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a_o continual_a seminary_n wherein_o be_v educate_v and_o bring_v up_o many_o of_o those_o labourer_n who_o cultivate_v not_o only_a china_n and_o giappon_n but_o also_o all_o other_o christianities_n of_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n it_o be_v also_o a_o sanctuary_n and_o place_n of_o refuge_n where_o in_o time_n of_o trouble_n and_o persecution_n they_o may_v all_o shelter_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o another_o moab_n be_v upon_o all_o occasion_n refugium_fw-la à _fw-la facie_n vastatoris_fw-la one_o of_o the_o convent_v of_o this_o city_n be_v a_o college_n belong_v to_o our_o society_n there_o be_v common_o between_o threescore_o and_o fourscore_o person_n in_o it_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o person_n they_o receive_v or_o send_v away_o for_o all_o mission_n be_v furnish_v out_o of_o they_o their_o number_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o uncertain_a there_o be_v in_o that_o college_n two_o lecture_n in_o divinity_n one_o of_o case_n of_o 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different_a from_o our_o europe_n in_o language_n custom_n conversation_n diet_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o ordinary_a neither_o can_v they_o be_v few_o but_o those_o in_o the_o mission_n of_o china_n do_v far_o exceed_v all_o other_o the_o language_n seem_v more_o difficult_a than_o any_o in_o the_o world_n be_v all_o of_o monosyllable_n curt_a and_o aequivocall_a and_o in_o this_o difficulty_n the_o father_n be_v without_o any_o master_n to_o teach_v they_o without_o any_o interpreter_n to_o explain_v what_o be_v say_v to_o they_o so_o that_o they_o neither_o understand_v other_o nor_o other_o they_o but_o by_o force_n of_o diligence_n and_o unwearied_a pain_n they_o go_v on_o conquer_a and_o gain_v ground_n and_o although_o they_o never_o arrive_v at_o any_o perfection_n in_o the_o language_n or_o good_a accent_n in_o pronounce_v it_o yet_o they_o discover_v the_o mystery_n of_o that_o tongue_n and_o set_v they_o down_o in_o so_o plain_a a_o form_n that_o they_o make_v it_o much_o more_o easy_a for_o those_o who_o come_v after_o they_o to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o painful_a study_n of_o their_o letter_n which_o of_o itself_o alone_o be_v a_o business_n of_o incredible_a labour_n they_o be_v so_o many_o and_o so_o various_a and_o in_o this_o mission_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v do_v in_o other_o the_o father_n do_v study_v they_o all_o with_o so_o much_o diligence_n that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o learned_a to_o write_v and_o to_o read_v their_o book_n very_o perfect_o but_o do_v also_o compose_v other_o themselves_o and_o have_v of_o late_o publish_v many_o to_o the_o great_a advancement_n of_o christianity_n and_o in_o truth_n the_o father_n in_o china_n do_v just_o deserve_v this_o praise_n that_o that_o language_n be_v so_o hard_o and_o they_o have_v the_o letter_n too_o to_o be_v study_v which_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a yet_o they_o do_v speak_v that_o language_n much_o better_a than_o any_o other_o do_v those_o of_o their_o mission_n for_o of_o 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this_o be_v do_v than_o he_o resolve_v to_o display_v his_o banner_n and_o ensign_n in_o so_o pious_a a_o cause_n as_o the_o drive_v out_o the_o common_a enemy_n from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o under_o this_o pretext_n they_o will_v all_o have_v follow_v help_v and_o even_o adore_v he_o as_o their_o saviour_n it_o be_v therefore_o evident_a that_o he_o have_v secret_a correspondence_n with_o the_o tartar_n and_o that_o he_o favour_v they_o for_o his_o own_o profit_n and_o that_o which_o make_v the_o business_n more_o suspicious_a be_v that_o at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o tartar_n make_v their_o irruption_n into_o fokien_n he_o be_v then_o declare_v lord_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o the_o general_n commander_n and_o soldier_n be_v either_o of_o his_o affinity_n or_o whole_o at_o his_o command_n and_o obedience_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o tartar_n find_v a_o easy_a admittance_n into_o the_o country_n of_o fokien_n of_o which_o they_o present_o make_v he_o king_n pingnan_n as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v pacifier_n of_o the_o south_n and_o they_o add_v many_o other_o dignity_n art_n and_o office_n of_o trust_n that_o they_o may_v more_o specious_o illude_v he_o for_o either_o they_o know_v his_o aspire_a mind_n or_o else_o his_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n be_v suspicious_a and_o formidable_a to_o they_o but_o yet_o all_o the_o while_n that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o tartar_n remain_v in_o fokien_n they_o never_o express_v the_o least_o diffidence_n in_o he_o but_o both_o with_o favour_n courtesy_n present_n and_o honour_n they_o study_v how_o further_o to_o engage_v he_o and_o promise_v he_o the_o government_n of_o many_o more_o province_n he_o make_v himself_o therefore_o secure_a of_o the_o government_n of_o all_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o all_o happen_v quite_o contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n for_o when_o this_o general_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v observe_v as_o a_o little_a king_n be_v to_o depart_v to_o peking_n the_o custom_n be_v for_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o conduct_v he_o for_o some_o part_n of_o his_o journey_n to_o give_v he_o a_o honourable_a farewell_n which_o last_o duty_n of_o civility_n iquan_n can_v not_o handsome_o avoid_v nor_o indeed_o have_v he_o any_o reason_n to_o be_v diffident_a in_o he_o so_o as_o he_o leave_v his_o navy_n in_o the_o port_n of_o eocheu_fw-la and_o accompany_v the_o royolet_n with_o great_a splendour_n and_o magnificence_n but_o when_o he_o come_v to_o take_v leave_n and_o demand_v licence_n to_o return_v the_o general_n of_o the_o tartar_n invite_v he_o a_o long_a to_o peking_n where_o he_o promise_v he_o yet_o great_a honour_n from_o the_o king_n own_o person_n to_o reward_v his_o merit_n he_o endeavour_v by_o all_o imaginable_a impediment_n to_o excuse_v this_o journey_n but_o nothing_o be_v accept_v he_o be_v force_v by_o their_o kindness_n to_o accompany_v they_o to_o peking_n and_o so_o he_o be_v take_v by_o art_n who_o by_o arm_n seem_v insuperable_a he_o be_v yet_o detain_v in_o prison_n in_o peking_n because_o his_o brother_n and_o kindred_n hear_v of_o his_o captivity_n present_o seize_v on_o the_o fleet_n with_o which_o they_o have_v much_o infest_a china_n as_o we_o shall_v touch_v hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o other_o army_n which_o have_v pass_v the_o mediterranean_a province_n of_o huquang_n quangsi_n kiansi_fw-la and_o quamgtung_n invade_v the_o country_n of_o quangsi_n but_o here_o it_o be_v that_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o tartar_n which_o hitherto_o be_v hold_v invincible_a be_v show_v to_o beweak_n &_o where_o they_o least_o expect_a opposition_n there_o they_o find_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o conquest_n it_o happen_v that_o in_o this_o province_n of_o quangsi_n the_o viceroy_n call_v khiu_n thomas_n be_v a_o christian_a and_o also_o all_o the_o militia_n of_o that_o country_n be_v command_v by_o ching_n lucas_n who_o family_n for_o five_o generation_n have_v serve_v the_o emperor_n of_o china_n with_o as_o much_o constancy_n and_o fidelity_n as_o they_o do_v christ._n these_o two_o have_v gather_v many_o together_o which_o flee_v from_o all_o part_n into_o quangsi_n after_o the_o tartar_n have_v take_v many_o place_n in_o the_o country_n overthrow_v the_o tartarian_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n and_o pass_v into_o the_o confine_a province_n of_o quamgtung_n they_o recover_v all_o the_o western_a part_n of_o it_o after_o this_o that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o head_n to_o fight_v for_o and_o who_o may_v command_v and_o govern_v they_o in_o all_o occurrence_n and_o withal_o to_o draw_v the_o mind_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o chinese_n to_o the_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o country_n know_v that_o in_o the_o city_n of_o queilin_n which_o be_v the_o head_n city_n of_o quangsi_n china_n there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o taiminge_n family_n live_v who_o be_v nephew_n to_o the_o great_a vanleius_fw-la they_o elect_v he_o emperor_n and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o jungley_n this_o prince_n fix_v his_o imperial_a seat_n in_o the_o noble_a city_n of_o chatk_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quamgtung_n and_o hitherto_o have_v fight_v several_a time_n with_o the_o tartar_n with_o good_a success_n and_o in_o this_o prince_n court_n the_o chief_a euncuh_o call_v pang_n acbilleus_fw-la be_v the_o great_a favourite_n and_o a_o great_a servant_n of_o christ_n who_o he_o have_v long_o profess_v sincere_o to_o worship_n both_o by_o word_n and_o deed_n for_o to_o propagate_v christianity_n he_o have_v ever_o maintain_v a_o mission_n of_o jesuit_n about_o he_o by_o who_o painful_a endeavour_n many_o have_v embrace_v the_o faith_n of_o christ._n and_o among_o other_o the_o very_a mother_n of_o this_o emperor_n his_o wife_n and_o his_o elder_a son_n christian._n heir_n of_o the_o empire_n call_v constantin_n do_v all_o embrace_n christianity_n may_v this_o man_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o all_o christian_n prove_v another_o constantine_n to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n the_o emperor_n himself_o be_v not_o averse_a from_o christianity_n but_o hitherto_o he_o have_v defer_v his_o baptism_n but_o yet_o he_o permit_v his_o wife_n to_o send_v a_o father_n of_o the_o society_n to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o sea_n apostolic_a as_o all_o europe_n have_v hear_v god_n of_o his_o goodness_n grant_v he_o that_o felicity_n which_o may_v redound_v to_o the_o universal_a good_a of_o china_n and_o god_n great_a glory_n but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o in_o quangsi_n that_o the_o chineses_n begin_v to_o resume_v their_o courage_n fokien_n but_o in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n also_o for_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o tartarian_a army_n call_v back_o to_o peking_n but_o a_o petty_a heathen_a priest_n break_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o fokien_n with_o a_o band_n of_o seditious_a fellow_n and_o subdue_a the_o tartarian_a garrison_n take_v the_o fair_a city_n of_o kienning_n and_o many_o other_o from_o their_o subjection_n and_o other_o which_o lie_v lurk_v in_o the_o mountain_n follow_v his_o example_n recover_v also_o many_o other_o city_n about_o which_o time_n also_o the_o friend_n and_o kindred_n of_o the_o captive_a iquon_n do_v extreme_o infest_v the_o sea_n and_o make_v descent_n upon_o the_o land_n vex_v the_o province_n extreme_o about_o the_o quarter_n of_o sivencheu_o and_o changcheu_fw-la at_o this_o time_n a_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o tartarian_n viceroy_n of_o two_o province_n be_v at_o cheksang_n who_o hear_v of_o these_o commotion_n come_v present_o by_o night_n in_o great_a haste_n with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v make_v towards_o the_o mountain_n of_o fokien_n for_o he_o with_o reason_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v take_v possession_n of_o the_o passage_n of_o those_o place_n which_o if_o they_o have_v do_v the_o whole_a province_n have_v be_v regained_n but_o when_o this_o viceroy_n call_v changus_n find_v the_o mountain_n and_o passage_n clear_a &_o no_o opposition_n make_v in_o such_o difficult_a place_n he_o then_o proclaim_v himself_o victorious_a and_o his_o enemy_n perfidious_a rebel_n wherefore_o come_v without_o resistance_n into_o the_o country_n vain_a he_o besiege_v the_o city_n kienning_n which_o be_v defend_v by_o vangus_n this_o siege_n hold_v some_o week_n but_o he_o never_o can_v take_v the_o place_n by_o force_n and_o therefore_o have_v lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n by_o assault_n he_o judge_v it_o best_o rather_o to_o block_n up_o the_o place_n afar_o off_o than_o to_o besiege_v it_o so_o close_a and_o near_o but_o yet_o by_o this_o he_o hinder_v other_o force_n from_o join_v with_o vangus_n so_o that_o he_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o sally_v out_o upon_o they_o when_o the_o noise_n of_o these_o commotion_n come_v to_o peking_n the_o emperor_n present_o send_v a_o new_a supply_n to_o appease_v these_o tumult_n and_o this_o fresh_a army_n come_v to_o join_v
the_o history_n of_o that_o great_a and_o renown_a monarchy_n of_o china_n wherein_o all_o the_o particular_a province_n be_v accurate_o describe_v as_o also_o the_o disposition_n manner_n learning_n law_n militia_n government_n and_o religion_n of_o the_o people_n together_o with_o the_o traffic_n and_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n late_o write_v in_o italian_a by_o f._n alvarez_n semedo_n a_o portughess_n after_o he_o have_v reside_v twenty_o two_o year_n at_o the_o court_n and_o other_o famous_a city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n now_o put_v into_o english_a by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o illustrate_v with_o several_a map_n and_o figure_n to_o satisfy_v the_o curious_a and_o advance_v the_o trade_n of_o great_a britain_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o history_n of_o the_o late_a invasion_n and_o conquest_n of_o that_o flourish_a kingdom_n by_o the_o tartar_n with_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o other_o affair_n of_o china_n till_o these_o present_a time_n london_n print_v by_o e._n tyler_n for_o john_n crook_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o s._n paul_n churchyard_n 1655._o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n courteous_a reader_n i_o present_v thou_o with_o that_o long_o expect_v most_o exact_a history_n of_o the_o law_n government_n manner_n and_o present_a state_n and_o condition_n of_o that_o great_a monarchy_n of_o china_n in_o its_o circuit_n little_o less_o than_o all_o europe_n heretofore_o as_o zealous_a of_o its_o rare_a treasure_n shut_v and_o lock_v up_o from_o the_o curious_a eye_n of_o stranger_n so_o that_o this_o book_n first_o yield_v to_o thou_o a_o full_a discovery_n thereof_o &_o i_o dare_v say_v the_o most_o valuable_a that_o this_o our_o world_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o since_o that_o of_o america_n whereby_o now_o the_o further_a east_n as_o well_o as_o west_n be_v disclose_v and_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o present_a age_n for_o as_o for_o some_o former_a relation_n thou_o may_v have_v see_v thereof_o thou_o will_v by_o this_o discern_v they_o to_o be_v as_o fabulous_a as_o they_o be_v compendious_a and_o imperfect_a it_o be_v write_v by_o one_o who_o after_o first_o a_o strict_a education_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o learning_n for_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n space_n live_v in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v resident_a at_o the_o court_n and_o in_o the_o great_a city_n thereof_o and_o in_o all_o that_o time_n as_o design_v such_o a_o work_n be_v a_o diligent_a observator_fw-la and_o collector_n of_o all_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n as_o likewise_o after_o much_o pain_n take_v in_o the_o language_n a_o great_a student_n of_o their_o history_n and_o write_n who_o laborious_a work_n after_o it_o have_v already_o be_v clothe_v in_o many_o other_o language_n beside_o the_o author_n and_o welcom_o entertain_v in_o most_o state_n of_o europe_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a no_o long_o to_o be_v conceal_v to_o a_o nation_n either_o for_o curiosity_n of_o knowledge_n or_o industry_n of_o foreign_a commerce_n no_o way_n yield_v to_o her_o neighbour_n the_o variety_n of_o the_o subject_n handle_v therein_o be_v so_o great_a as_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o that_o nation_n their_o politic_n economic_n science_n mechanic_n riches_n merchandise_n etc._n etc._n that_o those_o of_o whatsoever_o profession_n may_v reap_v no_o small_a benefit_n in_o read_v the_o design_n management_n and_o practice_n therein_o of_o so_o ingenious_a a_o people_n who_o manner_n also_o as_o their_o site_n be_v so_o remote_a and_o different_a in_o most_o thing_n from_o we_o that_o i_o may_v say_v in_o this_o piece_n be_v happy_o unite_v with_o the_o truth_n of_o history_n the_o delight_n of_o a_o romance_n where_o it_o will_v be_v no_o small_a pleasure_n to_o thou_o to_o see_v their_o brain_n as_o well_o as_o their_o body_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o several_a mould_n from_o the_o european_n and_o their_o invention_n in_o many_o thing_n to_o walk_v antipode_n to_o we_o and_o yet_o in_o these_o no_o way_n below_o we_o but_o in_o many_o superior_a or_o what_o in_o they_o appear_v less_o complete_a yet_o will_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o not_o be_v ungrateful_a unto_o thou_o because_o it_o be_v new_a and_o singular_a as_o for_o many_o moral_a virtue_n thou_o will_v find_v they_o so_o far_o to_o transcend_v we_o therein_o that_o they_o may_v be_v propose_v as_o a_o excellent_a pattern_n as_o also_o they_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o christian_a state_n last_o to_o correct_v and_o reform_v any_o their_o defect_n and_o make_v the_o nation_n perfect_o happy_a the_o light_n of_o christianity_n have_v of_o late_o visit_v this_o people_n who_o sit_v in_o darkness_n so_o that_o now_o after_o america_n also_o enlighten_v there_o be_v no_o end_n of_o the_o world_n leave_v wherinto_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v not_o go_v forth_o the_o foundation_n of_o which_o be_v there_o already_o lay_v there_o be_v great_a hope_n that_o it_o may_v soon_o come_v to_o a_o full_a purity_n reformation_n &_o perfection_n &_o the_o indefatigable_a pain_n &_o undaunted_a courage_n of_o those_o laborer_n who_o cultivate_v it_o in_o the_o east_n provoke_v a_o great_a diligence_n andemulation_n therein_o in_o our_o planter_n in_o the_o west_n where_o the_o gospel_n as_o follow_v a_o conquest_n may_v be_v advance_v both_o with_o much_o more_o safety_n and_o authority_n to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o have_v add_v the_o history_n of_o the_o tartarian_a invasian_n of_o china_n much_o enlarge_v &_o free_v from_o divers_a errata_n of_o the_o former_a edition_n which_o give_v thou_o a_o account_n of_o the_o chinesse_n affair_n till_o the_o year_n 1653._o reader_n thus_o much_o i_o think_v good_a to_o advertise_v thou_o in_o the_o front_n of_o this_o book_n that_o thou_o may_v not_o be_v so_o great_a a_o hindrance_n to_o thyself_o as_o not_o to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o so_o curious_a and_o beneficial_a a_o discourse_n farewell_n the_o preface_n who_o write_v of_o thing_n far_o remote_a do_v almost_o always_o incur_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o many_o and_o those_o no_o small_a defect_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o see_v many_o book_n who_o author_n for_o their_o personal_a quality_n may_v deserve_v more_o credit_n than_o may_v just_o be_v give_v to_o their_o writing_n as_o for_o those_o who_o have_v write_v of_o china_n i_o have_v peruse_v some_o of_o they_o who_o leave_v in_o oblivion_n almost_o all_o truth_n take_v the_o liberty_n to_o wander_v in_o discourse_n altogether_o fabulous_a for_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o remote_a and_o have_v always_o with_o much_o care_n avoid_v all_o communication_n with_o stranger_n reserve_v only_o to_o themselves_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o own_o affair_n with_o a_o most_o particular_a caution_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o nothing_o be_v know_v without_o the_o confine_n thereof_o but_o what_o do_v as_o it_o be_v overflow_v into_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o country_n of_o cantone_n a_o part_n of_o this_o empire_n whither_o the_o portughese_n have_v be_v suffer_v to_o come_v so_o that_o the_o most_o internal_a and_o secret_a knowledge_n thereof_o have_v be_v reserve_v either_o for_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n who_o know_v well_o enough_o how_o to_o conceal_v it_o or_o for_o those_o who_o upon_o a_o better_a motive_n have_v to_o discover_v it_o little_o less_o than_o forget_v their_o own_o nature_n their_o language_n their_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v and_o transform_v themselves_o into_o the_o natural_a humour_n of_o that_o country_n now_o this_o last_o have_v by_o divine_a dispensation_n fall_v to_o the_o lot_n of_o the_o religious_a of_o the_o company_n of_o jesus_n who_o although_o they_o come_v late_o to_o the_o culture_n of_o the_o church_n be_v notwithstanding_o arrive_v to_o that_o honour_n to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o first_o that_o after_o saint_n thomas_n the_o apostle_n do_v cultivate_v those_o remote_a confine_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v now_o fifty_o eight_o year_n that_o they_o have_v labour_v under_o this_o so_o distant_a climate_n where_o direct_v all_o their_o force_n and_o endeavour_n to_o the_o conversion_n of_o soul_n they_o account_v it_o a_o manifest_a theft_n to_o employ_v any_o otherwise_o that_o time_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n and_o be_v of_o so_o much_o importance_n for_o the_o eternal_a salvation_n of_o man_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o never_o any_o yet_o do_v or_o will_v it_o have_v be_v permit_v he_o if_o he_o have_v desire_v it_o to_o employ_v himself_o in_o write_v the_o relation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n except_o it_o be_v father_n nicolaus_n trigalzius_fw-la after_o he_o have_v by_o permission_n with-drawn_a himself_o from_o the_o culture_n of_o christianity_n among_o the_o chinese_n and_o pass_v from_o thence_o into_o europe_n upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n i_o have_v undertake_v to_o give_v a_o
brief_a account_n thereof_o sufficient_a at_o least_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o be_v inform_v concern_v those_o part_n forbear_v to_o make_v a_o more_o large_a discourse_n at_o the_o present_a but_o reserve_v it_o for_o another_o time_n which_o may_v be_v when_o we_o shall_v return_v to_o that_o vast_a country_n with_o new_a labourer_n in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o some_o of_o the_o great_a authority_n and_o experience_n among_o we_o may_v find_v leisure_n and_o convenience_n to_o undertake_v a_o perfect_a relation_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n abbreviate_a as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a this_o information_n without_o render_v that_o knowledge_n confuse_v which_o we_o pretend_v to_o gratify_v the_o world_n with_o we_o shall_v divide_v the_o work_n into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o material_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v the_o province_n land_n and_o fruit_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o formal_a part_n too_o that_o be_v the_o people_n their_o learning_n and_o custom_n the_o second_o the_o beginning_n of_o christianity_n there_o the_o progress_n thereof_o the_o persecution_n suffer_v therein_o and_o final_o the_o condition_n wherein_o i_o leave_v it_o at_o my_o departure_n thence_o i_o hope_v this_o work_n shall_v gain_v some_o esteem_n and_o credit_n if_o not_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o appearance_n at_o least_o for_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o reality_n of_o it_o have_v take_v what_o i_o write_v from_o the_o infallible_a testimony_n of_o my_o eye_n which_o though_o they_o may_v not_o be_v of_o the_o quick_a sight_v yet_o have_v have_v the_o advantage_n to_o reiterate_v very_o often_o their_o speculation_n and_o if_o he_o which_o view_v for_o a_o long_a time_n although_o his_o sight_n be_v not_o of_o the_o best_a do_v common_o see_v more_o than_o he_o who_o look_v in_o haste_n be_v his_o eye_n never_o so_o good_a i_o who_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n have_v have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o observe_v all_o passage_n of_o china_n have_v certain_o see_v so_o much_o what_o i_o write_v and_o what_o other_o have_v write_v who_o have_v not_o see_v they_o sowell_n that_o i_o must_v necessary_o speak_v of_o they_o with_o more_o certainty_n than_o they_o although_o with_o less_o eloquence_n the_o table_n of_o all_o the_o chapter_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n fol._n 1._o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o province_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o those_o of_o the_o south_n fol._n 8._o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o northern_a province_n fol._n 15._o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o chiness_n of_o their_o nature_n wit_n and_o inclination_n fol._n 22._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o habit_n fol._n 29._o chap._n 6._o of_o their_o language_n and_o letter_n fol_z 31._o chap._n 7._o of_o their_o manner_n of_o study_n and_o admittance_n to_o examination_n fol._n 35._o chap._n 8_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o examination_n and_o how_o their_o degree_n be_v confer_v fol._n 40._o chap._n 9_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n fol._n 45._o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o book_n and_o science_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 47._o chap._n 11._o of_o their_o science_n and_o liberal_a art_n in_o particular_a fol._n 51._o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o courtesy_n and_o civility_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 58._o chap._n 13._o of_o their_o banquet_n fol._n 65._o chap._n 14._o of_o the_o game_n which_o the_o chiness_n use_v fol._n 68_o chap._n 15_o of_o their_o marriage_n fol._n 69._o chap._n 16._o of_o the_o funeral_n and_o sepulture_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 73._o chap._n 17._o of_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o queen_n mother_n fol._n 78._o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o several_a sect_n of_o religion_n in_o china_n fol._n 86._o chap._n 19_o of_o their_o superstition_n and_o sacrifice_n in_o china_n fol._n 93._o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o militia_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 96._o chap._n 21._o of_o the_o war_n which_o the_o tartar_n make_v upon_o china_n fol._n 100_o chap._n 22._o of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o china_n and_o of_o the_o eunuch_n fol._n 106._o chap._n 23._o how_o the_o king_n of_o china_n be_v marry_v fol._n 119._o chap._n 24._o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o china_n fol._n 121._o chap._n 25._o of_o the_o government_n of_o china_n and_o of_o the_o officer_n fol._n 124._o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o thirteen_o province_n fol_z 128._o chap._n 27_o of_o the_o badge_n of_o honour_n or_o ensign_n of_o the_o mandarines_n fol._n 132._o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o prison_n sentence_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 135._o chap._n 29._o of_o some_o particular_a thing_n which_o do_v facilitate_v and_o rectify_v the_o govenment_n in_o china_n fol._n 144._o chap._n 30._o of_o the_o moor_n jew_n and_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o china_n fol._n 151._o chap._n 31._o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n plant_v many_o age_n since_o in_o china_n and_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stone_n late_o discover_v there_o which_o be_v a_o admirable_a testimony_n thereof_o fol._n 154._o a_o table_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o first_o begin_v of_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o china_n fol._n 166._o chap_n 2._o of_o the_o proceed_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o father_n before_o they_o arrive_v at_o nankim_n fol._n 172._o cap._n 3._o of_o what_o happen_v after_o till_o the_o father_n enter_v into_o pekim_n fol._n 177._o chap._n 4._o the_o father_n enter_v into_o pekim_n and_o settle_v there_o fol._n 183._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o proceed_n and_o ruin_n of_o their_o house_n at_o xaocheu_o fol._n 187._o chap._n 6._o of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o two_o residency_n at_o nancham_n and_o nankim_n and_o of_o the_o death_n of_o father_n matthaeus_n riccius_fw-la fol._n 192._o chap._n 7._o of_o the_o bury_a place_n which_o be_v bestow_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o king_n and_o of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n until_o the_o time_n of_o the_o persecution_n at_o nankim_n fol._n 197._o chap._n 8._o a_o fierce_a persecution_n be_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_n in_o nankim_n fol._n 205._o chap._n 9_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o persecution_n and_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o father_n out_o of_o china_n fol._n 214._o chap._n 10._o how_o thing_n begin_v to_o be_v calm_v again_o after_o the_o persecution_n and_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o several_a residency_n fol._n 220._o chap._n 11._o of_o the_o second_o persecution_n at_o namkim_n and_o of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o a_o christian_a name_v andrew_n fol._n 226._o chap._n 12._o how_o thing_n begin_v to_o be_v quiet_a and_o settle_a and_o how_o the_o father_n be_v send_v for_o to_o court_n by_o order_n of_o the_o mandarines_n fol._n 232._o chap._n 13._o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o dr._n leo_n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o history_n fol._n 239._o after_o which_o follow_v the_o supplement_n to_o these_o present_a time_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o chiness_n most_o cruel_a war_n with_o the_o tartar_n by_o who_o they_o be_v now_o conquer_v fol._n 249._o a_o exact_a map_n of_o china_n be_v faithful_o copy_v from_o one_o bring_v from_o peking_n by_o a_o father_n late_o resideent_fw-mi in_o that_o city_n 1655_o i_fw-mi a_o king_n of_o china_n a_o china_n man_n a_o china_n woman_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o temporal_a state_n of_o china_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n china_n in_o its_o extent_n be_v one_o great_a continue_a continent_n without_o have_v any_o thing_n which_o divide_v it_o and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o latitude_n of_o haynam_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o continent_n and_o lie_v in_o nineteen_o degree_n it_o extend_v itself_o twenty_o four_o degree_n incline_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o end_v in_o forty_o three_o degree_n it_o come_v to_o make_v a_o circuit_n so_o much_o the_o more_o spacious_a by_o how_o much_o the_o coast_n thereof_o run_v along_o in_o various_a and_o unequal_a wind_n and_o so_o come_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n in_o greatness_n and_o almost_o equal_a to_o all_o europe_n on_o the_o west_n side_n thereof_o be_v many_o small_a island_n but_o so_o near_o together_o that_o they_o seem_v all_o to_o compose_v but_o as_o it_o be_v one_o body_z all_o this_o monarchy_n be_v divide_v into_o fifteen_o province_n each_o of_o which_o be_v a_o spacious_a kingdom_n and_o so_o they_o be_v all_o ancient_o each_o have_v a_o king_n of_o its_o own_o of_o those_o nine_o which_o they_o call_v the_o southern_a province_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v water_v
with_o large_a river_n and_o some_o of_o those_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n of_o water_n that_o in_o many_o place_n the_o opposite_a bank_n be_v out_o of_o sight_n one_o of_o the_o other_o and_o elsewhere_o that_o which_o appear_v be_v hardly_o to_o be_v distinguish_v what_o it_o be_v they_o be_v all_o navigable_a and_o be_v frequent_v with_o so_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o vessel_n that_o what_o may_v be_v say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v hardly_o seem_v credible_a i_o shall_v only_o say_v that_o in_o this_o they_o do_v exceed_v all_o other_o river_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n of_o nanchim_n which_o with_o a_o moderate_a breadth_n run_v down_o to_o hamchen_n i_o stay_v eight_o day_n for_o a_o passage_n through_o that_o wondered_a concourse_n of_o vessel_n and_o while_o a_o hourglass_n of_o sand_n be_v run_v out_o i_o count_v three_o hundred_o small_a ship_n reckon_v only_o those_o which_o come_v up_o the_o river_n it_o be_v a_o marvellous_a thing_n there_o be_v so_o many_o that_o all_o be_v so_o well_o accommodate_v for_o merchandise_n and_o so_o convenient_a for_o passenger_n they_o be_v all_o cover_v and_o keep_v very_o neat_a and_o some_o of_o they_o so_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v with_o picture_n that_o they_o seem_v rather_o make_v for_o the_o recreation_n than_o the_o traffic_n of_o merchant_n the_o manner_n after_o which_o they_o be_v govern_v be_v very_o notable_a for_o the_o mariner_n keep_v all_o without_o the_o place_n where_o the_o passenger_n make_v their_o abode_n there_o be_v space_n enough_o without_o for_o they_o to_o run_v up_o and_o down_o that_o trim_a the_o sail_n and_o guide_v the_o bark_n without_o any_o disturbance_n of_o the_o other_o who_o enjoy_v a_o pleasant_a ease_n and_o rest_n in_o which_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o province_n of_o hanceo_n exceed_v the_o rest_n the_o six_o northern_a province_n as_o they_o come_v near_o to_o our_o latitude_n do_v most_o resemble_v our_o climate_n and_o be_v more_o dry_a and_o healthful_a than_o the_o rest_n but_o in_o all_o of_o they_o more_o or_o less_o there_o be_v not_o want_v many_o of_o a_o long_a and_o happy_a life_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v many_o and_o very_o vigorous_a and_o lusty_a old_a man_n of_o the_o same_o more_o particular_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o not_o only_o the_o village_n but_o even_o the_o city_n be_v in_o sight_n one_o of_o another_o and_o in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o river_n be_v most_o frequent_v the_o habitation_n be_v almost_o continue_v of_o these_o there_o be_v four_o sort_n great_a city_n which_o they_o call_v furio_n the_o lesser_a which_o they_o call_v cen_n concern_v these_o writer_n have_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o their_o relation_n townes_n which_o they_o call_v hien_n and_o castle_n which_o they_o call_v cid_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v village_n and_o hamlet_n almost_o innumerable_a of_o all_o these_o the_o wall_n be_v keep_v night_n and_o day_n with_o a_o fourfold_a guard_n at_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell_n even_o to_o the_o innermost_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o if_o they_o be_v always_o in_o a_o condition_n of_o war_n show_v that_o to_o prevent_v the_o least_o imaginable_a danger_n which_o may_v fall_v out_o in_o a_o hour_n it_o be_v good_a to_o stand_v during_o life_n upon_o our_o guard_n for_o ordinary_o all_o sudden_a ruin_n proceed_v from_o a_o long_a confidence_n the_o street_n be_v keep_v by_o court_n of_o guard_n and_o sentinel_n with_o so_o much_o rigour_n that_o if_o they_o find_v they_o asleep_o or_o straggle_v from_o their_o post_n or_o that_o they_o do_v not_o speedy_o answer_v they_o be_v present_o condemn_v to_o the_o bastinado_n which_o be_v immediate_o execute_v in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o public_a gate_n be_v shut_v every_o night_n with_o great_a care_n and_o if_o there_o fall_v out_o any_o accident_n they_o be_v not_o open_v till_o they_o be_v satisfy_v how_o the_o fact_n be_v do_v in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o i_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o kiamsi_n where_o thirty_o thief_n break_v prison_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o guard_n wound_v some_o and_o kill_v other_o set_v themselves_o at_o liberty_n the_o fact_n be_v know_v and_o the_o open_n of_o the_o gate_n be_v suspend_v according_a to_o their_o inviolable_a custom_n before_o next_o night_n the_o malefactor_n be_v all_o take_v nor_o can_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o city_n hide_v any_o one_o of_o they_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o exceed_v populous_a that_o i_o have_v live_v there_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n be_v in_o no_o less_o amazement_n at_o my_o come_n away_o than_o i_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n at_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o people_n certain_o the_o truth_n exceed_v all_o hyperbole_n not_o only_o in_o the_o city_n town_n and_o public_a place_n in_o some_o of_o which_o one_o can_v walk_v without_o great_a violence_n of_o thrust_v and_o crowd_v but_o also_o in_o the_o highway_n there_o be_v as_o great_a a_o concourse_n as_o be_v usual_o in_o europe_n at_o some_o great_a festival_n or_o public_a meeting_n and_o if_o we_o will_v refer_v ourselves_o to_o the_o general_a register_n book_n wherein_o only_o the_o common_a man_n be_v enroll_v and_o matriculate_v leave_v out_o woman_n child_n eunuch_n professor_n of_o arm_n and_o letter_n almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n there_o be_v reckon_v of_o they_o to_o be_v fifty_o eight_o million_o and_o fifty_o five_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o the_o house_n where_o they_o inhabit_v be_v not_o so_o sumptuous_a and_o last_a as_o we_o yet_o be_v they_o more_o convenient_a for_o the_o good_a contrivance_n and_o more_o pleasant_a for_o their_o exquisite_a neatness_n they_o use_v much_o in_o their_o house_n charam_n a_o excellent_a varnish_n and_o paint_v of_o a_o accurate_a diligence_n they_o build_v they_o not_o very_o high_a esteem_v they_o more_o convenient_a for_o be_v low_a as_o well_o for_o habitation_n as_o for_o good_a accommodation_n the_o rich_a sort_n of_o people_n do_v plant_v the_o court_n and_o approach_n to_o their_o house_n with_o flower_n and_o small_a tree_n and_o towards_o the_o north_n they_o use_v fruit_n tree_n in_o like_a manner_n where_o they_o have_v room_n enough_o they_o set_v great_a tree_n and_o raise_v artificial_a mountain_n to_o which_o end_n they_o bring_v from_o far_o great_a piece_n of_o rock_n they_o keep_v there_o several_a sort_n of_o fowl_n as_o crane_n and_o swan_n and_o other_o beautiful_a bird_n and_o also_o wild_a beast_n as_o stag_n and_o fallow_a dear_a they_o make_v many_o fishpond_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v glide_v up_o and_o down_o paint_a fish_n with_o gild_a fin_n and_o other_o thing_n likewise_o of_o curiosity_n and_o delight_n their_o way_n of_o building_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o frame_v first_o exact_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o house_n which_o they_o set_v upon_o pillar_n of_o wood_n the_o which_o by_o how_o much_o the_o big_a they_o be_v be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o esteem_v after_o they_o fit_v up_o the_o wall_n with_o brick_n or_o some_o such_o like_a matter_n there_o be_v a_o tradition_n that_o ancient_o they_o make_v their_o building_n according_a to_o exact_a rule_n of_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o which_o art_n there_o be_v yet_o some_o book_n remain_v but_o those_o rule_n be_v now_o only_o observe_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o in_o public_a work_n as_o tower_n of_o city_n and_o town_n which_o they_o make_v of_o several_a form_n as_o round_o square_a octangular_a very_o beautiful_a with_o stair_n some_o wind_a some_o plain_a and_o balanster_n on_o the_o outside_n in_o the_o vessel_n and_o utensile_n of_o their_o house_n they_o be_v both_o very_a curious_a and_o expensive_a use_v much_o the_o abovesaid_a charam_n a_o sort_n of_o varnish_n which_o be_v take_v from_o certain_a tree_n proper_a only_a to_o that_o and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n as_o well_o for_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o matter_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o work_n which_o come_v from_o thence_o as_o for_o the_o easiness_n in_o work_v it_o as_o well_o in_o make_v new_a thing_n as_o in_o retrim_v the_o old_a and_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o former_a beauty_n as_o for_o plenty_n whereas_o this_o kingdom_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o large_a extent_n do_v participate_v of_o diverse_a latitude_n and_o climate_n it_o produce_v and_o enjoy_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o fruit_n that_o nature_n seem_v there_o to_o have_v lay_v upon_o heap_n what_o she_o but_o scatter_v through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n it_o have_v within_o its_o own_o door_n all_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o man_n life_n together_o with_o all_o superfluity_n of_o delicacy_n whence_o it_o have_v
not_o only_o no_o need_n to_o take_v alm_n of_o other_o country_n but_o with_o what_o it_o be_v able_a to_o spare_v which_o be_v both_o much_o and_o very_o good_a it_o satisfi_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o neighbour_a and_o remote_a kingdom_n who_o have_v always_o a_o long_a desire_n to_o see_v and_o enjoy_v it_o it_o be_v chief_a sustenance_n be_v that_o which_o be_v most_o use_v throughout_o the_o world_n to_o wit_n wheat_n and_o rice_n some_o country_n make_v most_o use_n of_o the_o one_o and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o china_n produce_v both_o in_o so_o great_a plenty_n that_o a_o pico_n of_o each_o a_o pico_n contain_v 125_o pound_n of_o our_o weight_n be_v common_o worth_a five_o real_n that_o be_v about_o half_a a_o crown_n of_o english_a money_n and_o if_o it_o come_v to_o seven_o and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v count_v a_o dearth_n the_o northern_a province_n use_v for_o their_o proper_a sustenance_n wheat_n barley_n and_o maiz_n eat_v rice_n but_o seldom_o as_o we_o do_v in_o europe_n leave_v it_o for_o the_o southern_a province_n which_o although_o they_o have_v wheat_n in_o great_a plenty_n make_v use_n of_o it_o with_o the_o same_o moderation_n as_o we_o do_v of_o rice_n or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o fruit_n they_o have_v pulse_n of_o diverse_a kind_n the_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o the_o ordinary_a provender_n in_o stead_n of_o barley_n for_o the_o beast_n of_o burden_n they_o use_v herb_n much_o they_o be_v the_o food_n of_o the_o ordinary_a people_n almost_o all_o the_o year_n throughout_o &_o the_o chief_a inventory_n of_o their_o apothecary_n shop_n for_o their_o physic_n which_o be_v found_v only_o upon_o herb_n and_o very_o safe_a physic_n yet_o they_o want_v both_o endive_n and_o carduus_fw-la but_o have_v in_o stead_n thereof_o other_o which_o we_o want_v flesh_n they_o have_v every_o where_o plentiful_o even_o in_o small_a village_n that_o which_o they_o use_v most_o constant_o throughout_o the_o year_n be_v hogs-flesh_n beef_n be_v sell_v there_o without_o any_o bone_n they_o take_v they_o always_o out_o first_o venison_n they_o have_v not_o so_o plentiful_a nor_o do_v they_o much_o affect_v it_o although_o they_o have_v there_o the_o same_o which_o here_o afford_v we_o so_o much_o recreation_n as_o wild_a boar_n stag_n fallow_a dear_a and_o hare_n but_o no_o coney_n of_o fowl_n there_o be_v great_a plenty_n they_o have_v all_o we_o in_o great_a abundance_n partridge_n of_o two_o sort_n one_o whereof_o differ_v not_o from_o we_o but_o only_o in_o their_o call_n the_o nightingale_n though_o they_o be_v big_a than_o we_o have_v the_o same_o voice_n and_o manner_n of_o sing_v other_o bird_n there_o be_v which_o we_o have_v not_o here_o and_o be_v in_o great_a esteem_n as_o well_o for_o their_o beauty_n to_o the_o eye_n as_o for_o their_o excellent_a taste_n to_o please_v the_o palat._n the_o bird_n which_o we_o see_v paint_v in_o their_o work_n that_o come_v into_o europe_n have_v without_o doubt_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o resemblance_n of_o those_o there_o be_v always_o favour_v nature_n or_o but_o little_a alter_n from_o she_o they_o be_v excellent_a in_o bring_v up_o of_o tame_a fowl_n and_o have_v of_o every_o sort_n without_o number_n goose_n they_o have_v in_o so_o great_a quantity_n that_o they_o feed_v up_o and_o down_o the_o field_n in_o huge_a flock_n that_o which_o be_v report_v of_o their_o hatch_n egg_n by_o art_n be_v very_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o spring_n time_n and_o then_o they_o have_v no_o need_n of_o the_o dam._n wild_a beast_n as_o tiger_n and_o wolf_n there_o be_v in_o abundance_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o do_v not_o much_o hurt_n there_o be_v elephant_n always_o to_o be_v see_v at_o court_n but_o they_o be_v bring_v from_o other_o country_n for_o tame_a creature_n they_o have_v all_o we_o as_o well_o for_o burden_n without_o use_v ox_n for_o this_o as_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o do_v throughout_o all_o india_n as_o also_o for_o tillage_n of_o their_o land_n in_o which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o oxen._n in_o the_o southern_a part_n the_o bufolo_n undergo_v the_o chief_a labour_n they_o have_v store_n of_o horse_n but_o without_o mettle_n and_o little_a worth_n coach_n be_v former_o much_o in_o use_n with_o they_o and_o grow_v out_o of_o fashion_n there_o we_o take_v they_o up_o be_v first_o use_v in_o italy_n and_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n 1546._o since_o they_o have_v only_o use_v chair_n and_o sedan_n find_v they_o of_o less_o pomp_n and_o expense_n and_o of_o great_a convenience_n wherefore_o to_o this_o day_n in_o all_o their_o journey_n they_o serve_v themselves_o with_o litter_n carry_v by_o mule_n or_o chair_n bear_v by_o 4_o 6_o or_o 8_o man_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n those_o which_o they_o use_v most_o in_o city_n be_v in_o form_n not_o unlike_a unto_o we_o those_o in_o which_o the_o woman_n be_v carry_v be_v big_a more_o convenient_a and_o more_o beautify_v and_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o carry_v they_o be_v different_a in_o the_o two_o city_n of_o penckin_n and_o nanckin_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n they_o have_v in_o all_o public_a place_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o horse_n and_o mule_n with_o handsome_a furniture_n and_o very_o well_o fit_v with_o bridle_n and_o saddle_n stand_v ready_a to_o be_v hire_v by_o such_o person_n as_o be_v desirous_a with_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o expense_n to_o travel_v up_o and_o down_o the_o city_n upon_o their_o occasion_n in_o the_o northern_a province_n they_o have_v but_o little_a fish_n except_o it_o be_v at_o the_o court_n which_o for_o be_v such_o want_v nothing_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o those_o part_n there_o be_v no_o many_o river_n yet_o they_o cause_v great_a store_n of_o fish_n to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o southern_a province_n which_o very_o much_o abound_v therein_o take_v they_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n in_o lake_n and_o in_o pool_n in_o great_a plenty_n dry_v and_o accommodate_v in_o diverse_a manner_n so_o much_o as_o be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o river_n of_o nanckin_n there_o be_v every_o year_n a_o fish_n for_o the_o king_n use_n and_o till_o that_o be_v do_v there_o be_v a_o prohibition_n upon_o a_o rigorous_a penalty_n for_o any_o other_o person_n to_o fish_n and_o the_o voyage_n be_v between_o five_o and_o forty_o and_o threescore_o day_n journey_n yet_o it_o be_v bring_v fresh_a and_o sweet_a without_o salt_v it_o trout_n be_v not_o there_o so_o much_o esteem_v as_o with_o we_o but_o sturgeon_n every_o whit_n as_o much_o which_o when_o it_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o dear_a do_v not_o exceed_v five-pence_n the_o pound_n by_o which_o you_o may_v perceive_v the_o cheapness_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n among_o fruit_n cherry_n and_o mulberry_n have_v there_o no_o esteem_n for_o their_o taste_n be_v not_o very_o good_a they_o use_v the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o fruit_n we_o have_v in_o europe_n but_o they_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o we_o neither_o in_o quantity_n nor_o quality_n except_o it_o be_v the_o orange_n of_o cantone_n which_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o queen_n of_o orange_n and_o be_v by_o some_o esteem_v to_o be_v not_o so_o much_o orange_n as_o muscatel_n grape_n disguise_v in_o that_o form_n and_o habit_n the_o southern_a province_n have_v the_o best_a fruit_n of_o all_o india_n particular_o cantone_n for_o they_o have_v anans_n manghas_n bananas_n giachas_n &_o giambas_n &_o above_o all_o there_o be_v some_o fruit_n proper_a to_o they_o of_o a_o particular_a excellency_n such_o as_o in_o cantone_n be_v the_o licie_n so_o the_o portughess_n call_v they_o but_o the_o chineses_n lici_fw-la these_o on_o the_o outside_n be_v of_o a_o orange_a colour_n and_o when_o they_o be_v ripe_a do_v very_o much_o beautify_v the_o tree_n they_o grow_v on_o they_o be_v make_v like_o chastnut_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o heart_n when_o the_o shell_n be_v peel_v of_o which_o be_v only_o contiguous_a to_o it_o the_o fruit_n remain_v like_o a_o pearl_n in_o colour_n very_o please_v to_o the_o sight_n but_o more_o to_o the_o taste_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o fruit_n call_v longans_n name_v by_o the_o chinese_n lumien_n that_o be_v dragon_n eye_n they_o be_v in_o figure_n and_o greatness_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o small_a nut_n but_o the_o pulp_n be_v very_o little_a and_o different_a but_o between_o the_o shell_n and_o the_o stone_n it_o be_v sweet_a and_o wholesome_a this_o fruit_n be_v find_v in_o cantone_n and_o fokien_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v red_a fig_n a_o name_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o portughese_n for_o in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n they_o be_v call_v suzu_n it_o be_v a_o
there_o to_o this_o day_n the_o rate_n be_v very_o moderate_a chap._n 2._o of_o the_o province_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o those_o of_o the_o south_n this_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n south_n and_o north_n and_o both_o these_o subdivide_v into_o fifteen_o province_n as_o be_v abovesaid_a to_o this_o southern_a part_n belong_v nine_o which_o be_v cantone_n quamsi_n yunnam_n fukien_n kiamsi_fw-it suchuem_fw-la utquam_fw-la chekiam_fw-la nankim_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o these_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o next_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v distinct_o speak_v of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o order_n that_o we_o have_v name_v they_o cantone_n be_v the_o first_o and_o lie_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o south_n that_o be_v proper_o name_v quantum_fw-la it_o be_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o twenty_o three_o degree_n it_o be_v large_a rich_a and_o abound_v in_o wheat_n and_o rice_n of_o these_o it_o produce_v each_o year_n two_o harvest_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v of_o a_o several_a grain_n there_o be_v store_n of_o sugar_n copper_n and_o tin_n material_n which_o they_o work_v with_o great_a variety_n into_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o vessel_n as_o also_o work_v make_v with_o charam_n a_o excellent_a varnish_n and_o with_o guild_v some_o whereof_z be_v transport_v into_o europe_n the_o jesuit_n in_o this_o province_n have_v two_o residency_n with_o their_o church_n and_o house_n which_o perish_v by_o reason_n of_o several_a persecution_n as_o you_o shall_v find_v hereafter_o the_o people_n be_v able_a mechanic_n and_o though_o of_o small_a invention_n yet_o they_o imitate_v excellent_o whatsoever_o they_o find_v invent_v to_o the_o city_n call_v also_o cantone_n though_o the_o proper_a name_n thereof_o be_v guamcheufu_n the_o portugess_n go_v twice_o every_o year_n with_o their_o merchandise_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o macao_n a_o hundred_o and_o five_o mile_n and_o macao_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o first_o island_n and_o from_o the_o great_a city_n of_o that_o empire_n fifty_o four_o the_o circumference_n thereof_o be_v 15_o good_a mile_n the_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n thither_o be_v very_o great_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o people_v than_o many_o of_o the_o other_o city_n the_o most_o and_o best_a commodity_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v bring_v thither_o because_o it_o be_v the_o most_o open_a and_o free_a seat_n of_o trade_n in_o that_o nation_n and_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o six_o neighbour_a kingdom_n from_o whence_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n be_v bring_v thither_o as_o well_o by_o native_n as_o stranger_n only_o that_o which_o the_o portugess_n take_v in_o for_o india_n giappone_v and_o manila_n come_v one_o year_n with_o another_o to_o five_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o chest_n of_o several_a silk_n stuff_n each_o chest_n include_v 100_o piece_n of_o the_o most_o substantial_a silk_n as_o velvet_n damask_n and_o satin_n of_o the_o slight_a stuff_n as_o halfe-damask_n paint_a and_o single_a taffity_n 250_o piece_n of_o gold_n 2200_o ingot_n of_o 12_o ounce_n weight_n a_o piece_n of_o musk_n seven_o pichi_n which_o be_v more_o than_o 35_o arrova_n every_o arrova_fw-la weigh_v 25_o pound_n of_o 6_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n beside_o small_a pearl_n sugar_n porcelain_n dish_n china_n wood_n rheâ—barbe_n and_o several_a curious_a guild_a work_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n of_o less_o importance_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o name_v they_o all_o even_o in_o a_o long_a relation_n to_o this_o province_n belong_v the_o island_n of_o aynan_n where_o pearl_n be_v fish_v in_o great_a plenty_n it_o be_v sufficient_o populous_a by_o one_o city_n it_o have_v several_a village_n on_o the_o north_n part_v thereof_o tooward_n the_o south_n there_o lie_v a_o barbarous_a people_n which_o admit_v the_o chiness_n only_o to_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n without_o submit_v to_o their_o dominion_n it_o produce_v that_o precious_a wood_n of_o aquila_n and_o that_o sweet_a wood_n which_o the_o portugese_n call_v rose-wood_n and_o the_o native_n hoalim_fw-la and_o other_o thing_n of_o less_o importance_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o cantone_n the_o province_n of_o quamsi_n extend_v itself_o to_o the_o latitude_n of_o 25_o degree_n it_o enjoy_v the_o same_o climate_n without_o any_o considerable_a difference_n so_o that_o it_o have_v nothing_o particular_a which_o be_v notable_a and_o be_v count_v the_o second_o province_n yunnam_n be_v the_o three_o and_o lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 24_o degree_n and_o be_v the_o further_a distant_a of_o any_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o china_n it_o be_v a_o great_a country_n but_o have_v little_a merchandise_n i_o know_v not_o any_o thing_n be_v bring_v from_o thence_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o matter_n whereof_o they_o make_v the_o bead_n for_o chapplet_n which_o in_o portugal_n they_o call_v alambras_fw-la and_o in_o castille_n ambares_n and_o be_v like_o amber_n they_o be_v count_v good_a against_o the_o catarrh_n it_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o mine_n and_o sometime_o in_o great_a piece_n it_o be_v red_a than_o our_o amber_n but_o not_o so_o clean_o in_o this_o province_n be_v violate_v that_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o woman_n do_v not_o go_v to_o the_o market_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v as_o in_o other_o country_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o cantone_n be_v the_o four_o province_n call_v fâ—kieâ—_n or_o by_o another_o name_n chincheo_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 26_o degree_n it_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n mountainous_a and_o therefore_o not_o so_o well_o inhabit_v contrary_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o native_n of_o this_o province_n do_v go_v into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o neighbour_a stranger_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n it_o yield_v gold_n good_a sugar_n in_o great_a quantity_n good_a canvas-cloath_n for_o other_o linen_n there_o be_v none_o in_o china_n there_o be_v make_v excellent_a paper_n of_o diverse_a kind_n which_o for_o plenty_n goodness_n and_o cheapness_n be_v very_o remarkable_a they_o make_v use_v of_o print_v no_o less_o convenient_o and_o as_o it_o appear_v more_o ancient_o than_o in_o europe_n although_o not_o in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n for_o here_o after_o the_o print_n of_o each_o sheet_n the_o letter_n be_v take_v asunder_o there_o they_o carve_v what_o they_o will_v print_v upon_o board_n or_o plate_n so_o that_o the_o book_n be_v still_o preserve_v entire_a in_o their_o work-house_n and_o therefore_o as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n they_o can_v reprint_v any_o book_n without_o the_o expense_n of_o new_a set_v the_o letter_n this_o country_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o seaside_n and_o be_v another_o eminent_a port_n from_o whence_o be_v issue_v out_o of_o that_o kingdom_n infinite_a merchandise_n which_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n that_o be_v industrious_a and_o bring_v up_o to_o it_o to_o manila_n giappone_v and_o particular_o to_o the_o island_n formosa_fw-la which_o be_v even_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o land_n for_o with_o a_o a_o good_a wind_n it_o be_v not_o above_o 24_o hour_n voyage_n thither_o where_o they_o trade_n with_o the_o hollander_n there_o be_v two_o house_n and_o church_n there_o belong_v to_o our_o company_n under_o who_o government_n and_o direction_n be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o very_o good_a christian_n who_o have_v about_o ten_o church_n belong_v to_o they_o the_o which_o be_v visit_v by_o we_o very_o diligent_o at_o set_a time_n two_o of_o their_o chief_a church_n be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o fucheu_o which_o be_v their_o metropolis_n another_o in_o the_o city_n of_o cieumchu_n the_o rest_n in_o other_o city_n there_o be_v beside_o many_o particular_a oratory_n the_o island_n formosa_fw-la lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 22_o degree_n it_o be_v situate_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o giappone_v before_o you_o come_v thither_o you_o must_v pass_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o island_n name_v liqueu_o the_o length_n of_o this_o island_n be_v 150_o mile_n the_o breadth_n 75._o the_o hollander_n have_v there_o a_o fort_n place_v in_o a_o sandy_a vale_n under_o which_o lie_v the_o port_n which_o be_v encompass_v with_o bank_n of_o sand_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o distinguish_v and_o secure_v by_o certain_a post_n set_v up_o in_o the_o water_n the_o entrance_n will_v be_v very_o difficult_a even_o to_o those_o of_o the_o country_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o island_n towards_o the_o east_n the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o fort_n distant_a from_o that_o of_o the_o hollander_n 90_o mile_n by_o sea_n and_o by_o land_n 45_o as_o be_v report_v the_o soil_n of_o the_o island_n be_v so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o produce_v grass_n nine_o or_o ten_o palm_n high_a a_o palm_n be_v nine_o inch_n english_a measure_n where_o the_o hollander_n feed_v their_o cattle_n there_o
rich_a and_o make_v so_o much_o cotton-wool_n that_o those_o of_o the_o country_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v only_o in_o the_o town_n of_o xanuchi_n and_o the_o precinct_n thereof_o which_o be_v large_a 200000_o loom_n for_o this_o stuff_n so_o that_o from_o that_o place_n only_o the_o king_n draw_v 150000_o crown_n yearly_a in_o one_o house_n there_o use_v to_o be_v many_o of_o they_o for_o they_o be_v narrow_a as_o the_o stuff_n be_v almost_o all_o the_o woman_n be_v employ_v in_o this_o work_n the_o court_n do_v reside_v in_o this_o province_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o even_o to_o this_o day_n all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o privilege_n thereof_o be_v conserve_v in_o the_o city_n of_o nankim_n who_o right_a name_n be_v umthienfu_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o great_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o for_o the_o form_n of_o the_o building_n the_o largeness_n of_o the_o street_n the_o manner_n and_o deal_n of_o the_o people_n and_o for_o the_o plenty_n and_o excellency_n of_o all_o thing_n it_o have_v admirable_a place_n of_o recreation_n and_o be_v so_o populous_a through_o its_o confine_n that_o the_o village_n succeed_v one_o another_o in_o a_o manner_n from_o three_o mile_n to_o three_o mile_n although_o at_o this_o day_n by_o reason_n it_o want_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v in_o its_o self_n less_o populous_a nevertheless_o in_o diverse_a part_n thereof_o it_o be_v yet_o troublesome_a to_o walk_v the_o street_n for_o the_o crowd_n of_o people_n that_o one_o meet_v beside_o the_o many_o palace_n temple_n tower_n and_o bridge_n do_v render_v it_o very_o considerable_a in_o the_o wall_n thereof_o there_o be_v twelve_o gate_n bar_v with_o iron_n and_o guard_v with_o artillery_n a_o good_a way_n without_o run_v another_o wall_n with_o no_o small_a ruin_n the_o circuit_n thereof_o for_o i_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o measure_n of_o it_o be_v two_o day_n journey_n on_o horseback_n that_o of_o the_o inner_a wall_n be_v eighteen_o mile_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o have_v within_o they_o many_o population_n garden_n and_o field_n which_o be_v till_v the_o bread_n whereof_o use_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o soldiery_n within_o the_o city_n to_o the_o number_n of_o forty_o thousand_o in_o one_o part_n thereof_o there_o be_v cast_v up_o a_o artificial_a mount_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o there_o be_v see_v a_o wooden_a sphere_n not_o arm_v although_o the_o circle_n thereof_o be_v place_v at_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o same_o city_n which_o be_v 32_o degree_n a_o small_a latitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a cold_n but_o a_o very_a large_a one_o for_o the_o great_a heat_n which_o it_o suffer_v the_o sphere_n be_v in_o circumference_n of_o a_o notable_a bigness_n and_o be_v a_o very_a complete_a piece_n of_o work_n it_o have_v moreover_o a_o tower_n divide_v into_o seven_o story_n of_o singular_a beauty_n for_o the_o workmanship_n thereof_o it_o be_v full_a of_o figure_n and_o wrought_v like_o percellane_n a_o edifice_n which_o may_v be_v rank_v among_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o ancient_a rome_n the_o river_n come_v to_o kiss_v the_o foot_n of_o this_o city_n and_o send_v up_o some_o arm_n of_o itself_o into_o it_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n be_v yanchukiam_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o vain_o be_v it_o so_o call_v it_o be_v the_o most_o abundant_a in_o water_n of_o any_o that_o be_v know_v in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v also_o great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n we_o have_v four_o church_n in_o this_o province_n the_o first_o in_o nankim_n with_o a_o house_n of_o jesuite_n and_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a and_o exercise_v christianity_n have_v suffer_v four_o persecution_n and_o come_v of_o from_o each_o of_o they_o with_o more_o vigour_n the_o second_o in_o the_o town_n of_o xamhai_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o believer_n the_o three_o in_o the_o city_n of_o xamkiam_fw-la the_o four_o in_o the_o town_n of_o kiatini_fw-la beside_o these_o church_n there_o be_v many_o oratory_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v suffice_v concern_v the_o nine_o southern_a province_n chap._n 3._o of_o the_o northern_a province_n fix_v be_v the_o province_n which_o be_v call_v northern_a and_o their_o name_n be_v honam_fw-la xemsi_fw-la kiansi_fw-fr xantum_fw-la pekim_n and_o leaotum_fw-la the_o first_o lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 35_o degree_n as_o centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o produce_v most_o gallant_a fruit_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o country_n as_o we_o in_o europe_n nor_o be_v the_o cheapness_n of_o they_o less_o i_o buy_v for_o a_o farthing_n and_o a_o half_a 88_o apricock_n it_o have_v nothing_o else_o notable_a except_o a_o son_n of_o the_o king_n call_v fovam_fw-la the_o last_o of_o those_o which_o come_v out_o of_o the_o palace_n he_o live_v with_o so_o great_a splendour_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n that_o to_o be_v such_o he_o only_o want_v the_o name_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o caifum_fw-la the_o metropolis_n thereof_o we_o have_v have_v only_o for_o these_o few_o year_n a_o church_n and_o house_n but_o a_o good_a plenty_n of_o christian_n the_o second_o be_v xemsi_n it_o lie_v in_o 36_o degree_n and_o more_o to_o the_o west_n it_o be_v very_o large_a but_o dry_a for_o want_v of_o water_n as_o also_o be_v the_o three_o neighbour_a province_n notwithstanding_o it_o do_v abound_v in_o wheat_n barley_n and_o maize_n of_o rice_n they_o have_v but_o little_a all_o winter_n long_o they_o give_v wheat_n to_o their_o beast_n which_o be_v many_o particular_o their_o sheep_n which_o they_o shear_v three_o time_n a_o year_n once_o in_o the_o spring_n another_o time_n in_o the_o summer_n a_o three_o in_o the_o autumn_n but_o the_o first_o time_n of_o shear_v yield_v the_o best_a wool_n from_o hence_o come_v all_o the_o wool_n of_o which_o be_v make_v the_o felt_n and_o other_o thing_n use_v either_o in_o this_o province_n or_o elsewhere_o they_o make_v there_o of_o no_o sort_n of_o cloth_n not_o use_v to_o spin_v wool_n but_o only_a goatshair_n of_o which_o they_o weave_v certain_a stuff_v for_o the_o hang_n of_o their_o room_n in_o so_o great_a perfection_n that_o the_o most_o ordinary_a be_v better_o than_o we_o and_o the_o best_a be_v esteem_v more_o precious_a than_o silk_n they_o make_v likewise_o of_o goats-haire_n a_o very_a fine_a felt_n which_o they_o call_v tum_o and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o garment_n but_o this_o be_v not_o make_v of_o every_o sort_n of_o goatshair_n but_o of_o a_o very_a fine_a hair_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o first_o they_o pull_v it_o out_o with_o great_a care_n and_o make_v it_o up_o in_o certain_a ball_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o ordinary_a loaf_n and_o then_o put_v it_o out_o to_o be_v wrought_v with_o singular_a skill_n musk_n be_v proper_a to_o this_o province_n and_o because_o it_o be_v in_o question_n after_o what_o manner_n this_o excellent_a perfume_n be_v make_v i_o will_v give_v you_o account_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquiry_n i_o have_v make_v concern_v it_o it_o be_v the_o navel_n of_o a_o animal_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o small_a stag_n who_o flesh_n be_v very_o good_a meat_n and_o only_o that_o part_n be_v take_v contain_v that_o precious_a matter_n but_o all_o those_o cod_n which_o be_v bring_v hither_o to_o we_o be_v not_o true_a and_o perfect_a navell_n for_o the_o chiness_n have_v learn_v to_o falsify_v they_o by_o stuff_v some_o piece_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o that_o animal_n with_o musk_n that_o be_v vitiate_a and_o mingle_v with_o some_o other_o thing_n here_o be_v also_o gold_n find_v but_o not_o in_o mine_n for_o though_o there_o be_v mine_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o king_n do_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v open_v but_o out_o of_o river_n and_o eddy_n and_o although_o it_o be_v find_v only_o in_o small_a piece_n and_o grain_n yet_o be_v put_v together_o it_o amount_v to_o a_o great_a quantity_n there_o be_v infinite_a people_n both_o young_a and_o old_a which_o go_v in_o search_n of_o it_o there_o be_v rhubarb_n and_o profumo_n which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o any_o other_o part_n for_o that_o which_o come_v from_o persia_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v natural_a to_o that_o place_n for_o of_o as_o many_o as_o have_v travel_v through_o that_o country_n there_o be_v not_o any_o that_o give_v a_o account_n to_o have_v see_v there_o that_o healthful_a plant_n it_o be_v something_o tall_a with_o leaf_n big_a than_o colewort_n it_o do_v not_o grow_v wild_a as_o some_o have_v imagine_v but_o be_v cultivate_v in_o garden_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n in_o this_o province_n be_v open_v
the_o south_n and_o in_o nankim_n there_o be_v sow_v a_o certain_a rice_n for_o the_o king_n in_o particular_a of_o such_o a_o quality_n that_o be_v sod_a in_o water_n without_o any_o other_o addition_n it_o make_v a_o very_a savoury_a dish_n the_o city_n be_v not_o so_o big_a as_o nankim_v but_o in_o that_o press_n of_o people_n much_o exceed_v it_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v like_o the_o court_n of_o so_o powerful_a a_o prince_n the_o wall_n be_v broad_a enough_o for_o twelve_o horse_n to_o go_v a_o breast_n they_o be_v guard_v night_n and_o day_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o if_o there_o be_v war_n at_o every_o gate_n they_o keep_v a_o continual_a watch_n which_o be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o eunuch_n which_o the_o queen_n allow_v they_o for_o their_o wage_n and_o they_o make_v good_a store_n of_o crown_n of_o this_o exercise_n for_o all_o those_o which_o enter_v and_o bring_v any_o thing_n with_o they_o pay_v toll_n and_o those_o of_o cantone_n be_v use_v with_o most_o rigour_n just_a like_o spaniard_n in_o a_o french_a inn_n i_o know_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o but_o only_o a_o certain_a indignation_n which_o they_o have_v against_o they_o the_o magistrate_n of_o this_o court_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o those_o of_o other_o crown_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o world_n and_o be_v therefore_o a_o pattern_n of_o that_o uprightness_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o i_o mean_v concern_v the_o pomp_n and_o equipage_n of_o their_o person_n which_o be_v very_o moderate_a they_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o sedan_n or_o chair_n unless_o it_o be_v some_o few_o of_o more_o particular_a dignity_n the_o great_a part_n ride_v on_o horseback_n and_o because_o they_o be_v ill_a horseman_n their_o horse_n be_v guide_v by_o two_o servant_n that_o go_v by_o they_o one_o on_o each_o side_n the_o horse_n lest_o their_o master_n shall_v fall_v each_o judge_n of_o a_o village_n without_o the_o precinct_n of_o the_o court_n use_v more_o state_n than_o the_o most_o eminent_a minister_n in_o the_o court_n they_o walk_v in_o the_o street_n with_o their_o face_n cover_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dust_n which_o be_v very_o much_o as_o also_o for_o convenience_n and_o to_o avoid_v both_o expense_n and_o ceremony_n with_o the_o mandarinesse_n for_o not_o be_v know_v they_o dissemble_v as_o if_o they_o see_v they_o not_o and_o make_v no_o stay_n to_o verify_v that_o axiom_n that_o where_o one_o be_v least_o know_v there_o be_v more_o pleasure_n and_o convenience_n to_o be_v enjoy_v the_o cold_a which_o this_o country_n suffer_v be_v much_o great_a than_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o the_o latitude_n of_o 40._o degree_n the_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v so_o hard_o freeze_v over_o that_o they_o drive_v cart_n over_o they_o without_o any_o danger_n they_o make_v use_v of_o stove_n that_o be_v more_o convenient_a than_o we_o and_o be_v not_o so_o much_o fuel_n convey_v the_o heat_n by_o pipe_n lay_v under_o ground_n and_o so_o within_o door_n enjoy_v a_o pleasant_a spring_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o winter_n the_o same_o heat_n supply_v also_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o mean_n thereof_o the_o tree_n be_v clothe_v with_o leaf_n and_o flower_n before_o their_o time_n in_o the_o court_n we_o have_v a_o fair_a church_n build_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o europe_n and_o a_o house_n wherein_o reside_v 4_o father_n by_o licence_n from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v in_o much_o esteem_n with_o all_o the_o magistrate_n beside_o the_o church_n in_o all_o the_o place_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a part_n whereof_o be_v large_a city_n there_o be_v also_o many_o other_o habitation_n of_o christian_n which_o have_v their_o oratory_n which_o be_v visit_v by_o we_o at_o set_a time_n catechise_v and_o baptise_v the_o new_a christian_n confer_v and_o administer_a the_o holy_a sacrament_n to_o the_o other_o the_o sixth_o and_o last_o province_n be_v leaotùm_fw-la the_o northern_a bind_v of_o that_o kingdom_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o root_n which_o it_o produce_v of_o so_o high_a esteem_n that_o at_o my_o departure_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v sell_v for_o twice_o the_o weight_n in_o silver_n it_o be_v so_o excellent_a a_o medicine_n that_o if_o those_o which_o be_v in_o health_n do_v take_v it_o it_o augment_v their_o strength_n and_o vigour_n and_o if_o it_o be_v give_v to_o a_o sick_a person_n it_o do_v marvellous_o comfort_v and_o warm_v he_o it_o be_v call_v ginsem_n this_o province_n be_v the_o frontier_n next_o tartarium_fw-la be_v much_o waste_v and_o be_v in_o part_n possess_v by_o the_o tartar_n here_o be_v see_v that_o famous_a wall_n so_o much_o talk_v off_o which_o run_v nine_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n with_o more_o reputation_n than_o effect_n for_o beside_o that_o its_o own_o greatness_n and_o extant_a be_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o ruinous_a the_o enemy_n have_v now_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o miserable_a condition_n chap._n 4._o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o chiness_n of_o their_o nature_n wit_n and_o inclination_n the_o people_n of_o china_n be_v white_z like_v we_o in_o europe_n although_o in_o the_o province_n of_o cantone_n lie_v something_o within_o the_o tropic_a they_o be_v of_o something_o a_o brown_a colour_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o island_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o main_a land_n and_o because_o those_o which_o come_v hither_o be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v borderer_n upon_o macao_n the_o centre_n of_o those_o island_n some_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o all_o that_o kingdom_n any_o people_n very_o white_a but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o except_v the_o confine_n of_o cantone_n where_o they_o be_v something_o brown_a the_o rest_n be_v all_o white_a not_o unlike_a to_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o northward_o one_o go_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o as_o be_v usual_o see_v be_v the_o whiteness_n the_o great_a they_o suffer_v the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n to_o grow_v as_o long_o as_o it_o will_v both_o man_n and_o woman_n they_o be_v general_o all_o black-haired_a hence_o come_v that_o name_n by_o which_o this_o kingdom_n be_v call_v among_o other_o nation_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o black-haired_a people_n they_o have_v also_o black_a eye_n which_o be_v very_o little_a little_a nose_n and_o neither_o large_a nor_o high_a one_o as_o among_o we_o which_o form_n they_o like_v not_o account_v it_o a_o deformity_n they_o have_v but_o little_a beard_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nor_o do_v they_o care_v to_o have_v much_o although_o some_o of_o they_o have_v so_o they_o delight_v to_o have_v it_o black_a which_o be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a colour_n although_o some_o few_o have_v red_a beard_n which_o although_o it_o be_v not_o abhor_v by_o all_o as_o among_o the_o theban_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o esteem_v or_o like_v among_o they_o by_o any_o they_o clip_v not_o their_o beard_n let_v it_o grow_v according_a to_o nature_n they_o will_v be_v more_o trouble_v to_o loose_v one_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n than_o all_o the_o hair_n of_o their_o face_n they_o do_v also_o in_o neatness_n and_o curiousness_n about_o their_o hair_n exceed_v all_o other_o nation_n they_o have_v for_o this_o purpose_n many_o barber_n of_o who_o it_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o they_o usurp_v that_o name_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o beard_n which_o they_o never_o touch_v employ_v all_o their_o diligence_n and_o art_n in_o kemb_v and_o cleanse_v the_o head_n the_o young_a child_n be_v better_o proportion_v and_o have_v a_o more_o please_a symmetry_n of_o beauty_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o more_o particular_o in_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o some_o place_n have_v the_o advantage_n in_o this_o above_o other_o as_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankim_n the_o city_n of_o nancheu_fw-la where_o the_o woman_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o all_o other_o in_o beauty_n as_o former_o in_o portugal_n those_o of_o the_o town_n of_o guimaranes_n from_o hence_o the_o rich_a man_n and_o the_o magistrate_n provide_v themselves_o with_o concubine_n and_o so_o this_o gift_n of_o nature_n come_v to_o be_v of_o great_a esteem_n for_o their_o sake_n who_o be_v the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o world_n as_o their_o age_n begin_v to_o decline_v from_o 25_o to_o 30_o year_n old_a they_o lose_v not_o only_a much_o of_o the_o liveliness_n of_o their_o colour_n but_o also_o of_o the_o symmetry_n and_o proportion_n of_o their_o shape_n so_o that_o ordinary_o they_o become_v ill-favoured_a the_o disposition_n of_o their_o body_n be_v good_a their_o strength_n vigorous_a and_o they_o be_v great_a pains-taker_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o their_o land_n which_o be_v
ability_n to_o the_o shame_n of_o those_o nation_n which_o have_v no_o eye_n to_o see_v but_o such_o as_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o disparagement_n of_o what_o they_o behold_v they_o be_v not_o less_o ingenious_a mechanic_n than_o the_o manufacture_n which_o come_v from_o thence_o show_v they_o to_o be_v although_o all_o which_o come_v be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o best_a master_n they_o be_v very_o excellent_a in_o work_n of_o ivory_n ebony_n and_o amber_n especial_o in_o eare-jewel_n pendant_n and_o gallantry_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o ornament_n of_o woman_n they_o make_v chain_n to_o admiration_n there_o be_v one_o bring_v from_o thence_o to_o goa_n which_o consist_v of_o 300_o link_n weigh_v not_o 3_o ounce_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o work_n be_v so_o fine_a and_o small_a that_o the_o link_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v discern_v they_o have_v altogether_o relinquish_v to_o europe_n to_o be_v serve_v in_o plate_n there_o be_v scarce_o find_v among_o they_o a_o vessel_n of_o silver_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n no_o not_o in_o the_o emperor_n palace_n be_v content_a to_o eat_v in_o porcelain_n which_o be_v the_o only_a vessel_n in_o the_o world_n for_o neat_a and_o delightful_a cleanliness_n there_o gold-thread_n be_v of_o less_o weight_n and_o worth_n than_o we_o they_o have_v a_o way_n of_o twist_v of_o it_o about_o paper_n which_o make_v it_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o be_v right_a and_o massy_a and_o be_v a_o admirable_a artifice_n the_o workmanship_n of_o europe_n which_o they_o most_o admire_v be_v our_o clock_n but_o now_o they_o make_v of_o they_o such_o as_o be_v set_v upon_o table_n very_o good_a one_o and_o will_v be_v able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a in_o small_a one_o if_o the_o price_n of_o they_o there_o do_v equal_a we_o although_o they_o make_v some_o thing_n who_o price_n will_v be_v excessive_a if_o we_o shall_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v make_v here_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o general_a we_o do_v much_o exceed_v they_o in_o manufacture_n and_o mechanic_n art_n except_o it_o be_v in_o that_o same_o charam_n which_o be_v indeed_o a_o singular_a artifice_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n of_o a_o admirable_a acuteness_n so_o that_o that_o may_v be_v worthy_o appropriate_v to_o they_o that_o aristotle_n so_o free_o bestow_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n say_v that_o asia_n exceed_v europe_n in_o ingenuity_n but_o be_v exceed_v by_o europe_n in_o valour_n this_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o approve_v to_o we_o by_o experience_n there_o be_v many_o which_o even_o to_o this_o day_n do_v call_v the_o chiness_n barbarian_n as_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o negro_n of_o guynea_n or_o the_o tapuyi_n of_o brasile_n i_o have_v blush_v to_o hear_v some_o style_v they_o so_o have_v be_v teach_v the_o contrary_a by_o many_o year_n travel_n among_o they_o although_o the_o fame_n and_o manufacture_n of_o china_n be_v sufficient_a to_o teach_v it_o we_o it_o be_v now_o many_o year_n that_o we_o have_v hear_v the_o one_o and_o see_v the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o great_a shame_n true_o but_o although_o in_o this_o relation_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o may_v satisfy_v we_o concern_v the_o subtlety_n of_o their_o wit_n yet_o i_o will_v give_v you_o one_o example_n in_o this_o follow_a case_n a_o certain_a chaquen_n that_o be_v a_o visitour_n of_o a_o province_n one_o of_o the_o most_o important_a employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n receive_v of_o his_o visit_n after_o a_o few_o day_n be_v over_o shut_v up_o his_o gate_n and_o refuse_v to_o admit_v any_o further_o their_o business_n or_o visit_n pretend_v for_o his_o excuse_n that_o he_o be_v sick_a this_o accident_n be_v divulge_v a_o certain_a mandarine_n a_o friend_n of_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v much_o trouble_v at_o it_o and_o with_o much_o ado_n obtain_v leave_v to_o speak_v with_o he_o when_o he_o be_v admit_v he_o give_v he_o notice_n of_o the_o discontent_n that_o be_v in_o the_o city_n by_o reason_n that_o business_n be_v not_o dispatch_v the_o other_o put_v he_o off_o with_o the_o same_o excuse_n of_o his_o sickness_n i_o see_v no_o sign_n of_o it_o reply_v his_o friend_n but_o if_o your_o lordship_n will_v be_v please_v to_o tell_v i_o the_o true_a cause_n i_o will_v serve_v you_o in_o it_o to_o my_o utmost_a power_n conformable_a to_o that_o affection_n i_o bear_v you_o in_o my_o heart_n know_v then_o reply_v the_o visitour_n they_o have_v steal_v the_o king_n seal_n out_o of_o the_o cabinet_n where_o it_o use_v to_o be_v keep_v leave_v it_o lock_v as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v touch_v so_o that_o if_o i_o will_v give_v audience_n i_o have_v not_o where_o withal_o to_o seal_v dispatch_n if_o i_o shall_v discover_v my_o negligence_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o seal_n i_o shall_v loose_v you_o know_v both_o my_o government_n and_o my_o life_n so_o that_o i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o do_v unless_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v in_o suspense_n as_o i_o do_v the_o which_o be_v but_o little_a avail_n to_o i_o 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king_n and_o subject_n elder_a brother_n and_o young_a brother_n and_o friend_n among_o themselves_o all_o their_o morality_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o member_n the_o first_o they_o call_v divine_a morality_n which_o treat_v only_o of_o ceremony_n rite_n and_o sacrifice_n which_o they_o make_v to_o heaven_n earth_n the_o planet_n part_n of_o the_o world_n good_a and_o bad_a spirit_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o earth_n mountain_n river_n tutelary_a spirit_n soul_n of_o the_o dead_a hero_n and_o famous_a man_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o be_v their_o politic_a and_o civil_a morality_n this_o be_v divide_v into_o ethique_n which_o order_v the_o manner_n and_o action_n of_o mankind_n as_o they_o be_v consider_v in_o relation_n to_o their_o own_o person_n and_o into_o oeconomie_n in_o order_n to_o the_o government_n of_o their_o family_n and_o into_o politic_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o public_a good_a and_o conservation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 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and_o money_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o chiness_n in_o their_o banquet_n by_o reason_n they_o be_v almost_o continual_o at_o they_o there_o be_v no_o meeting_n departure_n or_o arrival_n or_o any_o prosperous_a success_n of_o a_o friend_n or_o kinsman_n which_o be_v not_o celebrate_v with_o a_o banquet_n nor_o any_o accident_n of_o disgustor_n grief_n for_o which_o they_o do_v not_o likewise_o make_v a_o banquet_n of_o consolation_n nor_o any_o business_n of_o importance_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o at_o a_o banquet_n neither_o without_o one_o do_v they_o begin_v any_o work_n or_o finish_v any_o building_n they_o make_v many_o other_o upon_o no_o other_o motive_n but_o this_o comedamus_fw-la &_o bibamus_fw-la cras_fw-la enim_fw-la moriemur_fw-la let_v we_o eat_v and_o drink_v for_o to_o morrow_n we_o shall_v die_v it_o be_v very_o ordinary_a among_o the_o common_a people_n and_o particular_o among_o officer_n of_o the_o same_o office_n to_o have_v co-fraternity_n which_o they_o call_v a_o brotherhood_n of_o the_o month_n the_o brotherhood_n consist_v of_o thirty_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o day_n therein_o and_o in_o a_o circle_n they_o go_v every_o day_n to_o eat_v at_o one_o another_o house_n by_o turn_n make_v a_o banquet_n like_o that_o of_o the_o son_n of_o job._n if_o they_o have_v not_o convenience_n to_o receive_v they_o in_o their_o own_o house_n they_o provide_v it_o at_o another_o man_n there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n many_o public_a house_n very_o well_o furnish_v for_o this_o purpose_n if_o he_o will_v have_v it_o at_o home_n but_o without_o any_o trouble_n to_o his_o family_n he_o appoint_v how_o many_o mess_n he_o will_v have_v how_o many_o dish_n and_o what_o meat_n and_o they_o be_v bring_v home_o to_o he_o very_o well_o dress_v those_o of_o the_o north_n be_v very_o much_o different_a from_o they_o of_o the_o south_n for_o they_o of_o the_o south_n be_v very_o exact_a even_o to_o the_o least_o matter_n in_o these_o courtesy_n of_o banquet_n and_o they_o do_v esteem_v themselves_o more_o friendly_a and_o courteous_a than_o the_o other_o as_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v in_o their_o banquet_n they_o be_v more_o careful_a to_o have_v variety_n and_o to_o have_v it_o well_o dress_v than_o for_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o meat_n and_o feast_v more_o for_o conversation_n and_o to_o treat_v with_o one_o another_o than_o to_o eat_v and_o drink_v although_o they_o do_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o pretty_a well_o they_o drink_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o feast_n and_o so_o continue_v it_o with_o wine_n and_o meat_n without_o bread_n or_o rice_n till_o the_o guest_n say_v they_o have_v have_v wine_n enough_o then_o present_o the_o rice_n be_v bring_v and_o the_o glass_n be_v set_v by_o and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o drink_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n their_o custom_n be_v contrary_a to_o this_o the_o ceremony_n be_v but_o few_o the_o mess_n well_o furnish_v the_o dish_n large_a and_o full_a and_o when_o the_o ordinary_a ceremony_n be_v perform_v which_o be_v usual_a through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o begin_v with_o the_o meat_n and_o every_o one_o take_v that_o which_o please_v he_o best_o and_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v eat_v meanwhile_n without_o quench_a thirst_n either_o with_o wine_n or_o water_n for_o than_o they_o drink_v neither_o they_o conclude_v with_o rice_n when_o the_o dish_n be_v take_v away_o they_o discourse_v about_o a_o hour_n and_o then_o they_o serve_v in_o other_o only_o of_o salt_n meat_n as_o gammon_n of_o bacon_n tongue_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o they_o call_v guide_n that_o be_v of_o wine_n and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o drink_v to_o speak_v in_o general_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o do_v not_o usual_o drink_v wine_n neither_o at_o dinner_n which_o be_v in_o the_o morning_n five_o hour_n before_o noon_n nor_o at_o supper_n which_o be_v about_o four_o a_o cloak_n in_o the_o afternoon_n but_o at_o night_n before_o they_o go_v to_o bed_n then_o use_v salt_n meat_n as_o be_v abovesaid_a and_o for_o this_o reason_n their_o banquet_n be_v most_o common_o at_o night_n make_v use_n of_o the_o daylight_n for_o their_o study_n and_o business_n supply_v this_o light_n at_o night_n with_o candle_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a quantity_n make_v of_o a_o certain_a oil_n which_o they_o harden_v up_o with_o a_o little_a wax_n which_o serve_v they_o in_o the_o winter_n reserve_v for_o the_o summer_n those_o which_o be_v make_v of_o wax_n of_o which_o they_o have_v three_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v bee_n wax_v the_o other_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o hole_n of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o snake_n much_o better_a than_o the_o other_o and_o much_o white_a without_o any_o art_n use_v to_o it_o the_o three_o be_v take_v from_o a_o tree_n who_o fruit_n be_v like_o our_o filbert_n and_o the_o meat_n very_o white_a and_o though_o this_o last_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o our_o wax_n yet_o it_o be_v better_a than_o suet_n it_o melt_v very_o well_o and_o make_v very_o good_a candle_n the_o people_n of_o the_o better_a quality_n make_v banquet_n of_o more_o state_n for_o they_o have_v house_n of_o recreation_n either_o in_o the_o city_n or_o very_o near_o it_o for_o this_o purpose_n adorn_v with_o many_o costly_a picture_n and_o other_o curiosity_n and_o if_o the_o person_n invite_v be_v a_o officer_n or_o man_n of_o great_a quality_n although_o the_o use_n of_o tapestrie-hanging_a in_o china_n be_v very_o rare_a yet_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o these_o they_o hang_v their_o house_n with_o they_o very_o curious_o even_o the_o â—eeling_n and_o all_o the_o number_n of_o their_o table_n show_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o banquet_n one_o table_n for_o four_o or_o one_o for_o two_o be_v ordinary_a but_o for_o person_n of_o great_a account_n they_o set_v one_o table_n for_o each_o and_o sometime_o two_o one_o to_o eat_v at_o and_o the_o other_o to_o set_v the_o dish_n on_o the_o table_n at_o these_o banquet_n have_v all_o frontall_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o linen_n hang_v down_o from_o the_o edge_n but_o neither_o tablecloth_n nor_o napkin_n use_v only_o their_o charan_n a_o neat_a and_o polish_a varnish_n with_o which_o their_o table_n be_v cover_v they_o lay_v no_o knife_n the_o meat_n be_v all_o carve_v out_o before_o it_o come_v from_o the_o kitchen_n nor_o fork_n use_v two_o little_a stick_n with_o which_o they_o eat_v very_o dexterous_o they_o set_v neither_o salt_n pepper_n nor_o vinegar_n but_o yet_o muster_v and_o other_o sauce_n of_o which_o they_o have_v many_o and_o very_o good_a they_o serve_v in_o at_o the_o same_o banquet_n flesh_n and_o fish_n boil_v and_o roast_a fry_v meat_n and_o meat_n in_o pottage_n and_o white-broth_n and_o several_a other_o viand_n dress_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o very_o good_a they_o use_v broth_n much_o but_o they_o never_o serve_v up_o any_o without_o flesh_n or_o fish_n in_o it_o or_o a_o kind_n of_o paste_n like_o that_o which_o the_o italian_n call_v vermicelli_n ancient_o they_o use_v neither_o table_n nor_o seat_n but_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n they_o sit_v and_o eat_v upon_o the_o pavement_n cover_v with_o mat_n and_o to_o this_o day_n their_o writing_n and_o book_n speak_v of_o table_n use_v for_o the_o significative_a letter_n of_o table_n that_o which_o signify_v a_o mat_n the_o giapponess_n with_o most_o of_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n even_o to_o this_o day_n keep_v their_o ancient_a custom_n of_o sit_v and_o eat_v upon_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o chiness_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o han_n have_v use_v seat_n and_o table_n of_o which_o they_o have_v many_o beautiful_a one_o and_o of_o several_a fashion_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o their_o invitation_n courtesy_n and_o entertainment_n they_o have_v much_o superfluity_n as_o well_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o guest_n as_o at_o the_o beginning_n prosecution_n and_o conclusion_n of_o their_o banquet_n before_o they_o begin_v to_o eat_v the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n invit_v they_o to_o fall_v to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o feast_n they_o change_v their_o little_a cup_n for_o great_a they_o force_v none_o to_o drink_v but_o modest_o invite_v they_o the_o time_n when_o they_o most_o common_o and_o infallible_o make_v their_o banquet_n be_v the_o festival_n day_n both_o of_o the_o year_n and_o of_o each_o man_n in_o particular_a as_o marriage_n etc._n etc._n beside_o other_o infinity_n occasion_n above_o mention_v the_o better_a sort_n of_o people_n when_o one_o take_v a_o journey_n or_o return_n from_o another_o country_n do_v make_v a_o feast_n and_o it_o fall_v out_o many_o time_n that_o on_o the_o same_o day_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o go_v to_o seven_o or_o eight_o
too_o and_o especial_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o minister_n who_o lay_v aside_o the_o ensign_n of_o their_o dignity_n which_o be_v both_o of_o authority_n and_o ornament_n to_o they_o do_v change_v they_o for_o other_o of_o mourn_v and_o sorrow_n as_o their_o girdle_n which_o common_o they_o wear_v very_o rich_a into_o a_o rope_n of_o course_n hemp_n and_o their_o cap_n which_o be_v of_o black_a silk_n into_o one_o make_v of_o the_o course_n cloth_n for_o mourn_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o go_v four_o month_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o obsequy_n the_o common_a people_n wear_v only_o a_o mourn_a cap_n for_o four_o and_o twenty_o day_n with_o so_o much_o exactness_n that_o he_o that_o neglect_v it_o be_v punish_v the_o second_o day_n the_o king_n leave_v the_o palace_n where_o he_o dwell_v pass_v over_o to_o those_o of_o his_o decease_a mother_n which_o although_o they_o be_v within_o the_o same_o wall_n yet_o stand_v at_o some_o distance_n they_o clothe_v the_o dead_a body_n in_o white_a very_o rich_o and_o every_o day_n till_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o coffin_n the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n with_o all_o the_o people_n of_o his_o palace_n to_o visit_v she_o and_o to_o perform_v those_o ordinary_a reverence_n and_o compliment_n use_v by_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n put_v rich_a odour_n and_o spice_n into_o a_o perfume_a pan_n which_o stand_v before_o she_o all_o his_o woman_n son_n and_o nephew_n as_o also_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a eunuch_n of_o the_o palace_n do_v the_o like_a with_o all_o solemnity_n then_o present_o by_o the_o king_n command_n the_o garment_n bed_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o queen_n use_v be_v burn_v judge_v it_o a_o unworthy_a thing_n that_o ever_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o any_o person_n inferior_a to_o she_o in_o dignity_n and_o authority_n on_o the_o three_o day_n the_o body_n be_v put_v into_o the_o coffin_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o matter_n thereof_o may_v be_v easy_o imagine_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o even_o for_o private_a person_n the_o price_n of_o one_o amount_v many_o time_n to_o a_o thousand_o crown_n the_o board_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o the_o coffin_n very_o capacious_a there_o the_o king_n himself_o place_v she_o upon_o a_o quilt_n and_o a_o pillow_n which_o be_v there_o lay_v strew_v upon_o she_o pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 70000._o crown_n and_o place_v by_o her_o side_n fifty_o piece_n of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o fifty_o of_o cloth_n of_o silver_n which_o true_o will_v have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v maintain_v a_o gallant_a man_n all_o his_o life_n time_n the_o coffin_n be_v shut_v and_o the_o king_n with_o the_o rest_n make_v their_o accustom_a reverence_n and_o depart_v on_o the_o four_o day_n the_o ceremony_n be_v continue_v clothing_n themselves_o in_o a_o more_o austere_a and_o horrid_a mourn_v for_o to_o celebrate_v the_o sacrifice_n which_o in_o reality_n be_v not_o sacrifice_n but_o offering_n and_o pure_a ceremony_n the_o coffin_n be_v place_v in_o a_o spacious_a court_n as_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o high_a throne_n and_o about_o it_o stand_v fifteen_o table_n the_o first_o that_o be_v in_o the_o front_n be_v for_o the_o king_n the_o rest_n for_o his_o woman_n son_n and_o principal_a eunuch_n who_o after_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o order_n make_v their_o offering_n with_o perfume_n and_o reverence_n on_o the_o five_o day_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o those_o who_o dwell_v without_o the_o palace_n there_o be_v assemble_v all_o the_o nobility_n and_o titulados_fw-mi which_o they_o call_v que_fw-fr cùm_fw-la chu_n cheu_n heupè_fw-la who_o do_v all_o succeed_v by_o inheritance_n after_o these_o followed_z all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o affinity_n and_o alliance_n with_o the_o king_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v marry_v to_o his_o daughter_n or_o niece_n after_o these_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n and_o after_o these_o come_v the_o wife_n of_o the_o great_a officer_n who_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n each_o in_o that_o which_o appertain_v to_o he_o whether_o it_o be_v concern_v the_o revenue_n or_o the_o militia_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n all_o these_o in_o their_o order_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n abovesaid_a and_o so_o there_o be_v a_o period_n put_v to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o palace_n before_o the_o funeral_n for_o abroad_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n command_v and_o several_a edict_n publish_v in_o which_o be_v intimate_v first_o that_o all_o mandarines_n both_o of_o the_o gown_n and_o sword_n shall_v make_v their_o appearance_n at_o the_o palace_n the_o day_n follow_v to_o bewail_v the_o decease_a queen_n which_o do_v without_o return_v to_o their_o house_n they_o shall_v go_v direct_o to_o their_o tribunal_n there_o to_o remain_v and_o keep_v a_o fast_o for_o three_o day_n without_o eat_v flesh_n fish_n or_o egg_n or_o drink_v any_o wine_n that_o do_v for_o the_o space_n of_o other_o three_o day_n they_o shall_v come_v all_o to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o there_o in_o their_o order_n one_o by_o one_o shall_v make_v four_o accustom_a reverence_n with_o some_o other_o external_a sign_n of_o grief_n and_o then_o return_v home_o to_o their_o house_n the_o second_o that_o all_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o mandarines_n from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o four_o degree_n clothe_v from_o head_n to_o foot_n in_o close_a mourning_n shall_v assemble_v at_o the_o same_o place_n and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n lament_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n and_o that_o afterward_o at_o their_o own_o house_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o seven_o day_n they_o shall_v not_o put_v on_o their_o jewel_n ornament_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o that_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a council_n call_v han_n lin_n shall_v all_o make_v poem_n verse_n and_o composition_n in_o praise_n of_o the_o decease_a queen_n the_o four_o that_o they_o of_o the_o quan_fw-mi lo_o sum_n that_o be_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n and_o revenue_n shall_v with_o all_o diligence_n and_o liberality_n provide_v what_o ever_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o expense_n of_o the_o funeral_n the_o five_o that_o all_o the_o bonzi_n and_o minister_n of_o the_o idol_n shall_v ring_v their_o bell_n for_o a_o long_a time_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o sorrow_n and_o grief_n the_o six_o that_o for_o thirteen_o day_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o flesh_n kill_v or_o sell_v in_o the_o shambles_n but_o that_o all_o shall_v fast_v as_o the_o king_n do_v who_o for_o the_o first_o three_o day_n do_v eat_v only_o a_o little_a rice_n boil_a in_o fair_a water_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n puâ—se_o only_o the_o seven_o there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o chamber_n that_o they_o shall_v present_v mourn_a garment_n to_o all_o the_o ambassador_n who_o do_v then_o actual_o reside_v in_o the_o court_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o palace_n and_o perform_v one_o day_n the_o ceremony_n and_o compliment_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n do_v the_o eight_o that_o all_o mandarines_n that_o have_v finish_v their_o government_n and_o all_o new_a pretender_n shall_v come_v for_o three_o day_n to_o the_o palace_n to_o do_v the_o same_o reverence_n and_o ceremony_n the_o nine_o that_o the_o common_a people_n for_o a_o week_n together_o shall_v do_v the_o same_o morning_n and_o evening_n at_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n beside_o this_o all_o the_o mandarines_n disperse_v through_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v write_v to_o that_o at_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o news_n of_o the_o queen-mothers_n decease_n they_o shall_v give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o all_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o the_o male_a line_n and_o to_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o order_n that_o they_o shall_v make_v the_o three_o accustom_a reverence_n and_o other_o ceremony_n on_o their_o knee_n and_o immediate_o to_o clothe_v themselves_o in_o mourn_v for_o seven_o and_o twenty_o day_n this_o order_n be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o mandarines_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o to_o those_o that_o have_v govern_v as_o to_o those_o that_o do_v actual_o govern_v as_o also_o to_o all_o litterati_fw-la of_o what_o degree_n soever_o as_o likewise_o to_o those_o that_o have_v not_o receive_v any_o degree_n to_o the_o common_a people_n there_o be_v order_n give_v that_o they_o shall_v wear_v mourn_a cap_n for_o thirteen_o day_n moreover_o it_o be_v order_v that_o as_o well_o in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o
any_o of_o these_o thing_n the_o mandarines_n take_v themselves_o large_a share_n of_o they_o and_o if_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o people_n sacrifice_n such_o as_o be_v the_o head_n of_o family_n it_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o kindred_n the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n after_o they_o have_v make_v their_o offering_n which_o be_v common_o boil_a before_o hand_n take_v up_o every_o thing_n again_o then_o have_v dress_v it_o anew_o according_a to_o their_o fancy_n they_o make_v a_o feast_n with_o it_o where_o it_o be_v all_o eat_v they_o sacrifice_v many_o other_o thing_n as_o banner_n and_o umbrella_n all_o of_o silk_n several_a figure_n mould_v in_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o else_o make_v of_o orpine_n or_o base_a gold_n great_a sum_n of_o money_n make_v of_o cut_a paper_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v ready_o make_v in_o the_o market_n place_n at_o the_o shop_n of_o several_a artificer_n and_o after_o they_o be_v sacrifice_v they_o burn_v they_o all_o every_o man_n offer_v sacrifice_n without_o any_o difference_n they_o have_v no_o determinate_a minister_n appoint_v for_o this_o act_n neither_o indeed_o have_v they_o for_o other_o thing_n as_o for_o office_n or_o divine_a service_n burial_n to_o sing_v and_o officiate_v at_o they_o with_o any_o exactness_n it_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o king_n to_o sacrifice_v to_o heaven_n the_o earth_n sun_n moon_n planet_n and_o star_n and_o if_o any_o other_o shall_v do_v it_o in_o public_a he_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o great_a crime_n for_o this_o end_n they_o have_v two_o most_o famous_a temple_n at_o the_o two_o court_n where_o the_o king_n sacrifice_v at_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n go_v thither_o himself_o in_o person_n and_o if_o he_o can_v go_v he_o send_v some_o other_o to_o officiate_v in_o his_o stead_n the_o great_a lord_n and_o those_o who_o be_v titelados_n sacrifice_n to_o the_o mountain_n lake_n etc._n etc._n the_o gentleman_n and_o officer_n to_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hill_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o rest_n as_o to_o their_o idol_n their_o household-god_n genij_fw-la or_o tutelar_a angel_n any_o one_o sacrifice_v that_o will_n there_o be_v set_v time_n and_o place_n appoint_v for_o it_o except_o at_o sometime_o they_o do_v accommodate_v themselves_o both_o to_o the_o occasion_n and_o place_n as_o when_o any_o one_o be_v to_o take_v a_o voyage_n by_o water_n he_o offer_v sacrifice_n on_o the_o day_n whereon_o he_o depart_v and_o that_o either_o in_o the_o bark_n or_o on_o the_o next_o shore_n chap._n 20._o of_o the_o militia_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o chiness_n the_o knowledge_n and_o skill_n of_o war_n and_o military_a affair_n be_v very_o ancient_a among_o the_o chiness_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o book_n and_o history_n and_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o they_o have_v conquer_v many_o famous_a kingdom_n it_o be_v also_o common_o believe_v 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the_o soldiery_n whether_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o into_o a_o body_n and_o if_o any_o be_v find_v miss_v there_o be_v a_o other_o put_v in_o his_o place_n and_o in_o that_o place_n and_o degree_n into_o which_o they_o be_v once_o admit_v they_o almost_o ever_o remain_v or_o be_v but_o little_o advance_v i_o say_v almost_o always_o because_o on_o the_o frontier_n if_o any_o soldier_n perform_v any_o notable_a exploit_n they_o sometime_o make_v he_o a_o captain_n and_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o his_o degree_n without_o be_v examine_v but_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o fall_v out_o very_o rare_o for_o to_o make_v captain_n lieutenant_n and_o corporal_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v examination_n and_o in_o they_o two_o degree_n be_v confer_v which_o to_o make_v they_o be_v the_o better_o understand_v we_o will_v call_v licentiat_v in_o arm_n and_o doctor_n in_o arm_n the_o first_o examination_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n whither_o all_o pretender_n do_v resort_n and_o in_o the_o same_o university_n or_o general_a palace_n where_o the_o student_n be_v examine_v and_o there_o they_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v give_v they_o for_o a_o point_n or_o theme_n certain_a doubt_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v with_o their_o pen_n make_v thereon_o discourse_n and_o composition_n the_o speculative_a trial_n be_v end_v they_o come_v to_o the_o practic_n they_o must_v shoot_v nine_o arrow_n stand_v still_o upon_o their_o foot_n and_o other_o nine_o on_o horseback_n against_o a_o great_a target_n while_o the_o horse_n be_v in_o his_o speed_n and_o of_o those_o who_o behave_v themselves_o best_a both_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o shoot_v and_o in_o that_o of_o compose_v some_o be_v choose_v on_o who_o the_o first_o degree_n be_v confer_v which_o have_v also_o its_o ensign_n and_o ornament_n the_o second_o degree_n be_v confer_v at_o court_n in_o the_o same_o year_n where_o all_o those_o who_o have_v obtain_v the_o 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musket-bore_a they_o do_v stock_n three_o and_o sometime_o four_o of_o these_o together_o and_o shoot_v they_o off_o all_o at_o once_o in_o their_o ship_n of_o war_n they_o carry_v gun_n but_o they_o be_v very_o small_a one_o neither_o do_v they_o know_v how_o to_o level_v they_o at_o a_o mark_n but_o now_o since_o the_o officer_n of_o china_n have_v make_v many_o fire-arme_n in_o machao_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o portughess_n musket_n begin_v to_o come_v into_o china_n but_o the_o arm_n which_o they_o common_o serve_v with_o be_v bow_n and_o arrow_n lance_n scimitar_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o the_o city_n of_o macao_n send_v for_o a_o present_a to_o the_o king_n three_o great_a piece_n of_o cannon_n with_o their_o cannoneer_n belong_v to_o they_o to_o acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o use_n of_o they_o which_z according_o they_o do_v in_o pekim_n to_o the_o great_a affrightment_n of_o many_o mandarines_n who_o will_v needs_o be_v present_a to_o see_v they_o discharge_v at_o which_o time_n there_o fall_v out_o a_o unhappy_a accident_n which_o be_v that_o one_o of_o the_o gun_n violent_o recoil_v kill_v one_o portughese_n and_o three_o or_o four_o chiness_n beside_o many_o more_o that_o be_v scared_n these_o gun_n be_v high_o esteem_v and_o carry_v to_o the_o frontier_n against_o the_o tartar_n who_o not_o know_v of_o this_o new_a invention_n and_o come_v on_o many_o together_o in_o a_o close_a body_n receive_v such_o a_o slaughter_n from_o a_o iron_n piece_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o put_v to_o flight_n at_o that_o time_n but_o go_v on_o ever_o after_o with_o more_o caution_n for_o defensive_a arm_n they_o use_v round_a buckler_n cask_n or_o headpiece_n and_o certain_a plate_n of_o iron_n three_o finger_n broad_a lay_v one_o upon_o another_o of_o which_o they_o make_v back_o and_o brest-piece_n they_o be_v but_o of_o little_a proof_n and_o be_v make_v only_o against_o arrow_n in_o a_o word_n both_o their_o arm_n and_o soldier_n be_v but_o little_a worth_n at_o this_o time_n the_o occasion_n thereof_o be_v many_o the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a ease_n and_o idleness_n in_o which_o they_o have_v live_v these_o many_o year_n since_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v free_a from_o war_n the_o second_o be_v the_o great_a account_n they_o make_v of_o learning_n and_o the_o little_a esteem_n they_o have_v of_o arm_n so_o that_o the_o least_o magistrate_n will_v dare_v to_o baffle_v a_o captain_n of_o arm_n let_v he_o be_v never_o so_o great_a the_o three_o be_v their_o manner_n of_o elect_a captain_n by_o way_n of_o examination_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v all_o raw_a soldier_n that_o understand_v nothing_o in_o matter_n of_o war_n the_o four_o be_v because_o all_o soldier_n be_v either_o courageous_a by_o nature_n or_o spur_v on_o to_o gallantry_n by_o the_o example_n of_o those_o noble_a person_n who_o lead_v they_o or_o else_o they_o be_v animate_v by_o the_o discipline_n their_o captain_n do_v bring_v they_o up_o in_o but_o the_o soldier_n of_o china_n want_v all_o these_o occasion_n for_o common_o their_o courage_n be_v but_o little_a their_o nobility_n less_o their_o education_n lest_o of_o all_o for_o they_o will_v bastinado_v a_o soldier_n for_o any_o fault_n as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o child_n that_o go_v to_o school_v the_o five_o because_o in_o their_o army_n over_o all_o the_o captain_n and_o also_o the_o general_n himself_o there_o go_v a_o generalissimo_n who_o be_v always_o a_o man_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n this_o man_n march_v always_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o main_a battalion_n and_o from_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n be_v many_o time_n a_o day_n journey_n off_o so_o that_o he_o be_v too_o remote_a to_o give_v order_n and_o to_o run_v away_o in_o any_o case_n of_o danger_n he_o be_v
the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o side_n yet_o at_o the_o last_o the_o chiness_n have_v the_o victory_n so_o great_a endeavour_n will_v man_n use_v to_o defend_v their_o own_o home_n a_o little_a while_n after_o this_o fight_n arrive_v at_o the_o court_n of_o pekim_n a_o portughess_n name_v gonsalvo_n texera_n who_o be_v send_v thither_o with_o a_o embassy_n and_o a_o present_a from_o the_o city_n of_o macao_n who_o see_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o chiness_n and_o judge_v that_o by_o it_o they_o may_v do_v service_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o portugal_n and_o a_o kindness_n to_o themselves_o in_o what_o the_o king_n of_o china_n may_v do_v for_o they_o offer_v to_o the_o mandarines_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o macao_n some_o portughess_n to_o assist_v they_o against_o the_o tartar_n the_o proffer_n be_v kind_o accept_v of_o and_o a_o memorial_n be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n who_o present_o return_v a_o favourable_a answer_n the_o council_n of_o war_n dispatch_v a_o father_n of_o our_o company_n to_o macao_n who_o be_v already_o go_v along_o with_o the_o ambassador_n to_o negotiate_v this_o assistance_n with_o several_a order_n to_o the_o officer_n of_o cantone_n to_o expedite_v the_o business_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v with_o all_o liberality_n and_o provision_n and_o convenience_n for_o the_o man_n that_o be_v desire_v of_o they_o four_o hundred_o man_n be_v put_v in_o order_n that_o be_v 200_o soldier_n of_o which_o many_o be_v portughess_n some_o whereof_o be_v bear_v in_o portugal_n and_o some_o there_o but_o the_o most_o of_o they_o be_v people_n of_o that_o country_n who_o although_o they_o be_v chiness_n bear_v in_o macao_n yet_o be_v breed_v up_o among_o the_o portughess_n after_o their_o manner_n and_o be_v good_a soldier_n and_o shoot_v well_o in_o gun_n to_o each_o soldier_n be_v give_v a_o youth_n to_o serve_v he_o who_o be_v buy_v with_o the_o king_n money_n and_o so_o large_a pay_n for_o 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again_o present_a a_o memorial_n wherein_o they_o express_v that_o there_o be_v now_o no_o need_n of_o they_o the_o king_n answer_v and_o i_o myself_o see_v the_o royal_a answer_n it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o that_o you_o do_v propose_v to_o we_o that_o these_o man_n shall_v enter_v into_o the_o kingdom_n and_o assist_v we_o against_o the_o tartar_n now_o you_o say_v they_o be_v not_o necessary_a when_o you_o propose_v any_o thing_n it_o be_v good_a you_o consider_v of_o it_o better_o howbeit_o if_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a let_v they_o return_v in_o this_o manner_n do_v that_o expedition_n of_o the_o portughess_n come_v to_o a_o end_n without_o any_o profit_n at_o all_o to_o the_o kingdom_n but_o much_o to_o the_o soldier_n beside_o that_o they_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o see_v a_o good_a part_n of_o china_n the_o tartar_n have_v ever_o since_o continue_v the_o war_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o do_v continue_v it_o to_o this_o day_n and_o have_v force_v the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n to_o pay_v they_o tribute_n as_o they_o pay_v to_o china_n although_o they_o still_o pay_v to_o the_o chiness_n as_o much_o as_o they_o do_v former_o chap._n 22._o of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o china_n and_o of_o the_o eunuch_n although_o the_o chiness_n have_v be_v so_o diligent_a in_o their_o chronicle_n &_o record_n that_o they_o have_v preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o above_o 3000_o year_n to_o this_o time_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v suffer_v a_o great_a loss_n and_o damage_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o many_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o by_o the_o burn_a of_o those_o book_n which_o be_v call_v by_o they_o the_o history_n and_o in_o reality_n the_o business_n be_v thus_o a_o king_n name_v tien_n whither_o it_o be_v as_o some_o think_v out_o of_o the_o hatred_n he_o bear_v to_o learning_n or_o as_o some_o hold_n with_o more_o probability_n that_o he_o may_v extinguish_v the_o memory_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o leave_v only_o his_o own_o to_o prosteritie_n except_v only_o the_o book_n of_o physic_n as_o only_o necessary_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n command_v by_o a_o rigorous_a law_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o book_n shall_v be_v burn_v with_o so_o much_o severity_n as_o if_o every_o volume_n be_v guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n and_o under_o so_o great_a penalite_n for_o any_o that_o hide_v they_o that_o it_o be_v to_o cost_v he_o no_o less_o than_o his_o life_n and_o in_o effect_n he_o cause_v forty_o litterati_fw-la to_o be_v burn_v together_o with_o their_o book_n which_o they_o have_v hide_v this_o persecusion_n last_v the_o space_n of_o forty_o year_n at_o what_o time_n they_o begin_v to_o renew_v their_o ancient_a chronicle_n by_o mean_n of_o certain_a book_n and_o fragment_n that_o have_v escape_v some_o of_o they_o be_v bury_v under_o ground_n and_o other_o immure_v
one_o guilty_a person_n that_o will_v make_v his_o escape_n the_o very_a tree_n seem_v to_o be_v afraid_a to_o cover_v he_o with_o their_o shade_n if_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v to_o be_v apprehend_v they_o send_v the_o minister_n of_o justice_n to_o he_o who_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o throw_v the_o cord_n or_o chain_n at_o his_o foot_n the_o which_o he_o himself_o take_v up_o and_o put_v about_o his_o neck_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o chain_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o very_a name_n of_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o strike_v a_o terror_n in_o any_o in_o the_o city_n of_o sucheu_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o nankim_n there_o live_v a_o mandarine_a a_o grave_a person_n who_o have_v pass_v through_o most_o of_o the_o great_a office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n with_o great_a satisfaction_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o peopie_n it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o powerful_a euneuch_n of_o who_o we_o speak_v even_o now_o this_o man_n have_v intelligence_n that_o these_o minister_n of_o justice_n will_v be_v send_v to_o he_o he_o stay_v not_o their_o come_n but_o make_v a_o banquet_n to_o his_o kindred_n and_o friend_n towards_o the_o end_n thereof_o go_v out_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v upon_o some_o other_o occasion_n he_o cast_v himself_o out_o of_o a_o balcone_n into_o a_o fish_n pond_n where_o he_o drown_v himself_o his_o guest_n see_v he_o stay_v so_o long_o go_v out_o to_o look_v he_o and_o find_v upon_o a_o table_n a_o paper_n have_v these_o word_n write_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n turn_v towards_o the_o palace_n i_o perform_v the_o reverence_n due_a to_o my_o king_n who_o i_o have_v always_o endeavour_v to_o serve_v with_o resolution_n become_v a_o faithful_a subject_n and_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o i_o shall_v suffer_v from_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o eunuch_n affront_v worthy_a a_o base_a and_o criminal_a person_n there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o two_o letter_n send_v from_o the_o king_n and_o put_v in_o any_o place_n to_o make_v it_o remain_v as_o it_o be_v enchant_v so_o that_o if_o they_o want_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o palace_n as_o chà _fw-la fruit._fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o send_v to_o the_o country_n where_o those_o thing_n be_v they_o desire_v to_o give_v they_o notice_n only_o and_o to_o set_v up_o those_o two_o letter_n xim_o chi_fw-mi that_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o king_n and_o present_o every_o thing_n be_v make_v ready_a and_o none_o dare_v stir_v so_o much_o as_o a_o leaf_n of_o it_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v when_o there_o be_v any_o extraordinary_a business_n to_o be_v do_v which_o carry_v some_o difficulty_n with_o it_o for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o set_v up_o the_o two_o letter_n abovesaid_a and_o all_o opposition_n be_v level_v as_o it_o fall_v out_o when_o the_o king_n give_v the_o house_n of_o a_o eunuch_n who_o be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o father_n of_o our_o company_n for_o a_o bury_a place_n by_o clap_v the_o say_a letter_n upon_o they_o in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n every_o month_n on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o magistrate_n assemble_v themselves_o at_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o governor_n before_o a_o throne_n where_o be_v place_v the_o royal_a ensign_n and_o there_o they_o do_v reverence_n to_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o will_v do_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o if_o he_o be_v present_a they_o do_v the_o like_a also_o on_o his_o birth_n day_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o every_o year_n each_o province_n send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o visit_v the_o king_n and_o as_o often_o as_o they_o write_v letter_n to_o he_o they_o do_v not_o send_v they_o by_o way_n of_o the_o post_n but_o a_o principal_a mandarine_n go_v to_o carry_v they_o but_o their_o memorial_n or_o petition_n they_o send_v by_o the_o post._n every_o three_o year_n all_o the_o great_a mandarines_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n none_o may_v enter_v into_o the_o royal_a palace_n no_o not_o into_o the_o first_o gate_n if_o he_o be_v clothe_v in_o mourn_v neither_o do_v they_o go_v to_o make_v their_o reverence_n in_o a_o ordinary_a habit_n but_o in_o that_o extraordinary_a one_o appoint_v for_o courtesy_n and_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o put_v on_o a_o red_a garment_n none_o of_o what_o condition_n soever_o may_v pass_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n on_o horseback_n nor_o in_o a_o sedan_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n except_o on_o foot_n no_o not_o if_o they_o be_v woman_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n be_v the_o great_a so_o much_o the_o further_o off_o be_v he_o to_o light_n and_o go_v afoot_n all_o the_o officer_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o come_v to_o the_o court_n be_v present_o oblige_v either_o in_o the_o morning_n early_o if_o they_o come_v or_o late_o at_o night_n if_o they_o go_v out_o to_o go_v to_o kun_n chaos_n that_o be_v the_o court_n of_o ceremony_n as_o be_v abovesaid_a and_o before_o the_o royal_a throne_n which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o hall_n although_o the_o king_n be_v not_o there_o who_o at_o that_o hour_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o bed_n and_o when_o all_o that_o come_v in_o that_o morning_n be_v assemble_v there_o be_v no_o morning_n that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o good_a number_n of_o they_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n come_v and_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n declare_v the_o ceremony_n which_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o perform_v and_o they_o all_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n put_v they_o in_o execution_n and_o if_o by_o misfortune_n any_o one_o commit_v a_o error_n or_o do_v any_o gesture_n not_o reverent_o enough_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o give_v the_o king_n notice_n thereof_o by_o a_o memorial_n as_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v the_o person_n that_o be_v culpable_a accuse_v himself_o and_o require_v some_o penance_n for_o it_o but_o this_o be_v do_v pure_o out_o of_o ceremony_n the_o king_n never_o take_v any_o heed_n to_o it_o all_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v likewise_o to_o the_o same_o ceremony_n when_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o court_n or_o go_v out_o thereof_o they_o use_v to_o be_v lodge_v in_o one_o of_o the_o palace_n which_o be_v within_o a_o spacious_a circuit_n of_o wall_n near_o to_o the_o royal_a palace_n and_o be_v always_o keep_v in_o a_o readiness_n for_o that_o purpose_n where_o they_o be_v royal_o treat_v and_o at_o great_a expense_n but_o they_o may_v not_o go_v out_o of_o that_o circuit_n and_o if_o they_o will_v have_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v bring_v to_o they_o into_o that_o place_n they_o neither_o see_v nor_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n but_o only_o the_o council_n of_o rite_n by_o the_o king_n order_n treat_v with_o they_o and_o dispatch_v they_o the_o portughess_n those_o two_o several_a time_n they_o be_v send_v thither_o from_o the_o city_n of_o macao_n be_v not_o only_o treat_v with_o extraordinary_a magnificence_n and_o liberality_n but_o have_v also_o that_o particular_a privilege_n to_o lodge_v out_o of_o that_o place_n and_o the_o first_o of_o they_o that_o be_v send_v see_v king_n thienkhie_n the_o brother_n of_o he_o who_o now_o reign_v he_o be_v very_o young_a and_o out_o of_o curiosity_n to_o see_v man_n of_o a_o strange_a nation_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o come_v to_o the_o palace_n and_o although_o it_o be_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n yet_o he_o see_v they_o and_o be_v plain_o see_v by_o they_o every_o one_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n speak_v to_o he_o on_o his_o knee_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o royal_a hall_n with_o the_o magistrate_n he_o go_v away_o before_o they_o rise_v up_o if_o he_o be_v sick_a and_o they_o come_v to_o visit_v he_o they_o speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o before_o they_o rise_v off_o their_o knee_n a_o curtain_n be_v draw_v before_o he_o or_o else_o he_o turn_v himself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o they_o speak_v to_o he_o they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n before_o their_o mouth_n a_o tablet_n of_o ivory_n a_o palm_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n broad_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a ceremony_n for_o in_o old_a time_n when_o they_o speak_v in_o a_o more_o familiar_a manner_n to_o the_o king_n out_o of_o reverence_n they_o hold_v something_o between_o to_o keep_v their_o breath_n from_o come_v to_o the_o king_n face_n and_o also_o when_o they_o discourse_v with_o he_o of_o many_o business_n they_o carry_v the_o head_n of_o they_o write_v thereon_o that_o they_o may_v not_o forget_v they_o but_o now_o that_o they_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n and_o not_o so_o
his_o knee_n to_o his_o wife_n till_o she_o have_v bring_v he_o a_o child_n assoon_o as_o she_o be_v deliver_v this_o obligation_n cease_v although_o there_o be_v still_o a_o great_a many_o other_o constraint_n and_o inconvenience_n upon_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o no_o man_n of_o quality_n will_v be_v the_o king_n son-in-law_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o usual_a custom_n of_o choose_v twelve_o be_v now_o leave_v off_o and_o if_o the_o king_n do_v earnest_o invite_v any_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o litterato_fw-la of_o reputation_n to_o be_v his_o son-in-law_n as_o it_o have_v sometime_o fall_v out_o he_o excuse_v himself_o with_o all_o the_o skill_n and_o friend_n he_o have_v for_o if_o the_o princess_n take_v a_o dislike_n against_o her_o husband_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v she_o give_v he_o affliction_n enough_o for_o all_o his_o life_n chap._n 24._o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o china_n the_o nobility_n of_o china_n at_o this_o day_n be_v much_o change_v from_o what_o it_o be_v ancient_o when_o by_o reason_n there_o be_v many_o king_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n they_o match_v into_o one_o another_o family_n and_o the_o king_n themselves_o make_v many_o noble_a man_n who_o they_o use_v to_o employ_v as_o also_o their_o near_a kinsman_n in_o charge_n and_o government_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v their_o family_n continue_v on_o foot_n for_o many_o year_n at_o this_o day_n the_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n have_v be_v raise_v by_o their_o learning_n to_o the_o high_a honour_n from_o a_o low_a condition_n many_o of_o they_o have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o artisan_n and_o handicraftsman_n as_o also_o for_o want_v of_o learning_n their_o family_n decline_v and_o grow_v again_o into_o poverty_n so_o that_o it_o be_v rare_a thing_n to_o see_v a_o family_n last_o to_o the_o five_o generation_n for_o as_o the_o first_o beginner_n be_v force_v by_o necessity_n and_o stir_v up_o by_o a_o desire_n to_o advance_v themselves_o study_n and_o take_v pain_n to_o obtain_v their_o degree_n and_o consequent_o government_n and_o other_o preeminence_n so_o the_o rest_n who_o follow_v and_o be_v bear_v rich_a and_o breed_v up_o in_o delight_n and_o wantonness_n suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o pleasure_n of_o live_v high_a and_o the_o vice_n which_o accompany_v it_o study_v little_a and_o spend_v much_o so_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o find_v themselves_o reduce_v to_o the_o first_o condition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v some_o shadow_n and_o resemblance_n leave_v of_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n and_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o five_o order_n not_o mention_v those_o common_a people_n who_o be_v of_o no_o account_n the_o first_o nobility_n be_v of_o the_o king_n prince_z the_o king_n child_n and_o the_o royal_a family_n which_o be_v preserve_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o prince_n succee_v his_o father_n in_o manner_n abovesaid_a to_o his_o young_a son_n the_o king_n assign_v a_o habitation_n out_o of_o the_o court_n in_o such_o a_o province_n or_o city_n as_o shall_v seem_v best_a to_o he_o with_o palace_n furniture_n and_o servant_n suitable_a to_o his_o high_a quality_n and_o land_n and_o revenue_n which_o he_o purchase_v for_o he_o in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o also_o a_o competent_a pension_n out_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n he_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o i_o live_v for_o sometime_o have_v as_o i_o be_v inform_v 360000_o crown_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n confery_v on_o he_o and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o province_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v he_o respect_v suitable_a to_o his_o title_n whence_o every_o first_o and_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n they_o go_v to_o do_v he_o reverence_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o be_v do_v at_o court_n to_o the_o king_n there_o be_v nothing_o want_v to_o he_o to_o make_v he_o a_o absolute_a king_n but_o only_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o which_o he_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o neither_o over_o the_o people_n nor_o in_o the_o government_n the_o king_n reserve_v all_o that_o to_o himself_o neither_o have_v he_o liberty_n to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o territory_n where_o he_o have_v his_o residence_n the_o elder_a son_n succee_v his_o father_n in_o his_o estate_n and_o good_n the_o rest_n marry_v and_o make_v several_a family_n which_o still_o grow_v lesser_a although_o they_o be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n give_v they_o a_o allowance_n competent_a for_o they_o and_o as_o they_o be_v remove_v still_o to_o a_o further_a degree_n from_o the_o king_n blood_n so_o likewise_o their_o pension_n diminish_v till_o it_o come_v to_o fourscore_o crown_n a_o year_n and_o there_o it_o stop_v there_o be_v none_o so_o remote_a from_o the_o royal_a stem_n that_o have_v not_o at_o the_o least_o this_o revenue_n yet_o nevertheless_o all_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o if_o those_o that_o be_v descend_v from_o he_o have_v certain_a condition_n that_o be_v require_v of_o they_o for_o if_o these_o be_v want_v they_o have_v nothing_o give_v they_o at_o all_o the_o first_o condition_n be_v that_o they_o be_v male_n for_o if_o they_o be_v female_n there_o be_v no_o account_n make_v of_o they_o and_o the_o father_n marry_v they_o to_o who_o and_o when_o he_o will_v but_o not_o to_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n neither_o may_v the_o son_n marry_v but_o with_o woman_n of_o other_o family_n and_o he_o be_v to_o marry_v they_o at_o his_o own_o expense_n the_o second_o condition_n be_v that_o the_o son_n be_v lawful_o beget_v on_o the_o true_a wife_n not_o only_o bastard_n be_v exclude_v but_o also_o the_o son_n of_o their_o concubine_n if_o they_o have_v any_o the_o three_o be_v that_o assoon_o as_o his_o son_n be_v bear_v he_o do_v give_v a_o memorial_n to_o the_o king_n to_o give_v he_o a_o name_n which_o be_v to_o be_v register_v in_o the_o roll_n the_o four_o be_v that_o have_v attain_v the_o age_n of_o 14_o year_n he_o give_v another_o memorial_n to_o the_o king_n pray_v he_o to_o give_v order_n that_o he_o may_v receive_v half_a his_o pension_n which_o he_o after_o receive_v every_o year_n at_o set_a time_n the_o five_o that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n to_o be_v marry_v there_o be_v another_o memorial_n give_v to_o the_o king_n wherein_o be_v require_v leave_n for_o he_o to_o marry_v and_o then_o he_o receive_v the_o whole_a pension_n which_o be_v assign_v he_o these_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n descend_v from_o the_o king_n by_o a_o right_n male_a line_n these_o be_v not_o to_o live_v in_o the_o two_o court_n of_o pekim_n and_o nankim_n nor_o in_o all_o the_o province_n indifferent_o but_o only_o in_o some_o certain_a place_n and_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o they_o be_v believe_v to_o amount_v to_o 60000_o and_o be_v all_o maintain_v by_o the_o king_n but_o they_o have_v this_o advantage_n that_o they_o may_v help_v themselves_o by_o their_o industry_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o play_v the_o merchant_n for_o the_o government_n of_o they_o and_o to_o present_v their_o memorial_n to_o the_o king_n to_o decide_v their_o controvesy_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n they_o have_v a_o particular_a mandarine_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o they_o but_o if_o they_o have_v any_o suit_n with_o other_o who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n royal_a such_o cause_n be_v under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o ordinary_a justice_n who_o may_v reprove_v they_o but_o have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o punish_v they_o but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o commit_v any_o notable_a disorder_n he_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n who_o for_o such_o occasion_n have_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n encompass_v with_o a_o very_a high_a wall_n whither_o he_o confine_v they_o during_o life_n the_o second_o order_n of_o nobility_n be_v of_o the_o titulati_fw-la or_o nobleman_n that_o have_v title_n confer_v upon_o they_o who_o notwithstanding_o be_v but_o the_o shadow_n of_o what_o they_o be_v in_o former_a time_n these_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o order_n the_o first_o they_o call_v quecum_fw-la a_o new_a title_n and_o be_v only_o four_o family_n who_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o king_n humvu_o and_o be_v descend_v from_o four_o valiant_a captain_n who_o serve_v the_o say_a king_n against_o the_o tartar_n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v duke_n and_o captaines-generall_n of_o the_o militia_n and_o do_v assist_v in_o that_o quality_n at_o certain_a military_a action_n of_o great_a importance_n when_o they_o be_v do_v in_o the_o city_n where_o they_o inhabit_v but_o they_o never_o go_v to_o the_o war_n the_o second_o be_v heus_fw-la the_o three_o pe._n the_o four_o chi_fw-mi ho_o ei_o
not_o use_v to_o be_v present_a there_o himself_o they_o always_o assist_v in_o the_o palace_n to_o receive_v and_o answer_v all_o business_n and_o the_o memorial_n which_o be_v every_o day_n give_v in_o these_o report_v they_o to_o the_o king_n who_o pronounce_v the_o last_o sentence_n upon_o they_o these_o colai_n be_v very_o much_o respect_v by_o all_o the_o magistrate_n and_o at_o set_a time_n they_o do_v they_o reverence_v as_o to_o their_o superior_n in_o a_o public_a hall_n the_o colai_n stand_v up_o and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n pass_v before_o they_o in_o their_o order_n and_o when_o they_o come_v right_o over_o against_o they_o they_o turn_v towards_o they_o and_o make_v they_o a_o profound_a reverence_n to_o the_o very_a ground_n they_o call_v this_o ceremony_n quo_n tham_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o pass_v the_o hall_n their_o ensign_n or_o badge_n of_o honour_n be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o their_o girdle_n which_o they_o call_v yù_fw-fr xe_n be_v rich_o set_v with_o precious_a stone_n they_o only_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v it_o and_o it_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o king_n as_o in_o europe_n king_n do_v use_v to_o give_v collar_n of_o their_o order_n to_o their_o knight_n and_o when_o they_o be_v sick_a it_o be_v only_o to_o these_o that_o the_o king_n send_v to_o visit_v they_o with_o regaloes_n and_o dainty_n from_o the_o palace_n and_o they_o do_v sufficient_o gratify_v the_o eunuch_n that_o bring_v they_o for_o the_o least_o they_o give_v he_o be_v fifty_o crown_n which_o be_v more_o in_o that_o country_n than_o 200_o here_o beside_o these_o supreme_a and_o general_a governor_n at_o the_o court_n who_o do_v not_o only_o govern_v that_o but_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n also_o there_o be_v likewise_o particular_a and_o ordinary_a governor_n and_o judge_n of_o every_o city_n and_o these_o observe_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o government_n as_o well_o in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o the_o other_o province_n as_o also_o in_o those_o of_o pekim_n and_o nankim_n where_o the_o two_o court_n be_v as_o shall_v be_v relate_v hereafter_o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o thirteen_o province_n we_o have_v former_o speak_v of_o the_o universal_a government_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o reside_v in_o the_o two_o court_n it_o followth_v now_o that_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o particular_a government_n of_o the_o province_n every_o one_o whereof_o be_v a_o large_a kingdom_n this_o government_n reside_v ordinary_o in_o the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a city_n of_o each_o province_n in_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v five_o tribunal_n that_o have_v a_o general_a command_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o distinct_a office_n among_o themselves_o of_o these_o five_o two_o be_v supreme_a to_o which_o all_o other_o both_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n be_v subordinate_a but_o they_o among_o themselves_o be_v not_o subject_v one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o be_v immediate_o subbordinate_a to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o royal_a tribunal_n these_o consist_v of_o one_o precedent_n or_o judge_n without_o any_o assistant_n or_o counsellor_n although_o they_o have_v many_o other_o officer_n the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o be_v the_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n who_o they_o call_v tut_o ham_n or_o kiun_n muen_n he_o have_v power_n over_o all_o the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n of_o the_o province_n he_o govern_v for_o three_o year_n and_o have_v constant_a post_n that_o come_v &_o go_v from_o the_o court_n at_o set_a time_n be_v to_o give_v account_n of_o whatsoever_o pass_v in_o the_o province_n he_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o city_n in_o great_a pomp_n and_o state_n when_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o depart_v the_o court_n many_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o tribunal_n go_v thither_o to_o receive_v he_o other_o meet_v he_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o way_n where_o from_o city_n to_o city_n he_o be_v honourable_o accompany_v both_o by_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o three_o mile_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v to_o reside_v there_o go_v out_o certain_a captain_n with_o 3000_o soldier_n to_o receive_v he_o after_o these_o follow_v the_o magistrate_n and_o after_o they_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o people_n the_o second_o office_n which_o be_v also_o absolute_a be_v call_v cha_fw-mi ve_v we_o have_v no_o office_n in_o europe_n that_o be_v answerable_a to_o it_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v visitour_n of_o the_o province_n it_o last_v only_o a_o year_n it_o be_v of_o great_a rigour_n and_o much_o fear_v he_o have_v authority_n to_o take_v cognizan_n of_o all_o cause_v both_o criminal_a and_o civil_a of_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o king_n patrimony_n in_o a_o word_n of_o all_o he_o visit_v enquire_v and_o inform_v himself_o of_o all_o even_o to_o the_o viceroy_n himself_o the_o inferior_a mandarines_n and_o judge_n he_o may_v punish_v or_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o place_n concern_v the_o great_a mandarines_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n he_o be_v to_o give_v in_o memorial_n and_o they_o be_v from_o thence_o forward_o suspend_v from_o the_o function_n of_o their_o office_n till_o the_o king_n answer_v come_v from_o court_n to_o he_o it_o belong_v to_o cause_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n give_v through_o the_o whole_a province_n to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o assign_v the_o day_n and_o the_o city_n whither_o all_o those_o that_o be_v condemn_v shall_v be_v bring_v to_o he_o and_o there_o he_o be_v present_v with_o a_o list_n of_o their_o name_n then_o take_v his_o pencil_n he_o mark_v six_o or_o seven_o of_o they_o for_o if_o he_o prick_v more_o they_o count_v he_o cruel_a these_o be_v present_o carry_v to_o execution_n and_o the_o rest_n return_v to_o the_o prison_n whence_o they_o come_v it_o belong_v also_o to_o he_o to_o visit_v the_o wall_n castle_n and_o public_a place_n etc._n etc._n he_o set_v forth_o with_o a_o great_a train_n and_o pomp_n have_v banner_n carry_v before_o he_o and_o other_o ensign_n of_o rigour_n and_o majesty_n this_o be_v usual_o every_o year_n there_o be_v another_o extraordinary_a officer_n of_o the_o same_o name_n he_o be_v create_v from_o time_n to_o time_n at_o the_o queen_n request_n he_o have_v great_a power_n and_o authority_n but_o it_o be_v only_o in_o favour_n of_o piety_n and_o mercy_n he_o visit_v all_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o province_n and_o free_v all_o such_o as_o be_v imprison_v for_o light_a fault_n and_o that_o have_v no_o prosecutour_n and_o all_o those_o miserable_a wretch_n that_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o free_v themselves_o he_o take_v into_o protection_n such_o cause_n as_o have_v be_v reject_v and_o party_n that_o can_v obtain_v no_o favour_n he_o revoke_v such_o sentence_n as_o have_v be_v unjust_o give_v he_o make_v himself_o protector_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o in_o a_o word_n his_o whole_a authority_n be_v employ_v about_o work_n of_o mercy_n the_o three_o office_n be_v the_o treasurer_n who_o be_v superintendent_n of_o the_o king_n patrimony_n through_o the_o whole_a province_n he_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o council_n of_o the_o patrimony_n at_o court_n he_o have_v two_o assistant_n one_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o left_a each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o house_n and_o tribunal_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o treasurer_n place_n he_o have_v under_o he_o 26_o lesser_a mandarine_n that_o have_v several_a charge_n and_o employment_n beside_o other_o officer_n great_a and_o small_a of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v very_o many_o belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n to_o he_o it_o belong_v to_o overlook_v the_o custom_n excise_n and_o other_o duty_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o to_o regulate_v all_o weight_n and_o measure_n all_o suit_n controversy_n punishment_n and_o sentence_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n patrimony_n or_o at_o least_o to_o remit_v they_o to_o what_o tribunal_n he_o please_v to_o pay_v the_o ordinary_a salary_n to_o all_o magistrate_n to_o the_o king_n kindred_n to_o the_o captain_n and_o soldier_n to_o provide_v all_o expense_n for_o the_o examination_n to_o furnish_v and_o give_v the_o badge_n of_o honour_n to_o all_o graduate_n to_o lay_v out_o money_n for_o the_o public_a work_n as_o bridge_n highway_n palace_n of_o the_o mandarines_n ship_n for_o the_o navy_n etc._n etc._n in_o a_o word_n he_o be_v superintendent_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v spend_v or_o receive_v of_o the_o king_n revenue_n immediate_o from_o the_o governor_n judge_n and_o tauli_n each_o for_o his_o own_o precinct_n and_o though_o the_o sum_n be_v never_o so_o small_a they_o must_v always_o be_v pay_v in_o fine_a silver_n which_o be_v afterward_o melt_v by_o the_o treasurer_n into_o ingot_n weigh_v fifty_o crown_n a_o piece_n with_o the_o
king_n stamp_n and_o the_o founder_n name_n upon_o they_o that_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o be_v falsify_v they_o may_v know_v who_o to_o accuse_v and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o be_v return_v into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_o be_v put_v into_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o city_n for_o extraordinary_a expense_n the_o other_o into_o the_o coffer_n of_o the_o treasurer_n for_o to_o defray_v ordinary_a expense_n this_o treasury_n beside_o that_o the_o door_n and_o lock_n be_v make_v as_o secure_a as_o can_v be_v yet_o it_o be_v guard_v every_o night_n by_o a_o constant_a watch_n of_o soldier_n the_o three_o be_v send_v public_o to_o court_n but_o with_o a_o strong_a guard_n this_o silver_n be_v put_v into_o round_a piece_n of_o wood_n saw_v through_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o hollow_a within_o and_o join_v together_o with_o iron_n hoop_n and_o both_o end_v close_v fast_o with_o plate_n of_o iron_n within_o every_o one_o of_o these_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v convey_v as_o much_o silver_n as_o two_o man_n be_v able_a to_o carry_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o supputation_n of_o father_n matteo_n riccius_fw-la who_o live_v many_o year_n in_o china_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o book_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o be_v say_v to_o amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o million_o of_o crown_n father_n john_n rodriquez_n who_o also_o travail_v much_o about_o china_n and_o be_v very_o curious_a to_o know_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o a_o writing_n which_o he_o leave_v behind_o he_o concern_v the_o four_o notable_a thing_n of_o china_n faith_n that_o it_o do_v amount_v but_o to_o fifty_o five_o million_o to_o make_v they_o both_o agree_v my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o whole_a revenue_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o million_o as_o father_n riccius_fw-la say_fw-la &_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o court_n be_v but_o fifty_o five_o as_o father_n rodriquez_n will_v have_v it_o the_o rest_n remain_v as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o province_n as_o i_o have_v not_o make_v any_o diligent_a enquiry_n concern_v this_o matter_n so_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o grave_a personage_n the_o four_o tribunal_n be_v call_v begin_v cha_n sci_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tribunal_n criminal_a it_o have_v assessor_n counsellor_n and_o tauli_n and_o as_o every_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o shire_n and_o precinct_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n thereof_o it_o belong_v to_o these_o tauli_n to_o visit_v they_o and_o to_o do_v justice_n in_o the_o several_a place_n assign_v they_o punish_v malefactor_n and_o exercise_v their_o jurisdiction_n which_o extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o souldierie_a and_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o the_o province_n be_v maritime_a the_o five_o tribunal_n be_v over_o learning_n and_o letter_n to_o examine_v and_o confer_v degree_n and_o the_o like_a and_o be_v particular_o set_v over_o all_o they_o that_o have_v take_v the_o degree_n of_o batcheller_n but_o doctor_n be_v exempt_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v a_o chancellor_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n who_o at_o set_a time_n visit_v all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n hold_v examination_n and_o inform_v himself_o of_o every_o one_o behaviour_n and_o according_a as_o he_o find_v it_o he_o reprove_v chastise_v and_o sometime_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o degree_n but_o leave_v they_o always_o the_o liberty_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o return_v if_o they_o please_v to_o a_o new_a examination_n there_o be_v moreover_o in_o every_o city_n two_o who_o they_o call_v mandarines_n of_o the_o science_n hioquan_n who_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o tribunal_n but_o their_o jurisdiction_n do_v not_o extend_v itself_o further_o than_o to_o the_o bachelor_n of_o the_o same_o city_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o and_o although_o they_o have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o confer_v a_o degree_n or_o to_o take_v it_o away_o but_o only_o to_o punish_v they_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v they_o that_o give_v they_o the_o most_o trouble_n by_o reason_n that_o live_v always_o in_o the_o same_o city_n they_o often_o call_v they_o before_o they_o examine_v they_o etc._n etc._n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v prefect_n of_o the_o class_n all_o these_o office_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v have_v authority_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o over_o all_o the_o city_n village_n and_o town_n thereof_o but_o the_o city_n have_v moreover_o their_o particular_a government_n as_o among_o we_o in_o europe_n in_o every_o city_n there_o be_v four_o principal_a mandarines_n one_o whereof_o be_v precedent_n who_o they_o call_v chi_fw-mi furio_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o city_n the_o rest_n be_v collaterall_n they_o be_v call_v thum_z chi_fw-mi thum_z phuon_n chiu_n quon_n every_o one_o of_o these_o hold_v his_o tribunal_n apart_o and_o have_v great_a and_o lesser_a officer_n belong_v to_o he_o beside_o these_o every_o city_n have_v nineteen_o lesser_a magistrate_n employ_v in_o several_a office_n subordinate_a to_o the_o principal_a two_o whereof_o have_v a_o precedent_n and_o four_o counsellor_n the_o nine_o other_o have_v only_o one_o precedent_n and_o a_o assistant_n and_o the_o other_o eight_o have_v only_o one_o precedent_n but_o they_o have_v all_o of_o they_o their_o officer_n minister_n and_o a_o convenient_a number_n of_o servant_n belong_v to_o their_o court_n the_o village_n have_v a_o judge_n and_o three_o counsellor_n the_o judge_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_n the_o first_o counsellor_n hum_n chim_z the_o second_o chu_n phn._n the_o three_o tun_n su._n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o their_o palace_n and_o tribunal_n apart_o as_o also_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n notary_n and_o other_o the_o judge_n may_v give_v sentence_n of_o death_n but_o can_v put_v it_o in_o execution_n beside_o these_o mandarines_n which_o reside_v in_o the_o city_n and_o village_n there_o be_v other_o who_o have_v not_o the_o power_n either_o to_o chastise_v or_o condemn_v but_o only_o to_o make_v their_o report_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v referendary_n there_o be_v also_o of_o they_o in_o castle_n if_o they_o be_v great_a and_o far_o from_o any_o city_n or_o village_n these_o be_v make_v ordinary_o out_o of_o the_o inferior_a notary_n of_o tribunal_n for_o out_o of_o the_o great_a one_o be_v common_o make_v the_o counsellor_n to_o the_o judge_n of_o village_n but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a officer_n have_v not_o so_o much_o authority_n as_o we_o in_o europe_n beside_o every_o hamlet_n whereof_o there_o be_v almost_o infinite_a in_o china_n no_o labourer_n or_o husbandman_n dwell_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n but_o in_o the_o field_n have_v a_o head_n or_o thithing-man_n call_v licham_n the_o house_n be_v divide_v by_o ten_o like_o tithing_n or_o decury_n with_o a_o head_n or_o tithing-man_n belong_v to_o each_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o government_n become_v more_o easy_a and_o the_o contribution_n which_o be_v exact_v more_o certain_a chap._n 27._o of_o the_o badge_n of_o honour_n or_o ensign_n of_o the_o mandarines_n all_o officer_n who_o either_o have_v or_o have_v have_v command_v have_v their_o ensign_n by_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v not_o only_o from_o the_o people_n but_o from_o other_o as_o well_o litterati_fw-la as_o nobleman_n of_o another_o rank_n these_o consist_v in_o five_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o cap_n the_o habit_n the_o girdle_n the_o boot_n and_o the_o gown_n the_o cap_n be_v of_o black_a silk_n line_v with_o a_o certain_a stiff_a &_o strong_a stuffe_n they_o all_o of_o they_o have_v it_o make_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n only_o in_o the_o cap_n of_o the_o colai_n there_o be_v some_o difference_n it_o be_v call_v in_o the_o chinesse_n language_n xamao_n the_o habit_n for_o so_o they_o call_v it_o and_o we_o have_v nothing_o in_o europe_n that_o answer_v to_o it_o be_v a_o square_a piece_n which_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o breast_n rich_o embroider_v round_o about_o in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v the_o device_n of_o their_o office_n and_o dignity_n and_o as_o those_o be_v diverse_a according_o their_o device_n be_v different_a it_o be_v call_v phizu_n the_o magistrate_n of_o letter_n have_v a_o eagle_n a_o hearn_n a_o bird_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o such_o like_a the_o magistrate_n of_o arm_n have_v a_o panther_n a_o tiger_n and_o unicorn_n a_o lyam_n etc._n etc._n the_o girdle_n which_o be_v not_o make_v to_o gird_n they_o withal_o for_o it_o be_v so_o wide_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o fasten_v it_o at_o the_o side_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o fall_v be_v call_v quon_n thai_n it_o be_v four_o finger_n broad_a and_o
divide_v into_o little_a square_n it_o be_v fasten_v before_o if_o the_o girdle_n be_v rich_a with_o large_a buckle_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n some_o wear_v they_o nine_o inch_n broad_a there_o be_v nine_o sort_n of_o buckels_n that_o be_v of_o bufalo_fw-la of_o rhinoceros_n horn_n of_o ivory_n of_o tortoise-shell_n of_o lignum_fw-la aquilae_fw-la of_o calambu_n of_o silver_n gold_n and_o precious_a stone_n every_o one_o may_v not_o wear_v they_o indifferent_o according_a to_o their_o fancy_n but_o suitable_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o office_n which_o he_o bear_v the_o last_o girdle_n which_o be_v of_o a_o precious_a stone_n call_v thou_o xe_v be_v give_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o the_o colai_n when_o they_o enter_v into_o their_o office_n nor_o be_v any_o other_o suffer_v to_o wear_v it_o the_o boot_n which_o they_o call_v hive_n be_v not_o ordinary_a but_o of_o a_o certain_a particular_a make_v they_o be_v all_o black_a and_o turn_v down_o the_o vest_n or_o gown_n be_v wear_v over_o their_o ordinary_a habit_n and_o be_v in_o all_o of_o the_o same_o fashion_n it_o be_v large_a loose_a and_o very_o become_v the_o colour_n be_v at_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v modest_a but_o on_o festival_n day_n it_o be_v crimson_a these_o be_v the_o ensign_n of_o the_o magistrate_n when_o ever_o they_o appear_v in_o public_a for_o at_o home_n they_o leave_v they_o off_o and_o wear_v only_o the_o ordinary_a habit_n of_o the_o litterati_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o go_v among_o their_o friend_n to_o banquet_n and_o place_n of_o recreation_n especial_o in_o hot_a weather_n their_o external_a ensign_n when_o they_o go_v abroad_o be_v the_o sedan_n or_o litter_n inlay_v with_o ivory_n and_o rich_o gild_v all_o open_a without_o any_o cover_n at_o top_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o see_v there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o carry_v by_o two_o man_n other_o by_o four_o other_o by_o six_o and_o some_o by_o eight_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o mandarine_a when_o there_o be_v six_o or_o eight_o man_n only_o four_o do_v carry_v the_o sedan_n the_o other_o go_v by_o on_o each_o side_n and_o take_v their_o turn_n the_o train_n which_o follow_v after_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o magistrate_n those_o of_o the_o great_a quality_n cause_n two_o man_n to_o march_v before_o they_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n with_o a_o round_a staff_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o each_o of_o something_o more_o than_o a_o man_n length_n only_o for_o terror_n for_o the_o king_n only_o may_v strike_v with_o a_o round_a staff_n and_o all_o the_o way_n they_o go_v they_o make_v a_o cry_n then_o follow_v two_o man_n bear_v two_o tablet_n silver_v over_o whereon_o be_v write_v in_o great_a letter_n the_o title_n of_o his_o dignity_n then_o come_v four_o or_o six_o more_o trail_a after_o they_o cudgel_n make_v of_o a_o great_a tree_n call_v bambu_n wherewith_o they_o be_v wont_v in_o those_o country_n to_o give_v the_o bastinado_n to_o delinquent_n then_o follow_v other_o with_o chain_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o torture_n a_o little_a before_o the_o sedan_n there_o march_v one_o with_o a_o umbrella_n or_o sun-skreen_n and_o sometime_o two_o they_o be_v make_v of_o silk_n and_o be_v as_o big_a as_o three_o of_o we_o close_o by_o the_o sedan_n on_o one_o side_n be_v carry_v a_o great_a gild_a fan_n so_o big_a that_o a_o man_n be_v hardly_o able_a to_o bear_v it_o with_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v keep_v off_o from_o he_o for_o the_o umbrella_n serve_v only_o for_o show_v and_o parade_n immediate_o before_o the_o sedan_n be_v carry_v the_o king_n seal_n in_o a_o gild_a coffer_n place_v upon_o a_o machine_n like_a to_o that_o which_o we_o use_v in_o our_o country_n to_o carry_v the_o image_n and_o relic_n of_o saint_n upon_o in_o procession_n under_o a_o cloth_n of_o state_n bear_v up_o with_o four_o small_a pillar_n this_o be_v carry_v by_o two_o man_n behind_o the_o sedan_n follow_v the_o page_n and_o other_o people_n both_o on_o horse_n and_o foot_n when_o he_o go_v through_o the_o street_n if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n unseemly_a at_o the_o window_n as_o clothes_n hang_v out_o a_o dry_n or_o such_o like_a thing_n present_o they_o be_v take_v in_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o any_o beer_n or_o hearse_n such_o as_o the_o dead_a be_v carry_v to_o burial_n withal_o they_o overturn_v they_o to_o the_o ground_n people_n of_o quality_n turn_v down_o some_o other_o street_n to_o avoid_v meet_v of_o they_o they_o that_o be_v on_o horseback_n alight_v they_o that_o be_v carry_v in_o chair_n be_v set_v down_o &_o the_o people_n set_v themselves_o in_o rank_n on_o both_o side_n the_o way_n if_o it_o be_v a_o great_a mandarine_n the_o multitude_n that_o stand_v look_v upon_o he_o keep_v a_o profound_a silence_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o chair_n with_o so_o much_o gravity_n and_o composure_n of_o body_n that_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o move_v his_o eye_n for_o to_o but_o look_v on_o one_o side_n or_o other_o will_v in_o they_o be_v esteem_v a_o notable_a fault_n when_o they_o make_v their_o first_o entry_n into_o any_o city_n or_o town_n beside_o the_o train_n which_o be_v appoint_v to_o accompany_v they_o all_o the_o way_n they_o go_v and_o the_o soldier_n which_o guard_v they_o through_o the_o town_n and_o city_n where_o they_o pass_v and_o the_o officer_n of_o their_o own_o tribunal_n who_o go_v many_o day_n journey_n off_o to_o receive_v they_o and_o the_o soldier_n of_o his_o own_o government_n who_o go_v out_o many_o mile_n to_o meet_v they_o and_o all_o the_o inferior_a mandarines_n who_o go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n to_o congratulate_v they_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n or_o city_n stand_v all_o the_o old_a man_n of_o that_o place_n in_o great_a number_n with_o their_o reverend_a white_a beard_n who_o on_o their_o knee_n bid_v he_o welcome_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n the_o mother_n and_o wife_n of_o the_o officer_n as_o their_o son_n or_o husband_n be_v prefer_v and_o advance_v to_o high_a office_n and_o dignity_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n certain_a honourable_a distinction_n in_o their_o habit_n as_o also_o title_n whereby_o they_o be_v call_v such_o as_o be_v among_o we_o your_o honour_n and_o your_o excellency_n not_o that_o they_o be_v the_o same_o but_o that_o they_o have_v some_o resemblance_n more_o or_o less_o when_o any_o one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a officer_n die_v the_o king_n send_v away_o post_v a_o mandarine_a of_o the_o court_n to_o solemnize_v his_o funeral_n and_o this_o not_o only_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o even_o out_o of_o it_o as_o to_o the_o island_n of_o hainam_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1617._o at_o what_o time_n i_o speak_v with_o he_o who_o be_v send_v hither_o by_o the_o king_n only_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o king_n also_o after_o his_o death_n bestow_v the_o office_n of_o a_o mandarine_a upon_o his_o son_n or_o nephew_n and_o if_o the_o decease_a person_n be_v a_o colao_n he_o bestow_v the_o like_a honour_n upon_o all_o his_o son_n or_o nephew_n who_o if_o they_o give_v a_o good_a testimony_n of_o their_o ability_n in_o their_o government_n be_v advance_v yet_o high_a and_o come_v to_o be_v governor_n of_o city_n the_o palace_n where_o they_o inhabit_v be_v large_a convenient_a and_o stately_a their_o tribunal_n where_o they_o do_v justice_n be_v magnificent_o adorn_v and_o attend_v by_o great_a store_n of_o officer_n in_o the_o city_n of_o nankim_n beside_o many_o other_o there_o be_v five_o tribunal_n four_o of_o the_o four_o wind_n for_o so_o they_o call_v they_o and_o they_o be_v according_o place_v in_o the_o city_n towards_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n etc._n etc._n the_o five_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o city_n yet_o be_v they_o inferior_a tribunal_n for_o every_o one_o have_v a_o precedent_n and_o 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do_v before_o any_o be_v aware_a of_o it_o their_o condemnation_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n pecuniary_a and_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o they_o be_v send_v into_o banishment_n or_o to_o the_o galley_n or_o rather_o something_o equivalent_a to_o it_o for_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n they_o have_v not_o that_o punishment_n but_o one_o very_o like_o it_o that_o be_v they_o be_v put_v to_o work_v on_o the_o river_n in_o the_o king_n ship_n and_o vessel_n they_o tug_v at_o the_o oar_n and_o do_v other_o service_n be_v bind_v two_o together_o in_o one_o chain_n they_o only_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n which_o be_v common_o execute_v by_o hang_v strangle_a or_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n who_o falsify_v the_o king_n money_n or_o commit_v murder_n if_o there_o be_v many_o guilty_a of_o the_o same_o crime_n one_o man_n only_o be_v execute_v the_o rest_n have_v other_o punishment_n inflict_v on_o they_o but_o robber_n by_o the_o highway_n be_v all_o to_o die_v if_o the_o fact_n be_v 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be_v bring_v to_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n who_o cause_v they_o to_o receive_v threescore_o and_o ten_o blow_n a_o man_n whereof_o they_o all_o die_v for_o ordinary_a crime_n they_o inflict_v a_o certain_a punishment_n that_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o we_o in_o portugal_n they_o call_v it_o kian_n hao_n it_o be_v a_o great_a thick_a board_n four_o or_o five_o palm_n square_a with_o a_o hole_n cut_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n neck_n this_o they_o fasten_v about_o their_o neck_n and_o to_o it_o be_v hang_v two_o scroll_n of_o paper_n of_o a_o hand_n breadth_n wherein_o be_v write_v his_o fault_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o punishment_n they_o serve_v also_o to_o show_v that_o the_o board_n have_v not_o be_v open_v and_o so_o with_o these_o great_a board_n about_o their_o neck_n these_o poor_a wretch_n be_v bring_v out_o every_o day_n and_o expose_v to_o shame_n in_o the_o public_a street_n for_o fifteen_o 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chiness_n that_o without_o bambu_n that_o be_v the_o cudgel_n or_o baston_n with_o which_o they_o use_v to_o beat_v man_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a they_o shall_v be_v rule_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o i_o will_v brief_o declare_v the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o every_o tribunal_n of_o china_n when_o the_o mandarine_n give_v audience_n there_o stand_v near_o unto_o his_o table_n ten_o or_o twelve_o man_n on_o both_o side_n thereof_o with_o long_a cudgel_n in_o their_o hand_n rest_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o great_a terror_n they_o will_v place_v forty_o man_n about_o they_o as_o they_o do_v when_o the_o father_n be_v bring_v before_o they_o for_o their_o religion_n these_o cudgel_n be_v seven_o palm_n long_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n about_o a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o circumference_n taper_v still_o towards_o the_o top_n where_o they_o be_v small_a and_o slender_a that_o they_o may_v more_o commodious_o be_v use_v with_o both_o hand_n they_o be_v make_v of_o bambu_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o cane_n in_o that_o it_o be_v knotty_a and_o hollow_a within_o but_o be_v different_a in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o massy_a strong_a heavy_a hard_a wood_n moreover_o on_o the_o table_n of_o the_o mandarine_n stand_v that_o case_n of_o wooden_a tally_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v and_o every_o tally_n import_v five_o blow_n wherefore_o when_o the_o mandarine_n will_v have_v any_o one_o bastinado_v he_o throw_v down_o as_o many_o tally_n as_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o the_o blow_n he_o will_v have_v give_v every_o one_o of_o the_o upi_n as_o the_o portughess_n call_v they_o who_o carry_v the_o baston_n be_v ready_a to_o take_v his_o tally_n other_o to_o seize_v the_o patient_a and_o to_o lay_v he_o on_o the_o ground_n assoon_o as_o his_o breech_n be_v pull_v down_o present_o one_o of_o the_o upi_n lay_v five_o bastinado_n upon_o his_o naked_a flesh_n according_a to_o the_o import_n of_o his_o tally_n and_o withdraw_v himself_o then_o come_v another_o and_o lay_v on_o other_o five_o and_o so_o it_o be_v always_o do_v by_o a_o fresh_a hand_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o number_n assign_v he_o when_o the_o mandarine_n throw_v the_o tally_n out_o of_o the_o case_n he_o be_v not_o to_o give_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o neither_o must_v he_o be_v ask_v but_o his_o command_n be_v present_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o only_o in_o some_o small_a offence_n the_o patient_n may_v obtain_v with_o his_o money_n that_o the_o blow_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o the_o mandarine_n sit_v on_o his_o tribunal_n for_o in_o no_o other_o place_n he_o make_v use_v of_o those_o tally_n although_o he_o be_v always_o wait_v on_o
that_o the_o husbandman_n can_v not_o attend_v their_o plough_v and_o sow_v so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o come_v to_o suffer_v great_a want_n it_o happen_v that_o a_o mandarine_n pass_v through_o that_o province_n as_o he_o come_v from_o another_o who_o have_v more_o zeal_n and_o compassion_n for_o they_o than_o they_o who_o govern_v there_o assoon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v to_o court_n he_o present_v a_o memorial_n to_o the_o king_n wherein_o he_o do_v so_o lively_o set_v forth_o the_o small_a importance_n of_o that_o chase_n and_o the_o great_a trouble_n and_o disturbance_n which_o it_o cause_v to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n not_o only_o bound_v his_o curiosity_n and_o command_v they_o shall_v desist_v from_o take_v any_o more_o bird_n but_o also_o give_v liberty_n to_o those_o which_o be_v already_o take_v command_v the_o door_n of_o the_o aviaries_n and_o cage_n to_o be_v set_v open_a that_o they_o may_v fly_v away_o in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n daughter_n who_o they_o call_v cum_fw-la chu_n there_o be_v one_o of_o her_o servant_n who_o be_v very_o insolent_a have_v commit_v many_o high_a crime_n and_o one_o among_o the_o rest_n which_o deserve_v death_n the_o mandarines_n much_o desire_v to_o apprehend_v he_o but_o in_o the_o palace_n they_o can_v not_o and_o he_o never_o go_v abroad_o but_o when_o he_o wait_v on_o his_o princess_n at_o length_n there_o be_v a_o mandarine_a who_o resolve_v to_o take_v he_o by_o any_o mean_n he_o can_v and_o to_o this_o effect_n when_o the_o princess_n go_v next_o abroad_o he_o with_o his_o man_n set_v himself_o before_o the_o coach_n and_o make_v they_o stop_v and_o then_o present_o lay_v hand_n on_o that_o man_n and_o carry_v he_o away_o the_o princess_n resent_v the_o afront_o that_o be_v do_v she_o return_v present_o to_o the_o palace_n full_a of_o indignation_n and_o be_v so_o transport_v with_o colar_n that_o she_o will_v not_o stay_v till_o the_o king_n come_v back_o from_o the_o audience_n where_o he_o than_o be_v but_o go_v thither_o herself_o in_o person_n to_o complain_v the_o mandarine_n be_v present_o send_v for_o who_o have_v put_v himself_o in_o a_o readiness_n well_o imagine_v he_o shall_v be_v call_v he_o present_v himself_o before_o the_o king_n who_o sharp_o reprove_v he_o he_o answer_v he_o sir_n i_o have_v do_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o your_o majesty_n command_v &_o the_o law_n ordain_v but_o you_o ought_v reply_v the_o king_n to_o have_v seek_v some_o other_o time_n and_o opportunity_n i_o have_v seek_v it_o long_o enough_o answer_v the_o mandarine_a but_o i_o shall_v never_o have_v find_v it_o at_o least_o reply_v the_o king_n ask_v my_o daughter_n pardon_n and_o bow_v your_o head_n where_o there_o be_v no_o fault_n answer_v the_o other_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o pardon_n neither_o will_v i_o ask_v pardon_n for_o have_v discharge_v my_o office_n then_o the_o king_n command_v two_o mandarine_n that_o by_o 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they_o may_v imprison_v a_o delinquent_n until_o notice_n be_v give_v thereof_o to_o some_o magistrate_n the_o eleven_o be_v that_o every_o night_n infallible_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n be_v shut_v up_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v the_o street_n also_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o grate_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n but_o the_o street_n be_v not_o always_o shut_v up_o nor_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o city_n but_o only_o in_o some_o and_o that_o upon_o some_o certain_a occasion_n and_o occurrence_n the_o twelve_o be_v that_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o authority_n do_v bear_v great_a respect_n one_o to_o another_o and_o it_o will_v be_v account_v a_o great_a disgrace_n for_o any_o of_o they_o to_o quarrel_v with_o another_o open_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o although_o many_o time_n they_o have_v occasion_n of_o disgust_n and_o hatred_n yet_o outward_o they_o always_o observe_v their_o decorum_n neither_o do_v they_o upon_o this_o account_n avoid_v any_o meeting_n that_o they_o may_v not_o come_v together_o the_o thirteen_o be_v that_o none_o do_v bear_v arm_n except_o the_o soldier_n and_o they_o only_o at_o their_o muster_n or_o when_o they_o do_v accompany_v the_o mandarines_n the_o common_a people_n who_o contrariwise_o do_v easy_o quarrel_v one_o with_o another_o do_v make_v use_v only_o of_o their_o fist_n and_o he_o that_o catch_v the_o other_o first_o by_o the_o hair_n gain_v the_o battle_n nay_o if_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o hand_n that_o may_v draw_v blood_n as_o a_o staff_n a_o piece_n of_o wood_n or_o iron_n or_o such_o like_a thing_n present_o they_o lay_v it_o down_o and_o go_v to_o it_o with_o their_o fist_n the_o fourteen_o be_v that_o the_o whore_n and_o courtesan_n who_o be_v many_o time_n the_o cause_n of_o great_a disorder_n do_v lodge_n without_o the_o wall_n neither_o be_v any_o of_o they_o suffer_v to_o dwell_v within_o they_o have_v no_o particular_a house_n but_o many_o of_o they_o live_v together_o with_o a_o man_n who_o have_v the_o care_n and_o government_n of_o they_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o any_o disorder_n that_o fall_v out_o in_o their_o lodging_n the_o fifteen_o be_v that_o they_o forbid_v all_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n within_o the_o kingdom_n lest_o they_o may_v infect_v they_o with_o new_a custom_n and_o manner_n and_o disturb_v their_o ancient_a way_n of_o government_n which_o be_v a_o law_n that_o be_v in_o part_n observe_v also_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o motive_n yet_o they_o have_v never_o prohibit_v ambassador_n from_o other_o kingdom_n and_o according_o many_o be_v receive_v who_o be_v send_v from_o the_o neighbour_a king_n only_o they_o lie_v this_o obligation_n upon_o they_o that_o when_o they_o be_v arrive_v at_o the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v to_o stay_v there_o where_o the_o magistrate_n do_v treat_v they_o with_o all_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o present_o give_v the_o king_n advice_n of_o their_o arrival_n who_o send_v they_o leave_v to_o come_v to_o the_o court_n without_o which_o licence_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v forward_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o court_n they_o be_v lodge_v in_o a_o particular_a palace_n whence_o they_o may_v not_o go_v out_o but_o in_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v above_o relate_v above_o all_o they_o have_v their_o certain_a law_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n by_o which_o both_o they_o and_o their_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o first_o consist_v in_o ancient_a rite_n custom_n and_o ceremony_n common_a to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o book_n and_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v sacred_a of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o which_o justice_n be_v administer_v in_o particular_a case_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a concern_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o these_o be_v likewise_o very_o ancient_a and_o be_v all_o found_v upon_o those_o five_o cardinal_n virtue_n so_o much_o esteem_v by_o their_o ancestor_n and_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n hold_v in_o great_a veneration_n among_o they_o that_o be_v gin_fw-mi y_fw-fr li_z chi_fw-mi sin_n piety_n justice_n policy_n prudence_n and_o fidelity_n gin_fw-mi say_v they_o signify_v piety_n humanity_n charity_n reverence_n love_n and_o compassion_n which_o they_o expliane_n after_o this_o manner_n to_o esteem_v one_o self_n less_o than_o other_o to_o be_v affable_a to_o succour_v those_o that_o be_v afflict_v to_o help_v those_o that_o be_v in_o necessity_n to_o have_v a_o tender_a and_o compassionate_a heart_n to_o bear_v good_a will_n to_o all_o man_n and_o to_o use_v all_o this_o more_o particular_o towards_o
diminish_v by_o little_a and_o little_a many_o of_o they_o turn_a moor_n there_o live_v more_o of_o they_o in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n thereof_o call_v caiazzo_n fum_o furio_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n they_o have_v there_o a_o synagogue_n well_o build_v and_o adorn_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o great_a chapel_n and_o set_v out_o with_o curtain_n they_o say_v they_o have_v there_o a_o very_a ancient_a hebrew_n bible_n father_n julius_n alenes_n one_o of_o our_o company_n be_v among_o they_o for_o some_o time_n they_o show_v he_o their_o synagogue_n but_o will_v not_o draw_v their_o curtain_n and_o let_v he_o see_v the_o bible_n father_n matthaens_n riccius_fw-la affirm_v that_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n which_o the_o jew_n themselves_o make_v to_o he_o thereof_o in_o pekim_n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o differ_v from_o we_o they_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o christ_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v enter_v into_o china_n before_o he_o come_v into_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o if_o they_o have_v ever_o hear_v of_o he_o the_o memory_n of_o it_o be_v quite_o lose_v and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a consequence_n to_o see_v their_o bible_n for_o perhaps_o they_o have_v not_o corrupt_v it_o as_o our_o jew_n have_v do_v to_o obscure_v the_o glory_n of_o our_o redeemer_n these_o as_o they_o be_v in_o no_o great_a number_n so_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o shall_v long_o preserve_v themselves_o they_o who_o at_o the_o court_n have_v some_o discourse_n with_o our_o father_n do_v much_o lament_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v themselves_o for_o want_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o by_o the_o little_a knowledge_n they_o have_v of_o their_o law_n and_o say_v that_o after_o some_o time_n they_o shall_v all_o become_v either_o moor_n or_o gentile_n that_o the_o ruler_n of_o their_o synagogue_n at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o decrepit_a old_a man_n and_o his_o son_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o his_o office_n young_a and_o ignorant_a of_o the_o thing_n of_o their_o law_n and_o that_o indeed_o there_o be_v very_o few_o among_o they_o who_o be_v zealous_a observer_n of_o it_o moreover_o these_o jew_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v much_o trouble_v and_o weary_a of_o the_o reproach_n which_o the_o gentile_n lay_v upon_o some_o ceremony_n of_o their_o law_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n they_o have_v no_o great_a affection_n for_o it_o as_o their_z not_o eat_v of_o swine_n flesh_n their_o not_o touch_v a_o beast_n which_o have_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o gentile_a but_o especial_o the_o circumcise_n their_o infant_n on_o the_o eight_o day_n which_o their_o wife_n and_o chinesse_n kindred_n tell_v they_o be_v a_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a thing_n at_o this_o time_n we_o have_v in_o that_o city_n of_o caiazzo_n funifú_fw-it a_fw-fr house_n and_o church_n and_o when_o i_o leave_v that_o kingdom_n a_o good_a number_n of_o christian_n which_o daily_o increase_v not_o without_o hope_n also_o that_o some_o good_a may_v be_v do_v upon_o those_o jew_n who_o be_v so_o ready_a to_o change_v their_o religion_n will_v more_o easy_o embrace_v the_o true_a one_o which_o have_v more_o conformity_n to_o they_o than_o any_o other_o chap._n 31._o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n plant_v many_o age_n since_o in_o china_n and_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stone_n late_o discover_v there_o which_o be_v a_o admirable_a testimony_n thereof_o it_o have_v always_o be_v a_o well_o ground_a opinion_n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n have_v be_v very_o ancient_o plant_v in_o china_n paulus_n venetus_n make_v a_o relation_n of_o that_o country_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o go_v many_o day_n journey_n into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o tartar_n assure_v we_o that_o in_o that_o time_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o christian_n in_o china_n who_o have_v very_o sumptuous_a church_n and_o name_v the_o city_n where_o they_o live_v he_o write_v this_o with_o very_a much_o truth_n for_o of_o all_o that_o which_o he_o mention_v there_o be_v yet_o remain_v many_o house_n and_o in_o other_o place_n the_o ruin_n of_o they_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o it_o to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o other_o grave_a author_n wherein_o we_o read_v that_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o gospel_n penetrate_v as_o far_o as_o china_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o apostle_n st._n thomas_n and_o his_o disciple_n among_o other_o writing_n out_o of_o which_o this_o may_v be_v draw_v the_o chalde_a book_n concern_v the_o indian_a christianity_n cultivate_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o say_a apostle_n be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n the_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a be_v to_o this_o day_n preserve_v and_o keep_v in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o granganour_n or_o della_n serra_n that_o be_v of_o the_o mountain_n as_o it_o be_v vulgar_o call_v translate_v out_o of_o that_o language_n by_o order_n of_o the_o archbishop_n thereof_o franciscus_n ros_n by_o the_o pain_n and_o industry_n of_o one_o of_o our_o father_n who_o be_v very_o skilful_a in_o that_o tongue_n the_o translation_n be_v in_o latin_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o general_o understand_v we_o will_v turn_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o it_o into_o the_o vulgar_a one_o of_o these_o book_n be_v a_o breviary_n which_o in_o one_o of_o the_o lesson_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o nocturnal_a have_v these_o word_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o s._n thomas_n the_o error_n of_o the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o indian_n be_v dissipate_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o chiness_n and_o aethiopian_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o truth_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n they_o obtain_v the_o virtue_n of_o baptism_n and_o the_o adoption_n of_o son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st_n thomas_n they_o believe_v in_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n they_o keep_v that_o faith_n which_o they_o have_v promise_v to_o god_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o life_n enlighten_v all_o india_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n fly_v and_o enter_v into_o china_n and_o present_o there_o follow_v a_o antiphona_n which_o say_v the_o indian_n the_o chiness_n the_o persian_n and_o the_o other_o islander_n they_o of_o syria_n armenia_n graecia_n and_o romania_n in_o commemoration_n of_o st._n thomas_n do_v offer_v their_o adoration_n unto_o thy_o most_o holy_a name_n o_o great_a god_n in_o the_o summarie_n of_o the_o constitution_n synodal_n part_n 2._o cap_n 19_o concern_v bishop_n and_o metropolitan_o there_o be_v a_o canon_n of_o the_o patriarch_n theodotius_n which_o have_v these_o word_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o great_a province_n such_o as_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o metropolitan_o of_o china_n after_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o portughese_n into_o cocchine_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o malaber_n who_o be_v call_v don._n diego_n entitle_v himself_o metropolitan_a of_o india_n and_o china_n as_o do_v also_o don_n giuseppe_n who_o die_v at_o rome_n these_o be_v the_o ancient_a title_n of_o that_o church_n and_o be_v take_v all_o together_o be_v strong_a argument_n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n do_v former_o flourish_v in_o china_n these_o be_v the_o powerful_a motive_n that_o do_v engage_v we_o after_o our_o arrival_n thither_o with_o much_o care_n and_o fervour_n to_o trace_v the_o ruin_n and_o footstep_n of_o that_o ancient_a christianity_n in_o the_o history_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o we_o have_v very_o diligent_o peruse_v we_o find_v no_o mention_n thereof_o to_o our_o great_a admiration_n know_v well_o how_o curious_a and_o diligent_a inquisitour_n the_o chiness_n be_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o their_o own_o country_n that_o they_o may_v eternize_v the_o memory_n of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a we_o have_v information_n that_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o part_n who_o do_v reverence_v the_o cross_n and_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o it_o over_o their_o meat_n without_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v it_o when_o i_o be_v in_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o kiamsi_n i_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o christian_a that_o in_o the_o little_a town_n of_o tamo_n xan_n which_o be_v not_o far_o off_o there_o be_v some_o who_o when_o they_o go_v out_o of_o door_n do_v make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n upon_o their_o forehead_n and_o be_v ask_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o custom_n they_o answer_v only_o that_o they_o have_v learn_v it_o of_o their_o ancestor_n in_o the_o court_n of_o pekim_n some_o of_o our_o father_n be_v one_o day_n to_o visit_v a_o jew_n he_o discourse_v more_o particular_o to_o they_o concern_v this_o matter_n and_o name_v to_o they_o the_o
make_v it_o their_o most_o earnest_a request_n that_o i_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o to_o serve_v as_o soldier_n in_o this_o enterprise_n as_o if_o the_o trouble_n and_o pain_n they_o be_v to_o suffer_v in_o these_o long_a and_o dangerous_a voyage_n and_o the_o persecution_n they_o be_v so_o certain_a to_o undergo_v in_o this_o exercise_n be_v to_o this_o undertake_n as_o the_o prickle_n be_v to_o rose_n whereof_o s._n ambrose_n say_v that_o they_o be_v amatoria_fw-la quaedam_fw-la illectamenta_fw-la and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o portugal_n as_o be_v most_o convenient_o situate_v for_o this_o voyage_n only_o out_o of_o the_o two_o college_n of_o conimbra_n and_o ebora_n i_o have_v a_o list_n of_o 90_o person_n all_o so_o ready_a and_o desirous_a to_o labour_v in_o this_o mission_n that_o many_o of_o they_o not_o be_v content_a to_o declare_v their_o desire_n by_o ordinary_a word_n write_v with_o pen_n and_o ink_n have_v send_v i_o very_o long_a letter_n concern_v their_o holy_a pretention_n all_o write_v and_o sign_v with_o their_o own_o blood_n witness_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o they_o have_v a_o holy_a courage_n that_o can_v despise_v the_o threat_n of_o martyrdom_n offer_v cheerful_o to_o the_o lord_n that_o little_a blood_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o the_o great_a desire_n they_o have_v to_o shed_v it_o all_o for_o his_o sake_n who_o now_o can_v doubt_v whether_o these_o be_v not_o the_o marvellous_a effect_n of_o that_o spirit_n and_o zeal_n which_o franciscus_n xaverius_n communicate_v to_o they_o occasion_v inward_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o each_o of_o they_o that_o which_o a_o little_a while_n since_o he_o do_v outward_o in_o that_o great_a champion_n marcellus_n spinellus_n by_o send_v he_o to_o giappon_n where_o he_o crown_v that_o glorious_a enterprise_n with_o his_o blood_n sancian_n be_v one_o of_o those_o many_o island_n which_o on_o that_o side_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n it_o be_v a_o high_a mountain_n cover_v with_o tree_n and_o though_o very_o pleasant_a yet_o un-inhabited_n when_o the_o portughesses_n first_o begin_v their_o trade_n with_o china_n this_o island_n serve_v they_o for_o a_o port_n and_o there_o they_o build_v house_n with_o straw_n like_a hut_v which_o serve_v they_o only_o for_o the_o time_n of_o their_o negotiation_n &_o while_o they_o expect_v their_o merchandise_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o come_v they_o abandon_v that_o habitation_n and_o present_o set_v sail_n return_v into_o india_n four_o and_o fifty_o mile_n from_o thence_o more_o within_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v another_o island_n name_v gau_n xan_n and_o by_o the_o portughesses_n macao_n it_o be_v but_o small_a and_o so_o full_a of_o rock_n that_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v defend_v and_o very_o opportune_a for_o the_o rendezvous_n of_o pirate_n and_o robber_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n when_o many_o of_o they_o have_v get_v together_o in_o that_o place_n do_v much_o infest_v all_o the_o island_n thereabouts_o the_o chiness_n be_v in_o consultation_n how_o they_o may_v remedy_v that_o mischief_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o want_v courage_n to_o undertake_v it_o or_o that_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o have_v it_o do_v without_o run_v any_o danger_n themselves_o and_o at_o other_o man_n cost_n know_v well_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o portughess_n they_o set_v they_o upon_o the_o enterprise_n promise_v they_o that_o if_o they_o can_v drive_v out_o the_o pirate_n it_o shall_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o for_o a_o habitation_n the_o portughess_n accept_v of_o the_o condition_n with_o much_o pleasure_n and_o contentment_n and_o though_o they_o be_v but_o few_o and_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o pirate_n nevertheless_o be_v more_o skilful_a in_o military_a affair_n they_o put_v themselves_o in_o order_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o so_o much_o courage_n that_o without_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o man_n on_o their_o own_o party_n though_o with_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o present_o become_v master_n both_o of_o the_o field_n and_o island_n they_o begin_v present_o upon_o this_o to_o build_v every_o one_o take_v that_o place_n and_o ground_n which_o seem_v good_a to_o he_o but_o that_o which_o cost_v nothing_o at_o first_o come_v after_o to_o be_v sell_v very_o dear_a and_o at_o so_o high_a a_o rate_n at_o this_o present_a that_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v how_o much_o the_o least_o piece_n of_o ground_n to_o build_v on_o in_o that_o city_n will_v cost_v for_o trade_n beginning_n to_o fail_v every_o where_n in_o india_n do_v here_o increase_v still_o every_o day_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v grow_v so_o rich_a that_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o hollander_n have_v make_v they_o have_v a_o great_a longing_n to_o it_o and_o do_v once_o attempt_v to_o take_v it_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n 1622._o fourteen_o sail_n of_o hollander_n come_v into_o that_o port_n with_o so_o much_o resolution_n and_o assurance_n to_o take_v that_o city_n that_o they_o have_v already_o divide_v in_o their_o thought_n the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o among_o themselves_o and_o many_o captain_n and_o old_a soldier_n come_v along_o in_o this_o fleet_n only_o out_o of_o hope_n to_o have_v their_o former_a service_n pay_v they_o here_o and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o in_o a_o condition_n of_o ease_n and_o plenty_n after_o all_o the_o hardship_n they_o have_v endure_v they_o land_v 700_o man_n on_o midsummer_n eve_n 300_o of_o they_o stay_v upon_o the_o shore_n to_o guard_v the_o cannon_n the_o other_o 400_o have_v draw_v up_o themselves_o into_o a_o squadron_n go_v to_o the_o hill_n of_o our_o lady_n della_fw-it guida_n march_v towards_o the_o city_n with_o so_o great_a order_n and_o cheerfulness_n as_o if_o they_o have_v the_o victory_n already_o in_o their_o hand_n they_o be_v no_o soon_o discover_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o s._n paul_n but_o they_o be_v receive_v with_o two_o or_o three_o salute_n from_o the_o cannon_n on_o that_o side_n so_o well_o level_v that_o beginning_n to_o abate_v of_o their_o fury_n they_o leave_v the_o direct_a way_n towards_o the_o city_n and_o turn_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n towards_o the_o mountain_n of_o our_o lady_n deal_v buon_n porto_fw-la and_o because_o there_o be_v a_o garrison_n there_o they_o keep_v off_o about_o twice_o musket-shot_a and_o fortify_v themselves_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n where_o st._n mary_fw-mi church_n stand_v but_o the_o portughess_n discharge_v upon_o they_o so_o seasonable_o and_o with_o so_o much_o valour_n and_o courage_n that_o they_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o make_v they_o run_v down_o the_o hill_n towards_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o other_o soldier_n stand_v by_o the_o ship_n they_o flee_v in_o so_o much_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n that_o although_o there_o be_v above_o 300._o there_o to_o guard_v their_o artillery_n who_o do_v succour_v they_o with_o fresh_a man_n and_o encourage_v they_o to_o face_n about_o yet_o all_o be_v in_o vain_a and_o so_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o force_v to_o run_v into_o the_o water_n up_o to_o the_o chin_n to_o get_v into_o their_o boat_n and_o these_o escape_v well_o for_o many_o go_v over_o head_n and_o ear_n and_o a_o barque_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n of_o those_o that_o get_v into_o she_o sink_v down_o right_a and_o above_o 400_o man_n be_v drown_v the_o number_n of_o the_o wound_a be_v not_o know_v but_o it_o be_v conjecture_v they_o can_v not_o be_v few_o for_o while_o they_o embark_v our_o musketeer_n who_o stand_v upon_o a_o hill_n just_a over_o they_o play_v continual_o upon_o they_o of_o the_o portughese_n there_o be_v slay_v only_o three_o or_o four_o and_o some_o servant_n the_o hollander_n be_v ill_o satisfy_v with_o this_o entertainment_n present_o set_v sail_n and_o dare_v never_o since_o hazard_v themselves_o upon_o the_o like_a enterprise_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o fortify_v the_o town_n of_o macao_n with_o a_o wall_n round_o about_o it_o have_v six_o bulwark_n that_o of_o st._n paul_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o cittaddell_n stand_v high_a than_o the_o town_n have_v fifteen_o piece_n of_o cannon_n a_o court_n of_o guard_n and_o a_o castellan_n belong_v to_o it_o that_o of_o the_o port_n have_v fourteen_o piece_n of_o cannon_n among_o which_o be_v six_o great_a one_o that_o carry_v each_o of_o they_o a_o ball_n of_o 50_o pound_n weight_n and_o another_o court_n of_o guard_n the_o three_o bulwark_n be_v that_o of_o our_o lady_n deal_v buon_n porto_fw-la with_o eight_o piece_n of_o cannon_n the_o four_o that_o of_o st._n francis_n towards_o the_o mountain_n with_o other_o eight_o piece_n of_o cannon_n the_o five_o be_v that_o of_o st._n peter_n with_o five_o piece_n of_o cannon_n the_o sixth_o be_v that_o of_o st._n john_n
of_o that_o famous_a city_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v wherefore_o although_o some_o friend_n there_o do_v desire_v to_o favour_v he_o yet_o one_o with_o who_o he_o have_v contract_v in_o cantone_n and_o who_o favour_n he_o do_v now_o endeavour_v to_o gain_v be_v not_o only_o want_v to_o he_o in_o what_o he_o request_v but_o be_v so_o far_o change_v from_o what_o he_o be_v that_o he_o put_v the_o father_n in_o great_a danger_n and_o be_v the_o occasion_n that_o he_o be_v disgraceful_o send_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o all_o this_o upon_o no_o other_o account_n but_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o he_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o father_n come_v thither_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o china_n the_o father_n depart_v from_o nankim_n and_o go_v into_o the_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n which_o lie_v between_o that_o of_o namkim_n and_o that_o of_o cantone_n he_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o capital_a city_n thereof_o name_v nanchum_fw-la and_o treat_v very_o kind_o by_o the_o most_o considerable_a people_n there_o and_o especial_o by_o a_o great_a lord_n named_z kien_fw-fr gam_n va_o who_o be_v the_o king_n near_o kinsman_n he_o be_v also_o very_o courteous_o use_v by_o the_o viceroy_n with_o no_o ordinary_a demonstration_n of_o kindness_n which_o be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o occasion_n that_o a_o residence_n be_v found_v in_o this_o city_n then_o father_n riccius_fw-la use_v all_o diligence_n to_o obtain_v leave_n to_o set_v up_o a_o house_n there_o the_o lord_n provide_v he_o of_o a_o companion_n name_v jacobus_n socirus_fw-la send_v from_o macao_n very_o opportune_o to_o reside_v there_o and_o then_o present_o they_o purchase_v some_o few_o small_a house_n in_o this_o city_n but_o not_o without_o the_o usual_a resistance_n and_o contradiction_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n as_o also_o from_o other_o part_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n do_v so_o increase_v that_o this_o house_n may_v well_o compare_v with_o that_o of_o xaocheu_o for_o persecution_n for_o if_o the_o people_n of_o that_o city_n be_v bad_a true_o they_o of_o this_o city_n be_v not_o very_o good_a the_o father_n be_v sometime_o molest_v by_o the_o letterati_fw-la otherwhiles_o by_o the_o nobility_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v many_o still_o reside_v in_o this_o city_n they_o be_v trouble_v also_o by_o the_o people_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o christian_n themselves_o for_o there_o be_v never_o want_v a_o judas_n to_o raise_v persecution_n among_o the_o good_a disciple_n nevertheless_o it_o please_v god_n to_o make_v that_o house_n and_o christianity_n there_o to_o flourish_v and_o to_o bring_v into_o they_o many_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o particular_o that_o near_a kinsman_n of_o the_o king_n with_o his_o whole_a house_n and_o family_n who_o by_o his_o holy_a life_n and_o other_o virtue_n do_v much_o edify_v that_o church_n and_o though_o he_o have_v no_o child_n while_o he_o be_v a_o gentile_a yet_o it_o please_v the_o lord_n to_o send_v he_o many_o after_o he_o be_v become_v a_o christian._n there_o be_v also_o many_o other_o family_n convert_v which_o although_o they_o be_v inferior_a to_o he_o in_o blood_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o come_v much_o behind_o he_o in_o christian_a piety_n after_o that_o father_n riccius_fw-la have_v a_o companion_n to_o who_o care_n he_o may_v leave_v that_o house_n recommend_v he_o begin_v to_o undertake_v afresh_o the_o enterprise_n of_o nankim_n and_o he_o have_v a_o good_a opportunity_n offer_v he_o by_o a_o mandarine_a of_o quality_n and_o his_o friend_n who_o take_v he_o along_o in_o his_o company_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o return_v again_o to_o that_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1598._o and_o although_o at_o the_o beginning_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n which_o the_o giapponess_n make_v against_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_n threaten_v also_o that_o of_o china_n he_o find_v great_a difficulty_n to_o be_v admit_v for_o these_o two_o always_o go_v together_o yet_o at_o length_n it_o be_v facilitated_a by_o the_o good_a success_n of_o corea_n and_o the_o friendship_n of_o some_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o of_o the_o viceroy_n himself_o the_o divine_a providence_n always_o open_v that_o way_n which_o he_o know_v be_v most_o secure_a chap._n 3._o of_o what_o happen_v after_o till_o the_o father_n enter_v into_o pekim_n father_n matthaeus_n riccius_fw-la never_n cease_v to_o endeavour_v a_o final_a establishment_n of_o the_o church_n in_o that_o kingdom_n which_o do_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o father_n into_o the_o royal_a city_n of_o pekim_n where_o the_o king_n and_o chief_a court_n do_v reside_v and_o so_o after_o he_o have_v assay_v diverse_a mean_n at_o length_n he_o resolve_v to_o go_v thither_o in_o the_o company_n of_o the_o same_o mandarine_a his_o friend_n who_o have_v bring_v he_o to_o nankim_v and_o so_o he_o take_v no_o house_n at_o that_o time_n in_o nankim_n he_o depart_v then_o along_o with_o father_n lazarus_n cataneus_n his_o companion_n and_o two_o chiness_n who_o be_v brethren_n take_v their_o way_n by_o water_n which_o be_v above_o a_o month_n voyage_n although_o the_o mandarine_n get_v thither_o in_o a_o short_a time_n by_o land_n but_o at_o length_n be_v arrive_v at_o pekim_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o disturbance_n the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o go_v wait_v upon_o their_o friend_n who_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o come_v thither_o and_o be_v arrive_v there_o before_o they_o he_o receive_v they_o with_o all_o kindness_n and_o civility_n and_o endeavour_v to_o favour_n and_o assist_v they_o in_o every_o thing_n &_o especial_o in_o recommend_v they_o to_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o a_o eunuch_n his_o friend_n the_o father_n have_v bring_v with_o they_o some_o curiosity_n of_o europe_n to_o make_v a_o present_a of_o they_o to_o the_o king_n to_o wit_n two_o excellent_a picture_n paint_v on_o linen_n cloth_n the_o one_o of_o our_o saviour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o b._n virgin_n a_o harpsicon_n a_o instrument_n which_o have_v never_o be_v hear_v a_o strike_a clock_n a_o thing_n which_o have_v never_o be_v see_v there_o before_o and_o some_o triangular_a glass_n with_o all_o which_o the_o eunuch_n be_v well_o please_v but_o not_o find_v that_o gain_n from_o the_o father_n which_o he_o expect_v and_o which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n he_o look_v after_o he_o excuse_v himself_o that_o he_o can_v not_o present_v they_o to_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o war_n which_o the_o giapponese_n make_v upon_o corea_n and_o which_o be_v every_o day_n expect_v in_o china_n saying_n that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o fit_a time_n to_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n about_o stranger_n affair_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n also_o be_v that_o mandarine_a their_o friend_n who_o be_v to_o return_v to_o nankim_v where_o he_o have_v a_o government_n bestow_v upon_o he_o will_v willing_o have_v carry_v the_o father_n back_n again_o with_o he_o but_o it_o seem_v better_a to_o they_o that_o the_o hope_n which_o they_o have_v conceive_v shall_v not_o be_v so_o soon_o lose_v nor_o so_o much_o labour_n and_o expense_n be_v cast_v away_o in_o vain_a wherefore_o they_o remain_v in_o pekim_n above_o a_o month_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o mandarine_a use_v all_o endeavour_n and_o seek_v out_o all_o way_n possible_a to_o see_v if_o they_o can_v compass_v their_o intention_n but_o all_o their_o diligence_n be_v in_o vain_a for_o the_o mandarine_n be_v once_o go_v all_o the_o rest_n withdraw_v themselves_o so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o mandarines_n of_o the_o court_n that_o will_v admit_v they_o so_o much_o as_o to_o a_o visit_n the_o difficulty_n then_o be_v so_o great_a and_o they_o find_v no_o way_n to_o overcome_v they_o the_o father_n be_v force_v to_o return_v into_o that_o country_n where_o they_o be_v more_o know_v and_o have_v be_v better_o receive_v and_o so_o they_o come_v back_o to_o nankim_v but_o not_o with_o so_o much_o ease_n as_o they_o think_v they_o shall_v have_v do_v for_o the_o winter_n overtake_v they_o in_o their_o voyage_n and_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o they_o be_v force_v to_o winter_n by_o the_o way_n but_o father_n matthaeus_n riccius_fw-la be_v loath_a to_o lose_v any_o opportunity_n leave_v his_o companion_n in_o the_o bark_n and_o take_v his_o way_n by_o land_n avoid_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o trouble_n and_o hindrance_n of_o the_o winter_v but_o not_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o journey_n which_o be_v so_o excessive_a that_o many_o time_n it_o hinder_v he_o from_o go_v forward_o but_o at_o length_n have_v overcome_v all_o difficulty_n he_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n of_o sucheu_fw-la which_o without_o all_o contradiction_n be_v the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o delightful_a city_n of_o all_o china_n so_o that_o they_o have_v a_o proverb_n
which_o say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o sucheu_fw-la &_o hancheu_fw-la be_v that_o upon_o earth_n which_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o bless_a be_v in_o heaven_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o pleasant_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n just_a as_o venice_n be_v in_o the_o sea_n it_o have_v the_o great_a traffic_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n the_o merchandise_n from_o macao_n be_v first_o bring_v thither_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v afterward_o disperse_v to_o all_o other_o part_n here_o the_o father_n find_v quitaizo_n his_o ancient_a friend_n in_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n by_o who_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o kindness_n and_o friendship_n and_o be_v also_o by_o he_o introduce_v and_o bring_v into_o credit_n with_o the_o whole_a city_n and_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o principal_a mandarine_n he_o be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o he_o in_o gain_v the_o friendship_n of_o several_a mandarines_n of_o great_a authority_n for_o which_o and_o other_o good_a turn_n he_o do_v we_o in_o canton_n and_o other_o place_n and_o especial_o in_o nankim_n he_o deserve_v no_o small_a commendation_n and_o acknowledgement_n the_o father_n give_v he_o a_o triangular_a glass_n which_o by_o his_o friend_n be_v take_v for_o so_o precious_a a_o jewel_n that_o he_o tip_v both_o the_o end_n of_o it_o with_o gold_n and_o make_v a_o case_n of_o silver_n to_o put_v it_o in_o and_o after_o sell_v it_o for_o above_o 500_o crown_n this_o honest_a man_n much_o desire_v that_o the_o father_n will_v settle_v himself_o in_o that_o city_n and_o find_v a_o house_n there_o where_o he_o may_v assist_v and_o promote_v he_o with_o more_o convenience_n propose_v many_o difficulty_n which_o will_v hinder_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o father_n at_o nankim_n nevertheless_o have_v weigh_v thing_n better_a and_o take_v that_o resolution_n which_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o their_o occasion_n they_o go_v both_o of_o they_o to_o nankim_v in_o the_o year_n 1599_o where_o they_o find_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n much_o alter_v from_o what_o it_o be_v the_o time_n before_o the_o city_n do_v now_o enjoy_v a_o profound_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n the_o giapponese_n be_v beat_v back_o into_o their_o own_o country_n the_o mandarine_a their_o friend_n be_v very_o glad_a of_o their_o come_n and_o do_v they_o many_o singular_a favour_n as_o do_v also_o many_o other_o both_o magistrate_n and_o other_o grave_a man_n and_o person_n of_o account_n in_o that_o city_n particular_o a_o coli_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o censor_n or_o syndic-royall_a name_v choxelim_n wherefore_o the_o father_n not_o only_o by_o their_o consent_n but_o also_o by_o their_o persuasion_n resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o residence_n and_o find_v a_o house_n in_o that_o noble_a city_n which_o be_v the_o second_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n while_o the_o father_n make_v his_o abode_n there_o he_o give_v great_a proof_n of_o himself_o and_o of_o the_o science_n of_o europe_n particular_o of_o the_o mathematics_n he_o make_v a_o new_a map_n of_o the_o world_n with_o the_o explanation_n thereof_o in_o the_o chinesse_n language_n and_o character_n which_o gain_v great_a reputation_n not_o only_o to_o the_o author_n but_o also_o to_o europe_n see_v there_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o noble_a kingdom_n and_o city_n so_o that_o the_o same_o quitaizo_n and_o other_o with_o very_o solemn_a ceremony_n make_v themselves_o disciple_n to_o father_n riccius_fw-la neither_o be_v the_o authority_n less_o which_o the_o father_n gain_v by_o the_o public_a dispute_n which_o he_o hold_v concern_v matter_n of_o religion_n wherein_o to_o the_o admiration_n of_o all_o the_o counsel_n he_o ever_o have_v the_o victory_n so_o that_o the_o father_n come_v to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o reputation_n that_o they_o be_v celebrate_v by_o many_o letterati_fw-la in_o epigram_n and_o eulogy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o companion_n of_o father_n riccius_fw-la arrive_v after_o they_o have_v winter_v by_o the_o way_n and_o endure_v many_o labour_n and_o hardship_n but_o when_o they_o find_v the_o father_n in_o that_o city_n where_o a_o little_a before_o he_o be_v not_o only_o not_o receive_v but_o also_o drive_v out_o with_o ignominy_n and_o shame_n now_o to_o have_v such_o credit_n and_o applause_n and_o so_o many_o friend_n who_o favour_v he_o they_o forget_v all_o their_o former_a suffering_n and_o give_v most_o hearty_a thanks_o to_o the_o lord_n our_o god_n for_o that_o present_a prosperity_n not_o long_o after_o they_o begin_v to_o think_v of_o buy_v a_o house_n for_o that_o wherein_o they_o live_v be_v only_o hire_v many_o be_v offer_v to_o they_o but_o such_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o be_v inconvenient_a for_o they_o among_o which_o there_o be_v one_o that_o be_v very_o large_a and_o capacious_a but_o haunt_v with_o devil_n and_o phantasm_n so_o that_o none_o dare_v dwell_v in_o it_o this_o inconvenience_n use_v common_o to_o be_v advantageous_a to_o we_o for_o we_o not_o fear_v these_o 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and_o look_v one_o upon_o another_o say_v sure_a our_o caoye_n for_o so_o they_o call_v their_o mandarine_n be_v out_o of_o his_o wit_n not_o understand_v that_o indeed_o he_o have_v show_v this_o more_o in_o that_o particular_a than_o in_o any_o other_o after_o he_o have_v serve_v his_o king_n many_o year_n he_o think_v good_a to_o retire_v himself_o that_o he_o may_v more_o fervent_o &_o devout_o serve_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n he_o go_v therefore_o to_o his_o house_n in_o the_o city_n of_o hamcheu_fw-la where_o he_o dedicate_v himself_o with_o his_o whole_a heart_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o salvation_n he_o build_v a_o new_a church_n and_o house_n for_o the_o father_n which_o be_v very_o requisite_a in_o so_o vast_a and_o populous_a a_o city_n although_o we_o have_v then_o another_o there_o at_o the_o same_o time_n this_o stand_v so_o near_o his_o own_o house_n that_o it_o give_v he_o a_o continual_a occasion_n to_o converse_v very_o frequent_o with_o the_o father_n which_o 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not_o father_n catanaeus_n who_o be_v he_o that_o be_v to_o make_v himself_o king_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o metropolis_n inflame_v with_o a_o military_a heat_n while_o the_o neighbour_a city_n be_v ready_a to_o die_v for_o fear_n who_o will_v ever_o have_v doubt_v that_o a_o fire_n so_o unfortunate_o begin_v shall_v not_o have_v reach_v as_o far_o as_o our_o residence_n of_o xaocheu_fw-la a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o province_n and_o not_o very_o far_o from_o the_o metropolis_n and_o shall_v not_o there_o have_v burn_v up_o whatsoever_o it_o find_v in_o it_o together_o with_o all_o our_o other_o house_n in_o that_o kingdom_n they_o rush_v sudden_o into_o the_o house_n with_o such_o a_o fury_n as_o you_o may_v easy_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v in_o upon_o such_o occasion_n they_o make_v a_o very_a strict_a search_n and_o turn_v every_o thing_n upside_o down_o to_o see_v if_o they_o can_v find_v any_o arm_n and_o have_v not_o find_v what_o they_o seek_v for_o have_v imagine_v 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province_n be_v like_o a_o turbulent_a sea_n for_o there_o storm_n be_v never_o want_v one_o still_o succeed_v another_o until_o they_o have_v utter_o ruin_v our_o house_n at_o xaocheu_o it_o be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1613_o when_o the_o people_n of_o this_o city_n after_o many_o contrast_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o their_o sin_n do_v render_v they_o unworthy_a of_o those_o mercy_n the_o lord_n will_v have_v confer_v on_o they_o or_o that_o the_o lord_n be_v please_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o provide_v the_o father_n a_o more_o quiet_a and_o secure_a abode_n conspire_v in_o that_o violent_a manner_n against_o the_o father_n that_o the_o mandarines_n not_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o litterati_fw-la the_o bonzi_n and_o the_o common_a people_n who_o with_o one_o accord_n cry_v our_o against_o the_o stranger_n do_v banish_v they_o by_o a_o public_a sentence_n pronounce_v against_o they_o which_o notwithstanding_o have_v thus_o much_o of_o good_a in_o it_o 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and_o assassinate_v the_o people_n that_o they_o teach_v man_n not_o to_o reverence_v the_o image_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o not_o to_o worship_v the_o pagod_n but_o break_v and_o burn_v they_o that_o they_o seduce_v the_o ignorant_a people_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o worship_v a_o moor_n for_o so_o in_o that_o province_n they_o call_v the_o europaean_n say_v that_o he_o be_v the_o true_a god_n that_o they_o make_v assembly_n and_o meeting_n and_o hinder_v people_n from_o follow_v their_o business_n that_o they_o have_v almost_o pervert_v the_o whole_a city_n and_o though_o at_o the_o beginning_n there_o be_v but_o a_o few_o of_o their_o sect_n yet_o now_o they_o be_v multiply_v to_o 20000._o in_o fine_a they_o say_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o sound_v so_o ill_o that_o there_o be_v none_o who_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o will_v be_v sufficient_a whole_o to_o extirpate_v the_o father_n beside_o their_o adversary_n be_v many_o unite_v in_o one_o body_n and_o litterati_fw-la too_o who_o know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o use_v their_o pen_n and_o be_v common_o the_o better_o hear_v for_o that_o reason_n they_o present_v their_o memorial_n to_o the_o magistrate_n who_o receive_v it_o and_o cite_v the_o father_n to_o their_o tribunal_n where_o they_o be_v examine_v about_o their_o life_n and_o manner_n and_o concern_v the_o doctrine_n which_o they_o preach_v they_o give_v a_o account_n of_o themselves_o and_o be_v also_o very_o well_o hear_v they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o the_o catechism_n which_o they_o teach_v print_v in_o the_o chinesse_n language_n and_o present_v it_o to_o the_o mandarines_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o memorial_n this_o be_v so_o well_o look_v upon_o that_o they_o not_o only_o admire_v therein_o the_o foundation_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o virtue_n but_o also_o great_o praise_v the_o precept_n of_o the_o ten_o
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rejoice_v at_o it_o and_o to_o the_o singular_a grief_n and_o shame_n of_o the_o bonzi_n who_o be_v present_o discard_v and_o their_o temple_n convert_v into_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o saviour_n of_o the_o world_n now_o do_v these_o two_o hero_n seem_v two_o firm_a and_o stable_a pillar_n very_o proper_a to_o sustain_v that_o infant_n church_n with_o a_o certain_a hope_n that_o their_o example_n will_v draw_v many_o other_o to_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n and_o that_o there_o will_v be_v a_o flourish_a christianity_n found_v in_o that_o so_o populous_a a_o metropolis_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o rich_a the_o most_o delicious_a and_o magnificent_a in_o temple_n and_o other_o structure_n of_o any_o in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o for_o the_o generality_n the_o least_o dispose_v to_o receive_v our_o holy_a faith_n whether_o it_o be_v then_o for_o this_o cause_n or_o because_o their_o hour_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v which_o require_v a_o great_a disposition_n there_o be_v so_o little_a fruit_n of_o the_o gospel_n at_o that_o time_n that_o the_o father_n judge_v it_o better_a to_o give_v place_n to_o time_n and_o for_o the_o present_a to_o leave_v that_o abode_n and_o to_o find_v out_o some_o other_o place_n better_o dispose_v to_o receive_v the_o seed_n of_o faith_n they_o proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o propose_v their_o intention_n to_o father_n nicolaus_n longobardus_n superior_a of_o that_o mission_n who_o will_v neither_o approve_v nor_o reject_v their_o opinion_n but_o remit_v the_o business_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o house_n at_o nankim_n where_o i_o be_v then_o at_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n we_o be_v there_o in_o all_o nine_o of_o the_o society_n the_o matter_n be_v debate_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o of_o we_o that_o according_a as_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o they_o shall_v proceed_v with_o patience_n and_o longanimitie_n great_a difficulty_n have_v be_v overcome_v by_o those_o weapon_n so_o without_o any_o more_o thought_n of_o change_n the_o father_n remain_v labour_v in_o that_o city_n not_o know_v the_o great_a good_a which_o the_o lord_n have_v there_o prepare_v for_o they_o and_o which_o time_n afterward_o discover_v not_o only_o by_o sound_v there_o one_o of_o the_o most_o numerous_a and_o best_a instruct_v church_n that_o be_v in_o china_n but_o because_o that_o house_n be_v ever_o a_o safe_a port_n to_o we_o in_o all_o tempest_n and_o a_o secure_a refuge_n in_o all_o persecution_n as_o shall_v be_v see_v hereafter_o christianity_n also_o be_v much_o increase_v in_o xaâ—hoi_n the_o country_n of_o dr._n paul_n for_o his_o father_n and_o all_o his_o household_n have_v be_v baptise_a and_o many_o other_o people_n of_o that_o place_n and_o although_o we_o have_v there_o no_o settle_a house_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o church_n and_o every_o year_n the_o christian_n be_v visit_v both_o to_o confirm_v the_o old_a one_o and_o convert_v new_a one_o in_o the_o four_o ancient_a house_n the_o father_n say_v mass_n preach_v and_o exercise_v the_o mystery_n and_o ceremony_n of_o our_o holy_a faith_n very_o quiet_o and_o without_o any_o disturbance_n at_o all_o the_o christian_n exercise_v their_o devotion_n and_o many_o gentile_n endeavour_v to_o find_v the_o way_n of_o their_o salvation_n the_o christian_a religion_n flourish_v every_o day_n more_o and_o more_o with_o a_o abundant_a number_n of_o new_a convert_v and_o also_o of_o new_a labourer_n which_o be_v send_v to_o we_o from_o macao_n where_o they_o be_v first_o instruct_v in_o the_o language_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o be_v send_v unto_o from_o many_o place_n and_o from_o several_a person_n to_o desire_v we_o to_o come_v into_o their_o country_n and_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o they_o this_o city_n of_o vamcheu_fw-la which_o be_v near_o unto_o nankim_n have_v so_o great_a a_o desire_n to_o be_v make_v partaker_n of_o our_o doctrine_n that_o the_o litterati_fw-la there_o write_v a_o letter_n to_o father_n alphonsus_n vagnone_n in_o nankim_n where_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n superior_a which_o be_v subscribe_v by_o forty_o of_o they_o wherein_o they_o do_v invite_v the_o father_n to_o come_v to_o they_o with_o many_o prayer_n and_o entreaty_n and_o very_o earnest_o desire_v he_o that_o he_o will_v not_o defer_v his_o come_n &_o that_o good_a which_o they_o so_o much_o long_v for_o they_o do_v also_o the_o like_a in_o many_o other_o place_n whether_o the_o fame_n of_o our_o holy_a faith_n be_v arrive_v either_o by_o the_o book_n we_o have_v print_v there_o or_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o gentile_n for_o these_o do_v sometime_o serve_v as_o a_o guide_n to_o the_o rest_n and_o i_o have_v once_o one_o of_o they_o who_o do_v help_v i_o to_o catechise_v or_o else_o by_o their_o conversation_n with_o christian_n themselves_o and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o much_o fervour_n that_o real_o it_o seem_v to_o we_o the_o time_n be_v come_v wherein_o after_o all_o storm_n and_o tribulation_n be_v blow_v over_o the_o winter_n be_v pass_v away_o and_o the_o spring_n time_n begin_v to_o appear_v bring_v forth_o flower_n worthy_a the_o sight_n of_o that_o celestial_a gardener_n or_o rather_o that_o the_o crop_n be_v now_o ripe_a and_o expect_v a_o happy_a harvest_n the_o father_n be_v animate_v with_o these_o success_n and_o well_o please_v with_o the_o many_o occasion_n which_o continual_o present_v themselves_o be_v not_o spare_v to_o make_v good_a use_n of_o they_o hope_v that_o they_o will_v have_v be_v daily_o increase_v but_o who_o be_v able_a to_o comprehend_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o who_o have_v be_v his_o counsellor_n while_o thing_n stand_v in_o this_o prosperous_a condition_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o the_o sin_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o for_o we_o in_o particular_a or_o because_o the_o lord_n be_v please_v to_o prove_v and_o exercise_v his_o servant_n there_o be_v raise_v in_o nankim_n where_o that_o house_n be_v found_v with_o much_o quiet_a and_o have_v continue_v in_o great_a tranquillity_n than_o the_o rest_n the_o follow_a persecution_n chap._n 8._o a_o fierce_a persecution_n be_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_n in_o nankim_n this_o persecution_n which_o be_v the_o most_o terrible_a of_o all_o we_o have_v yet_o suffer_v begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1615_o upon_o this_o occasion_n which_o i_o shall_v relate_v there_o be_v this_o year_n send_v from_o pekim_n to_o nankim_v a_o mandarine_n call_v qui_fw-la xin_n to_o be_v a_o assistant_n of_o the_o three_o tribunal_n name_v lipu_n which_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o rite_n sect_n stranger_n and_o such_o like_a this_o man_n beside_o that_o he_o be_v extreme_o averse_a both_o to_o our_o holy_a faith_n and_o to_o the_o father_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a very_o
that_o city_n and_o after_o the_o persecution_n begin_v to_o be_v over_o and_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o tempest_n be_v allay_v one_o of_o the_o father_n be_v send_v thither_o in_o disguise_n who_o although_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o lie_v hide_v there_o yet_o do_v he_o much_o assist_v the_o christian_n and_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o old_a one_o convert_v many_o new_a one_o also_o the_o house_n which_o we_o have_v in_o canton_n the_o most_o southerly_a province_n of_o china_n be_v total_o ruin_v for_o although_o at_o the_o beginning_n there_o be_v another_o small_a house_n take_v where_o some_o of_o the_o lay-brother_n shall_v have_v reside_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o father_n in_o their_o passage_n to_o the_o city_n of_o nanhium_n yet_o upon_o better_a consideration_n it_o seem_v good_a to_o they_o to_o take_v it_o whole_o away_o because_o the_o place_n be_v very_o subject_a to_o tempest_n and_o trouble_n the_o father_n who_o have_v his_o residence_n there_o as_o i_o 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magistrate_n wherefore_o for_o diverse_a year_n after_o there_o be_v almost_o every_o year_n some_o particular_a vexation_n and_o the_o christian_n be_v bring_v before_o the_o tribunal_n and_o trouble_v and_o many_o time_n be_v bastinado_v all_o which_o they_o suffer_v with_o great_a constancy_n and_o cheerfulness_n gaudentes_fw-la à _fw-la conspectu_fw-la concilij_fw-la quoniam_fw-la digni_fw-la habiti_fw-la sunt_fw-la pro_fw-la nomine_fw-la jesu_fw-la contumelium_fw-la pati_fw-la neither_o true_o be_v there_o any_o doubt_n but_o as_o the_o lord_n do_v exercise_v this_o church_n of_o nankim_n with_o particular_a tribulation_n so_o he_o do_v also_o endow_v it_o more_o particular_o with_o the_o virtue_n of_o patience_n as_o be_v see_v upon_o all_o occasion_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v our_o ancient_a house_n demolish_v although_o the_o christian_n belong_v to_o they_o be_v preserve_v who_o divide_v themselves_o into_o company_n make_v by_o that_o mean_v several_a co-fraternity_n the_o 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power_n and_o authority_n who_o be_v afterward_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xantum_n he_o assoon_o as_o he_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v against_o the_o father_n immediate_o dispatch_v one_o of_o his_o son_n to_o father_n lazarus_n catanaeus_n who_o live_v in_o hamcheu_o with_o a_o letter_n wherein_o after_o the_o usual_a compliment_n he_o write_v he_o only_o these_o word_n there_o be_v a_o business_n of_o importance_n which_o i_o must_v necessary_o treat_v of_o with_o your_o reverence_n before_o you_o leave_v this_o kingdom_n when_o this_o letter_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o father_n they_o be_v put_v themselves_o in_o be_v dinesse_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o that_o city_n as_o according_o they_o do_v with_o a_o design_n to_o go_v to_o xanhai_n which_o be_v dr._n paul_n country_n but_o have_v receive_v this_o invitation_n that_o they_o may_v give_v satisfaction_n to_o both_o party_n
the_o father_n divide_v themselves_o and_o father_n francis_n sanbiasi_n go_v to_o the_o city_n of_o kiatim_o to_o dr._n ignatius_n who_o by_o that_o time_n the_o father_n arrive_v there_o have_v get_v ready_a the_o lodging_n near_o his_o house_n which_o serve_v he_o for_o a_o place_n of_o study_n and_o stand_v within_o the_o wall_n of_o his_o palace_n be_v very_o convenient_a for_o his_o occasion_n have_v several_a chamber_n and_o a_o chapel_n to_o say_v mass_n in_o and_o be_v provide_v with_o all_o necessary_a furniture_n and_o although_o that_o chapel_n be_v big_a enough_o for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o his_o own_o household_n yet_o nevertheless_o he_o do_v afterward_o build_v in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o fair_a church_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o very_o great_a yet_o be_v of_o perfect_a good_a architecture_n the_o father_n do_v afterward_o draw_v many_o people_n to_o they_o by_o their_o preach_n and_o discourse_n so_o that_o when_o i_o be_v there_o 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sensible_a of_o the_o success_n of_o the_o persecution_n and_o trouble_n by_o which_o four_o father_n of_o the_o two_o court_n be_v bring_v prisoner_n to_o that_o college_n nevertheless_o by_o the_o resentment_n of_o those_o trouble_n their_o desire_n be_v more_o inflame_v to_o enter_v afresh_o upon_o the_o work_n and_o to_o assist_v their_o brethren_n who_o remain_v behind_o expose_v to_o all_o danger_n and_o suffering_n labour_v under_o the_o heavy_a burden_n of_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o gospel_n all_o the_o difficulty_n be_v how_o to_o get_v the_o four_o father_n back_o again_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v so_o well_o know_v there_o and_o be_v particular_o name_v in_o the_o proclamation_n for_o their_o banishment_n it_o be_v judge_v therefore_o more_o fit_a for_o they_o to_o delay_v their_o return_n for_o a_o while_n during_o which_o time_n the_o lord_n be_v please_v to_o take_v to_o himself_o the_o father_n of_o pekim_n namely_o father_n jacobus_n pantoia_n and_o father_n sabatinus_n de_fw-fr ursis_fw-la who_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a labourer_n in_o that_o vine-yard_n be_v call_v first_o of_o all_o to_o receive_v their_o reward_n it_o be_v more_o dangerous_a for_o the_o other_o two_o father_n of_o nankim_n to_o return_v back_o again_o by_o reason_n their_o banishment_n be_v more_o public_a they_o have_v be_v carry_v before_o many_o tribunal_n and_o through_o several_a province_n during_o that_o persecution_n nevertheless_o father_n alvarus_n semedo_n who_o have_v live_v there_o a_o lesser_a time_n and_o consequent_o be_v less_o know_v return_v back_o about_o three_o year_n after_o have_v change_v the_o name_n and_o surname_n which_o he_o use_v in_o that_o country_n and_o about_o two_o year_n after_o that_o father_n vagnone_n do_v the_o like_a who_o be_v there_o live_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o court_n of_o xansi_fw-fr where_o although_o he_o be_v grow_v very_o old_a yet_o be_v he_o as_o painful_a and_o diligent_a as_o any_o young_a man_n whatsoever_o in_o this_o condition_n stand_v the_o state_n of_o christian_a affair_n which_o still_o prosper_v and_o increase_v in_o every_o place_n by_o the_o great_a industry_n and_o caution_n which_o be_v use_v as_o also_o by_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o christian_n of_o quality_n as_o likewise_o of_o some_o gentile_n that_o be_v our_o friend_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o ancient_a church_n be_v confirm_v and_o some_o new_a one_o set_v up_o when_o the_o second_o tempest_n begin_v in_o nankim_n which_o although_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o the_o first_o because_o it_o come_v not_o to_o the_o king_n ear_n you_o be_v it_o full_a of_o trouble_n and_o vexation_n to_o we_o chap._n 11._o of_o the_o second_o persecution_n of_o nankim_n and_o of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o a_o christian_a name_v andrew_n the_o affair_n of_o christianity_n in_o china_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o calm_a and_o prosperous_a condition_n and_o we_o have_v almost_o as_o much_o liberty_n and_o as_o much_o fruit_n of_o our_o endeavour_n as_o we_o can_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v only_o in_o the_o city_n of_o nankim_n which_o be_v much_o distemper_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o former_a persecution_n there_o be_v always_o some_o trouble_n more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o occasion_n happen_v but_o the_o best_a be_v that_o they_o be_v never_o so_o great_a that_o many_o person_n be_v engage_v in_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1622._o in_o the_o province_n of_o xantum_n there_o happen_v a_o rebellion_n by_o a_o certain_a people_n of_o a_o sect_n which_o they_o call_v palien_n kiao_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n these_o assault_v and_o take_v the_o bark_n lade_v with_o victual_n which_o pass_v through_o that_o province_n to_o pekim_n and_o after_o that_o certain_a town_n and_o last_o of_o all_o they_o take_v a_o city_n where_o they_o put_v very_o many_o to_o the_o sword_n this_o news_n present_o alarm_v the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o especial_o the_o court_n whence_o the_o mandarines_n immediate_o dispatch_v order_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o apprehend_n and_o chastise_v all_o people_n of_o this_o sect._n in_o the_o more_o remote_a province_n there_o be_v no_o great_a heed_n take_v to_o this_o proclamation_n but_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankim_n which_o border_v upon_o that_o of_o xantum_n there_o be_v great_a reward_n propose_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v discover_v any_o of_o that_o sect._n it_o happen_v aâ—out_v that_o time_n that_o certain_a sergeant_n do_v molest_v and_o trouble_v a_o neighbour_n of_o a_o certain_a christian_a who_o go_v out_o to_o help_v he_o because_o he_o see_v he_o much_o injure_v without_o any_o pretence_n of_o reason_n for_o it_o draw_v they_o all_o upon_o himself_o who_o follow_v of_o he_o into_o his_o house_n with_o much_o rage_n and_o passion_n &_o find_v there_o a_o
of_o the_o dangerous_a estate_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o christian_n at_o nankim_n father_n rocâ—a_o superior_a of_o the_o mission_n chance_v to_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o hamcheu_o who_o present_o endeavour_v to_o find_v some_o remedy_n for_o it_o by_o speak_v with_o doctor_n michael_n and_o write_v to_o doctor_n paul_n that_o by_o their_o leâ—ters_n they_o will_v persuade_v the_o mandrine_n of_o nankim_n to_o show_v some_o favour_n to_o the_o christian_n which_o according_o they_o do_v with_o much_o zeal_n and_o efficacy_n especial_o doctor_n paul_n who_o observe_v to_o they_o in_o his_o writing_n fourteen_o principal_a point_n wherein_o our_o holy_a law_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o sect_n of_o palien_n kiao_n the_o letter_n have_v not_o that_o effect_n that_o be_v hope_v of_o they_o some_o of_o the_o mandarines_n be_v render_v very_o averse_a to_o they_o by_o the_o power_n and_o persuasion_n of_o xin_n who_o actual_o enjoy_v at_o that_o time_n the_o dignity_n of_o colao_n 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they_o have_v do_v former_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o storm_n have_v only_o raise_v the_o little_a barque_n of_o that_o church_n to_o a_o great_a height_n not_o only_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o baptise_a which_o without_o comparison_n every_o year_n increase_v but_o also_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a they_o enjoy_v and_o the_o liberty_n they_o have_v to_o preach_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o general_a knowledge_n of_o our_o holy_a belief_n disperse_v over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o place_n in_o it_o whither_o either_o by_o book_n write_v upon_o that_o subject_n or_o by_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o christian_n or_o by_o the_o report_n of_o gentile_n themselves_o it_o be_v not_o arrive_v and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o father_n be_v employ_v but_o also_o in_o the_o skirt_n and_o extremity_n thereof_o i_o will_v bring_v some_o example_n which_o 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see_v they_o out_o of_o curiosity_n because_o they_o be_v stranger_n who_o as_o they_o be_v seldom_o admit_v into_o that_o country_n be_v think_v a_o rare_a spectacle_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v some_o christian_n which_o be_v that_o i_o will_v show_v who_o be_v lead_v to_o see_v they_o out_o of_o the_o same_o curiosity_n that_o other_o have_v and_o take_v notice_n that_o they_o carry_v bead_n and_o cross_n about_o they_o and_o that_o they_o use_v to_o say_v over_o their_o bead_n they_o judge_v they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o profession_n as_o themselves_o be_v therefore_o they_o make_v diligent_a enquiry_n about_o it_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o they_o be_v christian_n although_o they_o be_v strict_o forbid_v to_o show_v they_o any_o kindness_n yet_o charity_n which_o be_v always_o ingenious_a find_v a_o way_n for_o they_o to_o help_v they_o and_o to_o
first_o therefore_o the_o prefect_n or_o governor_n war_n do_v abuse_v the_o merchant_n tartar_n of_o niuche_n when_o they_o come_v into_o leaotung_n which_o be_v a_o province_n confine_v next_o to_o they_o then_o again_o when_o the_o king_n of_o niuche_n will_v have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o another_o king_n of_o the_o tartar_n cause_n they_o hinder_v this_o marriage_n by_o represent_v some_o pretend_a reason_n of_o state_n and_o final_o when_o the_o king_n of_o niuche_n suspect_v nothing_o from_o they_o he_o conceive_v his_o friend_n cause_n they_o take_v he_o by_o deceit_n and_o kill_v he_o perfidious_o wherefore_o to_o revenge_v these_o injury_n china_n the_o king_n son_n gather_v a_o strong_a army_n and_o take_v his_o time_n find_v mean_n to_o get_v over_o the_o great_a wall_n i_o mention_v and_o the_o great_a river_n be_v freeze_v he_o present_o set_v upon_o the_o great_a city_n kaiyven_v or_o as_o other_o call_v it_o taxum_fw-la which_o lie_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o tartary_n which_o he_o take_v in_o the_o year_n mdcxvi_o from_o this_o city_n he_o write_v a_o letter_n in_o tartarian_a character_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n china_n which_o though_o write_v in_o barbarian_a character_n yet_o contain_v nothing_o barbarous_a by_o this_o letter_n which_o he_o send_v by_o one_o of_o their_o indian_a priest_n who_o they_o call_v lama_n in_o a_o very_a humble_a and_o submissive_a manner_n he_o declare_v to_o he_o that_o he_o have_v invade_v his_o country_n to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n but_o yet_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o restore_v the_o city_n he_o have_v take_v and_o depose_v his_o arm_n if_o his_o complaint_n may_v be_v hear_v and_o satisfaction_n give_v he_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n call_v vanley_n have_v receive_v this_o letter_n though_o otherwise_o of_o a_o eminent_a wisdom_n and_o of_o as_o great_a experience_n yet_o be_v now_o break_v with_o age_n in_o 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stratagem_n to_o make_v that_o unknown_a instrument_n less_o hurtful_a to_o they_o than_o their_o enemy_n do_v imagine_v for_o the_o tartarian_a king_n command_v such_o as_o make_v the_o first_o onset_n to_o carry_v a_o thick_a hard_a board_n for_o their_o shield_n which_o be_v as_o good_a to_o they_o as_o a_o wooden_a wall_n these_o man_n be_v second_v by_o other_o company_n who_o carry_v ladder_n to_o climb_v up_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o horse_n come_v up_o in_o the_o rear_n in_o this_o manner_n he_o set_v upon_o the_o city_n in_o four_o quarter_n and_o receive_v the_o discharge_n of_o their_o musket_n against_o his_o wooden_a wall_n then_o in_o a_o moment_n the_o scaling-ladder_n be_v apply_v before_o they_o can_v charge_v again_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o wall_n and_o enter_v the_o city_n for_o such_o be_v the_o quickness_n and_o nimbleness_n of_o the_o tartar_n in_o which_o they_o excel_v all_o nation_n and_o in_o which_o also_o they_o place_v their_o chief_a art_n that_o in_o a_o 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surround_v he_o because_o he_o hear_v that_o a_o world_n of_o man_n come_v in_o to_o help_v their_o distress_a prince_n but_o the_o tartar_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o the_o country_n he_o have_v pass_v as_o both_o soldier_n and_o citizen_n quit_v their_o house_n leave_v the_o empty_a wall_n to_o the_o tartarian_n possession_n know_v the_o tartar_n to_o have_v that_o custom_n and_o practice_n to_o destroy_v and_o put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n that_o do_v resist_v to_n and_o only_o pillage_v the_o city_n that_o submit_v leave_v the_o citizen_n alive_a and_o treat_v they_o courteous_o by_o which_o mean_v have_v collect_v a_o world_n of_o riches_n he_o return_v to_o leaotung_v victorious_a and_o because_o his_o soothsayer_n have_v persuade_v he_o that_o the_o stand_n of_o the_o old_a wall_n be_v unfortunate_a he_o beat_v they_o down_o and_o compass_v it_o about_o with_o new_a fortify_v they_o with_o new_a munition_n and_o there_o proclaim_v himself_o emperor_n of_o china_n 1618._o for_o although_o as_o yet_o he_o have_v take_v nothing_o of_o china_n but_o only_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o eastern_a country_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n yet_o in_o his_o hope_n &_o aspire_a thought_n he_o have_v devour_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n wherefore_o he_o be_v call_v in_o the_o china_n language_n theienmingus_fw-la in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v in_o that_o of_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o in_o this_o year_n some_o in_o authority_n about_o the_o emperor_n vanley_n demand_v the_o banishment_n of_o the_o priest_n who_o do_v then_o preach_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o that_o nation_n but_o the_o emperor_n who_o in_o his_o heart_n love_v christanity_n and_o those_o particular_o that_o first_o plant_v that_o religion_n among_o they_o give_v no_o ear_n for_o a_o long_a while_n to_o their_o demand_n but_o at_o length_n overcome_v by_o the_o importunity_n of_o a_o chief_a commander_n who_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o sore_a enemy_n to_o christian_a religion_n and_o be_v call_v xinchio_n it_o be_v ordain_v and_o proclaim_v that_o all_o those_o father_n that_o do_v propagate_v christian_n religion_n shall_v be_v banish_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o which_o some_o of_o they_o be_v secret_o conceal_v in_o several_a province_n by_o some_o christian_a governor_n other_o be_v take_v be_v carry_v in_o great_a cage_n to_o macao_n christian_n wherein_o be_v shut_v up_o day_n and_o night_n they_o suffer_v extreme_o whilst_o other_o also_o be_v whip_v out_o of_o the_o country_n rejoice_v to_o undergo_v something_o for_o his_o sake_n who_o name_n they_o bear_v but_o that_o which_o add_v more_o affliction_n to_o all_o these_o misery_n be_v the_o emperor_n vanley_n prohibition_n to_o all_o his_o to_o profess_v christian_a religion_n but_o upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o christian_n
begin_v to_o recover_v life_n and_o strength_n and_o the_o tartar_n seem_v whole_o restrain_v but_o though_o fortune_n seem_v now_o to_o show_v a_o smile_a face_n for_o china_n yet_o as_o her_o custom_n be_v again_o she_o stand_v not_o long_o constant_a and_o stable_a for_o the_o tartarian_a king_n have_v dispatch_v his_o affair_n in_o tartary_n send_v present_o sixty_o thousand_o horse_n to_o besiege_v leaoyang_n again_o it_o promise_v that_o himself_o in_o person_n will_v follow_v with_o great_a force_n and_o this_o army_n take_v that_o strong_a city_n in_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o hour_n both_o party_n fight_v with_o such_o vigour_n and_o fierceness_n that_o thirty_o thousand_o of_o the_o garrison_n be_v kill_v and_o the_o tartar_n lose_v about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o they_o nay_o the_o chiness_n affirm_v that_o they_o have_v never_o win_v the_o city_n have_v not_o the_o governor_n be_v corrupt_v by_o great_a promise_n of_o reward_n to_o open_v they_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v the_o tartar_n win_v the_o town_n the_o vice_n roy_n hang_v himself_o for_o grief_n the_o king_n visitor_n be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o submit_v himself_o or_o to_o bestow_v the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n upon_o the_o barbarian_a for_o which_o in_o admiration_n and_o reward_n of_o his_o constancy_n and_o fidelity_n he_o obtain_v life_n and_o freedom_n enemy_n but_o know_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o china_n he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n only_o because_o he_o have_v fight_v unfortunate_o more_o cruel_a to_o himself_o than_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n he_o hang_v himself_o the_o tartar_n have_v take_v the_o city_n manner_n proclaim_v by_o edict_n that_o they_o shall_v kill_v none_o if_o they_o will_v cut_v their_o hair_n and_o use_v the_o tartarian_n habit._n for_o the_o tartar_n that_o i_o may_v say_v something_o of_o their_o manner_n as_o my_o subject_n give_v i_o occasion_n do_v shave_v both_o the_o head_n and_o beard_n reserve_v only_o the_o moustache_n which_o they_o extend_v to_o a_o great_a length_n and_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o their_o head_n they_o leave_v a_o tough_a which_o be_v curious_o weave_v and_o plate_a they_o let_v hang_v down_o careless_o below_o their_o shoulder_n they_o have_v a_o round_a and_o low_a cap_n which_o be_v always_o garnish_v round_o with_o some_o precious_a skin_n three_o finger_n broad_a of_o castâ—r_n or_o zibellin_n &_o serve_v to_o defend_v their_o temple_n ear_n and_o forehead_n from_o cold_n &_o other_o tempest_n that_o which_o appear_v above_o the_o skin_n be_v cover_v over_o either_o with_o curious_a red_a silk_n or_o else_o with_o black_a and_o purple_a horsehair_n which_o they_o die_v and_o dress_v most_o curious_o so_o as_o their_o appurtenance_n be_v decent_o join_v together_o make_v the_o cap_n both_o commodious_a and_o handsome_a their_o garment_n be_v long_a robe_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o very_a foot_n but_o their_o sleeve_n be_v not_o so_o wide_a and_o large_a as_o the_o chineses_n use_n but_o rather_o such_o as_o be_v use_v in_o polony_n &_o hungary_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o fashion_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o sleeve_n ever_o like_o a_o horse_n his_o hoof._n at_o their_o girdle_n there_o hang_v on_o either_o side_n two_o handkerchief_n to_o wipe_v their_o face_n and_o hand_n beside_o there_o hang_v a_o knife_n for_o all_o necessary_a use_n with_o two_o purse_n in_o which_o they_o carry_v tobacco_n or_o such_o like_a commodity_n on_o their_o left_a side_n they_o hang_v their_o scymiter_n but_o so_o as_o the_o point_n go_v before_o and_o the_o handle_v behind_o and_o therefore_o when_o they_o fight_v they_o draw_v it_o out_o with_o the_o right_a hand_n behind_o they_o without_o hold_v the_o scabbard_n with_o the_o other_o they_o seldom_o wear_v shoe_n and_o use_v no_o spur_n to_o their_o boot_n which_o they_o make_v either_o of_o silk_n or_o of_o horse-skin_n very_o neat_o dress_v but_o they_o often_o use_v fair_a patten_n which_o they_o make_v three_o finger_n high_a in_o ride_v they_o use_v stirrup_n their_o trappings_o be_v both_o low_a and_o broad_a than_o we_o their_o face_n be_v comely_a and_o common_o broad_a as_o those_o of_o china_n also_o have_v their_o colour_n be_v white_a but_o their_o nose_n be_v not_o so_o flat_a nor_o their_o eye_n so_o little_a as_o the_o chineses_n be_v they_o speak_v little_a and_o ride_v pensive_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o manner_n they_o resemble_v our_o tartar_n of_o europe_n though_o they_o be_v nothing_o so_o barbarous_a they_o rejoice_v to_o see_v stranger_n they_o no_o way_n like_o the_o grimness_n and_o soureness_n of_o the_o chinesse_n gravity_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o first_o abord_n they_o appear_v more_o humane_a have_v thus_o brief_o describe_v their_o manner_n we_o resume_v our_o former_a discourse_n and_o return_v to_o the_o victorious_a tartar_n in_o the_o city_n they_o have_v take_v in_o which_o find_v many_o rich_a and_o wealthy_a merchant_n of_o other_o province_n they_o publish_v a_o licence_n that_o they_o may_v depart_v with_o their_o good_n and_o withal_o command_v they_o speedy_o to_o void_a the_o city_n perfidiousness_n who_o present_o obey_v the_o order_n carried_z away_o all_o their_o good_n and_o riches_n little_o suspect_v the_o perfidious_a treachery_n of_o the_o tartar_n for_o they_o have_v not_o go_v three_o mile_n from_o the_o town_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o tartar_n they_o be_v plunder_v of_o their_o good_n and_o lose_v all_o their_o life_n which_o be_v do_v they_o return_v into_o the_o fearful_a city_n lade_v with_o riches_n the_o citizen_n tremble_v lest_o they_o may_v happy_o experience_v the_o like_a perfidiousness_n but_o the_o tartar_n consider_v at_o how_o dear_a a_o rate_n he_o have_v buy_v the_o master_v of_o that_o city_n and_o fear_v also_o to_o find_v the_o like_a provision_n and_o preparation_n in_o other_o city_n they_o dare_v not_o make_v any_o further_a attempt_n for_o they_o know_v well_o that_o the_o emperor_n have_v not_o only_o fortify_v all_o the_o ancient_a place_n but_o erect_v also_o new_a munition_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o many_o hard_a and_o rude_a passage_n and_o among_o all_o other_o strong_a hold_v that_o of_o xanghai_n situate_v in_o the_o island_n of_o cuckoe_n be_v most_o eminent_a contain_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n in_o the_o garrison_n to_o resist_v the_o further_a progress_n of_o the_o tartarian_a force_n but_o that_o which_o most_o of_o all_o repress_v the_o tartar_n be_v the_o great_a valour_n of_o the_o incomparable_a commander_n maovenlungus_n who_o have_v with_o his_o great_a fleet_n take_v a_o island_n near_o corea_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n yalo_n vex_v much_o their_o army_n in_o the_o rear_n china_n and_o be_v victorious_a in_o several_a skirmish_n against_o they_o so_o that_o the_o tartar_n bend_v all_o their_o care_n and_o thought_n against_o this_o their_o enemy_n this_o renown_a person_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o evangtung_n where_o be_v near_o the_o portugese_n of_o macao_n he_o have_v much_o perfect_v himself_o in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n and_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o many_o great_a piece_n of_o artillery_n which_o he_o have_v recover_v from_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o a_o holland_n ship_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o that_o territory_n and_o because_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n have_v declare_v the_o city_n of_o ninguyven_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o place_n of_o leaoyang_n where_o also_o he_o have_v place_v a_o new_a viceroy_n and_o his_o royal_a visitor_n therefore_o maovenlungus_n place_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o artillery_n upon_o the_o wall_n of_o this_o city_n the_o tartar_n therefore_o act_v nothing_o till_o the_o year_n 1625._o and_o because_o they_o resolve_v to_o besiege_v the_o new_a metropolitan_a city_n of_o ninguyune_n they_o first_o purpose_v to_o try_v maovenlungus_n his_o fidelity_n china_n offer_v he_o half_o of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n if_o he_o will_v help_v they_o to_o gain_v it_o but_o that_o noble_a soul_n of_o he_o prove_v as_o faithful_a as_o valiant_a by_o reject_v those_o demand_n with_o indignation_n and_o come_v present_o with_o his_o force_n to_o succour_v the_o city_n ninguyven_v which_o they_o besiege_v by_o which_o mean_n tartar_n the_o tartar_n have_v lose_v ten_o thousand_o man_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o king_n of_o tartary_n own_o son_n be_v kill_v wherefore_o be_v furious_a with_o anger_n they_o pass_v the_o freeze_a sea_n and_o invade_v the_o island_n thaoyven_v where_o they_o kill_v ten_o thousand_o that_o keep_v garrison_n there_o together_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o by_o this_o one_o aâ—t_n cruelty_n have_v revenge_v their_o former_a discomfiture_n they_o return_v into_o tartary_n not_o with_o a_o resolution_n to_o sit_v
persuade_v he_o to_o leave_v the_o imperial_a city_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o he_o protest_v he_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o quit_v the_o northern_a quarter_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o he_o forbid_v any_o to_o depart_v the_o court_n or_o town_n besiege_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tartar_n make_v many_o fierce_a assault_n and_o as_o often_o be_v valiant_o beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o carnage_n yvenus_n be_v call_v to_o resist_v the_o tartar_n for_o as_o yet_o his_o traitorous_a comploâ—s_n be_v not_o discover_v and_o lest_o he_o shall_v discover_v his_o treason_n he_o come_v with_o his_o army_n near_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v of_o a_o vast_a extent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a partition_n between_o the_o two_o army_n from_o which_o both_o the_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n force_n be_v perfect_o discern_v but_o though_o yvenus_n be_v under_o the_o emperor_n eye_n yet_o he_o act_v little_a for_o his_o only_a aim_n be_v to_o return_v home_o lade_v with_o riches_n he_o never_o desist_v to_o persuade_v the_o emperor_n to_o admit_v his_o condition_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n find_v he_o evident_o to_o be_v a_o traitor_n disclose_v his_o intention_n to_o none_o of_o his_o council_n nor_o governor_n send_v to_o invite_v he_o to_o a_o private_a council_n of_o war_n give_v also_o order_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n over_o the_o wall_n lest_o if_o any_o gate_n shall_v be_v open_a the_o tartar_n be_v so_o near_o may_v press_v in_o upon_o they_o but_o indeed_o he_o order_v the_o business_n in_o this_o manner_n lest_o he_o shall_v bring_v his_o army_n into_o the_o city_n with_o he_o yvenus_n therefore_o know_v he_o have_v many_o chief_a man_n about_o the_o emperor_n person_n who_o be_v both_o his_o favourity_n and_o friend_n and_o that_o none_o of_o they_o give_v he_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o any_o distaste_n that_o the_o emperor_n may_v conceive_v against_o he_o kill_v bold_o and_o secure_o present_v himself_o at_o court_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o appear_v he_o be_v present_o arrest_v and_o after_o some_o few_o question_n the_o emperor_n command_v he_o to_o be_v kill_v the_o tartar_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n before_o the_o china_n army_n have_v a_o new_a general_n assign_v raise_v the_o siege_n depart_v ransack_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o and_o after_o they_o have_v make_v excursion_n to_o the_o next_o border_v province_n of_o xantung_n rich_o lade_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o spoil_n return_v to_o their_o first_o residence_n in_o leaotung_n from_o these_o time_n till_o the_o year_n 1636._o the_o event_n of_o their_o war_n be_v very_o various_a succeed_v but_o in_o general_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o tartar_n can_v never_o fix_v a_o foot_n in_o china_n but_o they_o be_v present_o beat_v out_o again_o in_o this_o same_o year_n thienzungus_n king_n of_o the_o tartar_n die_v after_o who_o succeed_v his_o son_n zungteus_n father_n to_o he_o that_o now_o govern_v china_n of_o who_o we_o now_o must_v begin_v to_o treat_v this_o prince_n before_o his_o reign_n express_v much_o judgement_n in_o several_a occurrence_n mild_a surpass_v all_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n in_o humanity_n and_o oblige_a courtesy_n for_o when_o he_o be_v young_a he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o china_n where_o he_o live_v secret_o and_o learn_v the_o china_n manner_n doctrine_n and_o language_n and_o now_o come_v to_o the_o kingdom_n he_o change_v and_o far_o surpass_v all_o the_o example_n of_o his_o predecessor_n for_o have_v observe_v that_o their_o too_o hard_a and_o cruel_a usage_n of_o the_o chiness_n have_v be_v the_o principal_a obstacle_n of_o their_o advancement_n nation_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v conquer_v that_o empire_n he_o so_o much_o thirst_v after_o as_o well_o by_o love_n as_o by_o arm_n he_o courteous_o entertain_v and_o cherish_v all_o those_o of_o china_n which_o come_v unto_o he_o use_v all_o prisoner_n with_o great_a sweetness_n and_o invite_v they_o either_o to_o submit_v free_o to_o his_o government_n or_o take_v their_o course_n with_o full_a freedom_n the_o fame_n of_o his_o humanity_n be_v spread_v far_o and_o near_o which_o induce_v many_o commander_n and_o chief_a officer_n to_o fly_v unto_o he_o by_o who_o mean_n and_o help_n at_o length_n he_o become_v emperor_n of_o that_o spacious_a and_o flourish_a country_n for_o experience_n show_v we_o that_o love_n and_o humanity_n do_v work_v more_o upon_o man_n heart_n in_o conquer_a and_o conserve_n kingdom_n than_o arm_n and_o cruelty_n of_o the_o conqueror_n have_v lose_v that_o which_o strength_n of_o arm_n have_v happy_o subdue_v wherefore_o when_o the_o chiness_n come_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n do_v not_o only_o afford_v they_o a_o refuge_n but_o friendship_n many_o great_a person_n fly_v the_o indignation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n shelter_v themselves_o under_o the_o tartar_n protection_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o china_n great_a avarice_n and_o perfidiousness_n chinese_n it_o be_v a_o necessary_a though_o most_o inhuman_a maxim_n that_o those_o officer_n perish_v who_o have_v manage_v the_o kingdom_n affair_n with_o less_o success_n for_o they_o easy_o be_v bring_v to_o believe_v that_o such_o unhappy_a event_n do_v not_o proceed_v so_o much_o from_o the_o frown_n of_o inconstant_a fortune_n as_o it_o do_v from_o the_o perfidy_n or_o negligence_n of_o the_o commander_n so_o as_o if_o any_o fight_v unhappy_o or_o if_o he_o lose_v the_o country_n commit_v to_o his_o charge_n if_o any_o sedition_n or_o rebellion_n happen_v the_o governor_n hardly_o ever_o escape_v alive_a see_v therefore_o they_o find_v so_o much_o humanity_n in_o the_o tartar_n and_o so_o much_o inhumanity_n in_o the_o emperor_n they_o rather_o choose_v to_o fly_v to_o the_o former_a by_o this_o occasion_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o relate_v what_o happen_v to_o that_o incomparable_a commander_n renown_v both_o for_o fidelity_n and_o fortitude_n call_v kill_v ignatius_n this_o heroic_a mind_n prefer_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o prince_n before_o his_o life_n before_o the_o tartarian_n protection_n yea_o even_o before_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o formidable_a army_n and_o choose_v rather_o with_o his_o unparalleled_a fidelity_n to_o submit_v his_o head_n to_o a_o block_n by_o a_o unjust_a sentence_n than_o to_o abandon_v his_o country_n or_o once_o commit_v the_o least_o fault_n against_o his_o sovereign_n though_o guilty_a of_o much_o injustice_n towards_o he_o fidelity_n he_o may_v perchance_o have_v sway_v the_o sovereign_a sceptre_n of_o china_n if_o he_o will_v have_v hearken_v to_o his_o soldier_n but_o he_o rather_o choose_v to_o die_v glorious_o than_o to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o traitor_n after_o this_o man_n therefore_o have_v gain_v several_a victory_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o recover_v many_o city_n from_o their_o possession_n so_o as_o he_o hope_v short_o whole_o to_o extirpate_v they_o out_o of_o china_n his_o soldier_n be_v long_o without_o pay_n seditious_o plunder_v and_o pillage_v a_o town_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o king_n ignatius_n by_o several_a petition_n and_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o emperor_n have_v declare_v his_o want_n of_o money_n and_o their_o want_n of_o pay_n but_o because_o he_o feed_v not_o those_o venal_a soul_n that_o manage_v the_o business_n for_o money_n and_o present_n piety_n they_o always_o suppress_v his_o humble_a address_n for_o relief_n beside_o this_o man_n be_v a_o very_a pious_a christian_a he_o do_v nothing_o in_o his_o government_n but_o what_o be_v conform_v to_o reason_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n he_o incur_v the_o hatred_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a prefectâ—_n who_o usual_o receive_v bribe_n from_o the_o contest_a party_n demand_v favour_n of_o ignatius_n for_o their_o client_n but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o intercede_v for_o any_o unless_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o cause_n do_v also_o balance_v their_o petition_n and_o these_o man_n attribute_v this_o proceed_n not_o to_o virtue_n but_o to_o his_o pride_n think_v themselves_o undervalue_v by_o he_o deal_v underhand_o with_o the_o prefect_n in_o the_o court_n to_o stop_v the_o army_n pay_v that_o so_o they_o may_v destroy_v this_o innocent_a man_n moreover_o he_o be_v envy_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o the_o very_a court_n because_o he_o come_v to_o this_o eminent_a dignity_n by_o his_o own_o valour_n and_o industry_n which_o they_o imagine_v be_v only_o to_o be_v give_v to_o doctor_n and_o ignatius_n be_v but_o a_o licenciat_n as_o if_o the_o most_o learned_a must_v needs_o be_v also_o the_o most_o valorous_a in_o this_o conjuncture_n of_o affair_n the_o soldier_n not_o content_v with_o the_o seditious_a pillage_n see_v the_o most_o imminent_a danger_n hang_v over_o their_o most_o
esteem_a and_o belove_a governor_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o folly_n go_v about_o to_o persuade_v he_o to_o make_v himself_o king_n of_o that_o province_n nay_o more_o to_o take_v the_o whole_a empire_n to_o himself_o as_o a_o thing_n due_a to_o his_o prowess_n and_o merit_n promise_v their_o whole_a strength_n to_o effect_v the_o business_n and_o also_o to_o extirpate_v those_o man_n about_o the_o emperor_n that_o aim_v more_o to_o compass_v their_o malicious_a end_n than_o to_o promote_v the_o general_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o ignatius_n by_o pious_a admonition_n stave_v they_o off_o from_o further_a violence_n make_v they_o obedient_a and_o quiet_a command_v all_o to_o stand_v faithful_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o punish_v the_o chief_a of_o that_o sedition_n this_o supreme_a act_n of_o fidelity_n deserve_v a_o better_a esteem_n and_o acceptance_n than_o thâ—t_n which_o be_v return_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o court_n who_o slight_v this_o his_o allegiance_n send_v another_o viceroy_n in_o his_o place_n and_o command_v he_o to_o appear_v in_o court_n he_o than_o perceive_v they_o aim_v at_o his_o life_n and_o the_o soldier_n suspect_v the_o business_n and_o therefore_o mad_a with_o anger_n they_o all_o joint_o rise_v in_o arm_n for_o he_o swear_v they_o will_v live_v and_o die_v with_o he_o and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o present_v himself_o at_o court._n it_o be_v our_o duty_n say_v they_o to_o conserve_v thy_o life_n which_o have_v be_v so_o careful_a of_o we_o and_o we_o have_v strength_n and_o courage_n enough_o to_o resist_v all_o the_o force_n of_o thy_o perfidious_a enemy_n but_o ignatius_n be_v deaf_a to_o all_o these_o allurement_n tartar_n and_o study_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o sweeten_v their_o exulcerate_v mind_n always_o inculcate_v to_o they_o to_o die_v true_a and_o loyal_a to_o their_o sovereign_n service_n choose_v rather_o to_o water_v that_o ungrateful_a soil_n of_o his_o native_a country_n with_o the_o stream_n of_o his_o blood_n than_o either_o to_o spill_v his_o enemy_n blood_n by_o the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o his_o soldier_n or_o to_o retire_v to_o the_o tartarian_a king_n which_o offer_v he_o so_o fair_a preferment_n but_o many_o of_o his_o captain_n fall_v off_o to_o the_o tartar_n follow_v in_o this_o not_o his_o example_n but_o that_o of_o many_o other_o who_o they_o see_v eminent_o promote_v among_o the_o tartar_n some_o of_o those_o that_o then_o flee_v from_o the_o emperor_n be_v now_o chief_a commander_n under_o the_o tartarian_a king_n in_o their_o china_n empire_n some_o also_o have_v obtain_v the_o dignity_n of_o prince_n or_o royolet_n in_o several_a country_n for_o the_o reward_n of_o their_o valour_n and_o faithful_a service_n against_o china_n so_o much_o more_o pierce_a be_v that_o wedge_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o wood_n but_o although_o hitherto_o these_o tartarian_a war_n have_v cause_v great_a trouble_n &_o tempest_n in_o the_o china_n empire_n yet_o all_o thing_n now_o seem_v so_o calm_v and_o pacify_v as_o they_o seem_v secure_a from_o any_o further_a danger_n for_o the_o western_a part_n of_o leaotung_n be_v strong_o fortify_v and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a army_n in_o the_o island_n of_o cuckoe_n and_o the_o border_a quarter_n which_o hinder_v the_o tartar_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o country_n overthrow_n which_o they_o possess_v from_o further_a passage_n but_o now_o the_o chief_a danger_n be_v from_o the_o traitor_n and_o thief_n which_o be_v in_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o country_n who_o final_o destroy_v it_o and_o give_v it_o up_o in_o prey_n to_o the_o tartar_n i_o touch_v something_o of_o their_o commotion_n before_o now_o we_o must_v treat_v a_o little_a more_o large_o of_o their_o proceed_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v how_o the_o tartar_n come_v to_o subdue_v and_o conquer_v china_n the_o first_o combination_n of_o these_o rover_n appear_v in_o the_o remote_a country_n of_o suchuen_n thief_n who_o have_v pillage_v divers_a city_n and_o embolden_v by_o prosperous_a success_n venture_v to_o besiege_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o that_o country_n call_v cingtu_fw-la which_o they_o have_v infallible_o take_v if_o that_o valiant_a amazon_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o vanquish_v have_v not_o come_v to_o relieve_v it_o with_o her_o army_n but_o by_o her_o valour_n they_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o not_o be_v whole_o extinguish_v they_o retire_v into_o the_o mountain_n to_o recruit_v their_o force_n these_o be_v second_v by_o a_o like_a race_n of_o people_n in_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o who_o take_v occasion_n of_o rise_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o unjust_a sentence_n pass_v in_o a_o sure_a betwixt_o two_o grandee_n of_o that_o country_n he_o who_o lose_v the_o cause_n be_v offend_v with_o the_o governor_n these_o rove_a companion_n first_o kill_v all_o the_o magistrate_n which_o have_v pronounce_v that_o unjust_a sentence_n and_o then_o they_o defeat_v the_o viceroy_n his_o army_n thief_n yet_o afterward_o he_o rout_v they_o with_o a_o new_a army_n but_o can_v not_o extinguish_v they_o beside_o these_o the_o famine_n increase_v in_o the_o northern_a quarter_n in_o the_o country_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o xantung_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a inundation_n of_o locust_n which_o devour_v all_o there_o rise_v up_o by_o this_o occasion_n many_o loose_a fellow_n which_o live_v by_o rapin._n these_o man_n at_o first_o be_v few_o in_o number_n and_o small_a in_o strength_n and_o after_o only_o prey_v in_o little_a place_n present_o flee_v to_o the_o mountain_n but_o find_v they_o get_v both_o meat_n and_o riches_n with_o little_a labour_n and_o less_o cost_n they_o quick_o get_v companion_n to_o reinforce_v they_o this_o sedition_n be_v also_o much_o augment_v by_o the_o emperor_n zungchinius_n his_o notable_a avarice_n avarice_n who_o so_o exhaust_v the_o people_n by_o impost_n and_o tax_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o year_n of_o the_o golden_a age._n the_o prefect_n of_o the_o province_n not_o be_v able_a present_o to_o repress_v the_o insolency_n of_o those_o people_n they_o daily_o increaf_v in_o courage_n and_o strength_n insomuch_o as_o in_o several_a country_n they_o have_v eight_o very_a considerable_a army_n they_o choose_v the_o strong_a &_o valiant_a man_n among_o they_o for_o their_o commander_n and_o these_o person_n be_v grow_v rich_a and_o potent_a by_o prey_v depose_v now_o the_o person_n of_o ringleader_n of_o thief_n and_o aspire_v to_o no_o less_o than_o to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n empire_n and_o at_o first_o they_o fight_v one_o against_o another_o every_o one_o pillage_n another_o of_o what_o he_o can_v but_o at_o length_n thing_n be_v bring_v to_o that_o pass_n that_o two_o of_o the_o commander_n be_v only_o leave_v alive_a these_o two_o prevail_v with_o the_o soldier_n of_o those_o that_o be_v kill_v to_o follow_v their_o ensign_n and_o fortune_n and_o they_o know_v well_o that_o if_o they_o be_v take_v by_o the_o emperor_n officer_n they_o can_v not_o escape_v a_o most_o certain_a death_n easy_o resolve_v to_o shelter_v themselves_o under_o the_o arm_n of_o these_o two_o victorious_a person_n felon_n the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o these_o chief_a brigand_n be_v lacungzus_fw-la the_o second_o be_v call_v changhienchungus_n two_o notorious_a bold_a roguish_a fellow_n who_o lest_o they_o shall_v destroy_v one_o another_o fortune_n by_o their_o ambitious_a emulation_n separate_v themselves_o far_o from_o one_o another_o resolve_v both_o to_o pursue_v their_o prosperous_a fortune_n licungzus_n therefore_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o honan_n and_o the_o other_o tyrannize_v over_o the_o country_n of_o suchuen_n and_o huquang_n but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o interrupt_v our_o discourse_n by_o deliver_v the_o act_n of_o both_o these_o together_o we_o will_v first_o treat_v of_o licungzus_n his_o feat_n be_v he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o tartar_n come_v to_o the_o empire_n which_o he_o himself_o may_v have_v possess_v if_o his_o proceed_n have_v be_v moderate_a and_o humane_a and_o of_o the_o other_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o therefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1641._o these_o pilferer_n have_v get_v immense_a riches_n in_o the_o province_n xensi_fw-la make_v a_o irruption_n in_o a_o vast_a body_n into_o that_o delicious_a sweet_a province_n of_o honan_n province_n and_o go_v straight_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n call_v caifung_a which_o they_o besiege_v there_o be_v in_o that_o place_n a_o very_a great_a and_o strong_a garrison_n who_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o artillery_n mount_v upon_o hand-wheeling_a car_n force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o siege_n then_o they_o fall_v upon_o all_o the_o neighbour_a city_n plunder_v spoil_v and_o burn_v all_o they_o can_v master_v have_v hoard_a up_o store_n of_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o augment_v their_o army_n by_o a_o company_n of_o
rascally_a vagabond_n and_o loiter_a fellow_n they_o return_v again_o to_o besiege_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n caifung_a but_o despair_v to_o take_v it_o by_o force_n or_o assault_n they_o resolve_v to_o ruin_v it_o by_o a_o long_a siege_n that_o they_o may_v enjoy_v the_o immense_a riches_n of_o that_o noble_a city_n and_o though_o this_o town_n be_v three_o great_a league_n in_o circumference_n yet_o they_o round_v it_o so_o by_o their_o line_n as_o nothing_o can_v enter_v the_o city_n this_o drive_v they_o to_o some_o strait_n for_o although_o the_o purveyor_n for_o victual_n have_v bring_v in_o good_a store_n of_o provision_n in_o the_o two_o month_n space_n in_o which_o they_o be_v absent_a yet_o because_o that_o province_n which_o use_v to_o be_v most_o plentiful_a be_v now_o deficient_a in_o corn_n they_o can_v not_o make_v sufficient_a provision_n for_o six_o month_n siege_n for_o such_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n as_o be_v retire_v within_o the_o wall_n yet_o it_o hold_v out_o most_o resolute_o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n in_o which_o time_n though_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o hard_a shift_n yet_o hope_v always_o for_o succour_n from_o their_o emperor_n they_o will_v never_o submit_v to_o any_o condition_n i_o dare_v not_o relate_v to_o what_o a_o excess_n this_o famine_n come_v to_o but_o it_o seem_v it_o surpass_v the_o famine_n of_o jerusalem_n a_o pound_n of_o rice_n be_v worth_a a_o pound_n of_o silver_n famin._n and_o a_o pound_n of_o any_o old_a rot_a skin_n be_v sell_v at_o ten_o crown_n dead_a man_n flesh_n be_v sell_v public_o in_o the_o shambles_n as_o hog_n flesh_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v a_o act_n of_o piety_n to_o expose_v the_o dead_a in_o the_o street_n for_o other_o to_o feed_v on_o who_o short_o be_v to_o be_v food_n for_o other_o but_o i_o will_v pass_v over_o and_o conceal_v yet_o more_o horrible_a thing_n than_o i_o have_v relate_v this_o city_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n side_n of_o that_o vast_a and_o precipitate_a river_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hoang_n because_o the_o stream_n always_o appear_v of_o a_o yellowish_a saffron_n colour_n and_o because_o the_o river_n be_v high_a than_o the_o plain_a level_n down_n of_o a_o league_n distance_n from_o the_o town_n they_o build_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n a_o long_a and_o strong_a bulwark_n of_o great_a square_a stone_n to_o prevent_v all_o inundation_n the_o emperor_n army_n after_o long_a expectation_n come_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o these_o bulwark_n and_o have_v consider_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n and_o enemy_n camp_n it_o be_v think_v the_o fit_a &_o easy_a way_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n without_o give_v battle_n and_o to_o let_v in_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o enemy_n army_n by_o some_o breach_n make_v in_o that_o long_a wall_n or_o bulwark_n it_o be_v in_o autumn_n when_o they_o take_v this_o resolution_n and_o the_o river_n by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a rain_n be_v swell_v big_a than_o ever_o before_o and_o they_o make_v the_o sluice_n or_o inlet_n too_o great_a and_o the_o breach_n too_o wide_o give_v way_n to_o such_o a_o ocean_n of_o water_n as_o it_o overrun_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v very_o stately_a and_o high_a involve_v not_o only_a many_o of_o the_o enemy_n in_o its_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n drown_v but_o also_o 300000._o man_n and_o the_o city_n itself_o perish_v in_o those_o flood_n of_o water_n so_o the_o ancient_a city_n which_o heretofore_o have_v be_v honour_v by_o the_o emperor_n residence_n appear_v no_o more_o a_o place_n of_o pleasure_n but_o a_o vast_a pool_n or_o lake_n for_o monster_n of_o the_o water_n to_o inhabit_v for_o the_o house_n of_o the_o town_n be_v not_o overrun_v with_o water_n but_o also_o beat_v down_o and_o also_o the_o church_n of_o the_o christian_n together_o with_o their_o priest_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n who_o when_o he_o can_v timely_o enough_o have_v save_v himself_o choose_v rather_o to_o laydown_o his_o life_n for_o the_o sheep_n for_o that_o city_n have_v many_o christian_n the_o destruction_n of_o this_o city_n happen_v the_o nine_o of_o oct._n 1642._o about_o which_o time_n this_o famous_a conductour_n of_o thief_n take_v the_o name_n of_o king_n king_n with_o a_o addition_n of_o xunvang_n which_o sound_v as_o much_o as_o prosperous_a and_o so_o be_v style_v licungzus_n the_o prosperous_a and_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n take_v all_o the_o country_n of_o honan_n into_o his_o dominion_n he_o return_v into_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o win_v it_o whole_o to_o his_o subjection_n when_o he_o come_v to_o sigan_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o xensi_fw-la he_o find_v some_o resistance_n from_o the_o garrison_n but_o yet_o he_o take_v it_o in_o three_o day_n and_o for_o a_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n to_o his_o soldier_n he_o give_v it_o to_o they_o to_o pillage_n also_o for_o three_o day_n space_n and_o then_o he_o gather_v up_o all_o the_o corn_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n as_o well_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o country_n in_o their_o duty_n to_o he_o as_o also_o to_o leave_v no_o provision_n for_o the_o emperor_n army_n and_o now_o think_v himself_o secure_a of_o the_o whole_a empire_n he_o take_v the_o name_n of_o emperor_n upon_o he_o emperor_n and_o style_v the_o family_n wherein_o he_o think_v to_o establish_v this_o dignity_n thienxunam_fw-la as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v obedient_a to_o heaven_n by_o which_o title_n he_o persuade_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o people_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o he_o shall_v reign_v that_o he_o may_v deliver_v the_o people_n from_o the_o emperor_n avarice_n and_o extirpate_v those_o wicked_a governor_n that_o so_o much_o vex_v the_o nation_n &_o deliver_v they_o from_o all_o their_o perfidious_a plot_n for_o he_o know_v well_o that_o this_o glorious_a title_n will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a to_o they_o 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heaven_n and_o earth_n to_o hinder_v his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o see_v he_o can_v not_o effect_v that_o at_o least_o he_o maintain_v a_o seditious_a faction_n against_o the_o great_a one_o which_o final_o prove_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o these_o man_n band_v in_o two_o faction_n study_v more_o how_o to_o destroy_v one_o another_o than_o to_o advance_v the_o public_a good_a yet_o both_o party_n pretend_v the_o general_a benefit_n but_o both_o neglect_v it_o every_o party_n endeavour_v to_o extol_v and_o exalt_v his_o own_o creature_n into_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o power_n all_o which_o when_o zunchinius_n the_o emperor_n go_v about_o to_o redress_v he_o exasperate_v the_o mind_n of_o many_o of_o the_o commander_n against_o he_o for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n he_o cruel_o persecute_v all_o that_o favour_v the_o eunuch_n and_o in_o fine_a kill_v this_o very_a eunuch_n which_o have_v be_v he_o predecessor_n favourite_n together_o with_o many_o more_o of_o his_o party_n of_o which_o tragedy_n i_o will_v only_o relate_v the_o catastrophe_n the_o emperor_n zungchinius_n resolve_v to_o destroy_v both_o the_o eunuch_n &_o all_o his_o power_n send_v he_o a_o order_n to_o go_v visit_v the_o tomb_n of_o his_o ancestor_n to_o consider_v if_o any_o of_o those_o ancient_a monument_n want_v reparation_n the_o eunuch_n can_v not_o refuse_v so_o honourable_a a_o employment_n which_o seem_v rather_o a_o addition_n to_o his_o former_a hounour_n but_o he_o have_v not_o go_v far_o upon_o his_o journey_n but_o there_o be_v present_v to_o he_o from_o the_o emperor_n a_o box_n of_o silver_n gilt_n with_o a_o halter_n of_o silk_n fold_v up_o in_o it_o by_o which_o he_o understand_v he_o be_v to_o hang_v himself_o by_o the_o emperor_n order_n which_o he_o can_v not_o refuse_v be_v that_o kind_n of_o death_n among_o the_o chinese_n be_v count_v honourable_a when_o it_o be_v accompany_v with_o such_o formality_n but_o by_o this_o occasion_n the_o emperor_n raise_v against_o himself_o new_a faction_n and_o more_o traitor_n which_o hold_v secret_a correspondence_n with_o the_o thief_n army_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o no_o army_n be_v send_v to_o oppose_v they_o or_o if_o any_o go_v they_o do_v no_o manner_n of_o action_n be_v always_o hinder_v by_o the_o emulation_n of_o other_o nay_o it_o happen_v often_o that_o when_o they_o may_v have_v take_v great_a advantage_n yet_o the_o occasion_n be_v neglect_v lest_o the_o commander_n shall_v increase_v other_o man_n power_n and_o credit_n by_o their_o victory_n with_o the_o emperor_n these_o dissension_n and_o emulation_n happen_v so_o seasonable_o to_o the_o rove_a army_n of_o thief_n as_o that_o to_o come_v to_o see_v and_o conquer_v be_v to_o they_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n as_o i_o shall_v declare_v unto_o you_o while_o these_o transaction_n pass_v in_o the_o court_n xensi_fw-la licungzus_n conductor_n of_o the_o thief_n have_v settle_v 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have_v be_v purge_v of_o traitor_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o thief_n conductor_n thief_n who_o be_v no_o less_o quick_a and_o nimble_a in_o execution_n than_o witty_a in_o invention_n sow_v a_o fox_n his_o tail_n to_o the_o lion_n skin_n cause_v many_o of_o his_o soldier_n in_o a_o disguise_a habit_n to_o creep_v into_o that_o princely_a city_n and_o give_v they_o money_n to_o trade_n in_o trifle_a ware_n till_o he_o assault_v the_o wall_n with_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n for_o than_o they_o have_v order_n to_o raise_v sedition_n and_o tumult_n in_o the_o city_n and_o consider_v they_o be_v a_o company_n of_o desperate_a fellow_n and_o of_o a_o very_a low_a and_o base_a fortune_n it_o be_v stupendous_a to_o think_v how_o they_o can_v keep_v so_o profound_a secrecy_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o so_o high_a concernment_n but_o to_o this_o i_o which_o be_v prepare_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o city_n he_o hold_v a_o secret_a train_n of_o intelligence_n with_o the_o lieutenant_n 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the_o thief_n which_o lie_v lurk_v in_o the_o city_n make_v such_o a_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n as_o none_o know_v who_o to_o oppose_v in_o which_o respect_n they_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n so_o as_o licâ—ngzus_n in_o this_o babylonian_a confusion_n march_v victorious_a through_o the_o city_n till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o very_a emperor_n palace_n where_o though_o he_o find_v some_o resistance_n from_o the_o faithful_a eunuch_n yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o present_o enter_v that_o famous_a and_o renown_a palace_n and_o that_o which_o exceed_v all_o admiration_n the_o enemy_n have_v pass_v the_o first_o wall_n and_o precinct_n and_o yet_o the_o empâ—rour_n know_v nothing_o of_o so_o strange_a a_o passage_n for_o the_o traitorous_a eunuch_n which_o be_v of_o most_o authority_n fear_v he_o may_v escape_v by_o flight_n defer_v to_o admonish_v he_o
enthrall_v and_o enchant_v the_o popularity_n to_o all_o which_o i_o add_v those_o fugitive_a magistrate_n who_o as_o i_o relate_v heretofore_o have_v flee_v to_o the_o tartar_n to_o avoid_v the_o emperor_n indignation_n and_o do_v not_o a_o little_a promote_v their_o cause_n for_o these_o man_n sometime_o by_o word_n and_o example_n do_v seduce_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o sometime_o suggest_v excellent_a counsel_n to_o the_o tartar_n against_o their_o own_o country_n and_o by_o both_o these_o mean_n advance_v themselves_o to_o high_a and_o eminent_a dignity_n among_o the_o tartar_n the_o same_o day_n some_o band_n of_o soldier_n be_v dispatch_v with_o order_n to_o proclaim_v usangueius_n a_o tributary_n king_n to_o this_o new_a install_v emperor_n which_o they_o perform_v with_o great_a magnificence_n add_v to_o his_o name_n as_o usual_o they_o do_v the_o surname_n of_o pingsi_n which_o sound_v as_o much_o as_o pacifier_n of_o the_o western_a world_n establish_v his_o kingdom_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o prince_n consider_v that_o he_o can_v expect_v no_o more_o honourable_a dignity_n from_o the_o lawful_a successor_n to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n and_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v come_v into_o the_o empire_n in_o so_o vast_a a_o number_n that_o he_o can_v never_o hope_v to_o conquer_v they_o find_v mean_n to_o dispense_v with_o his_o hitherto_o uncorrupted_a fidelity_n admit_v the_o dignity_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o emperor_n tartar_n and_o so_o he_o that_o have_v hitherto_o wage_v war_n for_o china_n against_o the_o thief_n now_o be_v force_v to_o march_v against_o china_n to_o subdue_v its_o province_n to_o the_o tartarian_a empire_n and_o as_o he_o be_v a_o great_a commander_n so_o also_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o tartar_n he_o quick_o drive_v out_o the_o thief_n from_o his_o little_a kingdom_n of_o xensi_fw-la where_o to_o this_o day_n he_o reign_v in_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o sigan_n but_o by_o these_o honour_v the_o tartar_n remove_v he_o from_o the_o practice_n of_o arm_n who_o remain_v arm_v may_v have_v prove_v a_o dangerous_a enemy_n it_o be_v hitherto_o never_o know_v what_o become_v of_o licungzus_n licungzus_n some_o think_v he_o be_v kill_v by_o usangueius_n in_o the_o fight_n though_o he_o never_o appear_v more_o neither_o dead_a nor_o alive_a after_o this_o fight_n in_o which_o all_o his_o force_n be_v dissipate_v or_o cut_v off_o and_o with_o the_o same_o facility_n the_o tartar_n subdue_v the_o province_n of_o peking_n and_o xantung_n where_o they_o immens_o augment_v their_o army_n by_o the_o access_n of_o the_o china_n soldier_n and_o commander_n which_o submit_v to_o they_o for_o the_o tartarian_n admit_v all_o even_o the_o conquer_a to_o their_o army_n if_o they_o do_v cut_v their_o hair_n and_o wear_v their_o habit_n after_o the_o tartarian_a fashion_n for_o in_o this_o puntillio_n of_o habit_n and_o hair_n they_o be_v so_o rigorous_a as_o they_o proclaim_v it_o high_a treason_n in_o all_o that_o do_v forbear_v it_o which_o law_n do_v many_o time_n endanger_v they_o and_o disturb_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o their_o affair_n for_o the_o chiness_n both_o grieve_v and_o fight_v more_o valiant_o for_o their_o hair_n and_o habit_n than_o for_o their_o kingdom_n and_o emperor_n so_o as_o many_o time_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v or_o lose_v their_o head_n than_o obey_v the_o tartar_n in_o these_o ceremony_n of_o which_o i_o can_v relate_v many_o example_n unless_o in_o this_o relation_n i_o have_v resolve_v to_o be_v brief_a province_n but_o all_o these_o little_a rub_n do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o in_o less_o than_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n not_o count_v leaotung_v they_o have_v conquer_v peking_n xansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o xantung_v which_o be_v the_o four_o vast_a northern_a province_n of_o china_n in_o all_o which_o they_o change_v nothing_o in_o their_o political_a manner_n of_o government_n nay_o 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taiminge_n who_o they_o call_v hungquangus_fw-la this_o man_n have_v come_v hither_o fly_v from_o the_o thief_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n and_o be_v he_o be_v nephew_n to_o that_o famous_a emperor_n vanley_n &_o cousin_n german_a to_o zungchinius_n the_o last_o decease_a emperor_n they_o crown_v he_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o ostentation_n hope_v for_o better_a fortune_n under_o his_o government_n as_o soon_o as_o this_o prince_n be_v choose_v he_o send_v â—n_a embassage_n to_o the_o tartar_n beg_v peace_n rather_o than_o demand_v it_o for_o 〈◊〉_d offer_v they_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n which_o they_o have_v take_v if_o they_o â—ould_v join_v in_o amity_n with_o he_o but_o the_o tartar_n well_o understand_v the_o policy_n of_o these_o prefect_n and_o counselor_n which_o be_v only_o to_o amuse_v they_o with_o a_o peace_n peace_n whilst_o they_o can_v recover_v their_o strength_n and_o force_n and_o therefore_o they_o return_v answer_v that_o they_o will_v not_o 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execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n but_o by_o this_o accident_n thing_n grow_v into_o a_o sedition_n and_o the_o dispute_n be_v so_o high_a that_o it_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o tartar_n of_o assail_a the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o nankue_v some_o of_o the_o prefect_n wink_v at_o it_o if_o not_o entice_v they_o underhand_o to_o this_o exploit_n the_o tartar_n vigilant_a to_o lay_v hold_n of_o all_o advantage_n hear_v of_o these_o emulation_n &_o division_n present_o march_v out_o into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o city_n of_o hoaigan_n and_o come_v to_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o river_n croceus_fw-la they_o pass_v over_o speedy_o by_o the_o help_n of_o their_o boat_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o river_n stand_v the_o army_n of_o china_n which_o be_v so_o numerous_a as_o if_o they_o have_v but_o cast_v off_o their_o very_a shoe_n they_o have_v erect_v such_o a_o rampart_n
against_o the_o tartar_n as_o all_o the_o horse_n will_v hardly_o have_v surmount_v it_o but_o it_o be_v the_o resolution_n and_o valour_n in_o war_n that_o carry_v the_o trophy_n not_o the_o number_n of_o man_n for_o hardly_o have_v the_o tartar_n set_v foot_n in_o their_o boat_n but_o the_o chineses_n run_v all_o away_o chinese_n as_o sheep_n use_v to_o do_v when_o they_o see_v the_o wolf_n leave_v the_o whole_a shore_n unfenced_a to_o their_o land_n the_o tartar_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n find_v no_o enemy_n to_o resist_v enter_v the_o most_o noble_a province_n of_o nank_v and_o in_o a_o trice_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o great_a river_n of_o kiang_n which_o be_v so_o vast_a as_o it_o be_v worthy_o call_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o deserve_v particular_o to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o rare_a thing_n in_o the_o warfare_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o before_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o country_n they_o choose_v and_o name_v both_o the_o governor_n and_o company_n with_o all_o the_o officer_n necessary_a for_o all_o the_o city_n and_o place_n which_o they_o aim_n to_o take_v so_o as_o in_o a_o moment_n they_o run_v like_o a_o lightning_n and_o no_o soon_o they_o possess_v it_o but_o it_o be_v fortify_v arm_v and_o defend_v there_o be_v one_o city_n in_o these_o quarter_n which_o make_v a_o generous_a resistance_n to_o all_o their_o reiterate_v assault_n burn_v call_v yangcheu_fw-la where_o the_o tartar_n lose_v the_o son_n of_o a_o little_a royalet_n this_o city_n be_v defend_v by_o that_o faithful_a imperial_a champion_n call_v zwis_n colaus_n but_o though_o he_o have_v a_o mighty_a garrison_n yet_o he_o be_v aâ—_n length_n force_v to_o yield_v and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v sack_v and_o both_o citizen_n and_o soldier_n put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o lest_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o dead_a carcase_n shall_v corrupt_v the_o air_n and_o engender_v the_o plague_n they_o lay_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n and_o set_v fire_n both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o suburb_n bring_v all_o to_o ash_n and_o to_o a_o total_a desolation_n by_o this_o progress_n the_o force_n of_o the_o tartar_n much_o increase_v place_n for_o the_o governor_n of_o many_o place_n &_o several_a regiment_n come_v to_o submit_v to_o his_o dominion_n to_o all_o who_o he_o common_o continue_v the_o same_o command_n and_o office_n they_o be_v establish_v in_o before_o and_o advance_v many_o of_o they_o to_o high_a dignity_n and_o so_o by_o this_o humanity_n with_o which_o he_o treat_v all_o that_o come_v fly_v to_o he_o and_o by_o the_o cruelty_n he_o use_v to_o those_o that_o resolve_v to_o make_v resistance_n to_o the_o force_n of_o his_o arm_n he_o gain_v this_o that_o most_o man_n resolve_v to_o partake_v of_o his_o sweet_a treaty_n rather_o than_o of_o his_o cruelty_n so_o he_o easy_o conquer_v all_o that_o which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o that_o river_n which_o i_o name_v before_o the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o river_n be_v a_o german_a league_n in_o breadth_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o west_n of_o china_n hold_v its_o course_n to_o the_o east_n and_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n into_o northern_a and_o southern_a quarter_n it_o also_o divide_v the_o country_n of_o nank_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n though_o nank_v the_o metropolitan_a and_o royal_a city_n be_v place_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n to_o master_v this_o great_a city_n they_o be_v to_o pass_v this_o river_n they_o gather_v therefore_o together_o many_o ship_n to_o conquer_v this_o new_a imperial_a seat_n and_o also_o the_o new_a settle_a emperor_n the_o fleet_n of_o china_n command_v by_o the_o most_o generous_a and_o faithful_a admiral_n call_v hoangchoangus_fw-la lay_v towards_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o river_n here_o the_o admiral_n fight_v so_o gallant_o and_o resolute_o that_o he_o make_v it_o appear_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v 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deliver_v he_o to_o the_o tartarian_a army_n in_o the_o year_n mdcxliv_o this_o unfortunate_a prince_n be_v thus_o betray_v before_o he_o have_v reign_v full_a one_o year_n be_v send_v to_o peking_n and_o there_o upon_o the_o town_n wall_n be_v hang_v public_o in_o a_o bow_n string_n which_o kind_n of_o death_n the_o tartar_n esteem_v most_o noble_a the_o pretend_a son_n to_o the_o emperor_n zunchinius_n whether_o he_o be_v true_a or_o false_a run_v the_o same_o course_n of_o fortune_n when_o they_o have_v discover_v he_o be_v keep_v still_o in_o prison_n for_o they_o do_v not_o only_o put_v to_o death_n all_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o taiminge_n by_o consanguinity_n but_o after_o a_o diligent_a search_n extirpate_v all_o they_o can_v find_v which_o belong_v to_o they_o even_o by_o affinity_n for_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o asia_n if_o any_o one_o conquer_v a_o kingdom_n to_o root_v out_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n after_o this_o they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o part_n the_o one_o they_o send_v to_o conquer_v the_o mediterranean_a province_n of_o kiansi_fw-la huquang_n &_o quangtung_n which_o be_v all_o of_o a_o marvellous_a extent_n the_o other_o like_o a_o swift_a torrent_n overrun_v all_o hangcheu_fw-la till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o renown_a and_o vast_a city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la which_o be_v the_o head_n city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n into_o this_o city_n the_o principal_a fugitive_n of_o the_o army_n of_o china_n be_v retire_v and_o those_o not_o only_o of_o the_o common_a soldier_n but_o many_o great_a commander_n and_o prefect_n where_o they_o resolve_v to_o choose_v a_o new_a emperor_n call_v lovangus_n of_o the_o ancient_a family_n of_o taimingus_n but_o this_o prince_n will_v never_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n but_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n think_v his_o fall_n will_v be_v less_o and_o his_o death_n not_o so_o bitter_a as_o if_o he_o fall_v from_o the_o throne_n of_o a_o emperor_n but_o yet_o to_o the_o end_n to_o animate_v they_o to_o fight_v with_o more_o vigour_n than_o they_o have_v do_v heretofore_o he_o promise_v they_o to_o take_v that_o title_n when_o they_o have_v regained_n one_o imperial_a city_n he_o have_v not_o reign_v three_o day_n a_o short_a space_n than_o their_o personate_a king_n use_v many_o time_n to_o reign_v in_o their_o tragedy_n but_o the_o tartar_n arrive_v which_o the_o fugitive_a soldier_n see_v &_o think_v by_o this_o pinch_n of_o necessity_n to_o force_v their_o pay_n from_o the_o king_n and_o city_n refuse_v to_o fight_v before_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o salary_n it_o be_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o king_n lovangus_n his_o heart_n be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v such_o a_o desolation_n of_o the_o city_n of_o his_o people_n and_o subject_n subject_n as_o he_o foresee_v give_v such_o a_o example_n of_o his_o humanity_n and_o piety_n as_o europe_n never_o see_v for_o he_o mount_v upon_o the_o city_n wall_n and_o call_v upon_o his_o knee_n to_o the_o tartarian_a captain_n beg_v the_o life_n of_o his_o subject_n spare_v not_o i_o quoth_v he_o i_o will_v willing_o be_v my_o subject_n victim_n &_o have_v say_v this_o he_o present_o go_v out_o to_o the_o tartar_n army_n and_o be_v take_v this_o illustrious_a testimony_n of_o his_o love_n to_o his_o subject_n have_v not_o want_v a_o reward_n to_o crown_n so_o heroic_a a_o action_n if_o it_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o generous_a soul_n like_o that_o of_o alexander_n or_o of_o caesar._n when_o they_o have_v the_o king_n prisoner_n they_o command_v the_o citizen_n to_o shut_v the_o gate_n and_o keep_v the_o wall_n lest_o either_o their_o own_o or_o the_o king_n soldier_n shall_v enter_v the_o city_n and_o
tartar_n together_o with_o many_o other_o neighbour_a city_n i_o dwell_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a house_n of_o the_o city_n venxus_fw-la the_o whole_a town_n then_o be_v in_o a_o tumult_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fear_n and_o flight_n of_o most_o of_o the_o citizen_n assoon_o as_o i_o understand_v of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o tartar_n i_o fix_v over_o the_o fair_a gate_n of_o the_o house_n a_o red_z paper_z very_o long_o and_o broad_a with_o this_o inscription_n upon_o it_o here_o dwell_v the_o european_a doctar_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o china_n governor_n when_o they_o take_v any_o journey_n to_o affix_v such_o inscription_n upon_o the_o house_n where_o they_o happen_v to_o lodge_v that_o all_o man_n may_v take_v notice_n what_o great_a person_n be_v there_o likewise_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o great_a hall_n i_o set_v out_o my_o great_a and_o fairest-bound_a book_n to_o these_o i_o add_v my_o mathematical_a instrument_n prospective_n and_o other_o optic_a glass_n and_o what_o else_o i_o think_v may_v make_v the_o great_a show_n and_o withal_o i_o place_v the_o picture_n of_o our_o saviour_n upon_o a_o altar_n erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o which_o fortunate_a stratagem_n i_o not_o on_o it_o only_o escape_v the_o violence_n and_o plunder_v of_o the_o common_a soldier_n but_o be_v invite_v and_o kind_o entertain_v by_o the_o tartarian_a viceroy_n who_o demand_v of_o i_o whether_o i_o will_v with_o a_o good_a will_v change_v my_o china-habit_n and_o cut_v off_o my_o hair_n to_o which_o i_o ready_o consent_v and_o so_o he_o command_v i_o to_o be_v shave_v there_o in_o his_o presence_n and_o i_o tell_v he_o that_o a_o shave_a head_n will_v not_o so_o well_o suit_n with_o a_o china-garment_n he_o pluke_v off_o his_o own_o boot_n and_o make_v i_o draw_v they_o on_o put_v his_o tartar_n bonnet_n on_o my_o head_n feast_v i_o at_o his_o table_n and_o accommodate_v i_o with_o his_o pass_n dismiss_v i_o to_o my_o ancient_a quarter_n in_o the_o noble_a city_n hancheu_o where_o we_o have_v a_o stately_a church_n and_o college_n in_o the_o siege_n of_o kinlna_n the_o tartar_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a gun_n which_o continual_o play_v upon_o they_o and_o by_o the_o wise_a conduct_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o noble_a commander_n suffer_v many_o and_o great_a loss_n insomuch_o as_o he_o force_v they_o to_o pitch_v their_o camp_n further_o from_o the_o city_n but_o at_o length_n they_o also_o bring_v artillery_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n by_o which_o they_o make_v so_o many_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n as_o these_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n dismantle_v they_o find_v entrance_n and_o burn_v and_o sack_v it_o with_o all_o imaginable_a hostility_n the_o governor_n blow_v up_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o family_n with_o a_o barrel_n of_o gunpowder_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n lest_o he_o or_o he_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o enemy_n hand_n the_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v environ_v with_o the_o border_a country_n of_o quamgtung_n kiansi_fw-la and_o chekiang_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o a_o continual_a chain_n of_o mountain_n which_o be_v in_o breadth_n of_o three_o day_n journey_n to_o pass_v over_o and_o withal_o so_o full_a of_o ragged_a and_o ruggy_a cliff_n and_o obscure_a valley_n as_o they_o make_v the_o very_a path_n horrid_a dark_a and_o obscure_a at_o noon_n day_n insomuch_o as_o without_o any_o exaggeration_n they_o may_v well_o be_v parallel_v either_o to_o the_o grecian_a strait_n of_o thermopolis_n or_o to_o the_o asian_a ruggy_a and_o strait_a passage_n of_o taurus_n these_o place_n may_v have_v be_v easy_o defend_v if_o they_o have_v but_o place_v a_o few_o clown_n to_o repel_v the_o enemy_n or_o cross_v the_o way_n by_o any_o encumbrance_n but_o the_o very_a imagination_n of_o a_o tartar_n be_v grow_v so_o terrible_a to_o they_o as_o they_o flee_v at_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o their_o horse_n leave_v therefore_o these_o mountain_n 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come_v in_o by_o fokien_n upon_o the_o other_o fide_fw-la and_o because_o the_o town_n of_o naâ—kiung_a resolve_v to_o fight_v it_o out_o they_o consume_v it_o all_o by_o fire_n and_o sword_n so_o the_o poor_a country_n of_o quamgtung_n oppress_v by_o a_o double_a victorious_a army_n be_v quick_o overrun_v &_o subdue_v after_o this_o one_o of_o these_o victorious_a army_n enrich_v with_o all_o the_o rarity_n of_o china_n be_v call_v back_o to_o peking_n but_o yet_o they_o leave_v a_o garrison_n in_o every_o city_n assign_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartar_n both_o civil_a and_o martial_a officer_n for_o the_o country_n government_n the_o happy_a success_n in_o take_v the_o impregnable_a province_n of_o fokien_n be_v attribute_v by_o wise_a man_n to_o who_o judgement_n i_o also_o submit_v to_o a_o more_o remote_a and_o hide_a cause_n which_o i_o will_v brief_o relate_v there_o be_v at_o this_o time_n a_o famous_a and_o renown_a pirate_n call_v chinchilungus_fw-la this_o 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transport_v the_o ware_n of_o china_n but_o himself_o or_o he_o to_o who_o he_o bring_v back_o the_o riches_n and_o the_o silver_n of_o europe_n and_o indies_n for_o after_o he_o once_o rather_o extort_a than_o obtain_v pardon_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n for_o his_o piracy_n he_o become_v so_o formidable_a as_o that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o three_o thousand_o ship_n of_o which_o he_o be_v lord_n and_o master_n now_o be_v he_o content_v with_o this_o fortune_n but_o aspire_v private_o to_o no_o less_o than_o to_o the_o empire_n but_o because_o he_o know_v he_o never_o shall_v be_v accept_v of_o the_o prefect_n and_o people_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o taiminge_n alive_a he_o hope_v by_o the_o tartar_n mean_n to_o extinguish_v they_o whole_o and_o after_o
with_o the_o other_o raze_v bring_v the_o city_n to_o great_a strait_n but_o yet_o they_o can_v not_o win_v it_o till_o at_o length_n they_o find_v mean_n by_o a_o rare_a invention_n to_o transport_v their_o canon_n over_o the_o mountain_n upon_o porter_n shoulder_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o dismantle_v the_o town_n and_o put_v all_o whatsoever_o to_o the_o sword_n to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o person_n as_o my_o own_o friend_n write_v unto_o i_o and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o they_o set_v fire_n on_o the_o town_n and_o bring_v it_o all_o to_o ash_n by_o which_o mean_n the_o stately_a church_n erect_v by_o the_o christian_n for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n be_v also_o consume_v by_o that_o devour_a flame_n yet_o the_o priest_n that_o serve_v in_o that_o church_n get_v out_o miraculous_o as_o lot_n do_v out_o of_o sodom_n which_o name_n be_v appropriate_v to_o this_o city_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o infamous_a vice_n this_o city_n be_v take_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a 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all_o these_o prevention_n and_o caution_n their_o empire_n be_v not_o so_o establish_v but_o by_o frequent_a rebellion_n it_o be_v often_o endanger_v and_o particular_o by_o one_o rebellion_n which_o now_o i_o will_v relate_v which_o shake_v shrewd_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o new_a empire_n the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v of_o so_o vast_a a_o extent_n garrison_n as_o it_o be_v a_o business_n of_o main_a importance_n to_o distribute_v judicious_o the_o army_n and_o garrison_n now_o because_o the_o tartar_n alone_o can_v suffice_v to_o furnish_v both_o they_o be_v force_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o although_o they_o have_v a_o special_a care_n never_o to_o leave_v or_o place_v either_o commander_n or_o soldier_n who_o be_v a_o native_a in_o the_o same_o country_n yet_o this_o care_n can_v not_o exempt_v they_o from_o several_a treason_n and_o rebellion_n though_o they_o distribute_v &_o order_v their_o militia_n with_o great_a circumspection_n for_o the_o chief_a commander_n or_o governor_n reside_v in_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n who_o all_o inferior_a officer_n obey_v this_o man_n maintain_v always_o a_o complete_a army_n which_o he_o command_v to_o march_v when_o he_o hear_v of_o any_o rise_n every_o city_n have_v also_o their_o own_o proper_a governor_n with_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o soldier_n but_o those_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v tartar_n and_o these_o be_v chine_n but_o all_o this_o political_a and_o wellestablished_n government_n can_v not_o defend_v they_o from_o traitor_n among_o themselves_o the_o first_o man_n that_o do_v revolt_v from_o they_o be_v one_o kinus_n governor_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n rebell_v this_o man_n be_v bear_v in_o leaotung_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o country_n that_o border_n upon_o tartary_n the_o king_n common_o must_v confide_n in_o the_o native_n of_o that_o province_n it_o happen_v i_o know_v not_o how_o that_o this_o governor_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o corruption_n and_o avarice_n of_o the_o visitor_n of_o the_o country_n have_v some_o contest_v with_o he_o which_o grow_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o a_o secret_a hatred_n kiansi_fw-la and_o although_o they_o both_o dissemble_v their_o private_a malice_n as_o usual_o they_o do_v in_o china_n yet_o at_o length_n the_o flame_n break_v out_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o be_v the_o one_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o the_o other_o of_o justice_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o often_o meeting_n &_o feast_n also_o it_o happen_v once_o that_o whilst_o they_o be_v feast_v with_o a_o sumptuous_a banquet_n they_o be_v also_o entertain_v by_o a_o pleasant_a comedy_n in_o which_o the_o actor_n be_v attire_v with_o the_o habit_n of_o china_n which_o be_v more_o comely_a and_o fair_a than_o those_o which_o the_o tartar_n use_n upon_o which_o occasion_n kinus_n turn_v himself_o to_o the_o visitor_n say_v be_v not_o this_o habit_n better_o &_o grave_a than_o we_o this_o innocent_a speech_n be_v interpret_v by_o his_o corrival_n judge_n as_o if_o he_o have_v contemn_v the_o edict_n about_o change_v of_o habit_n and_o express_v too_o much_o love_n to_o the_o chine_n garment_n before_o those_o of_o the_o tartar_n and_o of_o this_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o advertise_v the_o emperor_n but_o the_o governor_n kinus_n have_v corrupt_v a_o secretary_n which_o serve_v the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n who_o give_v he_o intelligence_n of_o all_o that_o pass_v in_o word_n or_o deed_n in_o his_o master_n house_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v notice_n that_o this_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o court_n he_o present_o dispatch_v those_o who_o intercept_v the_o packet_n which_o the_o governor_n have_v read_v go_v present_o arm_v to_o the_o judge_n palace_n who_o he_o sudden_o kill_v then_o present_o he_o with_o the_o whole_a province_n revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n and_o with_o the_o great_a applause_n of_o all_o the_o chinese_n he_o submit_v himself_o to_o jungley_n the_o new_a elect_a emperor_n one_o only_a city_n call_v cancheu_fw-la which_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o incorrupted_a tartar_n refuse_v to_o submit_v which_o be_v the_o whole_a and_o only_a cause_n that_o the_o tartar_n do_v recover_v the_o two_o province_n kiansi_fw-fr and_z quamtung_v both_o which_o province_n revolt_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o their_o commander_n and_o both_o submit_v also_o to_o the_o new_a elect_a emperor_n tartar_n â—ihuzus_o be_v governor_n of_o quamgtung_n at_o that_o time_n who_o resolve_v to_o join_v his_o force_n with_o kinus_n and_o so_o to_o cast_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o the_o empire_n which_o it_o be_v believe_v they_o may_v have_v effect_v if_o the_o governor_n of_o cancheu_o which_o be_v the_o key_n and_o entrance_n into_o four_o province_n have_v not_o cunnig_o undermine_v all_o their_o design_n and_o intention_n but_o this_o man_n hear_v that_o lihuzus_fw-la have_v revolt_v and_o march_v to_o join_v his_o army_n with_o kinus_n dispatch_v to_o he_o this_o deceitful_a letter_n cancheu_fw-la i_o have_v not_o hitherto_o submit_v to_o kinus_n because_o i_o know_v his_o force_n be_v not_o equal_a nor_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o tartar_n but_o see_v thou_o most_o renown_a and_o valiant_a captain_n begin_v also_o to_o march_v against_o they_o my_o hope_n concern_v they_o be_v at_o end_n i_o be_o thou_o and_o embrace_v thy_o cause_n whensoever_o thou_o shall_v come_v or_o send_v i_o will_v render_v my_o city_n to_o thou_o or_o thou_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o send_v to_o all_o the_o governor_n in_o fokien_n to_o send_v he_o secret_o all_o the_o possible_a succour_n they_o can_v raise_v altogether_o lihuzus_fw-la have_v receive_v the_o letter_n march_v towards_o he_o cheerful_o and_o confident_o but_o though_o he_o find_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n open_a yet_o he_o be_v furious_o repel_v by_o the_o tartarian_n opposition_n which_o unexpected_a accident_n so_o astonish_v his_o soldier_n as_o many_o of_o they_o perish_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v think_v himself_o be_v kill_v for_o he_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o after_o this_o reverse_n and_o cross_a fortune_n do_v much_o disturb_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o emperor_n iangley_n affair_n though_o kinus_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v many_o singular_a victory_n over_o the_o tartar_n for_o when_o the_o chief_a governor_n of_o all_o the_o western_a part_n of_o china_n who_o have_v place_v his_o chief_a seat_n in_o nank_v have_v gather_v great_a force_n to_o repress_v his_o aspire_a mind_n yet_o he_o be_v several_a time_n rout_v &_o overthrow_v by_o he_o and_o if_o kinus_n have_v pursue_v the_o course_n of_o his_o victory_n he_o may_v have_v come_v to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o nank_v but_o he_o be_v solicitous_a of_o the_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la which_o oblige_v he_o to_o a_o retreit_n for_o
neither_o be_v it_o safe_a for_o he_o to_o leave_v a_o enemy_n behind_o he_o nor_o can_v be_v receive_v victual_n from_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n but_o by_o cancheu_o which_o be_v the_o natural_a descent_n of_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o hear_v of_o lihuzu_n defeat_n he_o present_o besiege_v that_o city_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n but_o whilst_o he_o be_v besiege_v this_o city_n there_o come_v unfortunate_o a_o new_a army_n of_o tartar_n from_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n which_o have_v order_n to_o recover_v this_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o therefore_o kinus_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v his_o siege_n to_o oppose_v their_o entrance_n by_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o at_o first_o have_v a_o vast_a army_n and_o use_v to_o the_o tartarian_a warfare_n he_o fight_v both_o valiant_o and_o happy_o but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v any_o long_o their_o redouble_a violent_a assault_n tartar_n he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v for_o his_o security_n to_o nanchang_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o that_o country_n which_o city_n the_o tartar_n dare_v not_o venture_v to_o take_v by_o force_n but_o resolve_v to_o reduce_v it_o by_o a_o long_a siege_n for_o which_o end_n they_o gather_v together_o a_o company_n of_o country_n clown_n to_o make_v a_o large_a and_o spacious_a trench_n round_o about_o the_o city_n to_o the_o river_n and_o there_o they_o place_v ship_n so_o as_o no_o provision_n can_v possible_o enter_v this_o city_n of_o nanchang_n be_v great_a and_o extreme_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n beside_o the_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n which_o defend_v it_o at_o that_o time_n so_o as_o although_o kinus_n have_v make_v great_a provision_n for_o a_o siege_n yet_o after_o some_o month_n he_o come_v to_o great_a want_n and_o penury_n and_o yet_o he_o hold_v it_o out_o though_o many_o die_v expect_v still_o some_o succour_n from_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n which_o can_v not_o be_v send_v because_o the_o soldier_n of_o quamgtung_n can_v never_o subdue_v the_o city_n of_o chancheu_fw-la by_o which_o his_o succour_n be_v to_o pass_v wherefore_o kinus_n be_v bring_v to_o great_a extremity_n express_v his_o mind_n to_o his_o soldier_n in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v no_o further_a hope_n my_o faithful_a companion_n but_o in_o our_o own_o valour_n and_o strength_n we_o must_v force_v our_o way_n through_o the_o tartarian_a army_n by_o dint_n of_o sword_n be_v courageous_a and_o follow_v my_o example_n city_n and_o have_v order_v all_o affair_n he_o sudden_o make_v a_o sally_n out_o of_o the_o town_n upon_o their_o trench_n where_o though_o he_o find_v a_o vigorous_a opposition_n yet_o with_o great_a difficulty_n he_o pass_v and_o force_v their_o trench_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o save_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n have_v kill_v many_o tartar_n for_o it_o be_v constant_o report_v that_o kinus_n with_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o army_n live_v in_o the_o mountain_n expect_v there_o some_o good_a occasion_n to_o renew_v the_o war._n he_o be_v thus_o escape_v destroy_v the_o tartar_n pillage_v the_o city_n and_o put_v all_o the_o citizen_n to_o the_o sword_n for_o it_o be_v the_o tartar_n custom_n to_o spare_v all_o city_n which_o submit_v to_o they_o and_o to_o those_o which_o have_v make_v resistance_n before_o they_o be_v take_v they_o be_v more_o cruel_a but_o they_o never_o spare_v or_o pardon_v those_o city_n which_o revolt_v after_o they_o have_v once_o be_v take_v in_o this_o slaughter_n they_o kill_v the_o two_o priest_n which_o there_o assist_v the_o christian_n and_o their_o ancient_a and_o fair_a church_n be_v burn_v in_o the_o city_n after_o this_o the_o tartar_n easy_o recover_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o have_v appease_v all_o and_o leave_v new_a garrison_n in_o all_o place_n the_o army_n return_v victorious_a to_o the_o royal_a city_n of_o peking_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o court_n prepare_v new_a army_n to_o reduce_v quamgtung_n with_o the_o other_o province_n which_o acknowledge_v jungley_n for_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n for_o the_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n of_o tartary_n find_v the_o defection_n and_o rebellion_n in_o the_o southern_a part_n to_o be_v very_o frequent_a resolve_v to_o give_v those_o quarter_n over_o to_o some_o tributary_n royolet_n china_n the_o better_a to_o contain_v those_o country_n in_o their_o duty_n wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n mdcxlix_o he_o send_v three_o army_n consist_v partly_o of_o tartar_n and_o partly_o of_o chineses_n under_o three_o tributary_n princess_n to_o govern_v these_o province_n with_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n one_o of_o these_o be_v king_n of_o fokien_n another_o of_o quamgtung_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n but_o with_o this_o condition_n that_o first_o of_o all_o they_o shall_v join_v their_o force_n to_o recover_v the_o country_n of_o quamgtung_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n but_o we_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o hereafter_o now_o have_v see_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o south_n let_v we_o look_v a_o little_a back_n on_o the_o rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n against_o the_o tartar_n also_o in_o these_o northern_a part_n the_o chineses_n show_v their_o desire_n of_o liberty_n as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o south_n where_o the_o commander_n though_o overthrow_v yet_o not_o take_v retire_v into_o the_o abrupt_a and_o precipitious_a mountain_n where_o they_o hold_v counsel_n how_o they_o may_v shake_v off_o the_o tartar_n dominion_n three_o of_o these_o head_n inhabit_v the_o thick_a and_o high_a place_n of_o that_o mountainous_a country_n tartar_n the_o chief_a of_o who_o be_v call_v house_n this_o man_n be_v strong_a in_o man_n invite_v the_o rest_n to_o join_v with_o he_o to_o deliver_v his_o country_n from_o this_o miserable_a thraldom_n one_o of_o they_o consent_v the_o other_o can_v not_o come_v but_o send_v he_o two_o thousand_o man_n to_o assist_v he_o so_o as_o house_n march_v out_o with_o five_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v no_o contemptible_a army_n if_o they_o have_v be_v as_o courageous_a as_o numerous_a he_o put_v out_o a_o proclamation_n in_o which_o he_o challenge_v the_o tartar_n and_o threaten_v they_o all_o extremity_n and_o to_o the_o chinese_n he_o promise_v all_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n and_o upon_o these_o hope_n many_o town_n and_o city_n admit_v he_o very_o willing_o sigan_n the_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o only_a place_n able_a to_o resist_v he_o have_v within_o its_o wall_n three_o thousand_o tartar_n and_o two_o thousand_o select_a man_n of_o china_n who_o serve_v the_o tartar_n the_o governor_n of_o this_o town_n hear_v of_o house_n his_o motion_n gather_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o long_a siege_n till_o a_o new_a supply_n of_o tartarian_a force_n can_v be_v send_v he_o but_o when_o be_v hear_v that_o all_o the_o town_n and_o city_n in_o the_o country_n do_v voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o house_n governor_n to_o prevent_v the_o like_a effect_n in_o this_o city_n he_o resolve_v to_o murder_v all_o the_o citizen_n most_o barbarous_o nor_o will_v he_o ever_o be_v remove_v from_o this_o unhuman_a sentence_n till_o the_o viceroy_n command_v and_o persuade_v and_o the_o citizen_n promise_v all_o faithful_a service_n at_o length_n he_o change_v this_o tyrannical_a counsel_n but_o he_o command_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n that_o the_o chinese_n who_o love_v so_o much_o their_o hair_n that_o they_o only_o cut_v a_o little_a of_o it_o away_o about_o their_o temple_n shall_v hereafter_o shave_v it_o off_o whole_o and_o total_o that_o so_o he_o may_v distinguish_v the_o citizen_n from_o any_o other_o if_o perchance_o they_o enter_v he_o ordain_v beside_o that_o if_o any_o speak_v more_o than_o two_o together_o they_o shall_v all_o be_v present_o kill_v he_o forbid_v all_o man_n to_o walk_v upon_o the_o wall_n or_o to_o walk_v in_o the_o street_n by_o night_n or_o to_o keep_v a_o fire_n or_o candle_n in_o his_o house_n by_o night_n and_o final_o disarm_v all_o declare_v it_o death_n to_o infringe_v any_o of_o these_o order_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v besiege_v he_o send_v out_o some_o scoot_n to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n strength_n who_o be_v partly_o kill_v and_o partly_o come_v fly_v back_o to_o the_o city_n but_o this_o tartarian_a governor_n as_o well_o to_o make_v a_o ostentation_n of_o his_o strength_n as_o of_o his_o security_n command_v the_o city_n gate_n to_o be_v leave_v open_a nor_o will_v he_o permit_v the_o draw_n bridge_n to_o be_v raise_v or_o pull_v up_o to_o show_v he_o fear_v nothing_o but_o for_o all_o this_o the_o commander_n house_n besiege_n this_o city_n afar_o off_o which_o be_v three_o league_n compass_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o their_o artillery_n and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v make_v a_o show_n of_o
where_o they_o have_v ever_o their_o arm_n and_o horse_n ready_a for_o any_o expedition_n banner_n so_o as_o in_o one_o half_a hour_n they_o all_o be_v ready_a for_o they_o blow_v a_o horn_n just_a in_o the_o fashion_n of_o that_o which_o we_o appropriate_v usual_o to_o our_o triton_n and_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o wind_v it_o they_o present_o know_v what_o company_n and_o captain_n must_v march_v so_o as_o they_o be_v ready_a in_o a_o moment_n to_o follow_v their_o ensign_n which_o a_o horseman_n carry_v tie_v behind_o he_o though_o common_o none_o but_o the_o commander_n and_o ensign_n know_v whither_o they_o go_v this_o profound_a secrecy_n in_o their_o exercise_n of_o war_n have_v often_o astonish_v the_o chinese_n for_o many_o time_n when_o they_o think_v to_o oppose_v they_o in_o one_o part_n they_o present_o hear_v they_o be_v in_o another_o quarter_n and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n they_o be_v so_o quick_a for_o they_o never_o carry_v with_o they_o any_o baggage_n nor_o do_v they_o take_v care_n for_o provision_n for_o they_o feed_v themselves_o with_o what_o they_o find_v yet_o common_o they_o eat_v flesh_n though_o half_o roast_v or_o half_a boil_a if_o they_o find_v none_o than_o they_o devour_v their_o horse_n or_o camel_n but_o ever_o when_o they_o have_v leisure_n they_o go_v a_o hunt_n all_o manner_n of_o wild_a beast_n either_o by_o some_o excellent_a dog_n and_o vulture_n which_o they_o bring_v up_o for_o that_o end_n hunâ—ing_n or_o else_o by_o encompass_v a_o whole_a mountain_n or_o large_a field_n they_o beat_v up_o all_o the_o wild_a beast_n into_o a_o circle_n and_o drive_v they_o into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n as_o that_o they_o can_v take_v as_o many_o as_o they_o please_v and_o dismiss_v the_o rest_n the_o earth_n cover_v with_o their_o horse-cloth_n be_v their_o bed_n for_o they_o care_v not_o for_o house_n and_o chamber_n but_o if_o they_o be_v force_v to_o dwell_v in_o house_n their_o horse_n must_v lodge_v with_o they_o and_o they_o must_v have_v many_o hole_n beat_v in_o the_o wall_n but_o yet_o their_o tent_n be_v most_o beautiful_a which_o they_o fix_v and_o remove_v with_o such_o art_n and_o dexterity_n as_o they_o never_o retard_v the_o speedy_a march_n of_o a_o army_n thus_o the_o tartar_n train_n their_o soldier_n to_o hardness_n for_o war._n out_o of_o all_o these_o ensign_n amavangus_n choose_v the_o choice_a man_n to_o accompany_v his_o person_n and_o beside_o he_o take_v part_n of_o those_o which_o he_o have_v depute_v to_o follow_v the_o three_o royalet_n which_o he_o dispatch_v to_o the_o south_n order_v they_o to_o take_v as_o many_o out_o of_o the_o several_a garrison_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v as_o may_v supply_v this_o defect_n but_o although_o amavangus_n have_v so_o gallant_a and_o such_o a_o flourish_a army_n yet_o he_o never_o dare_v give_v battle_n to_o kiangus_n lest_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o expose_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o tartar_n to_o the_o fortune_n of_o one_o battle_n kiangus_n so_o that_o although_o kiangus_n do_v frequent_o offer_v he_o battle_n yet_o he_o ever_o refuse_v to_o fight_v expect_v still_o to_o hear_v what_o reply_n the_o western_a tartar_n will_v make_v to_o his_o proposition_n of_o his_o nephew_n marriage_n for_o he_o have_v send_v a_o legate_n to_o that_o tartarian_a king_n with_o precious_a gift_n as_o well_o to_o demand_v his_o daughter_n for_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n as_o to_o desire_v he_o to_o afford_v no_o succour_n to_o the_o rebel_n kiangus_n the_o precious_a gift_n of_o gold_n of_o silk_n of_o silver_n and_o of_o woman_n obtain_v whatsoever_o he_o demand_v and_o therefore_o kiangus_n see_v himself_o desert_v of_o the_o tartar_n that_o he_o may_v provide_v as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v for_o his_o own_o affair_n return_v to_o the_o city_n taitung_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o repent_v himself_o when_o it_o be_v too_o late_o for_o amavangus_n call_v in_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o peasant_n in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n with_o a_o incredible_a diligence_n cast_v up_o a_o trench_n of_o ten_o league_n compass_n which_o he_o so_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n and_o rampart_n that_o in_o a_o trice_n he_o block_v up_o that_o city_n then_o do_v kiangus_n see_v his_o error_n in_o grant_v they_o leisure_n to_o draw_v their_o trench_n which_o he_o know_v will_v debar_v he_o from_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o therefore_o be_v enrage_v with_o anger_n as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n full_a of_o metal_n and_o a_o great_a soldier_n turn_v himself_o to_o his_o soldier_n he_o say_v if_o i_o must_v die_v i_o have_v rather_o die_v by_o the_o sword_n than_o by_o famine_n and_o upon_o this_o march_v out_o present_o to_o the_o enemy_n trench_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n here_o it_o be_v that_o both_o the_o party_n fight_v most_o obstinate_o the_o one_o to_o seek_v his_o passage_n the_o other_o to_o hinder_v his_o advance_n so_o as_o the_o fortune_n be_v various_a and_o the_o victory_n doubtful_a until_o a_o unlucky_a arrow_n transpierce_v kiangus_n kill_v and_o in_o he_o all_o the_o hope_n of_o china_n perish_v his_o soldier_n see_v he_o dead_a partly_o run_v away_o and_o partly_o submit_v to_o the_o tartar_n who_o receive_v they_o with_o all_o courtesy_n and_o humanity_n for_o they_o have_v cause_n enough_o of_o joy_n to_o see_v they_o have_v escape_v the_o danger_n of_o lose_v the_o empire_n and_o that_o they_o have_v conquer_v so_o formidable_a a_o commander_n but_o yet_o they_o plunder_v the_o city_n taitung_n and_o burn_v the_o city_n of_o pucheu_fw-la where_o the_o church_n of_o the_o christian_n also_o perish_v from_o hence_o the_o tartar_n return_v to_o peking_n where_o i_o see_v they_o enter_v overload_v with_o riches_n and_o triumphant_a laurel_n but_o amavangus_n pursue_v his_o journey_n to_o the_o western_a tartar_n where_o he_o ratify_v his_o nephew_n xunchius_n his_o marriage_n and_o bring_v back_o with_o he_o a_o infinite_a company_n of_o horse_n from_o the_o tartar_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanya_n marry_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o three_o royalet_n which_o go_v to_o the_o southern_a kingdom_n to_o pacify_v those_o unquiet_a province_n take_v their_o journey_n by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o river_n guel_n and_o when_o they_o pass_v through_o that_o province_n which_o the_o emperor_n have_v give_v the_o tartar_n to_o inhabit_v and_o cultivate_v after_o he_o have_v expel_v the_o chineses_n for_o their_o rebellion_n most_o of_o these_o peasant_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o till_v and_o manure_v the_o ground_n as_o have_v never_o be_v use_v to_o manage_v a_o spade_n or_o a_o plough_n but_o their_o sword_n these_o man_n i_o say_v desire_v earnest_o these_o prince_n that_o they_o may_v accompany_v they_o in_o these_o war_n and_o in_o their_o expedition_n two_o of_o these_o prince_n reject_v their_o petition_n but_o the_o three_o call_v kengus_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o order_n from_o the_o emperor_n list_v they_o among_o his_o own_o troop_n upon_o which_o they_o joyful_o change_v their_o rustical_a instrument_n into_o weapon_n for_o war_n when_o the_o emperor_n hear_v of_o this_o proceed_n he_o send_v word_n to_o kengus_n to_o dismiss_v they_o but_o he_o pretend_v various_a excuse_n and_o do_v neglect_v the_o emperor_n order_n he_o therefore_o command_v the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o all_o the_o southern_a quarter_n who_o reside_v ever_o at_o nank_v either_o to_o take_v kengus_n alive_a or_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v slay_v he_o present_o cast_v about_o how_o to_o compass_v the_o emperor_n command_n with_o all_o secrecy_n &_o receive_v the_o three_o royolet_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o divertisement_n of_o comedy_n banquet_n &_o the_o like_a pleasure_n as_o if_o he_o have_v receive_v no_o distasteful_a order_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o when_o the_o day_n be_v come_v that_o they_o resolve_v to_o prosecute_v their_o journey_n by_o the_o great_a river_n of_o kiang_n the_o say_a governor_n contrive_v his_o business_n so_o as_o he_o meet_v they_o again_o in_o the_o river_n and_o under_o pretence_n of_o take_v his_o last_o farewell_n he_o entertain_v they_o noble_o with_o a_o royal_a feast_n and_o in_o as_o royal_a a_o junck_n which_o in_o china_n be_v so_o magnificent_a as_o they_o resemble_v rather_o some_o gild_a palace_n than_o float_a vessel_n in_o this_o princely_a ship_n he_o entertain_v these_o prince_n in_o all_o jollity_n and_o mirth_n until_o their_o army_n have_v advance_v a_o good_a way_n before_o and_o then_o he_o declare_v to_o kengus_n the_o emperor_n order_n who_o present_o promise_v all_o submission_n and_o to_o return_v to_o nank_v with_o he_o if_o he_o will_v only_o permit_v he_o to_o go_v to_o his_o ship_n which_o expect_v he_o in_o the_o river_n to_o order_v some_o little_a affair_n of_o his_o own_o which_o be_v grant_v he_o no_o soon_o get_v
place_n but_o he_o be_v not_o content_v with_o the_o death_n of_o one_o of_o these_o same_o heathenish_a priest_n but_o have_v get_v together_o about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n he_o send_v they_o all_o to_o hell_n to_o visit_v their_o master_n who_o they_o have_v serve_v and_o then_o he_o will_v applaud_v himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v do_v a_o very_a heroical_a action_n say_v to_o they_o these_o man_n will_v have_v take_v away_o your_o life_n thousand_o but_o thiencheu_o so_o they_o call_v god_n which_o signify_v the_o lord_n of_o heaven_n have_v send_v i_o to_o revenge_v your_o cause_n &_o inflict_v due_a punishment_n upon_o these_o wretch_n he_o will_v often_o confer_v also_o with_o the_o father_n of_o christian_a religion_n and_o that_o so_o proper_o as_o a_o man_n will_v take_v he_o for_o a_o christian._n he_o praise_v and_o high_o extol_v the_o religion_n of_o christian_n which_o he_o well_o understand_v partly_o by_o the_o conference_n which_o he_o frequent_o have_v with_o the_o father_n and_o partly_o by_o read_v their_o book_n which_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o christian_n they_o have_v write_v in_o the_o china_n language_n &_o have_v often_o promise_v to_o build_v a_o church_n to_o the_o god_n of_o christian_n worthy_a of_o his_o magnificence_n when_o he_o once_o come_v to_o be_v emperor_n of_o china_n and_o indeed_o all_o the_o work_v he_o erect_v be_v verâ—_n splendid_a and_o magnificent_a but_o he_o pollute_v they_o all_o with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o workman_n for_o if_o he_o find_v they_o have_v but_o commit_v the_o least_o error_n or_o the_o least_o imperfection_n he_o present_o put_v they_o to_o death_n upon_o the_o place_n on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o country_n of_o suchuen_n where_o it_o confine_n with_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la lie_v the_o strong_a city_n call_v nanchung_a which_o though_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o county_n of_o xensi_fw-la hanchung_a yet_o in_o respect_n it_o be_v both_o 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these_o little_a angel_n as_o herod_n slaughter_n do_v to_o the_o bless_a innocentâ—_n they_o write_v baptise_a that_o in_o this_o massacre_n there_o be_v so_o much_o blood_n spill_v as_o make_v the_o great_a river_n of_o kiang_n which_o run_v by_o the_o city_n to_o increase_v and_o swell_v visible_o and_o the_o dead_a corpse_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o river_n and_o carry_v downward_o to_o the_o other_o city_n do_v denounce_v unto_o they_o that_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v no_o better_a treaty_n from_o this_o tyrant_n hand_n and_o it_o quick_o prove_v true_a for_o he_o dispatch_v his_o army_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o kill_v all_o that_o he_o can_v lay_v hand_n on_o and_o thus_o this_o tyrant_n do_v bring_v that_o populous_a province_n of_o suchuen_n into_o a_o vast_a wilderness_n after_o this_o he_o muster_v all_o his_o soldier_n in_o a_o field_n which_o in_o every_o city_n of_o china_n be_v depute_v for_o that_o end_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n kioochang_n 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of_o all_o man_n and_o who_o from_o the_o base_a condition_n of_o a_o rascally_a thief_n presume_v to_o take_v the_o sacred_a title_n of_o king_n and_o emperor_n the_o head_n be_v down_o the_o tartar_n easy_o seize_v on_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n many_o of_o the_o soldier_n submit_v to_o they_o other_o be_v kill_v other_o run_v away_o and_o the_o poor_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n receive_v the_o tartar_n as_o their_o saviour_n tartar_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o province_n which_o be_v the_o most_o western_a in_o china_n and_o border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tibet_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o tartarian_a empire_n when_o they_o have_v establish_v garrison_n and_o all_o their_o other_o affair_n in_o that_o country_n they_o prepare_v to_o return_v to_o the_o royal_a city_n of_o peking_n lead_v with_o they_o the_o two_o captive_a priest_n which_o they_o have_v find_v in_o chain_n as_o a_o present_a most_o acceptable_a to_o the_o tartarian_a emperor_n 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fact_n he_o be_v commit_v to_o a_o prison_n proper_a to_o those_o of_o the_o blood_n royal_a which_o he_o accuse_v of_o any_o crime_n but_o he_o scorn_v to_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o tartarian_a family_n which_o shall_v suffer_v this_o opprobry_n in_o china_n and_o therefore_o before_o he_o be_v carry_v to_o this_o prison_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n coaciang_n he_o hang_v himself_o miserable_o in_o his_o own_o place_n himself_o a_o gallant_a prince_n and_o worthy_a of_o a_o better_a fortune_n many_o think_v this_o disgrace_n to_o have_v grow_v from_o amavangus_n his_o elder_a brother_n emulation_n but_o i_o think_v that_o amavangus_n be_v afraid_a that_o this_o man_n though_o want_v no_o courage_n yet_o of_o a_o precipitit_fw-la nature_n will_v quick_o ruin_v the_o tartarian_a affair_n by_o his_o
themselves_o constant_a to_o he_o and_o this_o memorial_n of_o he_o i_o owe_v as_o well_o to_o the_o singular_a friendship_n he_o be_v please_v to_o contract_v with_o i_o as_o also_o to_o his_o eminent_a virtue_n of_o which_o i_o myself_o &_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o christian_n in_o china_n be_v both_o spectator_n and_o admirer_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n he_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o nanquin_n in_o the_o city_n changcho_n be_v call_v kiu_n thomas_n a_o name_n most_o worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n during_o the_o saccage_n of_o these_o province_n news_n arrive_v from_o the_o country_n of_o suchuen_n which_o the_o notorious_a brigand_n call_v changhienchungus_n famous_a for_o his_o strange_a cruelty_n and_o abominable_a villainy_n have_v so_o waste_v that_o it_o begin_v again_o to_o be_v shake_v with_o several_a tempest_n of_o war_n &_o though_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v quite_o destroy_v in_o the_o last_o battle_n yet_o from_o thence_o do_v appear_v again_o new_a trouble_n and_o vexation_n to_o the_o empire_n the_o province_n of_o fokien_n also_o begin_v to_o groan_v under_o the_o same_o miserable_a condition_n of_o war_n for_o the_o reverend_a father_n peter_n canevary_n native_a of_o genua_n write_v out_o of_o the_o city_n changcheu_o which_o be_v besiege_v the_o 30._o of_o march_n 1652._o that_o quesingus_n have_v make_v a_o descent_n from_o his_o ship_n into_o that_o province_n have_v overrun_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v some_o city_n and_o town_n and_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o great_a terror_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n insomuch_o as_o the_o tartarian_a commander_n keep_v themselves_o and_o their_o army_n in_o their_o fort_n and_o other_o place_n of_o strength_n not_o dare_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o oppose_v he_o but_o yet_o he_o say_v they_o expect_v new_a force_n and_o succour_n from_o peking_n by_o which_o they_o doubt_v not_o but_o quick_o to_o subdue_v he_o this_o quesingus_n who_o now_o vex_v this_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v son_n to_o the_o famous_a pirate_n iquon_n or_o chinchilungo_n who_o the_o tartar_n imprison_v by_o a_o slight_a as_o i_o recount_v to_o you_o in_o my_o former_a history_n and_o to_o let_v you_o know_v what_o i_o further_o hear_v from_o some_o passenger_n of_o china_n who_o in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n 1653._o be_v cast_v in_o a_o ship_n of_o china_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o a_o island_n call_v new_a holland_n whither_o i_o have_v be_v bring_v before_o by_o their_o bark_n and_o soldier_n as_o their_o prisoner_n these_o man_n relate_v that_o a_o great_a army_n of_o tartar_n be_v arrive_v to_o subdue_v quesingus_n who_o commander_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o join_v art_n to_o his_o force_n and_o therefore_o he_o command_v a_o handful_n of_o man_n to_o charge_v the_o chinese_n army_n and_o present_o by_o feign_v flight_n to_o retire_v to_o more_o advantageous_a and_o sure_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o have_v place_v a_o number_n of_o horse_n in_o a_o deep_a valley_n behind_o a_o mountain_n towards_o which_o quarter_n the_o fugitive_a troop_n retire_v this_o flight_n give_v courage_n to_o the_o chinese_n and_o the_o desire_n of_o victory_n make_v they_o venture_v so_o far_o from_o the_o river_n change_v where_o their_o ship_n lay_v at_o anchor_n as_o they_o find_v themselves_o environ_v by_o the_o tartar_n army_n this_o desperate_a condition_n which_o exclude_v the_o chineses_n from_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n cause_v a_o very_a great_a and_o bloody_a slaughter_n in_o which_o there_o perish_v above_o 80000_o of_o the_o chinese_n army_n whilst_o quesingus_n a_o spectator_n of_o this_o sad_a accident_n from_o the_o mast_n of_o his_o ship_n as_o they_o relate_v be_v hear_v to_o say_v that_o he_o will_v once_o more_o try_v his_o fortune_n against_o the_o tartar_n but_o if_o she_o prove_v again_o adverse_a unto_o he_o he_o then_o will_v submit_v and_o shave_v his_o hair_n like_o a_o tartar_n concern_v the_o present_a state_n of_o christian_a religion_n be_v at_o brussels_n this_o last_o junse_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o i_o receive_v letter_n from_o china_n in_o which_o they_o give_v i_o notice_n that_o the_o father_n jesuit_n be_v very_o favourable_o treat_v by_o the_o tartar_n yea_o better_a than_o before_o that_o they_o permit_v free_a exercise_n of_o the_o christian_n catholic_n religion_n through_o all_o their_o kingdom_n grant_v they_o leave_v not_o only_o to_o enjoy_v their_o ancient_a church_n but_o also_o liberal_o contribute_v to_o build_v new_a one_o so_o by_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n that_o which_o endamage_v other_o prove_v gain_v to_o they_o but_o i_o reserve_v all_o particular_n to_o a_o large_a relation_n in_o a_o great_a volume_n which_o shall_v continue_v trigautius_n his_o history_n of_o the_o mission_n dispatch_v into_o china_n conclude_v with_o the_o year_n 1610_o to_o these_o our_o present_a time_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o to_o be_v sell_v by_o john_n crook_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o st_n paul_n churchyard_n annal_n veteris_fw-la testamenti_fw-la à _fw-la primâ_fw-la mundi_fw-la origine_fw-la deducti_fw-la unâ_fw-la cum_fw-la rerurn_n asiaticarum_fw-la &_o aegyptiacarum_fw-la chronico_fw-la a_o tempoâ—ris_n historici_fw-la principio_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la maccabaicarum_fw-la initia_fw-la producto_fw-la a_fw-la viro_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la &_o doctissimo_fw-la jacobo_n usserio_n archiepiâ—copo_n armachno_n folio_n ejusdem_fw-la annalium_fw-la pars_fw-la secunda_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la annum_fw-la christi_fw-la octogesimum_fw-la producitur_fw-la unà _fw-la cum_fw-la harmoniâ—_n evangeliorum_fw-la ab_fw-la exercitatissimo_fw-la in_o sacris_fw-la literis_fw-la doctore_fw-la johanne_n richardsono_fw-it episcopo_fw-la ardachensi_fw-la conscripta_fw-la folio_n ejusdem_fw-la de_fw-la textûs_fw-la hebraici_n veteris_fw-la testamenti_fw-la variantibus_fw-la lectionibus_fw-la ad_fw-la ludovicum_n cappellum_fw-la epistola_fw-la 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of_o man_n belong_v to_o that_o function_n by_o francis_n thynne_n esquire_n 12o._o wisdom_n and_o innocence_n or_o prudence_n and_o simplicity_n in_o the_o example_n of_o the_o serpent_n and_o the_o dove_n propound_v to_o our_o imitation_n by_o thomas_n vane_n doctor_n in_o divinity_n and_o physic_n 12o._o the_o spiritual_a nursery_n decipher_v in_o a_o sermon_n preach_v at_o mercer_n chapel_n in_o london_n febr._n 9_o 1650._o by_o thomas_n baker_n late_a rector_n of_o st_n mary_n the_o more_o in_o exon._n quartâ—_n seven_o sermon_n preach_v upon_o several_a occasion_n by_o the_o most_o reverend_a and_o learned_a father_n in_o god_n william_n laud_n late_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n heretofore_o print_v several_o but_o now_o gather_v together_o and_o reprint_v 12o._o loci_fw-la commune_v d._n martini_n lutheri_fw-la ex_fw-la scriptis_fw-la ipsius_fw-la latinis_fw-la forma_fw-la gnomolcgica_fw-la &_o aphoristica_fw-la collecti_fw-la &_o in_fw-la quinque_fw-la class_n distributi_fw-la à _fw-la m._n theodosio_n fabritio_n ecclesiae_fw-la gottingensis_fw-la pastore_n quarto_n disputatio_fw-la scolastica_fw-la de_fw-la divina_fw-la providentia_fw-la adversus_fw-la jesuitas_fw-la arminianos_n socinianos_n de_fw-la domino_fw-la dei_fw-la &c_n &c_n studiis_fw-la &_o industria_fw-la samuelis_fw-la rhetorfortis_n s_n theologiae_n professoris_fw-la in_o celebri_fw-la &_o inclyta_fw-la academia_n andreapolitana_n quarto_n a_o just_a vindication_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n from_o the_o aspersion_n of_o criminal_a schism_n by_o john_n bramhal_o bishop_n of_o derry_n octavo_fw-la his_o defence_n of_o true_a liberty_n from_o anticedent_a and_o extrinsecall_a necessity_n be_v a_o answer_n to_o a_o late_a book_n of_o master_n thomas_n hobbs_n of_o malmesbury_n octavo_fw-la his_o answer_n to_o mons._n militiers_n victory_n of_o truth_n with_o militiers_n own_o epistle_n octavo_fw-la miscellanea_fw-la sacra_fw-la or_o devout_a and_o spiritual_a essay_n by_o walter_n montague_n 4o._o parthenissa_n a_o excellent_a new_a romance_n write_v by_o the_o lord_n broghill_n in_o 4_o part_n quarto_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sine_fw-la introductorium_fw-la anglico-latino-graecum_a complectens_fw-la colloquia_fw-la familiaria_fw-la aesopi_n fabulas_fw-la &_o luciani_n mortuorum_fw-la dialogos_fw-la in_o usum_fw-la scholarum_fw-la per_fw-la johannem_fw-la shirley_n octavo_fw-la de_fw-fr hibernia_n
&_o antiquitatibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la disquisitione_n authore_fw-la jacobo_fw-la waraeo_n eq._n aurato_fw-la octavo_fw-la by_o who_o also_o all_o sort_n of_o book_n bring_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v sold._n finis_fw-la the_o true_a effigy_n of_o f._n aluarez_n semedo_n procurator_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o province_n of_o japan_n &_o china_n tho_n cross_n fecit_fw-la see_v a_o large_a discourse_n of_o the_o order_n of_o this_o leaf_n and_o of_o the_o many_o virtue_n of_o the_o drink_n in_o the_o voyage_n and_o mission_n of_o alexanderd_n rhodes_n print_v at_o paris_n 1653._o 1_o part_n 13_o cap._n it_o be_v call_v also_o tay._n see_v the_o syriack_n inscription_n explain_v by_o kirkes_n in_o his_o prodrom_n copt_n cap._n 3._o pag._n 73._o see_v another_o translation_n somewhat_o differ_v from_o this_o in_o kircher_n prodrom_n copt_n cap._n 3_o pag._n 53._o the_o tartar_n be_v ancient_a enemy_n to_o china_n who_o be_v the_o tartar_n the_o tartar_n conquer_v china_n heretofore_o tamburlaine_n never_o take_v china_n the_o tartar_n emperor_n of_o china_n a_o great_a gaâ—ison_n upon_o the_o wall_n against_o the_o tartar_n a_o long_a peace_n in_o china_n the_o tartar_n think_v of_o invade_v china_n the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o tartarian_a war_n the_o second_o cause_n the_o three_o cause_n the_o first_o irruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n into_o china_n the_o tartar_n protestation_n against_o china_n the_o barbarous_a and_o superstitious_a vow_n of_o the_o tartarian_a king_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o leaoyang_n besiege_v and_o take_v a_o stratagem_n against_o musket_n many_o other_o city_n take_v how_o the_o tartar_n use_v their_o conquer_a to_n the_o tartar_n call_v himself_o emperor_n of_o china_n an._n 1618._o god_n punish_v china_n for_o their_o persecution_n of_o christian_n the_o tartar_n return_v with_o great_a riches_n the_o emperor_n vanley_n die_v taichangus_n succeed_v and_o die_v theinkins_n be_v choose_v those_o of_o corea_n more_o valiant_a than_o the_o chinese_n new_a preparation_n against_o the_o tartar_n the_o port_n of_o thiencin_n very_o commodious_a the_o valiant_a amazon_n of_o china_n the_o first_o invention_n of_o the_o christian_n to_o advance_v christianity_n the_o tartar_n be_v cast_v ouâ—_n the_o tartar_n make_v war_n again_o they_o besiege_v leaoyang_n and_o take_v it_o constancy_n reward_v by_o the_o enemy_n the_o tartar_n habit_n and_o manner_n the_o tartar_n perfidiousness_n the_o valiant_a commander_n of_o china_n the_o faithfulness_n of_o the_o commander_n in_o china_n the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o tartar_n their_o cruelty_n the_o king_n of_o china_n and_o tartary_n both_o die_v zungchinius_n choose_a emperor_n of_o china_n thienzungus_n more_o mild_a than_o his_o predecessor_n the_o soldier_n insolence_n exasperate_v the_o country_n of_o corea_n the_o tartar_n be_v bâ—ought_v into_o corea_n corea_n waste_v the_o fight_n and_o slaughter_n of_o 3._o army_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o leaotung_n be_v under_o the_o tartar_n the_o portugese_n send_n succour_n a_o crafty_a commander_n of_o the_o china_n army_n mâ—ovenlungâ—â—_n poison_v the_o king_n court_n besiege_v the_o perfidious_a general_n kill_v the_o tartarsâ—orrage_n â—orrage_z all_o the_o country_n of_o peking_n &_o depart_v the_o king_n of_o tartary_n die_v another_o succeed_v zungteus_n the_o new_a king_n of_o tartary_n prudent_a &_o mild_a mildness_n and_o gentleness_n to_o be_v use_v in_o conquer_a nation_n a_o barbarous_a principle_n of_o the_o chinese_n ignatius_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o christian_n unjust_o kill_v ignatius_n his_o fidelity_n ignatius_n his_o piety_n he_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o either_o to_o reign_v or_o to_o serve_v the_o tartar_n the_o thief_n in_o china_n a_o chief_a occasion_n of_o its_o overthrow_n several_a thief_n they_o be_v defeat_v but_o not_o vanquish_v famine_n augment_v the_o thief_n and_o the_o emperor_n his_o avarice_n the_o commander_n aspire_v to_o the_o empire_n the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a felon_n they_o vex_v several_a province_n they_o besiege_v the_o noble_a city_n caifung_a a_o unheard_a of_o famin._n the_o city_n of_o caifung_a be_v drown_v the_o general_n of_o the_o thief_n take_v the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n he_o take_v the_o country_n of_o xensi_fw-la call_v himself_o emperor_n the_o thief_n good_a government_n the_o prefect_n discord_n be_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o china_n the_o thief_n take_v the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v trouble_v the_o stratagem_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o peking_n be_v take_v the_o emperor_n have_v kill_v his_o daughter_n hang_v himself_o the_o thief_n tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n the_o tartar_n call_v into_o china_n against_o the_o thief_n the_o thief_n fly_v from_o the_o tartar_n they_o carry_v away_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o palace_n zungteus_n king_n of_o the_o tartar_n die_v the_o tartar_n refuse_v to_o depart_v china_n â—â—eir_fw-fr craft_n 〈◊〉_d deceit_n a_o great_a company_n of_o tartar_n enter_v china_n the_o tartar_n seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n xunchiis_fw-la crown_v the_o first_o emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n 〈◊〉_d china_n the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o king_n tutor_n call_v amavangus_n vsangueius_fw-la force_v to_o serve_v the_o tartar_n it_o be_v not_o know_v what_o become_v of_o licungzus_n the_o tartar_n subdue_v several_a province_n they_o change_v no_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n hungquangus_fw-la crown_v emperor_n in_o hanquin_n the_o tartar_n admit_v no_o peace_n zunchinius_n his_o son_n appear_v at_o nankue_v he_o cause_v trouble_n in_o china_n the_o flight_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o city_n yangcheu_o resist_v the_o tartar_n be_v take_v and_o burn_v the_o tartar_n take_v several_a place_n the_o emperor_n hunquangus_fw-la be_v take_v and_o kill_v the_o tartar_n run_v to_o the_o city_n hangcheu_fw-la king_n lovingus_fw-la love_n to_o his_o subject_n many_o of_o the_o king_n soldier_n drown_v hangcheu_o be_v take_v the_o chineses_n defend_v their_o hair_n the_o tartar_n pass_v the_o river_n and_o recover_v the_o city_n xaâ—king_v the_o island_n of_o cheuxan_n become_v a_o kingdom_n the_o city_n of_o kinhao_n be_v take_v and_o destroy_v the_o tartar_n take_v in_o fokien_n very_o easy_o king_n lunguus_fw-la slay_v the_o province_n of_o quamgtung_n be_v take_v a_o famous_a pirate_n in_o china_n the_o tartar_n deceive_v the_o pirate_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n by_o mere_a art_n the_o tartar_n overthrow_n quangsi_n jungley_n make_v emperor_n of_o china_n the_o heir_n to_o the_o empire_n become_v christian._n thief_n infest_v the_o province_n of_o fokien_n changus_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o tartar_n besiege_n kien_v in_o vain_a it_o be_v at_o length_n take_v and_o raze_v how_o the_o tartar_n dispose_v their_o garrison_n kinus_n governor_n of_o a_o province_n rebell_v the_o hatred_n betwixt_o the_o two_o prefect_n disturb_v the_o country_n of_o 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for_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n and_o examiner_n every_o appartament_n have_v a_o hall_n seat_n and_o tableâ—_n to_o negotiate_v and_o eat_v at_o a_o chamber_n with_o a_o bed_n and_o canopy_n of_o silk_n and_o other_o householdstuff_n proper_a to_o that_o end_n they_o be_v design_v for_o there_o be_v also_o a_o walk_n with_o little_a garden_n and_o low_a tree_n there_o be_v also_o join_v to_o these_o other_o lesser_a chamber_n for_o notary_n secretary_n page_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o their_o family_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v other_o chamber_n for_o the_o mandarines_n and_o inferior_a officer_n and_o for_o their_o ordinary_a servant_n with_o buttery_n larder_n kitchen_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n every_o thing_n be_v dispose_v and_o order_v even_o to_o admiration_n ancient_o the_o nobility_n and_o kindred_n of_o the_o king_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o any_o sort_n of_o office_n or_o public_a charge_n no_o nor_o those_o of_o they_o that_o study_v be_v allow_v to_o come_v to_o the_o examination_n to_o take_v their_o degree_n about_o 20_o year_n since_o after_o many_o earnest_a solicitation_n make_v by_o they_o and_o opposition_n by_o the_o contrary_a part_n they_o have_v the_o privilege_n grant_v they_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o all_o examination_n and_o the_o examiner_n be_v oblige_v to_o confer_v degree_n on_o some_o of_o they_o but_o not_o to_o many_o the_o common_a people_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o all_o vocation_n be_v admit_v except_o those_o that_o be_v infamous_a as_o the_o servant_n of_o the_o mandarines_n not_o their_o household_n servant_n but_o those_o which_o serve_v they_o in_o their_o tribunal_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n sergeants_n bailiff_n catchpole_n rogue_n executioner_n and_o guardian_n of_o
present_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o king_n man_n who_o they_o butcher_v in_o a_o most_o cruel_a manner_n but_o yet_o the_o water_n destroy_v more_o than_o their_o sword_n or_o arrow_n for_o many_o cast_v themselves_o headlong_o into_o the_o great_a river_n of_o cianthang_n which_o be_v a_o league_n broad_a and_o run_v near_o the_o city_n other_o leap_v and_o overcharge_v the_o boat_n in_o the_o river_n be_v present_o sink_v drown_v other_o fly_v away_o full_a of_o fear_n and_o confusion_n thrust_v one_o another_o at_o the_o river_n side_n into_o that_o unmerciful_a element_n and_o by_o all_o these_o many_o thousand_o perish_v the_o tartar_n want_v boat_n to_o pass_v this_o river_n take_v have_v thus_o expel_v or_o kill_v the_o soldiery_n they_o return_v triumphant_a to_o the_o city_n where_o they_o use_v neither_o force_n nor_o violence_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o noble_a city_n be_v conserve_v who_o beauty_n greatness_n and_o riches_n i_o hope_v to_o describe_v elsewhere_o not_o by_o hear-say_n but_o by_o what_o i_o see_v in_o the_o three_o year_n space_n i_o live_v in_o it_o from_o which_o i_o late_o come_v into_o europe_n this_o city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la have_v a_o artificial_a channel_n or_o dike_n to_o pass_v by_o water_n to_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n this_o channel_n be_v only_o separate_v by_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o way_n like_o a_o causeway_n from_o the_o river_n which_o as_o i_o say_v run_v on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o city_n the_o tartar_n therefore_o draw_v many_o boat_n out_o of_o this_o channel_n over_o the_o causeway_n into_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o boat_n they_o pass_v the_o river_n without_o resistance_n and_o find_v the_o fair_a city_n in_o all_o china_n call_v xaok_v prone_a enough_o to_o submit_v to_o their_o victorious_a arm_n this_o city_n in_o bigness_n yield_v to_o many_o other_o but_o in_o cleanness_n and_o comeliness_n it_o surpass_v all_o it_o be_v so_o environ_v with_o sweet_a water_n as_o a_o man_n may_v contemplate_v its_o beauty_n by_o round_v it_o in_o a_o boat_n it_o have_v large_a and_o fair_a street_n pave_v on_o both_o side_n with_o white_a square_a stone_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o all_o run_v a_o navigable_a channel_n who_o side_n be_v garnish_v with_o the_o like_a ornament_n and_o of_o the_o same_o stone_n there_o be_v also_o build_v many_o fair_n bridge_n and_o triumphant_a arch_n the_o house_n also_o which_o i_o observe_v not_o where_o else_o in_o china_n be_v build_v of_o the_o same_o square_a stone_n so_o as_o in_o a_o word_n i_o see_v nothing_o neat_a in_o all_o china_n they_o take_v this_o town_n without_o any_o resistance_n and_o so_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o southern_a town_n of_o this_o povince_n of_o chekiang_n but_o when_o they_o command_v all_o by_o proclamation_n to_o cut_v off_o their_o hair_n hair_n than_o both_o soldier_n and_o citizen_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o fight_v more_o desperate_o for_o their_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n than_o they_o do_v for_o king_n or_o kingdom_n and_o beat_v the_o tartar_n not_o only_o out_o of_o their_o city_n but_o repulse_v they_o to_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi nay_o force_v they_o to_o pass_v the_o river_n kill_v very_o many_o of_o they_o in_o truth_n have_v they_o pass_v the_o river_n they_o may_v have_v recover_v the_o metropolis_n with_o the_o other_o town_n but_o they_o pursue_v their_o victory_n no_o further_o be_v sufficient_o content_v that_o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o hair_n resist_v they_o only_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o there_o fortify_v themselves_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o conquer_a arm_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v repress_v for_o a_o whole_a year_n but_o the_o chinois_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o head_n choose_v lu._n regulus_n of_o the_o taimingian_n family_n for_o their_o emperor_n who_o will_v not_o accept_v thereof_o but_o will_v be_v only_o style_v the_o restorer_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tartar_n have_v send_v for_o new_a force_n out_o of_o peking_n with_o which_o they_o leave_v never_o a_o stone_n unturned_a that_o they_o may_v get_v over_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi but_o all_o be_v in_o vain_a the_o droop_a affair_n therefore_o of_o the_o chinois_n now_o breathe_v again_o nay_o have_v gather_v together_o more_o force_n they_o promise_v themselves_o great_a victory_n but_o the_o ambition_n and_o emulation_n of_o rull_v frustrate_v all_o their_o hope_n for_o the_o commander_n and_o precedent_n which_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o chekian_n into_o the_o country_n of_o fokien_n carry_v with_o they_o one_o of_o taiminga_n family_n call_v thangus_fw-la and_o this_o man_n they_o choose_v king_n in_o the_o country_n of_o fokien_n which_o confine_n with_o chekiang_n this_o prince_n pretend_v that_o the_o king_n call_v lu._n shall_v yield_v up_o his_o right_n to_o he_o both_o because_o he_o have_v but_o a_o few_o city_n under_o he_o and_o also_o because_o he_o be_v further_o remove_v from_o the_o imperial_a race_n than_o he_o be_v but_o king_n lu._n pretend_v he_o be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o army_n before_o he_o and_o fail_v not_o to_o set_v forth_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o tartar_n by_o which_o two_o contention_n the_o tartar_n keep_v the_o crown_n for_o these_o two_o royalet_n will_v never_o yield_v to_o one_o another_o nor_o so_o unite_v their_o army_n as_o joint_o to_o repress_v the_o tartar_n since_o therefore_o this_o petty_a king_n lu._n have_v only_o eight_o city_n under_o his_o command_n who_o contribution_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o necessary_a pay_n of_o his_o army_n he_o never_o dare_v venture_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n but_o endeavour_v only_o to_o defend_v himself_o but_o the_o tartar_n seek_v all_o mean_n possible_o to_o get_v over_o this_o river_n yet_o they_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o pass_v in_o boat_n because_o king_n lu._n have_v many_o ship_n and_o good_a store_n of_o artillery_n which_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o sea_n but_o the_o tartar_n felicity_n and_o prosperous_a fortune_n overcome_v this_o difficulty_n for_o as_o it_o happen_v that_o year_n be_v dry_a than_o ordinary_a this_o river_n towards_o the_o south_n where_o it_o run_v betwixt_o high_a mountain_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o sea_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o depth_n xaâ—king_v and_o here_o the_o tartar_n horse_n find_v it_o passable_a and_o because_o the_o rudeness_n of_o those_o mountain_n seem_v a_o sufficient_a guard_n to_o the_o country_n they_o find_v no_o soldier_n to_o resist_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o clown_n espy_v twenty_o of_o their_o horse_n to_o have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o present_o advertise_v the_o army_n and_o they_o all_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n king_n lu._n himself_o leave_v the_o city_n xaok_v and_o not_o dare_v to_o trust_v himself_o to_o the_o continent_n he_o take_v ship_n and_o fail_v to_o the_o island_n call_v cheuxan_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o city_n of_o nimpus_fw-la where_o he_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n safe_a and_o keep_v still_o his_o regal_a dignity_n kingdom_n which_o island_n be_v heretofore_o only_o a_o retreit_n for_o fisheman_n and_o some_o clown_n now_o be_v become_v a_o potent_a kingdom_n by_o reason_n that_o many_o fly_n from_o china_n to_o this_o king_n lu._n as_o to_o their_o sanctuary_n to_o conserve_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o hair_n in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v now_o find_v three_o score_n and_o ten_o city_n with_o a_o strong_a and_o formidable_a army_n which_o hitherto_o have_v contemn_v all_o the_o tartarian_a power_n and_o force_n and_o watch_v for_o some_o happy_a occasion_n to_o advance_v again_o their_o kingdom_n in_o china_n but_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o tartar_n take_v all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o the_o county_n of_o chekiang_n into_o their_o dominion_n one_o only_a city_n of_o kinhoa_n who_o precedent_n be_v aswell_o a_o native_a of_o the_o place_n as_o also_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a and_o my_o very_a singular_a friend_n sustain_v the_o tartar_n assault_n for_o some_o month_n but_o to_o the_o end_n the_o resistance_n of_o this_o city_n shall_v not_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o course_n of_o their_o victory_n the_o tartar_n divide_v their_o army_n into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o part_n march_v by_o the_o city_n kiucheu_o and_o the_o mountain_n the_o second_o by_o the_o city_n vencheu_o and_o the_o sea_n shore_n destroy_v into_o the_o province_n of_o fâ—kien_n and_o the_o three_o obstinate_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o kinhoa_n at_o which_o time_n i_o by_o leave_n from_o the_o emperor_n longuvus_fw-la reside_v in_o henxus_fw-la a_o city_n subject_a to_o that_o of_o venchen_n which_o present_o after_o be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o
great_a force_n than_o indeed_o he_o have_v he_o join_v to_o his_o army_n a_o company_n of_o dull_a head_a clown_n by_o which_o mean_v he_o make_v up_o a_o body_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n see_v such_o a_o army_n as_o appear_v believe_v they_o all_o to_o be_v soldier_n and_o lest_o his_o citizen_n shall_v join_v with_o they_o he_o think_v again_o of_o cut_v all_o their_o throat_n but_o his_o friend_n ever_o diverâ—ed_v he_o from_o this_o outrageous_a cruelty_n and_o it_o divert_v he_o from_o such_o horrid_a project_n when_o he_o walk_v upon_o the_o wall_n see_v the_o chineses_n under_o his_o colour_n fight_v so_o valiant_o against_o house_n for_o when_o he_o see_v this_o he_o use_v to_o cry_v out_o in_o their_o language_n ho_o manzu_n as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v o_o good_a barbarian_n for_o so_o the_o tartar_n call_v the_o chinaes_n as_o conquer_a nation_n use_v to_o expose_v the_o conquer_a to_o scorn_n and_o derision_n and_o he_o crown_v this_o scoff_n with_o these_o word_n mauzaxa_n manzâ—_n as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v let_v the_o barbarous_a kill_v the_o barbarous_a and_o when_o they_o return_v victorious_a he_o do_v not_o only_o praise_v they_o but_o give_v they_o money_n and_o other_o precious_a reward_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o public_a view_n upon_o the_o wall_n to_o animate_v they_o to_o high_a and_o generous_a exploit_n so_o as_o house_n find_v no_o body_n stir_v in_o the_o city_n as_o he_o expect_v can_v do_v nothing_o beside_o there_o come_v new_a succour_n to_o the_o tartarian_a army_n which_o when_o hoâ—â—_n understand_v by_o his_o spy_n he_o present_o retire_v but_o yet_o this_o flight_n do_v not_o serve_v his_o turn_n nor_o can_v he_o whole_o escape_v the_o tartar_n hand_n for_o the_o horseman_n pursue_v they_o fall_v upon_o the_o rear_n and_o 〈◊〉_d many_o câ—â—rying_v away_o great_a store_n of_o riches_n which_o the_o commander_n distribute_v in_o such_o proportion_n as_o he_o give_v most_o to_o such_o as_o be_v wound_v what_o become_v of_o house_n after_o this_o action_n be_v unknown_a and_o therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o these_o northern_a revolt_n produce_v no_o other_o effect_n but_o the_o spoil_n rapine_n and_o plunder_n of_o all_o those_o quarter_n as_o it_o have_v produce_v the_o like_a in_o the_o southern_a part_n the_o tartar_n have_v happy_o overcome_v all_o difficulty_n hitherto_o fall_v into_o another_o by_o their_o own_o insolency_n danger_n from_o the_o year_n mdcxlix_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v now_o grow_v up_o to_o man_n estate_n desire_v to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tayngu_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n hope_v by_o this_o match_n to_o conserve_v the_o friendship_n of_o he_o who_o force_n he_o fear_v for_o this_o end_n he_o send_v his_o uncle_n to_o he_o who_o be_v king_n of_o punang_n this_o prince_n pass_v by_o the_o impregnable_a city_n of_o tartung_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o last_o city_n towards_o the_o north_n so_o also_o it_o be_v the_o key_n and_o bulwark_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la against_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o western_a tartar_n for_o it_o command_v all_o the_o soldier_n which_o keep_v the_o many_o fortification_n of_o those_o quarter_n where_o a_o fair_a level_n down_o extend_v itself_o beyond_o that_o famous_a wall_z i_o mention_v heretofore_o give_v a_o fit_a occasion_n for_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o woman_n of_o this_o city_n be_v hold_v the_o most_o beautiful_a of_o all_o china_n and_o therefore_o it_o happen_v that_o some_o of_o the_o ambassador_n follower_n do_v ravish_v some_o of_o they_o and_o also_o carry_v away_o by_o a_o rape_n a_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o she_o be_v carry_v home_o to_o her_o spouse_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n never_o hear_v of_o heretofore_o among_o the_o chinesâ—s_n the_o people_n have_v recourse_n for_o these_o injury_n to_o kiangus_n who_o govern_v those_o quarter_n for_o the_o tartar_n who_o hear_v of_o this_o gross_a abuse_n send_v to_o that_o petty_a prince_n pavang_n to_o demand_v the_o new_a marry_a lady_n to_o be_v restore_v and_o to_o desire_v he_o to_o prevent_v future_a disorder_n in_o that_o nature_n but_o he_o give_v a_o very_a slight_a ear_n to_o such_o complaint_n and_o therefore_o kiangus_n himself_o go_v unto_o he_o who_o be_v not_o only_o slight_v but_o even_o cast_v out_o of_o the_o palace_n tartar_n his_o anger_n be_v quick_o turn_v into_o rage_n which_o make_v he_o resolve_v to_o revenge_v that_o injury_n by_o the_o tartar_n blood_n he_o therefore_o muster_n up_o his_o soldier_n and_o present_o fall_v on_o the_o tartar_n kill_v all_o he_o can_v encounter_v the_o ambassador_n himself_o be_v let_v down_o by_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n hardly_o escape_v by_o swift_a 〈◊〉_d then_o kiangus_n display_v a_o banner_n wherein_o he_o declare_v himself_o a_o subject_a to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o name_v no_o emperor_n in_o particular_a because_o perchance_o he_o have_v hear_v nothing_o of_o the_o emperor_n jungâ—â—y_n by_o reason_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n but_o however_o he_o invite_v all_o the_o chinese_n to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n force_n and_o to_o expel_v the_o tartar_n and_o many_o captain_n as_o well_o as_o soldier_n come_v into_o himâ—_n 〈◊〉_d even_o the_o very_a western_a tartar_n against_o who_o he_o have_v ever_o both_o arm_n be_v promise_v great_a reward_n send_v he_o the_o force_n which_o he_o demand_v this_o accident_n extreme_o trouble_v the_o court_n for_o they_o know_v well_o that_o the_o western_a tartar_n do_v both_o aspire_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n and_o also_o be_v envious_a at_o their_o prosperous_a course_n of_o fortune_n they_o also_o know_v that_o they_o be_v more_o abundant_a in_o man_n and_o horse_n than_o they_o be_v for_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v they_o buy_v all_o their_o best_a horse_n and_o they_o fear_v that_o now_o they_o shall_v have_v no_o more_o and_o therefore_o they_o resolve_v to_o send_v present_o a_o good_a strong_a be_v my_o against_o he_o before_o he_o shall_v gather_v a_o great_a strength_n but_o 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v as_o crafty_a as_o valiant_a and_o one_o who_o by_o long_a experience_n know_v how_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o tartar_n first_o feign_v to_o fly_v with_o his_o army_n but_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d he_o place_v very_o many_o cart_n and_o wagon_n which_o be_v all_o cover_v very_o careful_o as_o if_o they_o have_v carry_v the_o rich_a treasure_n they_o possess_v but_o in_o real_a truth_n they_o carry_v nothing_o but_o many_o great_a and_o lesser_a piece_n of_o artillery_n with_o their_o mouth_n turn_v upon_o the_o enemy_n all_o which_o the_o tartar_n perceive_v present_o pursue_v they_o fight_v without_o any_o order_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o prey_n with_o great_a aviditie_n but_o those_o that_o accompany_v the_o wagon_n fire_v the_o artillery_n again_o take_v off_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o army_n and_o withal_o kiangus_n wheel_v about_o come_v up_o upon_o they_o and_o make_v a_o strange_a carnage_n among_o they_o and_o after_o this_o he_o show_v himself_o no_o less_o admirable_a in_o stratagem_n than_o in_o fortitude_n and_o courage_n when_o he_o fight_v a_o set_v pitch_a field_n with_o a_o new_a recruit_v army_n of_o the_o tartar_n in_o which_o he_o obtain_v so_o noble_a and_o renown_v a_o victory_n that_o he_o fill_v all_o the_o court_n at_o peking_n with_o fear_n and_o tremble_a for_o by_o this_o mean_n victorious_a kiangus_n have_v gather_v so_o vast_a a_o army_n as_o he_o count_v no_o less_o than_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o horse_n and_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n all_o man_n have_v recourse_n to_o he_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o tartarian_a army_n and_o therefore_o amavangus_n tutor_n to_o the_o emperor_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o commit_v this_o business_n to_o any_o other_o resolve_v himself_o to_o go_v against_o kiangus_n and_o try_v the_o last_o turn_n of_o fortune_n for_o the_o tartar_n kiangus_n he_o therefore_o draw_v out_o all_o the_o eight_o colour_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a force_n that_o be_v then_o in_o peking_n for_o under_o these_o eight_o colour_n be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n whether_o they_o be_v native_n or_o tartar_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v white_a call_v the_o imperial_a banner_n the_o second_o be_v red_a the_o three_o be_v black_a the_o four_o be_v yellow_a and_o these_o three_o last_o be_v govern_v and_o command_v by_o the_o uncle_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o the_o first_o be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o these_o four_o colour_n by_o several_a mixture_n they_o frame_v four_o more_o so_o as_o every_o soldier_n know_v his_o own_o colour_n and_o to_o what_o part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o repair_v