Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	care_n	consent_n	great_a	41	3	2.1699	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06617	Instructions for the warres Amply, learnedly, and politiquely, discoursing the method of militarie discipline. Originally written in French by that rare and worthy generall, Monsieur William de Bellay, Lord of Langey, Knight of the order of Fraunce, and the Kings lieutenant in Thurin. Translated by Paule Iue, Gent.; Instructions sur le faict de la guerre. English	Fourquevaux, Raimond de Beccarie de Pavie, baron de, 1509-1574.; Ive, Paul. Practise of fortification. aut; Du Bellay, Guillaume, 1491-1543, attributed name.	1589 (1589)	STC 1708.5; ESTC S109957	278,520	369

like_a unto_o the_o mammeluk_n of_o the_o sultan_n or_o the_o janissary_n of_o the_o turk_n which_o manner_n although_o it_o seem_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n to_o have_v be_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o empire_n notwithstanding_o it_o turn_v it_o oftentimes_o upsidowne_o because_o that_o this_o number_n of_o soldier_n dispose_v of_o that_o dignity_n at_o their_o pleasure_n be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o in_o arm_n against_o naked_a man_n and_o unarmed_a on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o other_o army_n which_o be_v in_o france_n barbary_n and_o elswere_v will_v stand_v in_o their_o own_o conceit_n the_o one_o name_v one_o to_o be_v emperor_n and_o the_o other_o another_o insomuch_o that_o sometime_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o pretendant_o who_o in_o think_v to_o consume_v one_o another_o consume_v the_o empire_n which_o have_v cost_v so_o much_o the_o get_n a_o thing_n that_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o but_o after_o that_o most_o of_o the_o emperor_n be_v of_o strange_a nation_n as_o the_o soldier_n which_o have_v make_v they_o be_v it_o be_v a_o occasion_n that_o they_o have_v less_o care_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o empire_n then_o if_o they_o have_v be_v bear_v within_o the_o city_n whereof_o ensue_v that_o as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v declare_v emperor_n as_o those_o that_o have_v elect_v they_o march_v against_o the_o say_a city_n with_o one_o consent_n as_o against_o their_o enemy_n with_o intent_n to_o triumph_v over_o it_o and_o god_n know_v whether_o that_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v handle_v without_o the_o commit_n of_o many_o robbery_n &_o insolence_n in_o those_o change_n and_o also_o of_o many_o murder_n aswell_o of_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o as_o of_o the_o senator_n &_o other_o great_a personage_n in_o rome_n certain_o we_o must_v say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a see_v that_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o if_o the_o institution_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v at_o that_o time_n that_o their_o virtue_n flourish_v have_v be_v always_o maintain_v that_o be_v to_o make_v war_n with_o their_o own_o people_n and_o not_o to_o have_v wage_v stranger_n nor_o likewise_o to_o have_v suffer_v their_o neighbour_n and_o alliance_n in_o their_o camp_n in_o great_a number_n than_o they_o themselves_o be_v their_o empire_n have_v not_o be_v divide_v nor_o have_v not_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n nor_o their_o city_n so_o many_o time_n destroy_v and_o abandon_v as_o it_o have_v be_v for_o if_o they_o have_v maintain_v their_o first_o manner_n of_o war_n they_o have_v escape_v all_o their_o inconvenience_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o their_o enterprise_n to_o as_o happy_a end_n as_o they_o do_v while_o they_o serve_v themselves_o with_o their_o own_o citizen_n michael_n paleologus_fw-la the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n may_v likewise_o be_v a_o example_n who_o call_v a_o number_n of_o turk_n to_o his_o aid_n to_o make_v war_n against_o certain_a prince_n of_o greece_n that_o rebel_v against_o he_o show_v they_o the_o way_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o europe_n and_o thereupon_o the_o say_a turk_n take_v occasion_n to_o come_v upon_o greece_n with_o great_a force_n and_o to_o invade_v it_o by_o little_a and_o little_a of_o which_o mischief_n the_o say_a emperor_n be_v cause_n for_o that_o he_o choose_v rather_o to_o cause_v stranger_n to_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n then_o to_o take_v up_o in_o his_o country_n those_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o make_v his_o war_n withal_o with_o who_o if_o he_o have_v will_v he_o may_v with_o little_a labour_n have_v vanquish_v a_o lord_n of_o bulgarie_n his_o subject_n and_o have_v chastened_a he_o without_o thrust_v a_o army_n of_o turk_n into_o his_o country_n who_o if_o they_o have_v not_o come_v there_o greece_n have_v not_o suffer_v the_o misery_n which_o it_o have_v suffer_v in_o time_n past_a and_o which_o it_o must_v yet_o every_o day_n suffer_v and_o therefore_o without_o have_v regard_n unto_o the_o old_a opinion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o the_o country_n be_v cold_a or_o hot_a and_o to_o withstand_v the_o manifold_a inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v unto_o those_o that_o may_v make_v their_o war_n with_o the_o help_n of_o stranger_n i_o think_v that_o every_o prince_n ought_v to_o strengthen_v himself_o with_o his_o subject_n without_o make_v any_o account_n to_o high_a other_o or_o at_o the_o least_o if_o he_o will_v be_v serve_v with_o stranger_n not_o to_o make_v they_o his_o principal_a force_n for_o the_o danger_n that_o may_v happen_v as_o for_o to_o commit_v the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n or_o of_o the_o great_a personage_n of_o a_o kingdom_n unto_o the_o trust_n of_o those_o that_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n and_o who_o love_v he_o not_o and_o the_o service_n which_o they_o do_v he_o be_v but_o for_o a_o few_o crown_n be_v a_o counsel_n ground_v upon_o no_o reason_n because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v that_o stranger_n be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v corrupt_v than_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v in_o the_o same_o country_n that_o their_o king_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o who_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o dear_a unto_o they_o then_o unto_o those_o that_o serve_v he_o but_o for_o his_o money_n which_o once_o fail_v they_o abandon_v he_o as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o know_v he_o hereupon_o i_o may_v allege_v that_o which_o a_o great_a troop_n of_o launceknight_n do_v unto_o monsiure_v montpensier_n in_o naples_n who_o leave_v he_o there_o at_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o spaniard_n only_o because_o his_o money_n fail_v and_o that_o the_o enemy_n promise_v they_o payment_n at_o their_o first_o arrival_n and_o assoon_o as_o they_o be_v turn_v from_o that_o part_n which_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n the_o first_o time_n and_o not_o to_o accuse_v the_o almain_n only_o i_o say_v that_o the_o swisser_n leave_v monsiure_v the_o latrec_fw-la at_o that_o time_n that_o the_o term_n of_o their_o payment_n be_v expire_v because_o they_o doubt_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v borrow_v upon_o the_o month_n follow_v and_o although_o that_o the_o say_v swisser_n do_v not_o go_v from_o we_o unto_o our_o enemy_n yet_o every_o man_n know_v well_o that_o they_o forsake_v the_o say_a lord_n when_o as_o his_o enemy_n be_v equal_a unto_o he_o in_o strength_n which_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n since_o that_o the_o grison_n depart_v from_o our_o camp_n before_o pavia_n and_o abandon_v the_o king_n his_o person_n even_o at_o that_o instant_n that_o the_o spaniard_n be_v determine_v to_o hazard_v the_o battle_n and_o to_o assault_v he_o which_o happen_v within_o few_o day_n after_o so_o that_o the_o go_v away_o of_o those_o band_n do_v great_o weaken_v our_o army_n for_o they_o be_v six_o or_o eight_o thousand_o and_o be_v cause_n that_o the_o enemy_n do_v enterprise_n more_o bold_o to_o assault_v we_o and_o that_o our_o man_n be_v more_o discourage_v to_o receive_v they_o in_o so_o much_o that_o put_v thereunto_o the_o evil_a behaviour_n of_o our_o swisser_n who_o go_v away_o without_o strike_v stroke_n we_o lose_v the_o battle_n whereby_o appear_v plain_o the_o little_a trust_n that_o be_v to_o be_v give_v unto_o stranger_n and_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v for_o we_o to_o repose_v our_o state_n in_o their_o force_n whosoever_o he_o be_v i_o will_v not_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o king_n shall_v make_v his_o force_n of_o stranger_n nor_o that_o he_o shall_v entertain_v so_o many_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o equal_a force_n with_o his_o own_o subject_n if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o take_v any_o for_o if_o the_o stranger_n be_v as_o strong_a as_o his_o own_o people_n and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o say_v stranger_n shall_v do_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a unto_o their_o mind_n which_o they_o refuse_v they_o must_v be_v fight_v withal_o or_o there_o will_v be_v no_o obedience_n but_o if_o they_o find_v themselves_o the_o weak_a they_o will_v never_o have_v the_o heart_n to_o disobey_v nor_o to_o busy_v themselves_o with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o captain_n general_n as_o they_o be_v when_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a to_o bridle_v they_o for_o which_o cause_n a_o prince_n that_o may_v find_v himself_o in_o extremity_n not_o to_o be_v obey_v of_o the_o stranger_n which_o he_o may_v retain_v aught_o to_o have_v in_o his_o camp_n such_o a_o number_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n that_o if_o he_o be_v drive_v to_o use_v force_n they_o may_v be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o constrain_v the_o rebel_n to_o accomplish_v his_o will_n for_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o do_v because_o the_o service_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n will_v be_v slack_v and_o sometime_o

unto_o the_o general_n during_o the_o combat_n which_o may_v dismay_v his_o soldier_n it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o great_a wisdom_n to_o cover_v it_o and_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o it_o present_o as_o tullius_n hostilius_n who_o see_v that_o his_o assistant_n which_o ought_v to_o enter_v battle_n with_o he_o go_v their_o way_n without_o strike_v stroke_n and_o that_o their_o departure_n will_v have_v great_o dismay_v his_o soldier_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v give_v out_o through_o all_o his_o host_n that_o they_o go_v away_o by_o his_o commandment_n which_o do_v not_o only_o appease_v his_o people_n but_o do_v moreover_o so_o encourage_v they_o that_o they_o be_v victorious_a the_o like_a do_v silla_n when_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o horseman_n forsake_v he_o and_o another_o time_n when_o as_o he_o have_v send_v certain_a of_o his_o assistant_n into_o a_o place_n where_o they_o be_v all_o overthrow_v and_o slay_v except_o one_o person_n fear_v lest_o his_o army_n shall_v be_v dismay_v say_v incontinent_o that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o own_o will_n and_o counsel_n because_o they_o have_v conspire_v against_o he_o and_o that_o therefore_o he_o have_v send_v they_o unto_o that_o place_n to_o dispatch_v they_o to_o prevent_v their_o mischief_n sertorius_n be_v in_o spain_n in_o battle_n against_o his_o enemy_n slay_v a_o messenger_n that_o bring_v he_o word_n of_o the_o death_n of_o one_o of_o his_o captain_n doubt_v that_o this_o news_n shall_v have_v discourage_v and_o take_v away_o his_o soldier_n good_a will_n for_o to_o fight_v titus_n didius_n have_v lose_v many_o of_o his_o people_n in_o battle_n against_o his_o enemy_n who_o on_o both_o side_n have_v give_v over_o not_o know_v who_o have_v the_o better_a to_o hide_v the_o loss_n he_o have_v sustain_v cause_v all_o the_o night_n long_o his_o dead_a man_n to_o be_v carry_v away_o and_o to_o be_v bury_v the_o next_o day_n his_o enemy_n see_v a_o great_a number_n of_o dead_a man_n on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o few_o of_o the_o roman_n imagine_v thereby_o that_o they_o be_v great_o weaken_v forsake_v the_o place_n not_o offer_v battle_n any_o more_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o stay_v and_o to_o bring_v a_o army_n back_o again_o unto_o the_o combat_n when_o it_o be_v flee_v i_o mean_v if_o they_o be_v all_o in_o go_v but_o if_o it_o be_v but_o part_n of_o they_o there_o may_v then_o some_o remedy_n be_v find_v and_o such_o a_o remedy_n as_o diverse_a captain_n have_v help_v themselves_o withal_o heretofore_o which_o have_v be_v to_o place_v themselves_o before_o those_o that_o flee_v show_v they_o the_o danger_n and_o shame_n that_o do_v follow_v a_o flight_n of_o which_o captain_n be_v silla_n who_o see_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o soldier_n chase_v by_o mithridates_n have_v turn_v their_o back_n get_v before_o they_o with_o his_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o use_v these_o word_n unto_o they_o in_o a_o loud_a voice_n as_o in_o reproach_n you_o roman_a soldier_n that_o fly_v away_o when_o you_o be_v return_v unto_o your_o city_n if_o any_o man_n do_v ask_v you_o where_o you_o have_v leave_v your_o captain_n answer_v they_o that_o you_o forsake_v he_o in_o boetia_n fight_v against_o his_o enemy_n attilius_n the_o consul_n see_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n do_v fight_v valiant_o and_o that_o another_o part_n begin_v to_o fly_v take_v those_o that_o make_v no_o show_n to_o fly_v and_o place_v they_o against_o those_o that_o be_v fly_v say_v unto_o they_o that_o those_o that_o will_v not_o return_v again_o unto_o the_o combat_n although_o they_o have_v escape_v their_o enemy_n hand_n shall_v not_o escape_v their_o friend_n philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n know_v that_o his_o soldier_n fear_v great_o the_o scythian_n against_o who_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o fight_v appoint_v that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o best_a horseman_n and_o those_o who_o he_o trust_v most_o unto_o shall_v be_v place_v upon_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n of_o his_o battle_n command_v they_o to_o kill_v all_o those_o that_o will_v make_v any_o show_n to_o turn_v their_o back_n whereof_o his_o people_n be_v advertise_v choose_v rather_o to_o abide_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o battle_n then_o to_o trust_v unto_o the_o flight_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n overcome_v they_o the_o roman_n not_o only_o to_o stay_v a_o flight_n but_o also_o the_o more_o to_o animate_v their_o soldier_n in_o the_o fight_n have_v sometime_o take_v their_o ensign_n from_o those_o that_o carry_v they_o and_o thrust_v they_o forward_o into_o the_o thick_a press_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o remember_v the_o shame_n and_o punishment_n that_o may_v come_v upon_o those_o that_o shall_v suffer_v their_o ensign_n to_o be_v lose_v have_v fight_v manful_o at_o other_o time_n it_o have_v happen_v that_o the_o roman_a consul_n see_v their_o ensignebearer_n to_o march_v too_o slow_o &_o cold_o against_o their_o enemy_n have_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v slay_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o if_o it_o chance_v that_o all_o the_o army_n do_v fly_v before_o their_o enemy_n they_o do_v then_o shut_v the_o gate_n of_o their_o camp_n say_v that_o no_o soldier_n shall_v enter_v before_o they_o have_v vanquish_v their_o enemy_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o re-enter_v in_o battle_n and_o to_o begin_v the_o combat_n in_o better_a order_n i_o do_v here_o remember_v myself_o somewhat_o as_o touch_v the_o form_n of_o range_v of_o a_o army_n in_o battle_n there_o have_v be_v heretofore_o captain_n that_o have_v range_v their_o battle_n in_o point_n that_o be_v to_o say_v narrow_a and_o strong_a their_o chief_a force_n before_o think_v by_o that_o mean_n to_o open_v the_o enemy_n host_n the_o easy_a against_o which_o manner_n have_v be_v invent_v a_o form_n of_o battle_n like_a unto_o a_o pair_n of_o shears_n or_o fork_n for_o to_o receive_v the_o say_a point_n and_o to_o environ_v it_o and_o to_o fight_v with_o it_o upon_o every_o side_n in_o which_o case_n this_o general_a rule_n must_v be_v use_v that_o be_v that_o the_o great_a remedy_n that_o a_o man_n may_v find_v against_o his_o enemy_n pretence_n be_v to_o do_v that_o voluntary_o which_o he_o shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o do_v for_o that_o do_v it_o voluntary_o it_o may_v be_v do_v in_o good_a order_n to_o his_o advantage_n and_o unto_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o enemy_n whereas_o if_o he_o be_v enforce_v to_o do_v it_o upon_o a_o extremity_n it_o will_v be_v his_o manifest_a perdition_n and_o to_o verify_v this_o i_o must_v repeat_v certain_a thing_n speak_v of_o before_o if_o our_o enemy_n do_v make_v the_o head_n of_o his_o battle_n sharp_a and_o strong_a before_o to_o open_v our_o battle_n and_o that_o we_o attend_v or_o assail_v he_o have_v we_o open_a we_o be_v sure_a to_o put_v our_o enemy_n into_o disorder_n without_o any_o doubt_n and_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o put_v our_o man_n to_o any_o foil_n to_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v true_a hannibal_n place_v elephant_n in_o the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n to_o open_a scipio_n his_o battle_n which_o scipio_n march_v with_o his_o battle_n open_a do_v thereby_o overthrow_v he_o asdrubal_n place_v the_o best_a soldier_n that_o he_o have_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n for_o to_o enforce_v scipio_n his_o man_n but_o scipio_n command_v that_o they_o shall_v retire_v of_o themselves_o and_o so_o overcome_v they_o so_o that_o we_o do_v see_v that_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o imagination_n when_o as_o we_o do_v provide_v for_o it_o betimes_o and_o when_o as_o we_o do_v that_o voluntary_o which_o we_o think_v we_o must_v do_v either_o by_o force_n or_o extremity_n what_o a_o lieutenant_n general_n ought_v to_o do_v after_o the_o win_n or_o lose_v of_o a_o battle_n and_o what_o consideration_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v before_o that_o he_o do_v enter_v into_o battle_n the_o 2._o chapter_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v unto_o this_o discourse_n the_o chance_n that_o may_v happen_v after_o the_o win_n or_o léese_v of_o a_o battle_n special_o for_o that_o those_o thing_n which_o i_o do_v mean_a to_o entreat_v of_o concern_v this_o matter_n be_v so_o appertinent_a thereunto_o that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v leave_v unspoken_a and_o may_v be_v write_v brief_o let_v we_o say_v then_o that_o battle_n may_v be_v win_v and_o lose_v as_o every_o man_n know_v who_o so_o win_v aught_o to_o follow_v the_o victory_n with_o all_o diligence_n imitate_v caesar_n in_o this_o case_n and_o not_o hannibal_n who_o lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o have_v the_o upper_a hand_n of_o the_o roman_n after_o that_o he_o have_v vanquish_v they_o at_o can_n because_o that_o he_o rest_v too_o much_o and_o

against_o the_o town_n which_o he_o do_v trouble_v pretend_v to_o conquer_v it_o by_o that_o mean_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o town_n near_o enough_o the_o say_a general_n may_v keep_v a_o fly_a camp_n round_o about_o it_o the_o which_o shall_v neither_o be_v far_o from_o it_o nor_o near_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v better_a to_o follow_v this_o counsel_n although_o it_o be_v somewhat_o far_o of_o then_o to_o besiege_v such_o a_o town_n with_o all_o his_o force_n at_o hand_n for_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o course_n that_o may_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o garrison_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a marvel_n if_o the_o town_n at_o length_n do_v not_o famish_v or_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o some_o composition_n how_o long_o soever_o it_o do_v hold_v out_o beside_o that_o there_o happen_v accident_n from_o time_n to_o time_n unlooked_a for_o which_o may_v make_v a_o war_n quick_o win_v or_o lose_v whereas_o to_o enterprise_v a_o thing_n impossible_a be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o beat_v 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all_o point_n as_o we_o be_v except_v good_a heart_n or_o although_o the_o say_a town_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o strong_a of_o people_n at_o the_o uttermost_a if_o it_o have_v man_n enough_o to_o furnish_v the_o wall_n and_o bulwark_n round_o about_o it_o from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o moreover_o a_o good_a number_n to_o defend_v the_o breach_n which_o those_o that_o be_v without_o may_v make_v and_o if_o a_o town_n be_v so_o furnish_v although_o that_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o other_o defence_n be_v not_o of_o the_o best_a yet_o it_o may_v be_v account_v to_o be_v most_o strong_a because_o that_o the_o sure_a wall_n and_o defence_n that_o may_v be_v make_v be_v man_n so_o that_o they_o be_v good_a every_o man_n know_v well_o that_o perone_n be_v too_o weak_a of_o itself_o to_o resist_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o army_n of_o fleming_n and_o almain_n that_o do_v besiege_v it_o notwithstanding_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o lord_n martial_n of_o the_o march_n and_o his_o man_n make_v it_o invincible_a it_o be_v but_o 18._o year_n since_o meziers_n be_v find_v unprovided_a of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o make_v a_o town_n strong_a and_o notwithstanding_o the_o frenchman_n which_o be_v within_o it_o among_o who_o principal_a chief_n as_o i_o have_v understand_v be_v the_o lord_n constable_n do_v keep_v it_o against_o the_o power_n of_o a_o emperor_n the_o lacedaemonian_n will_v never_o suffer_v that_o their_o city_n shall_v be_v enclose_v with_o wall_n say_v that_o the_o people_n will_v become_v lazy_a and_o of_o little_a value_n because_o that_o they_o will_v put_v their_o chief_a trust_n in_o their_o fortress_n and_o not_o in_o their_o arm_n and_o in_o truth_n necessity_n cause_v many_o great_a matter_n to_o be_v do_v special_o if_o the_o man_n employ_v in_o this_o business_n be_v somewhat_o courageous_a as_o the_o say_a lacedaemonian_n be_v who_o be_v oftentimes_o assault_v by_o their_o neighbour_n and_o other_o of_o great_a force_n and_o notwithstanding_o they_o keep_v their_o city_n always_o against_o all_o man_n without_o make_v ditch_n or_o wall_n it_o be_v then_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o man_n that_o make_v a_o town_n principal_o strong_a and_o invincible_a whilst_o they_o have_v victual_n and_o where_o with_o all_o to_o defend_v themselves_o furthermore_o i_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o besiege_v town_n and_o place_n that_o be_v strong_a by_o nature_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o will_v counsel_v to_o besiege_v a_o town_n that_o be_v place_v so_o high_a that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v beat_v with_o ordnance_n nor_o be_v approach_v upon_o any_o side_n to_o be_v assault_v without_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o they_o within_o as_o be_v many_o castle_n upon_o rock_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v mine_v for_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o rock_n whereupon_o they_o be_v situate_v nor_o beat_v because_o of_o their_o height_n the_o town_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o morie_a country_n or_o environ_v with_o sea_n 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have_v also_o many_o town_n upon_o the_o frontier_n and_o within_o the_o realm_n which_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o above_o say_v and_o as_o there_o be_v in_o italy_n and_o france_n so_o there_o be_v in_o other_o place_n and_o there_o will_v be_v more_o ere_o it_o be_v long_o since_o every_o man_n be_v busy_v with_o rampare_v and_o make_v strong_a town_n wherefore_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o country_n from_o henceforth_o will_v be_v a_o most_o hard_a matter_n i_o mean_v who_o so_o will_v plant_v himself_o before_o every_o strong_a town_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n or_o high_a place_n near_o unto_o they_o from_o which_o a_o man_n may_v look_v into_o the_o town_n or_o beat_v some_o

king_n do_v keep_v in_o his_o service_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o what_o good_a order_n then_o may_v be_v take_v in_o this_o matter_n certain_o my_o lord_n you_o will_v answer_v i_o none_o but_o who_o will_v have_v simple_a and_o plain_a man_n so_o that_o they_o be_v the_o king_n subject_n who_o it_o be_v far_o better_a to_o take_v into_o service_n suppose_v that_o they_o be_v levy_v and_o choose_v as_o appertain_v albeit_o that_o they_o never_o have_v be_v at_o any_o service_n and_o that_o they_o do_v come_v but_o from_o hold_v of_o the_o plough_n then_o those_o that_o have_v long_o time_n exercise_v the_o occupation_n of_o arm_n although_o they_o be_v alswell_o experiment_a as_o they_o may_v be_v so_o that_o they_o be_v otherwise_o ill_o condition_v for_o that_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v simple_a and_o new_a man_n good_a soldier_n than_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o wicked_a to_o good_a way_n after_o that_o they_o be_v once_o go_v astray_o 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well_o condition_v and_o perfect_a good_a soldier_n may_v think_v himself_o happy_a special_o find_v such_o soldier_n to_o be_v in_o his_o realm_n that_o our_o enemy_n or_o neighbour_n who_o daily_a raunsack_v we_o be_v advertise_v of_o our_o valour_n shall_v make_v great_a difficulty_n to_o move_v war_n against_o the_o say_a lord_n to_o morrow_n or_o next_o day_n than_o they_o be_v accustom_v or_o to_o hold_v themselves_o at_o too_o high_a a_o price_n if_o he_o have_v need_n of_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o say_a neighbour_n know_v how_o much_o we_o do_v excel_v they_o in_o virtue_n and_o discipline_n here_o end_v the_o three_o and_o last_o book_n finis_fw-la the_o practice_n of_o fortification_n wherein_o be_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o fortify_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o situation_n with_o the_o consideration_n to_o be_v use_v in_o deline_v and_o make_v of_o royal_a frontier_n sconce_n and_o renforce_v of_o old_a wall_a town_n compile_v in_o a_o most_o easy_a and_o compendious_a method_n by_o paul_n jue_v gent._n imprint_v at_o london_n by_o thomas_n orwin_n for_o thomas_n man_n and_z toby_z cook_n 1589._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n william_n brooke_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n knight_n lord_n cobham_n lord_n warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o their_o member_n of_o her_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a counsel_n and_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n and_o unto_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n francis_n walsingham_n knight_n principal_a secretary_n to_o her_o majesty_n chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n and_o of_o her_o highness_n most_o honourable_a privy_a counsel_n the_o manifold_a benefit_n that_o i_o have_v receive_v at_o your_o honour_n hand_n since_o my_o return_n into_o england_n have_v enforce_v i_o to_o seek_v some_o mean_n whereby_o i_o may_v make_v know_v my_o thankfulness_n for_o the_o same_o and_o find_v nothing_o more_o agreeable_a unto_o your_o honourable_a care_n in_o the_o service_n of_o her_o majesty_n wherein_o i_o may_v do_v you_o more_o humble_a service_n then_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o fortification_n have_v have_v sight_n therein_o since_o the_o view_n take_v by_o the_o marquis_n vitell_a for_o the_o oppress_a of_o the_o low_a country_n with_o the_o yoke_n of_o citadel_n and_o exercise_v sithence_o don_n john_n depart_v from_o brussels_n unto_o namure_n which_o practice_n although_o it_o be_v not_o so_o common_a among_o we_o or_o of_o some_o thought_n altogether_o so_o necessary_a for_o we_o as_o for_o the_o nation_n who_o country_n do_v lie_v adjoin_v together_o where_o a_o enemy_n may_v enter_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n &_o man_n upon_o the_o sudden_a yet_o be_v the_o knowledge_n necessary_a that_o when_o the_o practice_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o the_o service_n of_o her_o majesty_n that_o perfection_n may_v be_v efected_a that_o might_n do_v her_o highness_n service_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v compile_v this_o little_a treatise_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o fortification_n which_o i_o most_o humble_o present_v unto_o your_o honour_n beseech_v you_o to_o receive_v it_o as_o a_o most_o humble_a token_n of_o the_o desire_n i_o have_v to_o do_v you_o service_n your_o honour_n most_o humble_o ready_a at_o commandment_n paul_n jue_v the_o practice_n of_o fortification_n the_o necessary_a place_n of_o a_o fort_n the_o 1._o chapter_n the_o reason_n that_o move_v man_n first_o to_o enclose_v their_o city_n and_o other_o habitation_n with_o wall_n be_v to_o be_v assure_v from_o enemy_n and_o that_o a_o small_a number_n may_v defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o violence_n and_o oppression_n of_o a_o great_a wherein_o their_o first_o practice_n extend_v no_o far_o than_o the_o preservation_n of_o private_a estate_n until_o such_o time_n as_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o not_o only_o particular_a place_n but_o also_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o a_o kingdom_n province_n or_o country_n may_v be_v defend_v by_o place_v of_o wall_a town_n castle_n and_o fortress_n upon_o the_o edge_n and_o border_n of_o the_o same_o of_o such_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o greatness_n as_o that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o may_v be_v keep_v with_o a_o few_o man_n and_o upon_o a_o surmise_n of_o war_n receive_v a_o great_a number_n by_o who_o the_o enemy_n borderer_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v anoy_v in_o his_o country_n and_o hinder_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o his_o neighbour_n so_o frontierd_a with_o any_o small_a power_n upon_o the_o sudden_a but_o bring_v any_o great_a army_n be_v constrain_v not_o to_o pass_v the_o fort_n without_o subdue_a it_o for_o avoid_v the_o great_a mischief_n he_o may_v receive_v of_o so_o noisome_a a_o enemy_n leave_v behind_o he_o which_o to_o invade_v will_v ask_v great_a charge_n time_n and_o travel_n beside_o the_o danger_n that_o may_v happen_v in_o place_v of_o which_o fortress_n two_o thing_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o necessity_n and_o the_o situation_n for_o as_o a_o fort_n not_o place_v where_o it_o be_v needful_a may_v skant_o be_v account_v for_o frontier_n so_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o place_n it_o stand_v in_o it_o may_v hardly_o be_v reckon_v for_o fortress_n so_o that_o the_o one_o must_v help_v the_o other_o to_o the_o best_a effect_n that_o may_v be_v a_o fort_n therefore_o that_o shall_v serve_v for_o a_o frontier_n must_v be_v set_v near_o the_o wall_a town_n castle_n and_o frontier_n of_o the_o enemy_n borderer_n or_o near_o other_o place_n where_o a_o enemy_n may_v make_v any_o sudden_a assembly_n of_o people_n in_o his_o country_n have_v the_o way_n from_o thence_o commodious_a to_o enter_v upon_o the_o land_n of_o his_o neighbour_n and_o the_o retreat_n good_a and_o upon_o the_o seacoa_v

that_o the_o fill_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o far_o fetch_v of_o the_o earth_n to_o raise_v the_o work_n will_v require_v and_o be_v so_o place_v they_o be_v term_v to_o be_v ravelin_n of_o the_o italians_n &_o frenchman_n and_o of_o we_o they_o have_v be_v term_v spur_n of_o bulwark_n there_o be_v sufficient_o before_o speak_v but_o yet_o here_o note_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v these_o bulwark_n in_o town_n so_o great_a as_o those_o in_o royal_a frontier_n commit_v the_o charge_n of_o they_o unto_o townsman_n except_o the_o same_o be_v well_o people_v city_n neither_o be_v it_o good_a to_o bestow_v too_o great_a cost_n upon_o the_o fortify_v of_o any_o evil_n situate_v place_n for_o such_o thing_n be_v easy_a for_o a_o enemy_n to_o get_v and_o hard_o afterward_o to_o be_v get_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n but_o for_o the_o delyne_a of_o a_o ravelin_v if_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v place_v against_o the_o side_n of_o a_o town_n take_v this_o course_n be_v upon_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o raveline_n shall_v stand_v go_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o wall_n and_o counterscarpe_a some_o 140._o or_o 160._o foot_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o great_a have_v respect_n unto_o the_o necessity_n and_o unto_o the_o valour_n and_o number_n of_o the_o defender_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n or_o may_v be_v have_v upon_o a_o sudden_a and_o set_v down_o a_o stake_n for_o the_o exterior_a angle_n or_o point_n of_o the_o raveline_n then_o turn_v towards_o the_o wall_n behold_v from_o what_o place_n the_o same_o raveline_n may_v best_o be_v defend_v which_o must_v be_v by_o cavelier_n or_o platform_n raise_v within_o the_o wall_n except_o the_o wall_n and_o rampire_n be_v of_o sufficient_a breadth_n to_o place_n artillery_n upon_o which_o must_v not_o stand_v far_o distant_a from_o the_o exterior_a angle_n or_o point_n of_o the_o ravelin_n than_o 180._o pace_n at_o the_o uttermost_a &_o from_o those_o platform_n or_o cavalier_n unto_o the_o same_o exterior_a angle_n draw_v two_o right_a line_n for_o the_o front_n of_o the_o raveline_n which_o front_n may_v not_o be_v continue_v upon_o those_o line_n unto_o the_o counterscarpe_a because_o the_o extreme_n of_o they_o next_o the_o counterscarpe_n will_v fall_v out_o too_o weak_a &_o indefencible_a but_o must_v be_v cut_v off_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o counterscarpe_a or_o wall_n at_o some_o reasonable_a breadth_n leave_v both_o end_n of_o the_o ravelin_n as_o the_o flank_n or_o cullion_n of_o a_o bulwark_n and_o it_o must_v lie_v whole_o open_a towards_o the_o town_n that_o the_o town_n may_v command_v and_o domain_v over_o it_o and_o that_o a_o enemy_n enter_v may_v have_v no_o succour_n in_o it_o to_o assure_v himself_o from_o the_o artillery_n and_o harquebuserie_n of_o the_o town_n and_o it_o must_v be_v man_v by_o a_o bridge_n which_o must_v be_v lay_v as_o low_a and_o cover_v as_o possible_o it_o may_v but_o if_o the_o ditch_n be_v dry_a then_o make_v the_o way_n into_o it_o through_o a_o vault_n under_o the_o ground_n or_o through_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o shut_v in_o both_o the_o side_n or_o flank_n of_o the_o raveline_n unto_o the_o wall_n with_o a_o strong_a palizado_fw-mi to_o assure_v it_o from_o surprice_n and_o when_o a_o raveline_n be_v to_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o angle_n then_o proceed_v as_o in_o the_o delyne_a of_o a_o bulwark_n but_o never_o place_v a_o ravelin_n upon_o a_o sharp_a or_o right_a angle_n because_o it_o will_v fall_v out_o too_o sharp_a but_o within_o the_o right_n or_o sharp_a angle_n place_v a_o platform_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o ravelin_n upon_o the_o line_n on_o either_o side_n of_o it_o and_o note_v also_o that_o you_o may_v not_o upon_o any_o other_o angle_n take_v the_o flank_n of_o a_o ravelin_n so_o royal_a and_o large_a as_o you_o will_v the_o flank_n and_o shoulder_n of_o a_o bulwark_n because_o of_o it_o disjoin_v stand_v from_o the_o wall_n which_o cause_v sharpness_n the_o cavalier_n or_o platform_n must_v be_v place_v where_o they_o may_v best_o defend_v the_o thing_n for_o who_o cause_n they_o be_v make_v on_o most_o part_n offend_v a_o enemy_n with_o choice_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v of_o the_o high_a ground_n to_o ease_v the_o labour_n and_o charge_n and_o they_o may_v be_v of_o earth_n only_o with_o dung_n rubbish_n and_o such_o like_a as_o the_o place_n yield_v but_o must_v be_v begin_v so_o broad_a as_o that_o be_v raise_v to_o their_o full_a height_n you_o may_v have_v scope_n enough_o to_o use_v five_o or_o six_o piece_n of_o artillery_n upon_o they_o or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v needful_a and_o also_o have_v sufficient_a breadth_n to_o defend_v the_o same_o with_o a_o large_a parapet_n gabions_z or_o such_o like_a and_o place_v they_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o wall_n that_o they_o charge_v not_o the_o wall_n and_o that_o be_v beat_v they_o may_v the_o easy_o be_v re-edify_v if_o the_o wall_n be_v so_o high_a that_o to_o rampire_n it_o to_o the_o height_n it_o be_v at_o it_o will_v ask_v too_o great_a a_o labour_n and_o charge_n then_o rebate_v it_o or_o take_v it_o down_o low_o especial_o if_o there_o be_v no_o high_a ground_n without_o the_o town_n opposite_a unto_o it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o shall_v be_v lay_v against_o it_o then_o to_o stay_v the_o wall_n from_o slide_v lay_v earth_n without_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o make_v the_o ditch_n deep_o and_o large_a if_o need_n require_v as_o in_o the_o figure_n follow_v be_v see_v to_o help_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o gate_n place_v a_o raveline_n before_o they_o foresee_v with_o one_o defence_n to_o serve_v two_o turn_n but_o if_o any_o gate_n stand_v indefencible_a as_o in_o a_o angle_n damn_n it_o up_o and_o make_v a_o new_a in_o the_o curtain_n where_o the_o water_n may_v be_v draw_v away_o there_o make_v a_o strong_a and_o sufficient_a damn_n of_o stone_n place_v a_o palizado_n before_o it_o provide_v always_o to_o have_v some_o royal_a defence_n near_o unto_o it_o that_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v impeach_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o approach_v it_o which_o palizado_n must_v be_v of_o young_a tree_n that_o will_v yield_v five_o or_o six_o inch_n of_o square_a timber_n set_v fast_o in_o the_o ground_n and_o bind_v together_o the_o one_o stand_v three_o inch_n distant_a from_o the_o other_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v hide_v behind_o it_o from_o the_o harquebusserie_n of_o the_o fort_n and_o also_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v flank_v from_o the_o say_v fort._n likewise_o any_o courtine_n or_o bulwark_n stand_v near_o unto_o any_o damn_n seabanke_n or_o other_o such_o like_a whereby_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o approach_v abord_v and_o surprise_v must_v have_v a_o palizado_n place_v at_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o parapet_n raise_v upon_o the_o say_a courtine_n or_o bulwark_n of_o spar_v or_o such_o like_a which_o palizado_n may_v be_v 14._o or_o 15._o foot_n high_a or_o more_o or_o less_o where_o a_o river_n of_o slow_a course_n have_v passage_n through_o a_o town_n who_o water_n side_n or_o key_n be_v unwall_v there_o place_n in_o the_o river_n betwixt_o two_o forceable_a flank_n a_o stackado_n of_o great_a pile_n to_o keep_v a_o enemy_n out_o leave_v certain_a place_n open_a for_o passage_n which_o upon_o the_o sudden_a at_o every_o need_n may_v be_v shut_v but_o where_o the_o water_n run_v strong_a and_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n great_a or_o the_o depth_n such_o that_o a_o stackado_n will_v little_o avail_v the_o defence_n and_o hinder_v the_o town_n of_o his_o commodity_n there_o only_o upon_o necessity_n when_o a_o enemy_n be_v look_v for_o especial_o if_o he_o may_v either_o bring_v with_o he_o or_o find_v where_o he_o come_v to_o serve_v his_o turn_n make_v a_o bridge_n of_o hoy_n lighter_n or_o such_o like_a forcible_o moar_v they_o stretch_v cable_n from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o place_v the_o bridge_n where_o it_o may_v be_v royal_o flank_v well_o arm_v it_o with_o man_n and_o artillery_n of_o all_o which_o in_o the_o figure_n follow_v be_v sufficient_a demonstration_n a._n ravelin_n b._n cavalier_n or_o plat._n form_n c._n bulwark_n with_o palizado_n upon_o their_o parapet_n d._n stacados_n e._n dam_n with_o palizado_n before_o they_o f._n a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n when_o as_o any_o open_a town_n or_o other_o inhabit_v place_n be_v to_o be_v fortify_v whether_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o royal_a frontier_n or_o to_o be_v mean_o defend_v against_o sudden_a course_n and_o surprise_v the_o fortifier_n or_o engineer_n must_v do_v his_o endeavour_n to_o reduce_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o perfect_a form_n that_o the_o place_n will_v permit_v remember_v the_o consideration_n allege_v before_o in_o the_o delineation_n of_o a_o fort_n but_o where_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o the_o say_a place_n shall_v be_v but_o of_o mean_a strength_n only_o to_o withstand_v the_o course_n of_o a_o small_a number_n and_o not_o to_o resist_v a_o puissant_a army_n nor_o that_o it_o shall_v have_v any_o garrison_n in_o it_o but_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o curtain_n must_v not_o be_v make_v nothing_o so_o long_o nor_o the_o bulwark_n so_o great_a as_o in_o frontier_n and_o the_o say_a fort_n must_v be_v contrive_v to_o be_v defend_v from_o as_o few_o place_n as_o it_o may_v be_v and_o to_o bring_v it_o unto_o this_o perfection_n he_o must_v neither_o spare_v house_n garden_n orchard_n backside_n key_n or_o other_o thing_n that_o shall_v stand_v in_o the_o way_n where_o the_o rampire_n shall_v be_v raise_v or_o the_o ditch_n make_v but_o respect_v the_o commodity_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o fort_n before_o any_o private_a commodity_n and_o yet_o rather_o spare_v the_o poor_a for_o pity_v sake_n than_o the_o rich_a for_o reward_n have_v above_o all_o thing_n a_o regard_n unto_o his_o charge_n that_o this_o partiality_n do_v not_o cause_v the_o work_n to_o be_v imperfect_a for_o that_o these_o three_o to_o weet_v ignorance_n negligence_n and_o partiality_n in_o this_o business_n be_v thing_n to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n finis_fw-la errata_fw-la in_o the_o book_n of_o fortification_n for_o g.m._n read_v g.n._n fol._n 12._o for_o at_o the_o line_n signify_v by_o the_o prick_v read_v at_o the_o line_n within_o the_o parapet_n fol._n 25._o