with_o large_a river_n and_o some_o of_o those_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n of_o water_n that_o in_o many_o place_n the_o opposite_a bank_n be_v out_o of_o sight_n one_o of_o the_o other_o and_o elsewhere_o that_o which_o appear_v be_v hardly_o to_o be_v distinguish_v what_o it_o be_v they_o be_v all_o navigable_a and_o be_v frequent_v with_o so_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o vessel_n that_o what_o may_v be_v say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v hardly_o seem_v credible_a i_o shall_v only_o say_v that_o in_o this_o they_o do_v exceed_v all_o other_o river_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n of_o nanchim_n which_o with_o a_o moderate_a breadth_n run_v down_o to_o hamchen_n i_o stay_v eight_o day_n for_o a_o passage_n through_o that_o wondered_a concourse_n of_o vessel_n and_o while_o a_o hourglass_n of_o sand_n be_v run_v out_o i_o count_v three_o hundred_o small_a ship_n reckon_v only_o those_o which_o come_v up_o the_o river_n it_o be_v a_o 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they_o be_v be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o esteem_v after_o they_o fit_v up_o the_o wall_n with_o brick_n or_o some_o such_o like_a matter_n there_o be_v a_o tradition_n that_o ancient_o they_o make_v their_o building_n according_a to_o exact_a rule_n of_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o which_o art_n there_o be_v yet_o some_o book_n remain_v but_o those_o rule_n be_v now_o only_o observe_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o in_o public_a work_n as_o tower_n of_o city_n and_o town_n which_o they_o make_v of_o several_a form_n as_o round_o square_a octangular_a very_o beautiful_a with_o stair_n some_o wind_a some_o plain_a and_o balanster_n on_o the_o outside_n in_o the_o vessel_n and_o utensile_n of_o their_o house_n they_o be_v both_o very_a curious_a and_o expensive_a use_v much_o the_o abovesaid_a charam_n a_o sort_n of_o varnish_n which_o be_v take_v from_o certain_a tree_n proper_a only_a to_o that_o and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n as_o well_o for_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o matter_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o work_n which_o come_v from_o thence_o as_o for_o the_o easiness_n in_o work_v it_o as_o well_o in_o make_v new_a thing_n as_o in_o retrim_v the_o old_a and_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o former_a beauty_n as_o for_o plenty_n whereas_o this_o kingdom_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o large_a extent_n do_v participate_v of_o diverse_a latitude_n and_o climate_n it_o produce_v and_o enjoy_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o fruit_n that_o nature_n seem_v there_o to_o have_v lay_v upon_o heap_n what_o she_o but_o scatter_v through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n it_o have_v within_o its_o own_o door_n all_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o man_n life_n together_o with_o all_o superfluity_n of_o delicacy_n whence_o it_o have_v
king_n stamp_n and_o the_o founder_n name_n upon_o they_o that_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o be_v falsify_v they_o may_v know_v who_o to_o accuse_v and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o be_v return_v into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_o be_v put_v into_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o city_n for_o extraordinary_a expense_n the_o other_o into_o the_o coffer_n of_o the_o treasurer_n for_o to_o defray_v ordinary_a expense_n this_o treasury_n beside_o that_o the_o door_n and_o lock_n be_v make_v as_o secure_a as_o can_v be_v yet_o it_o be_v guard_v every_o night_n by_o a_o constant_a watch_n of_o soldier_n the_o three_o be_v send_v public_o to_o court_n but_o with_o a_o strong_a guard_n this_o silver_n be_v put_v into_o round_a piece_n of_o wood_n saw_v through_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o hollow_a within_o and_o join_v together_o with_o iron_n hoop_n and_o both_o end_v close_v fast_o with_o plate_n of_o iron_n within_o every_o one_o of_o these_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v convey_v as_o much_o silver_n as_o two_o man_n be_v able_a to_o carry_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o supputation_n of_o father_n matteo_n riccius_fw-la who_o live_v many_o year_n in_o china_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o book_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o be_v say_v to_o amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o million_o of_o crown_n father_n john_n rodriquez_n who_o also_o travail_v much_o about_o china_n and_o be_v very_o curious_a to_o know_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o a_o writing_n which_o he_o leave_v behind_o he_o concern_v the_o four_o notable_a thing_n of_o china_n faith_n that_o it_o do_v amount_v but_o to_o fifty_o five_o million_o to_o make_v they_o both_o agree_v my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o whole_a revenue_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o million_o as_o father_n riccius_fw-la say_fw-la &_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o court_n be_v but_o fifty_o five_o as_o father_n rodriquez_n will_v have_v it_o the_o rest_n remain_v as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o province_n as_o i_o have_v not_o make_v any_o diligent_a enquiry_n concern_v this_o matter_n so_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o grave_a personage_n the_o four_o tribunal_n be_v call_v begin_v cha_n sci_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tribunal_n criminal_a it_o have_v assessor_n counsellor_n and_o tauli_n and_o as_o every_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o shire_n and_o precinct_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n thereof_o it_o belong_v to_o these_o tauli_n to_o visit_v they_o and_o to_o do_v justice_n in_o the_o several_a place_n assign_v they_o punish_v malefactor_n and_o exercise_v their_o jurisdiction_n which_o extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o souldierie_a and_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o the_o province_n be_v maritime_a the_o five_o tribunal_n be_v over_o learning_n and_o letter_n to_o examine_v and_o confer_v degree_n and_o the_o like_a and_o be_v particular_o set_v over_o all_o they_o that_o have_v take_v the_o degree_n of_o batcheller_n but_o doctor_n be_v exempt_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v a_o chancellor_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n who_o at_o set_a time_n visit_v all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n hold_v examination_n and_o inform_v himself_o of_o every_o one_o behaviour_n and_o according_a as_o he_o find_v it_o he_o reprove_v chastise_v and_o sometime_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o degree_n but_o leave_v they_o always_o the_o liberty_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o return_v if_o they_o please_v to_o a_o new_a examination_n there_o be_v moreover_o in_o every_o city_n two_o who_o they_o call_v mandarines_n of_o the_o science_n hioquan_n who_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o tribunal_n but_o their_o jurisdiction_n do_v not_o extend_v itself_o further_o than_o to_o the_o bachelor_n of_o the_o same_o city_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o and_o although_o they_o have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o confer_v a_o degree_n or_o to_o take_v it_o away_o but_o only_o to_o punish_v they_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v they_o that_o give_v they_o the_o most_o trouble_n by_o reason_n that_o live_v always_o in_o the_o same_o city_n they_o often_o call_v they_o before_o they_o examine_v they_o etc._n etc._n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v prefect_n of_o the_o class_n all_o these_o office_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v have_v authority_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o over_o all_o the_o city_n village_n and_o town_n thereof_o but_o the_o city_n have_v moreover_o their_o particular_a government_n as_o among_o we_o in_o europe_n in_o every_o city_n there_o be_v four_o principal_a mandarines_n one_o whereof_o be_v precedent_n who_o they_o call_v chi_fw-mi furio_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o city_n the_o rest_n be_v collaterall_n they_o be_v call_v thum_z chi_fw-mi thum_z phuon_n chiu_n quon_n every_o one_o of_o these_o hold_v his_o tribunal_n apart_o and_o have_v great_a and_o lesser_a officer_n belong_v to_o he_o beside_o these_o every_o city_n have_v nineteen_o lesser_a magistrate_n employ_v in_o several_a office_n subordinate_a to_o the_o principal_a two_o whereof_o have_v a_o precedent_n and_o four_o counsellor_n the_o nine_o other_o have_v only_o one_o precedent_n and_o a_o assistant_n and_o the_o other_o eight_o have_v only_o one_o precedent_n but_o they_o have_v all_o of_o they_o their_o officer_n minister_n and_o a_o convenient_a number_n of_o servant_n belong_v to_o their_o court_n the_o village_n have_v a_o judge_n and_o three_o counsellor_n the_o judge_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_n the_o first_o counsellor_n hum_n chim_z the_o second_o chu_n phn._n the_o three_o tun_n su._n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o their_o palace_n and_o tribunal_n apart_o as_o also_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n notary_n and_o other_o the_o judge_n may_v give_v sentence_n of_o death_n but_o can_v put_v it_o in_o execution_n beside_o these_o mandarines_n which_o reside_v in_o the_o city_n and_o village_n there_o be_v other_o who_o have_v not_o the_o power_n either_o to_o chastise_v or_o condemn_v but_o only_o to_o make_v their_o report_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v referendary_n there_o be_v also_o of_o they_o in_o castle_n if_o they_o be_v great_a and_o far_o from_o any_o city_n or_o village_n these_o be_v make_v ordinary_o out_o of_o the_o inferior_a notary_n of_o tribunal_n for_o out_o of_o the_o great_a one_o be_v common_o make_v the_o counsellor_n to_o the_o judge_n of_o village_n but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a officer_n have_v not_o so_o much_o authority_n as_o we_o in_o europe_n beside_o every_o hamlet_n whereof_o there_o be_v almost_o infinite_a in_o china_n no_o labourer_n or_o husbandman_n dwell_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n but_o in_o the_o field_n have_v a_o head_n or_o thithing-man_n call_v licham_n the_o house_n be_v divide_v by_o ten_o like_o tithing_n or_o decury_n with_o a_o head_n or_o tithing-man_n belong_v to_o each_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o government_n become_v more_o easy_a and_o the_o contribution_n which_o be_v exact_v more_o certain_a chap._n 27._o of_o the_o badge_n of_o honour_n or_o ensign_n of_o the_o mandarines_n all_o officer_n who_o either_o have_v or_o have_v have_v command_v have_v their_o ensign_n by_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v not_o only_o from_o the_o people_n but_o from_o other_o as_o well_o litterati_fw-la as_o nobleman_n of_o another_o rank_n these_o consist_v in_o five_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o cap_n the_o habit_n the_o girdle_n the_o boot_n and_o the_o gown_n the_o cap_n be_v of_o black_a silk_n line_v with_o a_o certain_a stiff_a &_o strong_a stuffe_n they_o all_o of_o they_o have_v it_o make_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n only_o in_o the_o cap_n of_o the_o colai_n there_o be_v some_o difference_n it_o be_v call_v in_o the_o chinesse_n language_n xamao_n the_o habit_n for_o so_o they_o call_v it_o and_o we_o have_v nothing_o in_o europe_n that_o answer_v to_o it_o be_v a_o square_a piece_n which_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o breast_n rich_o embroider_v round_o about_o in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v the_o device_n of_o their_o office_n and_o dignity_n and_o as_o those_o be_v diverse_a according_o their_o device_n be_v different_a it_o be_v call_v phizu_n the_o magistrate_n of_o letter_n have_v a_o eagle_n a_o hearn_n a_o bird_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o such_o like_a the_o magistrate_n of_o arm_n have_v a_o panther_n a_o tiger_n and_o unicorn_n a_o lyam_n etc._n etc._n the_o girdle_n which_o be_v not_o make_v to_o gird_n they_o withal_o for_o it_o be_v so_o wide_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o fasten_v it_o at_o the_o side_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o fall_v be_v call_v quon_n thai_n it_o be_v four_o finger_n broad_a and_o
the_o south_n and_o in_o nankim_n there_o be_v sow_v a_o certain_a rice_n for_o the_o king_n in_o particular_a of_o such_o a_o quality_n that_o be_v sod_a in_o water_n without_o any_o other_o addition_n it_o make_v a_o very_a savoury_a dish_n the_o city_n be_v not_o so_o big_a as_o nankim_v but_o in_o that_o press_n of_o people_n much_o exceed_v it_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v like_o the_o court_n of_o so_o powerful_a a_o prince_n the_o wall_n be_v broad_a enough_o for_o twelve_o horse_n to_o go_v a_o breast_n they_o be_v guard_v night_n and_o day_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o if_o there_o be_v war_n at_o every_o gate_n they_o keep_v a_o continual_a watch_n which_o be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o eunuch_n which_o the_o queen_n allow_v they_o for_o their_o wage_n and_o they_o make_v good_a store_n of_o crown_n of_o this_o exercise_n for_o all_o those_o which_o enter_v and_o bring_v any_o thing_n with_o they_o pay_v toll_n and_o those_o of_o cantone_n be_v use_v with_o most_o rigour_n just_a like_o spaniard_n in_o a_o french_a inn_n i_o know_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o but_o only_o a_o certain_a indignation_n which_o they_o have_v against_o they_o the_o magistrate_n of_o this_o court_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o those_o of_o other_o crown_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o world_n and_o be_v therefore_o a_o pattern_n of_o that_o uprightness_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o i_o mean_v concern_v the_o pomp_n and_o equipage_n of_o their_o person_n which_o be_v very_o moderate_a they_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o sedan_n or_o chair_n unless_o it_o be_v some_o few_o of_o more_o particular_a dignity_n the_o great_a part_n ride_v on_o horseback_n and_o because_o they_o be_v ill_a horseman_n their_o horse_n be_v guide_v by_o two_o servant_n that_o go_v by_o they_o one_o on_o each_o side_n the_o horse_n lest_o their_o master_n shall_v fall_v each_o judge_n of_o a_o village_n without_o the_o precinct_n of_o the_o court_n use_v more_o state_n than_o the_o most_o eminent_a minister_n in_o the_o court_n they_o walk_v in_o the_o street_n with_o their_o face_n cover_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dust_n which_o be_v very_o much_o as_o also_o for_o convenience_n and_o to_o avoid_v both_o expense_n and_o ceremony_n with_o the_o mandarinesse_n for_o not_o be_v know_v they_o dissemble_v as_o if_o they_o see_v they_o not_o and_o make_v no_o stay_n to_o verify_v that_o axiom_n that_o where_o one_o be_v least_o know_v there_o be_v more_o pleasure_n and_o convenience_n to_o be_v enjoy_v the_o cold_a which_o this_o country_n suffer_v be_v much_o great_a than_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o the_o latitude_n of_o 40._o degree_n the_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v so_o hard_o freeze_v over_o that_o they_o drive_v cart_n over_o they_o without_o any_o danger_n they_o make_v use_v of_o stove_n that_o be_v more_o convenient_a than_o we_o and_o be_v not_o so_o much_o fuel_n convey_v the_o heat_n by_o pipe_n lay_v under_o ground_n and_o so_o within_o door_n enjoy_v a_o pleasant_a spring_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o winter_n the_o same_o heat_n supply_v also_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o mean_n thereof_o the_o tree_n be_v clothe_v with_o leaf_n and_o flower_n before_o their_o time_n in_o the_o court_n we_o have_v a_o fair_a church_n build_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o europe_n and_o a_o house_n wherein_o reside_v 4_o father_n by_o licence_n from_o the_o king_n and_o be_v in_o much_o esteem_n with_o all_o the_o magistrate_n beside_o the_o church_n in_o all_o the_o place_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a part_n whereof_o be_v large_a city_n there_o be_v also_o many_o other_o habitation_n of_o christian_n which_o have_v their_o oratory_n which_o be_v visit_v by_o we_o at_o set_a time_n catechise_v and_o baptise_v the_o new_a christian_n confer_v and_o administer_a the_o holy_a sacrament_n to_o the_o other_o the_o sixth_o and_o last_o province_n be_v leaotùm_fw-la the_o northern_a bind_v of_o that_o kingdom_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o root_n which_o it_o produce_v of_o so_o high_a esteem_n that_o at_o my_o departure_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v sell_v for_o twice_o the_o weight_n in_o silver_n it_o be_v so_o excellent_a a_o medicine_n that_o if_o those_o which_o be_v in_o health_n do_v take_v it_o it_o augment_v their_o strength_n and_o vigour_n and_o if_o it_o be_v give_v to_o a_o sick_a person_n it_o do_v marvellous_o comfort_v and_o warm_v he_o it_o be_v call_v ginsem_n this_o province_n be_v the_o frontier_n next_o tartarium_fw-la be_v much_o waste_v and_o be_v in_o part_n possess_v by_o the_o tartar_n here_o be_v see_v that_o famous_a wall_n so_o much_o talk_v off_o which_o run_v nine_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n with_o more_o reputation_n than_o effect_n for_o beside_o that_o its_o own_o greatness_n and_o extant_a be_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o ruinous_a the_o enemy_n have_v now_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o miserable_a condition_n chap._n 4._o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o chiness_n of_o their_o nature_n wit_n and_o inclination_n the_o people_n of_o china_n be_v white_z like_v we_o in_o europe_n although_o in_o the_o province_n of_o cantone_n lie_v something_o within_o the_o tropic_a they_o be_v of_o something_o a_o brown_a colour_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o island_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o main_a land_n and_o because_o those_o which_o come_v hither_o be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v borderer_n upon_o macao_n the_o centre_n of_o those_o island_n some_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o all_o that_o kingdom_n any_o people_n very_o white_a but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o except_v the_o confine_n of_o cantone_n where_o they_o be_v something_o brown_a the_o rest_n be_v all_o white_a not_o unlike_a to_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o northward_o one_o go_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o as_o be_v usual_o see_v be_v the_o whiteness_n the_o great_a they_o suffer_v the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n to_o grow_v as_o long_o as_o it_o will_v both_o man_n and_o woman_n they_o be_v general_o all_o black-haired_a hence_o come_v that_o name_n by_o which_o this_o kingdom_n be_v call_v among_o other_o nation_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o black-haired_a people_n they_o have_v also_o black_a eye_n which_o be_v very_o little_a little_a nose_n and_o neither_o large_a nor_o high_a one_o as_o among_o we_o which_o form_n they_o like_v not_o account_v it_o a_o deformity_n they_o have_v but_o little_a beard_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nor_o do_v they_o care_v to_o have_v much_o although_o some_o of_o they_o have_v so_o they_o delight_v to_o have_v it_o black_a which_o be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a colour_n although_o some_o few_o have_v red_a beard_n which_o although_o it_o be_v not_o abhor_v by_o all_o as_o among_o the_o theban_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o esteem_v or_o like_v among_o they_o by_o any_o they_o clip_v not_o their_o beard_n let_v it_o grow_v according_a to_o nature_n they_o will_v be_v more_o trouble_v to_o loose_v one_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n than_o all_o the_o hair_n of_o their_o face_n they_o do_v also_o in_o neatness_n and_o curiousness_n about_o their_o hair_n exceed_v all_o other_o nation_n they_o have_v for_o this_o purpose_n many_o barber_n of_o who_o it_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o they_o usurp_v that_o name_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o beard_n which_o they_o never_o touch_v employ_v all_o their_o diligence_n and_o art_n in_o kemb_v and_o cleanse_v the_o head_n the_o young_a child_n be_v better_o proportion_v and_o have_v a_o more_o please_a symmetry_n of_o beauty_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o more_o particular_o in_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o some_o place_n have_v the_o advantage_n in_o this_o above_o other_o as_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankim_n the_o city_n of_o nancheu_fw-la where_o the_o woman_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o all_o other_o in_o beauty_n as_o former_o in_o portugal_n those_o of_o the_o town_n of_o guimaranes_n from_o hence_o the_o rich_a man_n and_o the_o magistrate_n provide_v themselves_o with_o concubine_n and_o so_o this_o gift_n of_o nature_n come_v to_o be_v of_o great_a esteem_n for_o their_o sake_n who_o be_v the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o world_n as_o their_o age_n begin_v to_o decline_v from_o 25_o to_o 30_o year_n old_a they_o lose_v not_o only_a much_o of_o the_o liveliness_n of_o their_o colour_n but_o also_o of_o the_o symmetry_n and_o proportion_n of_o their_o shape_n so_o that_o ordinary_o they_o become_v ill-favoured_a the_o disposition_n of_o their_o body_n be_v good_a their_o strength_n vigorous_a and_o they_o be_v great_a pains-taker_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o their_o land_n which_o be_v
their_o public_a woman_n call_v vampa_n likewise_o those_o be_v not_o admit_v against_o who_o lie_v any_o tax_n or_o accusation_n of_o ill_a manner_n until_o there_o be_v satisfaction_n give_v of_o their_o amendment_n they_o have_v three_o sort_n of_o degree_n sieveai_n kiugin_n cinfu_n and_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v they_o i_o may_v say_v that_o after_o their_o manner_n they_o be_v answerable_a to_o our_o bachelor_n licentiate_a and_o doctor_n each_o degree_n have_v their_o several_a ensign_n and_o badge_n of_o honour_n those_o that_o be_v only_a student_n and_o have_v take_v no_o degree_n have_v not_o any_o particular_a privilege_n belong_v to_o they_o but_o only_o be_v respect_v as_o gentleman_n and_o the_o people_n honour_v they_o as_o the_o light_n of_o their_o country_n so_o much_o be_v knowledge_n esteem_v among_o they_o who_o know_v how_o to_o honour_v that_o which_o do_v true_o deserve_v esteem_n chap._n 8._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o examination_n and_o how_o their_o degree_n be_v confer_v the_o order_n and_o manner_n that_o the_o chiness_n observe_v in_o their_o examination_n of_o person_n that_o take_v their_o degree_n be_v very_o curious_a it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o in_o these_o examination_n from_o the_o first_o of_o the_o simple_a student_n to_o the_o last_o of_o the_o doctor_n consist_v the_o business_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o on_o these_o depend_v the_o degree_n and_o office_n both_o of_o honour_n and_o profit_n the_o only_a mark_n at_o which_o mortal_n aim_v with_o their_o chief_a attention_n in_o a_o word_n if_o there_o be_v a_o employment_n wherein_o these_o two_o be_v couple_v a_o conjunction_n which_o the_o old_a proverb_n have_v sentence_v to_o be_v very_o difficult_a certain_o it_o be_v this_o we_o will_v begin_v at_o the_o beginning_n that_o be_v what_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o mere_a and_o simple_a student_n before_o the_o examination_n there_o be_v first_o spread_v abroad_o a_o report_n that_o there_o will_v be_v one_o till_o at_o length_n it_o be_v publish_v by_o authority_n because_o the_o degree_n which_o be_v confer_v and_o those_o which_o pretend_v be_v many_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a that_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o both_o the_o fit_a and_o unfit_a shall_v not_o enter_v at_o that_o examination_n there_o be_v a_o order_n in_o the_o province_n that_o those_o which_o be_v to_o enter_v shall_v be_v prove_v first_o by_o two_o antecedent_n examination_n in_o their_o city_n or_o town_n after_o this_o manner_n every_o judge_n in_o his_o territory_n do_v publish_v a_o examination_n and_o appoint_v a_o day_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o student_n of_o his_o precinct_n and_o because_o sometime_o the_o place_n of_o the_o public_a university_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o reception_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n they_o fill_v a_o large_a field_n with_o seat_n and_o table_n and_o there_o the_o examination_n be_v hold_v the_o judge_n give_v the_o point_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v to_o compose_v they_o begin_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o be_v allow_v time_n till_o night_n they_o give_v in_o but_o one_o composition_n and_o when_o they_o have_v finish_v it_o they_o consign_v it_o to_o the_o proper_a officer_n who_o put_v they_o together_o examine_v they_o all_o along_o with_o great_a diligence_n and_o choose_v out_o the_o best_a cause_v the_o name_n of_o their_o composer_n to_o be_v write_v this_o roll_n of_o their_o name_n be_v stick_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n of_o his_o palace_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o be_v know_v who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v allow_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o supreme_a examination_n and_o this_o allowance_n they_o call_v have_v a_o name_n in_o their_o village_n the_o composition_n thus_o allow_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o officer_n in_o person_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o same_o do_v all_o the_o judge_n of_o town_n each_o within_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n and_o each_o city_n in_o its_o village_n each_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o village_n with_o their_o particular_a judge_n beside_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n and_o all_o the_o student_n of_o the_o country_n that_o have_v be_v already_o allow_v of_o be_v assemble_v together_o enter_v into_o the_o general_a place_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n examine_v they_o again_o and_o give_v they_o a_o new_a point_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v give_v they_o in_o the_o village_n with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o use_v more_o care_n rigour_n and_o diligence_n and_o admit_v less_o of_o the_o intercession_n of_o friend_n who_o be_v ready_a in_o all_o place_n to_o pervert_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o the_o governor_n choose_v 200_o and_o give_v their_o name_n to_o the_o chancellor_n who_o put_v they_o the_o three_o time_n upon_o the_o same_o examination_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o choose_v out_o among_o they_o about_o 20_o or_o 25_o upon_o who_o he_o confer_v their_o degree_n so_o that_o be_v sift_v three_o time_n most_o exact_o they_o come_v at_o length_n to_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n then_o be_v give_v they_o their_o ensign_n and_o privilege_n with_o a_o advertency_n of_o their_o subordination_n not_o only_o to_o the_o chancellor_n but_o also_o to_o the_o prefect_n who_o be_v two_o in_o each_o city_n and_o be_v call_v hioquon_n that_o be_v mandarines_n of_o the_o science_n their_o office_n be_v to_o observe_v and_o spy_v out_o the_o deportment_n of_o each_o and_o to_o chastise_v those_o that_o behave_v themselves_o amiss_o and_o which_o be_v more_o they_o may_v examine_v they_o a_o new_a if_o they_o please_v and_o as_o often_o as_o they_o think_v good_a the_o chancellor_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o office_n to_o send_v through_o the_o province_n and_o to_o assemble_v within_o the_o city_n all_o the_o ancient_a bachelor_n and_o to_o examine_v they_o to_o find_v whether_o they_o study_v or_o else_o addict_v themselves_o to_o other_o employment_n different_a from_o their_o profession_n he_o reward_v the_o diligent_a and_o castise_v those_o that_o be_v idle_a in_o this_o manner_n when_o they_o be_v all_o gather_v together_o in_o the_o general_a palace_n he_o give_v they_o a_o point_n for_o their_o composition_n the_o which_o be_v end_v their_o paper_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o decury_n or_o class_n to_o those_o of_o the_o first_o he_o give_v praise_n and_o reward_n the_o same_o or_o little_a less_o be_v do_v to_o those_o of_o the_o second_o those_o of_o the_o three_o class_n be_v pass_v by_o in_o silence_n those_o of_o the_o four_o he_o chastise_v those_o of_o the_o last_o class_n he_o deprive_v of_o their_o degree_n privilege_n and_o ensign_n of_o honour_n and_o turn_v they_o back_o to_o be_v rank_v among_o the_o common_a people_n yet_o nevertheless_o with_o liberty_n to_o return_v again_o for_o their_o degree_n to_o their_o examination_n of_o the_o first_o sorâ—_n be_v choose_v the_o able_a to_o the_o number_n of_o 40._o for_o each_o city_n and_o 20_o for_o each_o town_n and_o although_o they_o have_v not_o above_o eight_o crown_n pension_n a_o man_n they_o stand_v the_o king_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o 300000._o crown_n this_o employment_n be_v very_o great_a for_o the_o city_n be_v 444_o the_o village_n 1250._o this_o be_v that_o which_o a_o bachelor_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v to_o obtain_v his_o degree_n let_v we_o now_o see_v what_o be_v require_v of_o a_o licentiate_a the_o examination_n of_o these_o be_v hold_v every_o three_o year_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o each_o province_n upon_o the_o same_o day_n through_o out_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o use_v to_o be_v in_o the_o eight_o moon_n and_o common_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o our_o september_n or_o beginning_n of_o october_n the_o examination_n last_v about_o 25_o or_o 30_o day_n although_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v be_v not_o hold_v to_o it_o above_o three_o day_n only_o and_o those_o be_v the_o nine_o the_o twelve_o and_o the_o fifteen_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a month_n the_o chief_a examiner_n be_v the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n beside_o other_o of_o that_o precinct_n who_o be_v assistant_n to_o they_o but_o above_o all_o the_o precedent_n who_o come_v even_o from_o court_n purposely_o to_o his_o province_n these_o be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v assemble_v in_o the_o general_a palace_n and_o with_o they_o their_o secretary_n notary_n and_o other_o people_n appoint_v both_o for_o their_o guard_n and_o service_n and_o likewise_o physician_n for_o fear_v they_o may_v have_v need_n of_o they_o because_o while_o this_o action_n last_v no_o person_n be_v permit_v to_o come_v
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name_n of_o the_o people_n the_o mother_n and_o wife_n of_o the_o officer_n as_o their_o son_n or_o husband_n be_v prefer_v and_o advance_v to_o high_a office_n and_o dignity_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n certain_a honourable_a distinction_n in_o their_o habit_n as_o also_o title_n whereby_o they_o be_v call_v such_o as_o be_v among_o we_o your_o honour_n and_o your_o excellency_n not_o that_o they_o be_v the_o same_o but_o that_o they_o have_v some_o resemblance_n more_o or_o less_o when_o any_o one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a officer_n die_v the_o king_n send_v away_o post_v a_o mandarine_a of_o the_o court_n to_o solemnize_v his_o funeral_n and_o this_o not_o only_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o even_o out_o of_o it_o as_o to_o the_o island_n of_o hainam_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1617._o at_o what_o time_n i_o speak_v with_o he_o who_o be_v send_v hither_o by_o the_o king_n only_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o king_n also_o after_o his_o death_n 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two_o collateral_n and_o the_o precedent_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o doctor_n and_o the_o two_o collateral_n be_v either_o simple_a bachelor_n or_o else_o raise_v from_o the_o office_n of_o notary_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o small_a and_o ordinary_a cause_n these_o be_v the_o hand_n and_o foot_n of_o the_o mandarines_n be_v faithful_a and_o diligent_a executer_n of_o whatsoever_o they_o command_v they_o there_o be_v in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o tribunal_n more_o than_o 300_o man_n who_o serve_v they_o as_o notary_n clerk_n and_o sergeant_n some_o to_o apprehend_v man_n other_o to_o whip_v they_o other_o to_z carry_z letter_n and_o writing_n and_o such_o other_o commission_n but_o they_o do_v not_o
begin_v to_o recover_v life_n and_o strength_n and_o the_o tartar_n seem_v whole_o restrain_v but_o though_o fortune_n seem_v now_o to_o show_v a_o smile_a face_n for_o china_n yet_o as_o her_o custom_n be_v again_o she_o stand_v not_o long_o constant_a and_o stable_a for_o the_o tartarian_a king_n have_v dispatch_v his_o affair_n in_o tartary_n send_v present_o sixty_o thousand_o horse_n to_o besiege_v leaoyang_n again_o it_o promise_v that_o himself_o in_o person_n will_v follow_v with_o great_a force_n and_o this_o army_n take_v that_o strong_a city_n in_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o hour_n both_o party_n fight_v with_o such_o vigour_n and_o fierceness_n that_o thirty_o thousand_o of_o the_o garrison_n be_v kill_v and_o the_o tartar_n lose_v about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o they_o nay_o the_o chiness_n affirm_v that_o they_o have_v never_o win_v the_o city_n have_v not_o the_o governor_n be_v corrupt_v by_o great_a promise_n of_o reward_n to_o open_v they_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v the_o tartar_n win_v the_o town_n the_o vice_n roy_n hang_v himself_o for_o grief_n the_o king_n visitor_n be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o submit_v himself_o or_o to_o bestow_v the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n upon_o the_o barbarian_a for_o which_o in_o admiration_n and_o reward_n of_o his_o constancy_n and_o fidelity_n he_o obtain_v life_n and_o freedom_n enemy_n but_o know_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o china_n he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n only_o because_o he_o have_v fight_v unfortunate_o more_o cruel_a to_o himself_o than_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n he_o hang_v himself_o the_o tartar_n have_v take_v the_o city_n manner_n proclaim_v by_o edict_n that_o they_o shall_v kill_v none_o if_o they_o will_v cut_v their_o hair_n and_o use_v the_o tartarian_n habit._n for_o the_o tartar_n that_o i_o may_v say_v something_o of_o their_o manner_n as_o my_o subject_n give_v i_o occasion_n do_v shave_v both_o the_o head_n and_o beard_n reserve_v only_o the_o moustache_n which_o they_o extend_v to_o a_o great_a length_n and_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o their_o head_n they_o leave_v a_o tough_a which_o be_v curious_o weave_v and_o plate_a they_o let_v hang_v down_o careless_o below_o their_o shoulder_n they_o have_v a_o round_a and_o low_a cap_n which_o be_v always_o garnish_v round_o with_o some_o precious_a skin_n three_o finger_n broad_a of_o castâ—r_n or_o zibellin_n &_o serve_v to_o defend_v their_o temple_n ear_n and_o forehead_n from_o cold_n &_o other_o tempest_n that_o which_o appear_v above_o the_o skin_n be_v cover_v over_o either_o with_o curious_a red_a silk_n or_o else_o with_o black_a and_o purple_a horsehair_n which_o they_o die_v and_o dress_v most_o curious_o so_o as_o their_o appurtenance_n be_v decent_o join_v together_o make_v the_o cap_n both_o commodious_a and_o handsome_a their_o garment_n be_v long_a robe_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o very_a foot_n but_o their_o sleeve_n be_v not_o so_o wide_a and_o large_a as_o the_o chineses_n use_n but_o rather_o such_o as_o be_v use_v in_o polony_n &_o hungary_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o they_o fashion_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o sleeve_n ever_o like_o a_o horse_n his_o hoof._n at_o their_o girdle_n there_o hang_v on_o either_o side_n two_o handkerchief_n to_o wipe_v their_o face_n and_o hand_n beside_o there_o hang_v a_o knife_n for_o all_o necessary_a use_n with_o two_o purse_n in_o which_o they_o carry_v tobacco_n or_o such_o like_a commodity_n on_o their_o left_a side_n they_o hang_v their_o scymiter_n but_o so_o as_o the_o point_n go_v before_o and_o the_o handle_v behind_o and_o therefore_o when_o they_o fight_v they_o draw_v it_o out_o with_o the_o right_a hand_n behind_o they_o without_o hold_v the_o scabbard_n with_o the_o other_o they_o seldom_o wear_v shoe_n and_o use_v no_o spur_n to_o their_o boot_n which_o they_o make_v either_o of_o silk_n or_o of_o horse-skin_n very_o neat_o dress_v but_o they_o often_o use_v fair_a patten_n which_o they_o make_v three_o finger_n high_a in_o ride_v they_o use_v stirrup_n their_o trappings_o be_v both_o low_a and_o broad_a than_o we_o their_o face_n be_v comely_a and_o common_o broad_a as_o those_o of_o china_n also_o have_v their_o colour_n be_v white_a but_o their_o nose_n be_v not_o so_o flat_a nor_o their_o eye_n so_o little_a as_o the_o chineses_n be_v they_o speak_v little_a and_o ride_v pensive_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o manner_n they_o resemble_v our_o tartar_n of_o europe_n though_o they_o be_v nothing_o so_o barbarous_a they_o rejoice_v to_o see_v stranger_n they_o no_o way_n like_o the_o grimness_n and_o soureness_n of_o the_o chinesse_n gravity_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o first_o abord_n they_o appear_v more_o humane_a have_v thus_o brief_o describe_v their_o manner_n we_o resume_v our_o former_a discourse_n and_o return_v to_o the_o victorious_a tartar_n in_o the_o city_n they_o have_v take_v in_o which_o find_v many_o rich_a and_o wealthy_a merchant_n of_o other_o province_n they_o publish_v a_o licence_n that_o they_o may_v depart_v with_o their_o good_n and_o withal_o command_v they_o speedy_o to_o void_a the_o city_n perfidiousness_n who_o present_o obey_v the_o order_n carried_z away_o all_o their_o good_n and_o riches_n little_o suspect_v the_o perfidious_a treachery_n of_o the_o tartar_n for_o they_o have_v not_o go_v three_o mile_n from_o the_o town_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o tartar_n they_o be_v plunder_v of_o their_o good_n and_o lose_v all_o their_o life_n which_o be_v do_v they_o return_v into_o the_o fearful_a city_n lade_v with_o riches_n the_o citizen_n tremble_v lest_o they_o may_v happy_o experience_v the_o like_a perfidiousness_n but_o the_o tartar_n consider_v at_o how_o dear_a a_o rate_n he_o have_v buy_v the_o master_v of_o that_o city_n and_o fear_v also_o to_o find_v the_o like_a provision_n and_o preparation_n in_o other_o city_n they_o dare_v not_o make_v any_o further_a attempt_n for_o they_o know_v well_o that_o the_o emperor_n have_v not_o only_o fortify_v all_o the_o ancient_a place_n but_o erect_v also_o new_a munition_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o many_o hard_a and_o rude_a passage_n and_o among_o all_o other_o strong_a hold_v that_o of_o xanghai_n situate_v in_o the_o island_n of_o cuckoe_n be_v most_o eminent_a contain_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n in_o the_o garrison_n to_o resist_v the_o further_a progress_n of_o the_o tartarian_a force_n but_o that_o which_o most_o of_o all_o repress_v the_o tartar_n be_v the_o great_a valour_n of_o the_o incomparable_a commander_n maovenlungus_n who_o have_v with_o his_o great_a fleet_n take_v a_o island_n near_o corea_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n yalo_n vex_v much_o their_o army_n in_o the_o rear_n china_n and_o be_v victorious_a in_o several_a skirmish_n against_o they_o so_o that_o the_o tartar_n bend_v all_o their_o care_n and_o thought_n against_o this_o their_o enemy_n this_o renown_a person_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o evangtung_n where_o be_v near_o the_o portugese_n of_o macao_n he_o have_v much_o perfect_v himself_o in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n and_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o many_o great_a piece_n of_o artillery_n which_o he_o have_v recover_v from_o the_o shipwreck_n of_o a_o holland_n ship_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o that_o territory_n and_o because_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n have_v declare_v the_o city_n of_o ninguyven_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o place_n of_o leaoyang_n where_o also_o he_o have_v place_v a_o new_a viceroy_n and_o his_o royal_a visitor_n therefore_o maovenlungus_n place_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o artillery_n upon_o the_o wall_n of_o this_o city_n the_o tartar_n therefore_o act_v nothing_o till_o the_o year_n 1625._o and_o because_o they_o resolve_v to_o besiege_v the_o new_a metropolitan_a city_n of_o ninguyune_n they_o first_o purpose_v to_o try_v maovenlungus_n his_o fidelity_n china_n offer_v he_o half_o of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n if_o he_o will_v help_v they_o to_o gain_v it_o but_o that_o noble_a soul_n of_o he_o prove_v as_o faithful_a as_o valiant_a by_o reject_v those_o demand_n with_o indignation_n and_o come_v present_o with_o his_o force_n to_o succour_v the_o city_n ninguyven_v which_o they_o besiege_v by_o which_o mean_n tartar_n the_o tartar_n have_v lose_v ten_o thousand_o man_n be_v put_v to_o fight_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o king_n of_o tartary_n own_o son_n be_v kill_v wherefore_o be_v furious_a with_o anger_n they_o pass_v the_o freeze_a sea_n and_o invade_v the_o island_n thaoyven_v where_o they_o kill_v ten_o thousand_o that_o keep_v garrison_n there_o together_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o by_o this_o one_o aâ—t_n cruelty_n have_v revenge_v their_o former_a discomfiture_n they_o return_v into_o tartary_n not_o with_o a_o resolution_n to_o sit_v
persuade_v he_o to_o leave_v the_o imperial_a city_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o he_o protest_v he_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o quit_v the_o northern_a quarter_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o he_o forbid_v any_o to_o depart_v the_o court_n or_o town_n besiege_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tartar_n make_v many_o fierce_a assault_n and_o as_o often_o be_v valiant_o beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o carnage_n yvenus_n be_v call_v to_o resist_v the_o tartar_n for_o as_o yet_o his_o traitorous_a comploâ—s_n be_v not_o discover_v and_o lest_o he_o shall_v discover_v his_o treason_n he_o come_v with_o his_o army_n near_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v of_o a_o vast_a extent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a partition_n between_o the_o two_o army_n from_o which_o both_o the_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n force_n be_v perfect_o discern_v but_o though_o yvenus_n be_v under_o the_o emperor_n eye_n yet_o he_o act_v little_a for_o his_o only_a aim_n be_v to_o return_v home_o lade_v with_o riches_n he_o never_o desist_v to_o persuade_v the_o emperor_n to_o admit_v his_o condition_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n find_v he_o evident_o to_o be_v a_o traitor_n disclose_v his_o intention_n to_o none_o of_o his_o council_n nor_o governor_n send_v to_o invite_v he_o to_o a_o private_a council_n of_o war_n give_v also_o order_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n over_o the_o wall_n lest_o if_o any_o gate_n shall_v be_v open_a the_o tartar_n be_v so_o near_o may_v press_v in_o upon_o they_o but_o indeed_o he_o order_v the_o business_n in_o this_o manner_n lest_o he_o shall_v bring_v his_o army_n into_o the_o city_n with_o he_o yvenus_n therefore_o know_v he_o have_v many_o chief_a man_n about_o the_o emperor_n person_n who_o be_v both_o his_o favourity_n and_o friend_n and_o that_o none_o of_o they_o give_v he_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o any_o distaste_n that_o the_o emperor_n may_v conceive_v against_o he_o kill_v bold_o and_o secure_o present_v himself_o at_o court_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o appear_v he_o be_v present_o arrest_v and_o after_o some_o few_o question_n the_o emperor_n command_v he_o to_o be_v kill_v the_o tartar_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n before_o the_o china_n army_n have_v a_o new_a general_n assign_v raise_v the_o siege_n depart_v ransack_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o and_o after_o they_o have_v make_v excursion_n to_o the_o next_o border_v province_n of_o xantung_n rich_o lade_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o spoil_n return_v to_o their_o first_o residence_n in_o leaotung_n from_o these_o time_n till_o the_o year_n 1636._o the_o event_n of_o their_o war_n be_v very_o various_a succeed_v but_o in_o general_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o tartar_n can_v never_o fix_v a_o foot_n in_o china_n but_o they_o be_v present_o beat_v out_o again_o in_o this_o same_o year_n thienzungus_n king_n of_o the_o tartar_n die_v after_o who_o succeed_v his_o son_n zungteus_n father_n to_o he_o that_o now_o govern_v china_n of_o who_o we_o now_o must_v begin_v to_o treat_v this_o prince_n before_o his_o reign_n express_v much_o judgement_n in_o several_a occurrence_n mild_a surpass_v all_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n in_o humanity_n and_o oblige_a courtesy_n for_o when_o he_o be_v young_a he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o china_n where_o he_o live_v secret_o and_o learn_v the_o china_n manner_n doctrine_n and_o language_n and_o now_o come_v to_o the_o kingdom_n he_o change_v and_o far_o surpass_v all_o the_o example_n of_o his_o predecessor_n for_o have_v observe_v that_o their_o too_o hard_a and_o cruel_a usage_n of_o the_o chiness_n have_v be_v the_o principal_a obstacle_n of_o their_o advancement_n nation_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v conquer_v that_o empire_n he_o so_o much_o thirst_v after_o as_o well_o by_o love_n as_o by_o arm_n he_o courteous_o entertain_v and_o cherish_v all_o those_o of_o china_n which_o come_v unto_o he_o use_v all_o prisoner_n with_o great_a sweetness_n and_o invite_v they_o either_o to_o submit_v free_o to_o his_o government_n or_o take_v their_o course_n with_o full_a freedom_n the_o fame_n of_o his_o humanity_n be_v spread_v far_o and_o near_o which_o induce_v many_o commander_n and_o chief_a officer_n to_o fly_v unto_o he_o by_o who_o mean_n and_o help_n at_o length_n he_o become_v emperor_n of_o that_o spacious_a and_o flourish_a country_n for_o experience_n show_v we_o that_o love_n and_o humanity_n do_v work_v more_o upon_o man_n heart_n in_o conquer_a and_o conserve_n kingdom_n than_o arm_n and_o cruelty_n of_o the_o conqueror_n have_v lose_v that_o which_o strength_n of_o arm_n have_v happy_o subdue_v wherefore_o when_o the_o chiness_n come_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n do_v not_o only_o afford_v they_o a_o refuge_n but_o friendship_n many_o great_a person_n fly_v the_o indignation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n shelter_v themselves_o under_o the_o tartar_n protection_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o china_n great_a avarice_n and_o perfidiousness_n chinese_n it_o be_v a_o necessary_a though_o most_o inhuman_a maxim_n that_o those_o officer_n perish_v who_o have_v manage_v the_o kingdom_n affair_n with_o less_o success_n for_o they_o easy_o be_v bring_v to_o believe_v that_o such_o unhappy_a event_n do_v not_o proceed_v so_o much_o from_o the_o frown_n of_o inconstant_a fortune_n as_o it_o do_v from_o the_o perfidy_n or_o negligence_n of_o the_o commander_n so_o as_o if_o any_o fight_v unhappy_o or_o if_o he_o lose_v the_o country_n commit_v to_o his_o charge_n if_o any_o sedition_n or_o rebellion_n happen_v the_o governor_n hardly_o ever_o escape_v alive_a see_v therefore_o they_o find_v so_o much_o humanity_n in_o the_o tartar_n and_o so_o much_o inhumanity_n in_o the_o emperor_n they_o rather_o choose_v to_o fly_v to_o the_o former_a by_o this_o occasion_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o relate_v what_o happen_v to_o that_o incomparable_a commander_n renown_v both_o for_o fidelity_n and_o fortitude_n call_v kill_v ignatius_n this_o heroic_a mind_n prefer_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o prince_n before_o his_o life_n before_o the_o tartarian_n protection_n yea_o even_o before_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o formidable_a army_n and_o choose_v rather_o with_o his_o unparalleled_a fidelity_n to_o submit_v his_o head_n to_o a_o block_n by_o a_o unjust_a sentence_n than_o to_o abandon_v his_o country_n or_o once_o commit_v the_o least_o fault_n against_o his_o sovereign_n though_o guilty_a of_o much_o injustice_n towards_o he_o fidelity_n he_o may_v perchance_o have_v sway_v the_o sovereign_a sceptre_n of_o china_n if_o he_o will_v have_v hearken_v to_o his_o soldier_n but_o he_o rather_o choose_v to_o die_v glorious_o than_o to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o traitor_n after_o this_o man_n therefore_o have_v gain_v several_a victory_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o recover_v many_o city_n from_o their_o possession_n so_o as_o he_o hope_v short_o whole_o to_o extirpate_v they_o out_o of_o china_n his_o soldier_n be_v long_o without_o pay_n seditious_o plunder_v and_o pillage_v a_o town_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o king_n ignatius_n by_o several_a petition_n and_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o emperor_n have_v declare_v his_o want_n of_o money_n and_o their_o want_n of_o pay_n but_o because_o he_o feed_v not_o those_o venal_a soul_n that_o manage_v the_o business_n for_o money_n and_o present_n piety_n they_o always_o suppress_v his_o humble_a address_n for_o relief_n beside_o this_o man_n be_v a_o very_a pious_a christian_a he_o do_v nothing_o in_o his_o government_n but_o what_o be_v conform_v to_o reason_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n he_o incur_v the_o hatred_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a prefectâ—_n who_o usual_o receive_v bribe_n from_o the_o contest_a party_n demand_v favour_n of_o ignatius_n for_o their_o client_n but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o intercede_v for_o any_o unless_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o cause_n do_v also_o balance_v their_o petition_n and_o these_o man_n attribute_v this_o proceed_n not_o to_o virtue_n but_o to_o his_o pride_n think_v themselves_o undervalue_v by_o he_o deal_v underhand_o with_o the_o prefect_n in_o the_o court_n to_o stop_v the_o army_n pay_v that_o so_o they_o may_v destroy_v this_o innocent_a man_n moreover_o he_o be_v envy_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o the_o very_a court_n because_o he_o come_v to_o this_o eminent_a dignity_n by_o his_o own_o valour_n and_o industry_n which_o they_o imagine_v be_v only_o to_o be_v give_v to_o doctor_n and_o ignatius_n be_v but_o a_o licenciat_n as_o if_o the_o most_o learned_a must_v needs_o be_v also_o the_o most_o valorous_a in_o this_o conjuncture_n of_o affair_n the_o soldier_n not_o content_v with_o the_o seditious_a pillage_n see_v the_o most_o imminent_a danger_n hang_v over_o their_o most_o
rascally_a vagabond_n and_o loiter_a fellow_n they_o return_v again_o to_o besiege_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n caifung_a but_o despair_v to_o take_v it_o by_o force_n or_o assault_n they_o resolve_v to_o ruin_v it_o by_o a_o long_a siege_n that_o they_o may_v enjoy_v the_o immense_a riches_n of_o that_o noble_a city_n and_o though_o this_o town_n be_v three_o great_a league_n in_o circumference_n yet_o they_o round_v it_o so_o by_o their_o line_n as_o nothing_o can_v enter_v the_o city_n this_o drive_v they_o to_o some_o strait_n for_o although_o the_o purveyor_n for_o victual_n have_v bring_v in_o good_a store_n of_o provision_n in_o the_o two_o month_n space_n in_o which_o they_o be_v absent_a yet_o because_o that_o province_n which_o use_v to_o be_v most_o plentiful_a be_v now_o deficient_a in_o corn_n they_o can_v not_o make_v sufficient_a provision_n for_o six_o month_n siege_n for_o such_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n as_o be_v retire_v within_o the_o wall_n yet_o it_o hold_v out_o most_o resolute_o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n in_o which_o time_n though_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o hard_a shift_n yet_o hope_v always_o for_o succour_n from_o their_o emperor_n they_o will_v never_o submit_v to_o any_o condition_n i_o dare_v not_o relate_v to_o what_o a_o excess_n this_o famine_n come_v to_o but_o it_o seem_v it_o surpass_v the_o famine_n of_o jerusalem_n a_o pound_n of_o rice_n be_v worth_a a_o pound_n of_o silver_n famin._n and_o a_o pound_n of_o any_o old_a rot_a skin_n be_v sell_v at_o ten_o crown_n dead_a man_n flesh_n be_v sell_v public_o in_o the_o shambles_n as_o hog_n flesh_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v a_o act_n of_o piety_n to_o expose_v the_o dead_a in_o the_o street_n for_o other_o to_o feed_v on_o who_o short_o be_v to_o be_v food_n for_o other_o but_o i_o will_v pass_v over_o and_o conceal_v yet_o more_o horrible_a thing_n than_o i_o have_v relate_v this_o city_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n side_n of_o that_o vast_a and_o precipitate_a river_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hoang_n because_o the_o stream_n always_o appear_v of_o a_o yellowish_a saffron_n colour_n and_o because_o the_o river_n be_v high_a than_o the_o plain_a level_n down_n of_o a_o league_n distance_n from_o the_o town_n they_o build_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n a_o long_a and_o strong_a bulwark_n of_o great_a square_a stone_n to_o prevent_v all_o inundation_n the_o emperor_n army_n after_o long_a expectation_n come_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o these_o bulwark_n and_o have_v consider_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n and_o enemy_n camp_n it_o be_v think_v the_o fit_a &_o easy_a way_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n without_o give_v battle_n and_o to_o let_v in_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o enemy_n army_n by_o some_o breach_n make_v in_o that_o long_a wall_n or_o bulwark_n it_o be_v in_o autumn_n when_o they_o take_v this_o resolution_n and_o the_o river_n by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a rain_n be_v swell_v big_a than_o ever_o before_o and_o they_o make_v the_o sluice_n or_o inlet_n too_o great_a and_o the_o breach_n too_o wide_o give_v way_n to_o such_o a_o ocean_n of_o water_n as_o it_o overrun_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v very_o stately_a and_o high_a involve_v not_o only_a many_o of_o the_o enemy_n in_o its_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n drown_v but_o also_o 300000._o man_n and_o the_o city_n itself_o perish_v in_o those_o flood_n of_o water_n so_o the_o ancient_a city_n which_o heretofore_o have_v be_v honour_v by_o the_o emperor_n residence_n appear_v no_o more_o a_o place_n of_o pleasure_n but_o a_o vast_a pool_n or_o lake_n for_o monster_n of_o the_o water_n to_o inhabit_v for_o the_o house_n of_o the_o town_n be_v not_o overrun_v with_o water_n but_o also_o beat_v down_o and_o also_o the_o church_n of_o the_o christian_n together_o with_o their_o priest_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n who_o when_o he_o can_v timely_o enough_o have_v save_v himself_o choose_v rather_o to_o laydown_o his_o life_n for_o the_o sheep_n for_o that_o city_n have_v many_o christian_n the_o destruction_n of_o this_o city_n happen_v the_o nine_o of_o oct._n 1642._o about_o which_o time_n this_o famous_a conductour_n of_o thief_n take_v the_o name_n of_o king_n king_n with_o a_o addition_n of_o xunvang_n which_o sound_v as_o much_o as_o prosperous_a and_o so_o be_v style_v licungzus_n the_o prosperous_a and_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n take_v all_o the_o country_n of_o honan_n into_o his_o dominion_n he_o return_v into_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o win_v it_o whole_o to_o his_o subjection_n when_o he_o come_v to_o sigan_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o xensi_fw-la he_o find_v some_o resistance_n from_o the_o garrison_n but_o yet_o he_o take_v it_o in_o three_o day_n and_o for_o a_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n to_o his_o soldier_n he_o give_v it_o to_o they_o to_o pillage_n also_o for_o three_o day_n space_n and_o then_o he_o gather_v up_o all_o the_o corn_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n as_o well_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o country_n in_o their_o duty_n to_o he_o as_o also_o to_o leave_v no_o provision_n for_o the_o emperor_n army_n and_o now_o think_v himself_o secure_a of_o the_o whole_a empire_n he_o take_v the_o name_n of_o emperor_n upon_o he_o emperor_n and_o style_v the_o family_n wherein_o he_o think_v to_o establish_v this_o dignity_n thienxunam_fw-la as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v obedient_a to_o heaven_n by_o which_o title_n he_o persuade_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o people_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o he_o shall_v reign_v that_o he_o may_v deliver_v the_o people_n from_o the_o emperor_n avarice_n and_o extirpate_v those_o wicked_a governor_n that_o so_o much_o vex_v the_o nation_n &_o deliver_v they_o from_o all_o their_o perfidious_a plot_n for_o he_o know_v well_o that_o this_o glorious_a title_n will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a to_o they_o of_o china_n who_o believe_v that_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n come_v only_o from_o heaven_n and_o be_v not_o gain_v by_o any_o art_n or_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o that_o his_o action_n may_v carry_v a_o face_n correspondent_a to_o his_o illustrious_a title_n he_o begin_v to_o use_v the_o people_n with_o all_o humility_n and_o sweetness_n not_o permit_v any_o soldier_n to_o wrong_v or_o injure_v they_o government_n only_o he_o persecute_v all_o the_o officer_n call_v precedent_n which_o he_o can_v find_v and_o all_o those_o he_o put_v to_o death_n and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o have_v be_v precedent_n because_o he_o find_v they_o rich_a he_o make_v they_o pay_v great_a fine_n and_o let_v they_o live_v remit_v all_o tax_n in_o the_o place_n he_o subdue_v severe_o command_v that_o the_o subject_n shall_v be_v treat_v with_o all_o civility_n and_o courtesy_n so_o as_o all_o man_n applaud_v and_o love_v so_o sweet_a and_o mild_a a_o government_n easy_o submit_v to_o his_o power_n and_o dominion_n but_o where_o the_o governor_n use_v tyranny_n there_o the_o subject_n have_v little_a care_n of_o fidelity_n there_o be_v in_o this_o city_n sigan_n two_o priest_n which_o serve_v the_o christian_n that_o be_v jesuit_n and_o suffer_v much_o in_o the_o saccage_n of_o the_o city_n but_o be_v afterward_o know_v for_o stranger_n they_o be_v use_v with_o all_o humanity_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n a_o three_o cause_n of_o this_o empire_n ruin_n grow_v up_o in_o the_o court_n which_o be_v hatch_v in_o the_o emperor_n thienkins_n his_o time_n for_o that_o emperor_n exalt_v a_o eunuch_n call_v â—ueio_n china_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o power_n as_o he_o give_v the_o absolute_a and_o sovereign_a command_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o pass_v so_o far_o as_o always_o to_o style_v he_o by_o the_o name_n of_o father_n this_o extravagant_a power_n cause_v much_o envy_n dissension_n and_o band_v one_o against_o another_o among_o the_o governor_n precedent_n commander_n and_o counsellor_n and_o the_o eunuch_n also_o add_v much_o to_o incense_v the_o flame_n by_o his_o indiscreet_a usage_n of_o the_o favour_n he_o possess_v for_o if_o any_o man_n have_v touch_v he_o either_o in_o word_n or_o writing_n or_o express_v less_o respect_n unto_o he_o in_o conversation_n or_o behaviour_n or_o do_v not_o flatter_v the_o base_a fellow_n he_o will_v present_o give_v order_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n though_o he_o be_v a_o very_a eminent_a person_n or_o at_o least_o degrade_v he_o from_o all_o office_n or_o dignity_n by_o which_o mean_v he_o exasperate_v many_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o offend_v zunchinius_n when_o prince_n who_o now_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n without_o issue_n be_v come_v to_o to_o be_v emperor_n of_o china_n this_o emperor_n know_v that_o the_o eunuch_n have_v move_v
with_o the_o other_o raze_v bring_v the_o city_n to_o great_a strait_n but_o yet_o they_o can_v not_o win_v it_o till_o at_o length_n they_o find_v mean_n by_o a_o rare_a invention_n to_o transport_v their_o canon_n over_o the_o mountain_n upon_o porter_n shoulder_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o dismantle_v the_o town_n and_o put_v all_o whatsoever_o to_o the_o sword_n to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o person_n as_o my_o own_o friend_n write_v unto_o i_o and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o they_o set_v fire_n on_o the_o town_n and_o bring_v it_o all_o to_o ash_n by_o which_o mean_n the_o stately_a church_n erect_v by_o the_o christian_n for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n be_v also_o consume_v by_o that_o devour_a flame_n yet_o the_o priest_n that_o serve_v in_o that_o church_n get_v out_o miraculous_o as_o lot_n do_v out_o of_o sodom_n which_o name_n be_v appropriate_v to_o this_o city_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o infamous_a vice_n this_o city_n be_v take_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o recover_v the_o country_n for_o some_o flee_v to_o save_v themselves_o in_o the_o mountain_n other_o run_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o when_o this_o new_a army_n have_v pacify_v all_o they_o be_v call_v back_o to_o peking_n where_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o observe_v the_o policy_n which_o the_o tartar_n use_v in_o the_o government_n and_o order_n of_o their_o army_n they_o be_v ever_o call_v back_o some_o and_o send_v out_o other_o in_o which_o proceed_v they_o aim_v at_o two_o thing_n first_o to_o keep_v the_o country_n in_o awe_n and_o subjection_n by_o see_v variety_n of_o troop_n continual_o pass_v up_o and_o down_o and_o second_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o wealthy_a soldier_n be_v call_v back_o to_o recreate_v and_o ease_v labour_n and_o the_o poor_a soldier_n see_v his_o companion_n grow_v rich_a takes_z heart_n and_o courage_n to_o run_v the_o same_o course_n upon_o hope_n of_o the_o like_a good_a fortune_n yet_o for_o all_o these_o prevention_n and_o caution_n their_o empire_n be_v not_o so_o establish_v but_o by_o frequent_a rebellion_n it_o be_v often_o endanger_v and_o particular_o by_o one_o rebellion_n which_o now_o i_o will_v relate_v which_o shake_v shrewd_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o new_a empire_n the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v of_o so_o vast_a a_o extent_n garrison_n as_o it_o be_v a_o business_n of_o main_a importance_n to_o distribute_v judicious_o the_o army_n and_o garrison_n now_o because_o the_o tartar_n alone_o can_v suffice_v to_o furnish_v both_o they_o be_v force_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o although_o they_o have_v a_o special_a care_n never_o to_o leave_v or_o place_v either_o commander_n or_o soldier_n who_o be_v a_o native_a in_o the_o same_o country_n yet_o this_o care_n can_v not_o exempt_v they_o from_o several_a treason_n and_o rebellion_n though_o they_o distribute_v &_o order_v their_o militia_n with_o great_a circumspection_n for_o the_o chief_a commander_n or_o governor_n reside_v in_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n who_o all_o inferior_a officer_n obey_v this_o man_n maintain_v always_o a_o complete_a army_n which_o he_o command_v to_o march_v when_o he_o hear_v of_o any_o rise_n every_o city_n have_v also_o their_o own_o proper_a governor_n with_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o soldier_n but_o those_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v tartar_n and_o these_o be_v chine_n but_o all_o this_o political_a and_o wellestablished_n government_n can_v not_o defend_v they_o from_o traitor_n among_o themselves_o the_o first_o man_n that_o do_v revolt_v from_o they_o be_v one_o kinus_n governor_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n rebell_v this_o man_n be_v bear_v in_o leaotung_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o country_n that_o border_n upon_o tartary_n the_o king_n common_o must_v confide_n in_o the_o native_n of_o that_o province_n it_o happen_v i_o know_v not_o how_o that_o this_o governor_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o corruption_n and_o avarice_n of_o the_o visitor_n of_o the_o country_n have_v some_o contest_v with_o he_o which_o grow_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o a_o secret_a hatred_n kiansi_fw-la and_o although_o they_o both_o dissemble_v their_o private_a malice_n as_o usual_o they_o do_v in_o china_n yet_o at_o length_n the_o flame_n break_v out_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o country_n for_o be_v the_o one_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o the_o other_o of_o justice_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o often_o meeting_n &_o feast_n also_o it_o happen_v once_o that_o whilst_o they_o be_v feast_v with_o a_o sumptuous_a banquet_n they_o be_v also_o entertain_v by_o a_o pleasant_a comedy_n in_o which_o the_o actor_n be_v attire_v with_o the_o habit_n of_o china_n which_o be_v more_o comely_a and_o fair_a than_o those_o which_o the_o tartar_n use_n upon_o which_o occasion_n kinus_n turn_v himself_o to_o the_o visitor_n say_v be_v not_o this_o habit_n better_o &_o grave_a than_o we_o this_o innocent_a speech_n be_v interpret_v by_o his_o corrival_n judge_n as_o if_o he_o have_v contemn_v the_o edict_n about_o change_v of_o habit_n and_o express_v too_o much_o love_n to_o the_o chine_n garment_n before_o those_o of_o the_o tartar_n and_o of_o this_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o advertise_v the_o emperor_n but_o the_o governor_n kinus_n have_v corrupt_v a_o secretary_n which_o serve_v the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n who_o give_v he_o intelligence_n of_o all_o that_o pass_v in_o word_n or_o deed_n in_o his_o master_n house_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v notice_n that_o this_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o the_o court_n he_o present_o dispatch_v those_o who_o intercept_v the_o packet_n which_o the_o governor_n have_v read_v go_v present_o arm_v to_o the_o judge_n palace_n who_o he_o sudden_o kill_v then_o present_o he_o with_o the_o whole_a province_n revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n and_o with_o the_o great_a applause_n of_o all_o the_o chinese_n he_o submit_v 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neither_o be_v it_o safe_a for_o he_o to_o leave_v a_o enemy_n behind_o he_o nor_o can_v be_v receive_v victual_n from_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n but_o by_o cancheu_o which_o be_v the_o natural_a descent_n of_o the_o river_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o hear_v of_o lihuzu_n defeat_n he_o present_o besiege_v that_o city_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n but_o whilst_o he_o be_v besiege_v this_o city_n there_o come_v unfortunate_o a_o new_a army_n of_o tartar_n from_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n which_o have_v order_n to_o recover_v this_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o therefore_o kinus_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v his_o siege_n to_o oppose_v their_o entrance_n by_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o at_o first_o have_v a_o vast_a army_n and_o use_v to_o the_o tartarian_a warfare_n he_o fight_v both_o valiant_o and_o happy_o but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v any_o long_o their_o redouble_a violent_a assault_n tartar_n he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v for_o 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quamgtung_n can_v never_o subdue_v the_o city_n of_o chancheu_fw-la by_o which_o his_o succour_n be_v to_o pass_v wherefore_o kinus_n be_v bring_v to_o great_a extremity_n express_v his_o mind_n to_o his_o soldier_n in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v no_o further_a hope_n my_o faithful_a companion_n but_o in_o our_o own_o valour_n and_o strength_n we_o must_v force_v our_o way_n through_o the_o tartarian_a army_n by_o dint_n of_o sword_n be_v courageous_a and_o follow_v my_o example_n city_n and_o have_v order_v all_o affair_n he_o sudden_o make_v a_o sally_n out_o of_o the_o town_n upon_o their_o trench_n where_o though_o he_o find_v a_o vigorous_a opposition_n yet_o with_o great_a difficulty_n he_o pass_v and_o force_v their_o trench_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o save_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n have_v kill_v many_o tartar_n for_o it_o be_v constant_o report_v that_o kinus_n with_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o army_n live_v in_o the_o mountain_n expect_v there_o some_o good_a occasion_n to_o renew_v the_o war._n he_o be_v thus_o escape_v destroy_v the_o tartar_n pillage_v the_o city_n and_o put_v all_o the_o citizen_n to_o the_o sword_n for_o it_o be_v the_o tartar_n custom_n to_o spare_v all_o city_n which_o submit_v to_o they_o and_o to_o those_o which_o have_v make_v resistance_n before_o they_o be_v take_v they_o be_v more_o cruel_a but_o they_o never_o spare_v or_o pardon_v those_o city_n which_o revolt_v after_o they_o have_v once_o be_v take_v in_o this_o slaughter_n they_o kill_v the_o two_o priest_n which_o there_o assist_v the_o christian_n and_o their_o ancient_a and_o fair_a church_n be_v burn_v in_o the_o city_n after_o this_o the_o tartar_n easy_o recover_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o have_v appease_v all_o and_o leave_v new_a garrison_n in_o all_o place_n the_o army_n return_v victorious_a to_o the_o royal_a city_n of_o peking_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o court_n prepare_v new_a army_n to_o reduce_v quamgtung_n with_o the_o other_o province_n which_o acknowledge_v jungley_n for_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n for_o the_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n of_o tartary_n find_v the_o defection_n and_o rebellion_n in_o the_o southern_a part_n to_o be_v very_o frequent_a resolve_v to_o give_v those_o quarter_n over_o to_o some_o tributary_n royolet_n china_n the_o better_a to_o contain_v those_o country_n in_o their_o duty_n wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n mdcxlix_o he_o send_v three_o army_n consist_v partly_o of_o tartar_n and_o partly_o of_o chineses_n under_o three_o tributary_n princess_n to_o govern_v these_o province_n with_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n one_o of_o these_o be_v king_n of_o fokien_n another_o of_o quamgtung_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n but_o with_o this_o condition_n that_o first_o of_o all_o they_o shall_v join_v their_o force_n to_o recover_v the_o country_n of_o quamgtung_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n but_o we_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o hereafter_o now_o have_v see_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o south_n let_v we_o look_v a_o little_a back_n on_o the_o rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n against_o the_o tartar_n also_o in_o these_o northern_a part_n the_o chineses_n show_v their_o desire_n of_o liberty_n as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o south_n where_o the_o commander_n though_o overthrow_v yet_o not_o take_v retire_v into_o the_o abrupt_a and_o precipitious_a mountain_n where_o they_o hold_v counsel_n how_o they_o may_v shake_v off_o the_o tartar_n dominion_n three_o of_o these_o head_n inhabit_v the_o thick_a and_o high_a place_n of_o that_o mountainous_a country_n tartar_n the_o chief_a of_o who_o be_v call_v house_n this_o man_n be_v strong_a in_o man_n invite_v the_o rest_n to_o join_v with_o he_o to_o deliver_v his_o country_n from_o this_o miserable_a thraldom_n one_o of_o they_o consent_v the_o other_o can_v not_o come_v but_o send_v he_o two_o thousand_o man_n to_o assist_v he_o so_o as_o house_n march_v out_o with_o five_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n which_o be_v no_o contemptible_a army_n if_o they_o have_v be_v as_o courageous_a as_o numerous_a he_o put_v out_o a_o proclamation_n in_o which_o he_o challenge_v the_o tartar_n and_o threaten_v they_o all_o extremity_n and_o to_o the_o chinese_n he_o promise_v all_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n and_o upon_o these_o hope_n many_o town_n and_o city_n admit_v he_o very_o willing_o sigan_n the_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o only_a place_n able_a to_o resist_v he_o have_v within_o its_o wall_n three_o thousand_o tartar_n and_o two_o thousand_o select_a man_n of_o china_n who_o serve_v the_o tartar_n the_o governor_n of_o this_o town_n hear_v of_o house_n his_o motion_n gather_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o long_a siege_n till_o a_o new_a supply_n of_o tartarian_a force_n can_v be_v send_v he_o but_o when_o be_v hear_v that_o all_o the_o town_n and_o city_n in_o the_o country_n do_v voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o house_n governor_n to_o prevent_v the_o like_a effect_n in_o this_o city_n he_o resolve_v to_o murder_v all_o the_o citizen_n most_o barbarous_o nor_o will_v he_o ever_o be_v remove_v from_o this_o unhuman_a sentence_n till_o the_o viceroy_n command_v and_o persuade_v and_o the_o citizen_n promise_v all_o faithful_a service_n at_o length_n he_o change_v this_o tyrannical_a counsel_n but_o he_o command_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n that_o the_o chinese_n who_o love_v so_o much_o their_o hair_n that_o they_o only_o cut_v a_o little_a of_o it_o away_o about_o their_o temple_n shall_v hereafter_o shave_v it_o off_o whole_o and_o total_o that_o so_o he_o may_v distinguish_v the_o citizen_n from_o any_o other_o if_o perchance_o they_o enter_v he_o ordain_v beside_o that_o if_o any_o speak_v more_o than_o two_o together_o they_o shall_v all_o be_v present_o kill_v he_o forbid_v all_o man_n to_o walk_v upon_o the_o wall_n or_o to_o walk_v in_o the_o street_n by_o night_n or_o to_o keep_v a_o fire_n or_o candle_n in_o his_o house_n by_o night_n and_o final_o disarm_v all_o declare_v it_o death_n to_o infringe_v any_o of_o these_o order_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v besiege_v he_o send_v out_o some_o scoot_n to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n strength_n who_o be_v partly_o kill_v and_o partly_o come_v fly_v back_o to_o the_o city_n but_o this_o tartarian_a governor_n as_o well_o to_o make_v a_o ostentation_n of_o his_o strength_n as_o of_o his_o security_n command_v the_o city_n gate_n to_o be_v leave_v open_a nor_o will_v he_o permit_v the_o draw_n bridge_n to_o be_v raise_v or_o pull_v up_o to_o show_v he_o fear_v nothing_o but_o for_o all_o this_o the_o commander_n house_n besiege_n this_o city_n afar_o off_o which_o be_v three_o league_n compass_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o their_o artillery_n and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v make_v a_o show_n of_o
themselves_o constant_a to_o he_o and_o this_o memorial_n of_o he_o i_o owe_v as_o well_o to_o the_o singular_a friendship_n he_o be_v please_v to_o contract_v with_o i_o as_o also_o to_o his_o eminent_a virtue_n of_o which_o i_o myself_o &_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o christian_n in_o china_n be_v both_o spectator_n and_o admirer_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n he_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o nanquin_n in_o the_o city_n changcho_n be_v call_v kiu_n thomas_n a_o name_n most_o worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n during_o the_o saccage_n of_o these_o province_n news_n arrive_v from_o the_o country_n of_o suchuen_n which_o the_o notorious_a brigand_n call_v changhienchungus_n famous_a for_o his_o strange_a cruelty_n and_o abominable_a villainy_n have_v so_o waste_v that_o it_o begin_v again_o to_o be_v shake_v with_o several_a tempest_n of_o war_n &_o though_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v quite_o destroy_v in_o the_o last_o battle_n yet_o from_o thence_o do_v appear_v again_o new_a trouble_n and_o vexation_n to_o the_o empire_n the_o province_n of_o fokien_n also_o begin_v to_o groan_v under_o the_o same_o miserable_a condition_n of_o war_n for_o the_o reverend_a father_n peter_n canevary_n native_a of_o genua_n write_v out_o of_o the_o city_n changcheu_o which_o be_v besiege_v the_o 30._o of_o march_n 1652._o that_o quesingus_n have_v make_v a_o descent_n from_o his_o ship_n into_o that_o province_n have_v overrun_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v some_o city_n and_o town_n and_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o great_a terror_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n insomuch_o as_o the_o tartarian_a commander_n keep_v themselves_o and_o their_o army_n in_o their_o fort_n and_o other_o place_n of_o strength_n not_o dare_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o oppose_v he_o but_o yet_o he_o say_v they_o expect_v new_a force_n and_o succour_n from_o peking_n by_o which_o they_o doubt_v not_o but_o quick_o to_o subdue_v he_o this_o quesingus_n who_o now_o vex_v this_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v son_n to_o the_o famous_a pirate_n iquon_n or_o chinchilungo_n who_o the_o tartar_n imprison_v by_o a_o slight_a as_o i_o recount_v to_o you_o in_o my_o former_a history_n and_o to_o let_v you_o know_v what_o i_o further_o hear_v from_o some_o passenger_n of_o china_n who_o in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n 1653._o be_v cast_v in_o a_o ship_n of_o china_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o a_o island_n call_v new_a holland_n whither_o i_o have_v be_v bring_v before_o by_o their_o bark_n and_o soldier_n as_o their_o prisoner_n these_o man_n relate_v that_o a_o great_a army_n of_o tartar_n be_v arrive_v to_o subdue_v quesingus_n who_o commander_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o join_v art_n to_o his_o force_n and_o therefore_o he_o command_v a_o handful_n of_o man_n to_o charge_v the_o chinese_n army_n and_o present_o by_o feign_v flight_n to_o retire_v to_o more_o advantageous_a and_o sure_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o have_v place_v a_o number_n of_o horse_n in_o a_o deep_a valley_n behind_o a_o mountain_n towards_o which_o quarter_n the_o fugitive_a troop_n retire_v this_o flight_n give_v courage_n to_o the_o chinese_n and_o the_o desire_n of_o victory_n make_v they_o venture_v so_o far_o from_o the_o river_n change_v where_o their_o ship_n lay_v at_o anchor_n as_o they_o find_v themselves_o environ_v by_o the_o tartar_n army_n this_o desperate_a condition_n which_o exclude_v the_o chineses_n from_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n cause_v a_o very_a great_a and_o bloody_a slaughter_n in_o which_o there_o perish_v above_o 80000_o of_o the_o chinese_n army_n whilst_o quesingus_n a_o spectator_n of_o this_o sad_a accident_n from_o the_o mast_n of_o his_o ship_n as_o they_o relate_v be_v hear_v to_o say_v that_o he_o will_v once_o more_o try_v his_o fortune_n against_o the_o tartar_n but_o if_o she_o prove_v again_o adverse_a unto_o he_o he_o then_o will_v submit_v and_o shave_v his_o hair_n like_o a_o tartar_n concern_v the_o present_a state_n of_o christian_a religion_n be_v at_o brussels_n this_o last_o junse_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o i_o receive_v letter_n from_o china_n in_o which_o they_o give_v i_o notice_n that_o the_o father_n jesuit_n be_v very_o favourable_o treat_v by_o the_o tartar_n yea_o better_a than_o before_o that_o they_o permit_v free_a exercise_n of_o the_o christian_n catholic_n religion_n through_o all_o their_o kingdom_n grant_v they_o leave_v not_o only_o to_o enjoy_v their_o ancient_a church_n but_o also_o liberal_o contribute_v to_o build_v new_a one_o so_o by_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n that_o which_o endamage_v other_o prove_v gain_v to_o they_o but_o i_o reserve_v all_o particular_n to_o a_o large_a relation_n in_o a_o great_a volume_n which_o shall_v continue_v trigautius_n his_o history_n of_o the_o mission_n dispatch_v into_o china_n conclude_v with_o the_o year_n 1610_o to_o these_o our_o present_a time_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o to_o be_v sell_v by_o john_n crook_n at_o the_o 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walter_n montague_n 4o._o parthenissa_n a_o excellent_a new_a romance_n write_v by_o the_o lord_n broghill_n in_o 4_o part_n quarto_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sine_fw-la introductorium_fw-la anglico-latino-graecum_a complectens_fw-la colloquia_fw-la familiaria_fw-la aesopi_n fabulas_fw-la &_o luciani_n mortuorum_fw-la dialogos_fw-la in_o usum_fw-la scholarum_fw-la per_fw-la johannem_fw-la shirley_n octavo_fw-la de_fw-fr hibernia_n
name_n although_o learned_a man_n do_v derive_v it_o from_o rate_n a_o ancient_a part_n of_o that_o country_n now_o this_o people_n run_v over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n like_o swarm_n of_o bee_n do_v fill_v it_o with_o several_a trade_n whereunto_o they_o apply_v themselves_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n they_o lead_v a_o miserable_a life_n and_o be_v therefore_o so_o penurious_a niggardly_a and_o dry_a in_o their_o present_n that_o they_o pass_v in_o ridiculous_a proverb_n through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o sturgeon_n which_o it_o have_v of_o very_o great_a bigness_n and_o more_o for_o the_o porcelain_n dish_n indeed_o the_o only_a work_n in_o the_o world_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v make_v only_o in_o one_o of_o its_o town_n so_o that_o all_o that_o be_v use_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v bring_v from_o this_o place_n although_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v come_v from_o another_o 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rich_a and_o make_v so_o much_o cotton-wool_n that_o those_o of_o the_o country_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v only_o in_o the_o town_n of_o xanuchi_n and_o the_o precinct_n thereof_o which_o be_v large_a 200000_o loom_n for_o this_o stuff_n so_o that_o from_o that_o place_n only_o the_o king_n draw_v 150000_o crown_n yearly_a in_o one_o house_n there_o use_v to_o be_v many_o of_o they_o for_o they_o be_v narrow_a as_o the_o stuff_n be_v almost_o all_o the_o woman_n be_v employ_v in_o this_o work_n the_o court_n do_v reside_v in_o this_o province_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o even_o to_o this_o day_n all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o privilege_n thereof_o be_v conserve_v in_o the_o city_n of_o nankim_n who_o right_a name_n be_v umthienfu_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o great_a city_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o for_o the_o form_n of_o the_o building_n the_o largeness_n of_o the_o street_n the_o manner_n and_o deal_n of_o the_o people_n and_o 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nor_o those_o of_o they_o that_o study_v be_v allow_v to_o come_v to_o the_o examination_n to_o take_v their_o degree_n about_o 20_o year_n since_o after_o many_o earnest_a solicitation_n make_v by_o they_o and_o opposition_n by_o the_o contrary_a part_n they_o have_v the_o privilege_n grant_v they_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o all_o examination_n and_o the_o examiner_n be_v oblige_v to_o confer_v degree_n on_o some_o of_o they_o but_o not_o to_o many_o the_o common_a people_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o all_o vocation_n be_v admit_v except_o those_o that_o be_v infamous_a as_o the_o servant_n of_o the_o mandarines_n not_o their_o household_n servant_n but_o those_o which_o serve_v they_o in_o their_o tribunal_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n sergeants_n bailiff_n catchpole_n rogue_n executioner_n and_o guardian_n of_o
only_o 3_o string_n and_o be_v the_o usual_a instrument_n of_o the_o blind_a man_n they_o use_v also_o the_o violin_n with_o 3_o string_n and_o its_o bow_n they_o have_v also_o another_o with_o one_o only_a string_n which_o they_o play_v on_o like_v to_o our_o bow_n vyollin_a the_o chief_a string_a instrument_n which_o they_o have_v be_v of_o seven_o string_n and_o be_v in_o more_o esteem_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o if_o the_o musician_n be_v skilful_a it_o make_v tolerable_a music_n the_o five_o be_v of_o wood_n of_o this_o kind_n they_o make_v certain_a thin_a piece_n of_o board_n &_o lay_v they_o together_o they_o play_v upon_o they_o all_o at_o once_o like_a snapper_n or_o castagnet_n the_o bonzi_n also_o have_v a_o particular_a way_n by_o themselves_o of_o strike_v and_o play_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o that_o with_o much_o keep_n of_o time_n the_o six_o be_v of_o those_o instrument_n which_o be_v sound_v with_o the_o mouth_n as_o flute_n of_o which_o they_o have_v 2_o 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and_o manner_n of_o composition_n the_o chief_a be_v eight_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o relate_v one_o to_o you_o to_o give_v you_o some_o knowledge_n of_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o poesy_n the_o verse_n be_v to_o be_v eight_o in_o number_n consist_v each_o of_o they_o of_o five_o letter_n and_o the_o consonancy_n of_o rythme_n to_o be_v every_o other_o verse_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o first_o may_v have_v it_o or_o no_o as_o they_o please_v but_o the_o second_o must_v rhyme_v to_o the_o four_o the_o five_o with_o the_o sixth_o the_o seven_o with_o the_o eight_o the_o three_o five_o and_o seven_o have_v no_o consonancy_n of_o rhyme_n but_o the_o letter_n be_v to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o one_o another_o as_o also_o the_o verse_n that_o do_v observe_v a_o consonancy_n be_v likewise_o to_o have_v their_o letter_n to_o correspond_v to_o one_o another_o the_o first_o with_o the_o first_o the_o second_o with_o the_o second_o etc._n etc._n and_o this_o correspondency_n consist_v not_o in_o rhyme_v but_o in_o the_o signification_n wherefore_o if_o the_o first_o letter_n of_o the_o second_o verse_n signify_v a_o mountain_n water_n fire_n or_o whatsoever_o else_o the_o first_o letter_n of_o the_o four_o verse_n must_v likewise_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o second_o and_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o whole_a verse_n this_o be_v a_o very_a artificial_a way_n but_o difficult_a in_o the_o conceit_n of_o their_o verse_n and_o in_o the_o figure_n with_o which_o they_o express_v themselves_o they_o use_v almost_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o we_o in_o europe_n they_o have_v another_o kind_n of_o verse_n of_o less_o esteem_n like_o ordinary_a rhyme_n which_o be_v every_o where_n in_o request_n but_o the_o nobilitiá_n and_o particular_o those_o of_o the_o king_n kindred_n and_o blood-royal_n be_v much_o addict_v unto_o the_o eight_o manner_n of_o verse_n above_o mention_v in_o which_o they_o make_v many_o several_a poesy_n chief_o in_o commendation_n of_o their_o friend_n of_o famous_a man_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o of_o several_a virtue_n in_o paint_v they_o have_v more_o curiosity_n than_o perfection_n they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v use_n either_o of_o oil_n or_o shadow_v in_o this_o art_n and_o do_v therefore_o paint_v the_o figure_n of_o man_n without_o any_o grace_n at_o all_o but_o tree_n flower_n bird_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n they_o paint_v very_o much_o to_o the_o life_n but_o at_o present_a there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o who_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o we_o that_o use_v oil_n and_o be_v come_v to_o make_v perfect_a picture_n medicine_n or_o physic_n be_v in_o a_o very_a good_a condition_n in_o china_n because_o they_o have_v abundance_n of_o good_a ancient_a book_n of_o that_o art_n be_v all_o their_o own_o author_n for_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v thither_o they_o do_v not_o let_v blood_n nor_o set_v on_o cupping-glass_n they_o use_v no_o syrup_n no_o potion_n no_o pill_n much_o less_o have_v they_o the_o use_n of_o cautery_n or_o issue_n a_o medicine_n of_o great_a advantage_n they_o be_v only_a herbalist_n use_v nothing_o but_o herb_n root_n fruit_n seed_n etc._n etc._n and_o all_o dry_a and_o for_o a_o great_a supply_n that_o which_o they_o have_v not_o in_o some_o province_n be_v bring_v they_o from_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v whole_a fair_n only_o of_o medicine_n and_o in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n the_o apothecary_n shop_n be_v very_o well_o provide_v from_o whence_o they_o furnish_v themselves_o but_o neither_o in_o bottle_n nor_o glass_n but_o of_o all_o other_o the_o physician_n be_v well_o provide_v because_o they_o never_o write_v any_o receipt_n but_o give_v the_o medicine_n themselves_o to_o the_o patient_a who_o they_o visit_v and_o all_o be_v do_v at_o the_o same_o visit_n therefore_o the_o physician_n have_v always_o follow_v he_o a_o boy_n carry_v a_o cabinet_n with_o five_o drawer_n each_o of_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o more_o than_o forty_o little_a square_n and_o all_o of_o they_o furnish_v with_o medicine_n ready_a ground_n and_o prepare_v they_o be_v very_o famous_a in_o judge_v of_o the_o pulse_n never_o ask_v the_o patient_a whether_o the_o pain_n be_v in_o his_o head_n shoulder_n or_o belly_n only_o they_o feel_v the_o pulse_n with_o both_o their_o hand_n lean_v upon_o a_o pillow_n or_o some_o other_o such_o thing_n observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o pulse_n for_o a_o good_a while_n and_o afterward_o do_v tell_v what_o the_o patient_a ail_v i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o they_o hit_v right_a on_o every_o thing_n in_o all_o patient_n nor_o that_o all_o physician_n be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o there_o be_v many_o which_o do_v not_o study_v and_o know_v
the_o kingdom_n i_o detain_v the_o petition_n which_o be_v present_v i_o without_o dispatch_v they_o i_o take_v no_o care_n of_o nominate_a magistrate_n as_o the_o kingdom_n need_v require_v and_o i_o know_v that_o at_o this_o present_a there_o be_v some_o want_v i_o have_v open_v nine_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n i_o have_v increase_v and_o multiply_v the_o gabell_n and_o excise_n i_o have_v disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n with_o tumult_n of_o war_n whence_o have_v follow_v discord_n with_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o great_a oppression_n and_o injury_n to_o their_o people_n wherefore_o think_v continual_o both_o night_n and_o day_n upon_o these_o thing_n i_o be_o hardly_o able_a to_o suffer_v the_o grief_n which_o my_o soul_n endure_v and_o which_o do_v now_o detest_v her_o former_a fault_n final_o i_o begin_v to_o take_v up_o better_a resolution_n but_o i_o be_o fall_v into_o this_o infirmity_n the_o which_o do_v still_o so_o increase_v that_o it_o make_v i_o believe_v i_o shall_v very_o short_o lose_v my_o life_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o have_v this_o only_a hope_n leave_v i_o that_o my_o son_n and_o nephew_n will_v amend_v my_o fault_n by_o lead_v a_o better_a life_n you_o therefore_o the_o heir_n of_o my_o kingdom_n see_v that_o you_o neither_o want_v ingenuity_n nor_o good_a disposition_n and_o because_o you_o have_v hitherto_o never_o forbear_v the_o exercise_n of_o piety_n obedience_n and_o other_o virtue_n be_v of_o good_a courage_n the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n be_v you_o let_v your_o principal_a care_n be_v well_o to_o compose_v your_o life_n and_o manner_n apply_v yourself_o with_o all_o study_n and_o industry_n to_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o kingdom_n love_v those_o that_o be_v good_a refuse_v not_o counsel_n take_v not_o advise_v in_o evil_a part_n that_o you_o may_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o great_a weight_n of_o this_o empire_n do_v your_o endeavour_n that_o your_o son_n my_o grandchild_n follow_v his_o study_n with_o all_o diligence_n be_v kind_n and_o love_a to_o your_o three_o brother_n assign_v they_o convenient_a habitation_n and_o provide_v for_o each_o of_o they_o a_o good_a revenue_n and_o honourable_a title_n use_v your_o utmost_a diligence_n that_o all_o your_o subject_n as_o well_o noble_a as_o ignoble_a may_v live_v in_o peace_n and_o love_v concord_n take_v care_n speedy_o to_o make_v the_o colai_n and_o other_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n for_o i_o do_v remember_v to_o have_v leave_v two_o place_n void_a and_o above_o all_o forget_v not_o to_o elect_v the_o king_n administratour_n these_o thing_n i_o recommend_v to_o you_o that_o you_o shall_v endeavour_v speedy_o to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n by_o all_o mean_n take_v off_o the_o new_a gabell_n at_o bridge_n the_o excise_n of_o silk_n stuff_n eartherne_a ware_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v late_o introduce_v take_v care_n that_o all_o cause_n which_o be_v depend_v in_o the_o tribunal_n be_v dispatch_v with_o diligence_n by_o some_o select_a judge_n and_o free_a the_o innocent_a the_o soldier_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o tartary_n do_v want_v their_o pay_n and_o provision_n let_v they_o be_v speedy_o supply_v out_o of_o the_o royal_a exchequer_n this_o last_o clause_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v add_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o his_o father_n testament_n i_o do_v recommend_v to_o you_o the_o soldier_n and_o captain_n which_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o last_o war_n honour_n their_o mortuary_n and_o their_o soul_n with_o new_a title_n assist_v their_o family_n by_o pay_v their_o arrear_n all_o this_o i_o brief_o ordain_v that_o you_o shall_v put_v it_o in_o execution_n assoon_o as_o possible_o you_o may_v as_o for_o my_o funeral_n cause_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v observe_v though_o i_o have_v rather_o for_o my_o particular_a satisfaction_n that_o in_o stead_n of_o twenty_o seven_o month_n as_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n they_o shall_v only_o last_v for_o so_o many_o day_n all_o the_o magistrate_n viceroy_n visitour_n and_o captain_n of_o war_n have_v more_o need_n to_o assist_v at_o their_o government_n and_o charge_n suffer_v not_o that_o they_o be_v call_v hither_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o my_o funeral_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a that_o when_o each_o have_v news_n of_o my_o death_n he_o cause_n to_o be_v do_v for_o three_o day_n in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v that_o which_o use_v to_o be_v perform_v at_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o king_n body_n the_o pastilio_n and_o other_o perfume_n wont_a to_o be_v present_v on_o the_o like_a occasion_n may_v be_v bring_v by_o the_o inferior_a officer_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a one_o but_o for_o the_o magistrate_n appoint_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o fort_n and_o the_o precedent_n of_o city_n and_o town_n my_o will_n be_v that_o in_o no_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o come_v as_o also_o that_o the_o stranger_n who_o be_v tributary_n to_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v excuse_v i_o do_v ordain_v that_o this_o my_o last_o will_n shall_v be_v publish_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o the_o ear_n of_o every_o one_o of_o my_o subject_n this_o be_v his_o will_n and_o testament_n which_o according_o be_v every_o where_o publish_v the_o other_o ceremony_n i_o forbear_v to_o write_v because_o they_o be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o we_o have_v already_o relate_v chap._n 18._o of_o the_o several_a sect_n of_o religion_n in_o china_n the_o chiness_n be_v general_o little_o incline_v to_o sect_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n near_o so_o many_o among_o they_o as_o among_o the_o people_n of_o giappon_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v three_o which_o although_o they_o be_v different_a yet_o that_o they_o may_v not_o err_v in_o any_o or_o to_o speak_v more_o correct_o that_o they_o may_v err_v the_o more_o they_o join_v they_o altogether_o two_o of_o they_o be_v proper_a to_o china_n and_o first_o spring_v up_o there_o the_o three_o which_o be_v of_o the_o idol_n be_v adventitious_a and_o come_v from_o india_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o litterati_fw-la and_o be_v more_o ancient_a among_o they_o than_o some_o do_v think_v who_o make_v confusio_fw-la to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o they_o worship_v no_o pagod_n or_o idol_n but_o acknowledge_v a_o superiority_n or_o deity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o chastise_v and_o to_o reward_v notwithstanding_o they_o have_v no_o church_n wherein_o they_o worship_v he_o nor_o any_o divine_a office_n which_o they_o celebrate_v nor_o any_o prayer_n that_o they_o rehearse_v nor_o any_o priest_n or_o minister_n which_o officiate_n at_o his_o service_n yet_o they_o speak_v and_o write_v in_o their_o book_n of_o this_o lord_n very_o honourable_o as_o of_o a_o divine_a person_n neither_o do_v they_o apply_v or_o attribute_v any_o undecent_a thing_n to_o he_o as_o our_o ancestor_n do_v to_o their_o go_n but_o as_o they_o do_v not_o perfect_o and_o distinct_o know_v the_o true_a god_n they_o fall_v to_o worship_v three_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o most_o renown_a powerful_a and_o profitable_a in_o the_o world_n the_o which_o they_o call_v san_n caiazzo_n that_o be_v heaven_n earth_n and_o man_n there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o nankim_n and_o pekim_n only_o very_o sumptuous_a temple_n for_o heaven_n and_o earth_n but_o which_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o wherein_o he_o only_o in_o his_o own_o person_n do_v sacrifice_n he_o be_v the_o minister_n also_o of_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n or_o by_o his_o order_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o rite_n in_o the_o city_n there_o be_v temple_n for_o the_o tutelar_a spirit_n to_o which_o the_o mandarines_n do_v sacrifice_n as_o also_o to_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o river_n mountain_n and_o of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v also_o temple_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o some_o man_n who_o have_v be_v famous_a benefactor_n to_o the_o public_a and_o therein_o be_v palce_v their_o image_n they_o do_v the_o same_o honour_n to_o their_o ancestor_n until_o the_o four_o degree_n upward_o for_o their_o soul_n in_o the_o next_o life_n they_o neither_o expect_v nor_o pray_v for_o any_o thing_n nevertheless_o they_o ask_v for_o temporal_a assistance_n in_o this_o life_n good_a fortune_n and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o imitate_v their_o good_a work_n and_o atchivement_n they_o pretend_v by_o this_o to_o stir_v up_o devotion_n in_o the_o people_n that_o they_o see_v how_o heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v honour_v as_o universal_a parent_n they_o may_v also_o honour_v their_o particular_a parent_n and_o see_v how_o famous_a man_n of_o former_a age_n be_v honour_v they_o may_v thereby_o endeavour_v to_o imitate_v they_o and_o see_v how_o their_o decease_a progreitour_n
any_o of_o these_o thing_n the_o mandarines_n take_v themselves_o large_a share_n of_o they_o and_o if_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o people_n sacrifice_n such_o as_o be_v the_o head_n of_o family_n it_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o kindred_n the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n after_o they_o have_v make_v their_o offering_n which_o be_v common_o boil_a before_o hand_n take_v up_o every_o thing_n again_o then_o have_v dress_v it_o anew_o according_a to_o their_o fancy_n they_o make_v a_o feast_n with_o it_o where_o it_o be_v all_o eat_v they_o sacrifice_v many_o other_o thing_n as_o banner_n and_o umbrella_n all_o of_o silk_n several_a figure_n mould_v in_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o else_o make_v of_o orpine_n or_o base_a gold_n great_a sum_n of_o money_n make_v of_o cut_a paper_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v ready_o make_v in_o the_o market_n place_n at_o the_o shop_n of_o several_a artificer_n and_o after_o they_o be_v sacrifice_v they_o burn_v they_o all_o every_o 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officer_n to_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hill_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o rest_n as_o to_o their_o idol_n their_o household-god_n genij_fw-la or_o tutelar_a angel_n any_o one_o sacrifice_v that_o will_n there_o be_v set_v time_n and_o place_n appoint_v for_o it_o except_o at_o sometime_o they_o do_v accommodate_v themselves_o both_o to_o the_o occasion_n and_o place_n as_o when_o any_o one_o be_v to_o take_v a_o voyage_n by_o water_n he_o offer_v sacrifice_n on_o the_o day_n whereon_o he_o depart_v and_o that_o either_o in_o the_o bark_n or_o on_o the_o next_o shore_n chap._n 20._o of_o the_o militia_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o chiness_n the_o knowledge_n and_o skill_n of_o war_n and_o military_a affair_n be_v very_o ancient_a among_o the_o chiness_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o book_n and_o history_n and_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o they_o have_v conquer_v many_o famous_a kingdom_n it_o be_v also_o common_o believe_v that_o they_o do_v former_o conquer_v ceilan_n and_o near_o to_o that_o place_n in_o the_o city_n of_o nagapatam_fw-la there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n a_o edifice_n or_o building_n which_o they_o call_v the_o pagod_n of_o the_o chiness_n and_o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n among_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o they_o neither_o true_o be_v it_o a_o work_n unfit_a to_o be_v compare_v to_o any_o of_o that_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o their_o book_n make_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o it_o but_o that_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n altogether_o to_o refute_v this_o tradition_n for_o no_o more_o have_v they_o any_o memory_n leave_v in_o their_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_a christianity_n which_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a be_v there_o and_o be_v also_o very_o much_o dilate_v and_o spread_v abroad_o however_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v 114._o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o they_o but_o at_o this_o day_n they_o 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they_o have_v former_o be_v a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a nation_n although_o there_o be_v but_o few_o such_o at_o this_o time_n the_o occasion_n how_o they_o come_v thus_o to_o grow_v less_o be_v very_o great_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o at_o this_o day_n that_o which_o they_o have_v of_o warlike_a in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v only_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v very_o great_a for_o beside_o the_o soldiery_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o frontier_n of_o tartary_n and_o in_o the_o armada_n and_o fleet_n which_o be_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o great_a river_n which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n every_o province_n and_o in_o that_o every_o city_n and_o village_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v a_o proper_a militia_n of_o their_o own_o which_o be_v pay_v by_o they_o and_o command_v by_o their_o own_o captain_n and_o in_o case_n that_o any_o province_n have_v need_n of_o man_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o souldierie_a of_o their_o own_o city_n and_o town_n which_o by_o order_n 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most_o ready_a the_o six_o be_v that_o in_o their_o counsel_n of_o war_n of_o which_o they_o have_v two_o one_o in_o the_o court_n of_o nankim_n and_o the_o other_o in_o that_o of_o pekim_n and_o each_o have_v a_o precedent_n two_o collaterall_n and_o eight_o or_o nine_o colleague_n there_o be_v not_o one_o soldier_n or_o captain_n among_o they_o or_o any_o that_o have_v ever_o see_v the_o war_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v order_v by_o they_o especial_o by_o the_o council_n of_o pekim_n only_o there_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o chiness_n do_v use_v train_v and_o exercise_n of_o war_n for_o three_o month_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o three_o in_o the_o autumn_n every_o year_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o some_o profit_n exercise_v themselves_o in_o shoot_v arrow_n at_o a_o mark_n and_o shoot_v also_o very_o well_o but_o in_o truth_n this_o exercise_n of_o they_o be_v the_o most_o ridiculous_a 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and_o perform_v his_o obligation_n this_o continue_v for_o many_o year_n till_o the_o chiness_n see_v that_o eastern_a kingdom_n to_o increase_v much_o whether_o it_o be_v for_o reason_n of_o state_n or_o for_o some_o other_o particular_a respect_n they_o resolve_v to_o fall_v upon_o it_o and_o to_o bring_v they_o under_o so_o that_o the_o tartar_n force_v by_o desperation_n resolve_v at_o once_o to_o invade_v upon_o they_o this_o be_v the_o usual_a effect_n of_o extortion_n and_o tyranny_n and_o where_o the_o prince_n will_v have_v more_o from_o the_o people_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o give_v whence_o theopompus_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n when_o his_o wife_n tell_v he_o that_o because_o he_o have_v ease_v his_o people_n of_o many_o tax_n he_o will_v leave_v his_o soon_o a_o poor_a kingdom_n than_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o his_o father_n answer_v relinquo_fw-la sed_fw-la diuturnius_fw-la that_o be_v i_o shall_v leave_v he_o a_o more_o last_a kingdom_n the_o tartar_n therefore_o secret_o levy_v soldier_n and_o on_o a_o sudden_a fall_v upon_o a_o fort_n in_o the_o province_n of_o leaotum_n and_o take_v it_o make_v afterward_o many_o inroad_n to_o their_o profit_n and_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o chiness_n the_o tartar_n of_o the_o west_n and_o of_o the_o north_n whether_o it_o be_v out_o of_o love_n to_o their_o country_n or_o out_o of_o interest_n which_o be_v more_o probable_a raise_v also_o a_o army_n and_o come_v in_o to_o the_o succour_n of_o their_o eastern_a countryman_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o grow_v so_o numerous_a that_o in_o the_o year_n 1618._o two_o very_a great_a army_n one_o chinesse_n and_o the_o other_o tartar_n come_v to_o a_o field-battaile_n in_o which_o the_o chiness_n be_v vanish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n with_o a_o very_a great_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o be_v understand_v how_o the_o state_n of_o thing_n be_v then_o i_o will_v set_v down_o here_o a_o memorial_n or_o petition_n which_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n give_v the_o king_n concern_v this_o business_n which_o i_o translate_v at_o that_o time_n and_o send_v it_o into_o europe_n for_o news_n and_o now_o i_o have_v find_v it_o here_o print_v and_o it_o say_v thus_o a_o memorial_n or_o petition_n present_v by_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n to_o the_o king_n in_o this_o six_o and_o fourti_v year_n of_o your_o reign_n in_o the_o six_o moon_n which_o be_v the_o year_n 1618._o in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n present_v you_o with_o this_o memorial_n as_o to_o our_o lord_n and_o king_n upon_o occasion_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v enter_v within_o the_o wall_n towards_o the_o north_n in_o which_o he_o humble_o petition_v you_o that_o you_o will_v attend_v this_o business_n and_o present_o open_v your_o treasure_n and_o assist_v this_o war_n with_o man_n and_o ammunition_n for_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o in_o 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in_o truth_n it_o seem_v to_o we_o that_o heaven_n do_v favour_v the_o enemy_n who_o otherwise_o can_v not_o have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o slaughter_n of_o our_o people_n in_o one_o day_n and_o to_o have_v take_v three_o city_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v heaven_n be_v angry_a with_o we_o as_o also_o the_o prodigy_n which_o we_o have_v late_o all_o see_v do_v demonstrate_v no_o less_o in_o the_o province_n of_o pekim_n the_o last_o year_n it_o reign_v not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o people_n go_v about_o like_o man_n half_o dead_a and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xankim_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o dearth_n and_o famine_n that_o the_o people_n do_v eat_v one_o another_o and_o into_o nankim_n come_v a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o mouse_n neither_o be_v it_o discover_v whence_o that_o
wherein_o the_o other_o woman_n live_v be_v furnish_v again_o with_o new_a woman_n pick_v &_o choose_v throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n in_o time_n of_o which_o search_n there_o be_v many_o marriage_n make_v every_o one_o endeavour_v to_o deliver_v his_o daughter_n from_o that_o subjection_n the_o eleven_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a do_v send_v deputy_n not_o every_o one_o but_o all_o those_o of_o one_o city_n to_o render_v obedience_n to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o such_o in_o like_a manner_n also_o do_v the_o tituladoe_n which_o can_v do_v it_o in_o their_o own_o person_n the_o twelve_o be_v that_o all_o officer_n from_o viceroy_n to_o the_o mean_a judge_n of_o town_n go_v in_o person_n to_o court_n to_o render_v the_o same_o obedience_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o their_o province_n city_n and_o town_n last_o the_o king_n name_n be_v change_v as_o be_v use_v among_o we_o at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o this_o be_v that_o name_n which_o be_v write_v in_o all_o public_a act_n on_o money_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o name_n of_o a_o particular_a but_o royal_a person_n as_o that_o of_o this_o king_n grandfather_n be_v va_o lie_v of_o his_o father_n thai_n cham_n of_o his_o brother_n who_o reign_v first_o thien_n khi_n and_o of_o this_o king_n teum_fw-la chim_z they_o have_v moreover_o three_o name_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n the_o first_o be_v kiun_n and_o by_o this_o they_o use_v to_o call_v foreign_a king_n the_o second_o be_v va_o and_o by_o this_o name_n they_o call_v the_o infantoe_n or_o king_n child_n join_v they_o together_o kiun_n va_o they_o make_v a_o name_n by_o which_o their_o king_n may_v be_v call_v but_o the_o principal_a name_n be_v honorio_n be_o ti_o that_o be_v emperor_n in_o the_o palace_n the_o woman_n eunuch_n and_o other_o domestics_n thereof_o call_v he_o chu_n that_o be_v lord._n they_o call_v he_o also_o thien_n zu_fw-ge which_o be_v to_o say_v son_n of_o heaven_n not_o because_o they_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v such_o but_o because_o they_o hold_v that_o empire_n be_v a_o gift_n of_o heaven_n as_o also_o to_o render_v the_o respect_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o royal_a person_n more_o sacred_a and_o in_o reality_n the_o reverence_n which_o they_o use_v towards_o he_o seem_v more_o befit_v a_o divine_a than_o humane_a person_n and_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o behave_v themselves_o at_o this_o day_n in_o his_o presence_n be_v more_o proper_a for_o a_o church_n than_o a_o profane_a palace_n i_o say_v at_o this_o day_n because_o in_o former_a time_n it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o then_o the_o king_n of_o china_n live_v according_a to_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o world_n they_o go_v abroad_o converse_v hunt_v and_o there_o be_v one_o of_o they_o so_o greedy_a of_o this_o recreation_n that_o whereby_o he_o may_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o spend_v whole_a month_n together_o in_o hunt_v without_o return_v to_o court_n and_o attend_v upon_o the_o affair_n of_o government_n do_v substitute_n one_o of_o his_o son_n in_o his_o place_n the_o emperor_n do_v visit_v in_o person_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o what_o time_n there_o happen_v that_o story_n which_o be_v so_o famous_a in_o china_n and_o which_o deserve_v likewise_o to_o be_v know_v in_o europe_n the_o emperor_n go_v this_o progress_n in_o a_o certain_a way_n meet_v with_o a_o company_n of_o man_n who_o be_v lead_v certain_a prisoner_n he_o cause_v the_o coach_n to_o stop_v and_o inquire_v what_o the_o matter_n be_v which_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v understand_v he_o fall_v a_o weep_n they_o who_o accompany_v he_o begin_v to_o comfort_v he_o and_o one_o of_o they_o say_v unto_o he_o sir_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a but_o that_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n there_o must_v be_v chastisement_n it_o can_v be_v avoid_v so_o have_v the_o former_a king_n your_o predecessor_n command_v it_o to_o be_v so_o have_v the_o law_n ordain_v it_o so_o do_v the_o government_n of_o the_o state_n require_v it_o the_o king_n answer_v i_o weep_v not_o to_o see_v these_o man_n prisoner_n nor_o to_o see_v they_o chastise_v i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o without_o reward_n the_o good_a be_v not_o encourage_v and_o without_o chastisement_n the_o wicked_a be_v not_o restrain_v and_o that_o chastisement_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o the_o government_n of_o a_o kingdom_n as_o bread_n be_v for_o the_o nourishment_n and_o sustenance_n thereof_o but_o i_o weep_v because_o my_o time_n be_v not_o so_o happy_a as_o that_o of_o old_a be_v when_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v such_o that_o they_o serve_v as_o a_o bridle_n to_o the_o people_n and_o their_o example_n be_v sufficient_a to_o restrain_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n without_o any_o other_o chastisement_n this_o be_v a_o heathen_a who_o speak_v thus_o and_o who_o see_v not_o how_o much_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o envy_v these_o heathen_n who_o although_o they_o be_v exceed_v by_o we_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n belong_v to_o faith_n do_v yet_o oftentimes_o surpass_v we_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o moral_a virtue_n according_a as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o ancient_a king_n do_v personal_o attend_v the_o government_n give_v audience_n very_o easy_o and_o very_o frequent_o to_o all_o their_o subject_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n tham_fw-mi there_o be_v a_o colao_n who_o have_v be_v his_o master_n be_v very_o powerful_a with_o he_o who_o to_o preserve_v himself_o in_o his_o grace_n and_o favour_n study_v more_o to_o speak_v what_o shall_v please_v the_o king_n than_o to_o tell_v he_o the_o truth_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o state_n a_o most_o abominable_a thing_n but_o the_o chiness_n see_v his_o honour_n be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n favour_n towards_o he_o very_o extraordinary_a do_v dissemble_v it_o all_o notwithstanding_o they_o forbear_v not_o to_o speak_v of_o it_o among_o themselves_o and_o to_o tax_v the_o flattery_n of_o the_o colao_n one_o day_n certain_a captain_n of_o the_o guard_n discourse_v among_o themselves_o in_o the_o palace_n concern_v this_o point_n one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o little_a warm_v with_o the_o discourse_n secret_o withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o company_n go_v into_o the_o hall_n where_o the_o king_n then_o be_v &_o kneel_v down_o upon_o his_o knee_n before_o he_o the_o king_n ask_v what_o he_o will_v have_v he_o answer_v leave_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o a_o flatter_a subject_n and_o who_o be_v that_o reply_v the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o that_o stand_v there_o answer_v the_o other_o the_o king_n be_v angry_a say_v against_o my_o master_n dare_v you_o propose_v this_o and_o in_o my_o presene_a let_v they_o take_v he_o away_o and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o lay_v hand_n upon_o he_o he_o catch_v hold_v of_o a_o wooden_a balanster_n and_o as_o there_o be_v many_o pull_n of_o he_o and_o he_o hold_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o strength_n the_o balanster_n break_v by_o that_o time_n the_o king_n anger_n be_v over_o and_o he_o command_v they_o shall_v let_v he_o go_v and_o give_v order_n that_o the_o balanster_n shall_v be_v mend_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v a_o new_a one_o that_o it_o may_v remain_v a_o witness_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o memorial_n of_o a_o subject_n that_o be_v not_o afraid_a to_o advise_v his_o king_n what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v such_o be_v the_o facility_n with_o which_o not_o only_o the_o officer_n but_o any_o one_o whosoever_o of_o the_o people_n may_v have_v admission_n to_o the_o king_n so_o that_o within_o the_o first_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n there_o be_v always_o a_o bell_n a_o drum_n and_o a_o table_n overlay_v with_o a_o white_a varnish_n as_o it_o be_v playster_v over_o upon_o this_o he_o that_o will_v not_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n in_o person_n write_v what_o his_o request_n be_v which_o be_v present_o carry_v to_o the_o king_n but_o whosoever_o will_v speak_v with_o he_o ring_v the_o bell_n or_o beat_v the_o drum_n and_o present_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o have_v audience_n the_o drum_n remain_v even_o to_o this_o day_n but_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o rather_o in_o memory_n of_o the_o time_n past_a than_o for_o any_o use_n of_o the_o present_a for_o during_o twenty_o two_o year_n time_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v ever_o beat_v above_o once_o and_o he_o that_o do_v it_o be_v present_o pay_v his_o pension_n in_o ready_a bastinado_n for_o have_v disquiet_v the_o king_n who_o be_v about_o half_a a_o league_n off_o after_o this_o hard_a penance_n he_o be_v hear_v and_o allow_v not_o to_o see_v or_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n but_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n now_o in_o
not_o use_v to_o be_v present_a there_o himself_o they_o always_o assist_v in_o the_o palace_n to_o receive_v and_o answer_v all_o business_n and_o the_o memorial_n which_o be_v every_o day_n give_v in_o these_o report_v they_o to_o the_o king_n who_o pronounce_v the_o last_o sentence_n upon_o they_o these_o colai_n be_v very_o much_o respect_v by_o all_o the_o magistrate_n and_o at_o set_a time_n they_o do_v they_o reverence_v as_o to_o their_o superior_n in_o a_o public_a hall_n the_o colai_n stand_v up_o and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n pass_v before_o they_o in_o their_o order_n and_o when_o they_o come_v right_o over_o against_o they_o they_o turn_v towards_o they_o and_o make_v they_o a_o profound_a reverence_n to_o the_o very_a ground_n they_o call_v this_o ceremony_n quo_n tham_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o pass_v the_o hall_n their_o ensign_n or_o badge_n of_o honour_n be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o their_o girdle_n which_o they_o call_v yù_fw-fr xe_n be_v rich_o set_v with_o precious_a stone_n they_o only_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v it_o and_o it_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o king_n as_o in_o europe_n king_n do_v use_v to_o give_v collar_n of_o their_o order_n to_o their_o knight_n and_o when_o they_o be_v sick_a it_o be_v only_o to_o these_o that_o the_o king_n send_v to_o visit_v they_o with_o regaloes_n and_o dainty_n from_o the_o palace_n and_o they_o do_v sufficient_o gratify_v the_o eunuch_n that_o bring_v they_o for_o the_o least_o they_o give_v he_o be_v fifty_o crown_n which_o be_v more_o in_o that_o country_n than_o 200_o here_o beside_o these_o supreme_a and_o general_a governor_n at_o the_o court_n who_o do_v not_o only_o govern_v that_o but_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n also_o there_o be_v likewise_o particular_a and_o ordinary_a governor_n and_o judge_n of_o every_o city_n and_o these_o observe_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o government_n as_o well_o in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o the_o other_o province_n as_o also_o in_o those_o of_o pekim_n and_o nankim_n where_o the_o two_o court_n be_v as_o shall_v be_v relate_v hereafter_o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o thirteen_o province_n we_o have_v former_o speak_v of_o the_o universal_a government_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o reside_v in_o the_o two_o court_n it_o followth_v now_o that_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o particular_a government_n of_o the_o province_n every_o one_o whereof_o be_v a_o large_a kingdom_n this_o government_n reside_v ordinary_o in_o the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a city_n of_o each_o province_n in_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v five_o tribunal_n that_o have_v a_o general_a command_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o distinct_a office_n among_o themselves_o of_o these_o five_o two_o be_v supreme_a to_o which_o all_o other_o both_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n be_v subordinate_a but_o they_o among_o themselves_o be_v not_o subject_v one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o be_v immediate_o subbordinate_a to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o royal_a tribunal_n these_o consist_v of_o one_o precedent_n or_o judge_n without_o any_o assistant_n or_o counsellor_n although_o they_o have_v many_o other_o officer_n the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o be_v the_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n who_o they_o call_v tut_o ham_n or_o kiun_n muen_n he_o have_v power_n over_o all_o the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n of_o the_o province_n he_o govern_v for_o three_o year_n and_o have_v constant_a post_n that_o come_v &_o go_v from_o the_o court_n at_o set_a time_n be_v to_o give_v account_n of_o whatsoever_o pass_v in_o the_o province_n he_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o city_n in_o great_a pomp_n and_o state_n when_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o depart_v the_o court_n many_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o tribunal_n go_v thither_o to_o receive_v he_o other_o meet_v he_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o way_n where_o from_o city_n to_o city_n he_o be_v honourable_o accompany_v both_o by_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o three_o mile_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v to_o reside_v there_o go_v out_o certain_a captain_n with_o 3000_o soldier_n to_o receive_v he_o after_o these_o follow_v the_o magistrate_n and_o after_o they_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o people_n the_o second_o office_n which_o be_v also_o absolute_a be_v call_v cha_fw-mi ve_v we_o have_v no_o office_n in_o europe_n that_o be_v answerable_a to_o it_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v visitour_n of_o the_o province_n it_o last_v only_o a_o year_n it_o be_v of_o great_a rigour_n and_o much_o fear_v he_o have_v authority_n to_o take_v cognizan_n of_o all_o cause_v both_o criminal_a and_o civil_a of_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o king_n patrimony_n in_o a_o word_n of_o all_o he_o visit_v enquire_v and_o inform_v himself_o of_o all_o even_o to_o the_o viceroy_n himself_o the_o inferior_a mandarines_n and_o judge_n he_o may_v punish_v or_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o place_n concern_v the_o great_a mandarines_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n he_o be_v to_o give_v in_o memorial_n and_o they_o be_v from_o thence_o forward_o suspend_v from_o the_o function_n of_o their_o office_n till_o the_o king_n answer_v come_v from_o court_n to_o he_o it_o belong_v to_o cause_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n give_v through_o the_o whole_a province_n to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o assign_v the_o day_n and_o the_o city_n whither_o all_o those_o that_o be_v condemn_v shall_v be_v bring_v to_o he_o and_o there_o he_o be_v present_v with_o a_o list_n of_o their_o name_n then_o take_v his_o pencil_n he_o mark_v six_o or_o seven_o of_o they_o for_o if_o he_o prick_v more_o they_o count_v he_o cruel_a these_o be_v present_o carry_v to_o execution_n and_o the_o rest_n return_v to_o the_o prison_n whence_o they_o come_v it_o belong_v also_o to_o he_o to_o visit_v the_o wall_n castle_n and_o public_a place_n etc._n etc._n he_o set_v forth_o with_o a_o great_a train_n and_o pomp_n have_v banner_n carry_v before_o he_o and_o other_o ensign_n of_o rigour_n and_o majesty_n this_o be_v usual_o every_o year_n there_o be_v another_o extraordinary_a officer_n of_o the_o same_o name_n he_o be_v create_v from_o time_n to_o time_n at_o the_o queen_n request_n he_o have_v great_a power_n and_o authority_n but_o it_o be_v only_o in_o favour_n of_o piety_n and_o mercy_n he_o visit_v all_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o province_n and_o free_v all_o such_o as_o be_v imprison_v for_o light_a fault_n and_o that_o have_v no_o prosecutour_n and_o all_o those_o miserable_a wretch_n that_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o free_v themselves_o he_o take_v into_o protection_n such_o cause_n as_o have_v be_v reject_v and_o party_n that_o can_v obtain_v no_o favour_n he_o revoke_v such_o sentence_n as_o have_v be_v unjust_o give_v he_o make_v himself_o protector_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o in_o a_o word_n his_o whole_a authority_n be_v employ_v about_o work_n of_o mercy_n the_o three_o office_n be_v the_o treasurer_n who_o be_v superintendent_n of_o the_o king_n patrimony_n through_o the_o whole_a province_n he_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o council_n of_o the_o patrimony_n at_o court_n he_o have_v two_o assistant_n one_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o left_a each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o house_n and_o tribunal_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o treasurer_n place_n he_o have_v under_o he_o 26_o lesser_a mandarine_n that_o have_v several_a charge_n and_o employment_n beside_o other_o officer_n great_a and_o small_a of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v very_o many_o belong_v to_o this_o tribunal_n to_o he_o it_o belong_v to_o overlook_v the_o custom_n excise_n and_o other_o duty_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o to_o regulate_v all_o weight_n and_o measure_n all_o suit_n controversy_n punishment_n and_o sentence_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n patrimony_n or_o at_o least_o to_o remit_v they_o to_o what_o tribunal_n he_o please_v to_o pay_v the_o ordinary_a salary_n to_o all_o magistrate_n to_o the_o king_n kindred_n to_o the_o captain_n and_o soldier_n to_o provide_v all_o expense_n for_o the_o examination_n to_o furnish_v and_o give_v the_o badge_n of_o honour_n to_o all_o graduate_n to_o lay_v out_o money_n for_o the_o public_a work_n as_o bridge_n highway_n palace_n of_o the_o mandarines_n ship_n for_o the_o navy_n etc._n etc._n in_o a_o word_n he_o be_v superintendent_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v spend_v or_o receive_v of_o the_o king_n revenue_n immediate_o from_o the_o governor_n judge_n and_o tauli_n each_o for_o his_o own_o precinct_n and_o though_o the_o sum_n be_v never_o so_o small_a they_o must_v always_o be_v pay_v in_o fine_a silver_n which_o be_v afterward_o melt_v by_o the_o treasurer_n into_o ingot_n weigh_v fifty_o crown_n a_o piece_n with_o the_o
with_o those_o cudgel_n and_o by_o reason_n the_o use_n of_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_a they_o always_o accompany_v the_o mandarine_a who_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o any_o place_n and_o upon_o any_o occasion_n it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n if_o any_o one_o that_o meet_v he_o on_o horseback_n do_v not_o alight_v or_o that_o he_o cross_v his_o way_n which_o because_o it_o be_v a_o slight_a fault_n be_v chastise_v only_o with_o five_o or_o ten_o blow_n and_o the_o mandarine_n have_v this_o power_n not_o only_o in_o the_o town_n and_o city_n of_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o also_o in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o under_o his_o authority_n before_o i_o leave_v the_o city_n of_o nankim_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n where_o we_o have_v a_o church_n a_o house_n and_o a_o good_a number_n of_o christian_n there_o come_v thither_o a_o mandarine_a who_o be_v judge_n of_o one_o of_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o pass_v through_o our_o street_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o frequent_v of_o that_o city_n there_o be_v in_o a_o remote_a corner_n thereof_o a_o fortune-teller_n one_o of_o those_o who_o use_v to_o sell_v good_a fortune_n to_o the_o people_n sit_v in_o his_o chair_n with_o his_o table_n book_n and_o other_o thing_n before_o he_o the_o mandarine_a pass_v once_o up_o and_o another_o time_n down_o the_o street_n and_o the_o suon_n mim_n for_o so_o they_o call_v these_o diviner_n never_o move_v himself_o off_o his_o chair_n either_o the_o first_o or_o the_o second_o time_n after_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o mandarine_n have_v occasion_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o street_n again_o and_o come_v to_o a_o little_a piazza_n in_o a_o corner_n whereof_o this_o unhappy_a fortune-teller_n have_v his_o seat_n the_o mandarine_n call_v out_o to_o he_o say_v you_o make_v no_o difference_n of_o man_n neither_o do_v you_o do_v your_o courtesy_n to_o the_o king_n mandarines_n take_v he_o away_o and_o give_v he_o what_o he_o deserve_v present_o in_o the_o street_n before_o his_o own_o seat_n they_o give_v he_o ten_o bastinado_n go_v your_o way_n now_o say_v the_o mandarine_a and_o learn_v manner_n and_o study_v better_o that_o be_v of_o you_o since_o you_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o foresee_v this_o good_a fortune_n that_o have_v befall_v you_o with_o so_o much_o facility_n do_v they_o bestow_v their_o bastinado_n neither_o do_v man_n make_v any_o account_n of_o they_o although_o they_o always_o pay_v they_o in_o ready_a coin_n all_o do_v give_v they_o all_o receive_v they_o and_o all_o have_v feel_v they_o neither_o do_v it_o seem_v strange_a to_o any_o one_o nor_o do_v any_o hold_v himself_o aggrieve_v for_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n do_v lord_n and_o master_n chastise_v their_o servant_n except_o only_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o do_v not_o take_v down_o their_o breech_n the_o like_a do_v schoolmaster_n use_v in_o their_o school_n to_o their_o scholar_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o they_o be_v beat_v they_o on_o the_o buttock_n with_o their_o breech_n on_o and_o lay_v they_o not_o upon_o the_o ground_n but_o upon_o a_o form_n the_o same_o also_o do_v they_o use_v to_o little_a child_n for_o they_o have_v neither_o whip_n nor_o discipline_n but_o rather_o abhor_v they_o wonder_v how_o we_o can_v chastise_v our_o child_n with_o a_o whip_n which_o they_o apprehend_v to_o be_v a_o very_a cruel_a thing_n and_o the_o child_n themselves_o because_o the_o whip_n smart_v more_o and_o it_o be_v strike_v upon_o their_o naked_a skin_n do_v rather_o choose_v the_o bambu_n and_o that_o you_o may_v want_v nothing_o there_o be_v in_o china_n certain_a person_n who_o do_v buy_v these_o bastinado_n at_o the_o tribunal_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o correct_o do_v sell_v the_o receive_n of_o they_o in_o stead_n of_o other_o but_o this_o be_v only_o in_o some_o slight_a cause_n for_o in_o other_o they_o neither_o may_v nor_o will_n but_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v such_o that_o this_o may_v be_v do_v he_o agree_v with_o the_o party_n for_o so_o much_o a_o bastinado_n and_o appear_v before_o the_o mandarine_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o receive_v they_o for_o he_o the_o rack_n be_v use_v also_o in_o certain_a necessary_a case_n i_o do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o have_v above_o two_o kind_n of_o it_o that_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o that_o of_o the_o hand_n for_o the_o foot_n they_o use_v a_o instrument_n call_v kia_n quen_o it_o consist_v of_o three_o piece_n of_o wood_n put_v in_o one_o traverse_n that_o in_o the_o middle_n be_v fix_v the_o other_o two_o be_v movable_a between_o these_o their_o foot_n be_v put_v where_o they_o be_v squeeze_v and_o press_v till_o the_o heele-bone_n run_v into_o the_o foot_n for_o the_o hand_n they_o use_v also_o certain_a small_a piece_n of_o wood_n between_o their_o finger_n they_o call_v they_o tean_a zu_fw-ge then_o they_o straiten_v they_o very_o hard_o and_o seal_v they_o round_o about_o with_o paper_n and_o so_o they_o have_v they_o for_o some_o space_n of_o time_n chap._n 29._o of_o some_o particular_a thing_n which_o do_v facilitate_v and_o rectify_v the_o government_n in_o china_n the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o king_n do_v bear_v the_o charge_n of_o his_o officer_n furnish_v they_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o expense_n by_o this_o mean_n take_v from_o they_o all_o occasion_n which_o may_v through_o their_o necessity_n either_o engage_v they_o to_o several_a person_n or_o run_v they_o much_o into_o debt_n oblige_v they_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n more_o strict_o to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o to_o walk_v more_o direct_o in_o the_o path_n of_o justice_n after_o that_o a_o doctor_n or_o licentiate_a or_o any_o other_o have_v a_o employment_n bestow_v upon_o he_o at_o court_n and_o depart_v thence_o to_o go_v to_o his_o government_n all_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o person_n servant_n and_o family_n as_o well_o in_o travel_v by_o water_n as_o by_o land_n including_z the_o hire_n of_o boat_n cart_n horse_n porter_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v all_o defray_v by_o the_o king_n throughout_o their_o whole_a journey_n they_o never_o lodge_v at_o inn_n but_o in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o city_n there_o be_v palace_n appoint_v for_o to_o entertain_v they_o where_o all_o thing_n fit_v be_v provide_v for_o they_o they_o always_o send_v a_o man_n before_o as_o a_o harbinger_n so_o that_o by_o that_o time_n they_o arrive_v all_o thing_n be_v in_o order_n for_o their_o reception_n and_o if_o it_o fall_v out_o as_o sometime_o it_o do_v that_o they_o can_v reach_v to_o a_o good_a town_n there_o be_v in_o certain_a place_n house_n build_v for_o this_o purpose_n by_o the_o king_n which_o they_o call_v yeli_n where_o every_o thing_n be_v provide_v for_o they_o the_o worst_a be_v that_o because_o it_o be_v all_o at_o the_o king_n charge_n it_o be_v do_v more_o profuse_o and_o lavish_o than_o be_v requisite_a as_o for_o example_n when_o the_o mandarine_n have_v occasion_n for_o ten_o horse_n to_o carry_v his_o family_n they_o require_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o and_o there_o be_v likewise_o provision_n make_v for_o so_o many_o through_o the_o whole_a journey_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o receive_v this_o in_o money_n neither_o do_v the_o matter_n stop_v here_o but_o go_v yet_o further_o there_o be_v some_o who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o care_n of_o their_o credit_n and_o reputation_n as_o of_o their_o purse_n and_o when_o they_o be_v to_o have_v so_o many_o dish_n and_o so_o many_o several_a sort_n of_o meat_n according_a to_o the_o king_n appointment_n they_o give_v order_n that_o the_o provision_n shall_v be_v less_o and_o receive_v the_o rest_n in_o money_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v but_o few_o who_o dare_v be_v guilty_a of_o such_o baseness_n neither_o do_v the_o king_n only_o furnish_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o person_n but_o that_o also_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o sustain_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o their_o place_n as_o man_n on_o horse_n back_o and_o on_o foot_n to_o accompany_v they_o from_o town_n to_o town_n through_o all_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v the_o second_o be_v that_o in_o the_o place_n where_o their_o government_n be_v he_o provide_v they_o palace_n for_o their_o habitation_n in_o case_n they_o have_v none_o of_o their_o own_o as_o also_o rich_a furniture_n and_o moveable_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o servant_n within_o door_n and_o without_o door_n even_o to_o the_o page_n who_o be_v never_o so_o few_o but_o that_o he_o allow_v eight_o or_o ten_o of_o they_o to_o a_o judge_n of_o the_o small_a town_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o wait_v all_o at_o one_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v when_o the_o mandarine_n give_v a_o particular_a command_n
that_o the_o husbandman_n can_v not_o attend_v their_o plough_v and_o sow_v so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o come_v to_o suffer_v great_a want_n it_o happen_v that_o a_o mandarine_n pass_v through_o that_o province_n as_o he_o come_v from_o another_o who_o have_v more_o zeal_n and_o compassion_n for_o they_o than_o they_o who_o govern_v there_o assoon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v to_o court_n he_o present_v a_o memorial_n to_o the_o king_n wherein_o he_o do_v so_o lively_o set_v forth_o the_o small_a importance_n of_o that_o chase_n and_o the_o great_a trouble_n and_o disturbance_n which_o it_o cause_v to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n not_o only_o bound_v his_o curiosity_n and_o command_v they_o shall_v desist_v from_o take_v any_o more_o bird_n but_o also_o give_v liberty_n to_o those_o which_o be_v already_o take_v command_v the_o door_n of_o the_o aviaries_n and_o cage_n to_o be_v set_v open_a that_o they_o may_v fly_v away_o in_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n daughter_n who_o they_o call_v cum_fw-la chu_n there_o be_v one_o of_o her_o servant_n who_o be_v very_o insolent_a have_v commit_v many_o high_a crime_n and_o one_o among_o the_o rest_n which_o deserve_v death_n the_o mandarines_n much_o desire_v to_o apprehend_v he_o but_o in_o the_o palace_n they_o can_v not_o and_o he_o never_o go_v abroad_o but_o when_o he_o wait_v on_o his_o princess_n at_o length_n there_o be_v a_o mandarine_a who_o resolve_v to_o take_v he_o by_o any_o mean_n he_o can_v and_o to_o this_o effect_n when_o the_o princess_n go_v next_o abroad_o he_o with_o his_o man_n set_v himself_o before_o the_o coach_n and_o make_v they_o stop_v and_o then_o present_o lay_v hand_n on_o that_o man_n and_o carry_v he_o away_o the_o princess_n resent_v the_o afront_o that_o be_v do_v she_o return_v present_o to_o the_o palace_n full_a of_o indignation_n and_o be_v so_o transport_v with_o colar_n that_o she_o will_v not_o stay_v till_o the_o king_n come_v back_o from_o the_o audience_n where_o he_o than_o be_v but_o go_v thither_o herself_o in_o person_n to_o complain_v the_o mandarine_n be_v present_o send_v for_o who_o have_v put_v himself_o in_o a_o readiness_n well_o imagine_v he_o shall_v be_v call_v he_o present_v himself_o before_o the_o king_n who_o sharp_o reprove_v he_o he_o answer_v he_o sir_n i_o have_v do_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o your_o majesty_n command_v &_o the_o law_n ordain_v but_o you_o ought_v reply_v the_o king_n to_o have_v seek_v some_o other_o time_n and_o opportunity_n i_o have_v seek_v it_o long_o enough_o answer_v the_o mandarine_a but_o i_o shall_v never_o have_v find_v it_o at_o least_o reply_v the_o king_n ask_v my_o daughter_n pardon_n and_o bow_v your_o head_n where_o there_o be_v no_o fault_n answer_v the_o other_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o pardon_n neither_o will_v i_o ask_v pardon_n for_o have_v discharge_v my_o office_n then_o the_o king_n command_v two_o mandarine_n that_o by_o force_n they_o shall_v bow_v his_o head_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n but_o he_o by_o strength_n keep_v himself_o up_o so_o stiff_a that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v constrain_v to_o send_v he_o away_o a_o few_o day_n after_o the_o king_n give_v order_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o better_a office_n bestow_v upon_o he_o be_v much_o satisfy_v with_o his_o integrity_n i_o forbear_v to_o relate_v many_o like_a case_n which_o i_o may_v bring_v in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o the_o ten_o be_v the_o strict_a watch_n and_o ward_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o city_n town_n and_o village_n in_o every_o street_n there_o be_v place_v a_o man_n and_o if_o it_o be_v long_o two_o or_o more_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o take_v care_n of_o any_o disorder_n that_o may_v arise_v there_o in_o every_o street_n likewise_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o prison_n call_v lemphù_n that_o be_v the_o cold_a shop_n where_o upon_o a_o sudden_a occasion_n they_o may_v imprison_v a_o delinquent_n until_o notice_n be_v give_v thereof_o to_o some_o magistrate_n the_o eleven_o be_v that_o every_o night_n infallible_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n be_v shut_v up_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v the_o street_n also_o be_v shut_v up_o with_o grate_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n but_o the_o street_n be_v not_o always_o shut_v up_o nor_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o city_n but_o only_o in_o some_o and_o that_o upon_o some_o certain_a occasion_n and_o occurrence_n the_o twelve_o be_v that_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o authority_n do_v bear_v great_a respect_n one_o to_o another_o and_o it_o will_v be_v account_v a_o great_a disgrace_n for_o any_o of_o they_o to_o quarrel_v with_o another_o open_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o although_o many_o time_n they_o have_v occasion_n of_o disgust_n and_o hatred_n yet_o outward_o they_o always_o observe_v their_o decorum_n neither_o do_v they_o upon_o this_o account_n avoid_v any_o meeting_n that_o they_o may_v not_o come_v together_o the_o thirteen_o be_v that_o none_o do_v bear_v arm_n except_o the_o soldier_n and_o they_o only_o at_o their_o muster_n or_o when_o they_o do_v accompany_v the_o mandarines_n the_o common_a people_n who_o contrariwise_o do_v easy_o quarrel_v one_o with_o another_o do_v make_v use_v only_o of_o their_o fist_n and_o he_o that_o catch_v the_o other_o first_o by_o the_o hair_n gain_v the_o battle_n nay_o if_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o hand_n that_o may_v draw_v blood_n as_o a_o staff_n a_o piece_n of_o wood_n or_o iron_n or_o such_o like_a thing_n present_o they_o lay_v it_o down_o and_o go_v to_o it_o with_o their_o fist_n the_o fourteen_o be_v that_o the_o whore_n and_o courtesan_n who_o be_v many_o time_n the_o cause_n of_o great_a disorder_n do_v lodge_n without_o the_o wall_n neither_o be_v any_o of_o they_o suffer_v to_o dwell_v within_o they_o have_v no_o particular_a house_n but_o many_o of_o they_o live_v together_o with_o a_o man_n who_o have_v the_o care_n and_o government_n of_o they_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o any_o disorder_n that_o fall_v out_o in_o their_o lodging_n the_o fifteen_o be_v that_o they_o forbid_v all_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n within_o the_o kingdom_n lest_o they_o may_v infect_v they_o with_o new_a custom_n and_o manner_n and_o disturb_v their_o ancient_a way_n of_o government_n which_o be_v a_o law_n that_o be_v in_o part_n observe_v also_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o motive_n yet_o they_o have_v never_o prohibit_v ambassador_n from_o other_o kingdom_n and_o according_o many_o be_v receive_v who_o be_v send_v from_o the_o neighbour_a king_n only_o they_o lie_v this_o obligation_n upon_o they_o that_o when_o they_o be_v arrive_v at_o the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v to_o stay_v there_o where_o the_o magistrate_n do_v treat_v they_o with_o all_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o present_o give_v the_o king_n advice_n of_o their_o arrival_n who_o send_v they_o leave_v to_o come_v to_o the_o court_n without_o which_o licence_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v forward_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o court_n they_o be_v lodge_v in_o a_o particular_a palace_n whence_o they_o may_v not_o go_v out_o but_o in_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v above_o relate_v above_o all_o they_o have_v their_o certain_a law_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n by_o which_o both_o they_o and_o their_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o first_o consist_v in_o ancient_a rite_n custom_n and_o ceremony_n common_a to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o book_n and_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v sacred_a of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o which_o justice_n be_v administer_v in_o particular_a case_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a concern_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o these_o be_v likewise_o very_o ancient_a and_o be_v all_o found_v upon_o those_o five_o cardinal_n virtue_n so_o much_o esteem_v by_o their_o ancestor_n and_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n hold_v in_o great_a veneration_n among_o they_o that_o be_v gin_fw-mi y_fw-fr li_z chi_fw-mi sin_n piety_n justice_n policy_n prudence_n and_o fidelity_n gin_fw-mi say_v they_o signify_v piety_n humanity_n charity_n reverence_n love_n and_o compassion_n which_o they_o expliane_n after_o this_o manner_n to_o esteem_v one_o self_n less_o than_o other_o to_o be_v affable_a to_o succour_v those_o that_o be_v afflict_v to_o help_v those_o that_o be_v in_o necessity_n to_o have_v a_o tender_a and_o compassionate_a heart_n to_o bear_v good_a will_n to_o all_o man_n and_o to_o use_v all_o this_o more_o particular_o towards_o
diminish_v by_o little_a and_o little_a many_o of_o they_o turn_a moor_n there_o live_v more_o of_o they_o in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n thereof_o call_v caiazzo_n fum_o furio_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n they_o have_v there_o a_o synagogue_n well_o build_v and_o adorn_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o great_a chapel_n and_o set_v out_o with_o curtain_n they_o say_v they_o have_v there_o a_o very_a ancient_a hebrew_n bible_n father_n julius_n alenes_n one_o of_o our_o company_n be_v among_o they_o for_o some_o time_n they_o show_v he_o their_o synagogue_n but_o will_v not_o draw_v their_o curtain_n and_o let_v he_o see_v the_o bible_n father_n matthaens_n riccius_fw-la affirm_v that_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n which_o the_o jew_n themselves_o make_v to_o he_o thereof_o in_o pekim_n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o differ_v from_o we_o they_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o christ_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v enter_v into_o china_n before_o he_o come_v into_o the_o world_n or_o at_o least_o if_o they_o have_v ever_o hear_v of_o he_o the_o memory_n of_o it_o be_v quite_o lose_v and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a consequence_n to_o see_v their_o bible_n for_o perhaps_o they_o have_v not_o corrupt_v it_o as_o our_o jew_n have_v do_v to_o obscure_v the_o glory_n of_o our_o redeemer_n these_o as_o they_o be_v in_o no_o great_a number_n so_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o shall_v long_o preserve_v themselves_o they_o who_o at_o the_o court_n have_v some_o discourse_n with_o our_o father_n do_v much_o lament_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v themselves_o for_o want_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o by_o the_o little_a knowledge_n they_o have_v of_o their_o law_n and_o say_v that_o after_o some_o time_n they_o shall_v all_o become_v either_o moor_n or_o gentile_n that_o the_o ruler_n of_o their_o synagogue_n at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o decrepit_a old_a man_n and_o his_o son_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o his_o office_n young_a and_o ignorant_a of_o the_o thing_n of_o their_o law_n and_o that_o indeed_o there_o be_v very_o few_o among_o they_o who_o be_v zealous_a observer_n of_o it_o moreover_o these_o jew_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v much_o trouble_v and_o weary_a of_o the_o reproach_n which_o the_o gentile_n lay_v upon_o some_o ceremony_n of_o their_o law_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n they_o have_v no_o great_a affection_n for_o it_o as_o their_z not_o eat_v of_o swine_n flesh_n their_o not_o touch_v a_o beast_n which_o have_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o gentile_a but_o especial_o the_o circumcise_n their_o infant_n on_o the_o eight_o day_n which_o their_o wife_n and_o chinesse_n kindred_n tell_v they_o be_v a_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a thing_n at_o this_o time_n we_o have_v in_o that_o city_n of_o caiazzo_n funifú_fw-it a_fw-fr house_n and_o church_n and_o when_o i_o leave_v that_o kingdom_n a_o good_a number_n of_o christian_n which_o daily_o increase_v not_o without_o hope_n also_o that_o some_o good_a may_v be_v do_v upon_o those_o jew_n who_o be_v so_o ready_a to_o change_v their_o religion_n will_v more_o easy_o embrace_v the_o true_a one_o which_o have_v more_o conformity_n to_o they_o than_o any_o other_o chap._n 31._o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n plant_v many_o age_n since_o in_o china_n and_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stone_n late_o discover_v there_o which_o be_v a_o admirable_a testimony_n thereof_o it_o have_v always_o be_v a_o well_o ground_a opinion_n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n have_v be_v very_o ancient_o plant_v in_o china_n paulus_n venetus_n make_v a_o relation_n of_o that_o country_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o go_v many_o day_n journey_n into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o tartar_n assure_v we_o that_o in_o that_o time_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o christian_n in_o china_n who_o have_v very_o sumptuous_a church_n and_o name_v the_o city_n where_o they_o live_v he_o write_v this_o with_o very_a much_o truth_n for_o of_o all_o that_o which_o he_o mention_v there_o be_v yet_o remain_v many_o house_n and_o in_o other_o place_n the_o ruin_n of_o they_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o it_o to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o other_o grave_a author_n wherein_o we_o read_v that_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o gospel_n penetrate_v as_o far_o as_o china_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o apostle_n st._n thomas_n and_o his_o disciple_n among_o other_o writing_n out_o of_o which_o this_o may_v be_v draw_v the_o chalde_a book_n concern_v the_o indian_a christianity_n cultivate_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o say_a apostle_n be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n the_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a be_v to_o this_o day_n preserve_v and_o keep_v in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o granganour_n or_o della_n serra_n that_o be_v of_o the_o mountain_n as_o it_o be_v vulgar_o call_v translate_v out_o of_o that_o language_n by_o order_n of_o the_o archbishop_n thereof_o franciscus_n ros_n by_o the_o pain_n and_o industry_n of_o one_o of_o our_o father_n who_o be_v very_o skilful_a in_o that_o tongue_n the_o translation_n be_v in_o latin_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o general_o understand_v we_o will_v turn_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o it_o into_o the_o vulgar_a one_o of_o these_o book_n be_v a_o breviary_n which_o in_o one_o of_o the_o lesson_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o nocturnal_a have_v these_o word_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o s._n thomas_n the_o error_n of_o the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o indian_n be_v dissipate_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o chiness_n and_o aethiopian_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o truth_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n they_o obtain_v the_o virtue_n of_o baptism_n and_o the_o adoption_n of_o son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st_n thomas_n they_o believe_v in_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n they_o keep_v that_o faith_n which_o they_o have_v promise_v to_o god_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o life_n enlighten_v all_o india_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n fly_v and_o enter_v into_o china_n and_o present_o there_o follow_v a_o antiphona_n which_o say_v the_o indian_n the_o chiness_n the_o persian_n and_o the_o other_o islander_n they_o of_o syria_n armenia_n graecia_n and_o romania_n in_o commemoration_n of_o st._n thomas_n do_v offer_v their_o adoration_n unto_o thy_o most_o holy_a name_n o_o great_a god_n in_o the_o summarie_n of_o the_o constitution_n synodal_n part_n 2._o cap_n 19_o concern_v bishop_n and_o metropolitan_o there_o be_v a_o canon_n of_o the_o patriarch_n theodotius_n which_o have_v these_o word_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o great_a province_n such_o as_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o metropolitan_o of_o china_n after_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o portughese_n into_o cocchine_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o malaber_n who_o be_v call_v don._n diego_n entitle_v himself_o metropolitan_a of_o india_n and_o china_n as_o do_v also_o don_n giuseppe_n who_o die_v at_o rome_n these_o be_v the_o ancient_a title_n of_o that_o church_n and_o be_v take_v all_o together_o be_v strong_a argument_n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n do_v former_o flourish_v in_o china_n these_o be_v the_o powerful_a motive_n that_o do_v engage_v we_o after_o our_o arrival_n thither_o with_o much_o care_n and_o fervour_n to_o trace_v the_o ruin_n and_o footstep_n of_o that_o ancient_a christianity_n in_o the_o history_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o we_o have_v very_o diligent_o peruse_v we_o find_v no_o mention_n thereof_o to_o our_o great_a admiration_n know_v well_o how_o curious_a and_o diligent_a inquisitour_n the_o chiness_n be_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o their_o own_o country_n that_o they_o may_v eternize_v the_o memory_n of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a we_o have_v information_n that_o there_o be_v some_o in_o those_o part_n who_o do_v reverence_v the_o cross_n and_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o it_o over_o their_o meat_n without_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v it_o when_o i_o be_v in_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o kiamsi_n i_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o christian_a that_o in_o the_o little_a town_n of_o tamo_n xan_n which_o be_v not_o far_o off_o there_o be_v some_o who_o when_o they_o go_v out_o of_o door_n do_v make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n upon_o their_o forehead_n and_o be_v ask_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o custom_n they_o answer_v only_o that_o they_o have_v learn_v it_o of_o their_o ancestor_n in_o the_o court_n of_o pekim_n some_o of_o our_o father_n be_v one_o day_n to_o visit_v a_o jew_n he_o discourse_v more_o particular_o to_o they_o concern_v this_o matter_n and_o name_v to_o they_o the_o
of_o china_n who_o from_o the_o horrid_a wilderness_n of_o infidelity_n have_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o pleasant_a pasture_n of_o christianity_n give_v illustrious_a example_n of_o their_o faith_n and_o constancy_n but_o the_o long_a narration_n of_o this_o glorious_a persecution_n be_v reserve_v for_o another_o place_n i_o only_o touch_v it_o here_o to_o admire_v the_o divine_a providence_n of_o god_n who_o raise_v so_o sharp_a war_n against_o china_n when_o they_o neglect_v christian_a peace_n and_o permit_v at_o the_o same_o time_n these_o tartar_n to_o take_v so_o deep_a a_o root_n in_o this_o empire_n of_o china_n as_o afterward_o grow_v to_o that_o height_n as_o to_o extirpate_v the_o royal_a family_n of_o the_o taminge_n together_o with_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n they_o go_v about_o utter_o to_o destroy_v all_o christianity_n but_o as_o ordinary_o it_o do_v by_o this_o very_a persecution_n christian_a religion_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n and_o greatness_n that_o the_o church_n glory_v to_o behold_v it_o whilst_o unless_o god_n vouchsafe_v to_o lend_v a_o potent_a help_a hand_n the_o vast_a kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v utter_o overthrow_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o chineses_n be_v very_o solicitous_a to_o expel_v this_o enemy_n from_o the_o bowel_n of_o their_o country_n and_o first_o they_o select_v very_o chief_a and_o eminent_a man_n for_o commander_n and_o governor_n then_o they_o gather_v a_o army_n of_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o choice_n soldier_n the_o king_n of_o corea_n also_o send_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n twelve_o thousand_o with_o this_o potent_a army_n therefore_o they_o go_v out_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n mdcxix_o to_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o enemy_n the_o tartar_n resolve_v to_o meet_v they_o with_o a_o undaunted_a courage_n and_o for_o a_o good_a while_o the_o event_n and_o victory_n be_v very_o doubtful_a but_o in_o the_o end_n the_o army_n of_o china_n be_v whole_o rout_v &_o their_o chief_a commander_n with_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n be_v all_o slay_v the_o tartar_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n prosecute_v the_o victory_n with_o all_o quickness_n and_o diligence_n for_o the_o same_o day_n they_o take_v and_o sack_v two_o city_n which_o they_o burn_v after_o this_o they_o overrun_v that_o whole_a country_n and_o come_v to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o pekin_n the_o emperor_n court_n but_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o besiege_v it_o because_o they_o know_v beside_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o canon_n it_o contain_v there_o be_v lodge_v fourscore_o thousand_o soldier_n in_o it_o but_o the_o chineses_n confess_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o fear_n and_o consternation_n in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o king_n think_v to_o have_v leave_v that_o city_n and_o go_v into_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o have_v effectual_o perform_v have_v not_o some_o commander_n suggest_v that_o his_o flight_n will_v give_v courage_n to_o the_o victorious_a and_o breed_v trouble_n and_o confusion_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v that_o to_o fly_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o yield_v up_o the_o land_n to_o the_o enemy_n nay_o more_o they_o say_v the_o disorder_n be_v such_o in_o the_o city_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n have_v come_v on_o he_o infallible_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o but_o the_o enemy_n be_v more_o greedy_a of_o prey_n and_o therefore_o they_o disperse_v themselves_o abroad_o spoil_v and_o burn_v all_o town_n and_o city_n and_o kill_v and_o destroy_v a_o immense_a company_n of_o chineses_n in_o a_o most_o cruel_a manner_n riches_n and_o so_o leave_v all_o these_o place_n dismantle_v and_o without_o garrison_n lade_v with_o infinite_a riches_n they_o return_v victorious_a to_o leaotung_v where_o they_o have_v their_o first_o footing_n after_o these_o thing_n have_v pass_v die_v that_o renown_v emperor_n of_o china_n call_v vanley_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n taichangus_n to_o succeed_v he_o who_o begin_v to_o gather_v a_o new_a army_n against_o the_o tartar_n but_o after_o four_o month_n reign_n he_o also_o die_v to_o he_o succeed_v theinkins_n choose_v who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o assume_v the_o crown_n send_v a_o ambassador_n with_o many_o magnificent_a present_n and_o worthy_a of_o the_o china_n monarchy_n to_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n the_o end_n of_o this_o embassage_n be_v to_o thank_v he_o for_o the_o auxiliary_a force_n send_v to_o his_o grandfather_n as_o also_o to_o comfort_v he_o for_o the_o loss_n he_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o late_a service_n of_o china_n &_o final_o to_o solicit_v and_o press_v for_o further_a succour_n chinese_n for_o it_o seem_v those_o of_o corea_n as_o they_o be_v near_o to_o japony_n so_o they_o participate_v more_o of_o that_o warlike_a spirit_n and_o fortitude_n than_o those_o of_o china_n do_v beside_o that_o he_o may_v more_o effectual_o divert_v the_o imminent_a danger_n of_o his_o kingdom_n ruin_n he_o levy_v new_a force_n throughout_o all_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o send_v into_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n to_o hinder_v the_o irruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n any_o further_o into_o the_o countery_a tartar_n and_o for_o their_o better_a supply_n with_o necessary_a provision_n he_o maintain_v a_o great_a navy_n in_o the_o haven_n of_o thiencin_n to_o carry_v corn_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o their_o maintenance_n commodious_a this_o port_n of_o thiencin_n be_v a_o station_n to_o which_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o ship_n resort_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o rivers_n from_o all_o part_n of_o china_n so_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n by_o a_o very_a short_a and_o compendious_a way_n they_o be_v easy_o provide_v with_o all_o necessary_n for_o all_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o leaotung_n be_v almost_o environ_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o further_a part_n be_v but_o two_o day_n distant_a by_o water_n from_o this_o port_n of_o thiencin_n but_o by_o land_n far_o more_o time_n be_v necessary_a among_o other_o commander_n which_o come_v with_o succour_n to_o their_o prince_n china_n there_o be_v one_o heroic_a lady_n who_o we_o may_v well_o call_v the_o amazon_n or_o penthesilean_n of_o china_n she_o bring_v along_o with_o her_o three_o thousand_o from_o the_o remote_a province_n of_o suchuen_n carry_v all_o not_o only_o masculine_a mind_n but_o man_n habit_n also_o and_o assume_v title_n more_o become_a man_n than_o woman_n this_o noble_a and_o generous_a lady_n give_v many_o rare_a proof_n of_o her_o courage_n and_o valour_n not_o only_o against_o these_o tartar_n but_o also_o against_o the_o rebel_n which_o afterward_o rise_v against_o their_o lord_n and_o emperor_n but_o now_o she_o come_v in_o this_o war_n to_o supply_v her_o son_n place_n who_o she_o leave_v at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n as_o be_v yet_o a_o child_n and_o not_o able_a to_o perform_v that_o homage_n and_o duty_n to_o which_o he_o be_v oblige_v for_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o country_n of_o suchuen_n there_o be_v a_o 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present_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o king_n man_n who_o they_o butcher_v in_o a_o most_o cruel_a manner_n but_o yet_o the_o water_n destroy_v more_o than_o their_o sword_n or_o arrow_n for_o many_o cast_v themselves_o headlong_o into_o the_o great_a river_n of_o cianthang_n which_o be_v a_o league_n broad_a and_o run_v near_o the_o city_n other_o leap_v and_o overcharge_v the_o boat_n in_o the_o river_n be_v present_o sink_v drown_v other_o fly_v away_o full_a of_o fear_n and_o confusion_n thrust_v one_o another_o at_o the_o river_n side_n into_o that_o unmerciful_a element_n and_o by_o all_o these_o many_o thousand_o perish_v the_o tartar_n want_v boat_n to_o pass_v this_o river_n take_v have_v thus_o expel_v or_o kill_v the_o soldiery_n they_o return_v triumphant_a to_o the_o city_n where_o they_o use_v neither_o force_n nor_o violence_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o noble_a city_n be_v conserve_v who_o beauty_n greatness_n and_o riches_n i_o hope_v to_o describe_v elsewhere_o not_o by_o hear-say_n but_o by_o what_o i_o see_v in_o the_o three_o year_n space_n i_o live_v in_o it_o from_o which_o i_o late_o come_v into_o europe_n this_o city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la have_v a_o artificial_a channel_n or_o dike_n to_o pass_v by_o water_n to_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n this_o channel_n be_v only_o separate_v by_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o way_n like_o a_o causeway_n from_o the_o river_n which_o as_o i_o say_v run_v on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o city_n the_o tartar_n therefore_o draw_v many_o boat_n out_o of_o this_o channel_n over_o the_o causeway_n into_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o boat_n they_o pass_v the_o river_n without_o resistance_n and_o find_v the_o fair_a city_n in_o all_o china_n call_v xaok_v prone_a enough_o to_o submit_v to_o their_o victorious_a arm_n this_o city_n in_o bigness_n yield_v to_o many_o other_o but_o in_o cleanness_n and_o comeliness_n it_o surpass_v all_o it_o be_v so_o environ_v with_o sweet_a water_n as_o a_o man_n may_v contemplate_v its_o beauty_n by_o round_v it_o in_o a_o boat_n it_o have_v large_a and_o fair_a street_n pave_v on_o both_o side_n with_o white_a square_a stone_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o all_o run_v a_o navigable_a channel_n who_o side_n be_v garnish_v with_o the_o like_a ornament_n and_o of_o the_o same_o stone_n there_o be_v also_o build_v many_o fair_n bridge_n and_o triumphant_a arch_n the_o house_n also_o which_o i_o observe_v not_o where_o else_o in_o china_n be_v build_v of_o the_o same_o square_a stone_n so_o as_o in_o a_o word_n i_o see_v nothing_o neat_a in_o all_o china_n they_o take_v this_o town_n without_o any_o resistance_n and_o so_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o southern_a town_n of_o this_o povince_n of_o chekiang_n but_o when_o they_o command_v all_o by_o proclamation_n to_o cut_v off_o their_o hair_n hair_n than_o both_o soldier_n and_o citizen_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o fight_v more_o 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the_o empire_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tartar_n have_v send_v for_o new_a force_n out_o of_o peking_n with_o which_o they_o leave_v never_o a_o stone_n unturned_a that_o they_o may_v get_v over_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi but_o all_o be_v in_o vain_a the_o droop_a affair_n therefore_o of_o the_o chinois_n now_o breathe_v again_o nay_o have_v gather_v together_o more_o force_n they_o promise_v themselves_o great_a victory_n but_o the_o ambition_n and_o emulation_n of_o rull_v frustrate_v all_o their_o hope_n for_o the_o commander_n and_o precedent_n which_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o chekian_n into_o the_o country_n of_o fokien_n carry_v with_o they_o one_o of_o taiminga_n family_n call_v thangus_fw-la and_o this_o man_n they_o choose_v king_n in_o the_o country_n of_o fokien_n which_o confine_n with_o chekiang_n this_o prince_n pretend_v that_o the_o king_n call_v lu._n shall_v yield_v up_o his_o right_n to_o he_o both_o because_o he_o have_v but_o a_o few_o city_n under_o he_o and_o also_o because_o he_o be_v further_o remove_v from_o the_o imperial_a race_n than_o he_o be_v but_o king_n lu._n pretend_v he_o be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o army_n before_o he_o and_o fail_v not_o to_o set_v forth_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o tartar_n by_o which_o two_o contention_n the_o tartar_n keep_v the_o crown_n for_o these_o two_o royalet_n will_v never_o yield_v to_o one_o another_o nor_o so_o unite_v their_o army_n as_o joint_o to_o repress_v the_o tartar_n since_o therefore_o this_o petty_a king_n lu._n have_v only_o eight_o city_n under_o his_o command_n who_o contribution_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o necessary_a pay_n of_o his_o army_n he_o never_o dare_v venture_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n but_o endeavour_v only_o to_o defend_v himself_o but_o the_o tartar_n seek_v all_o mean_n possible_o to_o get_v over_o this_o river_n yet_o they_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o pass_v in_o boat_n because_o king_n lu._n have_v many_o ship_n and_o good_a store_n of_o artillery_n which_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o sea_n but_o the_o tartar_n felicity_n and_o prosperous_a fortune_n overcome_v this_o difficulty_n for_o as_o it_o happen_v that_o year_n be_v dry_a than_o ordinary_a this_o river_n towards_o the_o south_n where_o it_o run_v betwixt_o high_a mountain_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o sea_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o depth_n xaâ—king_v and_o here_o the_o tartar_n horse_n find_v it_o passable_a and_o because_o the_o rudeness_n of_o those_o mountain_n seem_v a_o sufficient_a guard_n to_o the_o country_n they_o find_v no_o soldier_n to_o resist_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o clown_n espy_v twenty_o of_o their_o horse_n to_o have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o present_o advertise_v the_o army_n and_o they_o all_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n king_n lu._n himself_o leave_v the_o city_n xaok_v and_o not_o dare_v to_o trust_v himself_o to_o the_o continent_n he_o take_v ship_n and_o fail_v to_o the_o island_n call_v cheuxan_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o city_n of_o nimpus_fw-la where_o he_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n safe_a and_o keep_v still_o his_o regal_a dignity_n kingdom_n which_o island_n be_v heretofore_o only_o a_o retreit_n for_o fisheman_n and_o some_o clown_n now_o be_v become_v a_o potent_a kingdom_n by_o reason_n that_o many_o fly_n from_o china_n to_o this_o king_n lu._n as_o to_o their_o sanctuary_n to_o conserve_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o hair_n in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v now_o find_v three_o score_n and_o ten_o city_n with_o a_o strong_a and_o formidable_a army_n which_o hitherto_o have_v contemn_v all_o the_o tartarian_a power_n and_o force_n and_o watch_v for_o some_o happy_a occasion_n to_o advance_v again_o their_o kingdom_n in_o china_n but_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o tartar_n take_v all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o the_o county_n of_o chekiang_n into_o their_o dominion_n one_o only_a city_n of_o kinhoa_n who_o 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tartar_n together_o with_o many_o other_o neighbour_a city_n i_o dwell_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a house_n of_o the_o city_n venxus_fw-la the_o whole_a town_n then_o be_v in_o a_o tumult_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fear_n and_o flight_n of_o most_o of_o the_o citizen_n assoon_o as_o i_o understand_v of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o tartar_n i_o fix_v over_o the_o fair_a gate_n of_o the_o house_n a_o red_z paper_z very_o long_o and_o broad_a with_o this_o inscription_n upon_o it_o here_o dwell_v the_o european_a doctar_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o china_n governor_n when_o they_o take_v any_o journey_n to_o affix_v such_o inscription_n upon_o the_o house_n where_o they_o happen_v to_o lodge_v that_o all_o man_n may_v take_v notice_n what_o great_a person_n be_v there_o likewise_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o great_a hall_n i_o set_v out_o my_o great_a and_o fairest-bound_a book_n to_o these_o i_o add_v my_o mathematical_a instrument_n prospective_n and_o other_o optic_a glass_n and_o what_o else_o i_o think_v may_v make_v the_o great_a show_n and_o withal_o i_o place_v the_o picture_n of_o our_o saviour_n upon_o a_o altar_n erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o which_o fortunate_a stratagem_n i_o not_o on_o it_o only_o escape_v the_o violence_n and_o plunder_v of_o the_o common_a soldier_n but_o be_v invite_v and_o kind_o entertain_v by_o the_o tartarian_a viceroy_n who_o demand_v of_o i_o whether_o i_o will_v with_o a_o good_a will_v change_v my_o china-habit_n and_o cut_v off_o my_o hair_n to_o which_o i_o ready_o consent_v and_o so_o he_o command_v i_o to_o be_v shave_v there_o in_o his_o presence_n and_o i_o tell_v he_o that_o a_o shave_a head_n will_v not_o so_o well_o suit_n with_o a_o china-garment_n he_o pluke_v off_o his_o own_o boot_n and_o make_v i_o draw_v they_o on_o put_v his_o tartar_n bonnet_n on_o my_o head_n feast_v i_o at_o his_o table_n and_o accommodate_v i_o with_o his_o pass_n dismiss_v i_o to_o my_o ancient_a quarter_n in_o the_o noble_a city_n hancheu_o where_o we_o have_v a_o stately_a church_n and_o college_n in_o the_o siege_n of_o kinlna_n the_o tartar_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a gun_n which_o continual_o play_v upon_o they_o and_o by_o the_o wise_a conduct_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o noble_a commander_n suffer_v many_o and_o great_a loss_n insomuch_o as_o he_o force_v they_o to_o pitch_v their_o camp_n further_o from_o the_o city_n but_o at_o length_n they_o also_o bring_v artillery_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n by_o which_o they_o make_v so_o many_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n as_o these_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n dismantle_v they_o find_v entrance_n and_o burn_v and_o sack_v it_o with_o all_o imaginable_a hostility_n the_o governor_n blow_v up_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o family_n with_o a_o barrel_n of_o gunpowder_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n lest_o he_o or_o he_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o enemy_n hand_n the_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v environ_v with_o the_o border_a country_n of_o quamgtung_n kiansi_fw-la and_o chekiang_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o a_o continual_a chain_n of_o mountain_n which_o be_v in_o breadth_n of_o three_o day_n journey_n to_o pass_v over_o and_o withal_o so_o full_a of_o ragged_a and_o ruggy_a cliff_n and_o obscure_a valley_n as_o they_o make_v the_o very_a path_n horrid_a dark_a and_o obscure_a at_o noon_n day_n insomuch_o as_o without_o any_o exaggeration_n they_o may_v well_o be_v parallel_v either_o to_o the_o grecian_a strait_n of_o thermopolis_n or_o to_o the_o asian_a ruggy_a and_o strait_a passage_n of_o taurus_n these_o place_n may_v have_v be_v easy_o defend_v if_o they_o have_v but_o place_v a_o few_o clown_n to_o repel_v the_o enemy_n or_o cross_v the_o way_n by_o any_o encumbrance_n but_o the_o very_a imagination_n of_o a_o tartar_n be_v grow_v so_o terrible_a to_o they_o as_o they_o flee_v at_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o their_o horse_n leave_v therefore_o these_o mountain_n whole_o ungarnish_v the_o tartar_n find_v a_o passage_n easy_o but_o so_o very_o painful_a and_o full_a of_o difficulty_n as_o they_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v much_o of_o their_o baggage_n behind_o they_o and_o lose_v many_o of_o their_o horse_n in_o those_o fearful_a precipice_n but_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o take_v the_o province_n of_o fokien_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o it_o may_v have_v be_v defend_v for_o they_o hardly_o spend_v as_o much_o time_n in_o take_v it_o as_o a_o man_n will_v do_v to_o walk_v the_o extent_n of_o it_o the_o king_n himself_o name_v lungun_n which_o signify_v a_o warlike_a dragon_n show_v himself_o a_o fearful_a sheep_n fly_v away_o with_o a_o good_a army_n of_o man_n if_o that_o word_n right_o can_v be_v apply_v to_o a_o numerous_a multitude_n that_o have_v no_o heart_n but_o his_o sight_n serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o for_o the_o tartar_n follow_v he_o with_o their_o swift_a and_o nimble_a horse_n slay_v shoot_v all_o this_o flock_n of_o silly_a sheep_n to_o death_n with_o arrow_n it_o be_v think_v the_o king_n himself_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o massacre_n for_o he_o never_o appear_v nor_o be_v hear_v of_o afterward_o now_o because_o the_o whole_a province_n submit_v itself_o voluntary_o unto_o they_o without_o any_o resistance_n it_o do_v not_o only_o suffer_v little_a from_o the_o tartar_n but_o they_o have_v many_o choice_n and_o select_a soldier_n out_o of_o it_o and_o have_v thus_o again_o recruit_v their_o army_n they_o make_v another_o irruption_n into_o the_o country_n of_o quamgtung_n and_o its_o worth_a remark_n that_o the_o other_o tartarian_a commander_n who_o when_o the_o army_n be_v divide_v as_o i_o relate_v before_o have_v order_n to_o subdue_v the_o mediterranean_a country_n take_v with_o the_o same_o felicity_n and_o expedition_n pass_v victorious_a through_o the_o province_n of_o hâ—quaâ—g_n and_o kiangsi_fw-la enter_v also_o on_o one_o side_n of_o this_o country_n of_o quamgtung_n whilst_o the_o other_o come_v in_o by_o fokien_n upon_o the_o other_o fide_fw-la and_o because_o the_o town_n of_o naâ—kiung_a resolve_v to_o fight_v it_o out_o they_o consume_v it_o all_o by_o fire_n and_o sword_n so_o the_o poor_a country_n of_o quamgtung_n oppress_v by_o a_o double_a victorious_a army_n be_v quick_o overrun_v &_o subdue_v after_o this_o one_o of_o these_o victorious_a army_n enrich_v with_o all_o the_o rarity_n of_o china_n be_v call_v back_o to_o peking_n but_o yet_o they_o leave_v a_o garrison_n in_o every_o city_n assign_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartar_n both_o civil_a and_o martial_a officer_n for_o the_o country_n government_n the_o happy_a success_n in_o take_v the_o impregnable_a province_n of_o fokien_n be_v attribute_v by_o wise_a man_n to_o who_o judgement_n i_o also_o submit_v to_o a_o more_o remote_a and_o hide_a cause_n which_o i_o will_v brief_o relate_v there_o be_v at_o this_o time_n a_o famous_a and_o renown_a pirate_n call_v chinchilungus_fw-la this_o man_n be_v both_o in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n of_o which_o we_o be_v treat_v he_o first_o serve_v the_o portughese_n in_o macao_n then_o he_o serve_v the_o hollander_n in_o the_o island_n call_v formosa_fw-la where_o he_o be_v know_v to_o all_o stranger_n by_o the_o name_n of_o iquon_n after_o this_o he_o become_v a_o pirate_n but_o be_v of_o quick_a and_o nimble_a wit_n he_o grow_v from_o this_o small_a and_o slender_a fortune_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o power_n as_o he_o be_v hold_v either_o superior_a or_o equal_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n china_n for_o he_o have_v the_o trade_n of_o india_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o deal_v with_o the_o portugese_n in_o macao_n with_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o phillippin_n with_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o island_n formosa_fw-la and_o new_a holland_n with_o the_o japonians_n and_o with_o all_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o rich_a commodity_n he_o permit_v none_o to_o transport_v the_o ware_n of_o china_n but_o himself_o or_o he_o to_o who_o he_o bring_v back_o the_o riches_n and_o the_o silver_n of_o europe_n and_o indies_n for_o after_o he_o once_o rather_o extort_a than_o obtain_v pardon_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n for_o his_o piracy_n he_o become_v so_o formidable_a as_o that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o three_o thousand_o ship_n of_o which_o he_o be_v lord_n and_o master_n now_o be_v he_o content_v with_o this_o fortune_n but_o aspire_v private_o to_o no_o less_o than_o to_o the_o empire_n but_o because_o he_o know_v he_o never_o shall_v be_v accept_v of_o the_o prefect_n and_o people_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o taiminge_n alive_a he_o hope_v by_o the_o tartar_n mean_n to_o extinguish_v they_o whole_o and_o after_o
into_o his_o ship_n himself_o but_o know_v he_o can_v not_o avoid_v death_n by_o another_o man_n hand_n he_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v his_o own_o executioner_n and_o so_o hang_v himself_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o the_o supreme_a governor_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n grant_v to_o this_o man_n son_n the_o same_o dignity_n and_o province_n which_o have_v be_v confer_v upon_o the_o father_n and_o thus_o the_o three_o royolet_n join_v again_o have_v pass_v nank_n and_o kiangsi_n come_v at_o length_n into_o the_o province_n of_o quamtung_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n and_o at_o their_o first_o entrance_n they_o take_v many_o city_n which_o dare_v not_o oppose_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o army_n only_o the_o city_n of_o quangcheu_fw-la resolve_v to_o try_v its_o fortune_n and_o strength_n this_o city_n of_o quangcheu_fw-la be_v a_o most_o rich_a and_o beautiful_a place_n environ_v with_o large_a water_n only_o the_o northern_a gate_n join_v to_o the_o continent_n on_o all_o other_o side_n it_o be_v entrable_a only_o by_o boat_n in_o this_o town_n be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o captive_a iquon_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o beside_o there_o be_v a_o strong_a garrison_n to_o defend_v it_o and_o among_o other_o many_o fugitive_n from_o macao_n who_o be_v content_a to_o serve_v the_o emperor_n jung_o for_o great_a stipend_n and_o by_o reason_n the_o tartar_n have_v neither_o ship_n nor_o skill_n to_o govern_v they_o and_o that_o the_o town_n have_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o endure_v almost_o a_o whole_a year_n siege_n have_v the_o sea_n open_a for_o their_o relief_n the_o tartar_n make_v many_o assault_n in_o which_o they_o lose_v many_o man_n and_o be_v ever_o beat_v back_o and_o vigorous_o repel_v this_o courage_n of_o they_o make_v the_o tartar_n fall_v upon_o a_o resolution_n of_o beat_v down_o the_o town_n wall_n with_o their_o great_a cannon_n which_o have_v such_o effect_n as_o in_o fine_a they_o take_v it_o the_o 24._o of_o november_n mdcl_o and_o because_o it_o be_v remark_v that_o they_o give_v to_o one_o of_o the_o prefect_n of_o the_o town_n the_o same_o office_n he_o have_v before_o it_o be_v suspect_v it_o be_v deliver_v by_o treason_n pillage_v the_o next_o day_n after_o they_o begin_v to_o plunder_n the_o city_n and_o the_o sackage_n endure_v from_o the_o 24._o of_o november_n till_o the_o 5._o of_o december_n in_o which_o they_o neither_o spare_v man_n woman_n or_o child_n but_o all_o whosoever_o come_v in_o their_o way_n be_v cruel_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n nor_o be_v there_o hear_v any_o other_o speech_n but_o kill_v kill_v these_o barbarous_a rebel_n yet_o they_o spare_v some_o artificer_n to_o conserve_v the_o necessary_a art_n as_o also_o some_o strong_a and_o lusty_a man_n such_o as_o they_o see_v able_a to_o carry_v away_o the_o pillage_n of_o the_o city_n but_o final_o the_o 6_o day_n of_o december_n come_v out_o a_o edict_n which_o forbid_v all_o further_a vexation_n after_o they_o have_v kill_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n beside_o all_o those_o that_o perish_v several_a way_n during_o the_o siege_n after_o this_o bloody_a tragedy_n all_o the_o neighbour_a province_n send_v voluntary_o their_o legate_n to_o submit_v demand_v mercy_n which_o they_o obtain_v by_o the_o many_o rich_a present_n which_o be_v offer_v after_o this_o the_o royalet_n march_v with_o his_o army_n against_o the_o city_n chaok_v where_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n hold_v his_o court_n but_o he_o know_v himself_o far_o inferior_a in_o force_n and_o unable_a to_o resist_v flee_v away_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o family_n leave_v the_o city_n to_o the_o tartar_n mercy_n fly_v but_o whither_o this_o emperor_n flee_v be_v yet_o whole_o unknown_a to_o i_o for_o at_o this_o time_n i_o take_v ship_n in_o fokien_n to_o the_o philippines_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o be_v command_v to_o go_v for_o europe_n by_o those_o who_o i_o must_v not_o disobey_v but_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o emperor_n retire_v into_o the_o adjoin_a province_n call_v quangsi_n now_o to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o little_a touch_n how_o the_o tartar_n stand_v affect_v to_o christianity_n in_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o quangcheu_fw-la which_o as_o i_o now_o relate_v be_v utter_o destroy_v we_o have_v a_o stately_a church_n and_o there_o be_v a_o venerable_a person_n who_o have_v the_o care_n and_o superintendency_n of_o all_o the_o christian_n china_n who_o name_n be_v alvarus_n semedo_n a_o jesuit_n this_o man_n they_o take_v &_o tie_v hand_n &_o foot_n for_o many_o day_n and_o threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o every_o hour_n unless_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o christian_n treasure_n but_o the_o poor_a man_n have_v no_o treasure_n to_o produce_v so_o as_o he_o suffer_v much_o till_o at_o length_n the_o king_n heat_n of_o his_o case_n take_v pity_n of_o his_o venerable_a gray_a heir_n and_o comely_a person_n and_o give_v he_o not_o only_o his_o life_n and_o liberty_n christian_n but_o a_o bible_n and_o a_o breviary_n together_o with_o a_o good_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o a_o alm_n and_o final_o a_o house_n to_o build_v a_o church_n for_o christian_n and_o this_o be_v less_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o from_o he_o because_o heretofore_o he_o have_v be_v a_o soldier_n under_o that_o famous_a sun_n ignatius_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o where_o he_o know_v what_o belong_v to_o christianity_n and_o also_o have_v see_v the_o jesuit_n in_o his_o camp_n from_o whence_o he_o flee_v to_o the_o tartar_n nor_o be_v it_o only_o this_o tartar_n that_o favour_v we_o christian_n but_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o rest_n do_v love_n honour_n and_o esteem_v those_o father_n and_o many_o have_v embrace_v our_o religion_n nor_o do_v we_o doubt_v but_o many_o more_o will_v follow_v their_o example_n if_o we_o can_v enter_v tartary_n as_o now_o it_o be_v project_v where_o doubtless_o many_o great_a thing_n may_v be_v perform_v for_o the_o reduce_n of_o that_o nation_n to_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o perchance_o god_n have_v open_v a_o way_n to_o the_o tartar_n to_o enter_v china_n to_o give_v christianity_n a_o passage_n into_o tartary_n which_o hitherto_o to_o we_o have_v be_v unknown_a and_o inaccessible_a about_o this_o time_n also_o they_o make_v war_n against_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corea_fw-la who_o of_o late_a year_n become_v also_o tributary_n to_o the_o tartar_n upon_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v still_o conserve_v their_o hair_n and_o habit_n tartar_n but_o now_o the_o tartar_n will_v needs_o constrain_v they_o to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o tartarian_a fashion_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o kingdom_n revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n but_o my_o departure_n hinder_v i_o from_o know_v since_o what_o have_v pass_v but_o all_o these_o glorious_a victory_n be_v much_o eclipse_v by_o the_o sorrowful_a death_n of_o amavangus_n die_v which_o happen_v in_o the_o beginine_n of_o the_o year_n mdcli_o he_o be_v a_o man_n to_o who_o the_o tartar_n owe_v their_o empire_n in_o china_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o who_o both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n love_v and_o fear_v for_o his_o prudence_n justice_n humanity_n and_o skill_n in_o martial_a affair_n the_o death_n of_o this_o potentate_n do_v much_o trouble_v the_o court_n for_o the_o brother_n to_o this_o man_n call_v quingtus_fw-la will_v needs_o pretend_v to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o of_o the_o young_a emperor_n xunchius_n but_o both_o the_o tartar_n &_o the_o chineses_n resist_v his_o claim_n allege_v that_o be_v of_o sixteen_o year_n old_a he_o be_v able_a to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n himself_o &_o in_o conformity_n to_o this_o opinion_n all_o the_o precedent_n depose_v the_o ensign_n of_o their_o office_n refuse_v ever_o to_o receive_v they_o from_o any_o but_o from_o the_o young_a install_v emperor_n xunchius_n to_o which_o constancy_n the_o king_n kuintus_fw-la uncle_n to_o the_o emperor_n prudent_o yield_v lest_o he_o shall_v exasperate_v the_o mind_n of_o many_o and_o raise_v great_a trouble_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o i_o can_v doubt_v but_o the_o death_n of_o amavangus_n must_v needs_o endanger_v the_o tartarian_a empire_n and_o bring_v all_o their_o affair_n into_o great_a disturbance_n for_o they_o will_v hardly_o find_v a_o man_n so_o belove_v fear_a and_o expert_a in_o all_o military_a discipline_n and_o government_n as_o he_o in_o effect_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v but_o time_n will_v teach_v we_o what_o will_v become_v of_o all_o for_o since_o his_o death_n we_o have_v no_o certainty_n of_o any_o relation_n now_o let_v we_o turn_v the_o thread_n of_o our_o discourse_n as_o i_o promise_v here_o above_o and_o consider_v the_o fortune_n and_o success_n of_o the_o other_o great_a brigand_n call_v changhienchungus_n to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v how_o the_o