 522 AVTERI 1002. Aw fl 952. Awn 983. Awtenbury 424. Ax fl 33 AXELODVNVM 854. AXANTOS 1113. Axey 473. Axholme Island 473. its extent ib. Axminster 33. Axmouth 40. Axones cxxiv Aylesford 193 218. B. BAbbingley 391 401. Babham 's end 144. Bablac 252. Babthorpe 736 737. Backwell 78. Baclughs a Family 905. Bacon Lord Verulam 301 305 315 Bacon Sir Nicholas 369. Bacons 371 374. Baconthorp 390. John ibid. Badbury 50 55. Hill 101. Baddeley 560. Baddesley 504. Bade and Baden what 494. Badew Richard 404 413. Badilfmere Baron of 88 458 192 197 Badin-hill 983. Badminton-great 248. Badon-hill 70. Bagginton 501. Bagmere-lake 562. Bagnal Nic. 1013. Bagnals 1014. Bagotts 501 533 539. Bromley 539. Baileries and Balives their Original 912 Bainard 's a Noble Family 88 120 313 314 345. Bainbrigg 807 813. Bainham 233. Baint 759. Baintbrig cottages ib. Bainton 751. Baintons 88. Baise 295. Bakers 212. Bakewell 494 497. Bala 662 656. Bala-curi 1051. Baldach 575. Baldock 293. Baldred 187 213. Baldwin 34 35 40 160 280 372 650 Balineum for Balneum 761 763. Balin-Tobar 1006. Baliol John 260 270. Sir Alex. 195. Balisford 175. Balista a Robber 588. Balliol 773. Hugh 855. Ballistae 672. Balrodry Barony 993. Balshal 502 504. Balsham 404 406 412 413 414. Baltarbet 1009. Baltingglass 990. Balvenie 955. Balun 598 604. Bamff 944 955. Bampfield 30. Bampton 35 42 817. John de 42. Ban fl 1013 1017. BANATIA 944. Banburrow 860. Banbury 255 256 270. Banchor 556 568 590 1015. Bancroft Arch-bishop of Cant. 200. Ban-dogs 323. Bangor 556 568 690 693 651. Banks Sir John 841. Banks 49 50. Bankyir 959. BANNAVENNA 432 433 444. Bannerets clxxix Bannomanna 964. Banock-bourn 922. Banquo a noted Thane 945. Bany a River 979. Baptism 841. Baramdowne 205. Barbacan 322. Barbury-castle 112. Bapchiâd 218. Barden-Tower 713. Bards xvi 1021. Bardney 470. Bardolphs 160 393 483. Barelinck 58. Barford 512. Bariden fl 385. Barker 250. Barking 342. Barkley 74 235 236 238 247 373 447 486. Barklow 352. Barkney-Manour 293. BARKSHIRE 137 149 Earls of 152. Barleys 293. Barlow Bishop 273 811. Barnwell 405 432 996 997. Barodon 455. Barons and Barony clxxv 542 847. Barons in Scotland 892. Barray 1071. Barrington Sir John 746. Barrow-old 526. Dr. Isaac 414. Hill 537. Barrows what 352. Barrow fl