Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	castle_n	great_a	town_n	4,680	4	6.5133	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38593	Geologia Norvegica, or, A brief instructive remembrancer concerning that very great and spacious earthquake, which hapned [sic] almost quite through the south parts of Norvvay upon the 24th day of April, in the year 1657 also physical, historical, and theological grounds and reasons concerning the causes and significations of earthquakes / written in the Danish tongue by Michael Peterson Escholt ... ; and Englished by Daniel Collins.; Geologia Norvegica. English	Escholt, Michel Pedersøn, d. 1666.; Collins, Daniel, 17th cent.	1663 (1663)	Wing E3252; ESTC R15886	31,029	106

chapter more plainly and particularly discourseth And that there is no little Air or Wind in the hollow places of the earth we may apparently perceive when it breaks forth in Earthquakes for then we see that it can cast great stones up into the Air and lift up the earth yea great Mountains and make such a terrible quaking of the earth that mighty Citys and Towns Castles Fortresses high Towers and Walls great Churches and Buildings have been thereby utterly overthrown sunk and lost as it is Recorded concerning the great and mighty City of Antioch in Asia which in the year of Christ 528. was wholly destroyed by an Earthquake and there was 4870 persons killed by the fall of its Towers Spires Walls and Buildings Likewise in the year of Christ 1509. the 14th of September the City of Constantinople was very much defaced and spoiled by a dreadful Earthquake which continued 18 days for it overthrew that long thick and strong wall which stood along by the water-side and all the houses that stood neer it to the ground and fill'd up the Motes and Ditches without the walls with Rubbish Stones and Chaulk that one might have gone dry-shod over them The same Earthquake shook down that part of the Grand-Signiors Pallace where the Treasury was and five great and strong Towers quite and clean and besides all the mischief that it did by Sea and Land which could not be repaired for many Tun of Gold it killed and destroyed 13000 persons Munster lib. 4. Likewise in the year 1517. the 16th of June There hapned a terrible Earthquake at Norlingen 40 miles from Nuremburg in High Germany which overthrew St. Emerania's Church to the ground and 2000 houses besides within and without the City for about the space of eight miles and the same Earthquake did also overthrow many great trees both in Orchards and Woods Munster lib. 3. de Suevia CHAP. V. Concerning the Physical description of Earthquakes with their species operation and natural effects THere are certain Divines which will by no means grant that Earthquakes should proceed from natural causes but only from the particular power appointment and dispensation of God according to the Testimony of Job chap. 9. ver 5 6. He removeth Mountains and they know not He shaketh the earth out of her place and the pillars thereof do tremble These I do in equity allow the retention of their received opinions But other Divines do acknowledge that Earthquakes have also their natural causes by which God Almighty doth occasion their production and to speak Physically to this Naturalists do describe it thus An Earthquake is a violent moving stirring shaking or quaking of the earth occasioned by the subterraneous salt-peterish moisture and damps inclosed together with the Air or wind in the hollow places of the earth Now when such damps and moistures grow so great strong and thick by length of time that they cannot continue with the subterraneous Air any longer in one hole together then they do forcibly expell the subterraneous Air from thence which by nature always giveth way to solid and thicker bodies and then there is a kind of civil conflict between them which of them shall give way and depart from those hollow places in the earth if the earth then be poreous sandy or loose the inclosed Air and Wind gets out thorough those Pores or sweating holes and is seen above the earth like a smoaky Fogg or Mist as is touched before in the last preceding chapter But if the earth be so hard close and tight that the inclosed Damps and Air cannot by its thinnesse and subtilty penetrate exhale and force it selfe thorough the pores and sweating holes of the earth then it breaks thorough the earth violently by its natural force and strength and thereby causes the earth to shake and quake until it can split and burst assunder in some certain place to give them room And hence it is that such Earthquakes do seldom happen in those countreys or places where the earth is porous loose or sandy because there the inclosed air damps and moistures can easily penetrate and force themselves through the earth and make their way without the shaking or moving of the earth which cannot be where there is close tight and solid earth round about them Now as touching the several kinds and species of Earthquakes it is certain truth found by experience That all Earthquakes do not happen after one and the same but after divers kinds and manners Aristotle in libello de mundo reckons up and describes seven sorts of Earthquakes each by its particular properties and fashion according to the strength or weakness of the subterraneous contest of Nature 1. Amongst which by some Earthquakes whole Citys and Mountains with Houses and People sink quite down into the earth as Pliny writes lib. 2. cap. 48 That in Asia in the time of the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius there sunk twelve great Citys and principal Towns quite and clean down in one night by an Earthquake Eusebius in Chronic. ad Annum Christi 33. Nicephorus lib. 1. cap. 14. do suppose that this was the great Earthquake that hapned at the time of Christs death which was in the 18th year of the Reign of the Emperour Tiberins 2. By some Earthquakes the earth is swoln and heaved up high above its natural shape and proportion so that great Mountains and Hills are made there where before it was plain and even ground Freeburgum Brisgojae was destroyed by such an Earthquake in the year 1509. And there are many great Islands and places incompassed with water often thus made for when this kind of Earthquake happens under the waters it heaves and raiseth up the earth sometimes and in some places so high that it reaches up above the water and there it remains and in time is changed and comes to be an inhabitable Island It is Recorded that the Island Delus Rhodus Alone Thera and Therasia c. came up so and also the Islands of Echinades were so lifted up out of the River Acheloo and certain others in Egypt out of the River Nilus as Pliny witnesseth lib. 2. cap. 87. 3. Some Earthquakes do raise and lift up the earth very high above its natural shape but assoon as the Earthquake is past it presently sinks and settles down and recovers its former natural shape again and doth not much hurt 4. By some Earthquakes the earth is torn and divided assunder in a certain place so that there is a horrible great Hiatus or open hole made as it hapned in Moses his time when such a Hiatus rending or opening of the earth swallowed up Moses seditious adversarys such were Korah Dathan and Abiram with certain other men of the children of Israel 250 Princes of the Assembly famous in the Congregation and men of renown with their Houses Goods and all the men that appertained to Korah sunk alive down into Hell with all that they had and the earth closed upon

thereafter followed that very great destructive warr between the Persians and the Romans on the one hand and the Goths and Romans on the other hand to the great weakning and spoyling of the Romish Empire In the year 256. there sunk down many fair buildings people and all especially in Italy whereupon there followed terrible distempers all over the Romish Empire that all the Provinces of it were full of warrs and uproars and there was such a mighty Plague at Rome and in Achaia that there dyed at Rome in one day 5000 people all of the plague And the year after did arise the Sect of the Samosatenians by Paul Samosatenus a Bishop of Antioch which did much prevail and caused very great disturbance in the Church of God In the year 345. there hapned a destructive Earthquake in and about Antioch whereby many Towns were spoiled and destroyed and it continued almost a whole year sometimes ceasing and presently beginning again Thereupon followed a great warr between the Emperor Constantine and his Brother Constantem for the Emperial Monarchy wherein Constantine was beaten and overthrown by AnAnquileja and afterwards cast into the flood Alsa where he had his burial And after the same Earthquake did also happen fearful Schisms and differences in Religion for the Emperour Constantem himselfe turn'd Arian and caused an universal Synod to meet at Laodicea in which those holy Fathers of the Church and Bishops namely Athanasius of Alexandria Eusebius of Vercelis Dionisius of Meiland Hillarius of Pictavia Paulinus of Trier and many other Bishops and at last Pope Julius himselfe were deposed from their offices and places and banisht And presently after that did the Socinian Heresie arise by Photinus Praesbiterius Sirmienses which filled the Church of Christ with much trouble and confusion About this there was a great Synod of Divines met at Sardis in Illyrico wherein were Assembled 376 Bishops at which time the Church of Christ was wretchedly distracted and divided for although 300 of the Bishops remained constant to the true Christian faith and Religion yet the 76 Eastern Bishops fell from it and became Arians But the Sect of the Socinians was condemned by both sides In the year 348 there hapned a great Earthquake in Campania and Italy whereby Dyrachium was wholly destroyed and Rome shook and trembled for the space of three days and nights In Campania were many towns quite spoiled thereupon there followed again great distractions and disturbances both in Church and State For the Emperour Constantem caused two general Synods of Divines to be Assembled one in Armenia in Italy in which the Catholick Christian faith was confessed and maintained by more then 400 Fathers of the Church and the other at Saleucia in Isauria wherein the Arian Heresie was by a hundred and fifty Bishops approved justified and acknowledged for good And in the temporal state there followed a long and destructive warr between the Emperour Constantem and Magnentius with unspeakable efusion of bloud on both sides In the year 366. there hapned terrible Earthquakes all over the world the Sea broke through in divers places doing much harm At Constantinople it Hailed such great stones that they destroyed many People and much Cattle Nicaee was wholly demollished to the very ground the Romish Empire was fill'd with warrs and uproars in all places The High Dutch rob'd and plunder'd in France Sarmatae that is the Polanders and Muscovites on the one side and Quadi that is the Silesians on the other side invaded Hungary The Saxons on the one side and the Scots on the other side fell upon England the Goths did what they listed in Panonia and overcame Scythia and Thracia the Persians subdudued and took Armenia so that the Romish Empire was lamentably imbroyled and it proved Earthquake sufficient to the Inhabitants of those Countreys and Kingdoms In the year of Christ 400. There hapned a very great and dangerous Earthquake in High Germany and the Heavens lookt like a burning flame for divers days together Thereupon it followed that King Snie of Denmark waged a destructive warr against King Biorn of Sweden in which warr he lost his own life and the Lombards together with a great resort of several other Nations marched out of the Countrey of the Vandals 300000 strong over the Rhine into France and plunder'd it quite through from thence they advanced into Spain where they did the like and continued there a long time The Hunnes also at that time made an unspeakable warr upon the Romans lost in one battle 125000 men but slew 210000 of the Romans shortly after this they had another battle again wherein the Hunnes lost 40000 men In the year 406. there hapned several Earthquakes in High Dutchland especially by the River Rhine Thereupon King Rorick of Denmark fell into High Dutchland the year following vanquished subdued and possest himselfe of the Countrey round about went over the River Rhine and destroyed Mentz Worms Spire and Trier ruin'd and destroyed all the adjacent Towns so that the Inhabitants yea even nature it self seemed to be amazed and to tremble at his approach For which is strange when he came before the City of Metis that is Metz and laid siege unto it a great part of the City walls fell down to the ground by an Earthquake so that without any resistance or striking a stroak he took the City In the year 412. there hapned many Earthquakes both in Asia and Europe Whereupon ensued a great plague of pestilence in most Countreys and also a most terrible famine and scarcity by means of the great mis-growth of the fruits of the earth Also fearful Tempests Storms and Hail that many Hailstones weigh'd eight pound Alaricus the King of the West Goths fell into Italy and almost utterly destroyed the City of Rome purposed to have destroyed Italy and called Rome by the name of Gothia And after these Earthquakes did also arise the Pelagian heresie by Pelagius an English Heretick against which was holden an universal Synod at Carthage consisting of 270 Bishops amongst which especially was St. Jerom and St. Augustine also Attilla the King of the Hunnes began to tyrannize cruelly in Europe having great and wonderful fortune and success In the year 488. there hapned great and terrible Earthquakes in the Romish Empire for a moneths time together whereby many Mountains Castles and Cities were destroyed and overthrown and many people perished And it ensued thereupon that Odoacer of Saxony by open Hostility invaded Italy and was defeated three times by King Diderick of Bern so that he was forced to flye for refuge to Ravennam and was besieged there by the Goths three years together In the year 544. there hapned as is Recorded several terrible Earthquakes almost all over Europe but especially at Rome and in Italy Whereupon it followed that Totillas the King of the East Goths besieged Rome so straightly that the Inhabitants were forced to eat Dogs and Cats for hunger Afterwards he took the