a peace Enguerrant de Mâ—…let Vpon an vnexpected assault by the French the King stâ—…eth further talke of peace A. D. 1415. March 14. * Nichol. Gilles Alain Chartier Secretarie an Roy Charles 7. * Hist. of Normandie saith 800. Rich. Grafton Harflew besieged by the French both by land and sea Enguerrant de Monstrel The Emperour out of hope to make attonement for France entreth league with England * Titus Liui. The Pope might not be opposed Agâ—…ino Giustiâ—…ano Vâ—…scouo di 〈◊〉 Paul Aemilâ—… Alain Charâ—…ey Secretarie French Nauy ouâ—…rthrowne History of Normandy La Mer des Histories The Emperour applaudeth the â—…city of England He prepareth for Germany Denis Sauage Chro. de Fland. The Duke of Burgundy doth homage to the Emperour and taketh a truce with K. Henrie Ioh. Serres in 〈◊〉 Charles 6. That no person should forsake the Towne for being true to K. Henry they should be safe Neither person nor goods of the Castels to be re ceiued into the Towne During the truce no assault to bee made on the Towne 12. Knights and Esquires to bee hostage to King Henry A. D. 1417. Fallais yeelded to the King The Articles agreed vpon That if they were not succoured by the French power to surrender That they should trust to the kings royall promise Geffrey Chasteaux excepted That the gouernour should repaire the wals 8. Gentlemen to be hostages The Castell repaired the Gouernour should be â—…et at liberty * Febru 16. The City of Roane besieged Polyd. Verg. Enguerrant de Monstreâ—… 15000. Citizens well trained within Roane The Riuer Seine blockt vp with Iron-Chaines Caxton Chron. Denis Sauage Roane besieged sixe monthes 50000. quite famished and 12000. almost starued put out of the Towne The Lady Katherines picture sent to King Henry to moue him to pitty Roane Iohn Serres Denis Sauage Enguerrant Ten thousand of Roane sally forth vpon King Henry and are ouerthrowne King Charles sendeth no succour The Rouennois desire a parley They returne vnsatisfied The Articles of the composition of Roane Denis Sauage Chron. de Flaunders King Henry requireth 356000. Crownes Enguerrant de Monstrel Two principall persons to bee left to his mercy All to sweare fealty to King Henry That their priuiledges should be confirmed to them That who so would might depart but their goods should bee forfeit The souldiers to resigne vp their armes and deâ—… part promising a twelue months truce The hungry Citizens plentifully relieued from Henries campe A fat mutton sould for 6. souses King Henry roially entreth the City Rouen 15. yeeres before the now winning of it was wonne by K. Philip from King Iohn of England Many Townes yeeld after the sorrender of Rouen Burgogne endeuoreth to make a peace betweene Charles and Henrie Polyd. Verg. The place of treaty was at Melun The French states came first Henry meeteth with a thousand horse Their followers on both parts though enemies demeane themselues ciuilly King Henry dis pleaâ—…d at their retuâ—…all The Dukes reply Burgogne sideth with the â—…ulphin who after ward slew him Ponthois besieged Enguerrant de Monstrelet The souldiers got great riches in the Towne King Charles vpon the loâ—…e oâ—… Poâ—… thâ—… flieth from Paris Enguerrant de Monstrelet Guillart and Rochguien two of the best Forts in Normandy A cunning plot of the Constable Armagnac 2. Sam. 17. Queene Isabell robd of her Iewels and plate The Daulphin drawes the King to suspect Queen Isabell. Aâ—…ls of Burgundy Queene Isabel and her sister imprisoned Shee solliciteth Burgogne for her deliuerance Burgogne sendeth to the Queene The manner of her escape from her keepers Shee is made Regent of France 10. Serres The causes why the French were the easier conquered by king Henry Eccles. 2. 19. The occasion of King Charles distemper Orleance newly married is in loue with another Câ—… dismist the Court for telling the Dutchesse of the incontinency of her husband King Charles pursueth Craon into Britaine Notwithstanding his sicknes he continueth his iourney Charles in the forrest at Noon-day seeth an apparition His followers thronging confusedly to helpe doe distemper him the more He runneth distractiuely at euery one with his sword Iohn Duke of Burgogne suspected of the State Charles the Daulphin seeketh his remouall Iohn Serres Burgogne repairing to the Daulphin is charged with breach of promise He is slaine by Tanneguy de Chastel and others Queene Isabel incites his sonne to reuenge it and moues Charles to disinherite the Daulphin and adopt King Henry Guil. Parradyn A peace concluded betweene K. Henry K. Charles and the new Duke of Buâ—…gogne King Henrie sollicites the Pope to confirme him King of France The Calamities of France for withstanding the right of the English La legende des Flamens The Pope stood for the Daulphin Alain Chartier Enguerrant de Monstrel Ambassadors from King Henry History of Normandy Ladie Katherine attended as Queene of England Henry goeth in person to Troyes History of Normandy The Articles agreed vpon betwixt the two kings Queene Katherines Dowry The Crowne of France intailed to England The gouernment of France assigned to King Henrie The subiects of France sworne to King Henry The tenor of the oath Churches Vniuersities and Colledges to enioy their liberties Normandy to be vnder the Crown of France Letter Grant gifts c. signed by King Charles And by King Henry King Henries stile duâ—…ing King Charles his life The vnion of the Crownes The vnion of the Subiects No peace with the Daulphin The punishment of the peace-breakers Holinsh. The testies of these Articles Wil. Parradin Annals of Burg. * Titus 〈◊〉 sets downe his Oath verbatim * Enguerrant Nicholas Vigneur Hollinsh King Henry married to Ladie Katheriâ—… History of Normandy Hollinshed but Polyd. 〈◊〉 aâ—…th this speech was deliuered before at their swearing of fealty Polyd. Verg. King Henries Oration vnto the States of France Polyd. Verg. The Daulphins counterplots to vphold himselfe Denis Sauage in Chro. de Fland. Enguerrant de Monstrel Monstreau beseeged and gotten Io. Millet Holinsh. Tis. Linius Melun beseeged and gotten Enguerrant King Henry fighteth in single Combat Translator of Liuie Enguerrant The French refuse to submit to their owne King Nichol. Giles Paris yeelded vp to King Henry * Dat. 23. Iuly An 1420. Denis Sauage Picardy sweares fealty to King Henry Enguerrant Enguerrant de Monstrelet Enguerrant A noble example of Iustice. Iohn Millet Iohn Millet The two Kings entred Paris The two Queens enter Paris Denis Sauage Millet Enguerrant de Monstr The two Kings sit personally in iudgement Processe against the murtherers of the Duke of Burgundy Iohn Serres The Daulphin cited to appeere and disinherited King Henry himselfe giues sentence iudicially Holinsh A quirke of Heraldy to ouerthrow a Iudiciall sentence A Parliament at Paris Holinsh. * Where they yet remaine saith Hollinsh p 578. King Henry returneth into England Enguerrant de Monstrelet Ex Antiq. M. S. D. Roberti Cotton Ex. Record Parl. 9. Hen. 5. The King pawneth his Crowne for money Pontus Herterm
Nations The City is driuen to some miserie through the beginning want of all things for the siege had now endured about 60. daies not without much bloudshed on both sides The Earle of Salisburie impatient of such delay purposeth to giue a generall assault The better to consider vpon the course hee stands to take view at a window barred with Iron which ouerlookt the City toward the East Behold how God began to vncutte the knot of those bands with which the English held France bound a bullet of a great piece which lay ready leueld at that window discharged by the Gunners sonne a lad stroke the grates whose splinters so wounded the Earle and one Sir Thomas Gargraue that they both dyed of the incurable hurts within few dayes Heare now the common iudgement of Writers concerning this Earles losse Presently after the death of this man the fortune of the war changed Now both mortall and immortall powers beganne to looke fauourably vpon the State of France This to the English was Initium malorum for after this mishappe they rather lost then wanne so that by little and little they lost all their possession in France and albeit that somwhat they got after yet for one that they wan they lost three So that Polydor not without cause after many other great praises doth elsewhere call him the man in whom the safety of the English state consisted The vertue therefore of a fortunate Generall is inestimable 14 Howbeit the siege did not determine with his life William Earle of Suffolke the Lord Talbot the rest maintained the same all the winter The wants of the Campe were relieued from Paris by a conuoy vnder the guard of Sir Iohn Fastolfe and fifteene hundred souldiers who arriued safe in despite of all the attempts to distresse thē which the French made The City would yeeld it selfe but not to the English The Duke of Burgundie they were content should haue the honour A subtle stratagem rather then an offer of yeelding for there was likelihoode in it to breake thereby the amity betweene the English and him The Regent and his Counsell being sent vnto thought it not reasonable Aemylius erroniously makes the late Earle of Salisbury the Author of that refusall neither indeed was it theirs hauing beene the cost and labour The Duke of Burgundy construed this repulse sowerly which marred his taste of the English friendshippe euer after yet the Regents answere was iust and honest That the warre was made in King Henries name and therefore Orleance ought to be King Henries Among these difficulties stood the French affaires Charles of France vnderstanding the miserable straites of his deare City ignorant how to remedy so neere a mischiefe there presented herselfe vnto him at Chinon a yong maid about eighteene yeeres old called Ioan of Loraine daughter to Iames of Arck dwelling in Domremy neere Va◅caleurs a Shepheardesse vnder her father whose flockes shee tended bids him not faint and constantly affirmes that God had sent her to deliuer the Realme of France from the English yoake and restore him to the fulnesse of his fortunes Shee was not forthwith credited but when the wise of both sorts aswell Clerkes as Souldiers had sifted her with manifold questions she continued in her first speech so stedfastly vttering nothing but that which was modest chast and holy that honour and faith was giuen vnto her sayings An old woman directed her Ioan armes her selfe like a man and requires to haue that sword which hung in S. Katherines church of Fierebois in Touraine This demaund encreased their admiration of her for such a sword was found among the old Donaries or Votiue tokens of that Church Thus warlikely arrayed she rides to Blois where forces and fresh victuals lay for the reliefe of Orleance Shee with the Admirall and Marshall of France enters safe This did greatly encourage the fainting French Ioan the maide of God so they called her though some haue written that it was a practise or imposture writes thus to de la Pole Earle of Suffolke who succeeded Salisbury in the maine charge of that siege 15 King of England do reason to the King of heauen for his bloud royall yeeld vp to the Virgine the keyes of all the good Cities which you haue forced She is come from heauen to reclaime the bloud royall and is ready to make a peace if you bee ready to doe reason yeeld therefore and pay what you haue taken King of England I am the chiefe of this war wheresoeuer I encounter your men in France I will chase them wil they or no. If they will obey I will take them to mercy The Virgine comes from heauen to driue you out of France If you will not obey shee will cause so great a stirre as the like hath not beene these thousand yeeres in France And beleeue certainly that the king of heauen will send to her and her good men of Arms more force then you can haue Goe in Gods name into your Country bee not obstinate for you shall not hold France of the King of Heauen the sonne of S. Marie but Charles shall enioy it the King and lawfull heire to whom God hath giuen it Hee shall enter Paris with a goodly traine you William de la Pole Earle of Suffolke Iohn Lord Talbot Thomas L. Scales Licutenants to the Duke of Bedford and you Duke of Bedford terming your selfe ◅egent of the Realme of France spare innocent bloud and leaue Orleance in liberty If you doe not reason to them whom you haue wronged the French will doe the goodliest exploit that euer was done in Christendome Vnderstand these newes of God and of the Virgine Yet Charles had at this time no whole Countries vnder his obedience but Languede◅ and Daulphin against which both the Sauoyard and Burgundian prepared but miscarried the Prince of Orenge the third confederate being discomfited 16 This letter was entertained by the English with laughter Ioan reputed no better then a Bedlam or Enchantresse Though to some it may seem more honourable to our Nation that they were not to bee expelled by a humane power but by a diuine extraordinarily reuealing it selfe Du Serres describes this Paragon in these words Shee had a modest countenance sweete ciuill and resolute her discourse was temperate reasonable and retired her actions cold shewing great chastity without vanity affectation babling or courtly lightnesse Let vs not dissemble what wee finde written By her encouragements and conduct the English had Orleance pluckt out of their hopes after they had suffered the Duke of Alanson to enter with new force and with much losse were driuen to raise the siege Ioan herselfe was wounded at one sallie in which shee led being shot through the arme with an arrow Iudge what she esteemed of that hurt when shee vsed these admirable and terrible words This is a fauour let
was made a Prouince by the valour and industry of Iulius Agricola the first Roman that found it an Iland and left it more ciuill and in subiection to the Roman Empire and by the way I will insert some of such ancient Coynes as among them were then vsed expressing their names and places of coynage THE KINGS AND GOVERNORS OF GREAT BRITAIN VVITH THE ANCIENT COINES VSED IN THEIR TIMES CHAPTER VI. THe first British Coyne as is supposed both by the fashion thereof being shield-like and Name thereupon inscribed REXCOM denoteth Comius if he be a Britaine King of the Atrebatij in this Iland whom some iudge to haue fled thence vnto Caesar as a traytor to his Natiue country and in Gallia vanquished those parts that lay coasted against the Whight wherein by Ptolemy the people called likewise the Atrebatij inhabited ouer whom he receiued the gouernment by the gift of Caesar and was by him imploied to worke the Britaines to his obedience And that he was King of the Atrebatij in Britaine may be strengthned by that which Caesar in his second book of Commentaries affirmeth where by his owne knowledge he saith that one Diuitiacus raigned ouer a great part of Gallia and some portion of Britaine also and so likewise this Comius is reported to be of great respect among our Britaines and able in that country to doe much Neither is it altogether vnlikely seeing the Britaine 's distasted his loyalty to Caesar and his Ambassage for their subiection with such dislikes that they laid violent hands only vpon him and cast him in prison vsing no such rigor against the rest of their owne Ambassadors Notwithstanding when successe altered they set him at liberty and made him their meanes to pacifie Caesar. Other Coynes I haue inserted to such British princes as by their inscriptions are known to be theirs And whereas some are not yet noted by that honor to the world I haue vnto such added only blankes if happily more be reueiled hereafter and the bowels of the earth deliuer to others her treasures hid as formerly and in these our searching daies she hath already done 2 Cassibelan as the most worthy among the Britains Kings to withstand the common danger now ready to light vpon them all by the inuasions and wars of the Romans was by a generall consent chosen their chieftaine though in times past he had molested his neighbouring prouinces to the inlargement of his owne Whose signiories as Caesar saith were seuered from the Cities towards the sea coast by the riuer Thames about fourescore miles from the same He had obtained the gouernment of the Trinobantes by the slaughter of Imanuence and the expulsion of Mandubrace his sonne And with great valour held opposit to the Romans vntill the reuolt of his chiefe Citie the Cenimagues Segontians Ancalits Bibroces Cassians and other states which drew backe and yeelded to the enemie his confederates the foure Kings of Kent ouerthrown his owne towne won and himselfe forced to yeeld vnto Caesar and the land to pay a tribute of 3000. pound yeerly to Rome A British Coyne of gold with the inscription CAS in scattered letters we haue inserted as also another wheron is instamped the word VER supposed to be his because it is thought to haue bin coined in antient Verolam the City of Cassibelan and that in his daies before the Romans won it 3 Cingetorix whom Caesar calleth Kings that raigned in Kent were instigated by Cassibelan suddainly to set vpon and to assault the Roman forces that lay incamped vpon the sea shore whilst he kept Caesar occupied further in the mayne which thing they attempted but failed of their hoped expectation their men being slaine three of them chased and Cingetorix the chiefest taken captiue This heauy newes and vnfortunate successe caused Cassibelan to sue vnto Caesar and by the meanes of Comius obtained his peace Caruill Taximagull Segonax 4 Mandubrace a prince of the Trinobantes but a traytor to his country whose father Imanuence being slaine by Cassibelan and his owne life likewise sought after and in danger fled vnto Caesar into Gallia and followed his fortunes in the wars wherein he was a great spurre vnto Caesars forwardnesse for Britain both to be reuenged vpon the murtherer of his father and to recouer the gouernment of the Trinobantes vsurped by Cassibelan preferring his owne ambitious desire and the reuenge of one mans death before the freedome of his natiue Country or the deaths of many his coūtrimen that daily stopped the Romans passage with streames of their blood He recouering his chiefest City with the protection of the Romans yeelded subiection forty hostages to Caesar whose example drew others to sell their owne liberty to buy many miseries at too deere a rate and with too late repentance him doth Beda call Androgorius 5 Cenimagues Inhabitants of Norfolk Suff. Cam. c. Segontians Hantshire Ancalits Hendly hund in Oxford Bibroces Bray hund in Barkshire Cassians Caishow hund in Hartf These people or states seeing the proceedings and happy successe of Caesar after the example of the Trinobantes whose chiefest Citie had yeelded him obedience and were thereby secured and protected from the harmes of his souldiers sent him likewise their submissions and were accepted into subiection so ready were they to saue their owne stakes that they left the whole to the hazard of losse which soone after followed as an ouerflowing flood wherein was lastly drenched the whole Ilands liberty 6 Cunobeline for so vpon his Coynes his name is instamped was the son of Theomantius and he the sonne of Lud as say our British historians by whom his name is corruptly written Kymbeline he liued at Rome and in great fauour with Augustus Caesar the Emperor by whom he was made Knight and by his meanes the peace of Britain was continued without the paiment of their Tribute as Fabian out of Guido de Columna hath gathered In the foureteenth yeere of his raigne the Day-star of Iacob appeared and the rod out of I shal did flourish from the wombe of a Virgin when the wonderfull Counsellor the mighty God and Prince of Peace the Emmanuel with vs was borne at Beth-lehem of his maiden-mother the blessed Virgin Mary and was made man like vnto vs in all things sinne only excepted These were the times that great Kings and Prophets desired to see but sà w them not when the Wolfe and the Lambe the Leopard and the Kid the Calfe and the Dyon fed together for war was not heard of then in the world but rather their swords were made into mattocks and their speares turned into sithes as the Prophets Sibyls and Poets from them haue affirmed In Rome the temple of Ianus was shut and in Britaine Cunobeline enioied peace with the rest of the world and his fame made more famous by the many Coynes instamped of him and whose face thereon among all the British Kings was first inscribed as
whom Comius before remembred was imploied whom they had retained in strait prison for Caesars cause but now made him a meane to worke their peace which was granted after some soft and gentle reproofes with hostages receiued for performance of Couenants and resort of their Nobles to Caesars campe to yeeld themselues and Cities to his will 8 These Britaines although rude in regard of the Romanes and vnmatchable to them in educated ciuilitie yet were so skilfull in the affaires of warre and so ready to discerne the least aduantage that they easily perceiued the weaknesse of Caesars power both in want of horsemen to equall their wagons wherein chiefly stood the strength and order of their fight as also of ships for seruice and safety as occasions should be offred whereby their mindes touching their promised submission began to wauer and the matter with better aduice to be pleaded in their assemblies for that not only these foresaid ships for Caesars supply were dispersed and hindred but euen his owne flect which lay then in harbour by the rage of winde and sea beeing then spring tide and the moone in the full was not onely filled with waues but also their tacklings sailes and anchours spoiled or lost the violent storme so dashing the bulkes one against another that their bruised bottomes were thereby made vnfit for burden 9 This losse was so great that it is accounted the first of the three aduerse fortunes which euer happened to Caesar in all his proceedings and it was so well obserued by the Britaines that immediately they intended a reuolt and in Counsell vrged this as the materiall point that breathed hope and life to their former liberties condemning themselues as impious if they should refuse to ioine consent with the heauens whose elements had thus farre fought for their freedome and full deliuerance assuring themselues if on this aduantage they might cut off these new guests that neuer any afterward would aduenture to enter Britanny in hostile manner And thereupon they began both to slacke the performance of couenants and daily to withdraw themselues from Caesars Campe which gaue him iust occasion to suspect whereat they aimed And to preuent their proceedings he as wisely wrought for first repairing his Nauie with the huls timber and tackling of the most bruised ships with the losse of twelue ships only the rest were made able to brooke the seas And prouiding against the aduantage of the enemie he sent foorth the seuenth Legion for forrage to supplie any occasion 10 This Legion taking the coast cleere and little surmising so sudden a reuolt fell to the sickle and sithe like haruest labourers and laid their weapons apart mistrusting no Enemie Now the Britaines as forward to put in practise what they had determined closely had laid themselues in ambush for thither they knew the enemie would come a peece of corne there standing whereas in all other parts haruest was past and so hauing these workmen in their danger suddenly fell vpon them slaying some and forcing the rest out of their array who not knowing the order of their fight cast themselues in a ring the best defensiue forme of embattelling and stood on their guard as they might but had they not happily beene rescued Caesar had lost one whole Legion at that time 11 For though this skirmish thus in acting was altogether vnknowne and vnexpected to the rest of the Romans yet by the rising of the dust appearing to the Coherts that warded before their Campe the same was mistrusted which caused Caesar in all haste to make thitherward with part of his host 12 The Britaine 's thus preuented seeing more supply to maintaine the battle stood still without further stroke and the Romanes as much amazed at this sudden attempt and order of their fight made a stand not venturing any further Which order in fight so often mentioned and so much admired in Caesars words we will declare the rather because some haue thence collected that the Britaine 's were the ofspring of the Troians who with other Easterne Nations only vsed this kinde of fight in Chariots 13 They vsed saith he to ride in wagons against the approch of the enemie and to circulate them about with a whirling compasse and ratling noise each waies casting their darts as they did driue and euer as they saw aduantage would winde themselues in amongst the horse and foot to breake the array which done they would for sake their wagons and onfoot most dangerously assaile the enemie In the meane while the Wagoners would with-draw themselues somewhat out of the battle and place their wagons in such order that if their masters were ouer-charged they might haue speedy accesse and opportunity of retrait by which meanes they were euer as quicke to mooue as were horsemen and as stedfast to stand the battle as were the foot whereby they did supply the duties of both at once and by daily exercise grew so expert in managing their horses that running them forcibly downe a steepe hill they would stop and turne them in the mid-way and they would run along the beame and stand firme vpon the yoke whence with like facility they would againe returne into their Chariots This order Caesar so well obserued as that notwithstanding his desire of reuenge yet wanting his horsemen as he pretended wherein consisted the chiefest resistance hee durst attempt no further on them but was content to keepe the field without profer of battle 14 The Britaine 's likewise hopelesse of further successe at that present departed without any impeachment intending to prosecute their cause with a greater and more generall supplie and thereupon sent messengers to their seuerail States with notice of their hopes against so small a power whose Campe by them if any way might bee vanquished the purchase of spoile besides their frced liberties would requite the paines 15 These States though maintaining ciuill factions amongst themselues yet seeing the intended danger of this generall enemie presently assembled a great power purposing yet once againe to trie the hazard and fortune of warre Caesar whose vigilancy did euer equall his valour prepared his armie wherein now only â—…0 horsemen were present and those brought to him by Comius the King The battle ioining continued not long but that the Britaine 's gaue backe and fled whom the Romanes pursued as farre as strength indured and returned with the slaughter of many burning the Country where they came 16 Thus the Britaines once againe vanquished foorthwith sent their third Embassage vnto Caesar desiring peace with promise of quiet subiection whom he with hard termes now reprooued and imposed a double number of hostages to be brought him into Gallia whither he made all possible preparation for that the Aequinoctium drew neere doubting his crazed ships would hardly brooke the winter stormes that vsually rage vpon these Seas And hauing gotten a faire wind imbarked all his forces
about midnight and so brought most of his fleet safe to the continent This enterprise so fortunately accomplished Caesar by his letters made knowen to the Senate who decreed and proclaimed to his honour a generall supplication or thanksgiuing to their Gods for the space of twentie daies together wherein all the Romans clothed in white garments and crowned with garlands went to all the Temples of their Gods and offred sacrifices for so glorious a victorie CESARS SECOND EXPEDITION INTO BRITAINE CHAPTER II. CAESAR expecting the performance of Couenants agreed vpon in the treaty of peace with the Britaines receiued hostages from two of their Cities onely and no more the rest drawing backe refused his subiection whereupon intending not to lose so rich a prey nor to suffer that Sunne to bee eclipsed whose glory thus farre in his Horizon had asâ—…nded hee appeased some troubles in Gallia and in the winter season began his preparation to that enterprise And hauing had experience of his former wants he furnished himselfe accordingly and the next spring following drew his forces towards Calis the shortest cut into Britaine There committing the charge of Gallia to T. Labienus his Lieutenant himselfe with fiue Legions of souldiers 2000. horsemen and 800. ships about going downe of the Sunne loosed from the shoare and with a soft Southerne gale were carried into the streame But about midnight the winde failing and their sailes becalmed the tide diuerted their course so that in the dawning he well perceiued his intended place for landing to be passed 2 Therefore falling againe with the change of tide and indeuours of their Oares about noone the same day hee recouered the shoare euen in the same place and that without any shew of resistance where he had found best landing the Summer before There in conuenient manner he encamped his host and by certaine Fugitiues got notice of the power and place of the enemie 3 And lest delay should afford them aduantage he committed the gouernment of his ships at anchor to Qu. Atrius and his campe on land to the guard of ten Cohorts besides the strength of three hundred horsemen and himselfe with the rest about the third watch of the night tooke their march towards the enemie proceeding with such celeritie that by the day dawning they were entred twelue miles higher into the Continent where seeking to passe a riuer which is supposed to be the water Stower the Britaines with their darts and chariots began in most terrible manner to assault the Romanes But being at length by them repulsed tooke into a wood strongly fortified both by nature and mans industrie For in the time of their owne dissensions they had formerly made this place one of their strongest fortresses and had cut down many trees which ouerthwart the waies of entrance they had bestowed 4 In this they secretly kept and where they saw aduantage would by companies sallie out vpon the enemie to their no little annoiance Whereupon Caesar commanded the seuenth Legion to raise a banke and to build a Testudo of boards couered with raw hides by which meanes the place without much adoe was won and the Britaine 's forced to forsake the woods Whose chase Caesar forbade both in regard the day was neere spent as also that the countrey was altogether vnknowen to the Romanes But the next day the pursuit being begun sudden newes was brought from Q. Atrius that most of his ships the night before by a violent tempest were cast on Land their bulks shaken their cables broken and anchours lost Caesars experience in like mishaps the Summer before made him so much more ready to preuent the worst And therefore recalling his forces in all haste returned to his Campe finding the relation too true in their wracke wherein forty of his ships were quite lost Wherefore he wrote to Labienus his Lieutenant in Gallia for supply of ships thence to bee sent in all haste Then gathering his shipwrights out of the legions with the ruines of the bruised bulkes he repaired the whole and now hauing twice felt the dangers of these seas caused his whole fleet a strange attempt to be drawn on land euen into the midst of the fortifications of his campe so to secure them from the like mishap and that one strength might defend both This Cassibelan present Gouernour of the Trinobants had attained to the possession of their chiefest Citie by the slaughter of Imanuence their former Ruler a man well respected and much lamented after death whose sonne Mandubrace a gentleman of great hope fearing the like danger by the new established authoritie of Cassibelan had made ouer into Gallia crauing Caesars assistance to set him in his right 6 Cassibelan if among these authenticke Authors the British Writers may bee heard was the brother of King * Lud and in the nonage of his nephewes gouerned the Trinobants whose bounds hee sought to enlarge vpon the bordering Countries of his neighbours and in his fortunes had so borne himselfe that he was much maligned and more feared But now all their dangers yoked alike in a common perill they laid aside priuate grudges and held him the only man to support the strength of their troubled and declining estate and by a common consent made him Generall of their warres The expectation of whose proceedings he long delaied not but with a fierce and hot encounter did assaile the Romans and so manfully discharged the parts of his place that in the sight of the whole Campe Quintus Laberius a militarie Tribune was slain in memorie wherof the place as yet though somewhat corruptly is called Iul-laber and Caesar himselfe professeth he learned many points of martiall policie by their braue and running kinde of encountring 7 But his next daies seruice prooued not so fortunate for the Romans hauing learned their owne defects by the former daies experience laid aside their weightie armour that with the more facilitie they might both assaile the enemies and with like nimblenesse auoid their furie they hauing now bestowed their powers dispersedly and scattered their troupes into companies wherby the Romans were still matched with fresh supplies A policie no doubt of no small consequence had not destiny determined the fatall subiection of the Britaines and Fortune now raised the Romans almost to the height of their Monarchie 8 For this failing the Britaines neuer after shewed themselues with any vnited resistance but hauing lost the day departed thinking it better to secure euerie priuate by his owne meanes then by a generall power to hazard all as hopelesse any more to vphold that which the heauens they saw would haue down And Cassibelan himselfe despairing of happy successe drew into his owne territories keeping with him not aboue 4. thousand wagons And fearing the Romans further approch fortified the riuer Thamisis then passable onely in one place with sharpned stakes bound about with lead and driuen so deepe into the
beene from my infancie inflamed with the loue of Books Many works there were of his owne pen though now raked vp in the ruines of the time As his Oration to Iamblicus and other Volumes of various learning remembred by Suidas yet is there extant that wittie Satyre of his of all the Caesars The Register of his Epistle full of worthy obseruations His discourse De Regno wherein hee deciphereth much of his Persian Actions His Hymne to the Sunne a song of a high straine and of a matchlesse delicacie if the subiect had not beene too prophane As for his Misopogon where playing with his own person and beard he sharply reprehendeth the Antiochians of their intemperance in frequenting Stage-Plaies of their impietie in changing Iupiter and Apollo Gods of their Forefathers into the Christ of the Galileans and of couetousnesse in their Magistrates in selling Iustice it is one of the wittiest Inuectiues extant of those middle times In the course of his Religion hee is by the Writers of his owne affection and time rather reported superstitious then deuout and his fancies therein rather to them accounted ridiculous then religious Such was the excesse and waste of Oxen in his sacrifices that it is beleeued if his returne had beene from the Persicke Expedition there would haue beene want of them to supply his Rites and therefore they might happily say as the white Oxen did of the Emperour Marcus Si tu viceris nos perimus Yet were his rules of order to the Priests of his superstitious zeale such as may well become the most religious Church-man of our age to imitate for he prohibited those Priests from gaze of Stage-Playes frequenting Tauernes or exercising any foule or illiberall profession perswading them to imitate the Christians whose bounty to strangers in distresse charity in burying the dead and whose humble manners and sanctitie of life though but dissembled had so much increased their Profession 6 His fortitude appeareth in the processe of his Martiall Actions At three and twenty yeeres hee was made by Constantine his nephew Caesar matched to his sister Helena and sent in person to restraine those barbarous Nations that had forced in vpon the Roman Limits But whether this imploiment was grounded vpon the Emperours owne feare to aduenture his person against these Sauages a desire to nurture this mere Scholar his brother in law in more princely manners who then was rude or to expose him in respect of some iealousy in State to an assured perill it remaineth doubtfull Only himselfe saith that he that bestowed his Title of Caesar libenter dabat qui accepit omninò recusabat for in it hee gained nothing but vt occupatior interiret taking this his Expedition against those Inrodes as a banishment into the Hercinian Desert vt tanquam venator cum feris bellaret and beleeuing himselfe rather thereby called out to an expected death then intended honour But this man then neither of opinion or hope and who should haue seemed to haue effected a point of excellent seruice if hee had no more but defended the frontiers and repelled the Enemies did by his valour performe no lesse then deeds of admiration Hee recouered the reuolted Cities of Gallia ouerthrowing seuen of the mightiest German Princes in one set Battle Hee sent to Rome Chonodomarius and Badonearius two of their greatest Kings as spoiles to adorne the Trophey and attend the triumph of Constantius Hee forced on euery side those to feare his power that had so long beene fearefull to the Roman Empire And had he returned home borne vp only with the merit of this his seruice and opinion of the world and not beene blowne beyond the bounds of his old moderation by a new desire hee had escaped the imputation of ambition and treacherie and beene esteemed a iust successour against whom he is deemed now an vniust vsurper But it may be said that it was a diuine power that inspired it and a strong hand that inforced him to it for from aboue the Porch of his entrance into one of the regained Cities the Wreath of Laurell reserued an ornament of that place fell in wonder vpon his head The Genius of Rome in many apparitions chiding reprehending his slow desire to affect the Empire and restore the State As touching his election he calleth the Gods to witnesse his vnwillingnesse and the publike protestation he made against it at Paris when he was there by the tumultuous Armie saluted Augustus And although by the great prouision made by him of Corne from Britannie to hold a foot the Armie against the plots of Constantius that grew now enuious of his fortune hee may seeme to haue intended the ruine of his Soueraigntie yet doth hee by the Gods of his greatest confidence Iupiter and the Sunne protest Quod Constantium occidere nunquam optauit imò ne id accideret exoptauit 7 But Constantius ending this quarrell and competition by his death Iulian whom a Pithonist had deluded with the hope of Persia telling him that his fortunes should be as his feature like Great Alexander bred in him a thirstie desire after the surname Persicus whereupon hee prepared an Armie for this expedition and seeking the fauor of his Gods the Moone Fortune and Mars embrued their Altars with the Blood of an hundred Buls at once though manie ominous signes as they were interpreted by his Philosophers and Southsaiers forbad the same Such was the great Earthquake happening in Bithynie that swallowed vp the Citie of Nicomedia Riuers likewise are saide to stand drie euen in the heart of winter and Springs forgetting their vsuall boilings yeelded not foorth their wonted waters yea and if wee will beleeue the reporters his successe was foreshewed by the departure of an Angell and by a Meteor gliding in the Aire All which hee sought to preuent by pacifying his Heathenish Gods with multitudes of Sacrifices and with an Armie extended ten miles in length entred Persia cutting asunder the Bridges by which hee passed ouer his men to adde to them more of resolution as their meanes were lesse of returne refusing all humble submission and composition offred him by their King and at the place then called Phrygia ioined Battle against Surena a great Commander among the Persians and Merenes Generall of their Horse accompanied with two of the Kings sonnes whose powers not able to resist the Romans gaue backe and fledde Iulian either vpon a vaine confidence or sudden Alarum had forgot to arme himselfe with his Corslet or Brigandine and in following the disarraied flight of the Persians lift vp his hands in signe of victorie at which very instant a Iauelin strucke thorow his left Arme into the short Ribbes and stucke in the nether lappet of his Liuer which whilest he endeuoured to plucke out did cut the sinewes of his fingers wherat altogether distracted hee fell forwards vpon his horses maine
and thence was carried vnto his Pa◅ From whose hand this Iauclin came faith Amianus God only knoweth Some report the Caster to haue beene a fugitiue Persian others say that from the hand of one of his owne Souldiers it proceeded and Calistus one of his owne Guard that wrote this Battle in Heroicall Verse affirmeth that by some wicked Fiend or Diuell this Iauelin run him thorow Howsoeuer there are that report that in pulling out this Launce and casting it into the aire with his bloud hee should vtter this blasphemous speech and say Thou hast ouercome me O Galilean At his setting foorth he vowed to his Gods a Sacrifice of Christians bloud if hee returned Conquerour but he performed it with his owne His slaine Corpes was carried to Tarsus a City in Cilicia where with small pompe of Funerall Obsequies it was interred neere to the Cities side which place himselfe to that purpose had formerly assigned although Nazianzen affirmeth the earth to haue opened and in a flame of Sulphur to haue sucked vp his body into her Wombe 8 Thus ended this Emperour the twenty sixth of Iune in the two and thirtieth yeere of his age and three hundred sixty and three of Christs Natiuitie when he had raigned Augustus neere three and Caesar full seuen yeeres Whose wit and eloquence needs no further testimonie then the Monuments of his owne Pen nor his religious zeale more then the Function his youth so worthily performed in the Christian Church His Imperiall Vertues we see match him in storie with Titus in moderation with Aurelius and for successe in warre with Traian three of the most excellent Princes and his fortune was to see bounded within his sole greatnesse what the hand of right and sword of tyrannie had so late dispersed But now one Errour his Apostasie disroabing him of all his Morall Vertues leaues him an obiect naked to the vulgar eie but as a Monster of men and marke of infamie I hold it therefore fitting no lesse the vse then the iustice of a Storie to doe him as I haue done all his right since in him we learne that all those admirable endowments of Nature embelished with all the morall and internall graces that Art could adde are not the base of holinesse without diuine grace nor dalliance of Fortune and fulnesse of Empire that made this man wanton and forgetfull is the center of securitie and happinesse without heauenly protection since from the sense of Sacred Pietie hee fell to Pagan Superstition for many are called but few are chosen and in the seat of Presumptuous Maiestie he felt the rod of Diuine Reuenge Discite Iustitiam moniti non temnere Diuos FLAVIVS IOVIANVS CHAPTER XLIX THe mindes of the whole Army being much distracted by the death of Iulian the next day being Iune twenty seuen they met and consulted vpon a new Emperour where for a while two factions were maintained with equall deserts argued till lastly in one accord they both agreee vpon Salustus a man very honourable and wise but withall aged and weake and therefore hee absolutely refused the election Iouianus by them then was nominated in regard of his fathers deserts indifferently commended saith Amianus but Rufinus Theodoret and Socrates attribute great worths vnto himselfe and confidently affirme his vnwillingnesse to accept of that dignitie for that the whole Armie had yeelded to Iulians Idolatrous Edicts openly professing himselfe to be a Christian and withall protesting that he would not be a Soueraigne ouer an Ethnicke Empire vntill by the instance of the Souldiers which declared themselues likewise to be Christians he did accept of the same 2 His Father was Varonianus by birth an Hungarian a Captaine of good note who not long before had laid downe his charge of warre and retired into his Country to a more quiet course of life Himselfe serued Iulian the Apostata in his Campe from whence he departed by vertue of his Edict commanding all Christians out of his pay among whō Iouinianus as wee haue said chose rather to cast from him his Sword and Girdle marks of honour to Military Professors then to forsake the Ensigne of his Heauenlie Chieftaine and the Badge of his Christian Profession 3 No sooner was he clad in the Purple Robe but one Iouianus a Roman Ensigne-bearer lately at variance with this new Elected Emperor then a priuate man fearing the danger of so powerfull an Enemie stepped now aboue the degree of the common sort reuolted to the Persians and hauing good accesse informed King Sapores of the death of Iulian to them till then vnknowne and disabling Iouianus for an Vnskilfull and Effeminate Captaine both incouraged the Enemie and gaue directions how to take the aduantage The Persian as ready to execute as ioyous to heare set forward his forces his Elephants leading the way whose terrible brayings and fearesull approach much affrighted the Roman Souldiers A sore battell was fought and fountaines of bloud drawne from the sides of both parts wherein with an infinite number of Persians Iulianus Macrobius and Maximus three Roman Tribunes of those Legions that then were the Principall of the whole Army were slaine in regard whereof and especially for want of Victuall whose scarsitie then was such that for one Pecke of Meale ten peeces of Gold were giuen Iouianus made Peace with the Persians for thirty yeeres giuing them fiue Prouinces beyond Tigris some Cities and Forts in Mesopotamia whereof Nisibis is named for one that had been the very sinewes and strength of the Confines euer since the Warres of Mithridates for which his doings he is taxed by Eutropius and Amianus who both liued in his daies and of most the deed is held very dishonourable to the greatnesse of the Roman Empire howbeit diuers others excuse him very iustly considering the extreame misery and famine wherein Iulianus left the Army which was in apparant hazard to be giuen ouer for a pray to the Enemy to the indangering of the whole Empire had it not been thus preuented and therefore they highly commend him heerein as the onely Preseruer of the Roman Army 4 Howsoeuer he is highly commended by Socrates the continuer of Eusebius his History who flourished aboue Twelue hundred yeeres since for his constant faith grounded vpon the Nicen Creed and for his Louing Reuerence to the Christian Bishops recalling from banishment those that Constantius and Iulian had exiled among whom Athanasius of Alexandria was one putting downe the Idolatrous Temples of the Gentiles and restoring to their Offices both in Court and Campe those who for their Conscience had been expulsed 5 At his departure from Persia hee visited the Citie Tarsus where he caused the Sepulchre of Iulian though otherwise he had found him auerse both in Affection and Religion yet for that hee was his preceding Emperor to be richly adorned and taking Antioch in his way for many daies together was troubled with some
sleights and stratagemes By Edicts therefore he first proclaimed impunitie to such as had forsaken their Colours if they would returne wherby many which had run to the Enemie or at their owne pleasures had beene dispersed into diuers parts came in and by their countenance declared their resolutions in his behalfe Notwithstanding mistrusting the euent and pensiue still with cares hee thought good to call to his assistance Ciuilis a man of great vnderstanding quicke spirit and withall an vpright Iusticer who was to rule Britaine as Deputie and likewise Dulcitius a Captaine renowned for his skill and deedes of Armes 6 After Consultation with them hauing gotten courage and departing from Augusta with a power of Souldiers which in his politike industrie he had leuied and trained to his hand hee brought exceeding great succour euery where vnto the troubled and confused state of the Britaines gaining before hand such places in each part as might giue aduantage to annoy the barbarous Enemie and enioined the Common Souldiers no seruice whereof himselfe tooke not the Assay with a cheerefull heart in this sort performing as well the Offices of an Actiue and hardy Souldier as the carefull charge of a right-noble Generall he discomfited put to flight diuers Nations whom insolent Pride fed with security had incited and set on fire to inuade the Romans Territories and so restored wholly vnto their former state the Cities and Castles which had sustained many losses and established a sure peace for a long time following 7 Now there happened whiles he atchieued these exploits a dangerous matter likely to haue broken out into great mischiefe had it not beene quenched in the very beginning of the enterprise for one Valentinus of Valeria Pannonia a man of a proud spirit first Deputy Leiutenant and after president for some notable offense banished into Britaine as Frontinus immediately before had beene as one impatient of rest like some noisome wilde Beast vpon a certaine swelling pride rose vp in commotion against Theodosius whom hee perceiued to be the only man able to withstand his wicked designes Howbeit casting about many waies both closely and apparantly as the gale of his vnmeasurable desire rose higher he solicited as well the banished persons as Souldiers promising as the time would affoord rewards to allure and draw them on to some actuall attempt Yet when the day came wherein it should haue beene effected Theodosius hauing intelligence thereof surprized Valentinus with some few of inward complices and deliuered them vnto Dulcitius to be put to death accordingly But in his militarie skill and policie wherein hee was reputed to haue exceeded all men liuing in those daies gessing at future dangers hee inhibited all Inquisitions to be made touching the rest of the Conspirators lest so generall a feare surprising at once and spread abroad among many those tempestuous troubles of the Prouinces which were now well allaied should reuiue againe 8 Therefore turning himselfe from this businesse to the reforming of such enormities as were of most consequence now that all dangers were quite ouer-blowne he reedified the Cities repaired the Garison Castles and fortified the Frontiers with standing Watches and strong Fore-fenses And thus hauing recouered the Prouince againe which had yeelded subiection to the Enemies he reduced it vnto the pristine Estate so as by his meanes and motion it had againe a lawfull Gouernour appointed and also named it VALENTIA in honour of Valentinianus the Emperor 9 The Areans a kinde of men as witnesseth Amianus instituted by those of ancient times for politicke imploiments who by little and little were fallen into disorders and vices he remooued from their Siations as being manifestly conuicted for that induced with the greatnesse of rewards receiued or promised they had diuers times discouered vnto the Barbarous whatsoeuer was done or debated betwixt the President and his Counsell for indeed their charge was to runne to and fro by long iournies to intimate and make knowne vnto the Romans Captaines vpon the Marches what doings and stirres were among the Neighbour-Nations whereby they had great opportunities both to know and reueale the secrets of the State 10 And thus Theodosius hauing managed most excellently these affaires was sent for to the Emperours Court who leauing the Prouince ouer-ioied for their Peace was no lesse famous for his many important Victories then was either Furius Camillus or Papinius Cursor And being honourably accompanied and attended vnto the Narrow Seas with the heartie loue and fauour of all men departed and with a gentle gale of winde passed ouer and came to the Princes Campe where being receiued with ioy and praise he succeeded in the roome of Valens Iouinus who had the conduct of the Horsemen For these his Martiall deeds so happily atchieued in honour of him there was a Statue erected resembling a Man of Armes on Horsebacke as by Symmachus may be vnderstood thus speaking to his sonne Theodosius The Author of your kindred and stocke Captaine Generall both in Africke and Britaine was among other ancient Titles consecrated by the most honourable Order with Statues of Knighthood And in his commendations Claudian with full note thus poetically sang Ille Caledonijs posuit qui Castra pruinis Qui medios Libyae sub Casside pertulit aestus Terribilis Mauro debellatorque Britanni Littoris ac pariter Boreae vastator Austri Quid rigor aeternus Coeli quid sydera prosunt Ignotumque fretum Maduerunt Saxone fuso Orcades incaluit Pictorum sanguine Thule Scotorum cumulos fleuit glacialis Hiberne In Caledonian frosts his Tents he pight And Lybiaes scorching heat endur'd in Field The Coleblacke Moores and Britaines faire in fight He queld and forc'd both South and North to yeeld What then auaild cold Clime strange Seas or Starres When Orkney Iles he drencht with Saxons gore When Thule did reake with Picts bloud spilt in warres And Ireland did huge heapes of Scots deplore 11 Strange and dreadfull were the signes that in the third yeere of this Emperour chanced as Earthquakes Inundations and the like whereof Marcellinus thus reporteth A little after the Sunne-rising saith he the waighty and steddy masse of the whole Earthly Globe shooke flashes of lightning very thicke and fierce going before the Sea also driuen aside and the waues and billowes so preposterously tumbling and retiring back that the deepe Gulfes being discouered and laid empty a man might haue seene sundry sorts of swimming creatures sticking in the mudde Also the vast Vallies and Rockes which Nature had set farre away vnder the huge Waters did now behold the Beames of the Sunne insomuch that many Ships were bedded fast in the drie ground and flockes of people stragled at their pleasure in the small remaines of water to take vp Fishes as the Sea-spoile when on the sudden the waues disdaining to be thus dispossessed returned with such violent beating vpon the Ilands and Promontories which lay farre into
north from Sutton vpon the Riuer Lug. But afterwards vpon repentance Offa remoued it vnto Hereford ouer whom Milfrid an vnder King of the Mercians built a most faire Church in memoriall of him which yet beares his name and is the Cathedral of that See His Bride Lady Elfrid much lamenting his contriued murther withdrew her self to Crowland in the Fennes and there vowed chastitie all the daies of her life notwithstanding some affirme that shee was wife to King Kenwolfe the successor of her brother Egfrid This King raigned the space of forty fiue yeeres as is set in the Table of our English Writers and died the yeare of Christs incarnation seuen hundred ninety three the eighteenth day of May and his Kingdome intruded vpon by the Mercians hauing had neither wife nor children that Historians make mention of after whose death the Kingdom of the East-Angles was brought to decay both by the Mercians West-Saxons and them of Kent so that by means of their violence that Prouince was destitute of her owne Gouernours the space of seuenty seuen yeeres vntill lastly the assaults of the Danes a new-come Guest and most dangerous Enemie caused the other Kings to stand vpon their Guards and rather to defend what they already had gotten then to seeke inlargement to the hazard of all at which time it is said one Offa to whom the right of that Crowne belonged vpon a religious deuotion tooke his pilgrimage to the Sepulchre of Christ and visiting in his way a kinsman of his whose name was Alkmund at the Citie Norhenberge in Saxonie there made his will wherin hee adopted young Edmund his heire the son of Alkmond and accomplishing his voiage in his return died at the Port Saint George from whence hee sent young Edmund his Ring and therwith ordained him King of the East-Angles Alkmund a Prince of great power in those parts maintained his sons rightfull election and with a sufficient power sent him to claime the kingdome These landing in the East of England at a place called Maydenboure built a roiall Tower which hee named and to this day is called Hunstantone situated vpon the North-west point of Norfolke that beareth likewise his owne name EDmund thus arriued was as willingly receiued and by the East-Angles made their king in whose time Hungar and Hubba two Danish Captains with an innumerable multitude of Heathen Danes entred the Land at the mouth of Humber and from thence inuaded Nottingham Yorke and Northumberland where without respect of age or sex they laid all wast and left the Land whence they departed like to a desolate Wildernesse From thence they came with the like furie into Edmunds territories and sacked Thetford a frequent City in those daies but he not able to withstand their violence fled into his Castle at Framingham wherein hee was of them besieged and lastly taken saith Abba Floriacensâ—…s in a village then called Heglisdâ—…ne of a wood bearing the same name or rather yeelded himselfe to their torments to saue more Christian bloud for it is recorded that because of his most constant Faith and Profession those Pagans first beat him with bats then scourged him withwhips he still calling vpon the name of Iesus for rage whereof they bound him to a stake and with their arrowes shot him to death and cutting off his head contemptuously threw it into a bush after he had raigned ouer the East-Angles the space of sixteene yeeres hauing had neither wife nor issue that is read of His body and head after the Danes were departed were buried at the same roiall Towne as Abbo terms it where Sigebert the East-Anglean King and one of his predecessors at his establishing of Christianity built a Church and where afterwards in honour of him was built another most spatious and of a wonderfull frame of Timber and the name of the Towne vpon the occasion of his burial called vnto this day Saint Edmondsbury This Church and place Suenus the Pagan Danish King in impiety and fury burned to ashes But when his sonne Canute had made conquest of this Land and gotten possession of the English Crowne terrified and affrighted as saith the Legend with a vision of the seeming Saint Edmund in a religious deuotion to expiate his Fathers sacrilege built it anew most sumptuously enriched this place with Charters Gifts and offred his owne Crowne vpon the Martyrs Tombe After the death of this Edmund the East-Angles Country was possessed by the Danes so continued about some fifty yeers vntil that Edward surnamed the Elder expulsed these Danes and ioined that kingdome a Prouince to the West-Saxons after it had stood three hundred fifty three yeeres A CATALOGVE OF SVCH BRITISH PRINCES AS WITHSTOOD THE SAXONS IN THEIR CONQVESTS FROM VORTIGER'NE THEIR FIRST MAINTAINER VNTO CADWALLADER THEIR LAST RESISTER CHAPTER XII NOw as we haue spoken of euery seuerall Saxon King that attained vnto and held possession of any part in the East South of this Iland vntill such time as their Crownes were worne by their Conquerors and the seuenfold diuided Heptarchy vnited into an absolute Monarchy so by order of History it is required that their opposers the Britains so long as they kept their ground and stood in defence of their owne rightful inheritance should be shewed who with as great a disdaine and valorous resistance vnder-went the yoake of the Saxons subiections as their ancient Ancestors had endeauoured to cleere themselues from the chaines of the Romans captiuity And vntill God and destinie withdrâ—… from them the hand of defence they mated the Saxons in all their designes For albeit that the Romans had robbed the Land of her strength and the aspired Vortigern called in these Strangers for his defence yet their purposes being wisely perceiued the execution therof was as presently practised and as eagerly pursued whilest the pillars that supported the frame of their gouerment stood vpon their owne Bases But the ground-work failing and those props not many the waight of all fell vpon some few whose acts and manly resistance Christ assisting shall further bee related as time shall bring them to the yeeres of their aduentures and carry our History thorow the affaires of their times Meane while as we haue recorded the names of their Ancestors and worthy forerunners the resisters of the Romans so now if you please behold the Catalogue of their Kings from the foresaid Vortigern the first subdued by these Saxons vnto Cadwallader the last of those British Princes who left to them his Land and went himself to Rome whose times stories according to those Guids that lead vs wee wil declare referring the credit thereof to our British Historians against whom howsoeuer some exceptions are and may be iustly taken yet are they not altogether to be cast off in the affaires of these ensuing Princes especially Gyldas and Ninius who liued in and presently after the times of those
Wife of King Ethelbald was the widow of his owne Father a most vnlawfull matrimonie contracted against all law of God or of nature which being both dissolued and punished by the hastie death of the King and she returning towards her father and Country in Flanders was rauished by Baldwin the Forester of Arden in France and by him forcibly kept vntill shee consented to become his wife who in regard of that marriage when he was reconciled to the Emperor Charles her Father was by him created the first Earle of Flanders by whom she had issue Baldwin the second who espoused Lady Elfrid the youngest daughter of Elfred King of England from whom through fiue descents lineally Maâ—…d Queene of England Wife to William the Conquerour descended and from her all our Norman English Kings vnto this day ETHELBERT THE TVVENTIETH ONE KING OF THE VVEST-SAXONS AND THE TWO AND TWENTIETH MONARCH OF THE ENGLISHMEN HIS RAIGNE AND ISSVES CHAPTER XXXIIII EThelbert the second sonne of King Ethelwolfe who had succeeded his Vnckle Ethelstan in the kingdome of the South-Saxons Kentish and East-Saxons and for fiue yeeres continuance ruled those Countries with great equity and valour after the decease of his brother Ethelbald succeeded him also both in the West-Saxons kingdome and the whole Lands Monarchie whereof he was the one and twentieth King and the two and twentieth Monarch 2 His raigne began in the yeere after Christs natiuity eight hundred and sixtie and was disquieted from first to last by the inuasions of the bloudy Danes For presently after his coronation these common enemies entred the Land ruinating all before them vnto the Citie Winchester which they sacked and left it troden vnder their destroying feete euen to the ground But in their returne were encountred by the Barkshire-men vnder the leading of Osrick Earle of Hampton by whom they were vanquished the prey recouered and a great number of those Infidels slaine 3 In his first yeere also a nauie of Danes and Normans entred into the Iland Tanet and began their wonted spoiles among those people whereupon the Kentish compounded their peace for a great sum of money giuen Notwithstanding these miscreants which knew not God gaue little regard to their promised couenants and before the daies of truce were expired like a sudden floud ouer-bare all before them These their irruptions to withstand the Kentish then prepared rather aduenturing themselues vpon the chance of battell then to rest vpon a seeming truce wherein their destruction was too apparant and forthwith assembling all the powers together set vpon those truce-breakers and with much slaughter forced them at length out of their Country 4 But the date of King Ethelberts life being expired hee yeelded his body to the course of nature and his Kingdomes to his next Brother after he had raigned ouer the Kentish South and East-Saxons the terme of ten yeeres and had sate Monarch of the whole onely fiue He died the yeere of grace eight hundred sixty six and was honourably buried in the Cathedrall Church of Shirburne in Dorset-shire by his brother King Ethelbald Hiâ—… supposed Issue 5 Athelm the brothers sonne of King Elfred mentioned in the last will and testament of the same King seemeth by all likelihood to be the eldest son of this King Ethelbert elder brother to the same King Elfred although hee succeeded not his father in his Kingdome For in those daies if the Kings sonne were vnder age the succession went to the next brother and if that brother left his sonne at full age then it went vnto him otherwise it reuerted to the elder brothers sonne 6 Ethelwald surnamed Clitâ—… which is a word of addition giuen to all the Saxon Kings sonnes of England is mentioned in King Elfreds wil to be his brothers sonne and is most likely to be the sonne of this King Ethelbert he prooued a most deadly enemy to his cosen King Edward the sonne of King Elfrid his Vncle destroying his townes in Dorset-shire and being driuen out of England ioined himselfe with the Danes who made him their King in Northumberland and vnder his leading greeuously assailed the Countries of the East-Saxons East-Angles and Mercians wherein hee was lastly slaine the yeere of our Lord nine hundred and fiue being the fourth of King Edward his cosen-germanes raigne ETHELRED THE TVVO AND TVVENTIETH KING OF THE WEST-SAXONS AND THE TWENTY THIRD MONARCH OF THE ENGLISH-MEN HIS ACTS AND ISSVE CHAPTER XXXV EThelred the third sonne of King Ethelwolfe after the decease of his Brother succeeded him in his Dominions and was in number the two and twentieth King of the West-Saxons and the twenty third Monarch of the Englishmen he beganne his raigne in the yeare of our saluation eight hundred sixty and six and for the time that hee was King raigned in continuall warres against the Pagan Danes whose numbers now were greater and footing surer in this land then formerly had beene 2 In the first yeare of his raigne there arriued vpon the English coasts a huge Army of these Danes whereof Hungar and Hubba men of incredible strength and cruelty were the Captaines These wintred in East Anglia made truce with the inhabitants vpon certaine conditions and forbare a time from their wonted rauening 3 But in the next yeare the King being busied to put backe a fresh inrode of Danes in the South and West of the Iland then entred these deuourers tooke aduantage vpon the ciuil broiles commenced among the Northumbrians who in these turmoiled times sought to withdraw their subiections from the West Saxons and to set vp Kings againe of their owne The foresaid Captaines Hungar and Hubba hauing in time of their truce strengthned themselues with new supplies of aid marched further into the North where finding the people vnprouided of strength and the two Kings Osbright and Ella of reconciled enemies to be made no sure friends they harried the Country before them and entring Yorke slew the two Kings with infinit number of the English which City they consumed with fire and burnt therein all those that had fled thither for succour 4 The State thus standing and their forces encreasing euery day brought new feares vpon the inhabitants when euery late victory with increase of Captiues and rich spoiles ministred occasion meanes of some other conquest to follow which these Pagans so pursued till lastly they set a substitute King to raigne vnder them ouer all the North Borders beyond the riuer Tyne and so retiring themselues out of Northumberland into Mercia came to Nottingham which City they wanne and therein wintred the third of King Ethelreds raigne who with the aid of Burthred the Mercian King constrained the Danes to sue for peace and a safe departure yeelding the City and againe retyring themselues ouer Tyne remained in Yorke all the next winter 5 The Summers opportunity approching their wonted desire for spoile was with it encreased and
succeeded him both in his dominions in his troubled estate against the Danes entring his gouernement in the moneth of April and crowned at Kingston vpon Thamesis by Liuingus Archbishop of Canterbury the yeere of mans saluation 1016. Notwithstanding a great part of the English considering the puissance of the Danes both feared and fauoured Canut especially a great part of the Clergy who at Southampton ordained him their King swearing to him the fealty of true subiection but the Londoners stood most firme to Prince Edmund and were principall Actors for his election 2 In reuenge whereof Canutus who had besieged the Citie before the death of King Ethelred caused his ships now to be towed and drawne vp the Thamesis vnto the west side of the bridge and from the riuer with a deepe and large Trench encompassed the City shutting vp all entrance or egresse of any but the Citizens manfully stood in resistance whereto the comming of their new King for their succour did not a little encourage them and daunted the Danes who now thought it best to breake vp their siege and be gone and the rather saith the Author of Encomium Emmae for that King Edmund sent Canute a peremptory challenge of single combate which he neither accepted nor yet staied the siege to trie his chance but waying his anchors sailed along the Coast to the I le of Sheepie where he wintred with his Nauie and men 3 But loth to lose opportunity when time serued for warre on the sodaine he assailed the west of England and brought much of those parts vnder his commaund to meet whom the restlesse Ironside prepared and with such small power as his leasure would admit to leauie he hasted into Dorsetshire where Cannut was forwarding his owne fortunes and at Penham neere Gillingham each met other in the field wherein a sore battaile was fought and bloudy to the Danes where many of them were put to the sword and the rest to flight 4 Canute immediately tooke into Winchester to secure himselfe from danger and the rest escaped towards Salisbury and there begirt the Citie with a strait siege King Edmund as ready to saue as they to destroy made presently thitherward with his small and ouertired company whom Canut waiting for aduantage followed with a great host and in Worcestershire at a place called Sherostan in the sight of his enemy pitched his battaile To the aide of Edmund came many of the English so that his Army was greatly encreased and their courages inhaunsed which made the Danish souldiers somwhat to droope 5 Notwithstanding vpon the twentieth of Iune 1016. their battailes ioined and with equall fortune continued all the day vntill the night constrained them to part 6 But their bloud not cold the next day they buckled together againe with no lesse courage then before till at length the Danes were going down the English in great forwardnes of victory which when the Traitour Edrik perceiued he cut off the head of a souldier whose name was Osmearus like vnto King Edmund both in haire and countenance and shaking his bloody sword with the halfe-gasping head cried vnto the host of the English Flie yee wretches flie and get away for your King is slaine behold here is his head therefore seeke now to saue your owne liues 7 But Edmund hauing present notice of this treacherous stratageme and seeing his men ready to giue ouer the fight hasted himselfe where he might be best seene encouraging his Army to stand to it like true Englishmen and posting from ranke to ranke both performed the parts of a wise Generall and vnderwent the dangers of the meanest souldier his men seeing his presence the apparant treachery of Duke Edrik bent their bows against the traitour and had shot him to death had he not presently auoided to the enemy but the night approching parted againe the battaile of this second day Duke Edrik excusing his fact as beeing meerely mistaken in the countenance of the man and thirsting to saue the bloud of the English was taken againe into fauour and bare himselfe outwardly faire for his Country 8 The third day appearing both the Armies prepared for battaile but yet stood still without any attempt onely refreshing their wearied and almost tired bodies and burying the dead slaine in the two daies fights before 9 The night following Canutus in great silence brake vp his Campe and marched very fast towards London against whose Citizens he carried great spleene and most earnestly desired the conquest of the Citie which in a sort was still besieged by the Danish ships 10 The Centinels the next morning certified King Edmund who was addressing himselfe for the battaile of the suddaine departure of his enemies whereupon hee as ready to preuent their designes followed them by tract euen vnto London where with small adoe hee remoued their siege and entred the City in manner of triumph The Danes thus discomfited great hope was conceiued that these faire proceedings would haue a prosperous end 11 Edmund therefore following the aduantage of their discouragements two dayes after at Brentford bad them battaile and that with their great ouerthrow notwithstanding in passing the Thamesis at the same place he lost many of his men who were drowned before they could reâ—…ouer the shore vpon which losse the Traitor Edrike plaied who earst had much feared the downefall of the Danes For hereupon hee perswaded his brother in law King Edmund to come to truce with Canute which as he confidently affirmed should be to the great benefite and contentment of Edmund Canute himselfe so plotting it that by his meanes hee might continue his hopes and bring his enemy into his danger 12 The affaires thus standing King Edmund returned into the West and Canute with spoiles vnto his shippes that were in Medyway not far from Rochester where he a while lay still to learne what Edmund meant to doe who contrariwise louing nothing lesse then to linger his businesses made preparation against those truce-breakers that had wasted the Country in their returne and with a great Army entred Kent where he pitched down his tents neere vnto Oteford Canut who had prepared himselfe in most warlike array to meete his approch beganne the battaile in a furious manner which continued verie bloudy for foure howres space vntill the foot of his vaward beganne to shrinke which when hee perceiued he drew his horsemen for their aide but whilest the one gaue hastily back the other made as slowly forward the array of the whole army was broken and the Danes slaine on all hands for it is reported that Canute lost foure thousand fiue hundred men and King Edmund onely six hundred the rest of these Danes trusting to their legs whom if Edmund had pursued in chase it is thought that day had ended the warres betwixt those two Nations for euer but Destiny that would haue the Saxons downe who had raised
kingdome is now brought to a setled estate and with such loue and liking of the English as that they will neuer admit any more a stranger to rule ouer them And as touching the contract with his yonger daughter hee well seeth that God hath taken away that occasion of alienating the Crowne and surely his Law hath likewise prouided remedy against such rash vâ—…ws whose precepts I mean to follow and therefore said he will your Duke to weigh my estate with his own both his and mine now in quiet sufficient for two and either of them employment enough for one mans Gouernment and therefore both of them too much to bee well gouerned by one seeing that God himselfe had set a sea betwixt them With these and the like speeches hee shifted off the Dukes Ambassadors without all princely entertainements or courteous regard 18 The messengers returned and Harolds answeres declared William lion-like enraged casteth his thoughts about plotting reuenge and making some oddes euen that might impeach his designes prepared all things for open warre Harold likewise not sleeping his businesse made ready his Fleete mustered his souldiers and planted his Garrisâ—…s along the Sea-coast But in these his proceeâ—…gs beholdâ—… great and fearefull Comete appeared seldom a figne to Princes of fortunate successe vpon the twenty fourth of Aprill and lasted onely seuen dayes which drew the minds of the English into great suspense now ready to enter into a double warre 19 For as 〈◊〉 the Norman for his part claymed England by gift so Harfager the Daâ—…e did by succession the rumors of both which greatly terrified the heartes of the inhabitants and yet behold a third terrour vnexpected contrary to nature and most mens opinions suddainely arose for Tosto the cruell Earle of Northumberland and brother to Harold expulsed by his people and proscribed by King Edward fled into France where by the instigations of William whose wiues sister hee had married both of them the daughters of Balwine Earle of Flanders he got for his reuenge a Fleet furnished with men at Armes and thus prepared his first fury was shewed in spoiling the I le of Wight then coasting the shore shrewdly endammaged Kent whence hoisâ—…ng saile fell foule vpon Lincolnshire where Morcar and Edwine Earles of Chester and Yorkeshire aided with the Kings Nauie droue him from thence though with some losse of their men 20 Tosto for more succour fled into Scotland where of King Malcolme he had but cold comfort himselfe being busied with ciuill broiles but howsoeuer his expectation there failed yet his purposes were continued with the assistance of Harold Harfager that is the Faire-lockes King of Denmarke who with three hundred shippes had entred the riuer Tyne for Englands inuasion after his conquest of the Iles of Orknes Tosto therefore ioining his Fleet to these Danes in warlike brauerie both of them enter the mouth of Humber and drawing vp the riuer Ouse at Richhall landed their men making spoile of the Country wheresoeuer they came To meet with these the foresaid Earles Edwin and Morcar in a tumultuous hast raised their powers but were so ouerlaid by the Norwegians that many were slaine and more drowned in passing ouer that riuer 21 The enemy grown proud by this late victory hasted towards Yorke the chiefe Citie of the North where planting his siege it was presently yeelded vp and hostages deliuered vpon both parts for the performance of couenants The Danes thus prospering had most strongly encamped themselues for backed they were with the German Ocean flanked on the left hand with the riuer Humber wherein also their Fleete rid at Anker and had on their right hand and afront the riuer Derwent so that it seemed impossible to raise this siege 22 But Harold thinking the coasts cleere from all danger the Equinoctiall at hand and Nauigation now past the victuals in his Fleet spent and notice from Earle Balwin of Flanders that Duke William meant not his voiage that yeere was about to disband his Army When this sudden newes from the North pierced his eare no need it was then to bid him make haste thither the case standing so neere him as it did Therefore recalling his Army posted to Yorke and from thence marched against the Norwegians who lay secured with such aduantage as wee haue said Notwithstanding Harold couragiously ordered his battell and assaied to passe the Bridge called Stamford built ouer Derwent which one onely Dane made good for a time against his whole host and with his Ax slew forty of his men till lastly this Dane was slaine with a dart 23 The Bridge gotten and the English reduced into their rankes Harold most boldly set vpon his enemies euen in their Campe where the battaile with equall valour and fortune was maintained a time till lastly the Norwegians disarraied and scattered were slaine outright and among them the two Chieftaines Harfager and Tosto with may others of worth and account lost their liues Olane the sonne of this Harfager and Paul Earle of Orkeney who kept their Fleet Seas whilest his Father and followers fought vpon land were brought to King Harold and to haue their liues spared abiured the Land and thenceforth to attempt no hostilitie against the English peace and with twenty small vessels to cary away their slaine and hurt were suffered to depart bringing heauy newes into Denmarke of the losse of their King and ouerthrow of his Army 24 By this victory thus happily obtained fell vnto Harold an exceeding rich booty both of gold and siluer besides the great Armado of Tosto and Harfager whereby his mind was soone set aloft and he began to grow both proud and odious vnto his Army the rather for that he diuided not the spoiles vnto them that had deserued it a wrong that the common Souldier doth continually murmure at and commonly endure 25 Now in this current of King Harolds fortunes William the Norman had the more leasure to strengthen his owne and often conferring with his Captaines about Englands inuasions found them euer resolute and cheerefull that way the difficultie onely rested how to prouide money enough the very sinewes whereby the vast body of an Army must be knit strengthned for a subsidy being propounded vnto the assembly of the Norman States it was answered that a former warre against the French had empouerished much of their wealth that if new wars were now raised therein their substance spent to gain other parts it would be thereby so wasted as that hardly it would be sufficient to defeÌ„d their own that they thought it more safety to hold what he had then on hazard of their own to inuade the territories of others that this war inteÌ„ded iust though it were yet seemed not necessary but exceeding daÌ„gerous besides said they the Normans were not by their allegiance bound to Military seruices in forrein parts therefore such paiments could not bee assessed vpon them
rights whereupon the King gaue the same to his sonne Iohn whose Coronation stung with the like before his father onely did delay at such time as two Cardinales offered to celebrate that solemnitie 92 At Windsor therefore his father giuing him the Order of knight-hood at which time hee was about twelue yeeres old sent him foorth with into Ireland where the Arch-bishop of Dublin and the State entertained him but by reason of such parsimonie toward his souldiers as was vsed hee returned the same yeere without doing much but not without hauing wasted the most part of his Armie in skirmishes with the Irish. His Stile in his seale of Ireland though Houeden saith his father made him Regem aâ—…king was onely Sigillum Iohannis filij regis Angliae Domini Hiberniae Lord of Ireland 93 King Henrie hearing now that his martiall sonne Earle Richard had fortified in Poictou against him and vanquished Geffrey Earle of Britane prepares a puissant armie vpon terror whereof Richard came in rendring vp Poictou to his mother Elienor whose inheritance it was at his fathers commandement The same yeere wherein the West was thus defiled with vnnaturall diuisions the East was likewise polluted with the cursed Apostasie of one Richard de S. Albane whom wee shame to thinke was English who renouncing the Christian beleefe vpon the Patriarcks discomfortable returne became a principall Commander vnder the Sultan of Babilon Saladine whom the Christians draue with losse and slaughter of his armie from Hierusalem But on the other side reuenge of disobedience still pursued Gef frey sonne of King Henrie who was in a Torneament at Paris troden to death vnder the horse feete A miserable end and a fearefull 94 About which times betweene the French and English all things stoode vnsure now warre then peace and warre againe by reason that Philip who had been crowned King some yeeres before during the life of Lewis challenging the custodie of Arthur the Posthumus sonne and heire of Geffrey Earle of Britane and sometimes one thing and sometime another could not haue his will Whiles Earle Richard turning to Philip against his Father but obtaining a truce for two yeeres such amity if there be any amity among mighty Princes grew between king Philip and Earle Richard Heire apparant of England and Normandy c. that one bed and boord serued both The Father perplexed cals his sonne home who pretending many griefes as the detention of Alice his Spouse the doubt of disinherison and other things stood out againe and againe after a while submits to his Father Then bursts forth Philip into Armes and things so standing the heauy newes of Ierusalem lost flew into Christendom When this City was formerly recouered by Godfrey of Bolein an Vrban was Pope a Fredericke was Emperour an Heraclius Patriarch so now when it was lost an Vrban was Pope a Fredericke was Emperor and an Heraclius Patriarch 95 Vpon these news Henry and Philip meet and for the honour of God laying downe displeasure in presence of William Archbishop of Tyre at which time some say a Crosse appeared in the aire take vpon them as Souldiers of Christ the badge of the Crosse and there the better to distinguish themselues it was agreed that the French should weare read Crosses the English White and the Flemish Greene. And this determination was seconded with warlike preparations leuies of money and institution of martiall Discipline all which notwithstanding nothing went forward 96 At Richard began the breach of this honourable confederation who taking reuenge vpon certaine Rebels of his in Poictou who brooked not his hard hand one mischiefe drew another and at the last both the Kings of England and France became parties to the quarrell greatly against the minde of K. Henry whose heart was firmely 〈◊〉 as it seems to reuenge the cause of Christ vpon Sultan Saladine for that in his answere to the Patriarch of Antioch imploring aide he concludes That among other Princes himselfe and sonne reiecting this worlds glory and despising all pleasures whatsoeuer and setting behind all things which were of this World would in their owne person with their whole Forces by the fauour of the Lord speedily visite him And sure the state of those parts required it Saladine hauing slaine many of the Knights Templars and Nobles and aboue thirty thousand footmen with innumerable other in Cities and Townes by him subdued Among all which grieuous accidents we cannot to season sower therby with sweet omit one noble protestation made by the chiefe crossed Lords Philip Earle of Flanders the Earle of Bloys and other who being required to take parts made answere That they would not contrary to their promise to God put armour on against any Christian till they had done their deuoire against Saladine 97 In the treaties therefore between Henry and Philip the demaunds of Philip on the behalfe of Richard were such and so vnsafe for the King as that all his subiects should sweare fealty to Richard during the Fathers life but yet reseruing their allegiance to the Father that Richard apparantly fell off and became Liegeman for Normandy c. to Philip King of France and at a new Treaty by mediation of a Cardinall Legate the demaunds of Philip being more hard then before as that King Henry should not onely settle the Kingdome vpon Richard but take Iohn also with him into Palestine or that otherwise Richard would not goe being iealous of his brothers grace with his Father Henrie would consent to none of those insolent propositions but disdaining to seeme to be enforced they betooke them selues on all sides to their swords 98 The effect whereof was that former good fortunes forsaking King Henry hee sustained many losses by the Armies of King Philip and Richard was driuen out of Mentz in Main the city where he was born which he loued aboue all other places by firing of the Suburbes before the enemy came being casually consumed hee was glad to yeeld to such conditions as it pleased Philip to prescribe It is written that at the meeting of these two Kings the skie being cleare a thunderbolt stroke betweene them and after a little pause comming together againe it thundered more terribly so that Henry had falne off his horse but that his people sustained him whereupon hee came presently to an end though it were to his vnspeakable griefe his Kingly heart being vsed to giue and not to take conditions 99 Fearefull was the speech which King Henrie when hee abandoned Mentz by reason of the fire vttered against Richard which was That sith he had taken from him that day the thing that hee most loued in this world he would requite him for after that day hee would depriue him of that thing which in him should best please a Child to wit his Heart But after the peace concluded vpon mediation between the sides another thing strucke neerer for finding the name of his
Emperour as likewise the Empresse stooping low receiued on his head the Diadem from the Popes feet and presently againe the Pope strake the Emperors crowne with his foot and dasht* it to the ground signifying that hee had power to throw him vpon his demerites out of his Empire but the Cardinals catching vp the crowne put it againe on the Emperours head 25 The same day in which Philip his French Forces set saile out of the Hauen of Messana arriued Alienor King Richards mother accompanied with Berengaria his new intended Spouse daughter to* Sanctius King of Nauaire whome afterward he tooke to wife in Cyprus but his Mother after a short stay returned by Rome into England leauing the young Lady with Ioan Queene Dowager of Sicilie both which accompanied the King toward the holy Land his whole Nauie being one hundred and fifty great ships and fifty three Gallies well appointed for the warre and many other Sailes and Vessels and not to omit the same because it is recorded as a singularity he had among all these * thirteen Buces or Buscies which had each of them three course of Sailes to saile with but no Writer so farre as we yet find declares what numbers of Souldiers were in the English Armie 26 This Nauie roiall betweene the Isles of Rhodes and Cyprus for the honor and good of King Richard was scatterd by God with a terrible tempest some one or two of which suffered wreack vpon the Isle of Cyprus whom Cursac or as other call him Isakius Emperour of the Griffons being a tyrant did spoile and contrary to Christian Religion which was his profession though some mistake and all honour and humanity he would not among other his vnprincely or rather barbarous behauiours suffer the Kings sister and Lady Berengaria with other of that tender societie to come into harbour to their great discontentment and perill a Shippe or two sinking there but neither would God nor King Richard forgiue it him 27 For the said vnworthy Prince hauing thrice refused to make restitution of his vnlawfull seisures and prisoners was entred vpon by the English driuen from the shoares with great dishonour and slaughter the City Limeszun left for a prey to the victors and himselfe beaten againe out of his Campe and taken and after an escape made by him his onelie daughter and heire yeelding her selfe and her Father lastly comming againe of his owne accord as despairing to lie hid vnder custodie and thrust into fetters of gold and siluer the whole Iland with all the people strength and riches thereof became subiect to the King of England and both Father and Daughter led away into captiuity 28 There arriued at Limeszun to salute and honour King Richard within three dayes after his first victory Guido King of Ierusalem Geofrey de Lenizant his brother Raimund Prince of Antioch Earle Boemond his sonne c. offering their seruices and swearing to bee his against all men with whose priuity King Richard seised the flourishing and spatious Iland of Cyprus by antiquity celebrated as the very seate of Venus which that it might so proue to himselfe in the ioyous moneth he solemnly took to wife his beloued Lady Berengaria 29 The person of the Emperour for by that lofty title Writers call him was sent to Tripolis in Syria vnder the custody of Ralph Fitz Godfrey Lord Chamberlaine to King Richard his daughter was committed to the two Queenes Berengaria and Ioan the Iland it selfe was entrusted to Richard de Camuile and Robert de Turnham his Viceroyes with competent force and prouisions and the Ilanders suffered to enioy all such lawes and liberties as they held in the time of Manuel the Emperour of Constantinople or as now they call it of Sâ—…mboli 30 This fame of Richard was much enlarged by his conquering a mighty Argosey called a Dromond wherein were aboord one thousand and fiue hundreth Sarazens though disguised vnder French Flagges furnished besides all other prouisions with fire-workes barrelles or cages of venemous serpents and the like for the vse of the Sarazens at Acon anciently called Ptolomais to the siege whereof he was then sailing thirteene hundreth of which Miscreants he sacrificed to Mars Neptune keeping the rest for ransome 31 Philip King of France in hope perhaps to conquere Acon before the English could arriue and to winne thereby that glory intire came safe before that City in Easter weeke but as yet had not forced the same at which time that the Reader may obserue the generall disposition of the western Christians in those dayes there engirded Accon omitting the many great Prelates Princes Earles and Honourable Cheifes these Nations following the Genowayes and Florentines the English vnder Hubert Bishop of Salisbury afterward Archbishop of Canterbury Flemings Almaines Danes Dutch Friselanders Pisans Lombardes besides the Knights Templars collected out of all Nations and beside the aides of the Asians all which lay quartered at the Seige in order as here they are placed at that time in which the King of France arriued But Richard King of England with his victorious and triumphant Nauie which when it went out of Cyprus being much belike augmented* did containe 254. tall shippes and aboue 60. Galliots brought terrour dismay to the besieged and comfort to the Christians * vpon the Sunday after Pentecost being about the middest of Iune 32 The siege was so vehemently plied that notwithstanding sundry dissentions between Philip and Richard the two competitors of glorie in this voiage after seuerall breaches and assaults the last whereof was made by the Pisans and English vpon the twelfth of Iuly following many offers of composition made by the Saladine being vtterly refused the City of Accon was rendred to the Christians vpon these conditions 1 That Saladine Prince of Miscreants should by a certaine day restore the holy Crosse. 2 That he should set at liberty fifteen hundreth Christian Captiues 3. That the City with all the things contained therein should remain and be to the Christians 4. That the Turks or Sarazens should haue their liues onely saued if these conditions were performed 5. That they should pay twenty thousand Bizants peeces of gold toward the charges of the Kings * To take possession for the French there was sent in Drogou de Merlou and one hundreth men of Armes and for the English Hugo de Gurnay with the like number who equally parted the City goods and people betweene them 33 And euen now Philip King of France aswell because the Earle of Flanders died at the siege without issue whose countries hee long had coueted as for euill will to Richard whose noble Acts so farre outwent his and because as some * write hee had taken bribes of Saladine meditates nothing but return asking licence of King Richard to depart being then but the tenth day after the Cities surrender so badly his enuious eyes could as
eldest Daughter and Child of K. Iohn and Queene Isabel his last wife was the first wife of Alexander the second King of Scots married vnto him in Yorke Iunij 25. Anno 1221. who returning into England to visite her Brother deceased at London and was buried in the Nunnery at Tarent in Dorsetshire 4. Martij in the 21. yeare of her Brother king Henries raigne in England and the 23. of king Alexander her husbands in Scotland Anno 1236. 70 Eleanor their second daughter was first married to William Marshall the yonger Earle of Pembroke and after his decease without issue and seuen yeeres Widow-hood remarried to Simon Montfort Earle of Leicester sonne of Simon Earle Montfort in France by Amice Daughter of Robert Blanchman Earle of Leicester who maintaining the Barons warres against King Henry her brother was slaine at the battaile of Euesham in the 19. yeere of her brothers raigne 1265 after whose death shee and ◅er Children were forced to forsake England she died in the Nunnery at Montarges in France Henry her eldest sonne was slaine with his father at Eueshan Simon the second was Earle of Bigorre and ancestor to a Family of Mountfords in those parts of France Almaricke her third sonne was first a Priest and Treasurer of the Cathedrall Church in Yorke and after a Knight and a valiant seruitour in sundrie warres beyond the Seas Guy the fourth Sonne was Earle of Angleria in Italy and Progenitour of the Mountfords in Tuscaine and of the Earles of Campo bachi in the Kingdome of Naples Richard the fift sonne remained priuily in England and changing his name from Mountford to Wellesborne was ancestor of the family of Wellesbornes in England She had also a daughter named Eleanor borne in England brought vp in France and married into Wales to Prince Lewellen ap Griffith 71 Isabel their yongest daughter was born An. 1214 when shee was 21. yeeres of age shee was married being the 6. and last wife to the Emperour Frederick the second at the City of Wormes in Germany 20. of Iuly 1235. Shee had issue by him Henry appointed to bee King of Sicily and Margaret wife of Albert Landgraue Thurin shee was Empresse 6. yeeres and died in Childbed Decemb. 1. of her husbands Empire 31. of her brothers raign 38. Anno 1241. 72 Iane or Ione the daughter naturall of King Iohn by Agatha Daughter of Robert Ferrers Earle of Darby marryed to Lewin Prince of Wales Anno 1204. her Father gaue with her the Castle Lordshippe of Elinsmore in the Marches of Southwales she like a most louing Child gaue her Father secret intelligence of the Treasons intended against him by the Welsh and English 73 Geoffrey Fitz-Roy a base son who transported some Souldiers into France when Archbishoppe Hubert forbad the King his father to goe thither 74 Richard who married the daughter heire of Fulbert de Douer who built Chilham Castle in Kent which Castle hee had with her and had Issue by her of which som families of good esteem are descended stant Lords at Newarke where the Generall assembly for that seruice was appointed The whole Army after the Musters rested there some dayes which they spent not in vanities but in deuotions receit of the Sacrament humbling themselues before the offended Maiestie of God and so all of them saith Paris being prepared resolue eyther to return victorious or to die in defence of their country their Soueraignes right and their owne Liberties and possessions all which seemed now to lie at stake To giue them the greater edge and spirite Wallo with great solemnity accurseth Lewis and his Coadiutors and thus the Army marcheth towards Lincolne and the Lewisians there in siege of the Castle the King himselfe being left with a strong guard at Stow about eight miles short of Lincolne accompanied with Wallo and others there without perill of his person to attend Gods pleasure in the euent of the enterprise Vpon their approch if the Counsell of some English Lords had beene followed the Lewisian Army had issued forth of the City giuen them battle in the opē field but the Earle of Perch the French Generall thinking the Kings party to bee greater then it was for that the Noblemen and Bannerets thereof had each of them two Ensignes the one born with themselues the other aduanced among the Carriages which doubled the shew of their numbers they did thereupon change that course closed the Gates of the City and plyed their endeauours against the Castle more fiercely then before The Earle of Pembroke therefore lets Falcasius slip in at the Castle-posterne with his Arbalasters whiles others breake vp the South-gate of the City at which the Kings Army most couragiously entring and they of the Castle sallying out in Flancke of the Enemy scattered and vtterly defeated the Lewisians The Earle of Perch their Generall being enuironed with the Royalists and willed to render himselfe sware that hee would neuer become Prisoner to any English vpon which refusall he was run through the sight of his helmet into the braines and so dyed without speaking any word In this conflict being on Saturday in Whitson-weeke the force of naturall propension was apparent for notwithstanding the fierie resolutions of the Kings People yet when they saw the faces of their kinsmen friends countrimen on the other side that fury relented so strōgly that the most part of the reuenge fell vpon the Horses and not vpon the Horsemen whom onelie they laboured to make their Captiues The whole riches of the Lewisian Campe of the City of Lincolne became the booty and spoile of the Kings Armie whereupon this discomfiture was called Lewis Fair Neither did the Clergy of the place escape for the Popes Legate had commaunded that they also should be rifled to a penny as persons excommunicated in partaking with Lewis The Chase was but coldly fainedly followed vpon the flying Barons otherwise not a man could haue escaped wherein yet the chiefest Barons were taken with about 400. Knights besides Esquiers and of other sorts without note or number though some say that this number of Knights were slaine matrons and women of the towne flying by boate which they had no skill to gouerne were drowned Such as escaped the fight were not therefore past the danger for the Country people fell vpon them as they fledde killing great numbers so that almost all the footmen tooke vp their last lodgings before they could reach to London where Lewis was The Marshal of France the Chastellan of Arras and about two hundreth Knights came safely thither but were not otherwise then sowerly welcome of the Prince who laid vpon their cowardise the losse of all the rest His feare of being taken Prisoner iustly encreasing hee fortifies London by the best meanes hee can and dispatcheth Posts into France for more reliefe This great victory was much the stranger if as some write the fame
in regard of the great enmities betweene the Pope and Emperour to depart out of England There was also strait commandement giuen to the Italian Vsurers to leaue the most pure earth of his Realme meaning that his owne people was most innocent and free from such a sinne but saith one who durst write any thing hee thought by giuing the King money which is too much vsed to iustifie the wicked they for a great part remained still as loth to forsake such fat pastures And the Legat himselfe also staied so long till the Pope by wily inducements and forged calumniations had drawne the King both to relinquish the Emperour his brother in law and to suffer the Papall Excommunication to passe here against him and money also to be gathered to his impeachment A briefe taste of all the Popes proceedings against this glorious Emperour we may take from the Nobilitie of France who when the Pope offered the Empire vnto Robert the French Kings brother in their grand Councell refused to accept it charging the Pope with the Spirit of audacious rashnesse for deposing the Emperour not conuicted of any fault and whom a Generall Councell onely ought to censure not the Pope to whom no credit ought to be giuen being his Capital Enemie For that themselues knew he was a vertuous and victorious Emperor and one who had in him more religion then the Pope had Our Legat Ottho who now at length is gone was no sooner departed but Peter of Sauoy the Queens Vncle arriued to whō the King gaue the Earldome of Richmōd and entertained otherwise most magnificently This and the like largesse to strangers drew on the King much euill will who also in fauour of his Queene procured her Vncle Bonifacius to be chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in place of Edmunde who weary of his life in England by reason that he could not redresse the Popes detestable exactions and oppressions made choise of a voluntarie Exile at Pountney in France where he died with the honour and opinion of a Saint 63 The Kings imploiments hitherto haue almost wholly been taken vp either in the impatiencie of ciuill disturbations or in the too-patient sufferance of some forraine greeuances nourished within his Kingdome which gaue him perhaps little leasure minde or meanes to pursue any transmarine designe But now better prouided with money then with men and yet not sufficiently with money he takes shippe immediatly after Easter towards Poictou where the Earle of March now husband to Queene Isabell his mother expected his arriuall Hee committed the Gouernment of the Realme in his absence to the Archbishoppe of Yorke Thirtie Hogsheads or Barrels fraught with sterling money were shipt for that seruice There also went with him Richard Earle of Cornwall who was returned with much honour out of the Holy-land not long before and seauen other Earles with about three hundreth Knights besides other souldiers To resist the English the King of France who had giuen Poictou to his brother Alfonse assembled an Armie royall of foure thousand men of Armes excellently wel appointed and about twenty thousand choise Souldiers with a thousand Carts to carrie their other necessaries King Henrie vnderstanding that the King of France lay before Frontenay a Castle belonging to the Earle of March seeking to force it by assaults sent a messenger of defiance to him as a breaker of Truce Lewis a most iust and valiant P◅ince denied that euer hee brake the truce but that the King of England by ma◅ntenance of his Rebe◅s did rather seeme to i◅ringe the Peace Neuerthelesse hee offered so as the English would not protect his enemies the Earle of March and others to giue him Poictou and a great part of Normandy in satisfaction of his Fathers Oath and moreouer to enlarge the last truce with a longer terme of yeeres These so honourable safe and profitable conditions by the practise of the Poictouines who feared the French Kings indignation would proue too heauie for them to beare if the English abandoned their cause were vnfortunately refused 64 When the French King heard hereof it repented him that he had humbled himselfe so farre telling his Lords that he neither feared his Cosen of England nor all his forces but onely that Oath for restoring of the lands in France which his father made when hee was in England This scruple did so trouble the Kings mind on the behalfe of his dead Father that hee would admit no comfort till one of his Lords told him that the King of England by putting Constantine Fitz-Arnold to death for hauing spoken some words in honour of King Lewis his Father had first broken the truce This satisfied the French That whole businesse is thus concluded by Tilius Hugh Earle of March ouercome with the pride and perswasions of his wife ◅sabel would not doe homage to Alfonse the French Kings brother for shee was a cause to draw the English thither where things thriuing on his part but meanely Hugh is constrained in the end to doe both homage and fealty vnto Alfonse This onely must be added that he did vnfaithfully prouide for his priuate safety without the knowledge of the King of England at such time as he pretended otherwise 65 This treacherie lost the King all Poictou for whereas he principally tooke care for money presuming vpon the Earle for men when it came to the point the Earle was not onely not prouided but sware by the throat of God he neuer promised any such matter and denied he had set his Seale to any writing concerning such promises and that if any such sealed writing were as the King and his brother the Earle of Cornwall affirmed their mother his wife had forged it They were now in sight of the French Host before Tailbourg in Xainctoing when this improuident expostulation was made The King of England manifestly seeing his perill and hauing by his brother Earle Richards mediation whom many of the French did greatly honour because he had by composition been a meane at his arriuall to free them from the Saracens in the holy-land raised his camp by night and retreated with much more hast then good speed Not long after this the faire Citie of Xainctes in Xainctoing vpon displeasure conceiued by the Cittizens against the King because he had giuen the same to the Lord Hugh his halfe-brother sonne to the Earle of March first contriued a perfidious reuolt so closelie that if first the said Lord Hugh and then Guy de Lusinian his elder brother had not in good time signified the danger the King and all the English had been surprized by the French There was none among all the mutable Poictouins found respectiue of honor and loyaltie but onely one called Hertold Captaine of the famous Castle of Mirabell who in great sorrow repaired to the King of England praying counsell and assistance where the King with a downecast looke gaue
in the space betweene the Chappels of King Edward and Saint Bennet EDVVARD THE FIRST LORD OF IRELAND AND DVKE OF AQVITAINE c. THE FORTIE-SEVENTH MONARCH OF ENGLAND HIS RAIGNE ACTS AND ISSVE CHAPTER X. EDward who followed K. Henry in wearing the English Crowne but far out-went him in all regall vertues was abroad at the time of his fathers death still pursuing his high desires for the Holy Warres wherein what he performed being yet but a Prince against the publike enemies of Christians it shall not bee impertinent to touch before wee come to his actions as a King hauing already remembred with what valour and felicity hee had subdued his Fathers domesticke enemies setled the peace of his Kingdome and reestablished the raines of Soueraignty in his Fathers hands which those potent Rebels had formerly extorted 2 King Lewis of France whose perswasions had enflamed this noble-spirited Prince to associate him in this glorious quarrell hauing first set forth for the enterprise lay now in siege of Tunis in Africa where Prince Edward with all his forces arriuing the French King greatly reioycing in his wished presence together with the King of Nauarre and other Princes of his Army went forth to meet him and receiued him in the kisse of Peace This place which they beleaguered was as then not great yet by reason of the situation it greatly impeached the Christians in their passages through those Seas being built out of the scattered ribs and wasted ruines of that mighty and famous City Carthage riual once in Maiesty and Ambition with ancient Rome as contending with her about the Empire of the World Therefore to secure the Mediterranean Seas it was thought necessary to beginne that enterprise for Asia with this in Africa but not long after Lewis yeelding vppe his holy Soule to God at the siege and sicknesse by reason of the heates in those Regions for it was August raig of homage to seize vpon the whole Fee of the said Prince marcht with an Armie into Wales his good fortune there was accidentally augmēted by a prize which foure shippes of Bristol tooke about the Isles of Sillie wherein the daughter of Simon Montfort late Earle of Leicester who according to a secret contract betweene their friends went to be giuen in marriage to Lewelin and Aimericke her brother were surprised but shee found honourable vsage of the King her neere kinsman 11 Meanewhile Lewelines affaires by the manhood and diligence of Pain de Canusijs and others who had takē West-Wales in broght it to the Kings peace thriuing but poorely and the saide Prince feeling the foundations of his safetie beginning manifestly to faile and shrinke from vnder him sued for peace and had it vpon such termes which in likely-hood were not as Polydor Virgil would haue it seeme granted by King Edward lest he should leese his cost and care by warring against bogs and mountaines In the conditions of Peace which was procured with great difficulty the most remarkeable as carrying the shew of a farre greater riches in the possession of the Welsh euen at that time then some preiudicated can easily beleeue were these 1. That the Prince should pay to the King for his peace and goodwill fifty thousand pounds sterling the payment whereof should bee in the Kinges will and grace that is as wee conceiue it how much thereof the Prince should pay or not pay and when 2. That the said Prince should haue the Isle of Anglesey in Fee-farme of the King to him and to the lawfull issue of his body in generall taile for fiue thousand Marks readie money for gressom or a fine in hand paid the yeerly rent of a thousand Marks The rest of the articles being about eight amounted to so much as a plain Conquest or dissolution of the Principality of Wales after Lewelins death who was to enioy the same during his time vpon conditions 12 Now whereas the said Lewelin had three Brethren Dauid whom King Edward fauoured Owen and Rodericke it was enioyned to him at this conclusion made by the Lord Robert Tiptoft and certaine other Commissioners vpon eyther side appointed that hee should appease and satisfie his said Brethren but because Dauid was afterward a principall Actor in the calamities which fell vpon himselfe his house and his Country we must not neglect to speake somwhat particularly of him This Gentleman for some causes flying into England from his Brother Lewelin for his faithfull seruice to the State of England was there honoured contrary to the manner of his Nation with the order of Knighthood and receiued also by the bounty of King Edward for his maintenance the Castle of Denbigh with lands to the yeerly value of one thousand pounds and the Daughter of the Earle of Derby being then a Widow to wife with all which bounty the King did but entertaine a reuealer of his secrets as some not improbably doe affirme The State of Wales thus composed and the Castle of Aberistwith which seemes to bee the same that by another is said to haue beene built in West-Wales at Lāpader Vaur being built by King Edward for assuring those parts the King as he was munificent and roiall the more to tie Lewelins faith gaue vnto him the Lady of whose surprise at Sea we haue mentioned to be his consort honouring the Nuptials with his owne presence and his Queens And whereas Alexander King of Scots came about the same season into England to treat with Edward concerning important affaires and had formerly sent to the Welsh warres certaine aides of the Scots the said Alexander being iealous on his Countries behalfe that those aides might bee interpreted to haue beene sent vpon duty obtained letters testimoniall from King Edward declaring that they were not sent of duty or in respect of seruice due 13 Though King Edward were thus desirous to gaine the Welsh-Nation rather by his largesse then puissance hauing so honourably vsed Lewelin hee could not yet retain their hearts for whether it were which some to amoue the note of ingratitude turbulency from them affirme for that there was partiality vsed by the English officers in distribution of iustice vpon the Marches or which seems to some as likely for that they aspired in vaine to their ancient liberty being miserably seduced with certaine blind prophesies the Welsh betooke themselues afresh to Armes for Dauid himselfe whom the King had laden with so many benefites and graces became to them a principall leader and to giue them full assurance of his fastnesse to their cause reconciling himselfe to his brother the Prince he sodainely and treacherously vpon Palme-Sunday seised the Castle of Hawardin surprising Roger de Clifford a noble famous Knight whom the King had dispatched into those parts as Iusticiar of all Wales and slaying such vnarmed men as offered to resist that violence whence
owners of such bodies as were beaten to the Earth vpon the first day these are worthily reckoned chiefe The King of Bohemia the King of Maiorca Charles Earle of Alanson brother-German to King Philip the Duke of Loraine the Duke of Burbon the Earle of Flanders the Earle of Sauoy both great Princes the Dolphin of Vi◅nois sonne to Himbert the Earle of S◅erre and Hareconrt whose brother Godfrey in pitty of his house his two Nephewes being slaine with their father forsooke the King of England after this battell and returned into Grace with the French the Earles of Aumarl Neuers c. sixe Earles of Almaine beside others of great account of all sorts Vpon the second day the Grand Prior of France who with his Archbishoppe of Roan had on the behalfe of their Prince and Country put on Arms. Of the Commons in both of these blacke dayes there fell about thirty thousand and some say foure times more in this last then in the other 101 We finde not one man of honour or note slaine vpon the English side so that this victorie may safely bee accounted among the wonderfull The spoiles of the Enemies bodies and carriages King Edward gaue wholy to his well deseruing souldiers The rule of their safety they being in a most populous enemy Countrie would not permit them to vse much curtesie to others as that which might haue proued cruelty to themselues but vpon the second day they tooke many prisoners though none of great name for they were spent in the day before It pleased the conquerour to proclaime a truce now for three dayes in the Country about that the people might come in to burie their dead but the bodies of the most noble hee himselfe caused to be conueied to Monstreal and there in his March towards Calais enterred 102 Thus by Gods fauour and the vnresistable force of the English Archers who in a manner did onely fight was King Edward put into a full and peaceable possession of a perfect victory which after hee had one night onely enioyed in the Forrest of Crescie hee dislodged with his conquering hoast marched straight toward Calais which hee presently inuested hauing decreed neuer to rise with his Armie from before it till without assault hee had carried the same For which cause he entrenched and fortified his Camp on all sides built vp Sheds couered with Reed and broome and other places and offices as to dwell in and stopping all reliefe by Sea whereof hee was Master with his Nauie There commanded in Calais for the French Sir Iohn de Vienne Marshall of France and the Lord Dandreghan with a very strong Garrison who concluded like good men of war to trie all extremities rather then to surrender the Piece which was so strong that to assault the same otherwise then with famine had beene friuolous These great Captaines seeing King Edwards resolution thrust forth of the Towne for sparing of food their poorer people aboue fifteene hundreth whom hee like a true Christian Prince turned not backe vpon the Towne but releeued for Gods cause with fresh victuals and two pence sterling each permitting them freely and securely to passe through his Camp to his great glory and vndoubtedly profite also hauing their hearty prayers for his happy successe and God for pay-master and rewarder of such his Beneficence 103 Many wayes were thought vpon by king Philip to raise this obstinate siege two principall an Army of French to fight with King Edward and a diuersion by inuasion wherein the Scots their perpetuall allies were forward Both in their seuerall times were put into execution That of the Scotish inuasion was first but with such successe as well declared it was Gods will all people hauing their encreasings zeniths and declinations that the English name should now be brought to the verticall point thereof without any thing being able to resist it 104 For Dauid the second King of Scots to grasand old Crownes The Pope sending a Messenger from Auignion with an ouerture to intercede for a peace had answere that the message must bee sent to the King his father for he co◅ not meddle without commandement from him Mean while hee disposed of things without impeachment and returnes laden with honor and spoiles to Burdeaux where the winter being spent he sets forth to new aduentures Hee had in his Armie about eight thousand braue expert and well disciplined Souldiers and with them aduanceth through Perigort Limosin into the bosome of France vp to the verie gates of Burgesse in Berie the terror of his name flying before to his great aduantage Thus satisfied for the present hee wheeles about with purpose to returne by Remorantine in Blasois which hee tooke and so through the Country of Iurain Poictou and Saintoin to his chiefe City Burdeaux But Iohn King of France hasting to goe beyond his father in misfortune hauing assembled a compleat hoast followed about the City of Poictiers ouer-tooke the inuincible Prince 115 When the Armies with the ods of six to one against the English were embattelled two Cardinals sent from Pope Clement laboured as they had done before to take vp the quarrell without stroke whereunto the Prince was with reason yeelding enough but King Iohn fatally presuming on his aduantage propounded such conditions as if in a manner the Prince of Wales had already beene at his commaund which with iust indignation were reiected It came hereupon to a most bloudy triall where if euer the Prince and English gaue full experiment of their valour for after long conflict and absolute discomfiture of al the 3. French battels the least of which exceeded al the Princes nūbers the King himselfe valiantly fighting and Philip his yongest sonne who with such boldnesse and zeale defended his distressed father as it purchased vnto him the Honourable surname of Hardie were taken prisoners 116 The English whose valiancy was most conspicuous were the Earles of Warwicke Suffolke Salisburie Oxford and Stafford the Lords Cobham Spenser Audley Berkley Basset c. of Gascoigne subiects to the Crowne of England the Capitall de Beuf the Lord Pumier Chaumont with others of lower title but not of vnequall valour Iames Lord Audley wanne immortall renowne at this bloudy battell where hee receiued many wounds and shared the Princes gift of 500. Markes land in Fee simple to his foure Esquiers who had continued with him in all the brunt and fury of danger It is the misfortune or glory of the French Nobles that in all great battels the losse fals heauily vpon them In this most disasterous ouerthrow there fell fifty and two Lords about seuenteene hundreth Knights Esquiers and Gentlemen bearing coates of Armes The chiefe Lords were Peter of Bourbon Duke of Athens high Constable of France Iohn Clermont Marshall George of Charney Lord great Chamberlaine c. and as many other
as the French would for their Kings deliuerance performe which put King Edward into a new resolution against France 121 King Edward houlding himselfe deluded by the French with a fleete of eleuen hundred Saile passeth ouer from Sandwich to a new inuasion Hee arriued at Calais from whence he set forward in three great battels whereof the first being least was vnder Henry Duke of Lancaster the second being greater vnder the braue Prince of Wales and the last which was greatest was led by King Edward himselfe They marched through Artois to the Citie of Rheims in Champain where the Kings of France vse to be crowned and annointed The City of Sens an Archbishops See and Neuers doe yeeld without resistance The Duke of Burgundy for two hundreth thousand florens of gold obtained that all Burgundy was spared from sackage or spoile It was told the King that the Normans had landed at Winchelsea in the time of diuine seruice and among other their most impious outrages a like execrable villanie as that which Gibeonites sonnes of Beliall are recorded to haue committed vpon the Leuites wife was more wickedly perpetrated by them in the Church it selfe where the woman being of singular beautie was by their insatiable violations murthered and they got backe to their Ships before the Countrey could rise vpon them to take due vengeance Hereupon King Edward presently raised his Standard and set forth out of Champain where not farre from the City of Rheins hee had kept his Christmas toward Paris 122 He came before it with his armie diuided into nine Battalions where hee honoured foure hundred Esquires and Gentlemen with the Order of Knighthood Charles the Dolphin Regent of France was within Paris with a great force but could not by any meanes bee drawne to hazard battell There were ample conditions in humble manner tendred to Edward but he was as yet inflexible and deafe against any other then such as himselfe like a Conquerour propounded Paris vp to whose very wals King Edward ranne not being fesible he retires into Britaine to refresh his Army but vpon his returne finding it stronger then before he turnes his wrath into the very bowels of France exercising hostile Actions vp as farre as Charters and Orleans and as yet continued inexorable God was displeased thereat and to let Edward know so much he caused the Minister of his wrath a terrible tempest to as◅aile his Hoast and to kill therein many both men and horses King Edward is said vpon this occasion to be so wounded with remorse that repairing to our Lady-Church of Charters he prostrated himself to God and sorrowing for the bloodshed and wast-full burning which hee had made vowed to giue quiet to the Christian world vpon equall conditions This and the Duke of Lancasters perswasions softned him so that finally by mediation of the Popes Legat one Simon de Langres a peace was concluded at Bretagnie neere to Charters vpon the eight of May and in Nouember following K. Iohn himselfe was transported to Caleis and there by King Edward according to the Capitulations of the Treatie set at liberty after he had been a prisoner aboue foure yeeres 123 Articles of this accord so necessarie for the distressed Estate of France were these 1 That to the intent these conditions which the French condescended vnto should be more forceable and not seeme to be extorted by aduantage ods or inquitie of the times the two Edwards Father and Sonne should for euer release to K. Iohn and to his heires all the right and claime which they had to the Crowne of France to the Dutchy and Estates of Normandy Aniou Turain and Main as also to the homages of Britain Armorick and the Earldome of Flanders 2. That King Iohn and his sonne for them and their heires should by a day certaine restore and release to King Edward and his heires c. the whole Countrey of Aquitain enlarged with the bordering and spacious Countreys of Santoin Poictou Pierregort Limosin Quercie Angolesm Rouergne c. with all the Cities Castles and appurtenances to be holden free without any dependencie but of God 3. That the County of Pontheiu the proper inheritance of Isabel late Queene Dowager of England mother of King Edward the Townes Countries and Lordships of Calais Guines Mountril Haim Wale Oye Merck S. Valary c. and all the Ilands which either the English then held or which lay before any of the Premisses with only certaine limitations concerning priuate mens interest should remaine in like freedome as the rest of the premisses to the Crowne of England 4 That King Iohn should pay for his ransome part thereof to be in hand and part vpon daies the summe of thirty hundreth thousand scutes of Gold euerie two of which should be sixe shillings and eight pence sterling And that for assurance there should be assigned certaine number of Hostages by King Edward named to remaine in England 5. That the French should not aid nor assist the Scots against the English nor they the Flemings against the French 6. That it should bee lawfull for either King notwithstanding to aid the Titlers for the Dutchie of Britaine at their pleasures There were sundry other Articles as in cases of so transcendent qualitie must needs happen but as these were principall so the most of them might haue beene well left out here vnlesse they had more exactly beene obserued by the French Yet were they ratified with hands seales and Oathes at Calais where the two Kings in stead of kissing the Pax at masse either hauing for honors sake refused to take it first saluted each the other with a most brotherlie embracement and louing kisse buse the King of Englands credulitie till hee had gotten before hand as farre as dissimulations could aduance hee Courts the good old Prince with louing letters and presents while in the mean time his plots ripen abroad and the County of Pontieu the king of Englands vndeniable inheritance was first surprised before King Edward heard thereof And whereas the Prince of Wales had at a Parliament in Gascoigne propounded a demand for fowage or of money to bee leuied by the chimney the Earles of Armignac and Cominges and other Lords the Princes subiects bearing no sound affections toward the English Empire the lesse for that by the pollicy of Glequin and the Chancellor of France Dourmauns all or most of the Countries and Townes which by vertue of the peace made at Bretigney were annexed thereunto were cūningly wrought to return to their old Lords repaire to the French Court at Paris there to pursue an appeale for redresse of this oppression against the Prince who was not so happy as to follow the counsell of Sir Robert Knols and other wisest Captaines who disswaded this imposition pretending that hee was to answere before King Charles as
Iohn Mensterworth the yong Lords Grandsonne and Fitzwalter and other vainelie scorning to be vnder Knols for that they held themselues his betters and thereupon diuiding themselues after they had done sundry exploits marching vp euen to Paris were beaten and foild by the French vnder Glequins conduct but Knols wintred safe in Britaine Mensterworth comes into England and knowing accusers haue the vantage complaines to King Edward of Knols but not altogether beleeued he ads treason to vntruth and turning French becomes a wicked enemy to his King and Countrey promising the French to procure the Castilian Nauie to inuade England for which being in the last yeere of King Edwards raigne taken hee by due course was condemned and cut in pieces dying the death he had deserued He was laid hould vpon in the City of Pampeline in Nauarre and from thence conueighed to London vpon whose bridge his wicked head stood Sentinell 141 Pope Vrban the fifth comming from Rome to Auinion with purpose to vnite these two mighty Kings their wils and mights against the common enemy of Christendome put off mortality at Marsils and so that holy intention ceased for the present but the same being continued by his next successor Gregory 11. yet tooke no effect no more then that which the Emperour to like cause would haue vndergone which the French impute to King Edward who confident by reason of his former atchieuements would trie it out by the sword Wherein he seemed to forget the mutable condition of warre the searnesse of his bodie and the greennesse of his Grand-Child yong Richard who was to succeed if the Prince of Wales died as shortly after he did Neither did God seeme to approue his opinion herein for that crosses came fast vpon him both at home and abroad There is no greater wisdome nor happinesse then to know when we are well and then to preserue without hazard or empairment that honour wealth or quiet which we already haue 142 Among the States and Townes assigned to the English by vertue of the treatie at Bretigny which had reuolted to the French was the Citie of Limoges in Limosin whither the Prince marcheth sits down with his armie before it Thither came vnto him out of England his brethren the D. of Lancaster the Earle of Cambridge with a fresh supplie of valiant Chiefs and Souldiers The City stood it out to the vttermost and was forceably entred where mercy had nothing to saue nor spare the sword and fire for terror to other killing and defacing in a manner all Hee who writes that the Prince flew vp neere to Paris and scarsely by reason of Glequins valour got backe to Burdeaux seemes to haue mistaken therein as in many other things concerning vs of great importance After this seruice the Prince health failing him more more leaues his Brethren in Aquitaine and sailes into England 143 The French in the meane time wonne towns and places in Aquitaine gathering new hopes after so long and perpetuall infelicities The losse of that expert Captaine Sir Iohn Chandoys vnfortunately slaine was a great aduantage to their desires whose whole care for warre rested vpon Glequin not long before aduanced for his military vertue from low estate to so great eminencie as to bee Constable of France the chiefest officer for warre which that Kingdome hath and he a man of much proofe in good and euill fortune so tempered his courage with discretion that he onely first bad his Country rise againe and endeauor in despite of euill fortune to reflourish 144 The Prince of Wales wanting health vpon comming to his fathers sight rendred vp the Dutchie of Aquitaine to bee disposed of as to his roiall pleasure seemed good While King Edward was at Clarendon there repaired to him the factious king of Nauarre whose errand was to make an ouerture of association against the French but as his offers were acceptable so his cautions not seeming sufficient hee returned after great entertainement without concluding 145 Iohn Duke of Lancaster and his brother the Earle of Cambridge doe now returne out of Aquitaine with the Ladies Constance and Isabel daughters of Don Pedro late King of Spaine whom they married The Duke thereupon instiling himselfe King and his wife Queene of Castile and Leon. Nor was the English name onely encreased in titularie honors for about this time the Flemings who had prouoked vs were vanquisht by the Earle of Hereford at sea in a sharpe fight about twentie and fiue of their shippes being taken and all the men slain The sweete of this victory was sowred not long after with a grieuous losse for the French hauing besieged the strong Citie of Rochel in Santoin with the aide by sea of Henry King of Castile to relieue the English Iohn Earle of Pembroke was sent with about forty shippes men victuals munition and mony to the value of twenty thousand marks forthe vses of the warre but being sodainely assailed with the Spanish Armado which consisted of many great shippes vnder the command of Ambrose Buccanigra and others the English after a long and cruell conflict were vtterly distressed the Earle taken prisoner and almost all the rest either taken or put to the sword Rochel held out notwithstanding to whose reliefe while King Edward himselfe in person with an extraordinary force set saile the wind alwayes till that time fauourable to his voyages for France came Easterly and draue him backe into England with great griefe and the waste they write of nine hundred thousand pounds sterling Neither did hee so giue ouer the care of that strong Peece which the English most manfully made good against the enemie 146 Rochel thus persisting in loyall resolution Iohn Duke of Britaine who had married the Lady Marie daughter of King Edward a Gentleman of much gratitude toward the English the authors of his fortunes resolues to aduenture his state in their quarrell ships away for England hath aide ministred vnto him hee returnes and warres with various euent But Iohn Duke of Lancaster with a very great Armie comes to Callis and from thence marcheth ouer the whole face of France and though with losse of many thousand horse in the desert countries of Aâ—…ergn throgh famin came safe but with an almost-hunger-starued Army to Burdeaux Not long after hee drew into the field and a day was appointed betweene him and the Duke of Anion the French Kings brother to haue tried the quarrell of their Nations by set battell before the City of Tholouz in Languedoc but by an vntimely a pernitious short truce to which K. Edward yeelded because his son the Prince lay dangerously sick the hoped victory not onlie slipt out of the English mens hands but almost all aduantage also of doing any thing else seasonably The French boasted themselues as of a Conquest who notwithstanding did helpe out their valiancy with policie
liberty and vntill then to remaine the Kings Prisoners Geoffrey de Chasteaux aboue mentioned only excepted These agreements concluded the Indenture subscribed and king Henries seale of Armes thereunto fixed at the prefixed day according to these Articles the Castell of Fallais was rendered vnto him which done he diuided his Army into manie parts vnde◅ the seuerall conducts of the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester and the Earle of Warwicke who wan diuers Castels himselfe the while marching to besiege Rouen where he set downe his siege and began the assault in a furious manner the defendants as obstinately bent to hold him out so that to winne the Towne by force Henry found it very difficult aswell for the strength of Bulwarkes and Ramparts as for the number of hands within it to make resistance and therefore to reduce them by famine was his only designe 52 For Burgogne from King Charles had sent many worthy Captaines with a thousand selected Souldiers to defend the City and within it besides were fifteene thousand Citizens well trained and furnished and the Towne stored with victuals for ten months continuance notwithstanding K. Henry quartered about the Towne and for his safety cast vp a Trench betwixt the wals and his men the Riuer Seine hee blockt vp with three Iron-Chaines one of them layd two foote aboue water another with the leuell and the third two foote vnder the water to forbidde all reliefe vnto the Citty by Boats 53 With the English sixteene hundred Irish Kernes were enrolled from the Prior of Kilmainham able men but almost naked their armes were targets darts and swordes their horses little and bare no saddle yet very nimble on which vpon euery aduantage they plaied with the French in spoiling the Country rifeling the houses and carrying away children with their baggage vpon their Cowes backes Thus from Iune vnto December the siege had continued and now victuals failing and the Towne in distresse the Rouennois sent foure gentlemen and as manie Burgesses vnto King Charles and the Burgogne then at Beauuois to signifie their miseries fifty thousand already famished with hunger and twelue thousand staruelings put out of the Towne but not suffered to passe by the English died by multitudes in the ditches whose vnburied Carcases did infect the Towne with contagious diseases so that without present reliefe they must be inforced to render 54 Ayde was promised and earnestly expected but in steed of supplies the Bishop of Beauuois accompanied with others and the Cardinall or Vrsins sent from Pope Martin were dispatched to King Henry to entreat a peace for the better accomplishing thereof they brought with them the picture of the Lady Catherine according to life which King Henry well liked yea and as Serres saith fell in loue with but demanding a hundred thousand Crownes with the Dutchies of Normandy Aquitain Aniou and other Seignories for her dowry nothing was concluded or done 55 And now the Rouennois helpeles of succour and despairing of peace resolued to make a braue sally vpon the kings quarter to performe which resolution 10000. chosen mē with their leaders issued out of the Towne the vantgard which was 2000. being past and in fight by misfortune the draw-bridge with ouer-weight of men brake manie were drowned slaine and hurt neither was there any more passage that way to releeue their followers engaged in fight with the English whereupon they made hast to the other Gates but before they could come to giue ayde the vantgard was broken and most of them slaine and taken Prisoners Vpon this disastre the souldiers within mutined against Guy de Boutellier their General murmuring that he had contriued the breaking of the bridge 56 In these distastures King Charles returning towards Paris sent the besieged word to make what shift they could which vnexpected message stroake a sad feare into the miserable defendants hearts who weake in men and victuals knew no way to subsist and thereupon in Counsell concluded to send vnto Henry which presently they did For whose entertainement he caused two tents to be set vp at Port S. Hillarie Their Commissioners were two gentlemen two Clergie-men and two Burgesses of the Towne Commissioners for the King were the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earle of Warwick the demands of the Rouennois were many but their answers were short that no conditions would be accepted but simply yeelding to the kings mercy whereupon the conference brake vp and these returned into the Towne bred sundry distractions some crying to yeeld and other some crying to die like men but Henrie desirous to be Master of the Towne and fearing it would be fired by themselues if he wan it by force made the Archbishop of Canterbury his Instrument whose vocation was fit for it to call again the Commissioners and againe fell into treaty of Composition which lastly was agreed vpon these Articles as follow 1. That the Burgesses should giue vnto Henry towards his expense in the siege three hundred fifty sixe thousand Crownes of gold 2. That Robert Li◅et vicar generall to the Archbishop of Rouen Iehan Iourdan who commanded the Canoniers and Alen Blanchart Captaine of the Common people should be left to his mercy without condition 3. That all the people should sweare faith and loyalty to Henry and his Successors 4 That Henrie should protect and defend them against all men and confirme vnto them their priuiledges franchises and liberties which they had enioyed euer since the time of Saint Lewis king of France 5. That all such as had desire to leaue the Towne might freely depart with his garments vpon his backe only and his goods to be confiscated vnto King Henry 6. That the souldiers should bring all their Armes to a place assigned and should depart out of the Towne vnarmed with a Cudgell in their hands first taking their Oath not to beare Armes against Henry for a twelue month next ensuing 57 This agreement was concluded the 16 of Iune Anno 1418. when as the hungry Citizens in multitudes came to the English Campe to buy victu al 's which so abounded with Prouisions as a fat mutton was sould for sixe souses of Paris money Vpon the next day following Henrie triumphantlie made his entry into Rouen the Ecclesiasticks of the Towne in their miters and vestures with their reliques singing of Hymnes conducted him to the Cathedrall Church where before the high Altar vpon his knees he gaue thankes to God for the Conquest of this Towne which had remained two hundred and fifteene yeeres in the possession of the French euen from the time when Philip King of France wan it from king Iohn of England The day following Alain Blanchart the Captaine of the common people was beheaded Robert Linet and Iehan Iourdan put to their high ransomes the French Garrisons pillaged vnarmed and put out of the Towne but safely were conducted ouer
Chancellor as being a person very dangerous vnto both 10 The news of these home-contentions comming to the Duke of Bedford into France easily drew him home though the state of that Realme could not well want his presence For Iohn Duke of Britaine notwithstanding his late renouation of league with the Regent at Amiens iealous of the English greatnes turned sodeinely to Charles and with him Arthur Earle of Richmond his brother This puts fresh spirit into the drooping Prince Arthur is by Charles made Constable of his France in place of the Scottish Earle who was slaine at the bloody Battell of Vernoil The Duke of Britaine ouerliues this reuolt but a small time Arthur to declare his forwardnes on the behalfe of Charles assembleth about twenty thousand men and with them sodeinely besiegeth S. Iean a Towne of Normandy vpon the frontier of Britaine which Edmund Duke of Sommerset Gouernour of Normandy had lately fortified and stuft with souldiers The vnexpected arriuall of the French did greatly at the first perplex the English but vpon better aduise they valiantly sallied out vpon them both before and behind which stroke so great terrour into the enemy that with losse of their Artillery and many of their people they forsooke the siege To redeeme this dishonour he turnes his fury vpon the Countrey of Angioâ—… which in many parts he depopulates and spoiles The Regent being resolued to returne into England leaues behind him Beaâ—…champ Earle of Warwicke as lieutenant who was lately arriued in France hauing six thousand fresh Souldiers in his company 11 The presence of the Duke of Bedford Regent of France was to the State of England very necessary For the wisdome and authority of so great a Prince being eldest vncle to the King and one whom many great deedes made famous allaied the distemper which he found at his arriual It was a worke worthy of his labour and he also found it to be a worke indeed and not easily effectuable The differences were debated first at Saint Albans then at Northampton lastly in a Parliament at Leicester which continued there till toward the end of Iune The Duke of Bedford himselfe to auoid the note of partiality for that his brother of Glocester was a party did not intermeddle otherwise then as in Generall words to perswade amity but the whole cause was referred to arbitrators of greatest Nobility and prudence by whose endeuours all those differences and greeuances were equally thrust into one sacke to be sealed vp for euer by obliuion and without mention of amends on either side the Duke and Bishop the one hauing sworne by his Princehood the other by his Priesthood truly to obserue the award shooke hands and were fully for that time reconciled After which holy and necessary worke of priuate attonements ensued acts of festiuitie and honor For in the same Towne of Leicester the young King not then fiue yeeres of age was at the high feast of Pentecost dubbed Knight by the Regent of France Immediately whereupon the King honored Richard Earle of Cambridge who by the fatall errour of the Counsell was at this Parliament created Duke of Yorke the same who was father to Edward the fourth with the order of knighthood and about forty more with him This Richard Duke of Yorke was hee who brought vpon this Kingdome and nation most dolefull diuisions to the vtter extirpation of all the male lines of either house that is to say his owne and that of Lancaster whereof the young King was head From Leicester the King was conueighed to Killingworth and Thomas Duke of Excester dying Beauchamp Earle of Warwicke was constituted Guardian and Tutor to the King 12 The Regent hauing thus worthily prouided for the quiet estate of the King and Country returns to his charge in France There went ouer at the same time a choise and great number of fresh men vnder the conduct of that immortally renowmed the L. Talbot whose victories saith Polydor were so many that his name was not onely most dreadfull to the French but most famous through the world euen at this present That yee may know the man not to haue beene studious of fine Phrases vpon the one side of his sword-blade was engrauen Sum Talboti and vpon the other this boisterous blunt sentence Pro vincere inimicos meos The Duke of Alanzon taken at the Castell of Vernoil was set at liberty vpon payment of two hundreth thousand Scutes of gold At Mountarges about Orleance the English receiued an ouerthrow with the losse of about fifteene hundreth of their numbers and in Britaine the French sustained great dammages by a Captaine of the Duke of Sommersets These were petty matters They of Mantz in Maine had drawne in the French by night who massacred the English William Earle of Suffolke Captain of the place sends to Iohn Lord Talbot for succour It came and that so vnexpectedly that the French were alike distrest All but souldiers were spared and many also of them though thrust into prisons The Traitours which had caused so much mischiefe had their deserts by death From hence the Lord Talbot marched to other enterprises The quality of our taske cals vs to the maine 13 Thomas Lord Montacute Earle of Salisbury being with the Regent at Paris and considering what forces of men and all prouisions the English then enioied bethought himselfe of some action which might answere the greatnesse of his owne name and of the publike meanes The siege of Orleance is by him propounded to the Councell The credite of the Motioner was alone an argument of power to conuince the possibility His desires were therefore furnished with all competent prouisions They of Orleance hearing what a storme was comming for the name of this Earle was worthily terrible with great diligence ordaine for their defence The Suburbes answerable in bignesse to a good City they leuell with the earth that the enemie might not from thence annoy them Men victuals munition and constant intentions to fight for their liberty and safegard abounded The Earle of Sarisburie the Lord Talbot and a dreadfull puissance vnder most expert commanders present themselues before it Orleance was and is an Episcopall See a Parliament Towne and Vniuersity richly scituate vpon the riuer of Loir whose best glory it is being the chiefe City which that renowned streame watereth No enemies appearing abroad he approacheth close to the walles Assaults prouing vain he entrencheth about it and to secure his Campe casts vp ramparts and other works one of which by reason of the hugenesse thereof was called London by the name of the chiefe-chiefe-City of England The Fort which stood at the Bridge foot beyond the Loyr hee seiseth vpon and closeth them vp on euery side Charles of France could minister no sufficient succor God when mans helpe failes interposeth his hand which as all of vs daily feele so is it most conspicuous in the deliuerance of
vs goe on they cannot escape the hand of God In all aduentures she was one and formost The English lost at this siege the Earle of Salisbury the Lord Molins the Lord Pâ—…ynings and many other But doe not rashly beleeue Serres in saying that of all sorts were slaine in such Sallies as the martiall Virgine made eight thousand Our Writers say but sixâ—… hundreth The Lord Talbot marched away with aboue nine thousand whom Ioan would not suffer the French to pursue In memory of this admirable deliuerance they of that City erected a monument where Charles the seuenth king of France and Ioan the Martiall maide were represented kneeling in Armour eleuating their eyes and handes to heauen in signe of thankes and acknowledgement 17 There was an interchangeable taking and recouering of Townes and places of importance vpon both sides The Lord Talbot tooke Lauall and the Earle of Suffolke puts himself into Iergeaux Thither the Duke of Alanson with Ioan and other great Captaines come which they force by assault Sir Alexander Pool the Earles brother was slaine with many others in the fight the Earle himselfe remained prisoner The Duke added some other places to this Conquest soone after his numbers are augmented by the repaire to him of Arthur Constable of France the Earle of Vandome the Lord Dalbret and others so that now their whole Army contayned about twenty and three thousand men With these they encounter the Lord Talbot who had scarce the fifth part of their numbers at a village called Patay whom they charged so sodainely that his Archers had no time to fortifie their battels after their manner with a Palizado or empaâ—…ement of stakes so that the chiefe fight must bee made vpon horsebacke After three houres bloudy resistance the English were put to the worst The Lord Scales the Lord Hungerford Sir Thomas Rampstone and euen the Lord Talbot himselfe being first wounded in the backe were taken The footmen enforced to trust to their swords vnder the shelter of such horsemen as remained retreated in order and came to a place of safety The English lost aboue a thousand the French aboue 600. This blow shooke the whole fabricke of the English greatnesse in France at the very foundations awaking multitudes euen of those who before had vowed fealty to the English and now had colour of diuine warrant for violating that vow to ioyne with the victors for the recouery of common liberty There followed the present reuolt of sundry townes neither was it long before Charles himselfe issues out in Armes recouers the City of Aunerre and Reims where according to the Maides direction hee was solemnly crowned King Hitherto shee might bee thought propheticall and fortunate It should seeme now that the chiefe part of her imployment was accomplished yet she flourished a while longer The Duke of Bedford to buttresse the shrinking state of English affaires in France and to encounter euill fortune in the face vpon the vnpleasant newes of Orleance rescued and Talbots taking musters his whole present forces which made aboue ten thousand English besides certaine wings of Normans with these he marcheth out of Paris and opposeth himselfe to the Current of Charles his new hopes who meant to attempt that City some of whose Citizens held strict and secret correspondence with him But vpon this affrontment he suspended the execution of that design hauing as then no hope to atchieue it The Regent returnes to Paris Ioane the Pucell disswaded Charles from fight 18 Places of speciall note as Campeigne and Beauuois yeelded themselues voluntarily to Charles The Regent hauing setled the Estate and Garrisons of the Chiefe City passeth into Normandy to prouide for a safe retreat there if perhaps the English by the ineuitable will of God should bee enforced to quit their other holdes and dominions which hee began to suspect for that he had intelligence of a secret purpose which the French pursued to winne the Burgundians from King Henries side While the Regent was absent vpon this occasion Charles got the Towne of Saint Denis a neighbour to Paris though hee held it not long by practise From thence he sends the Duke of Alanson and Ioane to trie their friends and fortunes at Paris They found not hoped successe for the English gaue them so rough an encounter that Ioan her selfe was wounded and the rest with much slaughter driuen to fall off The Regent hearing of these attempts entrusteth the Coast-Townes of Normandy to the care of Richard Duke of Yorke and Roan the Capitall City of that Dutchy to Edmund Duke of Sommerset himselfe speedes to Paris where he commends the souldiers and Citizens for that they had not imitated the disloyaltie of their Neighbours New supplies came out of England The next enterprize was to reduce Campeigne to obedience Iohn of Luxemburg with Burgundians and some English besiegeth it Here the glory of Ioan vnfortunately ended for comming to the rescue shee entred indeed but afterward sallying forth her troupes were beaten and her selfe being betrayed say her fauourers taken prisoner by the said Burgundian Knight who for the value of her ransome ten thousand pounds Turnoys and three hundreth Crownes yeerely rent deliuered her vnto the English The siege was notwithstanding raysed they sent her to Roan where she about nine or ten moneths after was burnt to death Claelia was saued by Porsenna and it is not to be doubted but that the magnanimity of the English would haue spared her had they not found it necessary to deface the opinion which the French euen with superstition had conceiued of her Our Writers shew how the course of her life being legally examined by the Bishoppe of Beauois in whose Diocesse shee was taken and shee thereupon for sorcerie bloudshed and vnnaturall vse of manlike apparrell and habiliments contrary to her sex condemned to die was notwithstanding vpon her solemne abiuring of such her lewd practises pardoned her life till againe conuicted of periurious relapsing though acknowledging her selfe a strumpet and fayning to be with child she deseruedly vnderwent that punishment which she sought to delay The rumor of her end and the ignominious cause thereof was somewhat incommodious to the affaires of Charles It was thought that the comming of King Henry to Paris would be much more 19 Hee had already with great solemnity receiued the Crowne of England at Westminster being about nine yeeres olde a most fashionable and waxen age for all impression either of good or bad The next yeere after his Coronation in England he passeth ouer into France there also to receiue the diademe thereof The Constableship of England was before his departure assigned by Patent for terme of life to Richard Duke of Yorke which gaue him a more feeling of greatnes and secretly whetted his ambitious appetite vpon this occasion One Iohn Vpton of Feuersham in Kent Notarie accused Iohn Down of the
it were obliged to them both could acknowledge no lesse Charles more ambititiously then iustly desired exceedingly to annex Britaine to the Crowne of France taking occasion of the time and other circumstances which all seemed to conspire with his affections The Duke old and the father of one onely daughter suruiuing till marriage Maximilian King of Romans and riuall of King Charles in the same desires aswell for the Dutchy as the daughter feeble in meanes and King Henry aswell obnoxious to the French for benefits as busied in his particular at home and the Duke of Britane by succouring Lewis Duke of Orleance and other French Lords whom King Charles reputed his aduersaries ministred to the French an occasion or colour at least of warring vpon Britaine and so by the apt concurrence of circumstances to annexe it by conquest if by treaty hee could not Henrie of England now knowne to bee victoriously setled seemes worth the Courting Ambassadors come from the French who lay open the wrong offered by the Britaines in succouring the enemies of France put Henrie in minde of passed benefits and pray his assistance or at the least a neutrality but altogether concealing the mystery of this warre which was to annexe Britaine to the Crowne of France Howsoeuer Henry though he well enough knew that a King must euer bee the best part of his Councell for what are others opinions if himselfe want the happinesse or iudgement to choose the best propounds the points to his priuy Councell whereupon he Christianly offers himselfe a Mediatour betweene the French and Britaine an office in which it was apparant he might best satisfie all obligations and duties both to God and them The French pretend liking but in the meane time follow their designe hard Henry sends his Chaplen Master Christopher Vrswicke a man * whom he very often imploied The French maske on Things come to some extremities It becomes manifest that King Charles abused the King of Englands credulity for the City of Nant's in Britaine was brought by siedge to point of yeelding while messengers and packets outwardly osled with the name of peace slide to and fro and the French doubt nothing so much as lest the English should stirre before their victorie had made Britain irrecouerable The Lord Wooduile as without the Kings will or priuity slips ouer into Britaine with three or foure hūdred choise men to assist the Duke and came time enough to bee slaine with almost all his Souldiers at the battel of Saint Albin where the French wanne the day notwithstanding that the Britains the rather to appall their enemies had apparelled seuenteene hundred of their owne Souldiers in white Coates with redde Crosses after the English manner and made thereby a shew of two Regiments of English The Britaines had a great losse in that battel wherein they were made fewer by sixe thousand The Duke of Orleance and Prince of Orange who then were British in faction were taken Prisoners in the same fight The French lost about twelue hundreth and their Generall an Italian So that the state of Britaine seemed ripe for a fall 25 But King Henry hauing long since suspected and foreseene what the vttermost marke of the French might be and seeming to haue enough suffered the interest which they might expect in him as a man to be abused by their practises to the preiudice of his other friend the Duke of Britaine who forgate not to sollicit and vrge that point had made the quality of this affaire known to the body of State in open Parliament for that purpose assembleb as meaning by authority thereof to purge himselfe from all imputation if as a King he did that which the reason of Gouernment required which would not assent that Britaine should be made French lest by that accession their Neighbourhood might grow intollerable Britaine hauing so many Sea-townes and Out-lets to mischiefe the English trafficke Himselfe was otherwise also sufficiently resolued that the general good ought to predominate the particular and that his priuate obligations ought not to entangle or preiudice the publike seruice The Parliament therefore considering that which stood for the Common-weale decrees aide of men and money on behalfe of the Duke of Britaine it being besides all other respects a perillous example to suffer the great to deuoure the lesser Neighbour States vpon pretences of iustice or reuenge Forces are leuied but for respect of King Charles and in hope that the shew of preparations would stoope him to equall conditions not yet so roundlie as the Britons necessities expected Meane while that no formality or Princely Ceremony should be vnaccomplished King Henry by his Ambassadours certifies King Charles of his Parliaments decree praies him to desist from farther Hostilitie otherwise that he must assist the Duke but yet for the French Kings sake with this reseruation of pursuing his subiects no where but in Britaine Charles made small account of these ouertures because hee truly perswaded himselfe that the English aides would not arriue in season which fell out accordingly for before that time the French had gotten that victorie whereof euen now wee spake at the Battell of Saint Albin Vpon newes whereof the English Regiments were immediatly sent ouer vnder Robert Lord Broke Generall Sir Iohn Cheiney Sir Iohn Midleton Sir Ralfe Hilton Sir Richard Corbet Sir Thomas Leighton Sir Richard Lacon and Sir Edmund Cornewall Knights and Coronels The whole Army contained eight thousand men These march toward the enemy who acquainted with the temper of the English whiles they are fresh as being then almost inuincible containe themselues within their Campe but yet molest the English with continuall skirmishes on horsebacke in seueral places at once smally to the profit of the French who were alwaies put to the worse the Archers receiued them with such perpetuall stormes In the meane space Francis Duke of Britaine dies leauing in effect one only daughter the Lady Anne for the other being the younger deceased not long after This altered the whole state of the case The British Nobility vnder their young Mistresse immediatly fall at variance among themselues and the English thereby were on euery hand in danger so that God as it appeared by the sequele had destined Britain◅ to bee annexed to the Crowne of France for the English after fiue moneths stay were in wisdome compelled to returne the rather for that Winter now was come vpon them and Britaine destitute of competent defence her Rulers disagreeing among themselues was finally by the marriage of King Charles with the Lady Anne made a parcell of the French Monarchy as heereafter will appeare 26 King Henry the while was againe in danger to haue had present vse of Souldiers at home Wee shewed what care was heeretofore taken by him to weede the North and free it from lurking enemies That notwithstanding when the Earle of Northumberland Lieutenant of
Alain Chartier * Vpon Easter Eue. Enguerrant de Monstrelet Enguerrant de Monstr His death Tho. Wals. * Augusti 30. Fabian * Some reckon but 11. dayes Stow addeth fiue monethes more Boet. l. 16. c. 19. Polydor. Ioh. Stow. Aâ—…ls His works of deuotion * Ioh. Rossus * Th. Gascoign in Dict. Theolog. Tho. Wals. Stow. Annal. The manner of his bringing into England * France England Ireland Legend des Flamens Monarch 53 Henry VI. * Dan. cap. 2. v. 21 Henry the sixth began his raigne the last day of August being the day of his Fathers death Anno 1422. * Tit. 〈◊〉 * Ioh. Til. Chr. * Stowes Annal. * Polyd. Verg. hist. lib. 23. * Paul Aemyl in Car. l. A Parliament at Westminster * The leuie therof was 5. Nobles on euery sacke of wool * Polyd. Verg. bist lib. 23. The Regents Oration to the French * Paul Aemyl in Car. 7. * Crauant saith Polyd. who placeth this action in the following yeere The bounds of the English Regency in France * Stows Annal. * Polyd. Verg. l. 23 * Stows Annals * Polyd. Verg. l. 23 The whole field-forces of the English in France vnder the Duke of Bedford * Rob. Fab. * Polyd. Vâ—…rg lib. 23. * Gagwin * Paul Aemil. * Hect. 〈◊〉 l. 16. The Regentâ—… victory at Verâ—…il in Perch * Stowes Annâ—…l * Hect. Boâ—…t li. 16. This battell was fought 7. of Aug. Anno Domini 1425. saith Stow. * Poly. Verg. li. 23. * Iâ—… Carol. 7. The murtherers of Iohn Duke of Burgoin excepted in capitulations * Rob. Fab. Chroâ—… Iames the first King of Scots set at liberty out of England * Hect. â—…oct l. 17. Grafton * Rob. Fab. 1. Câ—… The title of Mortimer to the Crowne sought to be crusht * Hal. Chron. Camb. 〈◊〉 The Duke of Glocester rashly marieth another mans wife * Gâ—…r Histâ—… by Edw. Griâ—…st The Duke of Burgoin challenged by the Duke of Glocester to fight * Stowes Annal. An. D. 1425. A. Reg. 4. * Stowes Annal. Court-factions in England * See Foxe his Martyrologe in H. 6. * Polyd. Verg. Lib. 23. The new Constable of France miscarrieth in his first enterprize * Hoâ—… The Duke of Bedford returneâ—… into England to appeâ—…se the Court factions The Protector and the Bishop made â—…ends * Holâ—…sh The King receiueâ—… Knighthood and dubbeth Riâ—…ard Duke of Yorke A. D. 1427. A. reg 5. The Regent and the Lord Talbot with fresh forces passe into France Talbotâ—… 〈◊〉 * â—…agwin * Pâ—…l Aâ—…ll The siege of Orleance * Polyd. Uerg. * Paul Aemyl * Polyd. Virg. l. 23 The Earle of Salisbury â—…aine with a great shot before Orleance * 〈◊〉 * Polyd. Uerg. * Paul Aemyl * Fabiâ—… The siege continued notwithstanding the Earles death Orlâ—…ce offers to become Burgundian but the English would not admit thereof * Serres â—…amlet by Edward Grimsâ—… Ioan the martial maid miraculously sent to deliuer Orleance and Frâ—… * Pâ—…l Aemyl * Serres Inuentar * Poly. Uerg. * Serres Inuentar * Polyd. Verg. * Gerard. Seg de Haillin some other French Authors Serres out of the Originall Copie translated by Edw. Grimstâ—… The Viragâ—… her letter to the English General before Orleance * Serres The description of Ioan la Pucelle de Dieu or the maid of God The siege of Orleance raised * Sâ—…wes Aâ—…ls The reflux or ebbe of the English greatnesse in France Polyd. Verg. * Stows Annal. The L. Talbot taken in battel * Polyd. Verg. Charles crowned King of France at Rheimes * Pâ—…l Aemyl Ioh Til. Chr. Ioan taken prisoner Chron. de Bretaig apud Holinsh. p. 604. * Serres saith by the bastard of Vandome Holinshed She is burnt for a witch at Roan * Tit. Lâ—… Pataâ—… Dâ—…cad 1. * See Holinsh. in Hen. 6. The French got this sentence to be reuersed by the Pope 26. yeeres after * Stow. K. Henry in to come in person into France Richard Duke of Yorke made Constable of England A. D. 1431. A. Reg. 10. Henry crowned King of France in Paris * Pâ—…l Aemyl * Ioh. Tyl Chr. * Polyd. Verg. * Gaâ—…orum to distinguish it seemeth from the former meere titular of Galliâ—… Rex so also the French Kingâ—… vsually stile themselues * In Custodia Io. Guillâ—…m Hâ—…raldi peâ—…iss Dat. H. 6. 7. * Inter Chartâ—… Collegâ—… Etâ—… The King returnes into England The Protector breakes an insurrection at Abington in the Shell * Stowes Annal. A mutinie beginning in Callais appeased The Duke of Bedford marrieth the Earle of Saint Pauls daughter * Holinsh. * Serreâ—… * Ioh. Til. Chron. * Paul Aemil. Renate Duke of â—…rrain and Barre taken prisoner * Polyd. Verg. l. 23. * Paul Aemil. The miserable face of France by occasion of thâ—…se warres * Poly. Verg. * Serres Inuent The Commons of Normandy rise against the English * Holinsh. * Polyd. Uerg. The Earle of Arundel slaine * Paul Aemyl * Iâ—…ent of Fr. * Eâ—…nius 4. 〈◊〉 â—…ners of â—…he English French and Burgundians Holinsh. * Polyd. Verg. lib. â—…3 Serres in Char. 7. Serres * Serres The French and Burgundian agree 24 Sept. 1435 * Polyd. Verg. * In Câ—…l 7. The incredible rate at which K. Charles purchased the Burgundians good * Paul Aemyl * Polyd. Uerg. * Paul Aemyl A. D. 1435. A. reg 14. The Burgundian renounceth to the Regent his friendship with England * Inuent of Fr. The Duke of Bedford Regent of France dieth at Paris * Cambden in Bedfordshire saith he was slaine in battell before Veâ—…noyle * Master Cambden loc citâ—…t * Stowes Annals but Master Cambden saith it was Charles 8. Cambd. ibid. King Lewis his Princely testimony of the late Regents vertues Richard Duke of Yorke made Regent of France * Holinsh. Stow Annal. The Parisians conspire to dispossesse the English * Paul Aemyl * Serres Inuent by Edw. Griâ—…st The City of Paris yeelded vp to the French * Rob. Fabians Chronicle Gagwin * 27. Feb. A. D. 1436. The new Regent comes with an Army into France * Stows Annal. Calais besieged by the Burgundian The Protector of England rescues Calais with a great Fleet and hoâ—…t * Polyd. Verg. l 13 He returns with honâ—…ur into England * Serres Rob. Fab. * Serres * Polyd. Verg. l. 23. An. D. 1437 Katherine Queen 〈◊〉 of England * Pâ—…l Aemyl * Polyd. Verg. King â—…nry the 7. her Grandchild * Stowes Annals The Dutchesse Dowager marrieth Woodâ—…le Elizabeth wife to Edward 4. 〈◊〉 daughter of that bed The murder of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the first of Scotland * Hect. Bâ—…et l. 17. The new Regent doth nothing * Iauent of Fr. * Stow. p. 616. Harflew recouered by the Dukâ—… of Sommerset The Earle of Warwâ—…cke comes Regent into France and Yorke returneâ—… A. D. 1438. The Duke of Yorke Regent againe King Charles and his sonne recon ciled against the English The siege of Pâ—…ntoyse * Serres King Charles pursued by the Duke of Yorke Pontoys
battell at S. Aâ—…bans where the Queene is victorious and recouers the King * Tirel saith Rob. Fab. The King and Queene returne into the North. Orig. 35. Hen. 6. Monarch 54 Edward IIII Edward Duke of Yorke and Rich. Earle of Warwick come vnto London The City of London doubtfâ—… vnto whether part to yeeld Priâ—… Edward 〈◊〉 his right to the Crowne King Henry depriued of his Crowne Edward Duke of Yorke proclaimed King of England March 3. * He was borne A D. 1â—…41 April 29. The feares of the Londoners Walker a Citizen beheaded for wordâ—… Dangerous to meddle with a Crowne Grost * 18000. pounds King Edwards beginnings somewhat disliked K. Edwards expedition into the North. The Lord Fitzâ—…er and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Earle Warwicks approach and speech to King Edward The L. Clifford sâ—…ine with an headlesse arrow A. D. 14â—… Difference of Authors hath here bred some confusion of yeeres * March 29. K. Edwards proclamation much forwarded his seruice The battell aâ—… Touton A politicke practise in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 K Henry 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Queene Margaret passeth into France A. D. 1461. King Edward crowned King Henry and Prince Edward disherited by Parliament A. D. 1462. Queene Margaret returned into Scotland Bastard Ogle ouercommeth the French An. D. 1463. Queene Margaret entreth Northumberland in hostile manner King Edward commeth to Tâ—…rks The skirmish vpon â—…egely More The saying of Sir Ralph Percie at his death 〈◊〉 victory at 〈◊〉 May. 15. Lordâ—… 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 The disgrading of Sir Ralph 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 King Henry 〈◊〉 to flight Rich. Grafton King Edwards care and prouisions King Henrie disguised commeth into England and is apprehended King Henry hardly vsed arrested and committed prisoner to the Tower King Edwards care of Iustice. The pride and abuse in shooâ—… Sheep transpore ted into Spâ—…e verie hurtfull vnto England King Edwards care for choice of his Queene His second proiect for a 〈◊〉 Rich. Grafton Cambden Rich. Grafton His third aâ—…y for a wife The allegations 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lady Bona fitte st Queene for Edward Neuil the great Earl of Warwick Rob. Fab. Warwicks wooing and entertainements in France K. Edwards last sodaine choise of his wife Ioh. Hardings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lady Elizabeth Gray a supplicator to king Edward The beauty and feature of the Lady Elizabeth Gray K. Edwards mother seeketh to 〈◊〉 his loue The counsell and conference of the old Dutchesse of Yorke with her 〈◊〉 K. Edward 〈◊〉 vnto 〈◊〉 it was exâ—… 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 to marry K. Edwards reason for his 〈◊〉 free choise His â—…thers deuise 〈◊〉 crâ—… his purâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lady 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of King Edward K. Edward married Lady Elizabeth Grey The descent and parentage of the Lady Elizabeth Grey Queene Elizabeth crowned The Queenes kindred highly preferred Earle Warwicke sore offended against K. Edward Temporizing betwixt the king and Earle of Warwicke Francis Goodwin Catal. of English Bishope Iohn Neuil created Marquesse Montacute Rich. Grafton A. D 1468. A marriage moued betwixt Earle Charles and Lady Margaret Philip. Com. l. 3. cap. 4. The mariage celebrated Earle Warwicke plotieth K. Edwards deposition Warwicke draweth Clarence into action against the King his brother Warwicke and Clarence make affinity A. D. 1469. The occasions found for a commotion Hulderne Captaine of the Commotion Two Captaines made by the rebels Sir Iohn Coniers chosen generall of the rebels The Lord Herbert Earle of Pembrooke made Lord generall Discontents betwixt Pembrooke and Warwicke The Lord Stafford repulsed K. Edward prepareth against the Earle of Warwicke Pembrooke and Stafford fall out for their Inne The valor of Pembrooke and of Sir Richard Herbert A. D. 〈◊〉 The Earle of 〈◊〉 with others beheaded Robert of Riddisdale captaine of the 〈◊〉 The Earle Riuers with his sonne Iohn surprised and beheaded Lord Stafford beheaded Io. Stâ—… Annal. King Edawrd taken at Wolney Is imprisoned in Middleham Castle King Edward escaped out of prison Warwicke sayings to make and vnmake kings Warres prepared vpon but 〈◊〉 partâ—… The miseries of ciuill warres The King and the Lords meet at London A. D. 1470 A commotion in Lincolnshire The Lord Wels and Sir Thomas Dimocke beheaded The battell at Stanford Sir Robert Wels taken Loscoat field Sir Robert Wels put to death Warwicke and Clarence flee into France Phil. Comines lib. 3. cap 4. The Dutches of Clarence deliuered of a son vpon shipboard The Duke of Burgundy bends himselfe against Earle Warwicke The double dealings of Vawcler Earle Warwicke saileth into Normandie King Lewis relieueth Warwicke Burgundy offended with Lewâ—… for relieuing his enemie Reiner of great stile and small power A marriage concluded betwixt Prince Edward and Anne daughter of Earle Warwicke King Edward driuen into his dumps Marques Montacute is taken into King Edwards fauor A maid Ambassador vnto the Duke of Clarence The conference of the damsell with the Duke of Clarence The Duke of Clarence inclineth to his brother Warwicke and Clarence returne into England Septemb. 13. A. reg 10. King Edwards security Earle Warwicke in the West proclaimeth king Henry K. Edwards opinion touching Warwickes approach Sunday after Michaelmas Stowel Annal. Doctor Godards sermon Marquesse Montacute reuolteth from K. Edward How vncertaine it is to stat on the 〈◊〉 K Edward is forced to flee England October 3. Edward in danger of taking on seas Queene Elizabeth tooke Sanctuarie in VVestminster Prince Edward boâ—…e in the Sanctuary The Kentish Commotioners doe much hurt about London Iohn Fortescue The States take K. Henry out of the Tower K. Henry againe restored goeth crowned to Pâ—… K. Edward debarred from gouernment by Parliament The Parliament Rowle Iohn Tiptoft Earle of Worcester beheaded The Crownes of England and France entailed to K. Henry George Duke of Clarence entailed to the Crowne Earles restored Earle Warwicke made gouernour of the Realme Queene Margaret hindred by tempest to come into England The Duke of Burgundy perplexed Phil. Com. lib. 3. Earl of Warwicks esteeme in Callis King Edward coueteth aide of his brother the Duke of Burgundy The Duke of Sommerset disswadeth Burgundy to aid K. Edward Burgundie temporizeth with his suites K. Edward passeth into England pretending no more then to be Duke of York A. D 1471. March 14. K. Edward straines his oath to winne the City of Yorke Earle Warwicke writes to his brother Marquesse to impeach King Edwards passage K Edwards Army encreased Iohn Stow. Warwicke taketh into the City Couentrie March 29. K. Edward challengeth Earle Warwick to fight K. Edward draweth towards London K Edward and his brother Clarence meet and are reconciled Clarence seeketh to draw Warwicke vnto K. Edward The words of Warwicke in answer to Clarence K. Edward marcheth forward London receiueth King Edward K. Henrie againe taken and sent to the Tower of London Ed. Hall Earle Warwicke commeth to S. Albans K. Edward carrieth K Henrie with him to battell Apr. 14. Barnet field fought vpon Easter day The orderings