to Strong-waters and a Drink called Beza giving themselves up to a Gluttony as Brutish as that which is Natural unto Swine having no Use of Sauces to provoke their Appetite but rest delighted with the meer contentment of Idleness and a full Stomack I shall only add this account of Tartary by Massellini an Italian Physician to the Grand Vizier I for my part found Tartary a very pleasant Country plentiful of all Provisions and the people much more courteous and obliging to strangers and Christians than the Turks are That as to their Morals few Nations less vicious being extreamly severe and faithful having no Thieves or false Witnesses amongst them little injustice or violence and live together in union and peace And that the captive Tartars in Poland are very faithful and just in whatsoever they promise or are entrusted with Of MOLDAVIA TRANSILVANIA MOLDAVIA VALACHIA BVLGARIA c by Robt. Morden MOLDAVIA has sometimes been called Great Walachia and Walachia on this side the Mountains It is very Rich in Honey and Wax for which the Tenths of the Prince amount Yearly to above 200000 Crowns You shall meet with several Heaps of Stones which they report to have been cast up by Darius King of Persia when he made War against the Scythians The Capital Cities thereof are Jassi or Jassum the chief Town for Wealth and Trade 2. Soczova Soczow Suchzow was the Sucidava of Ptol. Ant. the Vaivod's Seat. 3. Chotezin Arcobadara Baud. a place of great strength near the Niester and the Ordinary Magazine of the Country the place where the Poles were Defeated under King Sigismund Augustus and where King John Sobieski a little before his Election won the most memorable Victory in our Age. The Eastern part called Bessarabia lies upon the Black Sea and belongs to the Grand Signior who is Master of the Mouth of the Danow and Niester and who uses all ways imaginable to Subdue the Rich Provinces of the Vkraine It s chief places are Bialogrod Bialogred Moldavis Beligrad Turcis a strong Town near the Mouth of the River Kilia is the Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. teste Laz. But Laonicus tells us that Callatia is now called Calliacra And Niger saith 't is called Pandalla on the Euxine Sea. Ackerman Turcis Moncastro Incol is the Hermonassa Plin. Mel. the Hermonactus Ptol. teste Nigro Nester Alba. Turcis teste Leuncl Moncastro is the Tyras of Ptol. teste Herbersti Zothezavia Nigro a strong place on the same Coast The Plain of Budziack 12 Leagues long and half as broad is possessed by the Dobruce Tartars who are the greatest Robbers in those parts They are about 15000 and lye about Bialigrod Of WALACHIA WALACHIA which lies to the South-East of Transylvania and extends along the Danaw was called Walachia Transalpina to distinguish it from Moldavia It is watered by a great many Rivers Some of the Mountains are enriched with Mines of Gold And for the Horses they are the best in Europe The Prince who is sometimes called Hospodar and sometimes Waywode that is to say Chief of the Troops Resides at Terwisch Incol Tervis Gal. Targovisco Ital. Tergowisch Germ. Tergovistus or Tergoviscum Lat. Auth. Olim Tiviscum Ptol. Taros Turo teste Lazio And pays to the Grand Signior 26000 Liures Annual Tribute It s other places are Brailano the Piroboridava of Ptol. teste Nigro the Town of most Trade Situate on the Danaw memorable for the Destruction and Slaughter made by John the Vaivod of Moldavia Zorza with its strong Castle taken by Sigismund Anno 1596. Bucaresta is Remarkable for two Bridges the one of Boats laid by Sinan Bassa the other of Stone the Work of the Emperor Trajan Of TRANSYLVANIA TRANSYLVANIA Erdeli Hung. Siedm-grodzka Ziemea Sclavis is so called as being Seated beyond the Woods or rather Mountains that separate it from Hungary The Germans call it Sieben burghen by reason of the Seven Cities which the Saxons Built there viz. Hermanstat Cronstat Nosenstat Medwich Schiesburg Clausenburg and Weissenburg The People of this Country are of two sorts Cicules or Zeklers Saxons or Hungarians The Zeklers are said to come out of Tartary or are rather the remains of the Hunns who quitted their Names that they might not be Odious to their Neighbours They are settled chiefly in the Northern part at Orbay at Kisdi at Czick at Girgio at Marous at Arania and Sepsi Their Capital City is Newmark The Saxons or Hungarians are Originally Descended from the Germans and call themselves the Nobles of the Country Hermanstadt Ger. Czeben Zeben Hung. the Cibinium Hermannopolis of the Ancients yielded by the Turks 1659 after much Slaughter and a stout Resistance is the Residence of the Prince a strong City well Fortified both by Art and Nature Waradin or Wardeyn has been extraordinarily Fortified by the Turks who have there made a Magazine of Arms ever since the Year 1660. Cronstat Kronstat Germ. Brassow vel Brassowa Hung. Brassaw Incolis the Patrovissa of Ptol. Stephanopolis Corona Praetoria Augusta Vet. is Remarkable for a fair Library and a kind of Academy and the most Noted Empory of the Country Nosenstadt Germ. Bistritia Bestercze Hung. the Nemidava Vet. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Old Manuscripts is a pleasant and sweet Town Clausenburg Germ. Koloswar Hung. Claudiapolis Vet. Zeugma Ptol. aliis Besieged by the Turks Defended by D. Retani and Relieved by Scheniden with 6000 Men 1661. But Lazius tells us that Zeugma is the Zazsebes Hung. or the Mulenbach Ger. three Leagues distant from Clausenburg towards the South seated in a pleasant Plain beautified with handsome Buildings and is the Court of their Judicature Wassemburg Germ. Gyula-Feieruar Hung. Albajulia or Alba-Giulia the Apulum of Ptol. was the Ordinary Residence of the Prince or Vayvod of Transylvania Varhel Incolis Gradisch Selavo Veczol Venecz teste Lazio is the Zarmigethusa or Zarmisogethusa of Ptol. Vlpia Trajana Vet. Megies or Medgis Hung. Megeswar Medwisch Germ. the Pirum of Ptol. Mediesus Lat. Segeswar Incol Schiesburg Ger. Sciburgium is the Sandava of Ptol. teste Lazio Janova Besieged by the Grand Vizier 1658 and taken The Country Naturally abounds with Wine Corn Fruit and Cattel The People are much of the same Nature with the Hungarians to whom they have been for a long time subject but are somewhat more stubborn and untractable and speaking the same Language with some difference in the Dialect only One of the Principal Revenues of Transylvania consists in Salt which is chiefly made at Torda from whence they send it into Hungary by the River Marish There are also Mines of Gold and Silver and sometimes great pieces of pure Gold are found in the Rivers that weigh half a pound So that the Hungarians when they possessed Transylvania called it their Treasury There are several sorts of Religions in Transylvania for Catholicks Lutherans and Calvinists had the free Exercise of their Religion there ever since the beginning
it the Garden of Holland as well for the cleanness of their Streets as the beauty of their Houses It is also famous for its Antiquity for its Library and the Excellent Edition of Books there Printed as also for the entire Defeat of the Spanish Army In this City was born that Taylor who to his ruin was made King of the Anabaptists in Munster Goude Gouda has this Advantage to be Situated among Springs and where the Inhabitants enjoy the purest Air in all Holland Rotterdam Roterodamum the place where Erasmus was Born is the best of the twelve Cities which they call small ones by reason of its great Trade upon the Meuse The Hague Haga Comitis St. Gravenhage la Hage which is the Residence of the States General is not a Burrough-Town but a Village the best Built and as delightful a place as most in the World. The Texel Texelia is a Port to the North. Famous for its Harbour The Brill Briela has the same Advantage towards the South in the Island of Voorn the rest of the Coast is all Sands with some small Shelter for Fisher-boats with the Islands Over-flac and Gorre There is also the rich and daily Butter and Cheese-Market Gorkum Gorichemum on the Wale a strong place and one of the Keys of Holland The fair and commodious Haven Schonhoven Schonhovia The strong and rich Goude Gouda Oudwater c. Elstein on the Yssel or Fossa Drusiana al. Itala with their Cables Cordage and other Trade The Butter and Cheese-Town Alkmear in the Marches Memorable for the defeat the Inhabitants gave Tâ— Alva meerly because he gave them no way to escape Important Enchusen or the Zuder Sea good and Rich Havens Horn and Edam Famous for Ships and Cheese and the Sea Nymph that learned to spin Zeland Zelandia is the Province which was first set at Liberty and last consented to the Peace with Spain At this day it contains the greatest part of the Prince of Oranges Possession That of Vacheren Walachria in the Map contains ten Dutch miles in compass is the fairest of all in the Low-Countries with the City of Middleburgh the Capital City of the Province and the Staple for Wines a strâ—â—â— and large Empory Flushing Flissinga the Key of the Netherlands is 〈◊〉 a good Harbour Once an English Garison and a Cautionary Town where the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney was the first Governour and died in that Service The strong Sea-Town Vere Veria having many Staples for Herring and other Commodities Famous for the most Noble and Illustrious Family of the Veres now Earls of Oxford The second Island is Schouwen Scaldia in the Map 2. containing six miles in Circuit its chief Town is Zerick-Zee noted for Madder and Salt and Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen here was first invented the marting of Herrings The third is Zuiit-Bevetland in the Map 3 whose only Town of note is Goes The fourth is Duueland or Duyueland named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no Town of Note but is memorable for the bold passage of the Spaniards under Mondragon cross the Sea in the year 1575. and for that in the year 1520. it was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters Tolen is an Island so called from a Town of that Name divided from Brabrant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more ancient Inhabitants of these Islands were the Mattiaci of Tacitus They contain in all 8 Walled Towns and about 100 Villages The Country is low flat and Marshy rich in Corn and Pasturage unhealthful and subject to Inundations being kept in and defended from the Sea by Banks The Bishoprick or Lordship of Vtretcht Vtricesium Amm. was first occasioned by one Willebrod an English man the Apostle of those parts and first Bishop hereof about the year 611. during the Regency of Pepin the Fat. The Successors of this Willibrod by the Liberality of the French Kings and German Emperors attained unto as well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurisdiction together with that of Overyssel unto Charles the Fifth by the consent of Henry Count Palatine then Bishop seized upon the whole Temporal Dominion hereof leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates which also since by the Usurpation of the States hath likewise been taken from them It has a Capital City of the same Name Inhabitd for the most part by the Nobility of the Country first called Inferius Trajectum or Vltrajectum Vtricesium Amm. There is also the Thorow-fare Rhenen the fair and strong Amersfort the Frontier-Town Montfort Wick de Duerstede the Batavodurum of Tac. Ptol. They reckon about Vtrecht 56 Cities to the farthest whereof you may go by Water from Vtrecht in one day Guelders Gueldria Guelders was first founded by two Brothers Wickard and Luppola first made Guardians of the Country by the Inhabitants in the reign of the Emperor Charles the Bald. It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third made a Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria After the decease of Charles of Egmond the last Duke by composition between him and Charles the Fifth Emperor this Province with the Earldom of Zutphen united for a long time in the House of the Dukes of Gelderland descended upon the Emperor Charles the Fifth and added by him to his other Provinces of the Netherlands under Philip the Second the greatest part shoke off the Spanish yoak and now with Zutphen Governed in manner of a Free Estate confederated with the rest of the United Provinces a third part of Golderland excepted where stands the Towns of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Stralo and Grol remaining yet subject to the Arch-Dutchess or Spaniards who in the year 1627. attempted in vain to bring the Rhine to the City of Gueldria and into the Meuse to deprive the Vnited Provinces of the Trade of Germany Nimmegen Noviomagus al. Neomagus the Capital City of the Dutchy of Gueldria Founded by Magus King of the Gauls taken by Prince Maurice in the year 1592. Opposite to it is that Fort Knotsenburg large Built by the States in the Quarter of Batavia where the Ancient Batavians Inhabited Arnheim Arenacum in the Veluwe the third Capital City of Guelders and the Ordinary Residence of the Dukes thereof The Town and Country of Culemberg The strong and Martial Venlo Venloa The Natural and Artificial Fortified Ruremond Ruremunda The strong and encompassed Frontier Bommel Bommelia the Fort Voorn and Crevecour making it Impregnable The Province of Zutphen bears the same Name with the Capital City and passes sometimes for a fourth part of the Dutchy of Gelders having no Voice in the Assembly of the States-General but only conjoyned with this Dutchy In the Siege of which was slain that Honour of Chivalry and Mirrour of Learning Sir Philip Sidney In this Province also stands Groll Grolla and eight or nine small Cities more In Over-Issel Trans Issallania so called from its Situation beyond the Issel where the Rhine and that share their Streams together by means
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâ—sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâ—urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
Gods for its excellent Ships and Archers for the Bull that ravished Europa for the Amours of Pasiphae and Ariadne for the cruelty of the Minotaur for the Government of Saturn for the habitation and Sepulchre of Jupiter for the Laws of Minos and Rhadamanthus for the Labyrinth of Daedalus and many other things the Inhabitants boast of but there is no belief of men that were always accounted Lyers as Tit. 1.12 out of Epimenides Anciently it had an 100 Cities 40 remaining in the time of Ptolomy 1. Gnossus now Cinosus 2. Cydon now Canea Mater Orbium hence Poma Cydonia now Adam's Apples 3. Eleuthera or Erythraea 4. Miletum named 2 Tim. 4.20 with Act. 27.7 8 c. and 21.17 5. Gortyna hence Spicula Gortynia their best Arrows 6. Dictamnum 7. Ampelus 8. Minoa now Allemara The chief Mountains are 1. Ida the highest in the Island now called Psiloriti from the top whereof may be discerned both Seas 2. Dicte now Sethia and Lasthi 3. Leuci a long Chain of Hills called of late di Madara la Spachia and la Sfacioles The Rivers are none of them Navigable but the defect is supplied with good Harbours and Bays The Mullet Scarus was a great Roman delicacy Its Commodities are Muscadel Wine Sugar Sugar-Candy Honey Wax Gum Olives Dates Raisins but little Corn. This Island was first Governed by Saturn then by Jupiter who was Interred at Gnossos then succeeded Minos his Son begotten on Europa after that the Island was Governed by a Republick and in the time of Pompey the Great it was subdued by the Romans then the Emperors of Constantinople were Masters of it after it was given to Boniface M. of Montferrat who parted with it to the Venetians Anno Dom. 1204. But the Turks in the year 1669. after a War of 24 years quite expelled the Venetians and so became Masters of it This Island is now divided into four Territories which bear the Name of so many Principal Cities viz. Candia Canea Retimo and Sittia The Principal Fortresses are Grabates Suda and Spinalonga held by the Venetians Candia the Capital City so strong by Art and Nature that it was the Bulwark of Christendom and maintained it self against many long and desperate Sieges of the Turks before it surrendered to them Other Islands are 2. Claude Act. 27.16 now Gozo 3. Dia now Standia 4. Letoa now Christina 5. Aegilia now Cecerigo Crete has one Archbishop and eight Bishops The Ionian Islands 1. Zant anciently Zacynthus in North Lat. 36 degr 30. min. The Town is stretched along the shore and is very populous according as the rest of the Island that has 50 Towns and Villages some Springs it is infested with frequent Earthquakes The Greek Church is here and as in other places under the Venetian much Latinized in their Doctrine though they hate the Church of Rome The Latines have here a Bishop and divers Churches and Convents The English have a Factory but no Priest as in other places and they seem to the Natives to live without Religion to die without hope as they are buried without decency to the disgrace of our Reformed Church and the great scandal of them that are without Here is plenty of Currans Wine Oyl Mellons and other good Fruits 2. Straphades 2 Isles 50 miles South of Zant here live many Greek Monks well fortified 3. Cephalonia formerly Samos Melaena and Teleboe 't is 120 miles in Circuit the greatest Isle in Vlysses Kingdom Argostoli a large Port every way Land-lockt the Residence of the Venetian Proveditor the chief Town is Cefalona it affordeth abundance of Currans Wine Oyl c. 4. Thiaki four or five miles over against Port Pescarda it affords abundance of Currans 5. Ithaca formerly Dalichium now Val de Compare the Birth-place of Vlysses now without Inhabitants yet it has good Currans 6. Echinades five Scoglio's now called Curzolari at the mouth of the River Achelous near these were fought the Battels of Actium and Lepanto 7. St. Mauro by the Greeks Leucas Leucada and Nerilos 't is separated from Acarnania by a Streight of five Paces over and three or four foot deep in water the Castle is strong called St. Mauro Delivered up to General Morosini July 1684. The Port is good and named Chimeno and the Island Leucas 't is inhabited with Turks and Greeks most are Pyrats 't is thirty or forty miles in Compass and fruitful in Corn Pasture Oranges c. 8. Corfu formerly Corcyra an 180 miles in Compass but for a Rock West the Town would be almost impregnable in the Castle East resides the Venetian General by Sea and Land to whom the other Islands appeal The Ruined Towns are Cassiopia now Cassopo 2. Chersopolis now Palaeopoli here are also the Gardens of Alcinous c. The Inhabitants are very revengeful here is plenty of Wine Oyl and Fruits but little Corn. The Greeks have here a Proto-pappa subject to the Bishop of Cephalonia but the Latins have a Bishop Thus much for the Graecian Islands in the Aegaean Cretan and Ionian Seas The present State of the Countries Forts and other Places which belong to the Europeans in the West and East-Indies THERE were at first but two Nations in Europe that Successfully undertook long Voyages by Sea or who sent Colonies into Distant Climates The Spaniards toward the West and the Portugals into the East These also obtained from Pope Alexander the Sixth a Donation of all Lands undiscovered but the other Europeans were not satisfied at the Pope's Liberality for the English Dutch and French would also have their share since which time there have been several Changes in those Countries that Rigor which the Portugal and Spaniard used to exclude all other Nations serving only to destroy themselves The French have first in Canada Montreal the Three Rivers Quebec Tadousac and other Places upon the great River of St. Lawrence and upon Sufferance or Incroachment they pretend to that which we call Nova Scotia the Island of Cape Bretan In New-found-Land they have Bay Plaisance and Bay Blanco 2. Among the Islands called Antilles part of St. Christophers St. Bartholomews Santa Cruez St. Martins Guadaloupe La Desirée Maria Galante Les Saintes Martinique St. Aloisia Grenada and the Grenadins La Tortue and several Colonies in the Western part of the Spanish Island otherwise call'd Sancto Domingo 3. Upon the Southern Continent of America upon the Coast of Guyana the Island of Cayene where stands the Fort St. Michael de Ceperoux now call'd Fort St. Louis The Islands of Corou Coonama Comoribo c. 4. The Trade of the Coast of Africa upon the Rivers of Senega where they have a Fort Also upon the River of Gambia at Rufisque near Cape Vert at great Sestre at Ardra and many other places in Guinie 5. Fort Dauphin and many other Fortresses in the Island of Madagascar call'd by them the Dauphin Island The Islands of St. Marie Bourbon and Diego Rois The Bereaux new Suratt and other Places in the Mogull's
though others pretend Bacchus to be the Founder of it and that from hence Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shynaâ— which lies between the Rivers of Iaxartes now Chesel and Oxus a Country of different soil and indifferent fertile but much augmented by the Industry of the Inhabitants who are the most ingenious of the Western Tartars lovers of Art and well skill'd in Manufactures and Trade The City of Sarmarchand the Marcanda of Ptol. Paracanda Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamerlan the Great who adorned it with an Academy as is also Bochar Bactria of old Bactra before that Zoroastes and Zoroaspa probably from Zoroaster their first King slain by Ninus A Town of great Trade where lived Avicen one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of the East there are also Balch and Badaschian on the Frontiers of Chorozan Sogdiana was a province subject to the Persians Here Cyrus built the old Cyroscata or Cyropolis which held out a long time and was almost fatal to the great Macedonian Conqueror but by him destroyed in revenge of so great a danger Not far from which that Infamous Regicide Bessus after his perfidious dealing with his Prince was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander who abhorring his sight ordered he should be delivered to Oxates the brother of Darius to be disposed of as he should think fit Here also was Alexandria Oxiana and Alexandria Ultima Tarquestan lies east from Usbeck and is subdivided into several Kingdoms of which the best known are Cascar or Hiachan Chialis or Turphan Chiartiam Cotam Thebet or Tenduc and Camul That of Cascar is the richest and is well stored with Rhubarbe That of Ciarthtam is the least and sandy but hath many Jaspers and other Stones Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn Wine Flax and Hemp. Thebet or Tanguth is stored with Musk and Cinamon whose Kings were formerly called Un-Chan or Prester John a Title now erroneously conferred on the Abassine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa for Presbyter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut or Tanguth which the Tartars call Barantola the Sarazins Boratai and the Natives Lassa which is by the consent of all knowing persons seated in Asia next to the confines of the great Mogul amongst the Mountains of Caucasus and Imaus It was in the year 1248 when King Lewis was in the Island of Cyprus at Nicosia that Ambassadors from one of the Tartarian Princes whose Name was Ercalthay informed the King that the Great Cham of Tartary had about three years before been baptized having been converted by the Empress his Mother and Daughter of a King of the Indians She having always been a Christan and that their Master Prince Ercalthay who had also for a long time been a Christian was sent by the Great Cham with a potent Army against the Calife of Baldac an Enemy of the Christians The Name of Presbyter John denoteth some Christian Prince whose Dominions are placed by the consent of most knowing Persons not among the Ethiopians nor in any part of Africa as most suppose but in the Continent of Asia but in what part formerly 't was is not exactly known Some Authors say they were Kings of Cathay which is doubtful because 't is now discouered by modern Relations and Travels into those parts that all Cathy is but the Northern part of China But it is more than probable that besides that portion of Land there is another large part of the World conterminate on the north and west unto the Empire of China which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay and is the same with that of Thebet by some called Begargar c. as aforesaid which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor who tell us that at Weâ—ala a Castle at the end of Barentola the Great Lama or Priest did then reside and gave an account of their Christian Religion And to me it seems further confirmed by a Journy made into the Western Tartary Anno 1683. By the Emperor of China we have this account of those People In all the Western Tartary there is nothing to be found but Mountains Rocks and Vallies there are neither Cities Towns or Villages nor Houses The Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields which they remove from one Valley to another according as they find pasture They pass their Life either in Hunting or doing nothing As they neither Plow nor Sow so they make no Harvest They live upon Milk Cheese and Flesh and have a sort of Wine not much unlike our Aqua-Vitae with which they are often drunk In short they care for nothing from morning to night but to drink and eat like the Beasts and Dâ—oves which they feed They are not without their Priests which they call Lamas for whom they have a singular veneration in which they differ from the Oriental Tartars the most part of whom have no Religion nor do they believe any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300 Miles of which Wall saith our Author I can say without Hyperbolizing that the Seven Wonders of the World put together are not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has spread concerning it among the Europeans is far short of what I myself have 〈◊〉 He also tells us that divers of the Petty Kings of the Western Tartary came from all sides for 300 Miles and some for 500 Miles together with their Wives and Children to salute the Emperor That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces and now tributary to the Emperor of China 〈…〉 which all Authors conâ—ound with a nonsuch Cathay 〈◊〉 divided into several parts of which I am able to say nothing in the way of Chorography nor much in History only I find that the King of Niulhan or Niuche called Xunchi conquered China at twelve years of Age with the Faithful assistance of his two Uncles a young Conqueror not only famous for his Success but also for the Moderation which he used to his newly subdued People And 't is certain that these Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the wall of China therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part of China and Cambalu is Pekin and Quinzey answers to Hancheu The Northen Tartarie which is called the true ancient Tartarie is the coldest most untilled most barbarous and most unknown of all Some amongst them have their Kings others live by Hords or Commonalities As for their Names 't is easie to give what names Men please in parts wholly unknown But in the year 1682 the Emperor of China made a Voyage into the Eastern Tartary In this Journy saith the Father Verbiest who was the publisher of it we always went towards the North East from Pekin in all 1100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum the way being about 300 miles the Capital City whereof is Xin-Yam in the Latitude of 41 Degrees 56 Minutes a
1200 from Goloonda And that the greatest Raja on that side Ganges is of Velour whose Territories extend to Cape Cormorin and who succeeded to some part of the Estate of the Raja of Narsingue but in regard there is no Trade in his Country he is but little known to Strangers Thevenot tells us That the Usurpers were but three viz. of Viziapor of Bisnagar or Carnates formerly called Narsinga and Golconda Thus these Kings clashing together the Kings of Viziapor and Golconda warred upon the King of Bisuagar and seized upon several of his Towns so that he was constrained to flie into the Mountains and that his chief Town was Velour The Winter begins at Golconda in June with Rain and Thunder the Air was little cold at Night and in the Morning and in February the great Heats begin Vines are plentiful there and the Grapes are ripe in January They have two Crops a Year of Rice and many other Grains Some Relations make mention of the Naiques of Madure the Helura Ptol. Mundiris Arriano Modusa Plin. Tanaior and Gingi the Orthura Ptol. teste Baud. Orissa Castal of the Kingdom of Messur next to that of Madure but give us little of Remarque with Certainty Of the Peninsula Beyond GANGES A New Map of INDIA Beyond GANGES By R Morden THis Country in the elder Times was so Renowned for Wealth that one Tract of it had the Name of the Silver Region the other of the Golden Chersenese yet in truth the Country itself was but little known in the Times of the Ancients or the Interior part of it to us in these days Our latest Discoveries tell us 't is dismembred and subdivided into almost as many Kingdoms and Estates as Cities and Towns and into as many distinct Governments as there are Tribes and Nations amongst them the chief Cities of which are Pegu Triglipton or Trigliphon of Ptol. by Castal which was very considerable when it comprehended two Empires and 26 Kingdoms and then it was that Gold Silver Pearls and precious Stones were as common in the Court of Pegu as if the whole Orient had brought all its Riches thither But what its Revenues what its Government what its Forces and Riches now are I do not certainly find On the North of Pegu near Bengala is the City and Kingdom of Arachan now said to be subject to the Great Mogul Siriangh or Sirejang is a strong Fort on the mouth of the River given to the Portugals by the King of Arachan who at last were forced to yield it to the King of Ana by whom the Governor was cruelly Tortured on a Spit Sandiva is an Island about 30 Leagues in compass very fruitful once subdued by the Portugals but taken from them by the King of Arachan Anno 1608. 2. Siam of which our last Relation tells us That 't is a Country plentiful in Rice and Fruits The Forests of large Bamboo's are full of Rhinocero's Elephants Tygers Harts Apes and Serpents with two Heads but one has no motion The Rivers are very large and overflow the Banks when the Sun is in the Southern Tropick The Capital City is Siam the Sobanus or Cortacha of Ptol. about 3. Leagues in Circuit and walled the River running quite round it and in the Year 1665. fortified with very good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jesuit whose Port Town is Bancock six Leagues from the Sea. The Natives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords they have a great many Priests called Bonzes very ignorant yet greatly reverenced they hold the Transmigration of Souls into several Bodies and say That the God of the Christians and theirs were Brothers They have 33 Letters in their Alphabet and write from the Left to the Right contrary to the Custom of other Indians Their King is one of the richest Monarchs of the East and styles himself King of Heaven and Earth though Tributary to the Tartars as Conquerors of China He never shews himself in Publick above twice a Year but then in an extraordinary Magnificence He hath a great kindness for Elephants counts them his Favourites and the Ornaments of his Kingdom and styles himself King of the White Elephant for which there hath been great Wars between him and the Peguan King. Martaban said to be the Triglipton of Ptol. on the Gulph of Bengala once subject to Pegu now to Siam once a Kingdom now of a great Trade especially for Martabanes which are Vessels of Earth of a kind of Porcelain varnished with black and much esteemed in all the East 3. Malacca the Aurea Chersonesus of old in the Peninsula whereof are divers Kingdoms all which except Malacca are Tributary to that of Siam Tenasseri Juncalaon Quedda Pera and Malacca are on the Western part Ihor Puhang Patane Burdelong and Ligor are on the Eastern Coast Malacca the Tacola of Ptol. teste Alph. Adriano aliis Tacolais Juncalaon is the most famous being great rich and powerful An. 1511. the Portugals took it and kept it till 1641. when the Hollanders took it from them Among the Rarities of the Malacca or rather of the World is the Arbor Tristis which bears Flowers only after Sun-set and sheds them so soon as the Sun rises and this every Night in the year 4. Camboja Forte Pytindra or Pityndra of Ptol. on the River Mecon 60 Leagues up the River once one of the three prime Cities in this part of India The King thereof is or lately was Tributary to Siam whose Manners and Customs the People much resemble In the year 1644. four Holland Ships made into this River and got out notwithstanding all the opposition of the King of Camboja 5. Chiampa which communicates its Name to the Country said to be a distinct Kingdom It is seated near the Sea-side and of good Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes by some the Town is called Pulo Caceim Cochin China is said to be one of the best Kingdoms in all India it borders upon China of which it was once part and whose Manners Customs Government Religion and other Ceremonies they yet retain but their Language is that of Tonquin Among the Rarities of this Country is First The Inundation which in Autumn covers with its Waters almost all the Country making the Earth so fruitful that it brings forth its Increase twice or thrice a year Secondly Their Saroy Boura or matter wherewith the Swallows make their Nests which being steeped and moistned in Water serves for Sauce to all Meats communicating a variety of Taste as if composed of several Spices Thirdly Their Trees called Thins the Wood whereof remains uncorruptible whether in Water or Earth Sansoo is one of the greatest Cities of Chochin China and greatest Trade but now the Port failing it decays Haifo or Faifo is remarkable for its Forest of Orange and Pomgranate Trees Dinfoan is a good Port but of a difficult entrance Tachan is an Isle where the Fowls retire during the Heats Boutan is a good Haven Checo Kekio or Kecchio
yielding Fruits Wax Honey and Cattel It s chief City beareth the same Name and by Sanson is the Jol and Julia Caesaria of Plin. Strab. c. seated near to the Sea having a Castle and Palace formerly the abode of its Kings now of its Governours other places are Brisch alias Brexcar the Icosium of Plin. and Mela. Sans But Castal and Molet tell us Icosium is Acor Meliana is on the Mountains so is Beni Abucaed and Guanser the Zabacus of Ptol. which can raise two or three thousand Horse and fifteen or sixteen thousand Foot. Mostagan is the Cartenna of Mela. Ant. and Ptol. Marm. Mazzagran Cast Circilli Etrobio The Government of Algier comprehends likewise that of Couco in the Mountains Built on the top of a Rock whose Governors have often disputed their Liberty with the Deys of Algier These Mountains are two or three days Journey long and their Approaches difficult They yield Olives Grapes and especially Figs which is the Kings principal Revenue As also Iron and Salt-Peter the Plains afford Corn and Cattle The Inhabitants are Bereberes and Azuages well armed and couragious The Metropolis of this Province is Algier or Argier Incolis Gezier the Antient Jol built by King Juba afterwards the Julia Caesaria Plin. teste Marmol But Sanson will have Algier to be the Ruscurian of Plin. the Rusaccurran of Ant. the Rhusuccorae Ptol. But Marmol will have Ruscarar to be Garbele Castaldus will have Algier to be Saldâ—e of Plin. Ant. and Ptol. 'T is one of the richest and best inhabited Cities of all Africa by reason of the Pyracies of the Inhabitants upon the Ocean and Mediterranean It is said to contain fifteen thousand Houses and near as many Gardens round about it abounding with store of pleasant Fruits with their Fountains and other places of delight The Air about Algier is pleasant and temperate the Land hath excellent Fruits as Almonds Dates Olives Raisins Figs some Drugs c. The Plain of Mottia fifteen or sixteen Leagues long and eight or ten broad is so fertile that sometimes it yields an hundred for one and bears twice a year But most of the Inhabitants live by their Pyracy which doth so much enrich the place that Cardinal Ximenes was wont to say That they that could take Argier would find Mony enough in that Town to Conquer all Africa Among the Tombs without the City is remarkable that of the fairest Cava Daughter of Count Julian of Bettica who having been ravished by Rodoric King of the Goths was the cause of the Moors descent into Spain The Emperor Charles the Fifth lost before Argier the fairest Navy he ever had in his life The City of Temendfust or Mansora is about six Leagues from Algier the Iomnium Municipium of Ptol. the Lamnium Ant. teste Sans or Caffen teste Mol. Teddeles or Taddeles twenty Leagues from Algier is the Rusipisis teste Sans Saldae Merc. Cercelle or Sarcelle near Albatel or Sargel is the Rusicibar Ptol. the Rusubiticari Ant. teste Baud. Couco is a separate Kingdom in the Mountains of so difficult access and so strong that it maintains its Liberty said to be the Tubusuptus Ptol. teste Baud. The Province of Bugia lies between the Rivers Major and Sufgemar or Suffegmar the Ampsaga of Mela and Ptol. teste Marmol And hath for its chief City Bugia a large City adorned with many sumptuous Mosques s me Monasteries and Colleges for Students in the Mahometan Law and Hospitals for the Relief of the Poor guarded with a very strong Castle The Igiâ—gili Castal Tabaâ—ra or Tabraca Fazellâ— Baldae M l. Marmol aliis Lubâ—z makes a separate Estate above Bugia and consists only in Mountains of so difficult access that they are scarce forced to pay Tribute Calaa is the Chief Fortress and Residence of their Zâ—que or King. Tâ—zli and Caco de Teleâ—ta are at the foot of the Mountains Necaus is the most pleasant place of all Barbary every House hath its Garden and every Garden is so embellished with Flowers Vines Fruits and Fountains that it seems a Terrestrial Paradise The Baga and Bagaia Divo Augustino Lib. Conc. Vaga Ptol. and Sil. Vaganse Op. Plin. teste Marmol and Vagal Ant. The Province of Constantina hath sometime had its Kings This Province is divided into three Parts or Quarters viz. that of Constantina Bona and Tebessa Constantina which the Moors or Arabians call Cosantina the Antients Cirtha or Cirta Julia which in Roman History was the Residence of many Kings of Numidia as Massinissa and Syphax This Cirta was besieged and taken by Massinissa where Sophonisba the Daughter of Asdrubal Syphax's Queen was who had so many Attractions and Charms that in the same day she was Captive and Wife to Massinissa who that she might not be led in Triumph through Rome poysoned her self It s situation on a Mountain which hath but two Avenues the rest being Precipices makes it strong Bona is the Antient Hippo regius the Bishop's See of St. Augustine ab Africanis Bened Vgneb teste Marmol Vaga Silio Aliis Biserta Vecchia Razamilara teste Baud. Tebessa the Ancient Thereste is said to excel all other Cities in Barbary in three things in the force of its Walls beauty of its Fountains and great number of its Walnut-trees Collo is the Collops Magnus of Ptol. Mabra is the Aphrodium Colonia teste Mol. Castal Stora is the Rusicada of Plin. Ptol. and Mela teste Mol. and Marm. The Genovese have a Fortress in the Isle Tabarca And the French a Bastion between the Isle Tabarca and Magazin called Bastion de France for the security of their Fishing and Commerce These two Provinces of Bugia and Constantina contain the Numidia propria of the Ancients Guzuntina incolis teste Marmol A Country which hath suffered great Changes under the Romans Vandals Moors and afterwards by Barbarossa Of TVNIS THE Kingdom of Tunis was the Native Country of Amilcar Hannibal Asdrubal Mago and Massinissa And Christianism also is beholden to it for the birth of St. Augustine Tertullian St. Cyprian Lactantius Fulgentius The Kingdom of Tunis is divided into four Maritim Governments and three or four Inland ones The Maritim are Biserta Goletta Sousa and Africa The Inland ones are Beija Vrbs Cayroan to which some add a part of Billedulgerid and contains the Africa propria of Old In qua Punica Regna vides Tyrios Agenoris urbem Virg. Lib. 1. Aeneidos The Libyphaenices Liv. Libophaenices Plin. Libophaenicia apud Salustium This City grew from the Ruins of Carthage once formerly Romes great Rivaless and the Capital City of a large Territory first built by Dido Anno Mundi 3070 about an hundred forty and three years before Rome and two hundred and ninety years from the destruction of Troy. Tunis is now one of the fairest Cities in Barbary a place of great Traffick and much frequented affording several good Commodities viz. Saffron Wax Oyl raw and salted Hides hard Soap Variety of Fruits Wool
Lodges near the Mines and some Cities as Zacatecas Durango c. In new Biscany there are no Cities but only Mines of Silver as Saint John Barbara and Endes The Audience of Gautemala is divided into these Provinces Gautemala Soconusco Chiapa Vera-paz Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua Gautimala is a Country hot but rich subject to Earthquakes and hath excellent Balms Amber Bezar and Salt and Indigo Full of rich Pastures stocked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medicinal Drugs and abundance of Fruit especially Cacao in vast plenty that it lades many Vessels which serves both for Meat and Drink Chief Cities are Saint Jago de Gautimala Situate on a little River betwixt two Vulcano's one of Water the other of Fire that of Water is higher than the other and yields a pleasant Prospect being almost all the year green and full of Indian Wheat and the Gardens adorned with Roses Lilies and other Flowers all the year and with many sorts of sweet and delicate Fruit. The other Vulcan of Fire is more unpleasant and more dreadful to behold here are Ashes for Beauty Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers for Water Whisperings and Fountain Murmurs noise of Thunder and roaring of consuming Metals for sweet and odoriferous Smells a stink of Fire and Brimstone Thus is Gautimala seated between a Paradise and Hell other chief Towns are Mixco Pinola Petapa and Amatitlan The Residence of the Governor the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 it was almost overwhelmed by a Deluge of boiling Water which descended from that Vulcano which is near it out of which it cast Fire in abundance Soconusco hath only the little City Guevetlan on the Coast nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it Chiapa is not very fruitful in Corn or Fruits but well stocked with lofty Trees some yielding Rosin others pretious Gums and others Leaves that when dried to Powder make a Sovereign Plaister for sores 'T is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Chiapa exceedeth most Provinces of America in fair Towns 't is divided into three parts viz. Chiapa Zeldales and Zoques Chief Places are Chiapa Real and Chiapa de Indies twelve Leagues from the first upon the River Grejavalva St. Bartholomews at the foot of the Cuchumatlanes Mountains Copanabastla noted for its Cotton Wool. Near Chiapa are several Fountains which are strange near Acaxutla is a Well whose Water is observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and Ebbing of the Sea though far from it near St. Bartholomews is a pit into which if one cast a stone tho' never so small it makes a noise as great and terrible as a Clap of Thunder another Fountain that for three years together increaseth though there be no Rain and for three years after diminisheth though there be never so much another that falls in rainy weather and rises in dry another that kills Birds and Beasts that drink it yet cures the Sick. The entrance into Golfe Dulce is straitned with two Rocks or Mountains on each side but within a fine Road and Harbor wide and capacious to secure a thousand Ships Honduras or Comayagua is a Country of pleasant Hills and fruitful Vallies hath Fruits Grains rich Pastures brave Rivers and Mines of Gold and Silver but it s greatest profit is Wool. It s chief places are Vallad lâ—d equally distant between the two Seas situate in a pleasant fruitful Valley 2. Grâ—tias a Dios near the rich Mines of Gold. 3. Saint Juan del poâ—to de los Cavallos once a famous Port. 4. Traxillo both pillaged by the English Nicaragua called Mahomets Paradise by reason of its fertility and store of Gold a Country destitute of Rivers the want whereof is supplyed by a great Lake which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea upon its Banks are seated many pleasant Cities and Villages the chief is Leon near unto a Vulcan of Fire where a Fryer seeking for Treasure met with the end of his design and of his Life the Residence of the Governor and Seat of a Bishop Grenada beautified with a fair Church and Castle Jaen Segovia and Realeo near Mar del Zur The City Granada is one of the richest places in the India's The passage of the Lake Granada or Nicaragua called El Desaguadero is very dangerous Costarica and Veragua are the two most Eastern Provinces of the Audience of Gautimala in the first are the Cities of Carthage seated between the two Seas In the other La Conception La Trinadad and Sancta Fe being the place where the Spaniards melt refine and cast their Gold into Bars and Ingots New MEXICO vel New GRANATA et MARATA et CALIFORNIA by R. Morden WEst of Florida and North of New Spain there are numerous Inhabitants and various Provinces and Countries little known by the Europeans which I call in general New Mexico others comprehend them under the name of New Granada however there have been observed divers people very different in their Languages Manners and Customs some having fixed and setled Habitations others wandring after their Flocks some dwelling in Cities or Towns others in Herds or Troops like the Tartars This Country was first made known to the Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer Marco de Nisa inflamed by whose reports Vasquez di Coranado in the year 1540 undertook the further discovery thereof where not finding what they looked for Gold and Silver hungry honour yielding but poor subsistence the further search of these Countries was quite laid aside almost as little known now as before New Mexico California Anian Quiviria and Libola are the principal parts of it St. Fe or St. Foy is the principal City distant from the the Old Mexico above five hundred Leagues being the Residence of the Spanish Governor where they have a Garison and Silver Mines California once esteemed a Peninsula now thought to be an Island extending in length from the twenty second Degree of Northern Latitude to the forty second but the breadth narrow the Northern Point called Cape Blance of which there is little memorable the most Southern called Cape St. Lucas remarkable for the great prize there taken from the Spaniards by Captain Cavendish in his Circumnavigation of the World Anno 1587. Where is also Nova Albion discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577 and by him so named in Honor of his own Country once called Albion who caused a Pillar to be erected in the place on which he fastned the Arms of England Opposite to Cape Blanco and the utmost North parts of America lies the supposed Kingdom of Anian from whence the Straits of Anian which are by some thought to part Asia and America do derive their name The riches of Quiviria consist in their Oxen whose Flesh is the ordinary food of the Inhabitants their Skins serve them for cloathing their Hair for Thred of their Nerves and Sinews they make Cords and Bow-strings of their Bones they make Nails and
make a Corporation or Body as well as the other Orders Swedeland contains that part of Scandinavia which is the best as lying toward the East The cold Weather is there very long and sometimes very bitter however the Inhabitants do not so much make Use of Furs as they do in Germany they only wear Night-Caps Woollen-Gloves Just-a-corps and make great Fires of Wood with which they are well stored There are so few Sick People among them that Physicians and Apothecaries have little or no Practice The Inhabitants are equally Rich and their greatest Revenue consists in Copper whence the most part of the Europeans fetch it to make their small Money their Cannon and their Bells The City of Stockholm alone has in the Castle above 800 Pieces of Great Artillery and it is believed that in all the Kingdom there are above 80000. Upon review of the Militia made 1661 fourscore thousand Men were Mustered in Arms. This Country being so full of Mountains and Woods afford very little Corn so that in times of Scarcity the Poor are forced to eat very bad Bread. The Commodities of the Country besides Copper are Butter Tallow Hides Skins Pitch Rosin Timber and Boards The Cities are very subject to Fire in regard the Houses are all built of Wood. The Lakes and Gulfs are more considerable than the Rivers Nor is there any Trade but upon the Coasts where there is no venturing without a Pilot because of the great number of Rocks The Ice there is so thick that Waggons go safely upon it In other places the Snow affords them the Conveniency of Travelling in Sledges The Horses are fit for War for besides that they are easily kept and rarely sick they are well used to the Road they carry their Rider swimming they readily take wide Ditches they are Couragious and Nimble and will Assail the Enemy of their Rider with their Heels and Teeth both together Under the Name of Sweden are comprehended the Countries of Gothia Suecia Lapponia Finlandia Ingria and Livonia wherein is contained 35 Provinces besides the Acquisitions â—foresaid wherein Bertius reckoneth 1400 Parishes The two first toward the West and the three last toward the East the Gulf of Finland between them both Gothland whether so called from the Gâ—s or falsely affecting that more Glorious Name cannot well be known is divided into Ostre-Gothland and Westro-Gothland And those that Conquered Spain were called Visgoths Calmar is a strong City and the place where the Swedes usually set Sail for Germany The Cittadel is as highly esteemed in the Northern parts as that of Millain in the South Norkoping is full of Copper-Forges for which reason most of the Europeans fetch Cannons from thence Linkâ—ping a Bishops See where Olaus Magnus was Born is Remarkable for the Victory of Charles of Sudermania afterwards King of Sweden There are several other Cities whose Names terminate in Koping that is the Market-place â—mburg where King Charles the Ninth died is a new Town with a Port upon the Ocean Lodusia Sans Daleburg is a fair Town well fâ—rtâ—ed with a s rong Castle Swedeland communicates its Name to other Provinces of this Kingdom of which Stockholm or â—iâ— is the Capital City accommodated with a Royal Castle and a Sea-Port at the Mouth of the Lake M ler which they formerly had a Design to have cut into the Wener-Lake to have joyned the Baltick and the Ocean together so to spoil the Passage of the Sound This Wener Lake is said to receive 24 Rivers and disburden its self at one mouth with such noise and fury that it is called the Devils-mouth This City is far better â—urniâ—h'd than it was before the War with Germany In the Year 1641 they began to streighten the Streets and build their Houses Uniform The Harbour is very Secure so that a Ship may Ride there without an Anchor It has three Channels which carry the Vessels between certain Islands and Rocks The Kings Ships lie at Elsenape Vpsal Defended by a great Castle where is the Metropolitan Church where the Kings are usually Crowned and where formerly they kept their Courts The City is adorned with an University and the most â—ble Marâ—s in all thosâ— Quarters The Cathedral has been a Stâ—â—ilding as they say lin'd or as it wâ—re Wâ—d within wâ—old and covâ—d with Copper Carâ—lâ—taâ— upon the Wener is notâ—â—or its abundance of â—rass Strongues is a Bishops Sâ— Ar sia now W â—erus was rich in Silver Mines Lâ—ni contain no Citi s It has only certaiâ— Habitations divided into five Countries that bear the Names of their Rivers The Laponers are very small the tallâ—st â—t being above four foot higâ— nevertheless formerly six hundr d of them put to the Rout above an hundred thousand Mâ—sâ—ites that came to Inâ—dâ— them They wear no other Habit but Skiâ— and when they are Young they so inure themselves to the Cold that afterwards â—ey easily endure it without any Clothes They have neither Woollen nor Linnen only they have pieces of Copper which they call Chippans which they exchange for Necessaries They have neither Bread nor Corn nor Fruit nor Herbs nor Wine nor Cattel nor Butter nor Eggs nor Milk nor other Supports of life But they have no want of Water And they have a kind of Wild Deer which are very swift the Flesh whereof they live upon There is a second part of Laponia in Denmark and a third in Muscovy The Mount Enaraki has three Apartments of Lodging for the Deputies of the three Nations Finnonia seu Finnia Finland is a Dutchy which some Kings of Swedeland were wont to Assign for their Brothers Portion The Chief Cities whereof are Aâ—o a Bishoprick and Viburgh or Viborch a chargeable Fortress There is one particular place in this Province near Razeburg where Needles being touched turn continually Biorneburg Cajenbourg with other places you will find in the Map and Kexholm taken by Pontus de lâ— Garde Ingria vulgo Ingermanland by the Russians Isera was taken from the Muscovites by a Treaty in the Year 1617. It is but small but considerable for the Chace of Elkes and for the Situation of the strong Fort of Noteburgh in the midst of a great River at the Mouth of the Lake â—adoga Carald â—d by the Russes This Garison was taken by the Swedes all the Soldiers within being destroyed by a Distemper that took them in the Mouth and hindred them from eating The Mountains that part Norway and Sweden are by Ortelius called the Dossâ— Montes Sevo Montes of Plin. accounted 300 miles in length and now in various places have divers Names not much material here to mention The Commodâ—es of this Country are Copper Lead Brass and Iron Ox-Hides Goats and Buckskins Tallow Furs Honey Allom and Corn. The Inhabitants naturally strong active and stout Soldiers industrious laborious ingenious and courteous to Strangers The Women discreet and modest The Christian Faith was first planted here by Ausgarius Archbishop of Bremen the general Apostle of the
North. The Forces of Sweden are very powerful being able to put to Sea more then 100 Sail of Ships and into the Field forty or fifty thousand of Horse and Foot. And for deciding of Controversies c. every Territory hath its Viscount every Province its Lâ—n every Parish its Lanas-man or Consul and there lâ—eth an appeal from the Consul to the Laymen and from the Laymen to the Viscount and from the Viscount to the King who alone decideth the same Teste Sanson Livonia Germ. or Listâ—ndt is divided into two parts viz. Esthâ—nia or Eften on the North. and Litlandia Leithland or 〈◊〉 on the South was entirely Surrendred by the Polander except Dunembergh Formerly the Order of Carry-Sword Knights Resided there but in the time of Gregory the Ninth that Order was United to the Teutonick Afterwards the Polanders and Muscovites enjoyed it Riga is the Capital City of Livonia The Germans English and Hollanders drive a great Trade there in the Summer while the Sea is open In the Winter the Natives Trade into Muscovy upon their Sledges It stands upon a Plain upon the River Duna which in that place is about a quarter of a League over The Fortifications thereof consist of six Regular Bastions several Half-moons and Pallisado'd Counterscarps In the Year 1656 an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites came to catch cold before this City which Valiantly Repulsed them Pernaw is a well Fortified place And Derpt in Latin Tuâ—atum Situate on the Beck taken by J. Basilius the Great Duke of Muscovy as was also Felin a strong Town Dunabourg an Impregnable Fortress eight miles from Riga well Garisoned by the Poles Revel directs the Trade from Livonia into Muscoâ—y 'T is a Bishops See and a well Traded Port. Nerva is a strong place from whence the Neighbouring River derives its Name where the Brave Pontus de la Gardia was Drown'd By the last Treaties between the Crowns of Sweden and Poland the Exercise of the Protestant as well as the Catholick Religion is permitted in Livonia as also in Curland and Prussia The Island of Gothland is the biggest in the Baltick Sea for therein there are five or six Ports belonging to the Swede In several of the Rocks there still remain the Ancient Gothish Characters And the City of Wisby still preserves certain pieces of Marble and Houses that have Gates of Iron or Brass Gilded or Silver'd over which testifie the great Antiquity of the place This City first Established the Law for Navigation in the Baltick and began the Sea-cards Other Islands are Dagho and Oesel upon the Coast of Livonia belonging to the Swedes Of Muscovy c. MOSCOVIE or RVSSIE Of Muscovy c. MVSCOVY is properly but the name of a Province so called of which Moscow is the chief City which hath communicated its Name to all the Provinces under the Dominion of the Grand Czar or Tzar This Country is part of the European Sarmaâ—iâ— or Sâ—ythia called also Russia Alba or the Great Russia whose ancient Inhabitants were the Rhuteni or the Roxolani of Ptol. the Rossi of Cedren The Basternae Tacit. teste Willich From thence some think it called Russia others tell us 't is called Russia from the colour of the Snow which colours the Fields for almost three Quarters of a year 'T is the Vastest Country in Europe A Territory so large that were it Peopled answerable to some other parts of the World would either make it too great for one Prince or that Prince too powerful for his Neighbours But the Eastern parts thereof are vexed with the Asiatique Tartars who like Aesop's Dog will neither dwell there nor suffer the Muscovites The Western parts almost as much harassed by the Swedes and Poles The Southern by the Turks and European Tartars and the Northern pinched by the coldness of the Air This excess of cold in the Air was so vehement that in the Year 1598 of 70000 Turks that made an Inrode into Muscovy 40000 were frozen to death and water thrown up into the Air will turn to Ice before it falls to the Ground Nor is it an extraordinary thing for the Inhabitants to have their Noses Ears and Feet frozen off such is their Winter Nor is their Summer less Miraculous for the heaps of frozen Snow which covered the Surface of the Country at the first approach of the Sun are suddenly Dissolved the Waters dried up the Earth dressed in her gaudy Apparel such a mature Growth of Fruits such flourishing of Herbs such chirping of Birds as if there were a perpetual Spring And though they Sow but in June yet the Heats of July and August strangely quicken their Harvest The whole Country generally is overspread with Woods and Lakes and is in a manner a continual Forest irrigated by several Lakes and Rivers Here grow the goodliest and tallest Trees in the World affording shelter to multitudes of Cattel and Wild Beasts whose Skins â—re better than their Bodies and here is the inexhaustible Fountain of Wax and Honey as likewise all kinds of Fowl and small Birds in great plenty most sorts of Fish excellent Fruits and Roots especially Onions and Garlick Here is the Corn of Rhezan and Volodimira the Hides and Leather of Jâ—rouslâ—u the Wax and Honey of Plesow the Tallow of Wolâ—gda the Oyl and Cavayer about Volga the Linnen and Hemp of great Novogrodt the Pitch and Rosin of Duvinâ—z the Salt of Asrâ—acan and Rostof the â—rmins and Sables and black Foxes Furs of Siberia where the Hunters have the Art to hit only the Noses of the Beasts preserving their Skins whole and clean The Muscovites are naturally ingenious enough yet not addicted to Arts or Sciences they do not trouble themselves with the height of the Heavens or the Magnitude of the Earth they amuse not themselves with Syllogisms nor wrangle whether Logick be an Art or Science And the plainness and paucity of their Laws makes Atturnies and Sollicitors as useless there as Philosophers Nor are they much addicted to Traffick and Husbandry being naturally lazy it must be force or necessity that compels them to labour Drunkenness is very familiar with them and Aqua-vitae or Tobacco like the Liquor of Circe turns them into Swine They are great lyars treacherous crafty malicious and revengeful quarelsome tho the height of their fury is Kicking their Houses mean and ill-furnished their Lodging is hard and their Diet homely born to slavery and brought up in hardship They are for the most part fat and corpulent strong of Body and of good proportion only great Bellies and great Beards are in fashion and the Women though indifferent handsome yet make use of Paint They are much retired and seldom in publick very respectful to their Husbands who look upon them as a necessary evil beat them often and treat them as slaves They only teach their Children to write and read which suffices them though they presume to be Doctors They take for their Sirname the proper name of their
quantity of Tapers which they light before their Images and which the Muscovites who are very apt to be drunk take no care to put out Musco which is the Capital City and the Residence of the Grand Duke seems rather to be a huge heap of Hamlets than a good City It had above 40000 Houses but now there are far less since it has been so often plundred by the Lesser Tartars and the Poles and especially since the last fire that happened there It hath three Walls one of Brick another of Stone a third of Wood separating the four Quarters of the Town The greatest Ornament of the City are the Churches of which St. Michael's is the chief in which the Tombs of the Tzars are placed the Steeples of the Churches are covered with Copper whose glittering seems to redouble the brightness of the Sun called Cremelena The Tzars Castle is about two miles in Circumference and contains two fair Palaces one of Stone and the other of Wood built after the Italian fashion besides the Imperial Court there are several other spacious Palaces for the Bojor's or Nobility as also for Priests amongst which that of the Patriarch is the most Magnificent and over against the Czars Palace is a fair Church built after the Model of the Temple of Jerusalem from whence it is so called near to which is the great Market for all Wares and Merchandizes Volodimere the Residence of the Prince before Musco was lies in the most fertile part of all Muscovy defended by a Castle The Rivers of Musco and Occa are those whereby the Merchants convey their Goods by Water to the Volga Little Novogrode is the last Village in Europe toward the East Pleskou is well Fortified as being the Bulwark against the Poles and Swedes Novogrode the Great has been one of the four Magazines of the Hans Towns and a Town so Rich and Potent that the Inhabitants were wont to say Who can withstand God and great Novogorod But in the year 1577 the Great Duke Ivan Vasilowitz took it and carried away as 't is reported a hundred Waggons laden with Gold and Silver yet it is still a Town of great Trade in the year 1611 it was taken by the Swedish General Pontus de la Gardie and in the year 1613 redelivered to the Tzar of Muscovy upon the Articles of Peace Archangel is the Staple of all Muscovy by reason of its Haven The Duties paid at coming in and going out amount to above six hundred thousand Crowns a year The English were the first that began to send their Ships thither since they have been followed by other Nations of Europe Formerly the Trade of Muscovy was driven by passing through the Sound and putting in at Nerva but the great Impositions put upon the Merchandizes by the Princes through whose Countries they were to pass made them forsake that place Rezan was the place that held out when the Tartars had taken Muscow the Governour whereof when he had got the Original of the Articles of the Treaty Signed by the Grand Czar from the Tartarian General refused to surrender the Town or deliver back the Schedule which was the occasion of the Tartars overthrow and the recovery of Moscovy and the taking of Casan Astracan c. St. Nicholas also drives a great Trade at the entry of the Duvine These are the only places that belong to the Grand Duke upon the Ocean Troitza near Muscow is the most beautiful Convent in all Muscovia whether the Grand Tzars do usually go in Pilgrimage twice every year Colmogorod is renowned for the Fairs that are kept there in Winter time The Duvine bears great Vessels to that place so called Oustioug is in the middle of the Country where it drives a good Trade as being Seated in a place where two Rivers meet Besides the White Sea is full of Shoals and Rocks at the entry into it and then the Snows melting and the Torrents swelling in the Spring-time carry the Water with such an impetuosity that Ships can hardly get in however there is great store of Salmon caught there Kola and Pitzora in Lapland receive Trading Vessels As for the Conquests of the Great Duke in Asiatic Tartary the principal places we Astracan and Casan which bear the Title of Kingdoms besides Zavolha and Nagaia Then Casan is a great City with Walls and Towers of wood seated upon a Hill. 'T is Inhabited by Russians and Tartars but the Cittadel is Walled with Stone and kept only by Russians Astracan was formerly the Seat of the Nagayan Tartars it lyes at the mouth of the River Volga in the Island Delgoy 50 Dutch Leagues from the Caspian Sea 't is environed with a strong Stone-wall upon which are seated 500 Brass Cannon besides a strong Garison It s many Towers and lofty Piles of Buildings makes a noble prospect 'T is a place of great Traffick especially for Silk In this Country grows the Plant Zoophyte that resembles a Lamb it devours all the Herbs round about the Root and if it be cut it yields a liquor as red as blood the Wolves devour it as greedily as if it were Mutton Locomoria toward the Obi is inhabited by People who they say are Frozen up six months in the year because they live in Tents environ'd with Snow and never stir forth till it be melted They are broad faced with little Eyes their Heads on one side and bigger than the proportion of their Bodies requires short Legs and Feet extreamly big Thus they appear clad in Skins with a piece of wood instead of Shoes these Skins they wear in the Winter with the hairy side inward in Summer with the hair outward to sew them they make use of the small bones of Fish and the Nerves of Beasts instead of Needles and Thred they are the best Archers in the world The Fingoeses express their thoughts better by their throats than by their tongues These Countries go all under the Name of Siberia a Province which affords the fairest and the richest Furrs and whither the Lords in disgrace are banisht The River Pesida bounds it for no man dares go beyond it though Horses and several other things have been seen which make us believe that it is as considerable as Cathay which cannot be far from it Of Poland POLAND by Robt. Morden POLONIA or Poland which was formerly but a part of Sarmatia is now a Kingdom of as large extent as any in Europe It is an aggregate Body consisting of many distinct Provinces United into one Estate of which Poland the Chief hath given Name to the rest It is 800 miles in length and the breadth comprehending Livonia is almost as much According to the Polish and Bohemian Historians they were with the Bohemians Originally Croatians descended from the Sclaves and brought into these parts by Zechus and Lechus two Brethren banished out of their own Country But this is refuted by Cromerus The more general opinion is that they were Sarmatians who
upon the departure of the German Nation towards the Roman Frontiers flocked hither and by reason of their common Langave or mixture with the Sclaves of Illyricum thus accounted and being united in the common Name of Sclaves setled in that part which we now call Poland the Estate hereof being much improved by the Conquest of many Sarmatian Counties But whether Zechus and Lechus the Founders of the two Nations by all Historians were Strangers or Native Inhabitants is uncertain since all ancient History is silent herein The time when these should arrive here according to Historian reports was Anno 649 under Lechus a time indeed near unto the general flittings of the Barbarous and Northern Nations and therefore the more probable In Anno 963 they Received the Gospel Anno 1001 they had the Title of King conferred upon them by Otho the Emperour His Revenue is computed to be 600000 Crowns per Annum arising from Salt and Tin and Silver Mines His Houshold Expences and Daughters Portions being at the Publick Charge Nor do the Wars at any time exhaust his Treasure It is very Fertile in Rye Wax and Honey Other Commodities are Flax Masts Cordage Boards Wainscots Timber Rosin Tar Pitch Match Iron Pot-Ashes and Brimstone It is well Furnished with Flesh Fowl and Fish Rich in Furrs the fairest of which are brought thither out of Muscovy Near Cracovia or Crakou they dig Salt out of the Famous Salt-Pits that make a kind of City under Ground and yield a great Revenue They boyl it in Russia but in Podolia the Sun makes it They have the Conveniency both of the Black and Baltick Seas but are not addicted to Traffick neither are they well provided with hips The Rivers called the Vistula Vistillus Plin. Istula Ptol. Visula Mela. Bisula Amin. Vulge Wixel vel Weixel Weissel Incolis Vistule Gal. Vistula Ital. The Niemen the Chronus of Ptol. Memel Ger. Niemen Sclavis test Cromero Decio But by Rithaym Eras Pergel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sheld And the Duina or Duna empty themselves into the Baltick The Borysthenes Arist c. Naparis Herod Dnieper Decio Brisna Lunel Beresina Pucer Eberstenio Dnester Nester Cromero Nieper Mr. Cluver Briet The Bogg Hypanis Arist Herod Plin. c. And the Niester the Tyras of Herod Ptol. Tyra of Strab. Plin. now the Nester or Niester Teste Cromer Eberstin into the Black Sea. The Vistula runs by very fair Cities but the Mouths of Borysthenes under the Jurisdiction of the Turk who in the year 1672 took the Vkraine into his Protection having subdued all Podolia after the Surrender of the Fortress Kamienick This Kingdom is Elective being the only place in Europe where the People at this day freely retain and practise the Privilege to Elect their King yet the next of the Blood-royal commonly succeeds The Government is an Aristocratical Monarchy where the Senators have so much Authority that when we name the Quality of the State we may call it the Kingdom and Commonwealth of Poland The Senate is composed of Arch-Bishops Bishops Palatines Principal Catellains and Great Officers of the Kingdom The Prince like the King of Bees or a Royal Shadow cannot Act against his Nobles without the Consent of the Senators Yet his Dignity is so far considered that never any one Attempted against the Life of any of his Predecessors Their Kings were more anciently Free and Soveraign but by the common calamity of Elective States now bereft of Royal Right and Prerogatives having limited power Governing according to the strict Laws and Directions of the Council and Diet who solely have full liberty to consult of and determine the main affairs of the Kingdom These are of two sorts 1. The Senate aforesaid 2. The General Diets which are composed of the Orders aforesaid of the Senate or Council and of the Delegates of each Province and chiefer City sent in the name of the rest of the Nobility These are for the more high and important businesses of Republick Kingdoms not determinable by the Senate Warsaw or Varsovia is usually the place of Election and Crakow or Cracovia that of the Coronation The Arch-Bishop of Guesna Primate of the Kingdom Crowns the King and has almost all the Authority during the Interregnum for then he presides in the Senate and gives Audience to Embassadors He also contests with the Cardinals for Precedency and therefore there are few in Poland His Revenue is above 150000 Livres a year The Kingdom has three Orders the Church the Nobility and the Third Estate which comprehends all those which are not of the Nobility Though all sorts of Religions are here to be found yet the Roman Catholick is most predominant therefore the Clergy are next in Superiority to the King and then the Palatines and Castellans Written fixed Laws they have but a few if any Custom and Temporary Edicts being the Rule both of their Government and Obedience The Polanders wear long Garments shave their Hair upon the Chin and leave only one tufft of Hair upon their Heads in Remembrance of Casimir the First whom they fetched out of a Monastery to be their King. They are generally handsome tall well Proportioned good Soldiers and speak the Latin Tongue very fluently The Gentry are more Prodigal than Liberal Costly in their Apparel Delicious in their Diet very free and liberal but the Peasants no better than Slaves The Absolute Power they pretend to and ill Usages of the Nobles towards the Commonalty and Feuds one with another was certainly the cause of the Revolt of the Cossacks and produced all the Disorders in the Kingdom Their Cavalry is very considerable insomuch that if they were but United they might be able to bring into the Field above an 100000 Horse The Confidence they have therein and their Fear to render a Knight or a Burgher too Potent has made them Neglect Fortifying their Towns. Their Horses are of a middle size but quick and lively pompously Harnessed in Silk Gold Silver and Precious Stones Their Weapons are generally a Scymitar Sword Battle-Ax Carbine Bows and Arrows The Cossacks had always a peculiar Discipline in War though they were the same Nation At first they were Voluntiers that made Incursions upon the Turk and Tartars King Bathors reduced them into a Body and joyned to them two thousand Horse to whom he assigned the fourth part of his Revenue Their Habitations are in the lower parts of Volhinia and Podolia which they call the Vkraine which Country is the best Peopled and the most Fertile in all Poland There are other Cossacks that live in the Islands of the Borysthenes which is not Navigable by Reason of the Falls which they call Porowis Their Custom was formerly to put to Sea with several flight Vessels and to plunder the Territories of the Great Turk that lye upon the Black Sea. Some years since these People Revolted notwithstanding the Lot which was offered them of Kudack upon the Borysthenes and began
the Misfortunes of the Kingdom for they Leagued themselves with the lesser Tartars and put themselves into the Great Turks Protection Insomuch that we may safely say that the Invasion of the Swedes the Hostilities of the Muscovites the Irruption of the Transylvanians the Treachery of the Cossacks the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland and Lithuania the different Factions of the Kingdom the Contests of the Neighbouring Nations gave a cruel Blow to this Crown and were the causes that moved the Great Turk to make War upon them Poland contains Ten great Divisions four to the West and upon the Vistula Poland Mazovia Cujavia and Prussia the Royal. Six toward the East and to the West of Borysthenes Lithuania Samogitia Polaquia Nigra Russia Volhinia and Podolia These Provinces have been gained for the most part either by Arms or Alliances They are divided into Palatinates the Palatinates into Castellains and the Castellains into Captainships They call the Government of places Starosties Besides these Provinces there is one part of Muscovia which was yielded to the Muscovite in the year 1634 after that Ladislaus the Fourth before he was King had the year before valiantly Relieved Smolensko and reduced to utmost Extremity an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites who were constrained to ask him Pardon to save their Lives That Treaty which they call the Treaty of Viasma gained to Poland Smolensko Novogrodeck Sevierski Czernihou and other places The Truce for thirteen years beginning February 1667 leaves the Grand Duke of Muscovy in the Possession of Smolensko as also of that part of the Vkraine to the East of Borysthenes and regain'd to the Crown of Poland Dunenbourg Polâ—czk and Witepski Ducal Prussia where stands Konigsberg or Mons Regius a fair City University and Mart generally by our Seamen called Queenborow belonging to the Elector of Brandenburgh who is absolute Sovereign of it independent from Poland The City is so much the bigger because it incloseth two others within the same circuit of Walls Pinau and Memel are two Forts upon the Sea of the greatest concernment of any in that Dominion Curland is a Dukedom for which the Duke of the House of Ketler does Homage to the Crown His Residence is at Mitaw the chief of the Province of Semigallia in Livonia near this City Zernesky the Polish General and Lubermisky the great Chancellor vanquished the Swedish Army and killed 14000 upon the place And Vindaw was the Seat of the great Master of the Teutonick Order Poland the best Peopled is Divided into Vpper and Lower In the first stands Cracovia or Crackow the chief City in all Poland where the Kings and Queens are Crowned Inhabited by a great Number of Germans Jews and Italians encompassed with two strong Walls of Stone on the East-side is the Kings Castle on the West a Chappel where the Kings are Interred Upon the Confines of Silesia stands the City of Czentochow with the Cloyster of Nostre-dame of Clermont an extraordinary strong place and which the Swedes Besieged in vain twice in the Years 1655 and 1656. Sandomiria or Sendomierz a Walled Town and Castle upon a Hill. Lublin or Lublinium is a Walled Town with a strong Castle Environed with Waters and Marishes Here are held three great Fairs at the Feasts of Pentecost St. Simon and Jude and at Candlemas and much resorted unto by Merchants The Lower Poland though lesser than the Higher is nevertheless called Great Poland because it is more a part of the Kingdom than the other The City of Guesna there Seated in the Palatinate of Kalish is very Ancient and the Seat of the first Kings so called from an Eagles Nest which was found there while it was Building and which gave Occasion to the King of Poland to bear Gules an Eagle Argent Crown'd Beak'd and Armed Or bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the same Kalick Calisia is a Walled Town upon the Prosna naming the Country The Province of Mazovia only has above thirty or forty thousand Gentlemen the most part Catholicks Warsovia Warsaw is the Capital thereof and of the whole Kingdom in regard the General Diets are kept there and because its Castle is the Kings Court. In Cujavia stands the City Wladislau where the Houses are Built of Brick and the Lake Gopla out of which came the Rats that Devoured King Popiel Posnania or Posen is a Bishops See seated amongst Hills upon the River Warsa fairly built of Stone subject to Inundations chief of the Palatinate In which is also Miedzyrzecze a strong Town upon the Borders of Schlesia impregnably seated amongst Waters and Marshes Koscien a double Walled Town amongst dirty Marshes Sivadia Sirad a Walled Town and Castle seated upon the River Warsa naming the Country sometimes a Dukedom belonging to the second Sons of the Kings of Poland Lancicia Lancitz a Walled Town with a Castle mounted on a Rock upon the River Bsura Rava built all of Wood with a Castle naming the Palatinate Plozko and Dobrzin are two Palatinates on the other side of the Nieper Prussia Royal which belongs to the King of Poland are several Cities which the Knights of the Teutonick Order Built The Lakes and the Sea-Coast afford great store of Amber Marienburgh Mariiburgum is a strong Town where Copernicus was born a Town of good Trade with a fair Wooden Bridge over the Vistula Dantzick Gedanum one of the Capital Hans-Towns drives all the Trade of Poland and has not its equal over all the Baltick Sea It is a Free Town and is Priviledged to send Deputies to the States of the Kingdom The King of Poland has some Rights there upon Entry of Goods and upon the Custom The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of Prussia The Generous Resolution of the Towns-men to maintain the Authoriry of their King against the Swedes without accepting the Neutrality was the Preservation of the whole Kingdom Lithuania is the greatest Province of all those which compose the Estates of the Crown of Poland It received the Christian Religion 1389 United to Poland 1569. It has the Title of a Grand Dukedom wherein there are also to this day as many great Officers as in the Kingdom of Poland The Country is so full of Marshes and Sloughs that there is no Travelling in Winter for the Ice Vilna the Capital City incloses so many sorts of Religions that there is no City in the World where God is Worshipped after so many different ways unless in Amsterdam a Liberty too much allowed in most parts of Christendom but rara temporum felicitas There are also in Lithuania eight parts or Palatinates viz Breslaw Mâ—â—sco Mscizlaw Novogrodeck Poloczk Troki Vilna and Witepsk as also the Dutchy of Smolensko Novogrodeck Czernihou with the Territories of Rohaczow and Rzeczych and Sluckz whose chief places bears the same name other chief places of Note in Lithuania you may find in the Map. Samogitia is a Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly it hath no Palatinate
but its chief place is Rosienne whose houses are built of Mud and Straw-walls teste Sans Polaquia communicates her Name to the Polanders who call themselves Polacks as Descended from Lechus their first Prince It s chief places are Bietskâ— the strong Augustow and the well Fortified Tycassin or Tywckzin where the Kings Treasure is kept Russia Nigra has several Names some call it Black Russia by Reason of the Woods others Red because of the colour of the Earth and some Meridional because of its Situation towards the South Leopol or Lemberg an Archbishoprick is the Principal City but Zamoski the stronger it contains also the Castelwicks of Chilm and Blez and this is by most Geographers esteemed to be in the Higher Poland Volhinia claims for her Capital Kiou Polonis Kioff Germanis an Ancient City having once 300 fair Churches but destroyed by the Tartars still a Bishops See acknowledging the Patriarch of Moschow and of the Communion of the Greek Church Seated upon the Borysthenes where the Cossacks have often had their Retreats It was once the Seat of the Russian Emperors Taken and destroyed by the Tartars 1615 and now said to be taken by the Turks in the War 1678. In Podolia stands the well Fortified and Impregnable Kamienick olim Clepidava teste Cleaver which has formerly withstood the Armies of the Turks the Lesser Tartars the Transylvanians and the Walachians but at length was forced to yield to the Power of the Grand Signior in the Year 1672 since re-taken by the Poles but by the last Treaty delivered to the Turks as is also Oczakow the Axiace of Strab. Plin. Ptol. 1684. the Fortress of Jaslowic in Podolia was surrendred which consisted of 500 men And Dassow at the Mouth of the Borysthenes In the year 1626 the Cossacks entred the Bosphorus with 150 Sail of Saicks or Boats each Boat carrying 50 armed men and have 20 Oars on a side and two men to an Oar and on the Grecian-shore burnt Boyno-devi and Yenichioi on the Asian-side Stenia and put Constantinople into a general Consternation On the Banks of the River Niester Count Esterhasi fell upon the reer of the Turks killed 500 on the place took their Baggage with divers Prisoners and gave liberty to many Christian slaves The next day he charged another party kill'd a great Number and got a considerable Booty And afterwards having got more Recruit he joyned Battel with them and slew 1200 on the place gave liberty to 1400 Christians took divers of their Commanders with their Bag and Baggage with much Gold and Silver in Plate and Money 1624 forty thousand Horse of Tartars enters into Podolia and made Incursions as far as Socal but at Burstinow were overthrown thirty thousand slain and two thousand Prisoners taken the greatest defeat that was ever given to the Tartars Upon a Hill between Tyr River and Chocin the Turks an Tartars being 60000 under Abassa received a great loss by Konispotzki the Polish General with 2500 Horse 1684. Lesser Tartary TARTARIA in EUROPE by Rob t Morden THE Lesser Tartary which lyes in Europe is so called to distinguish it from the Grand which makes part of Asia it is also called Percopensis and Crim from the names of the principal Cities situated in the Peninsula formerly called Taurica Chersonesus The Nogays Tartars must not be omitted that lye between Tanais and Volga nor the Tartars of Ocziakou between the mouth of Borysthenes and the Niester nor the Tartars of Budziack already mentioned to the East of Moldavia between the mouths of the Niester and Donaw Besides all these there are some that are settled also in Lithuania and the Vkraine adjoyning to the Black Sea. The Black Sea is very Tempestuous so named and so famed from the terrible and frequent Shipwracks that happen in it for want of skilful Pilots and good Havens And the people that Inhabit about it are naturally barbarous and wicked without any Religion and under no Government The Circumference of this Sea was reckoned by Eratostenes Hecataeus Ptol. and Ammianus Marcellinus to be 23000 Stadia or 2875 miles The Thracian Bosphorus is certainly one of the comeliest parts of the World the Chanel is about 15 miles in length and about two in breadth in most parts The Shores consist of rising grounds covered over with Houses of Pleasure Woods Gardens Parks delightful Prospects lovely Wildernesses watered with thousands of Springs and Fountains upon it are seated four Castles well fortified with great Guns two eight miles from the Black Sea and the other two near the mouth of the Chanel built not above forty years ago to prevent the Cossacks c. from making Inroads with their Barks Palus Maeotis is by the Turks called Baluck Denguis that is Mare Piscium for 't is incredible what a number of Fish is caught in that Lake And 't is reported that they usually take Fish there which weigh eight or nine hundred pounds and of which they make three or 400 weight of Caveer Their Fishing lasts from October to April The waters do not rise or fall though it partakes of the River Tanais and the intercourse of the Euxine Sea. From the Chanel of Palus Maeotis to Mingrelia 't is reckoned 600 miles along the Coast which consist of pleasant Mountains covered with Woods Inhabited by the Circassians by the Turks called Cherks by the Ancients Zageans by P. Mela Sargacians a Country reckoned by the Turks not worth the Conquering nor the charge of keeping The Commodities that the Turks exchange for with the Inhabitants are Slaves Honey Wax Leather Chacal-skins a Beast like a Fox but bigger and Zerdavas which is a Fur that resembles a Martin with the Furs of other Beasts that breed in the Circassan Mountains The Cherks are a people altogether Savage of no Religion unfaithful and perfidious They live in Wooden Huts and go almost naked And the women till and manure the Ground They are sworn enemies to those that live next to them and make slaves one of another They live upon a kind of Paste made of a very small grain like to a Millet But of this Country little is known to us and what is discovered is by means of the Slaves that are brought from thence into Turkia who are in a manner Savages from whom nothing of certainty is to be expected Crim Tartary is a Peninsula about 200 miles in length and 50 in breadth wonderfully populous and exceeding fruitful abounding in Corn and Grass but Wood and Fuel is scarce The Towns on the Sea-side are Precop Lus lowa Mancup Crim Caffa Kers and Arbotka which lies between the Black and Moeotan or Ratten Seas near to which is a great field 50 miles long enclosed with water where the Tartars in Winter do keep their Hergees or Horses Within the Land are Carasu and Bakessy Seray The Town of Astamgorod stands upon the Neiper in former times there dwelt in it two Brothers Ingul and Vngul who falling at variance and that ending in
resides Charlsstat is a strong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River Weser This Country with the Principality of Ferden in Westphalia now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster Of Lawenburg THIS Dutchy gives Name to the Princes of Saxon Lawenburg who are Branches of the same House with the Princes of Anhalt It s chief place is Lawenburg or Laubenburg upon the Elb a fine Town but the Castle is ruined and the Duke lives at Ratzeburg though he hath nothing there but the Castle the Town belonging as was said to the Duke of Mecklenburg Of Magdeburg Ditio Magdeburgensis THIS Diocess lies extended on both sides of the Elb betwixt Brandenburg and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Magdenburg Magdenburg incolis Magdburg al. Magdeburg antiquis monumentis Pathenopolis Mesuium Ptol. testis Appiano A Burgraveship of the Empire and Arch-Bishops See giving name to the Country Reedified by Editha Wise unto the Emperor Henry the First and Daughter to Edmund King of England and thus named in Honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in stone is in the Cathedral Church with 19 Tuns of Gold which she gave thereunto though others say it was from the Worship of the Virgin Diana A place of great state large and fair and strongly fortified once the Metropolitan City of Germany famous in the Protestant Wars for a whole years years Siege against the Emperor Charles the Fifth But sacked and burnt by Tilly and 36000 persons put to the Sword and destroyed 1631. and the Town almost ruined 'T was also famous for the first Turnament which was in Germany which was performed here in the year 637. by the Emperor Henry Sirnamed the Fowler These are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony and contain the ninth Circle of the Empire Of BOHEMIA BOiemum Tac. Beiohemum Paterc Bomi Ptol. Boheim Germ. Boheme Galliâ— Boemia Hispanis Bohemia Italis Czeskazem incolis teste Brieto This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forests as it were with Fortifications The Air sharp and piercing the Country rough and hilly rich in Minerals and yielding sufficient plenty of Corn and other necessary Provisions Wine excepted First inhabited by some of the Germans who were dispossessed by the Boii who gave Name unto the Country The Boii were routed by the Marcomanni a people of Germany And these were also ejected by the Sclaves under Zechus Brother unto Lechus the Founder of the Polish Monarchy about the year 649. called in their own Country-language Czechi but named from the Country they seized upon Boiohaemi upon their first arrival This people were Governed by Dukes until about the year 1086. when Vratislaus or Vladislaus was created the first King of Bohemia in a Diet at Mentz by the Emperor Henry the Fourth about the year 1199. Power was given to the States to chuse their Princes before being Elected by the Grace of the Emperors since which time the Kingdom continued Elective though most commonly enjoyed by the next of blood until the Royal Line being extinct the Kingdom was devolved upon the House of Austria Chief Places are Praga Italis Prag incolis Prague Gallis Marobudum Ptol. teste Sans Briet the Capital and Royal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia seated upon the River Muldaw by the Bohemians Vltave it consisteth of three Towns the Old the New and the Lesser 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and University where in the year 1409. were reckoned above 40000 Students under the Rectorship of John Hus. The greatest remarks are the Emperors Palace and Summer-house A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Colaredo The Palace of Count Wallestein Duke of Freidland The Bridg being 1700 Foot long and 35 foot broad with two Gates under two High Towers of Stone at each end Near Prague that deciding Battel was fought Novemb. 8. 1620 between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine Elected King of Bohemia and the Emperor Ferdinand the Second where the Victory fell unto the Imperialists Prague forced to yield and King Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Silesia Teutchin Broda by the River Saczua a strong place when taken by Zisca who then forced the Emperor Sigismund to fly out of Bohemia Janikaw where was fought that famous Battel of Febr. 24. 1643. between Torstenson and the Imperialists the success gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further Czaslaw is the place where Zisca was buried that famous Bohemian General who fought when he was blind and when dead wished his friends to make a Drum of his Skin Guttenburg or Cottenburg is famous for its Silver Mines Egra is a strong City accounted the second of Bohemia and chief Magazine of the Country The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia called Riphaei or Cerconossi are famous for three things for their Signification and Prognosticks of all Tempests for the rarity of Plants Stones and Gems there growing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzal which is said to walk about those Mountains in the form of a Huntsman Anselmus de Boot tells us that Rudolphus the second King of Bohemia had a Table of Jewels which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World it was wrought with uch Art that the Jewels which were set together with invisible joints presented a most pleasant Landskip naturally representing Woods Rivers Flowers Clouds Animals c. the like not to be found in the World. The Waters of Carolina al. Karsbad found out Anno 1370. in the time of Charles the Fourth will in a Nights time turn Wood into a stony crust That the Loadstones of Bohemia will give the point of the World but not draw Iron and that a Needle touched with one of those Stones never points directly North but decline eight or more degrees to the last That Mummies as good as any in Egypt have been found in Bohemia a whole man of Myrrh Amber Bones of Giants and Unicorns horns are dig'd out of the Mountains See the Hlstory of Bohemia Bohuslao Balbino Soc. Jes in fol. Prag 1679. Other chief Towns are Pilsen large and Walled Tabor upon the River Lauznitz Koningsgratz Ger. Hradium Reginae Kralowikradetz Boh. Kuttenburg Ger. Kutnahora Boh. Budereiss Ger. al. Budeiowice Boh. Leitmeritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze Boh. To these we may add the County of Glatz upon the Borders of Silesia Of Moravia Marherin or Mahren IS a Country lying open only towards Austria and the South upon the other sides environed with Mountains and Forests plain within and exceedingly populous pleasant and fruitful for Corn Wine and Pasturage The Air somewhat unhealthy being debarred from the cleansing East and Northern Winds Once a Kingdom now a Marquisate subject to the Bohemians an Appendant of that State since Anno 1417. when Sigismund the Emperor gave it to Albertus King of Bohemia Chief Places are Olmutz or Olmuntz Germ. Olmuez Olomucium Olomuncium Latino Holemane Boh. the Eburum of Ptol. teste Pyram Appiano rather Barouua teste Laz. A University seated
Bern Lucern and Friburg Geneva first with Friburg then with Bern and Zurich As for the Prefectures of the Switzers they are such lesser Parcels and Adittaments as have arrived to their State and are Subject to their Authority either by Gift Purchase or War viz. the Town and Country of Baden Bremgarten Mellingen Rapersvila or Raperchswil The free Provinces of Wagenthal The Country of Tergow al. Tergea The Country and Town of Sargans and Walenstat The Prefectorship of Rheineck The Vallies of Locarn Lugan Mendrisi and Madia The Balliages of Belinzona Gasteren and Vlzenach Of Granson Morat and Orbe and Schwarzimburg and the Count Verdemburg All which Cantons as well as their Allies are as so many distinct Commonwealths Governed by their Magistrates and independent upon one another They have two sorts of Religion amongst them the Roman Catholick and the Protestant The Catholick Cantons are five or as some count seven the five Cantons are Vri Switz Vnderwald Lucern and Zug They that reckon seven add Friburg and Soleure But Zurich Bern Basil and Scasouse are Protestants Glans and Appenzel are Protestants and Papists mix'd together The Catholick Cantons Assemble at Lucern and the Protestant Cantons at Aran. The General Assemblies are held yearly at Baden which bears that Name from her Baths Every Canton is free to engage where it sees convenient Among all these Cantons Zurich has the Precedency Bern is the most Powerful Basil has the finest City the Residence and the Rendezvous of several learned Men. The Canton of Schasouse has a City famous for Trade and in Solothure stands a City of the same Name where the most Christian King's Embassador Resides Vren Switz Vnderwald Glaris and Appenzel have only Burroughs The Order of the 13 Cantons according to their Precedency is Zurich Bern Lucern Vren Switz Vnderwald Zug Glaris Basil Friburg Solothure Schafhausen and Appenzel Amongst the Allies of the Cantons the Grisons are the most Powerful of all Their City of Coire is the place whither the Merchandizes of Italy and Germany are brought by reason of its Situation upon the Rhine which in that place begins to grow Navigable The Chief Cities in these Cantons are Zurich the Tigurium of Caes Liv. pleasantly Situate at the end of a Lake called Zurich-Sea or Tigurinum Lacum divided almost into two equal parts by the River Ligamus which runs out of the Lake but joyned together by two Bridges The Houses built of Timber and Painted many four or five Stories high The Streets narrow but paved with Flints and Pebbles 'T is well Fortified besides the Wall with good Earth-works and Trenches It hath a University Its Citizens are Rich given to Merchandise Busy and Industrious To this belongs the Power and Authority of summoning the General Diets and having the first place in both Assemblies Near Zurich was Zuinglius Slain aged 44 years whose Heart remained whole in the midst of the Fire after his Body was consumed As also the Heart of Bishop Cranmer in England as 't is reported Below Zurich upon the Ligamus enjoying a most happy and pleasant Situation lieth the Town of Baden named thus from the hot Baths thereof beautified with fair Buildings The Seat of their General Diets much frequented and resorted to also for its publick and private Baths not so much for Health as Pleasure The chiefest Virtue is the quickning Power they have upon barren Women for here the Men and Women promiscuously wash together and which is worst in private too Basil Ang. Basil Germ. Basle Gal. Basilea Ital. Basilia Mercel The Arialbinum of Ant. teste Cluver Sanson A City large and fair The Houses built of Stone for the most part and painted compassed with a double Wall and Trench Rich and Populous The River Rhine divides it into two parts which are joyned together by a Bridg of fourteen Arches In this City are said to be 600 Fountains It gives Title to a Bishop who is not suffered to lodg in the Town one Night Spantalus an English Man was the first Bishop here 'T is an University founded by Pope Pius the 2d Here was Erasmus buried and here was held that Council where it was decreed that a General Council was above the Pope An. 1431. Near hereunto is the Village Augst where stood the City Augusta Rauracom Ptol. Rauriaca of Plin. and Basilia Civitas Basiliensium of Ant. Bern seated upon the Aar with whose Streams Island-like it is almost round encompassed on that side which is not it is strongly Fortified with Bastions and Out-works 'T is built of Stone and hath one long Street with narrow Porticoes or Cloysters on both sides The great Church is one of the handsomest Stone-Fabricks in all Switzerland Lucern is seated upon both sides of the River Russ issuing forth of the Lake Lucern and Waldstetten-See a neat City and pleasantly seated it hath four Bridges over the Russ one for Carts the other foot-Bridges one near a quarter of a Mile long The great Church stands without the City-wall and is noted for its great Organ The City is well traded and much frequented by Strangers being the ordinary Road between Italy and Gremany and the Rendezvous of their Merchandise passing that way Altrof an open Village is the Chief of the Canton of Vren The Village of Switz gave Name to the Country Stantz is the chief of the Canton of Vnderwald Glaris gives Name to that Canton Zug is a walled Town upon the left Shore of the Zugen-See Appenzel was sometimes the Seat of the Abbots of St. Gall then Lords of the Country now gives Name to the Canton Solothurn Solothurum of Ant. upon the Aar was the place of Martyrdom of Vrsus and his 66 Theban Soldiers in the Reign of the Emperor Dioclesian Friburg upon the River Sana is a handsome Town and Head of the Canton Schaf-hausen is seated upon the River Rhine where all Boats and Flotes that come down the River unload because of the Catarract or precipitious Descent of the Rhine at Wasserfal Here as at Zurich the Citizens wear Swords when they go abroad Chief Towns of the Confederate-Estates are Geneva Caes Genevra Ital. Gneff Germ. is pleasantly seated at the lower end of the Lake Lemanus now Genfferzee or the Lake of Geneva divided by the River Rhoscu into two parts which are joyned together by two Wooden Bridges strong and well fortified with Ramparts and Bastions of Earth and well governed where Vice is discountenanced yet Sports and Exercises allowed upon the Lords Day the People Industrious in Trading and Provisions plentiful Losanne Lausanna the Lausonium Ant. is a great Town and University upon Lacus Lamani Coira vel Coria Ital. Chur Incolis Caria Ant. Diac. is the Capital City of the Grisons almost environed with Mountains a Bishops See whose Inhabitants are all Protestants except the Bishop who hath nothing to do in the Government of it yet Coins Money which is currant there This Rhaetia or Country of the Grisons is divided
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâ—r of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege
Toledo Burgos Compostella Sevil Granada Valencia Sarrogossa and Tarragon There are several very considerable Sea-Ports Passagio St. Andrews Coruna Cadiz Cartagena Alicant c. Biscaie formerly called Cantabria is Mountainous and Woody which furnish them with Timber to build more Ships than all the Provinces of Spain besides It hath also so great a Number of Mines and Iron Forges that the Spaniards call it the Defence of Castile and the Armory of Spain The Biscayners who were the Ancient Cantabrians enjoy very great Privileges and boast themselves never to have been thoroughly Conquered either by the Romans Carthaginians Goths or Moors They use a different Language from that of the other Inhabitants of the Country and is said to be the ancient Language of Spain for as they remained in their Liberties not Mastered so in their Language not altered They differ from the rest of Spain also in Customs yielding their Bodies but not their Purses to the King not suffering any Bishop to come amongst them and causing their Women to drink first because Ogno a Countess would have poysoned her Son Sancho The Land as well as in the Country of Guipuscoa is very well Tilled for they pay neither Tax nor Tenth nor Right of Entry Their chief Cities are Bilboa and St. Sebastian places of great Trade especially in Wool Iron Chesnuts and Bilboa Blades Great Vessels cannot come near Bilboa being seated two miles from the Ocean but upon a High tide It was built or reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Flaviobriga of Ptol. by Diego de Harro 1300. The Port of St. Sebastian has a very fair Entrance being Defended by two Castles the one toward the East seated high the other to the West upon a low Rock St. Andero and Passagio are two Excellent Ports Fuentarabia the stronger place and further Town in Spain and Guataria the Native place of Sebastian Cabot who was the first that compassed the World in the Ship called the Victory Magellanus who went Chief in that Expedition perishing in the Action Laredo Portus Lauretanus hath a spacious Bay. Placenza upon the River Denia is inhabited by Blacksmiths Tolosa upon the Orio River Asturia called by some the Kingdom of Oviedo is the Title of the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Spain being called Princes of Asturia The younger Children whereof are called Infants ever since the Reign of John the First Hence were the small but swift Horses which the Romans called Asturcones the English Hobbies It was the Retreating place of the Kings of the Goths and several of the Bishops during the Invasion of the Moors for which Reason Oviedo Lucum Asturum of Ptol. Ovetum the Capital City thereof is called the City of Kings and Bishops and indeed gave Title to the first Christian Kings after the Moorish Conquest for as the Lust of Roderick a Gothish King of Spain first brought in the Moors so the Lust of Magnutza a Moorish Viceroy proved the overthrow and loss of the Kingdom Other Towns are Aviles on the Sea-shore near Cape de los Penas of old Scythium Prom. Galicia is not so fertile as well Peopled its former Inhabitants were the Gallaici whence it had its Name St. Jago Compostella which Bishoprick and University is there Famous for the Pilgrimages which are thither made by those that go to Visit the Reliques of St. James the Spaniards Patron Coruna by the English the Groine is often mentioned in our Spanish Wars in Queen Elizabeths days The Flavium Brigantium of Ptol. Brigantium of Ant. Strong and the chief Bulwark of Galitia is memorable for the goodness and largeness of her Port The Rich Silver Fleet of above thirty Millions put in there in the year 1661 to avoid the English who to surprize it had way-laid all the Points of the Compass to Cadiz Lugo is the Lucus Augusti of Ptol. and Ant. the Lucus of Plin. now a Bishops See. Orense is the Aquae Calida of Ptol. the Aqua Caleniae of Ant. a Bishops See. Tuy is the Tude of Ptol. Tyde Plin. a Bishops See. There are about forty other Ports in this Province of which Rivadeo Ponte Vedra Bajona are the most considerable Andaluzia formerly Vandalitia from the Vandals By Pliny Conventus Cordubensis is so fair a Country and so plentiful in Corn in Wine and Olives that it passes for the Granary and Magazine of the Kingdom Sevil in this Province is the Magazine of the Wealth of the New World. The Hispalis of Strab. Ptol. and Plin. It is in compass six miles compassed with stately Walls and adorned with no less Magnificent Buildings insomuch that there is a Spanish Proverb Chi non ha Vista Sevilla non ha Vista Meravilla He that at Sevil hath not been Structure's Wonder hath not seen The River Baetis or Gaudelquiver separates it into two parts which are joined together by a stately Bridge from hence the Spaniards set forth their West-India-Fleets and hither they return to unload the Riches of the Western World. It is Dignified with an University wherein studied Avicen the Moor Pope Silvester the Second here also were two Provincial Councils held Anno 584 and 636. and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Metropolitant of Andaluzia and the fortunate Islands Here was Isodore Bishop From hence comes our Sevil Oranges and here lies the Body of Christopher Columbus Famous for his Discovery of the New World. Not far from hence are to be seen the Reliques of the Italica of Strab. Ptol. and Ant. the Ilipa Italica Plin. the Country of the Emperors Trajan and Adrian now an obscure Village about a League East from Sevil. Cordova that Honoured Antiquity with Lucan and the two Seneca's and was more considerable in the time of the Moors than now The Principal Church was formerly one of the biggest Mosques among the Muhumetans next to that of Mecca Corduba of Strab. Ptol. and Mela a famous Colony of the Romans and Head of a particular Kingdom so called now a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition for this Province Jaen is the Oningis or Oringis of Livi teste Moral taken by Scipio Africanus from the Carthaginians Ecya is the Astigi of Plin. Astygis of Ptol. the Astrapa of Liv. taken by Lucius Martius or rather destroyed by the Inhabitants read Sir W. Rawleigh fol. 744. Iliturgis Ptol. Ilurgis Illiturgis Plin. Iliturgi Liv. Lietor teste Marian Aldea el rio Car. Clusio Andujar Floriano Andujur el viejo Amh. Moral Castulo Ant. Castulon Ptol. Plin. Castaon Strab. Caslono Car Clusio Caslona la voja Florian. between Alcazar and Baeza seated on the Guadelquiver not on the Ana as Heylin saith which being under the Romans was surprized by the Gerasenis but slain by Sertorius entring after them at the same Gate built 100 years before the War of Troy teste Mariana Here Hanibal is said to have took his Wife Himilce and was one of the last Towns that held out for the Carthaginians the chief City of the
now gives name to the Order of Knights so called confirmed by Pope Alexander the Third 1164. Alcaraz gives Name to the Mountainous Tracts of Sierra de Alcaraz Cuenca a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition once an Invincible Fortress of the Moors against the Christians yet won from them Anno 1177 by Sanctius the Second King of Castile Siguenca or Siguenxa is the Segontia Strab. Plin. the Secuntia of Liv. Secontia Ant. Segontialacta of Ptol. a City of the Celtiberi now a Bishops See having a fair Cathedral The Kingdom of Leon was the first which the Christians established after the Invasion of the Moors The City which bears its name has in it a Cathedral famous for its beauty The Church of Toledo is magnified for its wealth that of Sevil for its bigness that of Salamanca for its strength The City of Salamanca is honoured with an University which has the Priviledg to teach the Hebrew Greek Arabick and Chaldee Languages They talk here of the Valley of Vatuegas lately discovered in the Mountains of this Kingdom and which was never known before from the time of the Moors Invasion discovered by the occasion of an Hawk of thâ— Duke of Alva's which was lost amongst those Mountains His Servants clambering from one Hill to another in search of it at last happened into a pleasant and large Valley where they spied a Company of naked Pataco's or Savage people hemmed in amongst those many Rocks or Mountains And then told their Master that instead of his Hawk thâ—y had found a New World in the midst of Spain Upon further discovery and inquiry they were thought to be a remnant of the ancient Spaniards who had hid themselves amongst these Mountains for fear of the Romans Of Catalonia and the County of Roussillon CAtalannia rather Catalonia by the French Catalogne is variously derived by Authors some from Gothalonia of the Goths and Alani some from the Castellani the old Inhabitants hereof Others from the Cattalones who also had here their dwellings others from the Catti of Germany and the Alani of Sarmatia now Lithuania Paulus Hieronymus asserts it to be 170 Italian miles long and 130 broad Boterus tells us there is numbered in this Province one Dukedom viz. Cardona three Marquisates 11 Earldoms many Baronies and Lordships 56 Cities or Walled Towns and six hundred thousand Inhabitants among which were 10000 French Shepherds and Husbandmen Some Authors tells us the Country is Hilly and full of Woods yielding but small store of Corn Wine and fruits some say it abounds with Corn Wine and Oyl Others tell us it is more enriched through its Maritine Situation than by home-bred Commodities Chief places are Barcelona Barcinon of Ptol. Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Plin. and Ant. a Roman Colony Sirnamed Faventia by Plin. Seated upon the Mediterranean Sea betwixt the Rivers Baetulus of Mela now Besons and Rubricat or Lobregat River won from the Moors by Lewis the Godly Son to the Emperor Charles the Great It 's now a rich and noted Port. A Bishops See and Academy said to be built by Hamilcar Ant. Beath saith it was built by Hercules 'T is the Seat of the Vice-Roy and Inquisition for the Province 'T is beautified with stately Buildings both private and publick with delightful Gardens Its Port hath a Bridg or Mole of 750 Paces into the Sea for the better securing of Ships Terragona Terracon Strab. Ptol. Terraco Plin. Mela Solinus is pleasantly seated about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea upon the East of the River Tulcis now Francolino teste Coquo founded by Cn. and Pub. Scipio during the second Punick War a Repository of ancient Monuments Vid. Nomium c. 85. Afterwards made a Roman Colony and the chief Town giving name to the Province Terraconensis It was An. 1572. an Archbishops See and Academy founded by Cardinal Gaspar Cervan Lerida Llerda Ant. Strab. Ptol. Plin. Lucan A Bishops See and University seated upon the Rivers Sicoris now Segre or Segor and not on the River Linga as Heylin saith and the chief City of Arragon It s adjacent Fields are well stored with Vines Corn Fruits and Oyl oftentimes besieged by the French and as often relieved by the Spaniards And is Famous for the Encounter which happened nigh unto it between Herculejus the Treasurer of Sertorius Army and Manillius Proconsul of Gallia wherein Manillius was discomfited and his Army routed Cerdona is a Dukedom of the same Name where are three things remarkable a Mountain whose Earth is like Meal or Flower A Fountain whose water is of the colour of Red Wine A Salt of divers Colours but if pounded it appears only white Tertosa by the French Tortosa a Bishops See seated upon the River Ebro Dertosa Ptol. Ant. Dertossa Strab. Dertusa Plin. a Roman Colony Fortified with two Castles Vide Marin Siculum Girona Gerunda Ptol. Ant. Plin. a Bishops See and Dukedom gives Titile to the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Arragon built by Gerion 513 years after the Flood teste Beuthero Vich by J. Mariana the Ausa of Ptol. Corbio of Liv. Vicus Aquae Voconiae a Bishops See. 'T was the Randezvous of Count Monteries Country Militia when he attempted the relief of Paysarda but the passages were too well secured by the French. Not far from the right shore of the River Lobregat ariseth the pleasant Mountain Edulius Mons Ptol. Medulius by others now Monserrato a noted place for Miracles Here Ignatius Loyola laid the foundation of the Society of Jesus Anno 1522. This Mountain is said to be two Miles high and four Miles in Circumference stuck full with Anchorets Cells and honoured with a much frequented Chappel and Image of the Blessed Virgin whose ravishing description read in Nonius Bibliothec Hisp and in Zeiler's Description of the place in his Iteneries of Spain Rosas or Roses the Rhoda of Ptol. and Rhodope of Strab. founded by the Emporites or Rhodians under the Pyrenean Mountains a strong place Puig de Cerda or Puigcerda by the French Puicerdan is the chief Town of the Carotani Jugum Carratanorum near the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Segre Sicoris one League distant from I lâ—via Llivia Livia by Julian Toletanus de expeditione Wambae Regis Jothorum Julia Libyca Ptol. Plin. Linca or Linea Florian by others Insa in Sheldens Manuscript 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Campredon a walled Town near the Springs of the River Ter of Old Sambraca the Sehendunum of Ptol. Jonquera by the French Junquera by the Inhabitants Juncaria Ant. Plin. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shel Manuscript 't is in the little County of Ampurdan near the Passage of Le Col. de partus Cap de Cruex by Florian is the Aphroditium of Ptol. Templum Veneris Venus Pyrenaea of Strab. Plin. Portus Veneris Mela but Baud. tells us that Port Veneris is now called Port Vendres five Leagues distant from Aphrodisium Prom. Cadaques near Roses is the Cap de Quires of the
delicious part and so well Peopled that for 18 Leagues in Length and 12 in breadth it contains above 130 Monasteries well endow'd 1460 Parishes 5000 Fountains of Spring-water two hundred Stone-Bridges and six Sea-Ports some call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain Porto by the Dutch and by the English Port a Port a City containing about 4000 Houses is a place of great Trade and Braga Braecaria Augusta of Ptol. Bracara of Ant. and Braecae of Plia is renown'd for the several Councils that have been held there and for the pretension of the Arch-Bishop who claims to be Arch-Bishop of all Trales-Montes is stored with Mines and adorn'd with the City of Braganca the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue wherein there are also fifty little Towns and other Lands which Entitle the Duke of Braganca to be three times a Marquis seven times an Earl and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name who are now in Possession of the Crown usually Resided at Villa Viciosa and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain to sit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain Beyra is fertile in Rye Millet Apples and Chesnuts Her City of Coimbra formerly the Residence of Alphonsus the first King of Portugal who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince since the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to faith Heylin Sapores the Son of Misdales King of Persia whose Father dying left his Mother with Child and the Persian Nobility set the Crown on his Mothers Belly before she was quick came short of him by two years is famous for the University and for the Bishoprick which is reckon'd to be worth above a hundred thousand Livres of Annual Rent Estremadura produces Wine Oyl Salt and Honey which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Roses her City of Lisbon Oliosippon of Ptol. Olisipon of Ant. Olysippo of Solynus and Olysipo of Pliny a Municipium of the Romans sirnamed Faelicitas Julia the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal an Arch-Bishops Sea the Residence of the Vice-Roys a flourishing Empory situated upon five rising Hills upon the right Shore of the River Tagus Tajo incolis about 5 Miles from the Ocean having the advantage of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. It is said to contain 32 Parish-Churches 350 Streets 11000 dwelling Houses 160000 Inhabitants besides Church-men Strangers and Courtiers and with the Suburbs about 7 Miles in compass the Capital City of all the Kingdom one of the fairest richest the biggest and best peopled of Europe The little Town of Belem which is near to it is the Burying-place of many of the Kings of Portugal Santarim is so happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it that the Natives boast that they could make a River of their Oyl as big as Tagus It was the Scabaliscus of Ptol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny sirnamed Praesidium Julium then a Roman Colony and a juridicial Resort named from St. Irene a Nun of Tomar here martyred and enshrined Setubal the Salatia of Ptol. is well situated and well built and is a Town of good Trade it is the best Haven in all the Kingdom 30 Miles long and 3 broad her Salt-pits and her Wines by what the Portuguezes relate bring a greater Revenue to their King than all Arragon to the King of Spain Alen teio passes for the Granary of Portugal by reason of the Corn which it produces The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon In the year 1663 the Portuguezes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable Battel near to this City Elvas is famous for its excellent Oyls and for the Sieges that it has prosperously held out against the Spaniards Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occasioned the Proclaiming the first King of Portugal Portelegre is a Bishops See Beja is supposed to be the Pax Julia of Plin. and Ptol. Algarve tho small in extent it assumes the Title of a Kingdom and was reunited to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonsus the 3d with Beatrice of Castile It produces Eggs Olives Almonds and Wines which are very much esteemed and indeed the word Algerbia in the Language of the Moors signifies a fruitful Champaign Chief Towns are Tavila or Tavira the Balsa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro is seated near the Cuncum Promontorium now Capo St. de Maria. Silves is the ancient Ossonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela the Sonoba of Strabo by the Moors Excuba by the Spaniards Estoy by some Estomber Lagus is seated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape St. Vincent from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Valentia by the persecuted Christians flying the Cruelty of Abderrahman the first King of the Spanish Moors removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand Of Italy ITALIA by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil London ITaly Anglis Italia Incolis Hispanis Italic Gallis Welschlandt Germanis Wolska Zemia Polonis Vloska Sclavonice called also by the Ancients Ausonia Camesena Oenotria Hesperia Janicula Salevmbrona Saturnia c. once Empress of the then known World still the fairest and most delicious Country of Europe After so long time so many Ages elapsed it is not certainly decided who were her first Inhabitants nor whether some one Nation did plant here after the Confusion of Babel or that it was peopled by little and little as several Nations did arrive 't is equally dubious whether it received its general Name at first or whether particular Parts had first their Appellations 'T is certain that several Nations at sundry times did transport themselves thither from Greece and Peopled all the Sea-Coast said to be Janus An. Mun. 1925. after whom came Saturn out of Creet Evander or Oenotrus out of Arcadia with their followers after them arrived some Trojans under the conduct of Aeneas whose kind entertainment by Latinus King of the Latins occasioned the Wars between him and Turnus King of the Rutuli but after the Romans grew Potent all Italy fell under their Subjection until the time of Honorius after which several barbarous Nations viz. Goths Vandals Herules and the Huns passing the Alps over-ran all Italy and divided it into several Kingdoms And when these were ejected or at least subdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor Justinan it was once more united to the Empire till the Empress Sophia envying Narsis Honour recalled him from his Government whereupon he opened the Passage of the Country to Albonius King of the Lombards who possessed themselves of that Country calling it by their own Name Longobardia These were at length subdued by Pepin King of France who was called into Italy by the Bishop of Rome After that the Seat of the Roman Empire being fixed in Germany Italy was reduced into several Parcels and Factions so that the Soveraign Princes thereof at this day are 1. The Pope Pontifex Maximus under whose Dominion are these
Stato del Duca di Parma of Modena Ducatus Mutinensis Stato del Duca di Modena of Mantoua Stato del Duca di Mantoua the Territories of the Venetians Stato di Venetia and the Bishoprick of Trent 2. The middle part wherein are the Dominions or Land of the Church Stato della Chiesa or Ditio Ecclesiae The Estates of the Great Duke of Tuscany or Ditio Magni Ducis Heturiae sou Tuscio And the Commonwealth of Lucca Dominium Reipublicae Lucensis 3ly The Lower in which is the Kingdom of Naples Regno di Napoli 4ly To which we may add a fourth viz. the adjacent Isles Sicilia Sardinia Corsica c. Of Savoy and Piedmont SAVOY and Piedmont by Rob. Morden THE Ancient Inhabitants of this Mountainous Country were generally called by the Name of Allobroges of whom the first mention we find in Story is the Atonement made by Hannibal in his passage this way between Bruneus and his Brother about the Succession of the Kingdom afterwards subdued by the Romans under the several Conducts of C. Domitius Aenobarbus and Qu. Fabius Maxianus After which Coctius one of the Kings of these Allobroges was in special Favour with Augustus Caesar whence it had the Name of Alpes Coctiae and by that Name reduced into the form of a Province by Nero. In the declining of the Roman Empire it became a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and passed with other Rights to the Empire of Germany Amadis the II. Earl of Maurienne was by the Emperor Henry the IV. Invested with the Title of Savoy And Amadis the VIII Created the first Duke by Sigismund Anno 1397. But the main Power and Patrimony of this House was by the Valour of the two Earls Thomas and Peter in the years 1210 and 1256 who got by Conquest a great part of Piedmont to which the Marquisate of Saluces was United by Marriage of the Daughter to Charles Duke of Savoy whose Successors kept Possession of it till Francis the First pretending some Title to it in Right of his Mother a Daughter of the House of Savoy annexed it to the Crown of France from which it was Recovered during the Civil Wars of France by the Savoyards about 1588 by whom 't is still possessed By Reason of the difficult and narrow Ways and those full of Thieves it was once called Malvoy but the Passages being opened by the Industry of the People and purged of Thieves by good Laws it was called Savoy or Salvoy Sabaudia Lat. Savoia Italis La Savoye Gallis It is full of those Mountains which we call by a general Name of Alps though several Branches have their peculiar Names Mount Cenis and little St. Bernard open the two most considerable Passages into Italy 'T is a Country Healthy enough but not very Fruitful except some Valleys which are very fertil and delighful The Common People are Naturally Dull and Simple and unwarlike but the Gentry Civil and Ingenious It passes for the most Noble and primier Dukedom of Christendom the Power and Presence of whose Dukes are the more considerable because Masters of the most part of the Passages out of France into Italy and by the Possession of Piedmont the County of Nice and other Signories Under the name of Savoy are comprehended these six parts Sabaudia propria La Savoye Genevensis Comitatus Le Genevois Mauriana La Maurienne Tarantaisia La Tarantaise Fossiniacum Le Fossigny Cabillicus Tractus Le Chablais Chambery Cambericum Camberiacum or Cameriacum Civaro Cic. teste Caenali Forum Vicontii teste Pineto is the Capital City of the Dukedom and the Residence of a Parliament Fortified with a strong Castle and good Outworks Montmelian Monmelianum is the place of strength with a Cittadel that defends the rest of the Mountains almost inaccessible where they say the Keys of Savoy are Locked up Monstiers Monasterium is an Arch-Bishops See the Civitas Cantorum of Ant. Annecy Annecium was the Residence of the Bishops of Geneve Ripaile was the Retiring place of Felix the IV. before and after his Pontificate that Prince living at peace in such a retirement from business that it became a Proverb To live at Ripaile of those that only took their pleasure and lived at ease Other Places are Cluse Clusae Fannum Sancti Johannis St. Jean in Mauriena Valle. Thonon Thononium or Thunonium Le Bourg St. Morice In the Mountains bordering on this Country and France are the Progeny of the Albigensis which about the year 1100. stood for the Liberty of the Church and the Doctrine of their Predecessors and about the year 1250. they were almost utterly ruined by the Popes and French Kings The remainder preferring their Conscience before their Country retired up into the Mountains and by their Industry and good Husbandry made the very Rocks to bring forth Herbage for their Cattel and here they worshipped God according to the Reformed Churches until the latter end of Francis the First when happend the Massacre of Merinianum or Marignan Gallis and Chabrieres And in the year 1662. and 1663. they were again persecuted and Massacred by the Savoyards Mr. Ray in his Travels of 1663. met with some of the Protestants of Lucern and Angrona at Turin who told him that they were in number about 15000 Souls and 2000 Fighting-men that they dwell in 14 Villages that they are the only Protestants in Italy and have maintained their Religion 1200 years But what hath been done to them since 1684. History is silent Within the Limits of Savoy is the Signory of Geneva about eight Leagues in compass seated on the Lake Lemanus divided into two parts by the Rhosne well fortified and a flourishing University Governed by a Common Council consisting of 200 the four chief whereof are called Sindiques The Church-Government consisteth of Lay-men and Ministers begun by Calvin Anno 1541. Formerly it was the Soveraignty of the Duke of Savoy and therefore mentioned in this place but since the resistance of the great Siege 1589. they have stood on their own Liberty and reckoned a Commonwealth Of Piedmont Piemont Gallis Principatus Pedemontana Lat. Gallia Subalpina Plin. c. IT is now in the possession of the Duke of Savoy The ancient Inhabitants whereof were the Salassi Libyci and Taurini all vanquished by the Romans subdued afterwards by the Lombards of whose Kingdom it remain'd a part till its subversion and then became divided into several Estates till conquered by Thomas and Peter Earls of Savoy in Anno 1481. Possessed after by the French upon pretence of a Title by the aforesaid Marriage after recover'd by the Savoyard Anno 1588. And in the year 1600 compounded with Henry the Fourth the County of Brest being given in Exchange for the Marquisate of Salusse Marchesato di Saluzzo Italis whose chief place is Saluzzo Ital. Saluce Gal. Augusta Vagiennorum Salinae Ptol. of which together with the rest of Piedmont and some places of importance in Montferrat this Family of Savoy do now stand
Monaco Incolis Mourgues Gallis Hercules Monoeci Portus of old is a small but a strong Town seated upon a Rock under its own Prince Gente Grimaldi An. 1641. It received the French Protection Finale is the Polliopice of Ant. teste Siml Oneglia is a Principality under the Duke of Savoy teste Baud. Savona Savo Liv. famous for the Interview of Ferdinand of Spain and Lewis the 12th of France as also for yeilding three Popes to the Church of Rome Vintimiglia Abiniminium Ptol. Albintimilium Tac. Albintemelium Cic. Vintimilium Var. and Albenga Albingaunum Plin. Albigaunum Ptol. both well fortified As for their Government the principal of their Magistrates hath the Name of Duke to whom there are assistant 8 Principal Officers which with the Duke are called the Signeury which is also in matters of greatest concern subordinate to the General Council consisting of 400 Persons all Gentlemen of the City who with the Signeury constitute the whole Body of the Commonwealth Their Forces have been 10000 ready to Arm at any time and 25 Gallies always ready in the publick Arsenal 4 Gallies at Sea to secure their Trade They are now under the Shelter and Protection of the Spaniards Of the Dutchy of Milan Ducatus Mediolanensis Stato de Milano WHose Ancient Inhabitants were the Insubres but is now under the Obedience of the King of Spain seated in the best part of Lombardy rich in Natures gifts and for its wonderful Fertility esteemed the Flower in the Garden of Italy and the Noblest Dutchy in Christendom the ways are there very pleasant set out almost as strait as a Line with channels of running Water and rows of Trees on both sides the most desirable Place to live in that can be seen if the Government were not so excessive severe that there is nothing but Poverty over all this rich Country It s chief City is Milan Mediolanum Strab. Plin. Milatio Ital. Mâ—yland Germ. which tho so often ruined and its Foundations sown with Salt having been Besieged 40 and taken 22 times yet it exalts it self as the fairest and greatest City of all Lombardy seated in a wide Plain environed with several Rivers strongly guarded with a spacious and almost impregnable Castle besides its other Fortifications the Buildings fair and stately three especially very Magnificent its Castle or Cittadel Hospital or Lazarette its Cathedral or Dome here are 36 Monasteries of Nuns 30 Convents of Friers 96 Parochial 11 Collegiat Churches most of which are stately Structures beautified with curious Paintings Images and Sepulchres In the Cabinet of the Chanoine Setalla are â—are Curiosities both of Art and Nature The whole City is about 10 Miles in compass exceeding Populous containing 300000 Inhabitants very Rich having many Families of Nobility and Gentry of great Commerce by reason of its Merchants Shopkeepers and Artificers and a general Staple for all Merchandizes from France Spain and other Parts of Italy and Germany Other Places in Milan are 1 Pavia Papia seu Ticinum made an University by Charles the 4th guarded with a Castle and adorned with the richest Cathedral in Europe worth 300000 Crowns per Annum famous for the Battel in which Francis the first King of France was taken Prisoner by Charles the 5th 2. Alexandria or Alessandria now the strongest Work of the whole Dutchy well fortified against the Assaults and Batteries of the French. 3. Cremena seated on the Banks of the Poe a Place of good Trade its Houses stately its Streets large beautified with curious Gardens famous for its high Tower and Cathedral Church Here Vitellius Soldiers were defeated by the Forces of Vespasian and the Town fired by them Lodi is the Laus Pompeja of the Ancients a Frontier Town but a miserable Garison 20 Miles from Milan in the Venetian Territory Tortona is the Dertona Ptol. Plin. Derton Steph. Derthon or Darthon Strab. taken by the French 1642. after delivered to the Spaniards Novara Crema Mortara are also considerable Her Lakes are Lago Magiore Varbanus Lacus of Strab. in length 300 Stadia 56 Miles and 6 broad with her two Borremean Islands the loveliest Spots of Ground in the World. 2. Lago Del Coma. 3. Lugani Lacus or Lago di Lugano Its Rivers are Ollius now Oglio River Abdua now Adde River Lambrus fl hodie Lambro River Ticinus fl now Tesine River which runs with such a force that in 3 hours with one Rower Dr. Burnet was carried 30 Miles Sencia fl or Scesia River 4. Coma or Comum where the Plinies were born on the South of the Lago de Coma aforesaid a Lake 48 Miles in length Laricus Lacus Strab. Plin. Of Modena THE Dukedom of Modena Ducatus Mutinensis Stato del Duca di Modena contains the Cities of Modena and Reggio with the Territories adjoining to them Modena the Capital City anciently better known by the name of Mutina famous for the first Battel between Antony and Augustus Caesar Now the Residence of their Duke whose Palace tho not outwardly Great yet is richly adorned within whose Cabinet or Museum is well furnished with choice of natural Rarities Jewels c. Brissello Brixellum Plin. Ptol. famous for the Death of Otho the Roman Emperor who here Slew himself because his Army was unfortunately Vanquished by Vitellius Reggio Regium Lepedi a Place that has occasioned great Stirs between the Popes and the old Dukes of Ferrara Here are many Sculptors both for Ivory and Wood. Of Parma THe Dukedom of Parma Ducatus Parmensis or il Ducato di Parma is much of the same Nature for Soyl and Air as Modena It s chief City Parma is seated in a Fruitful Plain 5 Miles distant from the Appennine about 4 Miles in compass adorned with many rich and stately Structures very Populous and well inhabited by Gentry who are much addicted to Learning Arts and Arms the grounds about this City are of excellent Pastorage which feed abundance of Sheep Here is made the curious Parmasan Cheese so much esteemed throughout all Europe The Duke hath here his Palace a place of great Delight and State its Churches are beautiful and rarely Embellished with Pictures and Images 2. Piacenza or Placentia famous for the Resistance which it made both to Hannibal and Asdrubal now renowned for its Fairs quarterly kept which all Italy Germany and other Countries do frequent and here make their Exchanges The River Trebia was witness to the overthrow or the Romans by Hannibal Of the Dutchy of Mantua THe Dukedom of Mantua Ducatus Mantuanus Ducato di Mantoua Italis is a Country plentiful in Corn Pasture Wines and all sort of Fruit Mantoua the chief City is seated in a Lake 20 Miles in compass by Nature very strong and well fortified having no entrance but over Cawsies The Dukes Palace is fair and stately and the best furnished in all Italy except his Palace at Mirmirolla 5 Miles from the City which for the Pleasures and Delights thereof and for its rich Furniture and beautiful Gardens may acceptably
entertain the best Prince in Christendom Mantoua is of great Antiquity Schottus saith 't is 4 Miles in compass hath 8 Gates and about 50000 Souls It was miserably attacked by the Germans 1619. and by the Emperor Ferdinand 2d's Army in the year 1630. The Dukes yearly Revenue is said to be 400000 Crowns yet the present Duke is very poor being indebted to the Venetians as Leti saith four Millions of Crowns There are besides four or five small Princes but Soveraign Lords viz. Novellara Guastella Bozolo Sabionetta whose male-line is failed Castiglione and Solfare As also of the Estate of the Dutchy of Montferrat which doth in part belong to the Duke of Mantua the other part to the Duke of Savoy as aforesaid Of the States of Venice THE Demeasnes of the Venetians are very full of Rivers Lakes and Channels 't is a Republique of above 1200 years standing and the Bulwark of Christendom against the Turks The chief City is Venice or Venetia Seated at the bottom of the Adriatick Sea or Gulf of Venice built on 72 Islands distant from the main Land about five miles and defended from the fury of the Sea by a Bank of some say 60 others 35 miles in length open in seven places which serve for passages for Boats or Gondola's of which there are 1300 but for Ships or Vessels of great burden the only passage is at Malamocco and Castle Lido which are strongly fortified it is about eight miles in compass having about 4000 Bridges of which that of the Rialto is the chief built over the Grand Canal The Lagunes or Shallows of Venice sink of late so much that the preserving it still an Island is like to become as great a charge to the Venetians as the keeping out of the Sea is to the Dutch. It s Arsenal is the most beautiful the biggest and the best furnished in all Europe being about two miles in Circuit where they always keep 200 Gallies with all Materials for War. It s Magazine of all sorts of Engines and Arms for Sea and Land among which are 1000 Coats of Plates garnished with Gold and covered with Velvet But above all its Church of St. Mark Reported to be the fairest and richest in all the World a Church of Admirable Mosaick Work with Pillars of Marble Porphyry c. and for the inside the Riches of it are so great the Images Tombs c. so glorious the Altars so adorned with Gold Silver Pearls and Precious Stones that all the Treasury of the State may seem to be amassed in the Decking of it In this City are 200 particular Palaces built of Marble adorned with Columns Statues Pictures c. of great Value of such Grandeur as that they are fit to Lodg and give Entertainment to any Prince 17 Rich Hospitals 56 Tribunals or Courts of Justice 67 Parish-Churches 26 Monasteries of Nuns 54 Convents of Friers 18 Chappels 6 Free Schools and its Piazza's sumptuously adorned with Statues Paintings c. As for the Religion of this State though they Tolerate that of the Greek Church they profess that of the Church of Rome but with Caution and Respect to their own Authority Of their Forces some estimate may be made by the Arms they brought against Lewis the XII where they had 2000 Men of Arms 3000 Light Horse and 30000 Foot most of their own Subjects without any Detachments from their Forts or Garisons And a signal Evidence of their Power at Sea was their great Fleet set out against the Grand Signior for the War of Cyprus Anno 1570. in which they Manned out one great Gallion 11 great Gallies 25 tall Ships and 150 Gallies of lesser size To sum up all they once held a War for seven years together against all the Princes of Europe except England in all which time they neither wanted Men nor Money We may conclude therefore That as Europe is the Head of the World and Italy the Face of Europe so Venice is the Eye of Italy the fairest strongest and most Active part in that Powerful Body The Annual Revenues of this Republick according to Mr. Rays information was about five Millions and 300 and 20000 Venetian Duckets yearly Other Cities with their Territories belonging to the State of Venice are the pleasant Vicenza or Vicentia the Healthy Populous and Fruitful Brescia Brixia The strong Fortresses Crema six miles of which is the famous Cave of Custoza 4000 Foot long and 3000 broad and three miles in Circuit with its stately Temple Sancta Maria della Cruce and Bergamo The pleasant Physick-University Padoua Padua the Patavium of the Ancients built by Antenor and is famous for the Birth of Livy Zabarel and Maginus noted for the Civility of the Men and Chastity of the Women with its Garden of Simples Tarvisium Trevigi with its excellent Wheat Verona with its Hill Baldus Famous for Medicinal Herbs The Territory of Friuli where is the well fortified Palma Feltre and Belluno The Territory of Istria Istrie Gall. Hystereich Germ. where is Triest or Tergestum Petana now Pedena belonging to the Emperor Citta Nova or Aemonia Parenzo Parentum and Pola Rovigo once belonging to the Dukedom of Ferrara with Chioggia the Bulwark of Venice Besides all these the State of Venice commands a great part of Dalmatia with the Islands Corfu Cephalonia Ithaca Zant Cithera and others The Isle of St. Maure and the strong Prevesa were in the year 1685. conquered from the Turks The Bishoprick of Trent which belongs to its proper Bishop is in the Protection of the House of Austria It s chief City of the same Name is Inhabited by Italians and Germans and is Famous for the Council held there But of this we have Treated of more at large in the Description of Tirol in Germany Of the Estates of the Church or Pope THE Second part of Italy according to our Method contains the Estates of the Church of Tuscany and Lucca The Territories of the Church are the more considerable because the Pope to whom they belong is a Spiritual as well as a Temporal Prince Chief and Sovereign Pontifex as he styles himself of all Christendom Patriarch of Rome and of the West Primate and Hexarch of Italy Metropolitan of the Suffragan-Bishops of Rome and Bishop of St. John Lateran The chief City is Rome formerly the Capital City of the most considerable Empire in the World Mistress of the fairest part of the Universe Famous for her great Men that excelled in Valour Justice and Temperance The Seat of Kings Consuls and Emperors said to have been 50 miles in compass and her Walls Fortified with 750 Towers But now not having the Moiety of its former pristine splendor and Magnitude scarce containing 11 miles in circuit yet few Cities can compare with her if we consider her Antiquity her Churches her Palaces and other Curiosities Here was the Capitol saved from the Fury of the Gauls by the Cackling of Geese It was twice burnt once in the Civil Wars of Marius
a famous City of that name within its Confines and Aegialea from Aegialus a famous King of the Syconians Apollodorus and Pliny calls it Apia from Apis the third King of the Argives Son of Aegialus and also Pelasgia Afterwards it had the Name of Peloponnesus from Pelops the Son of Tantalus King of Phrygia and Taygeta now Morea As to its Bigness Authors disagree Isodore allows it 363 miles in Circuit Bourdon 563. Porchacchi 573. Bleau Sagredo and Vianoli makes it 600. Baudrand 550. Strabo makes the length 1400 Stadia Sagredo makes it 170 miles from the Isthmus to Modon Baudrand makes it 150 from Corinth to Tenarium Prom. and from C. Schilli to C. Tornese 175. It was by Ptolomy and others divided into eight parts Achaia Propria Arcadia Argia Corinthia Elis Laconia Messenia and Sicyonia Pomponius Mela divided it in but six of those parts he left out Corinthia and Siconia Morri and Baudranel make four Divisions viz. Ducatus Clarentiae the Dutchy of Clarence or Chiarenza which comprehends Achaia Propria Sicymia and Corinthia 2. Belvedera which contains Elis and Messenia 3. Sacâ—ania or the lesser Romania containing the ancient Argia or Argos 4. Traconia comprehending Laconia and Arcadia Places most Famous are 1. Patras an Arch-Bishoprick known to the Romans by the Name of Augusta Aroe Patrensis called also Neupatria by the Turks now Badra and Balabutra teste Leunc Memorable for the Death of St. Andrew the Apostle and now a Town of good Trade in Raw Silks Leather Honey Wax Wool Cheese and Currants Situate near the Strait which openeth into the Bay of Corinth now Lepanto a Strait Fortified on both sides with two Castles by Bajazet to secure the Entrance of the Bay taken by Andrew Doria 1571. Recovered by Solyman the Magnificent July 1687. abandoned by the Turks and possessed by the Venetians Chiarenza the Cyllene of Plin. Ptol. Thucy teste Soph. Antravida Nig. But Brietas will have Dyme olim Stratos Cauconia to be Clarenza once the Capital City of that Dutchy now some slight Traces of it are all that is visible Six miles from the Cape Tornese Chelonates Prom. Strab. and is the Castle or Fortress of Torneze now by the Turks Clemouzzi teste Wheel Clemontii Coronelli Pylas of Strab. Thucyd. c. Abarinus Ptol. Nelea Homero teste Paus Coryphasium teste Steph. Navarino Soph. Zonichia Leunct now Zunchio or Navarin 10 miles distant from Coron is famous for its Port where 2000 Vessels may ride at Anchor about five miles long and three broad having an Island lying before it on the right hand it is guarded with a strong Castle called New Naverin on the other hand stands old Navarin formerly called Pylus Modon 10 miles from Coron by the Turks Matum by Plin. Methone its Situation by Nature and Art makes it strong having a safe and commodious Haven taken first by the Venetians in the year 1124. In the year 1498. it was taken by Bajazet with a great Slaughter And in the year 1685. retaken by the Venetians Coron once Pedusus Nisi Laurenb Epea Paus hath a strong and advantageous Situation on the right side of Cape Gallo the Acritus Prom. of the Ancients taken by Bajazet 1498. Taken again by General Doria 1533. but soon again returned to the Turkish yoke But in the year 1685. after the defeat of the Turkish Camp and a vigorous resistance it was taken by assault with a dreadful slaughter of all the Inhabitants by the Venetians who found 128 Pieces of Cannon of which 66 were Brass Calamata the Abaea Ptol. Thuria Aepea Strab. teste Soph. but Abaea is Chioris Mol. And the Thurium of Ptol. Thyrea Plin. is now Cumestra teste Mol. The Thalame of Strab. Paus Theramne Plin. Therapnae Solino Mela teste Gemistro But Niger will have Thalame to be Basilopotamo or Vasilipotamo and Mol. will have it Borboliza It is seated at the bottom of the Bay of Coron about a mile from the Sea on the Bank of the River Pamisus of Strabo Stromio Niger defended with a strong Castle with Regular Fortifications taken by the Venetians 1685. Nigh to which is the Lake Lerna where Hercules slew the Monster Hydra as also Mount Tenarus where was the Cave called the descent of Hell out of which he drew the Dog Cerberus and Naemea was the place where he slew the dreadful Lion. As was also Zarnata a Fortress much favoured by Nature but much more by Art which was delivered up to General Morosini in sight of the Captain Bassa with a numerous and powerful Army who dared not to attempt its succour Chielefa is a Fortress of great importance for its advantages of Nature and Art seated upon a steep Rock a mile and half from the Sea of a Quadrangular Figure Flanked with five great Towers not far from the place where once Vitulo stood It surrendred to the Venetians 1686. Passova is a Fortification seated in the Province of Maina opposite to Chielefa and Port Vitulo yielded to the Venetians 1685. without a stroke and demolished As also the Fortress of Maina built where once stood the ancient Cersapolis by the Ottomans called Turcotogli Olimienas by the Greeks Castro di Maina by the Turks Monige demolished in the year 1570. Mysitra Seated in a large Plain full of small Villages Olive and Mulberry-Trees about 25 miles from the Sea the Mountain Taygetus commands it on the West once Sparta then Lacedaemon once one of the most famous of the Grecian Cities now shrunk to a little Town scarcely shewing any Remains of its former Glory Historians do not agree who was its first Founder some say it was Spartus the Son of King Amiclas others the Princess King Lacedaemons Wife who was called Sparta some affirm it was Cecrops and others attribute it to Spartus the Son of Phoroneus King of Argos Contemporary with the Patriarch Jacob and make it older than Rome 983 years The Castle is so advantageously seated that Histories assures us it was never taken In the year 1687. surrendred to the Venetians Malvasia the Epidaurus Limera Monembasia of the Ancients has a very advantageous Situation in a little Isle on a Rock washed by the waves of the Archipelagus yet enjoying several Sources of sweet clear Springs inaccessible on all sides but one place which is defended with a thick triple Wall and joyned to the main Land by a Wooden Bridg having a very spacious Port and well defended yet though its Scituation renders it almost invincible yet by its ill fortune it hath undergone several Changes Taken from the Greek Emperors by the French and Venetians Anno 1204. In the year 1537. it was taken by Solyman and during the Wars of Candia it was attacked by the Venetians and taken who demolished the Fort and left it There is another Epidauras in Argia called Esculapia Soph. famous for the Temple of Aesculapius Pigiada Nigro Cherronisi Soph. Napoli di Romania amongst the Celebrated Cities once the
Jewels of Spices of Silks and other costly Commodities which are brought thither by Sea and Land and from thence sent into other Parts of the World by the Port of Alexandretta or Scandaroon 3. Hamah Leuncl Hamous Bellon Aman aliis Damant in mappa Bleau is the Apamea or Apamia of the Ancients built by Seleucus and so called from the Name of his Wife seated in the midst of a great Plain encompassed with pleasant Hills abounding in Corn and Wine Its Orchards stored with Variety of Fruits and Palm-Trees Its Gardens watered with many Chanels drawn from the Orontes 4. Hams Hemz Turcis Haman Bell. Chemps Postel I. Kydo Camalu Nigro is the Emisa Euseb Emissa Ptol. Hemesa Plin. for pleasant Situation much as the same with Hamah 5. Seleucia built near the Mouth of Orontes by Seleucus esteemed the greatest City-Builder in the World viz. 9 of his own Name 16 in memory of his Father Antiochus 6 bearing the Name of his Mother Laodicea and 3 in remembrance of his Wife Apamoea besides several others either built repaired or beautified by him It had the Surname of Pieria called also Soldin Nig. Seleuche-Jolber Leone Sidonienfi 6. Zeugma seated on the Banks of the River Euphrates where Alexander the Great passed over on a Bridge of Boats. 7. Samosatha Seempsat L. Sidoniensi near the Banks of the Euphrates over which there was a Bridge for a passage into Mesopotamia here was born Lucian and Paulus Samosatenus Patriarch of Antioch who was condemned for Heresie 8. Palmira Amagara Ortel Fayd Sans seated near the Desart of Arabia famous for Zenobia who stood in opposition with Gallienus for the Empire of the East but was taken Prisoner and led in Triumph through Rome by Aurelian 9. Adada is memorable for the Victory that Aretus King of Arabia obtained against Alexander King of Jewry 10. Damascus Damasco Europaeis Sciam Minad Scham incolis Leuncl Damas Gallis once the chief City of Syria and one of the most ancient in all Asia seated near the River Chrysorrhoas Pharphar Hebraeis Adegele Bell. Farfar Ferne Gist in a Soil so fertile in Gardens Orchards and Vineyards a place so pleasant with Rivers and Fountains so surfeiting of Delights so ravishing with Pleasures that some have called it The Paradise of the World famous for the Temple of Zacharias garnished with 40 stately Porches and adorned with about 9000 Lanthorns of Gold and Silver Ruined and destroyed by the Persians Macedonians Romans Parthians Saracens Tartars by the Soldans of Egypt and by the Turks After the Battel of Issus Alexander the Great found in Damas 200600 Talents of coined Mony and 500 Talents uncoined Laudicha Laodicea Cic. Strab. Plin. Laodice Polyb. so called from Laodice the Wife of Antiochus and Mother of Seleucus surnamed Cabiosa called Lizza Lyche Minad Olivario 100 Miles from Damascus There was also another Laodicea Ptol. upon the Sea-Coast 30 Miles from Antioch West Rhamata Hebraeis Lyche incolis teste Mol. Beritus now Barutti or Berite once much frequented by Merchants and others near which is that noted Valley where as it is said St. George by killing the Dragon redeemed the King's Daughter Biblus now Gibbeleth was the Habitation of Cinivas the Father of Myrrha Mother to the fair Adonis from whom the Neighbouring River took its Name once a Bishops See now desolate I had almost forgot Alexandretta or Scanderone the Sea-port of Aleppo a confused heap of paltry Houses inhabited by the Greeks who keep Fudling Schools for the Mariners and other meaner sort of the People only the dwellings of the Vice-Consuls are very convenient But Tavernier saith They must be Men who love Money that accept of those Employments for the Air like that at Ormus is so bad in Summer especially that if it doth not kill yet they cannot avoid very dangerous Distempers And after some stay there to remove to a better Air is to endanger their Lives But Auri sacra fames Of MESOPOTAMIA THE Padan Aram of the Scripture Yrakin by the Persians Jazeirey by the Arabians Meredin by the Arminians by the Turks Diarbeck is a Peninsula between the Euphrates and Tygris on the West South and East and on the North the Mountains separate it from Turcomania the South part desart and barren the Northern part abounding with Corn and Wine A Country memorable for the Birth of Abraham and Rebecca the long Abode of Jacob and the Birth of his Children the Original of the Hebrew Nation Successively subjected to the Babylonians Assyrians Medes and Persians from them Conquer'd by the Romans Recover'd again by the Persians then sell into the power of the Sarazens and now enslaved under the Turks Orpha or Ourfa is the ancient Edesa Edessa Ptol. Plin. Edesa Strab. Erech by the Hebrews and Rages as Villanovanus tells us Orpha by Paulus Jovius Rotas by Haithonus Rhoas Rhoa Niger Orfa by P. Gyllius Rohai al. Orrhoai Arab. The Capital City of Mesopotamia where they dress the Yellow Cordovant Skins the Blue at Tocat the Red at Diabeker Carrha known to the Romans for the death of wealthy Crassus Orfa Baud. Heren Nig. Sans Dr. Leonard Ronwolf who in Anno 1575. was at Haran tells us it was then called Ophra 11 days Journy or 232 Miles from Mosul or Ninive That it was a fair City well inhabited and richly furnished with Merchandize but especially with fair Coverlets of divers Colours Tavernier and Thuenot tell us That Ourfa is built where stood the ancient Edessa memorable in the Church History for the Story of Abagarus and in Roman History for the death of the Emperor Caracalla and by the Report of the Inhabitants the place where Abraham lived So that Havan Edessa Carrha and Orfa seem to me to be all the same City The Walls of the City are of Free Stone with Battlements and Towers but Ruinous within upon the South-side there is a Castle upon a Hill with some old pitiful Guns The City is governed by a Bashaw Diarbeker or Diarbequir is also the Caramit or Caremu Carahemit Turcis teste Leuncl the Amida of Procop. Ammaea Ptol. Hemit incolis olim Constantia dicta teste Baud. Zoriga Molet seated near the Tygris a Frontier Town of great Strength the Seat of a Turkish Basha containing two or three fair Piazza's and a magnificent Mosque formerly a Christian Church 'T is well peopled containing by Report 2000 Christians â…” Armenians the rest Nestoreans and some few Jacobites Famous for its Red Marroquins surpassing in Colour all others in the last as also for excellent Wine and good Bread. Bi r or Birigeon is seated on the Euphrates upon the Brow of a Hill Plenty of Bread Wine and Fish Sharmely Tav Tcharmelick Thev is a very good Town with a fair Inn and very good Baths round about it near which is a Mountain on the top whereof is a Fortress with a Garison which the Grand Visier in the Year 1631. after his loss at Bagdat intended to have
Bagdat Tygris Hidekel Ebraeis Tegil Castal Pinero Diglath Josepho descends from the Georgian Mountains falls into divers Lakes loses itself divers times in the Earth cuts through the Mountains separates Mesopotamia from Assyria washes the Ruines of Niniveh receives the Branches of the Euphrates and diseharges itself into the Persian Gulph Phasis or Fassa hath its Head in the same Mountain with the Euphrates and runs its Course towards the North and after it hath passed 100 Bridges falls into the Euxian Sea. Araxes Arass Achlar Leunc Cajacz Thev runs Eastward and joins itself with Kur or Cyrus whose Rise or Spring is from the other side of the Mountain Mingol and then falls into the Caspian Sea. Since these Rivers have here their Springs Sanson tells us That if there yet remains any marks by which we may discover the place where the Terrestrial Paradise was placed it was rather in this Country than in any other But Sir John Chardin makes the River Phasis to arise from the Caucasus Mons about 350 Miles distant and to run South into the Pontus Euxinus The Armenians are generally of a healthy strong and robustious Bodies their Countenance commonly grave their Features well proportioned and of comely Personage but of a Melancholy and Saturnine Air. In their Humors Covetous and Sordid Heady and Obstinate of a dull and stupid Apprehension unless in Merchandize and Trade Yet 't is observed That those that are brought up in other Countries are of a more acute Understanding pleasing and merry in Behaviour but the Women are commonly ill shaped long nosed and not so much as tolerably handsom Ric. Armenia was conquered in the Year 1515. by Selimus the First and annexed to the Ottoman Dominions yet the Armenians pretend they cannot be made Slaves by reason of certain Priviledges which their Predecessors obtained from Mahomet when they assisted him to settle his Empire upon which consideration most of the Merchants of Turky go by the name of Armenians The Armenian Church is Ruled by four Patriarchs the chief of which resides at Etchmeasen Ric. Ecs-miazin Chard Changlee Chilse by the Turks or Ouch Chilse from the Three Churches which are there built in a Triangle about two or three Leagues from Rivan or Erivan The chief Places now are Erzirum Theodosiopolis P. Gillio Sinera Minadaio Aziris aliis a Frontier Town and Great Thorough Fare the Residence of a Basha The Houses are ill built of Wood without any Order or Proportion where are some Remains of Churches Tavineer tells us That though it be very cold yet Barley grows there in 40 days and Wheat in 60. Erez after Garisoned by Mustapha was taken by Storm and was Witness of Emirhamz first Contest with the Turks Cars Carse or Charsa Leunc a large City but thin peopled seated in a good Soil the Rendezvous of the Grand Signior's Army A days Journy from Kars are to be seen the Ruines of a great City called Anikagee strongly situated in a Mersh Tav Rivan or Erivan is seated in a plentiful Country now belonging to the Sultan of Persia being taken by Sha Sefi who put all the Garison to the Sword. 'T is famous for its Trade of Silks and plenty of Wine not far from this City are to be seen the Ruines of the ancient Artaxata the Seat of the ancient Kings of Armenia teste Tavernier So that Teflis in Georgia cannot be the Artaxata of the Ancients as in our Geographical Dictionaries Nassivan or Nachavan the Nexuana of Ptol. according to the opinion of the Armenians is the most ancient City of the World three Leagues from Mount Ararat the place where Noah lived after he came out of the Ark. There is seen the Ruines of a great Mosque which they say was one of the most stately Buildings in the World erected in memory of Noah's burying place In the Canderan Plains not far from Nassivan was fought a memorable Battel betwixt the Turks and Persians where both the Emperors Selym and Ismael were present Van the Artemita Plin. Artemitta Strab. Artemidita Ptol. is a great City upon the side of the wide Lake Arcissa or Arsanias now Lake de Vastan seated on the Top of a high Mountain and is the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Betlis by some said to be the Tigranocerta of Plin. Tac. belongs to a Bey or Prince of the Country who neither acknowledges the Grand Segnior nor the Persian Sultan It is situate between two high Mountains guarded with a Castle and Draw-Bridge The Bey besides the strength of his Passes is able to bring above 25000 Horse besides Foot into the Field Near this place the Persians obtained a great Victory over the Turks in which were slain five Sanziacks 800 Janizaries 20000 Soldiers 40 pieces of Cannon taken and Solyman's Seraglio in which were Beauties he not a little doted on when Ebrahim Bassa was strangled by a Mute Old Julpha or Zulfa was the ancient Habitation of the Armenians which Sha Abbas carried into Persia and is thought to be the Ariammene of the Ancients Astabat a League from the Aras the onely Country that produceth the Ronas Root whose use is to dye Red and for which there is a vast Sale all over Persia and India Marante is famous for the burying place of Noah's Wife Sophiana is more like a Forest than a City The Convent of St. Stephens near Naksivan was the retiring place of St. Matthew and St. Bartholomew in the time of their Persecution a noted place for Devotion Of GEORGIA Between the Black Sea and the Caspian lies Georgia so called by the Grecians from the word Georgoi which signifies Husbandmen Some will have this Name derive itself from that of St. George the Patron Saint of all the Christians of the Greek Church Under the general Name whereof we comprehend Mingrelia Gurgistan Zuiria and Comania Provinces which the ancient Romans could not subdue by reason of the ruggedness of the Mountains which were known to the Ancients by the Name of Caucasus made famous by the Fable of Prometheus Mingrelia with Avogasia are the same with Colchis or little more Famous for the Amours of Jason and Medea and for the Conquest of the Golden Fleece by the Argonauts Gurgistan is the ancient Iberia Zuiria answers to the ancient Albania and Comania or Carcassia composeth some part of the Asiatic Sarmatia on the South of Don. The ancient Kingdom of Colchis was not so small as now 't is reckoned when it extended from the Palus Maeotis as far as Iberia whose Capital City was also so called where our modern Geographers place Fasso The Corax and Phasis famous Rivers in ancient History now called Codours and Rione serve for its Bounds in Length 110 Miles in Breadth about 60. It is now divided into three parts viz. Mingrelia Guriel and Imiretta Mingrelia Odische Incolis is a Country full of Hills and Mountains Vallies and Plains almost covered with Woods The Air is temperate but very moist and unwholsom in regard of
But generally their Armies now adays consist not of above 50 or 60000 Horse besides 30000 which are always kept upon the Frontiers The Militia is divided into three sorts which are the Corschis generally called Kesel-Bashi or Red-heads in Number about 22000 all good Soldiers and Horsemen The second sort the Goulams or Slaves Renegado Georgians who are about 18000 being also Horsemen The third sort are the Tafenkgis who are composed of Men taken from the Plough as most fit for Labor they are Footmen arm'd with a Scimiter and a Musquet The Persians especially the Rich are much less subject to Sickness than the Europeans nor are they much troubled with the Pox for the dry Air of the Country is an Enemy to it besides they go often to the Bath to sweat out the Venom of that Distemper for as for any method of Physick they have none Diet is the chief Remedy which the Physicians prescribe in all Diseases and account most sovereign They divide the Natural Day into four parts from Sun-rising to Noon from Noon to Sun-set from Sun-set to Midnight and from Midnight till Sun-rise and in the Vulgar Computation of Time make use of Lunar Months which they always begin from the first Appearance of the New Moon But in their Astronomical Accounts they make use of Solar Months The first Month begins upon the 11th of our March the day of the Vernal Equinox being the first day of their year upon which day if a Persian hath not mony to buy him a new Habit he will mortgage his own Body to have one The Persians betroth their Children very young at nine or ten years and among the Armenians some are married and lie together at five or six their Law allows them but four Wives but they may have as many hired Women as they please and may also enjoy their Slaves whom they purchase the Children both of the one and of the other are accounted Lawful and inherit all alike The Nobility of the Persians is founded upon their being descended from Mahomet and these have the Title of Mir or Prince and the Daughters that of Mirza or Princess The Persians wear Red Turbants the Tartars of Giagatay Green ones The Turkish Turbants are White and the Greeks Blue And as they are thus distinguish'd in the Colours of their Turbants so if we regard the natural Enmities of Nations we shall find as great an Antipathy between the Turks and Persians as there is between the Chineses and Japanners the Armenians and Nestorians the Arabians and Abassines the French and Spaniards the Italians and Greeks the Germans and Polanders the Danes and Suedes or the Moscovites and Tartars The Capital City of all Persia is Ispahan built by Arsaces who enlarged the Parthian Dominions and called Dara afterwards Aspadara also Nymzamena by Ben. Jonas Hagistan Clu. Asbahawn by the Arabian Geographer Saphaon Mandevel Spahawn Herb. Spahan Aspachan Izpaan and Hispahan in some Maps and Authors 537 Miles from the Persian Sea 360 from the Caspian 450 from Babylon and 870 from Candahor By which last distance agreeing very near with what Tavenier makes it viz. 390 Agats every Agat being a Province League I find Persia is at least 3 or 400 Miles too much in length in most Maps and in some much more As it is the Residence of the Persian King and in the Centre of his Empire Noble as seated on a vast Plain which extends three ways 15 or 20 Leagues Fair and pleasant for Air healthy considering her Palaces Stately her Gardens Delicious and Fragrant her Piazza's and the Wealth of her Bazars or publick Market places Rich and populous only the Streets are narrow and dark annoyed with Loads of Ordure and Filth in the Summer dusty and in the Winter miry Zulpha or Jelphey Herb. is a little City separated from Ispahan by the River Sonderou and is a Colony of Armenians who enjoy Lands and great Priviledges They have 15 or 16 Churches and Chapels and no Mahometans may live amongst them Schiras Sherazz à Persis Schirasium Baud. Sheraz Herb. Syaphas Ben Jonas Xirias Don Garcias Zyras P. Venet. Cirecatha Steph. Cyropolis Muslaedini-Saddi A City no less ancient than great according to that Proverb Quando Schiras erat Schiras tunc Cairus erat ejus pagus and is now the second City for Magnificence in the Persian Monarchy pleasantly seated at the end of a spacious Plain circumvolved with lofty Hills enriched by Trade made lovely by Art. The Palaces rise so amiably the Mosques and Hummums with their caerulean Tiles and gilded Vanes amongst the Cypresses so glitter by reflecting the Sun-Beams in a curious splendor The Vineyards Gardens Cypresses Sudatories and Temples ravishing the Eye and Smell so that in every part she appears fair and delightful Here Cyrus the most excellent of Heathen Princes was born and here his Body all but his Head which was sent to Pisagard lies entombed Here the great Macedonian glutted his Avarice and Bacchism Here the first Sybil sung our Saviour's Incarnation And here a Series of 200 Kings have swayed their Scepters The Government of Schiras is one of the highest Commands for a Subject and is particularly famous for the most excellent Wines in all Persia Tavernier tells us That now it looks rather like a Town half ruined than a City And that there is a wonderful Well which is 15 years rising to the Top and 15 years falling or sinking to the Bottom Persepolis by the Greek and Latin Authors Elamis by the Persians and Oriental Nations when in its Perfection was the Metropolis of the World Totius Orbis Splendor when in its flourishing condition saith D. Siculus and Q. Curtius the Richest the Noblest and the Loveliest City under the Sun so beautiful and so stately in its Structure being most of Cedar and Cypress Wood the Order of Building so curious and regular as it was in that Age justly styled The Glory of the World. The Success Antiochus Epiphanes had at Jerusalem when he sacrilegiously ravished ten Tuns of Gold made him march to Persepolis with an Army in hopes of getting the greatest Exchequer in the World for though Babylon and Shushan were very Rich the one furnishing the Macedonian Victor with 50000 Talents the other with 9 Millions of Gold and 50000 Talents in Bullion yet in Persepolis there was found 120000 Talents or according to Strabo 32 Millions 750000 Pounds Time would fail me to mention the lofty Palace of the Persian Emperors which for Situation Prospect Richness in Materials and Curiosity of Art rendred it incomparable of that Majesty and Splendor as put the World's Conqueror into amazement at his entrance thereinto But alas this rich and famous City yea the Palace also was at a drunken Feast in a debauched Humor by the Instigation of Thais and at the Command of Alexander set all on Fire an Act which the great Prince would have quenched with his Tears but preceding Mischiefs are not amended by succeeding Lamentations But of
the Mausolea the Temple dedicated to Anaia or Diana and of the Ruines of it at this day called Chilmanor or Chehelminor Vide Herbert's Travels Comeshaw where Sir R. Shirley was once Commander thought to be the Caunaxa where the memorable Battel betwixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus his Brother was fought Others think it the same which Pliny called Paradona or Orebatys of Ptol. Near Gheez is a narrow Strait the Mountains on either side are very precipitous and vastly high not more than 40 Yards broad and 8 Miles long and is one of the three noted Passages through the Mountain Taurus which leads to Hircania through this Strait the fair Amazonian came to Alexander Periscow Herb. Firuseuch Val. is noted for the abundance of Pheasants and other Game for Hawking Asharaff Herb. Escref de Val. is about two Miles from the Caspian Sea in Latitude 38 degrees 17 minutes due North from Ispahan Here Sha Abbas gave Audience to Sir Dodmore Cotton the English Ambassador and is but 5 Miles from Ferrabaut the Hircanian Metropolis Ferrabaut or Estrabut upon the Caspian Sea some take this for the Remains of the old Amarusa some for the Socanda Ptol. others suppose it to be the Phraata which Marcus Antonius besieged when he invaded Media to be revenged for the death of Crassus the Rich who with 30000 of his Men were slain by Phraartes the Paâ—â—hian Omoul by some Zarama by others Zadracarta where Alexander refreshed his Army in the persuit of Bessus the infamous Bactrian others think it to be the Remains of Nabarca where the Oracle of Dreams was famoused The Inhabitants observe six or seven several Sabbaths At Damaon the Jews inhabit in great Numbers having as they report been seated ever since the Transplantation from Canaan by Salmanasser 〈◊〉 2 Kings 17.6 And also say that upon the Damoan Mountain Noah's Ark rested Tyroan seems to be the Rhazunda of Strab. a City of about 3000 Houses The Women are lovely and curious in Novelties but the Jealousie of the Men confines them yet vetitis rebus gliscit voluntas Susa or Shushan everywhere famoused was one of the three Royal Palaces â—he Median Monarchs so much gloried and delighted in was the place where Ahashuâ—rus kept his Court and some other Kings Alexander there espoused Statyra the Persian Princess and Daughter of Darius and Ephestion her Sister Here he made a Feast for 9000 Guests to each of which he gave a Cup of Gold. Here he got 50000 Talents in Silver and 9000000 Millions of coined Gold now Valdac or Baldach P. Venet. Sustra Cast. Souster Sans seated upon the River Choaspis a River of such account with the Persian Emperors that no Water but of Choaspis no Bread but from Assos in Phrygia no Wine but the Chalybâ—nian in Syria no Salt but from Memphis in Egypt could please their Palates It was called Ulai in David Eulaeus Plin. Tiritiri Sans Here Cyrus the Great entertained his most beautiful Parthea Here Alexander gave 10000 Talents to pay the Debts of those that had a mind to return into Greece and received a Recruit of 30000 young Soldiers Here it was also that Esther obtain'd so much favor for the Jews and where Haman was hang'd in the place of Mâ—rdecoi It is related that the Palace of Susa built by Darius was enriched by Memnon with the Spoil of the great Thebes in Egypt and that the Stones were fastned with Gold. Next to Persepolis it was reckoned one of the most sumptuous Fabricks of the Kings of Persia but this City is now waste and desolate Congo or Bander Corgo is a City upon the Gulph of Balsara not much unlike Toulon in Provence It rose from the Ruines of Ormus as well as Gombron and there is a Custom-house of which the Persians and Portugueses divide the Profit Laar Corrha Ptol. Laodicea Pynetus Seleucia Elymiadis Appian Lara Baud. Laar P. Venet. gives its Name to a certain piece of silver Mony coined there and contains above 4000 Houses and a little Cittadel Some believe it to be the ancient Pasagardes where the Grand Cyrus vanquished Astyages and translated the Empire of the Medes into that of Persia Calanus an Indian Philosopher suffered a voluntary Death there in sight of the whole Macedonian Army It has been much dispeopled by Earthquakes which often happen in those Parts Larr is the Capital City of the Province which formerly bore the Title of a Kingdom 't is enclosed on both sides with high Mountains being built round about a Rock upon which there stands a Castle where the King keeps a Garison the most part of its Inhabitants are Jews there is no water but Rain-water which doth not happen somtimes for three years together which water standing in the Cisterns so long breeds Worms and whether you strain or boil it there will remain a Foulness and Corruption in it which breeds Worms in the Legs and Feet of Men and J. B. Tavernier saith That at his Return to Paris the fifth time of his Travelling he had one came out of his Left Foot an Ell and half long and another from the Ankle of his Right Foot an Ell long At Jaarown or Gaarom about 20 Farsangs or 60 English Miles from Larr the Inhabitants are most Jews who tell us they are of the Issue of Reuben Gad and the half Tribe of Manasses who by Tiglath Pilasser were carried Captive to this place 2 Kings 17.6 And that the Off-springs of Dan Zebulon Asher and Naphtali were planted at Damoan Near this place is a precious Liquor or Mummy growing carefully preserved for the King 's sole use It distills only in June from the top of those Mountains a most redolent Gum sovereign against Poyson a Catholicon for all sorts of Wounds Tauris the Ecbatana of the Ancients the Metropolis of the Empire of the Medes by the Turks Taberyz by Ezra Achmetha is a great City and well peopled the general mart for Turky Moscovy the Indies and Persia for all sorts of Merchandize especially Silks Anno 1514 the Grand Signior Selym sent a Basha with an Army and ransack'd it 1530 Solyman invaded it with so much Fury that it flamed many days Reviving again it was made prostrate to Ebrahim Basha's Luxury 1534. But 1585 it groaned under the greatest Suffering when Osman Basha Slave to Amurat perpetrated all manner of Cruelty In the Year 1638 it was almost ruined by Sultan Amurath but now Re-edified the Buildings of Brick being baked in the Sun. At this City are seen the Ruines of stately Structures or great Mosques or Temples of a prodigious Height and Magnitude In one dedicated to Diana the great Artaxerxes sequestred the fair Aspasia whose Beauty made him and his Son Competitors Here are dressed the greatest part of the Shagreen Skins that are vended all over Persia Casbin Cazbyn Herb. Kazvin by the Persians The Arsatia of the Ancients or Arsisaca of Strabo Here Parmenio was killed and Ephestion Alexander's Favorite dyed and a Monument erected upon which was
City very fair and pretty intire and has in it the remains of an ancient Palace where was no declination of the Magnetick Needle This Province is about 400 miles from the Frontier to the City Vla but all the Cities and Towns are intirely ruined only some few Houses built of Earth or the rubbish of old Buildings and covered with Thatch or Straw That all the Country beyond the Province of Leao-tum is exceeding desert where nothing is to be seen on all sides but Mountains and Vallies Dens of Bears Tigers and other devouring Beasts Here and there a poor Reed-hut upon the side of some Brooks The City Vla on the River Songoro Tart. Sumhoa Chin. lies in 44 Degrees 20 Minutes The Needle there declines from the South to the West 1 Degree 20 Minutes and is the fairest in all this Country and somtimes also the Seat of the Empire of the Tartars But Kirin is about 30 miles from Vla upon the River Songoro which takes it Course from the Moun. Champe Famous for having been the ancient Seat of our Tartars That the Moscovites come oftentimes to the River Songoro to fish for Pearles That the Distance of Kirin from Xin-Yam was 1028 Chinese Stadia containing 369 miles the Chinese Stadium being 360 Geometrical paces I shall only add that by this relation it doth appear to me that Niulhan or Niuche must be the same Country which is here called Leaâ—-tuâ— for the Emperors design was to visit the Sepulchres of his Ancestors Of INDIA THE Name of India is now given to the Empire of the Mogul and to the two Peninsulas one on this side the other beyond Ganges and the Islands scattered in the Indian Sea which are all comprehended under the general name of the East-Indies under which Appellation some Authors do also take in all the Oriental part of Asia The old Inhabitants hereof were by Megasthenes said to be 122 several Nations Originally descended from the Sons of Noah before their journy to the Valley of Shinaar and Heylin saith that the Plantation of India did precede the attempt of Babel Its first invasion was by Semiramis with an Army of above four Millions if Ctesias and Diodorus Siculus say true who was met with by Staurobates an Indian King with as great an Army by whom she was overcome and slain The next Invasion on this Country was by Bacchus the Son of Jupiter companied with Hercules who by force or by Arts overcame them and taught them the use of Wine Oil and the Art of Architecture After this Alexander invaded India beginning first with Clophae Queen of Magaza After with Porus whom he vanquished and took but giving them their Liberty and Kingdoms again he returned into his own Country after this they lived in peace under their several Kings until the year 1587 when discovered by the Portugals after by the English Dutch c. OF THE Empire of the Mogul EMPIRE de MOGOL by Robt. Morden THis vast Empire comprehends the greatest part of the Continent of India The present Mogul who is the Sovereign derives his Original from Great Temarleng or Tamerlan and is the Eleventh in a direct Line descendent from him there are several Indian Kingdoms tributary to him and he is esteemed the richest Prince in the world and the most potent Monarch of Asia The Territories of his Country being his own Hereditary Revenues the great Lords are but his Receivers who give an account to the Governors of the Provinces and they to the chief Treasurers and Comptrollers of the Exchequer He is also the general Heir to all those to whom he gives Pensions and his Will is a Law in the decision of his Subjects Affairs and therefore they carry the Names of their Employments and not of the Lands which they enjoy Sha Jehan who Reigned Forty years left behind him about 5 Millions and the Throne that he made cost an 160 Millions and 500000 Livres besides six other Thrones set all over with Diamonds Rubies Emralds and Pearls Teste Tav The Mony of this Kingdom is of a good Alloy The Mogul is able to bring 100000 Horse into the Field but his Infantry is very inconsiderable either for Number or Experience He has a good number of Elephants which do him great service for they are sure of foot and lie down and rise up very readily The King is a Turkish Mahumetan nevertheless the most part of his Vassals are Pagans But as there are several sorts of People so likewise there are divers sorts of Religions amongst them which I shall briefly mention at the end of the Description of the East-Indies The Mogul's Country is very fertile and well peopled near the great Rivers They make excellent Bread having Corn and Rice in abundance Victuals in general are very cheap however the Inhabitants are very temperate and sober The neighbouring Country to Tartary is full of Mountains and Forests where the Mogul oft-times takes his pleasure in Hunting there being great abundance and variety of wild Beasts And there it was that Alexander cut down the Wood for the Ships which he sent down the Indus into the Ocean As for Remains of Antiquity there are few or none the Moguls having ruin'd all the ancient Cities which according to the Ancients were 30 large Cities 3000 walled Towns and Castles for natural Defence reckoned impregnable which may not be improbable if it were as some affirm the first Seminary or Station of Noah after his descent from Ararat not far hence distant and afterward the delight of Bacchus which some think was the same with Noah and from the wonderful increase of People which appears by that huge Army Staurobates drew out in his defence against Semiramis the Assyrian Empress both Armies containing 3 Millions And so well builded and planted was this part of India that when Alexander by the overthrow of Porus near the River Hydaspis entered India Herodotus and Curtius report that Alexander should say He found greater Cities and more sumptuous Buildings in King Porus 's Dominions than he had observed in all the World besides Indus is Navigable from Lahor to Sende the Natives call'd it Pang-ab by reason of the five Rivers that fall into it toward the upper part of its Course which are now called Rauee Behat Obchan Wihy and Sindar by Ptol. Acesines Cophys Hydaspis Zaradras and Hispalis Ganges was formerly famous for its Gold now for its Water which is very pure The Natives hold that it sanctifies them whether they drink or whether they bathe in it There are in the whole Empire about 37 Kingdoms the Names whereof are almost the same with those of the Capital Cities viz. Agra Attock Bakar Bakisch Bando Bengala Berar Buchar Cabul Kakares Candahar Candis Canduana Cassimere Chitor Delli Gor Guzarate Haiacan Jamba Jenupar Jesselmere Jesual Maluay Mevat Multan Narva Naugracut Patna Pengab Pitan Sambal Siba Soret Tatta Udessa Teste Thev There are also some petty Territories as the Raja's which are of
very ancient Extraction and maintain themselves in Mountains and Fortresses that are inaccessible Some of their Cities that terminate in Pore seem to retain the memory of Porus as others by Scander the Name of Alexander The Dominions of the great Mogul are larger than the Persians and equal to those of the great Turk His strength lies in the Number of his Subjects the Vastness of his Wealth and the Extent of his Empire his Revenue exceeding the Persian and the Turks both put together but the Sophi surpasses him in Horse in Arms and warlike People And with the Turk he keeps a good Correspondence as being both of the same Religion Guzerat yields him yearly above 18 Millions of Gold and the Merchants of that Country are accounted the best in all India It contains 3 fair Cities Amadabat Cambaya and Surat with about 30 others very considerable Amadabat Amacastis Ptol. teste Herb. Amadavastis in Arrian one of the greatest Cities in India and of a vast Trade The Buzzar is Rich and Uniform The Castle Strong large Moated The Mausâ—leum Stately compassed at a little distance with the Dormitories of many Cambayan Potentates and two Miles off are the curious Gardens and Palace of Chawn-channa a Persian Cambaya Camane Nigro Barigaza teste Baud. Syrastene teste Stuchio was call'd the Indian Caire as well for its Greatness as also for its Traffick and the Fertility of the Soil Here they shape the fair Agats that come from the Indies into several sorts of Workmanship and in the Suburbs they make Indico The Tides are so swift to the North of the Gulph that a Horse at full Speed cannot keep pace with the first Wave The Streets were formerly lock'd up every Night but the Sea and its Trade is fallen away from it Suraâ— the Muziâ—is of Prol. Herb. Siâ—astia Sans about 40 days Journy from Agra drives as great a Trade as any of the Cities of Asia though the Access to it be very dangerous and the River Tappy or Tindy which rising out of the Decan Mountains glides through Brampore and in Meanders runs by the Walls of Surat and after 14 or 15 Miles circumgyring to and fro discharges itself into the Ocean so shallow at the Mouth that it will hardly bear a Bark of 70 or 80 Tuns so that the Ships are forc'd to unlade at Soali or Swali remarkable for the mischance of Capt. Woodcock who at the taking of Ormus had lighted upon a â—rigat laden with about a Million of Ryals which he seized and coming into this Swali Road the Whale sunk Alas the uncertainty of fading Pelf The English and Dutch have there their Presidents and Factories making it the greatest Mart in the East-Indies Baroche is of a great Trade for Cottons the English have a very fair House there not far from which place Tavernier tells us That of a dry Stick a Mountebank in less than half an hour made a Tree four or five Foot high that did bear Leaves and Flowers Broudra is a great City in a fertile Soil and of a great Trade for Calicuts At Navapour near Surat grows the best Rice in the World. The famous Port of Bombay the Milizigeris of Ptol. belongs to the King of England where is built a strong Fort and Mony is coined there The Portugals have had frequent Quarrels with the Mogul about their Fortress of Diu the Patola of Ptol. teste Nig. Pinet Patalena Hid spa Plin. Strab. Petacal Castaldo Barace of Ptol. Adriano Here after Alexander had sail'd down the Indus and arrived at this place he invaded the Country of the Oxydracans and stormed the principal place of the Mallyans where temerariously mounting the Parapet and violently leaping into the Town followed but by 2 Officers he had perished by the Darts and Weapons of his Enemies had not the Army as Men desperate in his Rescue enforced their speedy Entrance This Island is about a League long and four Musquet-shot broad the Haven is barr'd with an Iron Chain being under the command of the Cannon of the Castle It was Nobly defended in the years 1539 and 1546 against prodigious Armies so that the Mogul was forc'd to let them settle there to his extreme dissatisfaction But the last Relations from those Parts brings News that the Portugals have been at length constrain'd to abandon it Agra was of old as some tell us called Nagara before that Dionysiopolis founded by Bacchus Nissa Justino vide Hacluyt fol. 489. It contains the Capital City of the Empire able to raise 200000 fighting Men upon occasion The Prince receives a great Revenue for about 200 Stows that are therein It is twice as big as Ispahan but ill built and without Walls and has been enlarged since 1566 when Eckbar resided there and having built a stately Castle or Palace gave it the Name of Eker-Ahad Deli or Dehly was the Residence of the Mogul before Agra and so continues since Sha Jehan had built the new City and called it by his Name Jehan Abad or Gehanabat where the Mogul hath a stately Palace half a League in Circuit Gouleor is a Castle where the Mogul imprisons the Princes of the Blood which he suspects Lahor is the Metropolis of that Kingdom built upon one of the five Rivers that descend from the Mountains to swell the River Indus It is the Rendezvous of the Caravans and was the ancient Bucephalus and has been by Report 24 Leagues in Compass Naugracut shews an Idol to which many come in Pilgrimage Fettipore if the Water had been good by this time had triumphed over all the Cities in India Bannaras on the Banks of Ganges is full of mishapen Pagods Cabul the Chabura of Ptol. by some thought to be the Alexandria Arachosia which the Macedonian built near the Mount Caucasus whose City bears the same Name is large and well fortified of great Trade for Horses Sheep and other Cattel and is in the great Road from Labor to Samarcand Mando is one of the fairest Towns of the Province of Malva fortified with Walls and a Castle on the top of a Hill. Siranaker is the chief City of Cassimere Multan is of a rich Soil and great Trade for Callicoes but decayed Attok or Atek Tau is one of the best and strongest Gaâ—isons the great Mogul has and no Stranger is permitted to enter without the King's Passport Buckar stands where the Rivers Rawey and Chaul fall into the Indus Lourebander and Diul are the Ports to Tatta Janagar is the chief City of Soret Beisher of Bankish Dankalus of Kakares Hardware of Siba Jambu gives Name to its Province as also doth Sambal Bikanar is chief of Bakar and Narual that of Meuat Pitan and Patna give Name to their respective Provinces between the Kingdoms of Cambaya and Bengala are the Provinces of Candis Chitor Malucy Berar and Ranas whose chief places are Brampore Chitor Rantipore Shapor the Sora of Ptel by Baud. and Gurchitto Jesselmere is the City where Ekbar was
born Asmere is famous for the Sepulchre of Hogi Hendown Bando and Janupar are three Provinces near Agra and Delli Rotas is one of the strongest places in Asia Brampore Baramatis Ptol. is a great City but much ruined with a Castle in the midst of it of a great Trade for Calicuts some painted with Flowers of divers Colours others white and clear and some striped with Gold and Silver Chytor is a City upon a high Rock claiming Precedency for Antiquity amongst all the Cities of India of old Taxilla supposed to be the Metropolis whence King Porus issued against great Alexander After which Battel Alexander celebrated the Bacchanalia at the Mount Maeres and for 15 days glutted his Army with those mystick Fopperies and constituted his Argyâ—aspides And at Nyssa built by Bacchus upon the Bank of the Hydaspis a Branch of the River Indus Alexander reposed famous in those days for the Sacred Mount and incomparable Vines there abounding which some think to be the first Plantation of the Patriarch Noâ—h Scronge and Chitpour are of great Trade for painted Calicuts called Chites those of Seronge are the most lively Colours and lasting Hallabas or Elabasse the Chrysoborca in Plin. by some Nisua teste Herb. is a great City upon the Confluence of Jeminy and Ganges which River there is no broader than the Seine before the Loure and at some times in the year so little water that it will not bear a small Boat much resorted to by the Bannyans for the Relicks of divers deformed Pagothia's These Bannyans swarm in multitudes all over the Indies sucking in the sweetness of Gain by an immeasurable thirst and industry But the Moors and Gentiles often ravish it from them for the Bannyan is no Hestor nor Fighter but morally honest courteous in Behaviour temperate in Passion decent in Apparel abstemious in their Diet industrious in their Callings charitable to the Needy humble to all and so innocent as not to take away the life of the smallest Vermin believing the Transanimation of Souls into Beasts a Persuasion though strange to us was not to our Country-men the Druidae of old Elora not much above three hours from Doltabad is famous for the many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of Men and Women cut in the Rock so that if one considers the number of spacious Temples full of Pillars and Plasters and the many Thousands of Figures all cut out of a Natural Rock it may be truly said That they are Works surpassing Human Force The River Ganges having received an infinite number of Brooks and Rivers from the North-East and West discharges itself by several Mouths into the Gulph of Bengala making several pleasant Islands containing many Towns covered with lovely Indian Trees Patna is one of the greatest Cities of India upon the Banks of Ganges about two Leagues long where the Hollanders have an House because of their Trade in Salt-petre Daca is a great Town about two Leagues long by the side of Ganges where the English and Hollanders have very fair Houses for their Goods and Trade reckon'd the Capital City of Bengala At Ouguely is the general Factory of the Dutch and at Kâ—ssen Baser is the House of the Director of all the Holland Factories in Bâ—ngala Kachemire Cachmir and Kichmir Thev is esteemed the little Paradise of India by reason of its Beauty At Banareus upon the Banks of Ganges and Jaganate upon the mouth of it are the ch ef Pagods than which nothing can be more magnificent by reason of the quantity of Gold and Jewels wherewith they are adorned and millions of People repair thither to celebrate their Festivals Bengala famous for its temperate Air for the Fertility of the Soil for the great store of Rice for its Cane or Bamboo's and its Calamba wood which yields the most pleasant scent in the world It gives its Name to one of the most famous Gulphs of Asia called Golfo de Bengala the Sinus Gangeticus of Ptol. It s yearly Revenue paid to the Mogul comes to a Million and 500000 Roupies clear the chief City thereof is Bengala by some Satigan Gange Ptol. Ganges Strabo Thevenot calls this Province Oulesser the Idolaters Jaganat Besides these Countries I find mention made by Mr. Tavernier 1. Of the Kingdom of Bouton of a large Extent famous for Musk Rhubarb Wormseed and Furrs and the Caravan is three months travelling from Patna to Boutan the way being generally through Forests and over Mountains which after you have passed the Country is good abounding in Rice Corn Pulse and Wine They have had for a long time the use of Musquets and Cannon and their Gunpowder is long but of great Force The Natives are strong and well proportioned but their Noses and Faces are somwhat flat and there is no King in the world more feared and more respected than the King of Boutan 2. Of the Kingdom of Tipra adjoining to Pegu of whose extent there is no certain Conjecture to be made there is a Mine of Gold but course as also a sort of course Silk which is the greatest Revenue the King hath 3. Of the Kingdom of Asem which is one of the best Countries in all Asia producing all things necessary for human sustenance yet Dogs flesh is the greatest delicacy there are Mines of Gold Silver Lead Iron and store of Silk and Gumlake Kenerof is the Name of the City where the King keeps his Court and at Azo are the Tombs of the Kings of Asem and 't is thought that these are the first Inventers of Guns and Powder which from thence spread into China They have Vines but make no Wine but dry their Grapes to make Aquavitae and of the Leaves of Adam's Fig-tree they make Salt. The Men and Women are generally well-complexioned but swarthy subject to Wens in their Throats as well as those of Bouton and Tipra They go Naked only covering their Privy Parts and a Blue Bonnet or Cap upon their Heads with Bracelets upon their Ears Arms and Legs The PENINSULA On this side GANGES INDIA on this side GANGES by R. Morden Cancer THis Peninsula is comprehended between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges and advances Northwards from the Estate of the Mogul to Cape Cormorin in the South and on the East and West it is washed by the Ocean or Indian Sea. It is divided into two parts by the Mountains of Gata which stretch themselves from the North to the South with several fair Plains on the top and occasion several Seasons at the same time for many times it is Winter on the one side and Summer on the other It belongs to above fifty Kings the potentest of which by degrees subdueth the rest The Portugals English and Hollanders have several places near the Sea with Fortresses for the security of their Trade which is generally in Spices Jewels Pearls and Cotten-Linen The other places upon the Land are inhabited by the Natives whose Petty Sovereigns not being able to hinder the Settlement of the Europeans
are glad to entertain Commerce with them and to crave their Assistance in their Wars one with another This Peninsula may be divided into four principal parts Decan Golconda Narsingua and Malabar Decan acknowledges Visapour Musopatta Baud. Viziapour Thev for her Capital City which is large but scambling the Kings Palace is vastly big but ill built the Seat of Idalcan or Dialcan a Mahometan King once very powerful He took Dabul from the Portugals besieged Chaâ—l and Goa leading in his Army near two hundred thousand men well provided with Ammunition his Artillery great having as 't is said one particular Cannon that will carry a Bullet of near eight hundred pound weight once tributary to the Mogul but now absolute Tav who has won from him Dultabat of a great Trade and one of the best Fortresses in the Moguls Empire Bider Paranda and other places and built the great and new City of Aureng-abad encompassed with a Lake and adorned with a fair Mosque and stately Monument Goa the Barigaza of old is the residence of the Portugal Viceroy and the King of Portugal's Magazine for the East-Indies and Harbour for their Indian Fleet 'T is reported that the Hospital of Goa is more Beautiful Richer and better accommodated than the Hospital of the Holy-Ghost in Rome or the Infirmery of Maltha The City is very large and though without Gates and Walls yet with its Castles and Forts 't is of great strength and force Their Houses fair their Palaces and publick Buildings very Magnificent their Churches stately and richly adorned Her Strength and Beauty took rise from the Decan Kings from whom Anno 1509 Albuquerque the Victorious Portugal conquered it and after that defended it against 70000 Foot and 3500 Horse which Idulcan brought to reduce it with 'T is the bravest and best defended City in the Orient seated in an Isle called Tilsoar 30 miles in Circuit surrounded by a fresh River streaming from the mighty Mountain Bellaguate The whole Isle so abounding in several little Towns Fields Groves and Gardens replenished with Grass Corn Cattle Fruit Flowers and such self-ravishing Objects that here the Portugals live in all manner of delight and pleasure exceeding Proud and Stately but Civil and Courteous both Sexes given to Venery and the Women excessively amorous of White Men but much confined The King of Visapour hath four good Ports in this Decan Territory Rejapour Dabul Dunga of old first yielded to the Mercy of Andragius Governor of Chaul but soon taken by the Decanees but recovered from them by F. Almeyda and after great Slaughter of the Inhabitants and Rich Spoile burnt the City repaired afterward by the Vice Roy of Goa About the year 1620 taken by an English Captain Hall who made the Daring Portugal know that their Bravadoes to the English were not terrible Choul the Comane of Ptol. teste Cast ravished from the Diadem of Decan by Almeyda in the year 1507. And in the year 1573 it was besieged by Misamoluc the Decan Prince with an numerous Army of Horse Foot and Elephants but he was forced to raise his Siege with Loss and Shame Crapatan and Mengrelia which last is one of the best Roads in all India and is famous for Cardamum the best of Spices and the Dutch have a Factory there The HISTORY of Sevagy Tav Sivagi Thev THe Plundering of Surrat by Sivagy and the desperate Attacks made upon some of our East-India Ships especially that of the President Captain Jonathan Hide Commander in the year 1683 by 1500 of his men in three Ships and four Grabs who were bravely repulsed with a great Slaughter though those brave Men had not the happiness long to enjoy the Honour of that noble Action the Ship being unfortunately cast away coming into the Chanel and all the Men but two lost These and many other of his Actions have given many occasion to inquire what he is and what Country he possesseth This Raja Sivagi born at Bashaim the Son of a Captain of the King of Visiapour's being of a restless and turbulent Spirit rebelled in his Fathers life-time and putting himself at the head of several Banditi and other debauched young men he retired unto the Mountains of Visiapour and made his part good against all those that came to attack him The King of Visiapour thinking that his Father kept Intelligence with him caused him to be arrested and he died in prison Sivigy conceived so great a hatred against the King that he used all endeavours to be revenged of him And in a very short time he plundered Visiapour and with the Booty he took made himself so strong in Men Arms and Horses that he became able enough to seize some Towns viz. Rasapour Rasigar Crapaten Daboul and to form a little State thereabout The King dying about that time and the Queens endeavours to reduce him being unsuccessful she accepted the Peace he proposed to her that he should enjoy the Territories which he had subdued that he should be tributary to the Young King and pay him half his Revenue However he could not rest but plundered some places belonging to the Great Mogul who therefore sent Forces against him under the Conduct of the Governor of Aurenge-Abat But Sivigi having his retreat always in the Mountains and being extreamly cunning the Mogul could not reduce him In the mean time to be revenged on the Mogul he resolved to plunder Surrat which he did for 40 days so that none but the English and Dutch saved themselves by the viperous Defence they made by reason of their Cannon which Siâ—â—â— would not venture upon nor durst he adventure to attack the Caâ—â—le but marched off with the Wealth he got which was reported to be worth in Jewels Gold and Silver to the value of Thirty French Millions which was in the year 1664 when he was 35 years oâ— Age. And the Mogul s Affairs not suffering him to pursue his Revenge upon Sivigy he still continues his Robberies and Pyracies upon all opportunities and occasions Malâ—bar or Malavar is a low Country with a delightful Coast and well inhabited by people that practice Pyracy There is a certain wind which blowing there in winter so disturbs the neighbouring Sea that it rouls the Sand to the mouths of the adjoining Ports so that at that time there is not water for little Barks to enter but in the Summer time another contrary wind is there so violent that it drives back the same Sand and renders the Ports again navigable The great number of Rivers in this Country renders Horses useless especially for War. A Country most part of the year verdant and abounding with Cattle Corn Cotton Pepper Ginger Câ—ssia Cardamum Rice Myrobalans Ananas-pappas Melons Dates Coco's and other Fruits Calecut or Calicut thought to be the Town which Ptol. calls Canthapis an Error of Niger and Bertius Calicaris Herb. is a Town of Trade where the Portugals first setled themselves though not with that success as at Cochin where
they obtain'd leave to raise a Cittadel which was the first Fort they had in the East-Indies but that Fortress was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicut calls himself Zamorin a Prince of great power and awe and not more black of colour than treacherous in disposition Many deformed Pagotha's are here worshipped but with this ordinary Evasion That they adore not Idols but the Deumo's they represent And the Dutch General who was Cook of a Ship Crowned the King with those hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword And exacts a Tribute from all the Kings of Malabar but most of them are dispens'd withall from paying it Besides this Prince there are in this Country the Kings of Cananor Tanor Cranganor Cochin Coulan and Travancor and 10 or 12 other considerable ones Cochin Colchin of Ptol. Herb. not much inferior to Goa pays Tribute to the Hollanders who keep the Castle The Harbor is pester'd with Rocks and Shelves Coulan has been much richer and better peopled than it is for it had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants Sopatpa in Arrian and Coâ—â—y in Ptol. Zamoryn valu'd it for its Situation for its Port and its Fidelity Since that the Sands having stop'd up the Port Goa and Calecut have got all the Trade from it Cananor Calligeris Ptol. teste Castal holds also some Islands among the Maldives viz. the Isle Malicut and the five Isles of Diavandorow Onor the Hippocura of Ptol. teste Baud. produces a weighty sort of Pepper and Black Rice accounted better than the White Baticale and Gersopa further in the Land are the Capital Cities of their Kingdoms included under the general Name of Canara To Malabar joins the fishing Coast called the Coast of Manar where they fish for Pearls in April for three weeks together The Country which contains about 30 little Cities is dry and Sun-burnt having no other advantages but by the Fishery for which they keep a Fair at Tuticorin The most part of it is under the Nâ—ic of Madure the Hollanders possessing only the Island of Kings where they have built a Fort and to which there is no coming but by a Chanel for the defence whereof they have rais'd several Works for conservation thereof being of so great importance to them by reason that thereby they are Masters of the Banks of Manar There is also found some Amber-greice and heretofore near to Cape Comâ—rin a Cape well known of old by Ptol. called Cory Calligicum by Strab. Conomencina by Plin. Calusca Colaicum Comar by Arrian in his Periplus Comara extrema or Cape Comryn there was a Pearl found that weighed above 30 Quintals Coromandel or Corobander Cartagar damna Ptol. so called from the abundance of Rice which it produces is famous for the best Ports of India The City of Meliapore Malipur incolis St. Thomaso Lusitanis Mâ—lange Ptol. or the Calurmina of Sophron. and St. Thomas's Anglis where that Apostle wrought many Miracles and where as their Traditions he foretold the coming of White People into that Country It is observed that the Off-spring of those that Martyr'd St. Thomas have one Leg bigger than the other â—â—liour is seated upon a small River having five Foot of Water at the Mouth of it which is about Cannon-shot from the City but small Ships had rather harbor themselves at Pelicate and the great ones at Nâ—gaâ—â—tâ—n which with Meliapor belongs to the Portugalâ— Pâ—licate besides the Town there is a Fort called Geldria that belongs to the Duâ—â—h where they have their chief Factory and where lives the chief Intendent over all the rest that are in the Territories of the King of Gâ—lâ—â—da In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers besides Merchants The Bastions are well stored with good Guns and the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it Tavernier tells us That when the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink they stay till the Sea is qâ—â—te gone out then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can they meet with fresh Water About 7 or 8 Leagues off is Fort St. George which belongs to the English whose Port or Harbor is called Madraspatan The Kingdom of Golconda is a Country abounding in Corn Rice Cattel and other Necessaries for Human Life and Bagnagar is the Name of the Metropolis commonly called Golconda which is the Name of a Fortress about two Leagues from it The City is said to be little less than Orleance seated upon a River which near to Mâ—slipatan falls into the Gulph of Bengala over which River there is a stately and fair Bridge into the City which is adorned with the King's Palace and the Houses of the great Lords and other Persons of Quality the Merchants and Tradesmen living in the Suburbs which are a League in length In this City is to be seen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod which had it been finished had been the fairest in India there is one Stone which is an entire Rock of such a prodigious Bulk that 5 or 600 Men were five years before they could hew it out of its place and they say that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned and of comely statures only the Country people swarthy there are said to be 20000 Licensed common Women about the City and Suburbs The present King descended from an ancient Family of the Turcomans is a Mahumetan and of the Sect of Hali and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods Maslipatan is a great City and the most famous Road for Ships in the Gulph of Bengal the Argaric Gulph of old from whence they set Sail for Pegu Siam Aracan c. where Bloom saith the English have setled a Factory Concerning the Kingdoms of Narsinga and Bisnagar which some Authors make two distinct Countries though some others confound them together I shall give you this account That formerly the Territories of the Raja of Narsinga extended from Cape Cormorin all along the Coast of Cormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls into the Bengalan Gulph near the mouth of the Ganges the other Raja's being his Subjects that the last Raja who was at War with Ackbar the Mogul brought into the Field four Armies the first lay in that Province which is now called Golconda the second was quartered in the Province of Visapour the third in Brampore the fourth in Doltabat This Raja dying without Children the four Generals divided amongst them the Country but the Successor of the Mogul conquered again that of Brampore of Doltabat and part of Visapour but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him as was said before so that 't is very probable there are no such Cities as Narsingue or Bisnagar Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of them The last Relations tell us that Gandicot Tav Guendicot Thev is one of the strongest Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica about 85 Leagues from Meliapour and
Plenty may be called The Epitom of the World. The City of Bantam lies at the Foot of a Hill environed by 2 Rivulets and divided by another The Port is large and the most frequented of all the Islands of Sonde for it affords all kind of Spices Stones and other Commodities of the East-Indies The Spaniards call Bantam the Geneva of the East Jacatra or Batavia is the Residence of the Consul for the Holland Company ever since the year 1619. It is defended by a good Cittadel with four regulated Bastions it lies in a Bay which being secur'd toward the Sea by some Islands makes the best Road in all the Indies Jortam next to that is one of the best Ports and most frequented Borneo the very biggest Island of all Asia abounds in Mirobalans and Camphire It has several good Ports but few good Cities Some say that this was the Java of Mark Poll of Venice and that the Lesser Java was that already mentioned The City is built upon Piles in the Sea at the Mouth of a fair River having a large and commodious Harbor The Natives have a peculiar King of their own as likewise has Bender-Massin Sambos is the Capital City of the Kingdom affording Diamonds Of the PHILIPPINE Islands The PHILIPINE ISLES By Robt. Morden The PHILIPPINE Islands PHilip the Second gave his own Name to these Islands which are about Forty or fifty great ones for should we reckon up little ones they would make by Relation some Thousands the most part of them very fertile and the Inhabitants pay their Tribute in Soldiers The Council of Spain oftentimes proposed the quitting of those Islands because of the Expences of the Garisons But because they lie convenient for the Trade between China and the Molucca Islands the King was resolved to keep them The Islanders are valiant and preserve their Liberty in several places Luc'on otherwise New-Castile is the biggest of all the Philippine Islands The City Manilla which lends its Name to the whole Body of these Islands is the Seat of the Viceroy and an Archbishop It is but small but neat and well fortified and safe from Mining two thirds of the Town lying upon a River Navigable for Barks and the third part lying upon the Sea. Besides Spaniards and Indians there are several Chineses that resort thither as to the Magazine of the richest Commodities in the world Cavite two Leagues from the City is the principal Haven secured from the Winds and fortified with two wooden Forts The Bay is 40 Leagues in compass where there is a convenience to build great Gallions however the North Winds blow hard upon it the Bottom is bad and Entrance difficult New Segovia or Cagajon is in the most Northern part of the Isle Luc'on Tandaya or Philippina is South-East from the Southermost point of Lucon and the Straight between them is called the Straight of Manilla esteemed the best and most pleasant of all the Islands whose chief place is Achan The Island Mindanao has not been in the Spaniards hands but a little while St. Juan or John lies North-East of Mindanao That of Paragoya or Calamianes of Boterus the Puloam of Maginus who discovered these Islands in 1520 and some others obey their own Kings Cebu and Matan are known the first by the discovery of Magellan the other by the death of Magellan The Spaniards that are bound to the Philippines never sail through our Hemisphere and therefore they would have these Islands as well as the Molucca's to be the Bounds of the West-Indies which they for that Reason would have to reach as far as the Molucca's Other Islands are Mindora which gives Name to a Straight so called Masbat Negoas Panay Kapul or Bohol Abuya or Rebujan From the Philippine Islands Eastward there lie several other Isles called in Spanish by the general Name Islas de las Velas by the Dutch Isles de Ladâ—â—nes or Larrons of which I find nothing memorable except their Names in some Maps And that the Inhabitants are poor naked and great Thieves Of the MOLVCCA Islands The MOLUCCA ILANDS c. By R. Morden The MOLVCCA Islands THere are five of these Islands that carry the particular Name of Molucca's These five Islands are very small seated much about the Equinoctial Line in an unwholsom Air for Strangers They are under several Kings The Hollanders have also some Fortresses there They afford Nutmegs Ginger and Cloves Ternate the biggest of the five little ones is eight Leagues about with a Mountain that casts out Fire It hath besides several Villages uninhabited in times of War three Cities or rather Forts viz. Gammalamme Mayloye now called Orange Tacony by the Dutch William Stad The rest are Tidor very considerable Motir Machoan Bachian The Molucco's are good Soldiers and for the most part Mahumetans Besides the Kings of Ternate Tidor and Bachian there are several others in the Celebes Islands and Gilolo The King of Macassar in the Celebes particularly has a while since extraordinarily fortified his own City He has always given Strangers free entrance into his Ports In 1667 he treated with the Hollanders and quitted the Portugals But in 1668 the Hollanders obliged him to trade with no other Nations but them And there was a Report that the Dutch have since seized upon and taken Macassar The Air of this Country is good but the Heats are insupportable in the Day-time Formerly the Natives of Macassar ate Human Flesh for which Reason the Neighbouring Princes sent them all their Criminals Celebes is fertile in Rice and the Land of Papous yields Gold Ambergreece and Birds of Paradise Banda is an Island towards the South of the Molucco's with five or six other Islands about it to which it gives its Name It is the only Island in the World that produces Nutmegs and Mace There is in it a burning Mountain and in the year 1615 all the great Guns in the Island were spoil'd About four Years before the barbarous proceedings of the Dutch at Amboyna they shot Captain Courtupt in his Boat going from his House and Factory in Polleroon to one of the adjacent Clove Islands called Lantore on which Island not long after some English suffer'd such unparallel'd and barbarous Cruelty by the Dutch as a created Nature was capable of enduring In the Year 1617 the Inhabitants of Banda Island besought Capt. Bal then President at Bantam to receive their Island into his Jurisdiction to defend them from the Tyrannies of the Dutch who murdered them at their pleasures and abused their Wives whilst themselves were enforc'd to look on protesting also that they never gave the least consent to them to possess their Island which was accepted of by the English but in the Year 1622 they were forced by the Dutch to abandon the Banda Islands and it is credibly reported that after the English had left those Islands the numerous shoals of Mackerel which was the chiefest Support to the Inhabitants and which came constantly in their
Teguleth Tejeut are places of Trade Tesegfeldt the Tamasida or Thamusida of Ant. teste Marmol and Xleusugagen are the most considerable of those in the Mountains The Isle Mogador near the Cape of Ocem is distant from the Coast about two Leagues where is built a Fort to guard the Mines of Gold and Silver which are in the neighbouring Mountains Gozoporto is the Suriga of Ptol. teste Curione Ducala Province is the most Northern part of the Kingdom of Morocco whose chief Cities are Azamer taken by the Portugals 1613 since retaken by the Moors who have a strong Garison there the Thymaterium Hanno Thymiateria Steph. teste J. Marian. Ramusio Magazan is so strongly fortified by the Portugals that 200000 have in vain besieged it Tite was by them dismantled Asafi or Saffa hath a French Consul The Province of Hascora hath Elmadine for its chief City once accounted the Capital of the Country whose Inhabitants addict themselves to Arts Traffick and Manufactures Tegodaft hath fair Women Elgiumuha is governed by Artizans as Tegodaft admits of none but Nobles Bzo is a place of some Trade The Province of Teldes hath the rich City of Tefza built by the old African Moors beautified with many Mahometan Mosques and its Walls a kind of Marble In these two Provinces are great quantities of Goats of whose Skins are made the Cordovants and of their Hair plain and watered Camolets Their Grapes are said to be as big as Pullets Eggs. The chief Rivers of Morocco are the Sus the Una of Ptol. teste Marmol that waters the Southern part the Tensift that divides it in the middle the Asama of the Ancients the Ommiraby which separates it from Fez the Rusibis Ptol. Rusubi Vic. Uticensi Rutubis Plin. Umarabea teste Marmol The Asifnual that makes an Abyss or Gulph like to that of Sivoli in Italy The Agmet loseth itself under-ground The Commodities of this Country bearing the Name of Mercantil are Flax Hemp Honey Wax Sugar Hydes Marokins or Cordavants Course Twine Dates Almonds Camolets and other Manufactures as Mats of a curious Straw Mantles Alheicks and in some places store of Saltpetre As for the fabulous abundance of Gold there is no Truth in it The Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco ought to be considered in three sorts of Lands Mountains Campaigns and Coasts The Mountains and Vallies are almost all in the hands of the Alarbes and Barabars who live partly Free and partly Tributary to the Zeriffs The Coasts in part belong to the Moors and part to the Spaniards and Portugals these holding those on the Atlantick the other on the Mediterranean Sea. The Alarbes are by the Europeans called Mountaineers living in Haimas or Tents more rudely and rovingly shifting from Mountain to Mountain according to their Exigences or Fickle Humors carrying with them their Itinerary Habitations Robbery being their best Livelihood The other sort of Moors are called Barabars or Brebers these have fixed Dwellings and live in Neighborhood and gather into Aldea's Cavila's or Villages Over these Barabars are subordinate Governors or Almocadens to whom they pay a dutiful Observance their Vocation is Tillage and Grazing The Moors are of a large Stature strong Constitution stately Carriage differing in Complexion according to their conversing with the Sun and Air jealous and revengeful implacable in their hatred and impatient till they have avenged an Injury The Female Moors if preserved from the Injuries of the Sun and Weather are generally well complexioned full bodied and of good Symmetry those that live in Towns are enclined to Paleness seldom stirring abroad unless to visit the Sepulchres of their deceased Friends in Devotion to pray for their Felicity and in the Night-time to the Baths for Health and Cleanliness but always closely vailed that no part is visible but an Eye In the state of Matrimony their principal study is to please their Husbands and to render themselves delightful to their Conversation Those Husbands that are able allow their Wives Negro's or Black Women to do all the servile Offices in the Family yet there is no Quality that sit idle for the chief of the Morisco Dames employ their time in some thrifty Housewifery In their Visits one to another no Man though never so near a Relation can be admitted into their Society to prevent which she that makes the Visit first sends to know whether the Husband be at home if not then she goes to her Gossips Apartment where she is entertained with a Liberality that never injures her Husband And if the Husband chanceth to return home in the interim of the Visit he is careful to give no Interruption but upon Notice quickly departs the House which intimated to the Visitant she also shortens the Visit This prevents the custom of expensive Gossippings with which in some Nations so many Wives are debauched and Husbands beggar'd The Women are indeed kept in great subjection and retirement which makes Adultery a Stranger to their Bed Nor can it reasonably be otherwise seeing that the Wife is fully assured that the very Attempt to pilfer a Pleasure if discovered will cost her her Life There is a great appearance of Piety in the customary Expressions and Salutations of the Moors in the beginning of any Labour or Journy with Zeal and Humility they will look up to Heaven and with a low Voice say Bismillah that is In the Name of God Intimating That nothing ought to be enterprized but in the power and hope of the Divine Favor and Help And when the Work or Journy is finished they say Ham der Illah Thanks be unto God denying all Ascriptions of Success to themselves When they meet upon the Road their Greeting is El ham dillah al salam tipsi i. e. God be praised that I see thee well In passing by one another Salem alleque Peace be with thee At the hearing of one another sneeze they say God be your Keeper The like Air and Genius of Devotion and Piety is observable in their Letters This Country abounds with Giamma's Moschs or Churches to which the Moors perform a great Reverence and Liberality never suffering them to be prophaned nor to want a competent Stock to keep them in Repair their Situation is East and West In greater Towns there are many Giamma's in Tituan 15 in Alcazar more in Arzilla 5 and in Fez 700. The Moors have at this day no Schools of Science like the European Universities and Colleges As for the College called Amarodock in Fez whose Structure cost King Aba Henan 480000 Crowns and which has been so often celebrated for its delightful Situation Mosaick Arches and Brazen Gates it is now wholly destitute of Students There are only petty Schools to write and read and when the Pupil can read the Alcoran with perspicuity and understand the principal Points it contains and bears good a affection to the Priesthood and is informed of the Rites of the Giamma which are few and easie and is deemed competent for Age and Learning
then two or three Alfaqui's or Priests examine the Candidate and being found deserving they grant him Testimonials of his willingness and abilities to be an Alfaqui and this is all the Education and Orders bestowed upon their Priests The Moors season of Prayers is five times in 24 hours The first is about Noon the second about Three of the Clock in the Afternoon the third at the going down of the Sun the fourth a little within Night the fifth a little before day in the Winter In their Addresses to these Holy Celebrations the Moors use great tokens of Reverence being very careful by washing c. in sitting themselves for the Giamma And here give me leave to hint what some of these Men which we count Barbarians have animadverted That the irreverent Carriage in Holy Places and sawcy Behaviour at our Sacred Solemnities by some of us Christians are great Reproaches to our Religion and often by them resented with Anger and Indignation Prayer they style The Key of Paradise and The Pillar of Religion and generally maintain so careful a performance of this publick Duty that no secular Business can detain them from nor any thing divert them at their Devotion As every Cavila have an Alcalib or High Priest chosen by the Alfaquis or Priest who is possessed of the Giamma Gheber or Great Church wherein every Friday which is their Sabbath he expounds some Text of the Alcoran so also every Cavila and Town have a particular Alcaddee from whom they cannot appeal to any other but Alcaddee Gheber or the chief of these Justiâ—ers who is appointed to receive such Appeals and is in constant attendance upon the King or chief Governor The Alcaddees sit in the Gates of the Cavila or some publick place to hear and determine all Cases And the Alcoran being the immutable Rule both of Civil Justice and Religion therefore according to the Letter and Interpretation thereof the Alcaddee frames all his Definitions and Judgments Here 's no intreaguing the Plea with Resolutions Cases Presidents Reports Old Statutes but according to the fresh circumstances of the Fact and the proof of what is alledged Adultery is a Capital Crime in the Moresco Catalogue and the person Convicted thereof without any regard of his Eminence or Quality is certainly stoned to Death For the first Theft the Convict is publickly whipped in the Market For the second he loseth his Hand For the third he dies exquisitely tormented and then exposed to the Birds of Prey All Homicide or killing of a Man by a Man is Capital Usury is totally forbidden by their Law for Mahomet hath made it an irremissible Sin but he that borrows Mony of another wherewith to traffick and gain gives the Lender an equal share of the Profits and it is usual for the Lender to forbear the Borrower till he perceive him frâ—udulent careless or unfortunate Marriage is in so peculiar an Estimation that Mahomed made it the second of his eight Precepts and the Moors are so generally observant of this Commandment that few among them are found to live out of the state of Wedlock if they are able to purchase a Wife Polygamy Concubinage and Divorce are used by them for Mahomed that he might the better complease the loose Humors of his first Sectaries made his Religion to contain many carnal Indulgences denying nothing to Musselmen that had any sensible compliance with their brutal Affections Of ALGIER A New Map of the Kingdome of ALGIER by Rob. Morden THE Kingdom of Algier is Famous as well for its Riches and Forces as for its Piracies of Christians and its Barbarousness to its Captives It was known to the Ancients by the Name of Mauritania Caesariensis Geographers divide it into five Parts or Kingdoms Telensin Tenes Algier Bugia and Constantina Grammajus tells us That the Turks have established therein twenty Governments whereof ten are upon the Coast and ten within Land To these he also adds ten Divisions more but so intermixed and uncertain that I shall not mention them But I shall proceed to a Description of the five principal Parts aforesaid and first of the Province of Telensin by the Inhabitants called Tremecen from its chief City which is the Timici of Plin. and Ptol. Marmol distant about seven or eight Leagues from the Sea. In the decay of the Saracenical Empire it usurped the Majesty of a Kingly Title which tho' much disgraced by being made subject to Abulthasen King of Fez after a Siege of thirty Months yet at last it assumed its Liberty under divers Kings of its own one of which viz. Abdalla shaking off the Spanish Allegiance submitted himself and Kingdom to Solyman the Magnificent It was once a City one of the greatest and fairest of Barbary and very strong for it sustained a Seige of seven years against Joseph the puissant King of Fez and at last forced him to raise it Humain al. One is the Antient Artifiga Sans Cisira Sïga of Ptol. Castaldo in 1535. ruined by the Castilians The Country about it abounds with Figs Oranges Pomgranats and Cotton of which the Inhabitants make divers Manufactures Haresgol or Aresgol is the Siga of Strab. Plin. and Mela. teste Marmol by some Zerfen or Zersen A Roman Colony and Residence of Syphâ—x before he seized the Estate of Mâ—ssiâ—issa It s situation is on a Rock surrounded with the Sea except on the South side once much greater than it is but the ill treatment it hath received from the Kings of Fez from the Califfs from the Moors from the Castilians and from the Arabs hath reduced it to that small Estate that it is now at under the Government of Algier Oran which the Africans call Tuharan rather Guharan the Nubian Geog. Vaharan is the Cuisa of the Antient Sans The Quiza and Zenitana of Plin. the Buiza of Ptol. taken by Cardinal Ximines in the year 1509. at which time the Spaniards lost but fifty Men killed four thousand Moors redelivered twenty thousand Christian Captives Marsa el Quibir Sans Marzachibar Merc. Mâ—rza Quivir Baud. Portus Magnus of Plin and Mela taken by the Marquess of Comares anâ— 1505. for the Spaniards It is one of the fairest greatest and securest Ports in all Africa Tefezara or Tefesre was the Astalicis or Astacilitis of Ptol. teste Marmol Hubbede or Hubet is the Mniara of Ptol. the Mina of Ant. Marmol Guagida the Lanigara of Ptol. Marmol is the capital City of the Province of Hanghad or Anghad possessed by the Arabs and noted for its Ostriches Beniarax or Beniarasid the Bunobora of Ptol. Sans is the Capital Town of the Province so called it contains twenty five thousand Inhabitants and pays twenty five thousand Ducates of Tribute Calat-Haoara or the Vrbara of old is strong Moascar the Victoria of Ptol. is the Residence of the Governour of the Algerins Batha is the Vaga of old much ruined but Villanov and Mol. tells us That Vaga is now Tegmedel Tenes is a Country both plain and mountanous
2. Cyrene once of such Power that it contended with Carthage about their Territories The Birth-place of Eratosthenes Callimachus and Symon of Cyreen who carried our Saviours Cross Now called Carvanna Corene Villano and Cairoan Baud. 3. Berenice on the great Syrtes now Bernicho 4. Herculis Turris erected in honour of Hercules for killing the Dragon and robbing the Orchards of the Hesperides of their golden Apples this Orchard being placed here by Ptolomy by Pomponius in the Atlantick Islands by Virgil and Pliny in Mauritania 5. Alberton of old Paraetonium the Sea-port to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon seated in the midst of a vast sandy Desert as they tell us encircled with a delightful and pleasant Grove watered with wholesome Springs refreshed with a temperate Air shaded with Fruit-bearing Trees whose Leaves were always green This Country is now the thirteenth Calsiliff or Government under the Turkish Bashaw in Egypt called Bonhera or Barca the Southern part whereof is called the Desert of Barca famous for the Temple beforementioned for its Oracle for the Fountain of the Sun for the destruction of Cambyses Army and for the visit of Alexander Rivers I find few but one of same enough for all the rest by Ptolomy called Lathon by Pliny Lethon by the Poets Lethe and feigned to come from Hell and to cause forgetfulness in those that drink it Now Milel teste Marmol Of EGYPT AEGYPT by R. Morden EGypt is bounded on the North with the Mediterranean Sea on the East with the Red-Sea and the Isthmus between the Red-Sea and the Mediterranean on the South with Ethiopia and Nubia on the West with the Lybian Mountains or Deserts of Barca This flourishing Kingdom possest by Mizraim changed her antient Name and became Egypt at such time as Aegyptus or Ramasis the son of Belus having expelled his Brother Danâ—us or Armeus into that part of Greece now called Morea by whom the Argives were made Danai which happen'd 877. years after the Flood in the time of Joshua as St. Augustine conjectureth out of Eusebius This Country by the Jews was called Misraim the Caldeans Misrai the Assyrians Misri the Arabians Mesra the Moors Missir and Babara by the Antient Inhabitants Chemia and Hamia by the Romans Augustanica by Berosus Oceania by Xenophon Ogygia by Herodotus Potamia by Lucian Melambolos alias Milampodus by Homer Hefestia by others Nilea Aeria an Osiria by the Modern Turks El-kebit It is the only Region of Africa that borders upon Asia and though the Air be bad it is the best peopl'd in the World. Nor was it less peopl'd formerly if it be true that in the Reign of Amasis one of their Kings it contain'd above twenty thousand Cities The extraordinary quantities of Corn which it yielded caus'd the Antients to call it the publick Granary of the World. And the plenty or scarcity of the whole Roman Empire was still according to the Harvest of Egypt Nile by the Inundation of his Stream which is full of Nitre gives the Ground this fertility The Plants grow in such abundance that they would choke one another did they not strow the Fields with Sand. The Western part of Nile is more fruitful than the Eastern Besides Corn this Country affords Rice Sugar Dates Senna Cassia Balsom Hides Flax and Linen They know little who say that it rains not there For the ordinary time of Rains and Winds begins in the Month of December or Kijahak and continues till January and February at the Eve of Pentecost in the year 1672. there was Rain at Ros tte and on the 24 of November the Rains fell at Cairo teste F. Vansleb So that it is a great Error to say it never Rains in Egypt besides there are often wet Mists and in all seasons of the year when the Nights are serene there is much Dew that falls but when the Nights are cloudy there is no Dew To this day also Egypt shews us Pyramids Obelisques Labyrinths and other Works of the Antient Kings raised at an incredible expence to testifie their Puissance and to employ their people The Statue of Memnon was there formerly most remarkable as also the Pharos near Alexandria In the Lake Meris is said to be seen the place where the Labyrinth stood wherein they say There were above thirty three hundred Rooms Mommies which are frequent in this Country are nothing but the Bodies of dead Men embalmed and buried in Vaults carefully provided for that purpose where they keep entire two or three thousand years About five Miles from Cairo as one Stephen Dublies reports being an eye witness there is a place in which on every Good-friday there appears a great many Heads and Legs of Men rising out of Ground By late Relations 't is said to be only a Trick of the Water-men to get Money The Palm-trees may be reckoned among the Rarities of Egypt they grow in couples Male and Female and do not fructifie but by coiture the Fruit it bears is known by the name of Dates in taste much like Figs and all its parts are of several uses as the Pith for a Sallet the Husk of the Cod for Cordage the Leaves for Fans Feathers c. Egypt at the beginning had Native Kings who governed their Subjects with a free and unlimited Authority and till the Government of Psammenitus Son of Amasis who rul'd in the year of the World 3454 were all called by one general Sirname or Title of Pharaoh being a Name of Dignity as with us the Name of Emperor or King. But tho' Egypt hath been always of old governed by Kings yet the Royal Seats have been changed The first Royal Seat we read of was Tanis where was Pharaoh's Court and where God performed great Wonders Thebes also was the Royal Seat. Then Memphis which was the Seat of the Kings of the Race of Coptus till Nebuchadonozer sacked it Alexandria where the Greek Kings resided for nine hundred years till the Arabians took Egypt and made Fostat near old Cairo the Metropolis After Giauher had built Cairo about the year of the Hegira 362 he made that the Royal Seat which continues to this time The Egyptians were antiently Heathens almost every City had a God to adore Abusir or the old Busiris worshipped a Calf Alexandria the antient Racotis adored a Serapis of Stone Achmin the old Panos acknowledged Apollo Bana worshipped a Dog Bassa or the old Bubastis had for a God a Lion of Stone Eida adored a Serapis Ischemunein or the antient Hermepolis worshipped a Man of Stone Isvan called by the Copties Sâ—van reverenced the Tree Lebaca Cous worshipped the Moon and Stars Mindadi the Fig tree of Pharaoh Memphis a Calf Atrib or the old Atribis adored a Calf of Stone Semenant which is the antient Sebennis worshipped a Calf of Brâ—ss Sa a Hog of Stone Tuba had respect for the Water according to an old Manuscript in Arabick Cambyses the Son of Darius in the year of the World 3454 was the first that made
The last Kings of Tombote were reported to have great store of Gold in Bars and Ingots The Kingdom of Guâ—lâ—ta affords Millet Genehâ—a is rich in Cotton In that of Agades stands a City indifferently well built Borno formerly the Country oâ— the Garamanâ—es is inhabited by a People that have all things in common every particular person acknowledging them for his Children which are most like 'em the most flat nos'd being acconuted the most beautiful They of Senega trade in Slaves Gold-dust Hides Gums and Civets The Negro's there are very strong and therefore bear a better price those of Guiny are good but not so strong for which reason they are usua ly put to work within doors 'T is the Proverb That he that would have good service from a Negro must give him little Meat keep him to hard Labor and beat him often To the South of Niger lie several little Kingdoms that of Melli with a City containing six thousand Houses Gago abounding in Gold. Zâ—â—râ—g considerable for its â—rade Zâ—nfara fertile in Corn. To reckon any more of their Towns would be as tedious as unnecessary as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade And indeed all these Kingdoms and People are so little known that 't is not worth the time and pains to speak more of them I shall only say That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana or Cano of its Greatness Riches and Trade of its King Government Palace c. But how far to be credited must be left to those who have been in those parts the Portugals and Hollanders having been the chief Traders on these Coasts Of GVINY Giny is a long Coast of Land contained between the Cape of Sirra Leone on the West and the River Camerones on the East containing about seven or eight hundred Leagues in length and not above one hundred or one hundred and fifty in breadth It is divided into three principal Parts called Maleguete Guiny and Benin Under the Name of Malaguete is contained all that Land between the Capes of Sirra Leona and Palmâ—s and is so called from the abundance of Mâ—leguete a sort of Spice like Pepper but much stronger than that of India and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as strong as the best of ours Guiny extends from Cape Palmas to the River Voltas it is the largest and best known of all the three Parts its Coast from Cape Palmas to Cape three Punctas is called the Ivory Coast that which is beyond it is called the Cold Coast where are the Kingdoms of Sabou Foetu Accara and others The Kingdom of Benin which is the third Part hath more than two hundred and fifty Leagues in length Cape Formosa dividing it into two parts its principal City so called is esteemed the greatest and best built of any in Guiny the King thereof is said to keep five or six hundred Wives The whole Coast of Guiny is subject to such excessive heats that were it not for the Rains and the coolness of the Nights it would be altogether unhabitable It furnishes other Countries with Parrats Apes White Salt Elephants Teeth Hides Cotton Wax Ambergreefe Gold and Slaves The Natives are reputed to be presumptuous Thieves Idolaters and ver superstitious keeping their Festisoes day or Sabbath on the Thursday there is Saint George of the Mine built by the Portugals but now in the possession of the Hollander as also the Ports Nassau Cormentin and Axima To the English among others belongs Cape Corse and to the Danes Frederic's burgh The best City that belongs to the Negro's is Ardra toward the Coast in Benin 〈…〉 Govern'd by a King who sent an Embassador to Paris toward the end of the year 1670 for the settlement of a Trade The Baboons in Guiny do the Natives very great pieces of service For they fetch Water turn the Spit and wait at Table c. Nubia is three hundred Leagues in length and two hundred in breadth It preserves some remains of Christianism in the old Churches and in their Ceremonies of Baptism The Nubians are under a King who always keeps a Body of Horse upon the Frontiers of his Kingdom as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours the Abâ—ssius and Turkish Historians credibly relates that an Army of one hundred thousand Horse was rais'd and lead against one of the Governors of Egypt by a King of Nubia Out of this Country the Merchants export Gold Civet Sandal-wood Ivory Arms and Cloath The Nubians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Caire and other Cities of that Country They have a subtile and penetrating Poyson an ounce whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats Insomuch that one of the principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties which he receives for the Exportation of this Poyson They sell it to strangers upon condition they shall not make use of it within the Kingdom There grow Sugar-Canes in the Country but the Natives know not what to do with them There are among them a sort of Bereberes of the Musselman Religion who travel in Troops to Cairo where they put themselves into service and return again as soon as they have got ten or twelve Piasters together The Capital Cities are Nubia and Dancala near to Nile The rest so little known that it suffices to see their names in the Maps A Relation made in the year 16 7 tell us That the King of Dancala pays a Tribute in Linen Cloath to the King of the Abyssius Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country as being the place that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer Of ETHIOPIA Or HABESSINIA HABESSINIA Seu ABASSIA at ETHIOPIA By R. Morden So little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Ethiopia that having met with the Ethiopick History of Job Ludolfus which is the most exact Account extant I have been the larger in taking an Abstract of it 'T is seated as this Author tells us in Africa above Egypt beyond Nubia between the eighth and sixteenth Degree of North Latitude contrary to all our Maps extant which extends it self to the fourteenth or fifteenth Degree South Latitude So that the length of it from North to South is not more than four hundred and eighty Miles of sixty to a Degree but according to the old Maps it was more than one thousand eight hundred of the same Miles and the length of it is about six hundred Miles from the Red-Sea at the Port of Bailleur to the River Nilus at the farthest limits of Dembea Towards the North it joyns to the Kingdom of Fund or Sennar by the Portugals Fungi a part of the antient Nubia towards the Fast it was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea But now the Turks are Masters of Arkiko the Island Matzua and all that Coast only the Prince of Dancale who commands the Port of Baylur is a Friend to the Abessines But the King of Adel a Mahumetan upon the straits of Bab-elman dab the Dreadful Mouth
Forests that the pleasantness of their Fruits the Verdure of their Herbs and the beauty of their Flowers give refreshment and delights to the Inhabitants all the year long That 't is a Country fertile in Grains rich in Pastures full with Rivers and Lakes stored with delicate Fish and Tortoise that their Honey is Medicinal their Balm excellent for Wounds that they have inexhaustible quantities of Ebony and Brazil store of Cacoa and Tobacco plenty of Sugar Canes and Rocon for the dying of Scarlet besides Gold Silver and other Metals which are found there That they observed an hundred and fifty different Nations upon and about the Banks of the Amazone of which the Homagues are excellent for their Manufactures of Cotton Cloath The Corosipares for their Earthen Vessels The Sarines for their Joynery Work. The Topinamubes for their power As for the Amazonian Women from whence it is pretended this River took its name many and strange Relations have been writ of them All I can find of it is that when the Inhabitants were in Arms at the arrival of the Spaniards there were some Women so couragious as to be amongst them but never any Country of such and therefore as fabulous as those of whom the Greeks have formerly writ such wonders Of PERV PERV is a name so remarkable that under the same many times all the other parts of Southern America are comprehended It lies almost all under the Torrid Zone and yet it has not the qualities of the Countries in our Hemisphere that lie under the same Zone There are in it three sorts of Countries very different the one from the other the Plain the Hill and the Andes The Plain lies near the Sea nothing delightful being sandy and subject to Earthquakes The hilly Country consists of Vallies Hills and Mountains where it is very cool The Andes where it almost continually rains are very high Mountains yet fertile and well peopled The Plain is not above twelve Leagues broad the Hilly Country twenty and the Andes as broad as that So that under the name of Peru are comprehended more Lands than are subdued by the Spaniards The Spaniards have a Vice-Roy in that Country where they have particularly fortified Arica being the place where the Merchandises of Lima and the Wealth of Potosi are brought They invaded this Kingdom under Pizarro in the year 1525. But the Civil Wars that ensued hindred for some time the absolute Conquest of the Country The Indians that cannot defend themselves pay Tribute The King of Spain receives vast Treasures out of the Mines of Peru. For the principal Cities are full of it and the very Earth is oftentimes nothing but Gold and Silver So that Peru is certainly the richest Country in the World. And it reported that the Spaniards made above twenty Millions of Ducates of their first Voyage thither The Ways are so secure from Robbery that four Musqueteers serve for a Convoy for three or four thousand Ducates The Inca's were Hereditary Kings of Peru for above three hundred years before the Invasion of the Spaniards They had made there two High-ways the one along the Plain where it required an extraordinary Expence to settle the Sand the other over the Mountain where it was as necessary to fill up the Valleys These High-ways were every one of them five hundred Leagues in length and upon the Road stood Houses whither Travellers were carried and entertained by the Natives upon freecost The same Inca's had also reared Temples to the Sun to the Moon and to the Stars which they call Ladies attending the Moon to Lightning Thunder and Thunder-bolts and to the Rain-bow which they said executed the Sun's justice It is reported that their Polities were not unlike those of the Greeks and Romans that their Government was mild free and liberal And that they divided the Earth into three parts the first high the second low and the third under ground signifying Earth Heaven and Hell. Atabalippa who was one of those Kings said That the Pope was not a Wise Man to give away that which was none of his own and that for his part he had more reason to prefer the Divinity of the Sun than of a Man that was crucified He also threw away a Breviary which they presented because it spoke never a word of Christ of whom they told him it related great things This unfortunate Prince being defeated and taken by the Spaniards at Caxamalca offer'd for his liberty as much Gold as could be heaped up half way in a Hall seven and twenty foot long sixteen foot wide and proportionably high nevertheless they put him to death as a Traytor and a Tyrant It is not to be wondred that the Inca's had such vast store of Gold and Silver for they had framed in Gold all the Creatures and Plants imaginable in their Temples also they put great numbers of Statues of all pure Gold and adorn'd with precious Stones The Edifices were demolished by the Spaniards who expected to find Gold in the Materials and in the cement of the Stones though they got a prodigious Sum besides The Provinces of Peru are Quito Los Reyes Los Charcas and La Sierra Quito which produces much Gold Cotton and Physical Drugs has a City of the same Name the antient Residence of Inca Guaynacapa The Province de los Reyes contains the best Cities in the Country Lima and Cusco Lima is new and one of the best in all America though it contain not above six thousand Inhabitants There are also about four thousand Negroes but they keep them disarm'd for fear of revolting The great Trade of the Town the Residence of the Vice-Roy and the Archbishop make it the Capital City of Peru. Calâ—ao a City and a Port two Leagues from Lima is able to receive and secure several Vessels Cusco built four hundred years before the Spaniards took it very well peopled because the King usually kept his Court and obliged the Lords of the Country to build them Houses and dwell in the City with their Children The Province de los Charcas contains the Cities of La Plata and Potosi which is the best inhabited place in all the West Indies for it is stored with all conveniencies and delights of this Life for which reason several People go to live there The Silver Mines in her Mountains are certainly the richest in the World and no way subject to the Water as the other Mines are The King of Spain had from thence a Million of Ducates formerly for his fifth but for some time since the Rent has fallen At the Island Perico was the Fight between the Buccaniers and Spaniards where the Buccaniers took five Ships the Buccaniers were but sixty eight Men the Spaniards two hundred and twenty eight At Gorgona Island the Buccaniers carreen'd At the Isle of Plate Sir F. Drake made the Dividend of that vast quantity of Plate which he took from the S. Armada which the Spaniards say was twelve score