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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19936	A true relation of the travailes and most miserable captiuitie of William Dauies, barber-surgion of London, vnder the Duke of Florence VVherein is truly set downe the manner of his taking, the long time of his slauierie, and meanes of his deliuerie, after eight yeeres, and ten moneths captiuitie in the gallies. Discouering many manye landes, ilandes, riuers, cities, and townes, of the Christians and infidels, the condition of the people, and the manner of their countrey: with many more strange things, as in the booke is briefely and plainely expressed. By William Dauies, barber-surgion of London, and borne in the citie of Hereford.	Davies, William, barber-surgion of London.	1614 (1614)	STC 6365; ESTC S109386	26,244	42

Bread or Salt or any kinde of drinke but Water and Tobacco neither doe they know what it meanes In these Countries we could finde neither Gold nor Siluer Dare but great store of Hennes For I haue bought a couple for a Jewes Harpe when they would refuse ten shillings in mo●ey This Countrey is full of delicious fruit as ●ynes Plantins Euaues and Potato rootes of which fruits and rootes I would haue bought a mans burthen for a glasse Button or Bead. The manner of their lodging is this they haue a kinde of net made of the rinde of a Tree which they ●●ll Haem●c being thrée fadome in length and two in breadth and gathered at both ends at length then fastning eyther end to a Trée to the full length about a yard and halfe from the ground when he hath desire to sléepe hée créepes vnto it The King of euery Riuer is knowne by this manner He wear●s vpon his head a Crowne of Parats feathers of seue●al●●●o●●s hauing eyther about his middle or about his necke ● chaine of Lyons teeth or clawes or of some other strange ●●a●● hauing a woo●●en sword in his hand and hereby is he knowne to be the King Oftentimes one King warres against another in their Canowes which are Boats cut out of a whole Trée and sometimes taking one another the Conquerers eates the Captines By this time ten wéeks were spent and being homewards bound but not the same way that we came for we sayled vnto the Riuer before the winde because it blowes there continually one way which forces all ships that come thither to returns by a contrary way VII The Description and discouery of Malta MAlta is a small Iland very famous hauing two Cities vpon it called Terra-noua and Terra-vecha being s●ituate very néere one another This Iland is gouerned by a great Master who acknowledgeth no Superiour vpon earth but the Pope to be Supreame head of the Church The great Master liues in Terra-noua which is a great Citie lying close vpon the Sea marueilous strongly fortified and planted with Ordnance the like is not in Christendom for the Turke hath oftentimes sought to take it with two or thrée hundred sayle of Gallies at a time but yet was neuer able to take any part of it To this Iland doth there belong Gallies though they be but few to the number of sixe or eight sayle and also shipping wherewith they doe much offend the Turke taking of them very often and making them slaues In this Iland they hold the Romish Religion both men and women their women are altogether lasciuious and lewdly giuen but there men are valiant Gentlemen and worthy men at armes they are of all Nations of Christendome speaking generally all languages also they haue an ancient order of Knighthood sworne by the Crosse of Saint Iohn which is a forked white Crosse which they weare vpon their breasts to be knowne to be C●u●liers and Knights of Malta The manner of their Oath of Knighthood is this that they shall neuer marry by reason they shall neuer haue Children legitimate for there are many Lords and Noble men sent thither by their Uncles to be Knighted because they shall neuer marry whereby after his death his lands shall come to his Uncles issue yet they are suffered to haue as many whores as they will Another part of their oath is this A Knight of Malta is sworne not to stand in place where two thrée or foure are vpon one in fight but to take the weaker part to fight to the last They are all of bold courage being to the number of fiue thousand or there abouts in Malta and other Christian places another part of their oaths is this by Land or Sea whether it be in ship or Gally they are sworne to incounter their aduersaries though they be thrée to one and neuer to yéeld or slip away for they are sworne to fight it to the last mans death The which oath they performe very couragiously for they are Gentlemen of very great respect neyther will they euer fall out amongst themselues being forbidden by another part of their oath As for their maintenance the poorer sort haue a pention from the great master which maintains him very gallant and the richer sort liue vpon their owne charge One thing there is strange in that Iland those that are borne without the cities speak altogether the Morisco tongue being altogether like Moores This Iland is very plentifull and fruitful of all things especially Wine Corne Fish Flesh and Fruits These Knights are very mercifull hauing their aduersaries prostrate greatly regarding their Oath VIII The Description and discouery of Cyprus CYprus is a famous Iland of the Turks hauing two Cities and many Townes vpon it The chiefest Citie vpon it is Famagosta this Citie lies close vpon the Sea in low ground being very strongly fortified walled about and gouerned by Turkes holding their owne Religion belieuing and confessing God the Father and their Prophet Mahomet doing all things contrary to a Christian yet though they doe not acknowledge Christ to be the Son of God and a God yet they say he is the breath of God and by the Jewes put to death but they doe not beléeue that he is risen again They hate a Jew aboue any nation euen as they do the diuel neither do they care to kill him no more then they doe a dog oftentimes killing them in the very stréets vpon the least occasion if it be but for touching his garment as he passeth by him yet their liues many Jewes in all parts of the Turkes dominions but in this manner They will suffer neither man woman nor childe to plucke vp their shoes on their héele if they be Jewes but goe alwaies slipsh●d and barelegd wearing a blacke cap vpon his head and carrying of a buckram sack vpon his shoulders empty to shew that he is a Jew a slaue to the world In this Iland of Cyprus without the Cities and Towns the Countrey is inhabited by Greeks liuing vassals to the Turks paying to the Turke the tenth of all that they possesse euen to the tenth of their children if they amount to that number and that tenth childe is Circumciled and made a Turke receiuing an Osper a day from the great Turke for the first yéers and for the second two and for the third thrée per diem and so his pay increaseth an Osper yéerely as he groweth in yéeres for he is chosen from his infancy to be a Souldier of the great Turkes and so shall all his male children receiue the like pay and be Souldiers to the Turke their garments being welt●d about the necke with a welt of purple silk wherby they are known from others This Osper is the eleueuth of a shilling English So that at twentie yéeres of age he serues in the field his pay being worth ninteen pence a day and so increasing with his yeeres This Iland of Cyprus is very fruitfull

famous 8 Cyprus A famous Iland of the Turkes 9 S●●●l●ia A famous Iland of the Spaniards 10 Muggadore An Iland of the Moores 11 Candy A famous Iland of the Italians 12 Morria An Iland of the Indians The Trauailes and miserable Captiuitie of William Dauies Barber-Surgion of LONDON I Departed out of England the 28. of Ianuarie 1597. in the good ship named the Francis of Saltash in the countie of of Cornwell Master Tyball Geare Owner and William Lewellyn Master of her being laden with Fish and Herings and such like commodities then bound for the Strayts and to arriue at Ciuita de Vecchia to the will and pleasure of God where we arriued the sixt day of March insuing whose description followeth by me William Dauies Barber-Surgion of London and borne in the Citie of Heriford I. The Description of Ciuita de Vecchia CIuita de Vecchia is an ancient Citie of the Popes lying in low ground a dayes iourney from Rome by land this City lieth close vpon the Sea very strongly fortified and planted with Ordinance to the East side a strong Castle or Fort And also the like vpon the West side in this place the Popes Gallies lie and shipping For there is a harbour and fayre mould for their safetie For the Pope hath no other place for Ships or Gallies but Rome and there none will come vp but small Barkes and Boates and such like by reason of the shallownesse of the Riuer In this Ciuita de Vecchia are altogether Romanes wholly professing the Romish Religion saying directly that the Pope is God an earth and that he can forgiue any sinne whatsoeuer being committed which makes the most part of them or all runne desperately into most deadly sinnes For very Murther they hold it no great sinne being committed receiuing of the Popes pardon or else getting into some Monasterie where they may be confessed and absolued whereby no Law can take hold of them at their comming forth being apt and readie within a wéeke or fortnight after to commit the like Murther then receiuing the like pardon or absolution as before they had done and thus many bloodie minded men continue their life-time for it is an easie matter for a man to haue his aduersarie kild or poysoned for money although his executioner neuer sée him till such time as he committeth this bloudie déed being hired by another Also in this Countrey their women are very lewde and wicked for euen in that ancient Citie of Rome there are many thousands of lewd liuing women that pay monethly vnto the Pope for the sinnefull vse of their wicked bodies some pay sixe Crownes a moneth and so from sixe Crownes to one for they are rated according to their outward shew and for the no●-payment of this monethly pay they shall haue their goods strained and carried out of their houses or chambers by the Popes officers and kept from them till such time as satisfaction is made to the Pope So it is lawfull for any man to vse any of these women as his owne wife neither shall he be molested or troubled or otherwise indangered so he escape secret occasions of danger for this woman will be as dutifull vnto him as his seruant alwaies attending his pleasure for his diet or any thing else belonging vnto him he giuing her content with his purse but she not receiuing content may as lawfully arrest him and cast him into prison till such time as she doth receiue satisfaction being recouered by Law for they hold their liuings by the Pope Now as I haue spoken of two deadly sinnes wherein they excéed so will I speake of one thing wherein some of them are to be commended that is this If there be any Christian of what Nation soeuer poore and in distresse making his case knowne and asking for Christs sake he shall be relieued with all those necessaries whereof he is destitute as apparrell meat and drinke and some money though it be but little if he be sicke then shall he be put into an Hospitall where he shall be cho●sely attended vpon hauing good lodging dai●tie diet and comfortable Phisicke for the r●storing of his health whether he be Papist or Protestant but if he be a Papist he shall be the better vsed and if he be a Protestant they will vse all meanes they can to conuert him but force him to nothing at all In these Countries it is dangerous for an Englishman being a Protestant to speake any thing against the Pope or his Religion especially vnto another Englishman that is a Papist yet this English Papist will séeke all the meanes possible to intrappe the Protestant and will speake ill words of himselfe to draw him to the like but when he hath made him vtter the secrets of his heart then will he make it knowne and more then the Protestant spake to some chiefe man of a Church by whom he shall be forced to alter his Religion or to be burned or put in some secret prison where he shall be starued to death and this is the manner and fashion in all Countries of Christendome within the Popes Jurisdiction not onely of the treacherie of the English Papists but also of the other deadly sinnes which I touched before as their murther and adultry and in like manner of their generall compassion to a distressed Christian What I haue héere written I speake not of heare-say nor by imaignation but directly haue séene and of mine owne knowledge you may speake it being too long a time amongst them against my will II. The Description and discouery of Argeir ARgeir is a maruellous strong Citie and gouerned by the Turk lying vpon the side of an vpright hill close vpon the Sea this Citie is very strongly fortified with Castels Forts and platformes with great store of Ordinance planted about it also there are many Gallies belonging to this place which doe much offend the Christians in taking of their ships Tartanes and Satties and other small vessels making all the Christians that they take slaues selling of them in their markets like horses for according to age and strength they are prised This Citie is gouerned by a King being vassall to the great Turke Also there are great store of Janizaries in it to the number of 20. or 30000. at one time these Ianizaries are chiefe Souldiers and gouerned by a Dane which is a generall vnder the great Turke These Turks are goodly people of parson and of a very faire complexion but very villains in minde for they are altogether Sodomites and doe all things contrarie to a Christian For they doe neuer lye in a bed nor féede vpon a Table yet their féeding and diet is very plentifull their bedding and apparrell is very neat and costly the manner of their lodging is thus There is a very faire table in a roome about thrée yards in breadth and as many in length standing in height one yard from the ground and thereon they vse to spread a

the bignesse of a little Towne continuing there till such time as their Cattell haue eaten vp the grasse and then being able to stay there no longer they remooue to another place where they liue as before they had done and thus they doe spend their liues By reason the Countrey is continually hotte their féeding is plentifull but their apparrell poore and bare neyther haue they any but what they buy with the increase of their Cattell carrying them often to the Townes Cities and Market places néere where they haue sale for them These Moores are very ingenious people cunning and treacherous Now leaue we Tunys in the same Ship that I came out of England in named the Francis of Sal●ash being bound to Syo within the Arches of Archipelago and fraighted with Turkish goods by Turkes and some Turks aboord with vs for wée traded as well with the Turke as the Christian but we had not sailed aboue foure leagues out of our Port in the night season but that we were most fiercely set vpon by sixe of the Duke of Florence his Gallies who being in continuall warre with the Turke tooke vs as a Turkish prize which spit fire like diue●s to our great discomfort but at length couraging of our selues in Gods mercies we continued fight with them to the losse of many a mans life of each fide but all in vaine for vs for they were fortie for one of vs and our Sip torne downe to the water with their Ordinance our mayne Mast and missen Mast shot by the boord the ●●e end of the Mast with all the sayles lying in the Sea the other end aboord thus were we taken and stript euery man starke naked and then were we distributed some into one Gallie and some into another where we had as many Irons knocked vpon vs and more than then we were able to beare Our Ship presently sent to Ligorne being mended as well as they could but we in the Gallies continued a moneth before we came thither to the losse of many of our liues but at length comming thither as many of vs as were left aliue were thus intertained We w●re all shauen both head and beard and euery man had giuen him a red coate and a red cap telling of vs that the Duke had made vs all Slaues to our great woe and griefe where I continued eight yéeres and ten moneths in this slauerie as in the next discouerie shall be truly spoken of IIII. The Description and discouery of Ligorne LIgorne is a Citie of the Duke of Florence and lyeth in low ground hauing many towers without it standing in the Sea also to this Towne doth belong a wilde road and two very faire moulds for the safetie of the Dukes Gallies In the entrance of these moulds is a very strong Castle with great store of Ordnance planted also the Towne is very strongly fortified for it is the chiefe garrison of the great Dukes where is continually great store of Souldiers in pay Which Souldiers are alwaies imployed in his shipping or Gallies wherewith he doth more offend the Turke then all Christendome for they doe take Gallies and Carmizals and Brigantéens and Townes of the Turkes and Moores possessing of Men Women and Children and selling them in Markets like to Horses Cowes or Shéepe reseruing the strongest for his owne flauery In this place I liued eight yéeres and ten moneths thrée yéeres of this time I liued in this manner from Sunne rising to Sunne set chained in a Cart like a horse receiuing more blowes then any Cart-horse in England our diet being Bread and Water and not so much Bread in thrée daies as we might haue eaten at once thus we were vsed to goe fortie or fiftie Carts together being all slaues our lading would be Sand or Lyme or Bricke or some such like and to draw it whither the Officers appointed vs for their buildings These Italians are very deceitfull people for when they laugh in a mans face they will séeke to kill him yet they are very cowards being naturall Italians their women are altogether wicked and lewde Thrée yéeres being spent in this manner all we English men were called as many as were left aliue making choise of the ablest of vs to goe into the Gallies of which I was one chosen then did my miserie increase many-fold for then I was made a Gally slaue to row at an Oare where our former diet lessened but blowes increased to the losse of many of our liues We were shauen Head and Beard euery eight or tenth day being alwaies naked but onely a payre of linnen bréeches and chaines continually In this time I was at the taking of many a Towne and Gally of the Turkes though sore against my will séeing of many Cities Ilands and mayne Lands in the time of my slauerie where I continued sixe yéeres a Gally-slaue finding in all this time much comfort and reliefe from English Marchants that were Protestants and also from many English Masters and owners of Ships But from English men being Papists none at all The miserie of the Gallies doth surpasse any mans iudgement or imagination neyther would any man thinke that such torture or torment were vsed in the world but onely they that féele it the extreamitie of miserie causeth many a slaue to kill themselues or else séeke to kill their Officers but we were not suffered to haue so much as a knife about vs yea if we had gotten one by any extraordinarie meanes and offered any violence to any Officer we should presently haue lost our nose and eares and receiued a hundred blowes en our bare backe and a hundred on our belly with a double rope or a Buls pis●e continuing a slaue still But I intreated the Almightie God to grant me grace that I might indure it patiently that féeling that extreamitie in bodie in this world how farre would the torments of hell haue surpassed and excéeded it if I had in this my earthly torture béene accessary to mine owne death as many were But at length God of his great goodnesse and mercy deliuered me according to my hope in this manner The great Duke fitted a ship a Tartane and a Frigot being very well appointed and victualled dispesing of them into the West Indies and chiefely for the Kiuer of the Amazons appointing Captaine Robert Thornton an Englishman to be chiefe Commaunder of the Ship the Tartane and the Frigot so likewise was euery other Officer appointed by the Duke himselfe insomuch as speaking of the placing of a Phisition a Surgion and a Surgions mate Captaine Thornton standing by said your Highnesse may doe well to deliuer a poore Englishman that hath continued a great while in your Gallies hée is well experimanted in P●●sicka and Surgery by reason of his long practise both by Sea an Land he is hardned to the Sea and able to discharge the place better then the thrée before mentioned for in the Gallies he doth your Highnes but the

hauing great store of silke wo●mes which yéeldeth them abundance of Silke Also this Iland yéelds great store of fruits of all sorts and store of Cattell of all sorts Thrée sorts of Beasts this Iland yeeldes which differ farre from ours in England that is to say a Bu●fella differs from an Ore their Cammels from our Horses and their Sheepe from ours The Bu●fella is a Beast after the manner of an Ore but that hée is bigger and not so high nor so long as the tallest of our Oxen yet one of them is as strong as thrée of our Oxen for two of them doe the labour of sixe Oxen their hornes are flat and at mid-day when they vse to rest them they take them and turne them into a water where they will stand for the space of two houres couered quite ouer the backes in water then will they yoke them and worke them as fresh till night as they did in the Morning without any bayting at all Their Cammels is a meruailous tall beast hauing a necke twise as long as a Horse and a great bunch growing about the middle of his backe as bigge as a pecke hée is clouen footed and his tayle little and for his strength he will carry as much on his backe as foure horses and continue with his carriage on his backe thréescore houres without meat or rest I haue séene foure thousand of them laden at one time with Merchandise going a very slow pace and nothing so fast as a Carriers horse yet will they continue that pace two dayes and two nights together without any eating or drinking and when they doe rest and féede it is but slender and verie little in this manner when they come to their resting place they lye downe with their lading vpon their backes Then the Moores or Turkes put a Ball made of Date stones beaten into euery one of their mouthes the pouder of the stones being compounded with Linséede Oyle and the white of Egges which makes the Balls as hard as Stones and thus they will liue and continue their trauaile sixtéene dayes and nights together receiuing the said rest and reliefe at euery two dayes end Their Shéepe are twise as bigge as ours in England but in all fashions like our Shéepe except the tayle for their tayles are meruailous great broad and thicke being very fat for I haue weighed many of their tayles flayed from the Butchers and they haue waighed ten eleuen and twelue pound waight and throughout all Barbarie and Turkie they haue plenty of these beasts and also all kind of beasts that we haue in England There liue many Gréekes in all parts throughout the Turkes Dominions but in great bondage and pouertie they are good Christians abhorring the Idolatry of Rome and obseruing the same computation for Christmasse and other festiuals that we doe in England Also there are Jewes in all parts of Turkie and Barbary and all parts of Christendome England excepted yet though they be thus dispersed throughout most parts of the world liuing in extreame slauery yet shall you not see one Jew begge his bread One thing I haue greatly maruelled at that a Jew is respected more in Christendome then with the Turks for the Turks as you haue heard detests him aboue any Nation tying him to a notable and knowne marke or manner of apparrell and yeelding him no Law or right eyther against Turke or Christian whereas contrarywise in Christendome he is tyed to no manner of weare but may goe in what shape he lists and for Law by reason of his wealth hee shall sooner haue right done to him then a Christian wherefore in my minde the Turke greatly in this condemnes the Popish Christian for it is an ordinary saying with them tha● if a Jew had put Mahomet to death nay but touched the hem of his garment violently they would not haue left one of the race of them aliue nor yet any thing or building vnraced that might procure their memory But in Christendome they are suffered to build Sinagogues and to vse their Religion publikely But I beseech the Almightie God that this our Land of England may neuer be defiled eyther by Pope Turke or Jew IX The Description and discouery of Sicillia SIcillia is a famous Iland of the Spaniards hauing many worthie Cities vpon it This Iland is in bignesse seauen hundred miles about very fruitfull and plentifull of all things as Silke Flesh and Fish Corne Wine and Oyle with great store of Fruit. This Iland is gouerned by a Vizeroy vnder the king of Spaine his chiefs abiding is at Palerm● or Mercina two famous Cittes but his chiefest residence is at Palerma This City lyeth in low ground hauing a Mountaine néere it called Monta Pellagrune This Citie is very populous being rich of Marchandize and wealthy Marchants At this Citie I haue beene very often in the time of my sla●●●te in the Dukes Gallies Also néere this Citie there is a Towne called Trappany in which Towne there is a Monastarie wherein they affirme that the Pillar of Salt that Lots Wise was turned vnto comming out of Sodome is They professe the Romish Religion through out this Iland both men and Women speaking the Italian tongue generally as many as be borne in the Iland and are called Sicillianes Mercina being another famous Citie lyeth close vpon the Sea and is scituated vpon high ground vnder the foote of a great Mountayne This City is strongly fortified and planted with O●●●●nce also there is great store of Gallies and Shipping belonging to this place which doth much offend the Turke ●●t chiefely they are employed in Marchandiye This high Mountayne that hangs ouer the Citie is called Mungebella and standeth in the East-part of this Iland the top of it burning continually both night and day and by reason of the fiercenesse of the fire hath consumed many Uillages The reason of this fire is a Brimstone or a Sulphure Mine which being high is as all men imagine set a fire by the heate of the Sunne as the Iland Strambula is which continually burneth and many other high places more that I haue séene as Mount Aetna the pike of Teneriffe a Southward Iland and many others c. Unto this Citie Mercina belongs a straight entrance by Sea commonly called the ●ale of Mercina it lyeth betwixt the Land of Sicillia and Calabria very dangerous to passe through for any Ship except they are very well experimented For my part I know this place well being often there in the ●●me of my slauerie X. The Description and discouery of ●●ggadore MVggadore is an Iland of the Moores and lyeth néere the Lan● o● ●arbary without the Straights not farre from the Lands of the Kings of Fesse and Morrocco Th●s Il●nd is not inhabited but very barren being all Rocks by the 〈…〉 side and very smoothe on the to● and full of bushes 〈…〉 Pidgions doe b●eede in great store we held it nothing 〈…〉 〈…〉 sixe or eight in company together into