took the Croisado and were Installed at the Church or Hospital of St. Mary Jerusalem and called Marianites Their Order differed nothing from the Templers of St. John but in form and colour of their Cross After the taking of Jerusalem by Saladine these Knights went to Ptolomais from whence Frederick the Second sent for them into Germany to fight against the Prussians and Livonians who at that time were Pagans which War began in the year 1220. In a little while after these Knights had made themselves Masters of a Country of very large extent and obeyed the Order till 1525 at which time Sigismund King of Poland gave the Investiture of Prussia unto Albert Marquis of Brandenburg In the year 1563 the Great Master became Secular again and took part of the Lands subject to the Order with the Name of Duke of Courland 4. The Bishoprick of Eichstadt or Aichstadt Ala Narisca Ant. Aureatum teste Gasp Brocio near the Danube The chief of the Laicks are the Marquesses of Cullembach and Onsbach the Counts of Holac Wertheim and Erpach or Erbach who find their Original from a Daughter of Charlemagne who married to a Gentleman after she had carried him upon her back through the Court of the Palace The Imperial Towns are 1. Nuremberg Norimberg Nurnberg Germ. Nerobergae Noricorum Mons Norica Caesari A place of great Trade and well frequented by Merchants The fairest most priviledged richest and best Governed in Germany Here the new chosen Emperor ought to hold his first Diet and here are the Ornaments used at the Coronation of the Emperors viz. the Royal Crown The Dalmatick Gown The Imperial Cloak c. Here was Maximilians Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile and back again And here the Burgers have power to imprison their Children and cast them alive into the River Here Charles the Great designed to make a Communication of passage between the Danube and the Rhine by joyning the Rednitz and the Atmul Rivers whereby there might have been a Commerce by Water from the Low-Countries to Vienna and even unto the Euxine But some inconveniencies in the attempt and his Warlike diversions made him give over that Noble design 2. Frankfort Francfort or Franckfurt Francofurtum Francphordia Helenopotis olim Trajectus Francorum The passage or Ford of the Franks A Free City and reckoned in the Circle of Franconia by most Geographers though I rather take it to be in the Circle of the Higher Rhine It is renowned for its Book-Fairs or Marts in March and in September For its Fortress and for the Election of the Emperor It is a large and strong place divided into two parts Frankfurt and Saxenhausen by the River Maein united by a Stone-Bridg Other Imperial Towns in Franconia are 1. Schweinfurt Suevorum Trajectus Swinphordia Suvinfurtum seated in a fruitful Soil 2. Rotenburg al. Tuberum seated upon the River Tauber which some say is like Jerusalem for its Situation upon Hills and for its many Turrets 3. Weinsheim Vinisima Vinshemia Winshaim 4. Altdorff a University 1623. Of HASSIA ADjoining to Franconia on the North-west is the Landgravedom of Hessen or Hassia of a healthy Air and a fruitful Soil in Corn and Pasturages The greatest part of the Country is now divided into two Families the one of Cassel the other of Darmstat of the youngest House chief places belonging to the Landgraves are Cassel Cassella Cassilia Castella Cattorum Stereontium Ptol. teste Pyramio upon the River Fuld the chief Seat of the Landgraves 2. Marpurg or Martpurg Marpurgum Martis-burgam Mattiacum Ptol. teste Ortel Amasia Baud. upon the River Lohn an University founded in the year 1426 by Lewis Bishop of Munster Here the Landgraves have a stately and magnificent Castle mounted upon a high Hill without the Town enjoying a pleasant prospect and one of their chief places of Residence 3. Darmstad with its Castle is the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Landgraves Part of this Country of Hessen belongs to the Abbey of Fulda one of the richest and most celebrious in Europe Anno 1640. it was taken by Bannier and here he heard a Voice in the Air Be gone Bannier be gone for now the time is yet he lived to get that Victory at Homberg in Hassia between Fridberg and Francford But at the Battel near the River Sale valorously defending a Bank he was forced to yield and goeth to Halberstade where voiding much Blood and Matter through an Imposthume or breaking of a Vein he put an end to his life and to all his toyl and labours This Abbey was founded by St. Boniface an English man This Abbot is a Prince of the Empire and Arch-Chancellor of the Empress calls himself Primate of Gallia his County is called Buchen Buchovia from the plenty of Beeches To which we may add the Abbey of Hirchfeld betwixt Hessen and the Rhine and intermingled lies the Confederation of Wetteraw or a Combination of many Estates viz. 1. Earls or Counts of Nassaw from whence the Illustrious Grave Maurice and other Princes of Orange are descended 2. Solms well allied 3. Hanaw the Counts whereof have large Estates and a Justice from which their Subjects cannot appeal 4. To this Country belongs the Counts of Waldeck subject to the Lantgraves The Barons of Limborg have a Title of Semperfre The Counts of Swartsbourg are great in Riches with many others Of WESTPHALIA COntiguous on the North of Hessen lies the Circle of Westphalia a Country full of Woods which nourish many Swine which make excellent Bacon and abounding as plentifully in other places with Corn. This Country is divided amongst the Ecclesiasticks Counts and Imperial Cities The Bishops are 1. Munster a City seated on the River Ems Monasterium ol Minigrado Miningrade built by Charles the Great In the year 1533 called New Jerusalem by the Anabaptist and their King John of Leyden King of Sion who being at last besieged and taken was put on the top of a Steeple in an Iron Cage where he was eaten up by Flies and Wasps together with two of his Companions 2. Of Padeborn or Paderborn incolis of a miraculous Foundation 3. Minden Minda once a Bishoprick but now setled upon the Marquess of Brandenburg with the Title of Prince by Munster-Treaty as also is Ferden 4. Of Osnabruck or Osenbrug Osnabrugum seu Osnabrucum so made 776. a Carolo Magno The alternate possession whereof is given to the Duke of Brunswick for his Cession of his Bishoprick of Halberstat The chief Counts of Westphalia are first of East-friezland who in the year 1653 was raised to the Dignity of Prince whose Seat is at Aurick or Auricum 2. The Counts or Prince of Oldenburg Delmenhorst are totally extinguished by the death of Anthony Gunther in the year 1656. However famous in that the Kings of Denmark are descended from it ever since Christian Earl of Oldenburg was chosen King of Denmark Ann. 1448. 3. Of
cruel Wars the whole Country adjacent though pleasant and fruitful became a Wilderness and now lyeth waste being a vaste Desart 500 miles over and a thousand miles long from Precop unto the County of Muscovy Caffa known to the Ancients by the name of Theodosia is a great Town and place of good Trade wherein are reckoned 4000 Houses 3000 Inhabited by Mahometans Turks and Tartars about 1000 families of Armenians and Greeks who have their several Bishops and Churches that of St. Peters is the biggest but fallen to decay every Christian above 15 years of Age pays a Piaster and half Tribute to the Grand Signior who is Lord of the City which is guarded with two Castles the Castle upon the South-side commands all the parts there are Boats and is the Residence of the Bassa Provisions of all sorts are very good and cheap Their chief Trade is Salt-fish Caveer Corn Butter and Salt. Formerly possessed by the Genoese but taken by Mahomet the Great 1574 hath since been subject to the Turks In 1627 it was besieged and taken by the Cossacks 750 miles reckoned from Constantinople Precop in Latin Precopia Seated near the place where stood the Eupeterea of the Ancients Bakessy Serai or Basha Serrail is the Residence or Court of the present Kans of Tartary Mancup is a Strong Town where the Kan is said to keep his Treasury German or Crim was the ancient Seat of the Kans supposed to be the Taphrae or Pliny or Taphras of Ptolomy Kers stands upon the Bosphorus Cimerius or the streight of Capha not far from the Panticapaeun of the Ancients Oczakou is situated near the influx of the great River Borysthenes built in or near the place of Olbia Tanas or Tanais of Ptolomy situate 20 miles from the mouth of that River is the last City in Europe now subject to the Turks who have there a Garison and by them called Azac or Azow 450 Miles from Caffa and 1300 from Constantinople In 1637 it was besieged and taken by the Muscovites and Cossacks In the year 1641 it was not recovered though with much blood and slaughter of the Army of Sultan Ibrahim for it cost 3000 Spahees 7000 Janizaries and 800 other Soldiers besides Moldavians Walachians and Tartars and yet the Turks were forced to raise the Siege and return home However the next year it was abandoned by the Cossacks and left a sad spectacle of despair and ruin The ancient Inhabitants of the European Tartary or Sarmatia Europaea were of the Scythian Race but in Chersonese it self dwelt the ancient Tauri against whom Darius King of Persia made his fruitless war with an Army of 700000. In the actions of the Greeks and Romans we hear nothing of them unless that the Emperor Trajan took the City Taphre Afterwards growing great by Conquering the Asiatique Tartars Mahomet the Great made himself Master of Caffa and Azow thereby Commanding both Moentis and the Euxine Seas And in the time of Selimus the first who had Married a Daughter of this Crim Tartar the Turks and Tartars grew into a League And though the Kan or Prince be Elective yet he is Chosen out of the true Line and confirmed by the Grand Signior who have always taken upon them a Power to Depose the Father and Constitute the Son or next of that Lineage when found remiss in affording their Auxiliary helps to the War or guilty of any disrespect or want of Duty to the Ottoman Port. The Tartars are Esteemed as Brothers or near Allies with the Turks to whom for want of Heirs Male in the Ottoman Line the Turkish Empire is by an Ancient Compact to descend the Expectation of which doth keep the Tartars in much Observance in hopes one day to be Lords of the World. In the Year 1663 the Tartars called to the Assistance of the Turks made such Incursions into Hungary Moravia and Silesia Sacking and Burning Cities and Towns that they carried away 160000 Captives which they Sell to the Turks who go thither to Trade for this Merchandize which is the most profitable Commodity that Tartary affords Young Boys and Girls are rated at the highest price the latter if beautiful are like Jewels held at an unknown Value though few of them escape the Lust of the Tartars They live very hardly and feed especially on Horse-flesh which dying in their March they never examine his Disease but putting the Flesh under their Saddles baking it between the heat of the Horse and the Man it is judged sufficiently prepared a Dish fit for their Prince And as the Men are Nourished with a Diet of raw Flesh Herbs and Roots such as the Earth Naturally produces without the Concoction of Fire to prepare it for their Stomacks so also their Horses are of a hardy Temperament patient of Hunger and Cold living usually upon Roots and Leaves of Trees Their Towns or Villages consist of Huts rather than Houses or Hurdles made of sticks and covered with a coarse Hair-cloth of which Villages there are accounted 200000 so that taking one Man out of every Village they quickly form an Army of so many Fighting men These Portative Houses which they call Cantares they put them upon Wheels and dwell in them more in the Summer than in the Winter They never mind Sciences but understand what they know by common sense and therefore 't is said of them That they have eaten their Books and carry them in their Stomacks They are said to be so much of the Nature of Dogs and Cats that they are born blind and do not see clear till after five days Their Eyes are not very large but very black far asunder but quick and piercing They are rather little than big but very large Limb'd Their Breasts high and broad their Necks short their Heads big their Noses flat their Teeth white their Faces round their Complexion tanned and their Hair black and coarse whilst they are young their Mothers bathe them in Salt-water to harden their Skin Some of them now grown Wealthy by the Market of their Slaves throw off their homely plads to wear Sables and some more frugal build Houses Sir John Chardin tells us at Donslow or Salinae 50 miles from Caffa there 200 Vessels are yearly laden with Salt and that about a mile from that place was a Tartarian Habitation but not above ten or twelve Houses with a little Mosque only round about them were a great number of Tents round and square very well closed as also several Waggons well closed and covered which serve instead of Houses He also tells us that some of their Tents were hung with Tapestry as also the Floors covered with the same and the outside covered with Furs and every Family hath one of these Tents and two others one for their Slaves and Provisions another for their Cattle That they store up their Corn and Forage in deep Pits or Magazines under the Ground as do most of the Eastern people The Riotous and Dissolute addict themselves
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâsium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâurbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
pleasant Here Money is Coined and here are several Towns but as for the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants they are the same as in Mingrelia The King hath Four good Castles viz. Scander seated upon the side of a Valley Regia and Scorgia both almost inaccessible in the Mountains and naturally fortified 4 Cotatis bearing the Name of the Town and Country round it perhaps the Catatene of Ptol. 90 miles from the mouth of the River Phasis built at the foot of a Hill consisting of about 200 Houses it hath a Fortress built with several Towers and a double Wall. These Three Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks The Tribute of the King of Imiretta is 80 Boys and Girls from Ten to Twenty years of Age. The Prince of Guriel pays 46 Children of both Sexes And the Prince of Mingrelia 60000 Ells of Linen Cloth made in that Country The Princes of Mingrelia give themselves the Title of Dadian that is the head of Justice Of GURGISTAN Georgia by our modern Geographers and the Persians is called Gurgistan by the Georgians Carthuel By some Authors 't is divided into four particular Provinces viz. Imirette and Guriel of which we have spoken of before 3 Caket 4 Carthuel These two last are under the Persian Dominion and this is that which the Persians call Gurgistan and the Georgians Carthueli It is a Country full of Wood and very Mountainous yet encloses a great number of pleasant Plaines and the River Kur the Cyrus of the Ancients runs through the midst of it The Temper of the Air is very kindly their Fair weather begins about May and lasts till the end of November The Soil if well watered produces all sort of Grain Herbs and Fruit in abundance therefore as fertile a Country as can be imagined where a Man may live both deliciously and cheap Their Bread as good as any in the World and their Fruit of all sorts is very delicious Nor is there any part of Europe that produceth fairer Pears and Apples or better tasted nor any part of Asia that brings forth more delicious Pomegranates Their Cattel very good and plentiful their Fowl of all sorts is incomparable There is no better Meat in the world than their young Porkers of which there are abundance The Caspian Sea and Kur River furnish it with all sorts of Salt and Fresh Fish and there is also no Country where they drink more or better Wine No Men are more addicted to their sensual Pleasures and beastial Voluptuousness that is to Drunkenness and Luxury neither are the Women less vitious and wicked having an extraordinary Inclination to the male Sex and contribute more to that torrent of Uncleanness which overflows all the Country Nature saith Sr. John Chardin hath bestowed upon the Women of that Country Graces and Features which are not other where to be seen so that 't is impossible to behold them without loving of their more charming Countenances nor more lovely Statures and Proportions can be pencilled forth by all the Art of man They are Tall clear Limb'd Plump and Full but not over-Fat and extreamly slender in the Waste but that which spoils all is their Nasty Shifts and Painted Faces The Men are naturally witty nor would there be more Learned men or more Ingenious masters in the world were they but improved by the knowledge of Arts and Sciences but their Education is so mean and brutish having nothing but bad Examples that those Parts are altogether drowned in Vice and Ignorance so that they are generally Cheats and Knaves Perfidious Treacherous Ingrateful and Proud. There are several Bishops in Georgia an Arch-bishop and a Patriarch whom they call Catholicos There are also many Churches but nothing remaines of Christianity unless the name of their Fasts for they neither know or practise the least precept of the Law of Jesus Christ The Church-Men also will be as drunk and keep Female Slaves for their Concubines as well as others The Nobility exercise a more Tyrannical power over their Subjects than in Mingrelia challenging a right over their Estates Liberty and Lives if they seize upon them whether Wife or Children they sell them or dispose of them as they please The Province of Carthuel containes no more than four Cities Gori Suram Aly and Teflis Gori or Kori Armatica or Harmastis of old teste Sans is a small City seated in a Plain between two Mountains upon the bank of the River Chur at the foot of a small Hill upon which there is a Fortress built which is garisoned by Native Persians Suram is a small Town but the Fortress is large and well built having 100 Men in garison Teflis Artaxata Plin. Artaxia Tac. Artaxiasata Strab. by the Georgians Cala by some Tebele-cala is called also Darel Melec by P. Jovius Choim the fairest Citie in Georgia seated at the bottom of a Mountain at the foot of which runs the River Cur. The City is encompassed with strong Walls defended with a large Fortress on the South-side it contains about 14 Churches six belonging to the Georgians and the rest to the Armenians The Cathedral which is called Sion is seated upon the bank of the River built of all fair hewen Stone There is not a Mosque in Teflis though the City belongs to a Mahometan Emperor and governed by a Mahometan Prince The Bazars or Market-places are very fair and large built of Stone The Inns or Caravansera's are no less beautiful The Princes Palace is one of the most beautiful Ornaments in Teflis it hath been twice under the power of the Turks once in the Reign of Ishmael the second King of Persia and in the Reign of his Successor Solyman took it almost at the same time as he did Tauris The Kingdom of Caket is at present in subjection to the King of Persia governed by his Viceroy The Cities are all Ruines unless that which is called Caket or Kaket In the Northern part of that Kingdom the Amazons are supposed to have inhabited Ptol. fixes their Country in the Asiatick Sarmatia to the West of Wolga Quintius Curtius saith also that the Kingdom of Thalestris was near to the River Phasis and Strabo speaking of the Expeditions of Pompey and Canidius is of the same opinion Quiria borders upon the Caspian Sea its chief Places are Derbent Caucasiae Portae Plin. or Pylae Iberiae Ortel Demir Temir-Capi Turcis Alexandria Portae Ferreae Caspiae Portae of old now belonging to the Persians it is a great Market for Slaves and is a strong wall'd Town said to be built by Alexander the Great And Tarky at this day under the Duke of Moscovy Some Authors tell us of Stranu or Zambanach which answers to ancient Albana of Zitach or Gorgora thought to be the ancient Getara or Gagara of Ptolomy and Chipeche to be the ancient Chabala It contains the Circassian and Dagestan Tartars The Circassian Country is very fertile producing good store of Fruit and Grain and also good pasture Ground The Men
though others pretend Bacchus to be the Founder of it and that from hence Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shynaâ which lies between the Rivers of Iaxartes now Chesel and Oxus a Country of different soil and indifferent fertile but much augmented by the Industry of the Inhabitants who are the most ingenious of the Western Tartars lovers of Art and well skill'd in Manufactures and Trade The City of Sarmarchand the Marcanda of Ptol. Paracanda Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamerlan the Great who adorned it with an Academy as is also Bochar Bactria of old Bactra before that Zoroastes and Zoroaspa probably from Zoroaster their first King slain by Ninus A Town of great Trade where lived Avicen one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of the East there are also Balch and Badaschian on the Frontiers of Chorozan Sogdiana was a province subject to the Persians Here Cyrus built the old Cyroscata or Cyropolis which held out a long time and was almost fatal to the great Macedonian Conqueror but by him destroyed in revenge of so great a danger Not far from which that Infamous Regicide Bessus after his perfidious dealing with his Prince was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander who abhorring his sight ordered he should be delivered to Oxates the brother of Darius to be disposed of as he should think fit Here also was Alexandria Oxiana and Alexandria Ultima Tarquestan lies east from Usbeck and is subdivided into several Kingdoms of which the best known are Cascar or Hiachan Chialis or Turphan Chiartiam Cotam Thebet or Tenduc and Camul That of Cascar is the richest and is well stored with Rhubarbe That of Ciarthtam is the least and sandy but hath many Jaspers and other Stones Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn Wine Flax and Hemp. Thebet or Tanguth is stored with Musk and Cinamon whose Kings were formerly called Un-Chan or Prester John a Title now erroneously conferred on the Abassine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa for Presbyter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut or Tanguth which the Tartars call Barantola the Sarazins Boratai and the Natives Lassa which is by the consent of all knowing persons seated in Asia next to the confines of the great Mogul amongst the Mountains of Caucasus and Imaus It was in the year 1248 when King Lewis was in the Island of Cyprus at Nicosia that Ambassadors from one of the Tartarian Princes whose Name was Ercalthay informed the King that the Great Cham of Tartary had about three years before been baptized having been converted by the Empress his Mother and Daughter of a King of the Indians She having always been a Christan and that their Master Prince Ercalthay who had also for a long time been a Christian was sent by the Great Cham with a potent Army against the Calife of Baldac an Enemy of the Christians The Name of Presbyter John denoteth some Christian Prince whose Dominions are placed by the consent of most knowing Persons not among the Ethiopians nor in any part of Africa as most suppose but in the Continent of Asia but in what part formerly 't was is not exactly known Some Authors say they were Kings of Cathay which is doubtful because 't is now discouered by modern Relations and Travels into those parts that all Cathy is but the Northern part of China But it is more than probable that besides that portion of Land there is another large part of the World conterminate on the north and west unto the Empire of China which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay and is the same with that of Thebet by some called Begargar c. as aforesaid which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor who tell us that at Weâala a Castle at the end of Barentola the Great Lama or Priest did then reside and gave an account of their Christian Religion And to me it seems further confirmed by a Journy made into the Western Tartary Anno 1683. By the Emperor of China we have this account of those People In all the Western Tartary there is nothing to be found but Mountains Rocks and Vallies there are neither Cities Towns or Villages nor Houses The Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields which they remove from one Valley to another according as they find pasture They pass their Life either in Hunting or doing nothing As they neither Plow nor Sow so they make no Harvest They live upon Milk Cheese and Flesh and have a sort of Wine not much unlike our Aqua-Vitae with which they are often drunk In short they care for nothing from morning to night but to drink and eat like the Beasts and Dâoves which they feed They are not without their Priests which they call Lamas for whom they have a singular veneration in which they differ from the Oriental Tartars the most part of whom have no Religion nor do they believe any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300 Miles of which Wall saith our Author I can say without Hyperbolizing that the Seven Wonders of the World put together are not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has spread concerning it among the Europeans is far short of what I myself have ãâã He also tells us that divers of the Petty Kings of the Western Tartary came from all sides for 300 Miles and some for 500 Miles together with their Wives and Children to salute the Emperor That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces and now tributary to the Emperor of China ãâ¦ã which all Authors conâound with a nonsuch Cathay ãâã divided into several parts of which I am able to say nothing in the way of Chorography nor much in History only I find that the King of Niulhan or Niuche called Xunchi conquered China at twelve years of Age with the Faithful assistance of his two Uncles a young Conqueror not only famous for his Success but also for the Moderation which he used to his newly subdued People And 't is certain that these Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the wall of China therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part of China and Cambalu is Pekin and Quinzey answers to Hancheu The Northen Tartarie which is called the true ancient Tartarie is the coldest most untilled most barbarous and most unknown of all Some amongst them have their Kings others live by Hords or Commonalities As for their Names 't is easie to give what names Men please in parts wholly unknown But in the year 1682 the Emperor of China made a Voyage into the Eastern Tartary In this Journy saith the Father Verbiest who was the publisher of it we always went towards the North East from Pekin in all 1100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum the way being about 300 miles the Capital City whereof is Xin-Yam in the Latitude of 41 Degrees 56 Minutes a
another Quadrangle of 400 paces at the end of which stand three stately Houses Beyond this a third and farther a fourth Court all paved with Free-stone and being 400 spaces square In this stands the Emperor's Throne and four stately Edifices curiously built and covered with costly Roofs adorned with gilded Galleries Beyond this Court are several Orchards and Gardens planted with all sorts of Trees and adorned with curious Buildings And thus flourished the Palace of Pekin rebuilt by the Tartars in Anno 1645. In or near the Place of Paoting the Emperor Hoangti anciently planted the Seat of his Kingdom and on the East-side of the City Hokien stands a great Temple in the middle of which is a stately and great Image Chinting is great and populous Jenkin and Junyping are strong places for the defence of the Empire The Garizon Tiencin lies on the Bay Xang it is a Port or Haven Town to Peking and of a great Trade and on the North-side lies the great Garison Xanghaie on the Island Cue Westward beyond the Province of Pecking lies Xansi on the North whereof lies the great Wall and behind that the Tartar Kingdom of Tangu and the Desert Xamo This Province is divided into five Counties having eighty six Cities and though not very big yet is pleasant The City Taiyven is the Metropolis which for its Antiquity of Building stately and brave Edifices is accounted amongst the best Cities of China At the City Pingiany the Emperor Jau kept his Court within the Walls and without the Gates of Fuencheu stands two stately ancient and magnificent Buildings The Province of Xensi extends to the Kingdoms of Prester John Cascar and Thebet which the Chineses in a general name call Sifan it is a large Province and is divided into eight Counties having one hundred and eighty Cities Sigan is the Metropolis of the whole seated on the River Guei in a most pleasant and delightful place of a noble Prospect and good Trade In the year 1625 a stone was found in digging a Foundation for a house inscribed with the Old Chinese and Syriack Characters which contained the Christian Religion Cungchand Fungciang Hanchung Kingyang and Linyao are the chief Cities of the Countries of the same names Socheu is a strong hold and well fortified and Xancheu or Cancheu is very strong and the residence of a Vice Roy. Xantung may justly be esteemed an Island being washed by the Sea on one side and separated by several Rivers on the other and is divided into six Countries Chinan the Metropolis of the whole Province is very large and full of stately Houses having two Lakes within its walls out of which flow several little streams through the whole City it is also adorned with several stately Temples Among the great Cities of this Province Lincing exceeds in Inhabitants Buildings and Trade but above all for its Porcelane Tower ninety cubits high curiously adorned with Imagery and painting without and within laid with Marble of divers colours smoothly polished on the Top stands an Image cast of Copper and gilt thirty foot high The Province of Honan by the Chineses thought to lie in the middle of the World because it lies in the midst of China it is divided into nine Territories or Countries having one hundred and eight Cities The chief City Caifung lies about two Leagues from the Yellow River whose Water is said to be higher than the City The other chief Cities are Qunte Changte Honan Nunyang and Juning Suchuen is a great Province and separated by the River Kiang and is divided into eight Countries containing one hundred and fifty Cities besides Garisons Cingtu is the Metropolis and lieth in an Island yet includes several Moats over which are many Bridges Paining Xunking Sincheu Chungking Quicheu Luggan are the chief Cities of the other parts of this Province The Province Huqââng is divided also in the middle by the River Kiang The Chineses call it the land of Fish and Rice and the Store-house of China and have a Proverb that the rest of the Provinces affords them but one Meal but that of Huquang feeds them all the year long it is divided into fifteen Countries containing one hundred Cities great and small and eleven Garisons The Metropolis whereof is Vuchang on the south shore of the River Kiang Hanyang Siangyang Tegan Hâangcheu Kingcheu Jocheu Changxa Paoking Hancheu Chante Xincheu Iungcheu Chingyang and Chingtien are the other chief Cities and Chingcheu is the chief City of a little Territory of the same Name Kiangsi is divided into thirteen Countries contaning 67 Cities the chief whereof is Nanchang once the Metropolis of the Empire Iaocheu Quaâsin Kicukiang Kienchang Linkiang Kiegan Kancheu are other chief Cities In this Province near Iaocheu and no where else is that Water to be found which brings Porcelane to perfection especially when they intend it an Azure Vermillion or yellow Tincture The last Travellers into China tell us that Porcelane is made of a particular Sand or Earth which is fetched out of the County of the City Hoiecheu in the Province of Nanking nor is it necessary that the Earth should be buried a whole Age together as others idly affirm for the Chinesâs only knead this Sand or Earth together and make Vessels of it which they bake in Furnaces for fifteen days but the colouring of it is one of the chief Arts or Secrets which they conceal from Strangers The Province of Fâkien is divided into eight Counties and contains sixty Cities and Towns Focheu or Hocksieu is the Metropolis and chief of the Country it is seated about fifteen Leagues westward from the Sea on the Southern shore of the River Min which with a wide mouth falls into the Sea and brings both small and great Vessels up to the City walls it is populous and of great Trade where the Dutch also had somtime a Factory in the year 1662. The City Chiencheu lies near the Sea in a delightful Plain with a large Bay that the greatest Ships ride close under the walls Chaucheu of great Trade for all rich and foreign commodities Kienning upon the River Min is a place or great Trade for all commodities pass through it Hinhoa is neatly built adorned with many triumphant Arches and Colledges for the encouragement of Learning Xaouw and Tincheu are also considerable Foning is also fair and large lying near the Sea. The Castle Ganhui near Changeheu hath a convenient Haven for Ships And Tinyan is a Fort for the defence of the Sea-coast The Province of Chekiang exceeds all the rest in fertility of Soil delightfulness in Prospects and in plenty of Silk it is divided into eleven great Countries having eighty three Cities or Towns besides unwalled places Castles and populous Villages Hanchew is the chiefest City thought to be the ancient Quinzay Kiahing is moted about with Rivulets of Water full of stately and well built Structures all the Streets are arched under which they walk as in a Piazzo free from
is a very ten perate Country interdivided with several Rivers which having water'd the Plains fall into the great River of Plata The Inhabitants are docible lovers of peace rather than War So that the Spanish Captain that subdu'd them had no great need of any considerable force for that purpose They have many Cities where they live under the Jurisdiction of the Caciques and their Wealth consists rather in Cattel than Mines The Spaniards have a Governor there and the principal City is St. Jago de Estero in the mid-way between Buenos Ayres and Potosi Then St. Miguel de Tucumen N. S. de Talevera on the River Salado Corduba on the Road from Bueyos Ayres and Potosi and from Sancta Fee to St Jago in Chili The Quirandies to the Meridional part partake apparently of the Scithian humor For they live in Huts that move upon Wheels and have always made great resistance against the Spaniards The Trapalandes the Juries and Diaquites are the most famous BRAZILE A New Decription by Robt. Morden BRasile was called the Country of the Holy Cross when it was first discovered which was in the year 1501 in the name of the King of Portugal it extends it self all along upon the North Sea toward the North and East with great Rocks near the Shore under Water the distances between which make several good Ports The bounds thereof towards the West are not known The Southern bounds are variously placed according to the wills of Portugals and the Spaniards for both the one and the other interpret according to their own sense the Regulation that was made in the year 1493 and both claim the possession of the River of Plata and the Molucca Islands making to that effect Geographical Maps to their own advantage By this Regulation Alexander the Sixth whom Sixtus the Fifth extols for one of the three greatest Popes of the Church invested Ferdinand King of Arragon and Isabel Queen of Castile his Wife in all the Lands to the West of an Imaginary Line drawn from one Pole to the other one hundred Leagues beyond the Isles of Azores That was discovered to the East of this Line was to belong to the King of Portugal the difficulty was to put it in execution for on the one side the Castillians began to count these hundred Leagues from the most Occidental part of the Azores and the Portugueses reckon'd from the most Oriental with a design to exchange the Deserts of America for the Possession of the wealthy Molucca's which were afterwards engaged to their King by the Emperor Charles the Fifth for three hundred and fifty thousand Duckers At length because these two Nations could no more agree in this particular than in many others the Portugals accounted Brasile all that which extends from the River Maranhaon to the River of Plata Southward and the Spaniards placed the Southern bounds thereof at Cape St. Vincents Though Brasile lie under the Torrid Zone nevertheless the Air is temperate and the Water the best in the World so that the People live often to the Age of an hundred and fifty years Besides Brasile the Country produces Amber Balsom Tobacco Train-Oil Cattle Sweet-meats above all things Sugar in abundance The neighbourhood of Plata gives the Portugueses great opportunities of sucking the Spaniards Silver from Peru. There are in Brasile living Creatures Trees Fruits and Roots not to be found any where else The Serpents Adders and Toads have Poison in them and therefore the Natives feed upon them The Plains are destin'd for Sugar the Hills for Wood the Valleys for Tobacco for Fruits and Mandroche which is a certain Root of which they make Bread. The most part of the Villages do not contain above an hundred or sixscore Houses The Coast of Brasil is divided into several Capitanies which belong at this day all to the Portugals The French had formerly something to do there but the Hollanders lost all their footing in the year 1654 their Wars with England not permitting them to send any relief and the Portugals being far more numerous than they Nevertheless in the year 16 2 the Portuga s treated with them to allow them some damages to preserve their friendship when they were to defend themselves against the Spaniards Among all the Capitanies Tamaraca is the most antient though the smallest Fernanbuco is esteemed the Terrestrial Parâââse by reason of the beauty of its Soil Bahia de Todos los Santos contains the City of San Salvador the Residence of the Governor which was taken in 1624 by the Hollanders who got so much Plunder there that every Common Soldier had for his share above fifteen thousand Crowns But this good Fortune was the cause of their retreat and their retreat gave the Portugals opportunity to retake it The Capitanie of Rio Janeiro which the Savages call Ganabara is a great Rendevouz for Ships by means of a navigable River or rather an Arm of the Sea that runs up ten or twelve Leagues into the Land some seven or eight Leagues broad In the year 16â8 a Silver Mine was found in that Capitanie That of San Vincent contains Mines of Gold and Silver The City of Santos is able to harbor Vessels of four hundred Tuns in its Port in the year 1591 it was assaulted by Sir Thomas Cavendish The People of Brasil go naked for the most part and will cross great Rivers by the help of a Pannier and a Cord. The Chief are the Toupinambous Les Margajas Tapuyes and others who differ in Manners and Languages and are generally distinguished by the wearing of their hair They were more numerous before the coming of the Portugals but several Toupinambous to preserve their liberty crossed the great Deserts and went to live near the River Maranabon The Tapuyes are more difficult to be civilized than the Brasilians which inhabit the Aldees The Aldees are certain Villages which contain not above six or seven Houses but very large and able to contain five or six hundred Persons The most part of the Inhabitants of Brasil have so well defended themselves that notwithstanding the Wars they have had among themselves they have however hindred the Europeans from making any progress in the Conquest of their Lands And have also several times ruined the Plantations and Engines belonging the Sugar-works that are upon the Coast CASTILLA del Or GVIANA PERV The Country of the Amasones by Robt. Morden THE River Amazone is the greatest and swiftest River in America It begins at the foot of the Cordellier Mountains eight or ten Leagues from Quitoâ From its Springs to its approaches to the Sea is according to its course eleven or twelve hundred Leagues at its mouth it is fifty or sixty Leagues wide It is inhabited by abundance of People and receives an innumerable company of Rivers The Voyages of Texeira tells us that the Counties about the Amazone enjoy a temperate Air. That the Annual Inundations like to those of Nile the great quantity of Trees and
such miles are exactly equal to a Degree I shall here note that no Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring The Germans have their great little and ordinary miles the Leagues of France and Spain are of different lengths and so are the miles in our own Country The Earth as was said before is encompassed about with the Water which washing and surrounding the dry Land cuts out and shapes so many winding Bays Creeks and meandring Inlets and seems no where so much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan from whence again expatiating it spreads its self into two immense and almost boundless Oceans which give Terminaries to the four Regions of the Earth and extending it self round them all is but one continued Ocean The Water is either Ocean Seas Straits Creeks Lakes or Rivers The Ocean is a general Collection or Rendezvouz of all Waters The Sea is a part of the Ocean and is either exterior lying open to the shore as the British or Arabian Seas or interior lying within the Land to which you must pass through some Strait as the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter the Hellespont c. A Creek is a small narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into the Land otherwise called a Bay a Station or Road for Ships A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it as the Lakes Nicurgua in America and Zaire in Africa A River is a small Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land courting the Banks whilst they their Arms display to embrace her silver waves Of the Names of the Ocean According to the four Quarters it had four Names From the East it was called the Eastern or Oriental Ocean from the West the Western or Occidental Ocean from the North the Northern or Septentrional and from the South the Southern or Meridional Ocean But besides these more general Names it hath other particular Appellations according to the Countries it boundeth upon and the Nature of the Sea As it lies extended towards the East it is called the Chinean Sea from the adjacent Country of China Towards the South 't is called Oceanus Indicus or the Indian Sea because upon it lies the Indians Where it touches the Coast of Persia it is called Mare Persicum So also Mare Arabicum from Arabia So towards the West is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the Atlantick Ocean from Atlas a Mountain or Promontory in Africa but more Westward near to America it is called by the Spaniards Mar del Nort and on the other side of America it is called Mar del Zur or Mare Pacificum Where it toucheth upon Spain it is called Oceanus Hispanicus by the English the Bay of Biscay The Sea between England and France is called the Channel between England and Ireland the Irish Sea Between England and Holland it is called by some the German or rather the British Ocean Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Caledonium higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean or Frozen Sea more Eastward upon the Coast of Tartary the Tartarian Sea or Scythian Ocean c. The Names of the Inland Seas are 1. The Baltick Sea by the Dutch called the Oast Zee by the Inhabitants Die Belth lying between Denmark and Sweden the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound 2. Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea to which joyns Meâtis Palus now Mar de Zabacke The third is the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. The fourth is the Arabian Gulf Mare Erythaeum Mare Rubeum or the Red Sea. The fifth is the Persian Gulf or the Gulf de Elcatif The sixth is Mare Mediterraneum by the English the Straits by the Spaniards Mar de Levant the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter rather Gibal-Tarif Now that all Places Cities Towns Seas Rivers Lakes c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map all Geographers do or should place them according to their Longitude and Latitude the use of which in the absolute sense is to make out the position of any Place in respect of the whole Globe or to shew the Scituation and distance of one place from and in respect of any other Longitude is the distance of a place from the first Meridian reckoned in the degrees of the Equator beginning by some at the Canaries by others at the Azores by reason of which Confusion I have made the Longitudes in this English Geography to begin from London and are reckoned Eastward and Westward according as they are situated from London on the top of the Map. And have also added the Longitude from the Tenerif round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of the Map as usually in the Dutch Maps that so you may by inspection only see the Truth or Error if you compare them with the Tables or Maps formerly Extant The Latitude of a place is the distance of the Equator from that place reckoned in the degrees of the great Meridian and is either North or South according as it lies between the North and South-Poles of the Equator EVROPE is divided into these Kingdoms or Estates  Cities Modern Cities Old. Northwards The Isles of Great Britain or England Scotland Wales and Ireland c. London Londinium Edinburgh Alata Castra Welshpool Trillinum Dublin Eblana Scandinavia contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norway Sweden Copenhagen Haphnia Berghen Bergae Stockholm Holmia The several Kingdoms of Russia or Moscovia L'Arcangel Archangelopolis Moskow Moscha The Estates of the Kingdom of Poland Cracow and Cracovia Dantzick Gedanum In the Middle The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania Hungaria Caffa Theodosia Tarvis Targoviscum Jassy Jassium Weissemburg Alba Julia Buda Sicambia The Empire of Germany Vienna Ala Flaviana The Estates or Republicks of Switzerland 7Vnited Provinces 10 Spanish Provinc Zurick Tigurium Amsterdam Amsterodamum Antwerpen Andoverpum Kingdom or 12 Gover. of France Paris Lutetia Southwards Kingdoms Principal of Spain Madrid Madritum The Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon Olysippo Estates of the Duke of Savoy c. Chambery Cameriacum Kingdoms and Estates in Italy Rome Roma The Kingdom and Isle of Sicily Messina Messana The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Romania Zagrab Sisopa Vihitz Vihitza Zara Jadera Ragusa Epidaurus Bosna Serai Jayeza Belgrade Alba Graeca Sophia Sardica Constantinople Byzantium The Estates of Greece Athini Athaenae The Islands of Negropont Candia Sardinia c. Negropont Eubaea Candia Matium Cagliari Calaris Of Europe EVROPE by Robt. Morden EVROPE one of the four great Parts of the World is also the most considerable in Respect of the Beauty of her Kingdoms and Commonwealths the Politeness of her Inhabitants the Excellent Government of her Cities as also in Regard
happy composition wherein the King hath his full Prerogative the Nobility and Gentry Civil and due Respect and the People in general Masters of the Estates they can get by their Labours and Endeavours a Blessing that few Countries can boast of O happy and blessed England Thy Valleys are like Eden Thy Hills like Lebanon Thy Springs as Shiloe and thy Rivers as Jordan a Paradise of Pleasure and the Garden of God enriched with all the Blessings of Heaven and Earth Her chief Cities are London Londicium of Ptolomy Ant. Tac. Lunden Ger. Londra Iââ Londres Gal. the Epitome of England the Seat of our British Empire the Chamber of the King and the chiefest Emporium or seat of Traffick in the World To describe all things in this City worthy to be known would take up a whole Volume I shall only say seated she is in an Excellent Air in a Fertile Soil and on the famous Navigable River Thomas about 60 miles from the Sea in 51 degr 30 min. North Latitude In Length from East to West seven English miles and a half and from North to South two miles and a half But of late years so increased and still multiplying in Building in all her parts that there can no Bounds or Limits be set to her Circumference The Buildings fair and stately for large Piazza's for spacious strait Streets and stately Uniform Building she has not any Rival in Europe It had 130 Parish-Churches besides Chappels the Mother-Church is that of St. Paul the only Cathedral of that Name in Europe It was a Structure for length 690 foot in breadth 130 in height 102 foot and contained about three Acres and a half of Ground Built in the form of a perfect Cross in the midst whereof was raised a Tower of stone 260 foot high and on that a Spire of Timber covered with Lead 260 foot more This stately Monument of England and Glory of the City of London was Ruined by the late Dreadful Conflagration in 1666. Yet since our late Gracious Soveraign Charles the Second like another Solomon laid a New Foundation of such a Fabrick as for Magnificence Splendor Figure and Excellent Architecture the World never saw the like The Model whereof was Designed by that Incomparable Architect Sir Christopher Wren And here I cannot but give a short Account of the vast Damage and Spoil done by th forementioned Fire It hath been computed that there were ârnt wi hin the Walls of the City 12000 Houses and without 1000 Valued at three Millions and nine hundred thousand pounds Ster ing Besides 87 P risâ-Churches the aforementioned Cathedral the Royal Exchange the Magni icent Guild-Hal the Cuâm-House the many Halls of Compa iâ the Gates with other Publick âuildings valued at two Millions The War-Houses Stuffs Money and Goods lost and spoiled were estimated to two Millions of pounds The Money spent in Removing of âoâds and Wares in the Hiâ of Carts Bâats Porters c. modâly compuâd at the lâast two hundred thousand pounds The whole Damage amounting at the least to Nine Millions nine hundred thousand pounds And what is most Remarkable that notwithstanding these excessive Losses by Fire the Devouring Pestilence but the Year before and the Chargeable War against three Potent Nations at the same time depending yet within four or five Years the City was Rebuilt divers stately Halls and Churches erected all infinitely more Beautiful more Commodious and more Solid than before for which all praise and glory be given to God by us and Posterity The vast Traffick and Commerce of this City may be guessed at by its Customs which though moderate compared with the Impositions of other Countries did formerly amount to about 300000 l. per Annum and now are increased by Report to a much greater Value Time would fail me here to speak of its Antiquity Stately Palaces Streets Exchanges Number of Inhabitants Trade and Government of its well-fortified Tower the Grand Arsenal of the Kingdom Its incomparable Bridge Publick Colledges Schools Hospitals Work-Houses c. I shall therefore only add London is a huge Magazine of Men Money Ships and all sorts of Commodities the Mighty Rendezvous of Nobility Gentry Courtiers Divines Lawyers Physicians Ladies Merchants Seamen and all kind of Excellent Artificers of the most Refined Wits and the most Excellent Beauties in the World. Of the Universities Oxford Oxonium Lat. Calleva Ant. Oxenford Sax. Rhidichin or Rhydychen Brit. And Cambridge Camboricum Ant. Cantabrigia Beda Granchester Sax. IN the beautiful Body of the Kingdom of England the two Eyes are the two Vniversities those Renowned Nurseries of Learning and Religion which for number of Magnificent and Richly Endowed Colledges for liberal Stipends to all sorts of publick Professors for number of well furnished Libraries for Number and Quality of Students exact Discipline and Order are not to be Parallel'd in the whole World. So famous beyond the Seas and so much surpassing all other in Forreign parts that they deserve a far worthier Pen than mine to Blazon their Excellency I shall therefore only say that nothing was ever devised more singularly advantagious to Gods Church and Mans Happiness than these Vniversities from whence men of Excellent parts after seasonable time in Study are called forth to serve both in Church and State. York Eboracum Ant. Eburacum Ptol. Caerfrock vel Caer-Efroc Brit. is a City of great Antiquity esteemed the second of England Famous for its Cathedral for the Birth-place of Constantine the Great and the Burial-place of Severus the Emperor it is the Title of the Kings second Son and an Archbishoprick Canterbury Durovernum Darvenum Ant. Ptol. Durovernia Beda is remarkable for being the Seat of an Archbishop who is Primate of all England Bristol Bristolium Famous for its Trade and Commerce and for its Scituation in two Counties Norwich Norvicum for its Industry in Woollen Manufactures Salisbury Sarum for its rare Cathedral wherein there are as many Doors as Months as many Windows as Days and as many Pillars as Hours in the Year Windsor Windlesora pleasantly seated on the side of the Thames and is famous for its stately Castle and Royal Palace of his Majesty Jam. II. Gloucester is the Title of the Third Son of Great Britain seated upon the Severn near the Isle Aldney where was fought the Combat between Edmund Iron-side King of the English Saxons and Canutus the Dane I had purposed to have given a more particular description of all the rest of the principal Cities in England but must defer it for a Treatise of England wherein each County is drawn for a Pocket-Volume after a more new and compendious way than ever yet extant I shall therefore here say no more of England Of Wales WALES by Rob Morden WALES is a Principality adjoyning to and annext in Government with England Inhabited by the Posterity of the Ancient Britans who being driven out of the rest of the Land by the intruding Saxons whom they sent for over to Assist them against
their first and more wonted name of Irish The first Onset it received by way of Invasion was by the Saxon Monarchs who made themselves Masters of some places but could not long continue in possession of them The next that in Hostile manner Visited it were the Northern Nations Danes Swedes and Normans who scowring along the Sea-coasts by way of Piracy and afterwards finding the weakness of the Island made an Absolute Conquest of it under the Conduct of one Tungâsus but were soon routed out by the Policy of the King of Meath After this the petty Princes enjoyed their former Dominions till the Year 1172 at what time the King of Leinster having forced the Wife of the King of Meath was driven by him out of this Kingdom who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for uccour received Aid under the Leading of Richard de Clare Sirnamed Strongbow Earl of Pembroke by whose good Success and the Kings presence the pâtty Kings or great Lords submitted themselves promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledg him their Chief and Sovereign Lord. But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle Assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom though the Charter was confirmed by Pope Hadrian So that it was not till the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign that the same was wholly subjugated and the Foundation laid of a lasting Peace with Ireland which soon after was very far proceeded in by King James and fully perfected according to all Humane appearance by our Gracious Sovereign King Charles the Second So that now Ireland is a Flourishing Island Civil in its self and a good additional strength to the British Empire Ireland called by the Latins Hibernia by the Greeks Irnia by Pomponius and Sâlinus called Juverna by Ptolomy Juernia by Orpheus Aristotle Strabâ Stephanus and Claudianus Jerna by Eustathius Vernia by Diodorus Irim by the Welsh Yverdhon by the Inhabitants Eryn Irlandt Germanis Irlanda Italis Irlande Gallis Is in length 300 and in breadth 130 miles about half as big as England and was Anciently Divided into five Provinces each one a Kingdom in its self viz. 1. Leinster 2. Meath 3. Vlster 4. Connaught And 5. Munster But now the Province of Meath is reckoned for a Member or part of Leinster These four Provinces compose that Kingdom as beautiful and sweet a Country as any under Heaven being stored with many goodly Rivers Replenished with abundance of all sorts of Fish sprinkled with brave Islands and goodly Lakes adorned with goodly Woods full of very good Forts and Havens The Soil most Fertile and the Heavens most mild and temperate but not so clear and subtil as the Air in England and therefore not so favourable for the Ripening of Corn and Fruits as to the Grass for all kind of Cattel And in the Winter more subject to Wind Clouds and Rain than Snow or Frost It is an Island of great strength as well by Nature as Art by reason of its Situation in such dangerous Seas and the several Fortificaons and Castles that the English have built since they were Masters of it It s chief Rivers are the spacious Shannon the rolling Liffie the sandy Slany the pleasant Boyne the Fishy Banne swift Awiduffe or Blackwater sad Trowis wide Mayre now Bantry Bay the Woody Barrow the spreading Lee the Baleful Oure or Shoure Besides these Rivers there are several Lakes of which Lough Erne is the greatest being about 30 miles in length and 15 in breadth and this as all other of its Lakes are well stored with Fish The Irish have had the Character of being Religious by which perhaps some understand Superstitious Amorous Patient of Labour Excellent Horsemen and the meaner sort extreamly Barbarous till Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the English yet still the wild Irish retain several of their absurd and ridiculous Customs accounting ease and idleness their greatest liberty and riches The Ecclesiastical Government of Ireland is committed to the care of four Arch-Bishops under whom are 19 Suffragan-Bishops The Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer sent over by the King of England who is called the Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy of Ireland who for Majesty State and Power is not inferiour to any Vice-Roy in Europe The present Lord Deputy is the Earl of Tyrconnel Their Laws are correspondent with those of England and they have their several Courts of Justice as Chancery Common-Pleas Kings-Bench Exchequer Courts of Parliament and Justices of the Peace in every County The Commodities of this Island are Cattel Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Honey Wax Furs Salt Hemp Linnen Cloth Pipe-staves VVool of which they make Cloth and several Manufactures as Freezes Ruggs Mantles c. Its Seas yield great plenty of C d-fish Herrings Pilchers and other Fish The Bowels of the Earth afford Mines of Lead Tin and Iron The Province of Leinster by the Natives called Leighingh contains the Counties of Kilkenny Caterlough Queens-County Kings-County Kildare East-Meath VVest-Meath VVestford VVicklo and Dublin in which are comprehended 926 Parishes whereof 47 are Towns of Note 102 Castles well Fortified by the English Vlster being the largest Province of all Ireland called by the Irish Cui Guilly is divided into the Counties of 1. Lough 2. Cavan 3. Fermanagh 4. Down 5. Monaghan 6. Armagh 7. Colvane 8. Dunnaâl or Tyrcânnel 9. Tir-Oen And 10. Antrim In which are comprehended 214 Parishes whereof 14 are Towns of Note for Commerce and Traffique and 30 Castles for defence of the Country Connaught by the Irish Conaughly is divided into these five Shires or Counties 1. Iâtrim 2. Roscommon 3. Majo 4. Mego 5. Galloway 6. Thomond or Clare-Country in which are comprehended but eight Towns of any consequence for Commerce and Traffique and a-about 24 Cas les of old Erection besides Fortresses as have been raised in its later Troubles the whole contains 366 Parishes Munster is now distinguished into the Counties of 1. Limârick 2. Kery 3. Cork 4. VVaterford 5. Tipperary And in these Counties are comprehended 24 Towns of Note and Trading 66 Castles of old Erection including in the whole 80 Parishes It s chief places are 1. Dublin a City Rich and Populous as being the Metropolis of all the Island the Seat of the Lord-Deputy an Arch-Bishops See and an University Adorned with many fair Buildings viz. the Castle the Cathedral the Church the Arch-Bishops Palace the Collegiate Church called Christ-Church the Town-Hall the Colledg c. 2. VVaterford the chief City of Munster on the River Shoâr a well Traded Port a Bishops See and the second City of the Kingdom endowed with many ample Priviledges Being safe and commodiously seated for the Use of Shipping for though a good distance from the Sea yet Ships of the greatest Burthen may safely Sail to and ride at Anchor before the Key and also for the conveniency of sending Commodities in smaller Vessels to several Towns in
Feb. 1658 was concluded and the two Kings had a friendly Interview Yet soon after this the War broke out again for the King of Sweden upon pretence of nonperformance of Articles with much secresie got before Copenhagen in Aug. 1658 so that the Fate of Denmark depended upon the Invincible Courage and Conduct of King Frederick who defended Copenhagen with a Royal Magnanimity till the death of the King of Sweden when was concluded a second Peace upon the Basis of the former Treaty Not to mention the late Wars wherein these two Northern Crowns were again imbrued in blood where the Swedes were overcome frequently in Field-fights and in Sieges as well as at Sea. They lost Wismar in Mecklemburg and several places in Schonen And the Danes had made as well as Brandenburg brave acquisitions and revenges had not the French King forced them to a Restitution The Monarchy of Denmark as it is now united and incorporated contains two Kingdoms Denmark and Norway to which we may add Groenland and the Islands of Iseland Schetland and Ferro Denmark is situate between the Ocean and the Baltick Sea composed of a Peninsula contiguous to Germany a Coast adjoyning to Sweden and of divers Isles which are between the Peninsula and the Coast with some others further distant Containing five more general parts or names of 1 Jutland 2. The Islands of the Sound or Sundt 3. Haland 4. Schonen 5. Bleking Of Jutia THE Peninsula called Jutland was once the Cimbria Chersonesus of Ptol. from the Cimbrians its ancient Inhabitants who were followed by the Juites Saxons and Angles after these came the Danes by whom it is now possessed being divided into two parts North and South the South part is divided also into two Dukedoms viz. Ducatus Holsatia or Holstein and Slesaicensis Ducatus or Sleswick Of the Dukedom of Holstein THis is a Wooddy low and Marshy Country and contains the Provinces of Dâtmarsia Stormaria Holsatia and Wagria properly and strictly so called Stormaria hath for its chief places Hamburgh Marionis Ptol. teste Cluver a free Imperial City and a Hans-Town of great strength as well by Nature as Art adorned with fair and beautiful Structures viz. the Council-House Exchange and nine Churches a place of great Trade and well resorted to by Merchants and Factors of several Nations Anno 1374. this Town was adjudged to belong to the Earls of Holstein and that determination ratify'd by Charles the Fourth And 't is said that the Hamburghers took the Oath of Allegiance to Christiern Earl of Oldenburg the first King of Denmark of that House as Earl of Holstein but since they live as a free State and being jealous of their Liberty or their Guilt they are always in a posture of defence and can upon all occasion raise 1500 Citizens well armed besides their constant Garison and the promised assistance of the rest of the Hans-Towns 5. Krempe a Strong and well Fortified Town reckoned one of the Keys of the Kingdom Gluckstadt which commands the passage up the Elbe 6. Pinnenberg a Strong place and of great consequence 7. Bredenberg one of the best Towns in the Country remarkable for the stout resistance it made against Walestein 1628. Wagre hath for its chief places Lubeca Lubeck the Treva of Ptol. teste Merc. Sans Brietio an Imperial Free City and a Hans-Town and Bishops See built upon a rising Hill on the summit whereof is placed the Cathedral Church called St. Maries besides which it hath nine others The Streets are strait and fair 't is Fortified with a Ditch and double Wall in circuit about six miles and enjoys a good Trade Heylin tells us there is not a City of Germany which can equalize it either for the Beauty and uniformity of the Houses the pleasant Gardens fair Streets and delightful Walks without the Walls seated upon the River Trave which runs through the midst of it about eight English miles from the Baltick Guarded at the Rivers mouth by the Fort Travemund and is in a strict Alliance with the States-General of the United-Provinces ever since Anno 1648. The other Towns are Newstadt Ploen upon a Lake Fortified with a Castle and belonging to a Prince of the House of Holstein called Holstein Ploen Oldenberg Segebert the Lirimiris of Ptol. and Oldeslee Ditmarsh hath for its chief places Meldrop the prime Town of the Province Lunden and Heide Holstein is the last member of this Estate though giving name to the whole the chief places in it are Kiel alias Chilonium Seated upon the Baltick Sea a well traded Town with a large Haven and store of Shipping 2. Rensberg the best Fortified and Itzehoa on the River Stoer Adolph of Schaumberg in the Year 1114 by Lotharius Emperor and Duke of Saxony was made the first Earl of Holstein Adolph the last Earl of which House dying without Issue the whole Estate fell to Christiern Son of Theodorick Earl of Oldenberg who being made King of Denmark prevailed with Frederick the third Emperor to have the whole Estate erected into a Dukedom 1474. and by this means united to the Crown of Denmark the Kings thereof as Dukes of Holstein being counted Princes of the Empire tho they neither send to the Imperial Diets nor contribute to the publick Taxes nor acknowledg any Subjection more than Titular Yet since this uniting of these two Estates the Title of Duke of Holstein and a good part of the Country was in a manner dismembred from the Crown and given to Adolph Brother of Christiern the third Afterwards another part of this Country was bestowed upon John Younger Brother to Frederick the Second So that now the House of Holstein is divided into three principal Branches whereof the King of Denmark is the Head and standing Protector of the first Branch The other two Branches are that of Holstein Gottorp and that of Holstein Sunderburg which is divided into four Branches so that the Dukes of Holstein are now increased to a great Number of which the Duke of Holstein Gottorp is the most considerable yet was greater before he lost the King of Denmark his Brother in Laws favour by engaging too far with the Swedes whereby he lost to the King his Rights of Soveraignty over the Dukedom of Sleswick and has little or nothing there left besides his Castle at Gottorp And in Holstein his Subjects are under Contribution whilest himself resides at Hamburg his place of refuge Slesvicensis Ducatus or Hertzogthumb Sleswick Incolis THIS is that part of Jutland which lies next to Holstein and was first erected a Dukedom by King Eric of Denmark who gave it to Waldemar but Male-issue failing it returned to the Crown and was by Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden conferred upon Getrard Earl of Holstein Afterwards it fell together with Holstein to Christiern of Oldenburg King of Denmark by whom it was with Holstein Incorporated in that Crown A Country which once in three or four years the Inhabitants let the Pools
overflow the Land where they catch plenty of Fish and the mud inriches the Soil It s chief Towns are Schleswyck Slesuicum Heideba teste Crantzio an Episcopal See and Head of the Dukedom Seated on the River Slea which falls into the Baltick Sea where it hath a commodious Haven 2. Husum Seated on the River Eyder Fortified with a Castle 3. Haders-leben Fortified with the Strong Castle Hansberg 4. Flensberg with its commodious and deep Port. Between Flensberg and Sleswick is a Country that goes by the name of Angelen from whence England had its first denomination ever since King Egbert 5. The Port of Christian-pries now Fortified by the Fort Frederick 6. Gortop a trong Fort or Castle the Residence of the Duke of Holstein 7. Frederick-stadt upon the Eyder built by one of the late Dukes intending to have set up a Trade of Silk there to which purpose in the year 1633 he sent a splendid Embassie into Muscovy and Persia whose Travails are described by Olearius Of North-Juitland NOrth-Juitland is divided into four Diocesses Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg The Diocess of Ripen contains seven Walled Towns and ten Castles its chief places are Ripen an Episcopal Sea Fortified with a Castle 2. Kolding the place where Toll is paid for the Cattel that passes that way 3. Frederick Ode or Frederica lies in a situation of that importance that Charles Gustavus having taken it in the late Wars 1657 opened himself a way to pass his Army over the Ice into all the Neighbouring Islands and to alarum Copenhagen an Action both bold and unheard of for he marched his Cavalry and his Carriages over a great Arm of the Sea where before a single footman was afraid to expose his life The Diocess of Artbusia or Arthusen contains seven Cities and five Castles its chief places are Arthusen a well frequented Port. Kalla a Strong place Horsens and Renderen The Diocess of Aelbourg Aelburgum hath for its chief places Albourg at the mouth of Limford-Bay Nicoping Hirring Wansyssel Thysted and Scagen or the Scaw the northermost part of Juitland The Diocess of Wibourg hath three Castles and three Walled Towns the chief is Wibourg where are the Courts of Judicature for all Juitland The chief Islands belonging to Denmark that lie dispersed in the Baltick See are Zeland Fionia or Funen Alsen Arroe or Aria Langland Laland Falster Mone Huen or Ween-Island and Bornholm Of the Baltick Sea. THIS is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients otherwise called Sucvicum Mâre seu Balticum Die Bâlth or Oostzee Belgis La Mar Baltique Gallis Warezkovie More Russis It hath three several passages into it from the Ocean all of them under the command of the King of Denmark the safest and most usual is that famous Strait called the Frâtum Sundicum Le Sund Gallis Straet Van Sund. Batavis Oresund Danis The Sound Anglis So great a passage that there often sails 200 sometimes 300 Ships through in one day and is not above four miles over in the narrowest place The second passage or Inlet lies between the Islands of Zeland and Funen and is about 16 miles over and is called Bâltsound or the great Belt. The third passage is between Funen and Jutland not above eight miles over and is called the lesser Belt. Of Zeland ZEland of old Codanonia the greatest Island of the Baltick Seas is situate near the Main Land of Schonen from which 't is separated by a narrow Streight abou four miles over which is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade or Commerce in these Seas and pay a Toll or Imposition to the King according to their bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth his greatest Revenue And for the security of this passage there are built two very strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenburg the most delightful Seat in the World affording a profitable and pleasant Prospect of all Ships that Sail through the Sound the other in Schonen or Scandia called Elsenburg In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth our Eastland-Fleet was by the King of Denmark threatened to be sunk in case they passed this Sound or Straits of Elsenour yet they made the Adventure having only one Man of War viz. the Minion and kept their course maugre all opposition without any wound received forwards and back again The chief City of this Island is Haphnia Kiobenhaven Danis Koppenhagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg. Copenhage Gal. Copenhagen Angl. the Met opolis of the whole Kingdom sometime the Residence of the King a University Seated near the Sea with a good Port and safe Road for Ships Fortified with a Strong Castle containing one of the Fairest Arsenals in Europe wherein is a Celestial Globe six foot Diameter Christiern the Fourth having laid the foundation of a New City in the little Island of Armager joyned it to the old by a Bridg and called it by the Name of Christierns Haven so that now it is divided into two parts in the New Town is the Royal Castle the Mint the Exchange and the Arsenal before mentioned This City was taken by Frederick Anno 1522 and in the year 1536 after a years Siege it was surrendred to Christiern the 3d. The Citizens now enjoy the greatest priviledg of any City in Europe Roschildt is the Burying place of the Danish Kings Elsenour is near to the strong Castle and Palace of Cronenberg the Fortifications whereof was and is the Key of the Baltick Sea enlarged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Frederick the 2d The Surrender of this Castle to the Swedes by a Stratagem Sept. the sixth 1658 was like to have lost Copenhagen and consequently the whole Kingdom Fredericksberg is a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain oftentimes the place of the Kings retirement but most famous for that solemn Interview and Entertainment that happened between the late Kings of Sweden and Denmark upon the Conclusion and Ratification of the Roschildt Treaty Other places are Kallenburg Rinstead Koge Korsoer is the place where K. Charles of Sweden landed his Army in his Second Expedition against Denmark Aug. 8. 1658 five Months after the aforesaid Interview of the two Kings at Frederixburg Nestwood Waringburg was the first place where the King of Sweden set his Foot in Zeland in his first Expedition In this Island are reckoned 340 Villages The Island of Fionia or Funen is the assignment of the Prince of Denmark 't is Seated between Zeland and Juitland separated from the first by a narrow passage called the Belt from the last by a narrower called Midle-far-sound 'T is a fertile Soil and pleasant situation It s chief place is the well Traded Odensee an Episcopal See formerly the Seat of the General Assemblies of the Kingdom now kept at Copenhagen adorned with two fair Churches and neat buildings near this place Count Guldenlew the Vice-roy of Norway was overtaken in his Coach by Charles King of Sweden in his first Expedition Other Towns are
make a Corporation or Body as well as the other Orders Swedeland contains that part of Scandinavia which is the best as lying toward the East The cold Weather is there very long and sometimes very bitter however the Inhabitants do not so much make Use of Furs as they do in Germany they only wear Night-Caps Woollen-Gloves Just-a-corps and make great Fires of Wood with which they are well stored There are so few Sick People among them that Physicians and Apothecaries have little or no Practice The Inhabitants are equally Rich and their greatest Revenue consists in Copper whence the most part of the Europeans fetch it to make their small Money their Cannon and their Bells The City of Stockholm alone has in the Castle above 800 Pieces of Great Artillery and it is believed that in all the Kingdom there are above 80000. Upon review of the Militia made 1661 fourscore thousand Men were Mustered in Arms. This Country being so full of Mountains and Woods afford very little Corn so that in times of Scarcity the Poor are forced to eat very bad Bread. The Commodities of the Country besides Copper are Butter Tallow Hides Skins Pitch Rosin Timber and Boards The Cities are very subject to Fire in regard the Houses are all built of Wood. The Lakes and Gulfs are more considerable than the Rivers Nor is there any Trade but upon the Coasts where there is no venturing without a Pilot because of the great number of Rocks The Ice there is so thick that Waggons go safely upon it In other places the Snow affords them the Conveniency of Travelling in Sledges The Horses are fit for War for besides that they are easily kept and rarely sick they are well used to the Road they carry their Rider swimming they readily take wide Ditches they are Couragious and Nimble and will Assail the Enemy of their Rider with their Heels and Teeth both together Under the Name of Sweden are comprehended the Countries of Gothia Suecia Lapponia Finlandia Ingria and Livonia wherein is contained 35 Provinces besides the Acquisitions âforesaid wherein Bertius reckoneth 1400 Parishes The two first toward the West and the three last toward the East the Gulf of Finland between them both Gothland whether so called from the Gâs or falsely affecting that more Glorious Name cannot well be known is divided into Ostre-Gothland and Westro-Gothland And those that Conquered Spain were called Visgoths Calmar is a strong City and the place where the Swedes usually set Sail for Germany The Cittadel is as highly esteemed in the Northern parts as that of Millain in the South Norkoping is full of Copper-Forges for which reason most of the Europeans fetch Cannons from thence Linkâping a Bishops See where Olaus Magnus was Born is Remarkable for the Victory of Charles of Sudermania afterwards King of Sweden There are several other Cities whose Names terminate in Koping that is the Market-place âmburg where King Charles the Ninth died is a new Town with a Port upon the Ocean Lodusia Sans Daleburg is a fair Town well fârtâed with a s rong Castle Swedeland communicates its Name to other Provinces of this Kingdom of which Stockholm or âiâ is the Capital City accommodated with a Royal Castle and a Sea-Port at the Mouth of the Lake M ler which they formerly had a Design to have cut into the Wener-Lake to have joyned the Baltick and the Ocean together so to spoil the Passage of the Sound This Wener Lake is said to receive 24 Rivers and disburden its self at one mouth with such noise and fury that it is called the Devils-mouth This City is far better âurniâh'd than it was before the War with Germany In the Year 1641 they began to streighten the Streets and build their Houses Uniform The Harbour is very Secure so that a Ship may Ride there without an Anchor It has three Channels which carry the Vessels between certain Islands and Rocks The Kings Ships lie at Elsenape Vpsal Defended by a great Castle where is the Metropolitan Church where the Kings are usually Crowned and where formerly they kept their Courts The City is adorned with an University and the most âble Marâs in all thosâ Quarters The Cathedral has been a Stââilding as they say lin'd or as it wâre Wâd within wâold and covâd with Copper Carâlâtaâ upon the Wener is notââor its abundance of ârass Strongues is a Bishops Sâ Ar sia now W âerus was rich in Silver Mines Lâni contain no Citi s It has only certaiâ Habitations divided into five Countries that bear the Names of their Rivers The Laponers are very small the tallâst ât being above four foot higâ nevertheless formerly six hundr d of them put to the Rout above an hundred thousand Mâsâites that came to Inâdâ them They wear no other Habit but Skiâ and when they are Young they so inure themselves to the Cold that afterwards âey easily endure it without any Clothes They have neither Woollen nor Linnen only they have pieces of Copper which they call Chippans which they exchange for Necessaries They have neither Bread nor Corn nor Fruit nor Herbs nor Wine nor Cattel nor Butter nor Eggs nor Milk nor other Supports of life But they have no want of Water And they have a kind of Wild Deer which are very swift the Flesh whereof they live upon There is a second part of Laponia in Denmark and a third in Muscovy The Mount Enaraki has three Apartments of Lodging for the Deputies of the three Nations Finnonia seu Finnia Finland is a Dutchy which some Kings of Swedeland were wont to Assign for their Brothers Portion The Chief Cities whereof are Aâo a Bishoprick and Viburgh or Viborch a chargeable Fortress There is one particular place in this Province near Razeburg where Needles being touched turn continually Biorneburg Cajenbourg with other places you will find in the Map and Kexholm taken by Pontus de lâ Garde Ingria vulgo Ingermanland by the Russians Isera was taken from the Muscovites by a Treaty in the Year 1617. It is but small but considerable for the Chace of Elkes and for the Situation of the strong Fort of Noteburgh in the midst of a great River at the Mouth of the Lake âadoga Carald âd by the Russes This Garison was taken by the Swedes all the Soldiers within being destroyed by a Distemper that took them in the Mouth and hindred them from eating The Mountains that part Norway and Sweden are by Ortelius called the Dossâ Montes Sevo Montes of Plin. accounted 300 miles in length and now in various places have divers Names not much material here to mention The Commodâes of this Country are Copper Lead Brass and Iron Ox-Hides Goats and Buckskins Tallow Furs Honey Allom and Corn. The Inhabitants naturally strong active and stout Soldiers industrious laborious ingenious and courteous to Strangers The Women discreet and modest The Christian Faith was first planted here by Ausgarius Archbishop of Bremen the general Apostle of the
North. The Forces of Sweden are very powerful being able to put to Sea more then 100 Sail of Ships and into the Field forty or fifty thousand of Horse and Foot. And for deciding of Controversies c. every Territory hath its Viscount every Province its Lân every Parish its Lanas-man or Consul and there lâeth an appeal from the Consul to the Laymen and from the Laymen to the Viscount and from the Viscount to the King who alone decideth the same Teste Sanson Livonia Germ. or Listândt is divided into two parts viz. Esthânia or Eften on the North. and Litlandia Leithland or ãâã on the South was entirely Surrendred by the Polander except Dunembergh Formerly the Order of Carry-Sword Knights Resided there but in the time of Gregory the Ninth that Order was United to the Teutonick Afterwards the Polanders and Muscovites enjoyed it Riga is the Capital City of Livonia The Germans English and Hollanders drive a great Trade there in the Summer while the Sea is open In the Winter the Natives Trade into Muscovy upon their Sledges It stands upon a Plain upon the River Duna which in that place is about a quarter of a League over The Fortifications thereof consist of six Regular Bastions several Half-moons and Pallisado'd Counterscarps In the Year 1656 an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites came to catch cold before this City which Valiantly Repulsed them Pernaw is a well Fortified place And Derpt in Latin Tuâatum Situate on the Beck taken by J. Basilius the Great Duke of Muscovy as was also Felin a strong Town Dunabourg an Impregnable Fortress eight miles from Riga well Garisoned by the Poles Revel directs the Trade from Livonia into Muscoây 'T is a Bishops See and a well Traded Port. Nerva is a strong place from whence the Neighbouring River derives its Name where the Brave Pontus de la Gardia was Drown'd By the last Treaties between the Crowns of Sweden and Poland the Exercise of the Protestant as well as the Catholick Religion is permitted in Livonia as also in Curland and Prussia The Island of Gothland is the biggest in the Baltick Sea for therein there are five or six Ports belonging to the Swede In several of the Rocks there still remain the Ancient Gothish Characters And the City of Wisby still preserves certain pieces of Marble and Houses that have Gates of Iron or Brass Gilded or Silver'd over which testifie the great Antiquity of the place This City first Established the Law for Navigation in the Baltick and began the Sea-cards Other Islands are Dagho and Oesel upon the Coast of Livonia belonging to the Swedes Of Muscovy c. MOSCOVIE or RVSSIE Of Muscovy c. MVSCOVY is properly but the name of a Province so called of which Moscow is the chief City which hath communicated its Name to all the Provinces under the Dominion of the Grand Czar or Tzar This Country is part of the European Sarmaâiâ or Sâythia called also Russia Alba or the Great Russia whose ancient Inhabitants were the Rhuteni or the Roxolani of Ptol. the Rossi of Cedren The Basternae Tacit. teste Willich From thence some think it called Russia others tell us 't is called Russia from the colour of the Snow which colours the Fields for almost three Quarters of a year 'T is the Vastest Country in Europe A Territory so large that were it Peopled answerable to some other parts of the World would either make it too great for one Prince or that Prince too powerful for his Neighbours But the Eastern parts thereof are vexed with the Asiatique Tartars who like Aesop's Dog will neither dwell there nor suffer the Muscovites The Western parts almost as much harassed by the Swedes and Poles The Southern by the Turks and European Tartars and the Northern pinched by the coldness of the Air This excess of cold in the Air was so vehement that in the Year 1598 of 70000 Turks that made an Inrode into Muscovy 40000 were frozen to death and water thrown up into the Air will turn to Ice before it falls to the Ground Nor is it an extraordinary thing for the Inhabitants to have their Noses Ears and Feet frozen off such is their Winter Nor is their Summer less Miraculous for the heaps of frozen Snow which covered the Surface of the Country at the first approach of the Sun are suddenly Dissolved the Waters dried up the Earth dressed in her gaudy Apparel such a mature Growth of Fruits such flourishing of Herbs such chirping of Birds as if there were a perpetual Spring And though they Sow but in June yet the Heats of July and August strangely quicken their Harvest The whole Country generally is overspread with Woods and Lakes and is in a manner a continual Forest irrigated by several Lakes and Rivers Here grow the goodliest and tallest Trees in the World affording shelter to multitudes of Cattel and Wild Beasts whose Skins âre better than their Bodies and here is the inexhaustible Fountain of Wax and Honey as likewise all kinds of Fowl and small Birds in great plenty most sorts of Fish excellent Fruits and Roots especially Onions and Garlick Here is the Corn of Rhezan and Volodimira the Hides and Leather of Jârouslâu the Wax and Honey of Plesow the Tallow of Wolâgda the Oyl and Cavayer about Volga the Linnen and Hemp of great Novogrodt the Pitch and Rosin of Duvinâz the Salt of Asrâacan and Rostof the ârmins and Sables and black Foxes Furs of Siberia where the Hunters have the Art to hit only the Noses of the Beasts preserving their Skins whole and clean The Muscovites are naturally ingenious enough yet not addicted to Arts or Sciences they do not trouble themselves with the height of the Heavens or the Magnitude of the Earth they amuse not themselves with Syllogisms nor wrangle whether Logick be an Art or Science And the plainness and paucity of their Laws makes Atturnies and Sollicitors as useless there as Philosophers Nor are they much addicted to Traffick and Husbandry being naturally lazy it must be force or necessity that compels them to labour Drunkenness is very familiar with them and Aqua-vitae or Tobacco like the Liquor of Circe turns them into Swine They are great lyars treacherous crafty malicious and revengeful quarelsome tho the height of their fury is Kicking their Houses mean and ill-furnished their Lodging is hard and their Diet homely born to slavery and brought up in hardship They are for the most part fat and corpulent strong of Body and of good proportion only great Bellies and great Beards are in fashion and the Women though indifferent handsome yet make use of Paint They are much retired and seldom in publick very respectful to their Husbands who look upon them as a necessary evil beat them often and treat them as slaves They only teach their Children to write and read which suffices them though they presume to be Doctors They take for their Sirname the proper name of their
the Misfortunes of the Kingdom for they Leagued themselves with the lesser Tartars and put themselves into the Great Turks Protection Insomuch that we may safely say that the Invasion of the Swedes the Hostilities of the Muscovites the Irruption of the Transylvanians the Treachery of the Cossacks the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland and Lithuania the different Factions of the Kingdom the Contests of the Neighbouring Nations gave a cruel Blow to this Crown and were the causes that moved the Great Turk to make War upon them Poland contains Ten great Divisions four to the West and upon the Vistula Poland Mazovia Cujavia and Prussia the Royal. Six toward the East and to the West of Borysthenes Lithuania Samogitia Polaquia Nigra Russia Volhinia and Podolia These Provinces have been gained for the most part either by Arms or Alliances They are divided into Palatinates the Palatinates into Castellains and the Castellains into Captainships They call the Government of places Starosties Besides these Provinces there is one part of Muscovia which was yielded to the Muscovite in the year 1634 after that Ladislaus the Fourth before he was King had the year before valiantly Relieved Smolensko and reduced to utmost Extremity an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites who were constrained to ask him Pardon to save their Lives That Treaty which they call the Treaty of Viasma gained to Poland Smolensko Novogrodeck Sevierski Czernihou and other places The Truce for thirteen years beginning February 1667 leaves the Grand Duke of Muscovy in the Possession of Smolensko as also of that part of the Vkraine to the East of Borysthenes and regain'd to the Crown of Poland Dunenbourg Polâczk and Witepski Ducal Prussia where stands Konigsberg or Mons Regius a fair City University and Mart generally by our Seamen called Queenborow belonging to the Elector of Brandenburgh who is absolute Sovereign of it independent from Poland The City is so much the bigger because it incloseth two others within the same circuit of Walls Pinau and Memel are two Forts upon the Sea of the greatest concernment of any in that Dominion Curland is a Dukedom for which the Duke of the House of Ketler does Homage to the Crown His Residence is at Mitaw the chief of the Province of Semigallia in Livonia near this City Zernesky the Polish General and Lubermisky the great Chancellor vanquished the Swedish Army and killed 14000 upon the place And Vindaw was the Seat of the great Master of the Teutonick Order Poland the best Peopled is Divided into Vpper and Lower In the first stands Cracovia or Crackow the chief City in all Poland where the Kings and Queens are Crowned Inhabited by a great Number of Germans Jews and Italians encompassed with two strong Walls of Stone on the East-side is the Kings Castle on the West a Chappel where the Kings are Interred Upon the Confines of Silesia stands the City of Czentochow with the Cloyster of Nostre-dame of Clermont an extraordinary strong place and which the Swedes Besieged in vain twice in the Years 1655 and 1656. Sandomiria or Sendomierz a Walled Town and Castle upon a Hill. Lublin or Lublinium is a Walled Town with a strong Castle Environed with Waters and Marishes Here are held three great Fairs at the Feasts of Pentecost St. Simon and Jude and at Candlemas and much resorted unto by Merchants The Lower Poland though lesser than the Higher is nevertheless called Great Poland because it is more a part of the Kingdom than the other The City of Guesna there Seated in the Palatinate of Kalish is very Ancient and the Seat of the first Kings so called from an Eagles Nest which was found there while it was Building and which gave Occasion to the King of Poland to bear Gules an Eagle Argent Crown'd Beak'd and Armed Or bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the same Kalick Calisia is a Walled Town upon the Prosna naming the Country The Province of Mazovia only has above thirty or forty thousand Gentlemen the most part Catholicks Warsovia Warsaw is the Capital thereof and of the whole Kingdom in regard the General Diets are kept there and because its Castle is the Kings Court. In Cujavia stands the City Wladislau where the Houses are Built of Brick and the Lake Gopla out of which came the Rats that Devoured King Popiel Posnania or Posen is a Bishops See seated amongst Hills upon the River Warsa fairly built of Stone subject to Inundations chief of the Palatinate In which is also Miedzyrzecze a strong Town upon the Borders of Schlesia impregnably seated amongst Waters and Marshes Koscien a double Walled Town amongst dirty Marshes Sivadia Sirad a Walled Town and Castle seated upon the River Warsa naming the Country sometimes a Dukedom belonging to the second Sons of the Kings of Poland Lancicia Lancitz a Walled Town with a Castle mounted on a Rock upon the River Bsura Rava built all of Wood with a Castle naming the Palatinate Plozko and Dobrzin are two Palatinates on the other side of the Nieper Prussia Royal which belongs to the King of Poland are several Cities which the Knights of the Teutonick Order Built The Lakes and the Sea-Coast afford great store of Amber Marienburgh Mariiburgum is a strong Town where Copernicus was born a Town of good Trade with a fair Wooden Bridge over the Vistula Dantzick Gedanum one of the Capital Hans-Towns drives all the Trade of Poland and has not its equal over all the Baltick Sea It is a Free Town and is Priviledged to send Deputies to the States of the Kingdom The King of Poland has some Rights there upon Entry of Goods and upon the Custom The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of Prussia The Generous Resolution of the Towns-men to maintain the Authoriry of their King against the Swedes without accepting the Neutrality was the Preservation of the whole Kingdom Lithuania is the greatest Province of all those which compose the Estates of the Crown of Poland It received the Christian Religion 1389 United to Poland 1569. It has the Title of a Grand Dukedom wherein there are also to this day as many great Officers as in the Kingdom of Poland The Country is so full of Marshes and Sloughs that there is no Travelling in Winter for the Ice Vilna the Capital City incloses so many sorts of Religions that there is no City in the World where God is Worshipped after so many different ways unless in Amsterdam a Liberty too much allowed in most parts of Christendom but rara temporum felicitas There are also in Lithuania eight parts or Palatinates viz Breslaw Mââsco Mscizlaw Novogrodeck Poloczk Troki Vilna and Witepsk as also the Dutchy of Smolensko Novogrodeck Czernihou with the Territories of Rohaczow and Rzeczych and Sluckz whose chief places bears the same name other chief places of Note in Lithuania you may find in the Map. Samogitia is a Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly it hath no Palatinate
but its chief place is Rosienne whose houses are built of Mud and Straw-walls teste Sans Polaquia communicates her Name to the Polanders who call themselves Polacks as Descended from Lechus their first Prince It s chief places are Bietskâ the strong Augustow and the well Fortified Tycassin or Tywckzin where the Kings Treasure is kept Russia Nigra has several Names some call it Black Russia by Reason of the Woods others Red because of the colour of the Earth and some Meridional because of its Situation towards the South Leopol or Lemberg an Archbishoprick is the Principal City but Zamoski the stronger it contains also the Castelwicks of Chilm and Blez and this is by most Geographers esteemed to be in the Higher Poland Volhinia claims for her Capital Kiou Polonis Kioff Germanis an Ancient City having once 300 fair Churches but destroyed by the Tartars still a Bishops See acknowledging the Patriarch of Moschow and of the Communion of the Greek Church Seated upon the Borysthenes where the Cossacks have often had their Retreats It was once the Seat of the Russian Emperors Taken and destroyed by the Tartars 1615 and now said to be taken by the Turks in the War 1678. In Podolia stands the well Fortified and Impregnable Kamienick olim Clepidava teste Cleaver which has formerly withstood the Armies of the Turks the Lesser Tartars the Transylvanians and the Walachians but at length was forced to yield to the Power of the Grand Signior in the Year 1672 since re-taken by the Poles but by the last Treaty delivered to the Turks as is also Oczakow the Axiace of Strab. Plin. Ptol. 1684. the Fortress of Jaslowic in Podolia was surrendred which consisted of 500 men And Dassow at the Mouth of the Borysthenes In the year 1626 the Cossacks entred the Bosphorus with 150 Sail of Saicks or Boats each Boat carrying 50 armed men and have 20 Oars on a side and two men to an Oar and on the Grecian-shore burnt Boyno-devi and Yenichioi on the Asian-side Stenia and put Constantinople into a general Consternation On the Banks of the River Niester Count Esterhasi fell upon the reer of the Turks killed 500 on the place took their Baggage with divers Prisoners and gave liberty to many Christian slaves The next day he charged another party kill'd a great Number and got a considerable Booty And afterwards having got more Recruit he joyned Battel with them and slew 1200 on the place gave liberty to 1400 Christians took divers of their Commanders with their Bag and Baggage with much Gold and Silver in Plate and Money 1624 forty thousand Horse of Tartars enters into Podolia and made Incursions as far as Socal but at Burstinow were overthrown thirty thousand slain and two thousand Prisoners taken the greatest defeat that was ever given to the Tartars Upon a Hill between Tyr River and Chocin the Turks an Tartars being 60000 under Abassa received a great loss by Konispotzki the Polish General with 2500 Horse 1684. Lesser Tartary TARTARIA in EUROPE by Rob t Morden THE Lesser Tartary which lyes in Europe is so called to distinguish it from the Grand which makes part of Asia it is also called Percopensis and Crim from the names of the principal Cities situated in the Peninsula formerly called Taurica Chersonesus The Nogays Tartars must not be omitted that lye between Tanais and Volga nor the Tartars of Ocziakou between the mouth of Borysthenes and the Niester nor the Tartars of Budziack already mentioned to the East of Moldavia between the mouths of the Niester and Donaw Besides all these there are some that are settled also in Lithuania and the Vkraine adjoyning to the Black Sea. The Black Sea is very Tempestuous so named and so famed from the terrible and frequent Shipwracks that happen in it for want of skilful Pilots and good Havens And the people that Inhabit about it are naturally barbarous and wicked without any Religion and under no Government The Circumference of this Sea was reckoned by Eratostenes Hecataeus Ptol. and Ammianus Marcellinus to be 23000 Stadia or 2875 miles The Thracian Bosphorus is certainly one of the comeliest parts of the World the Chanel is about 15 miles in length and about two in breadth in most parts The Shores consist of rising grounds covered over with Houses of Pleasure Woods Gardens Parks delightful Prospects lovely Wildernesses watered with thousands of Springs and Fountains upon it are seated four Castles well fortified with great Guns two eight miles from the Black Sea and the other two near the mouth of the Chanel built not above forty years ago to prevent the Cossacks c. from making Inroads with their Barks Palus Maeotis is by the Turks called Baluck Denguis that is Mare Piscium for 't is incredible what a number of Fish is caught in that Lake And 't is reported that they usually take Fish there which weigh eight or nine hundred pounds and of which they make three or 400 weight of Caveer Their Fishing lasts from October to April The waters do not rise or fall though it partakes of the River Tanais and the intercourse of the Euxine Sea. From the Chanel of Palus Maeotis to Mingrelia 't is reckoned 600 miles along the Coast which consist of pleasant Mountains covered with Woods Inhabited by the Circassians by the Turks called Cherks by the Ancients Zageans by P. Mela Sargacians a Country reckoned by the Turks not worth the Conquering nor the charge of keeping The Commodities that the Turks exchange for with the Inhabitants are Slaves Honey Wax Leather Chacal-skins a Beast like a Fox but bigger and Zerdavas which is a Fur that resembles a Martin with the Furs of other Beasts that breed in the Circassan Mountains The Cherks are a people altogether Savage of no Religion unfaithful and perfidious They live in Wooden Huts and go almost naked And the women till and manure the Ground They are sworn enemies to those that live next to them and make slaves one of another They live upon a kind of Paste made of a very small grain like to a Millet But of this Country little is known to us and what is discovered is by means of the Slaves that are brought from thence into Turkia who are in a manner Savages from whom nothing of certainty is to be expected Crim Tartary is a Peninsula about 200 miles in length and 50 in breadth wonderfully populous and exceeding fruitful abounding in Corn and Grass but Wood and Fuel is scarce The Towns on the Sea-side are Precop Lus lowa Mancup Crim Caffa Kers and Arbotka which lies between the Black and Moeotan or Ratten Seas near to which is a great field 50 miles long enclosed with water where the Tartars in Winter do keep their Hergees or Horses Within the Land are Carasu and Bakessy Seray The Town of Astamgorod stands upon the Neiper in former times there dwelt in it two Brothers Ingul and Vngul who falling at variance and that ending in
to Strong-waters and a Drink called Beza giving themselves up to a Gluttony as Brutish as that which is Natural unto Swine having no Use of Sauces to provoke their Appetite but rest delighted with the meer contentment of Idleness and a full Stomack I shall only add this account of Tartary by Massellini an Italian Physician to the Grand Vizier I for my part found Tartary a very pleasant Country plentiful of all Provisions and the people much more courteous and obliging to strangers and Christians than the Turks are That as to their Morals few Nations less vicious being extreamly severe and faithful having no Thieves or false Witnesses amongst them little injustice or violence and live together in union and peace And that the captive Tartars in Poland are very faithful and just in whatsoever they promise or are entrusted with Of MOLDAVIA TRANSILVANIA MOLDAVIA VALACHIA BVLGARIA c by Robt. Morden MOLDAVIA has sometimes been called Great Walachia and Walachia on this side the Mountains It is very Rich in Honey and Wax for which the Tenths of the Prince amount Yearly to above 200000 Crowns You shall meet with several Heaps of Stones which they report to have been cast up by Darius King of Persia when he made War against the Scythians The Capital Cities thereof are Jassi or Jassum the chief Town for Wealth and Trade 2. Soczova Soczow Suchzow was the Sucidava of Ptol. Ant. the Vaivod's Seat. 3. Chotezin Arcobadara Baud. a place of great strength near the Niester and the Ordinary Magazine of the Country the place where the Poles were Defeated under King Sigismund Augustus and where King John Sobieski a little before his Election won the most memorable Victory in our Age. The Eastern part called Bessarabia lies upon the Black Sea and belongs to the Grand Signior who is Master of the Mouth of the Danow and Niester and who uses all ways imaginable to Subdue the Rich Provinces of the Vkraine It s chief places are Bialogrod Bialogred Moldavis Beligrad Turcis a strong Town near the Mouth of the River Kilia is the Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. teste Laz. But Laonicus tells us that Callatia is now called Calliacra And Niger saith 't is called Pandalla on the Euxine Sea. Ackerman Turcis Moncastro Incol is the Hermonassa Plin. Mel. the Hermonactus Ptol. teste Nigro Nester Alba. Turcis teste Leuncl Moncastro is the Tyras of Ptol. teste Herbersti Zothezavia Nigro a strong place on the same Coast The Plain of Budziack 12 Leagues long and half as broad is possessed by the Dobruce Tartars who are the greatest Robbers in those parts They are about 15000 and lye about Bialigrod Of WALACHIA WALACHIA which lies to the South-East of Transylvania and extends along the Danaw was called Walachia Transalpina to distinguish it from Moldavia It is watered by a great many Rivers Some of the Mountains are enriched with Mines of Gold And for the Horses they are the best in Europe The Prince who is sometimes called Hospodar and sometimes Waywode that is to say Chief of the Troops Resides at Terwisch Incol Tervis Gal. Targovisco Ital. Tergowisch Germ. Tergovistus or Tergoviscum Lat. Auth. Olim Tiviscum Ptol. Taros Turo teste Lazio And pays to the Grand Signior 26000 Liures Annual Tribute It s other places are Brailano the Piroboridava of Ptol. teste Nigro the Town of most Trade Situate on the Danaw memorable for the Destruction and Slaughter made by John the Vaivod of Moldavia Zorza with its strong Castle taken by Sigismund Anno 1596. Bucaresta is Remarkable for two Bridges the one of Boats laid by Sinan Bassa the other of Stone the Work of the Emperor Trajan Of TRANSYLVANIA TRANSYLVANIA Erdeli Hung. Siedm-grodzka Ziemea Sclavis is so called as being Seated beyond the Woods or rather Mountains that separate it from Hungary The Germans call it Sieben burghen by reason of the Seven Cities which the Saxons Built there viz. Hermanstat Cronstat Nosenstat Medwich Schiesburg Clausenburg and Weissenburg The People of this Country are of two sorts Cicules or Zeklers Saxons or Hungarians The Zeklers are said to come out of Tartary or are rather the remains of the Hunns who quitted their Names that they might not be Odious to their Neighbours They are settled chiefly in the Northern part at Orbay at Kisdi at Czick at Girgio at Marous at Arania and Sepsi Their Capital City is Newmark The Saxons or Hungarians are Originally Descended from the Germans and call themselves the Nobles of the Country Hermanstadt Ger. Czeben Zeben Hung. the Cibinium Hermannopolis of the Ancients yielded by the Turks 1659 after much Slaughter and a stout Resistance is the Residence of the Prince a strong City well Fortified both by Art and Nature Waradin or Wardeyn has been extraordinarily Fortified by the Turks who have there made a Magazine of Arms ever since the Year 1660. Cronstat Kronstat Germ. Brassow vel Brassowa Hung. Brassaw Incolis the Patrovissa of Ptol. Stephanopolis Corona Praetoria Augusta Vet. is Remarkable for a fair Library and a kind of Academy and the most Noted Empory of the Country Nosenstadt Germ. Bistritia Bestercze Hung. the Nemidava Vet. ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã in Old Manuscripts is a pleasant and sweet Town Clausenburg Germ. Koloswar Hung. Claudiapolis Vet. Zeugma Ptol. aliis Besieged by the Turks Defended by D. Retani and Relieved by Scheniden with 6000 Men 1661. But Lazius tells us that Zeugma is the Zazsebes Hung. or the Mulenbach Ger. three Leagues distant from Clausenburg towards the South seated in a pleasant Plain beautified with handsome Buildings and is the Court of their Judicature Wassemburg Germ. Gyula-Feieruar Hung. Albajulia or Alba-Giulia the Apulum of Ptol. was the Ordinary Residence of the Prince or Vayvod of Transylvania Varhel Incolis Gradisch Selavo Veczol Venecz teste Lazio is the Zarmigethusa or Zarmisogethusa of Ptol. Vlpia Trajana Vet. Megies or Medgis Hung. Megeswar Medwisch Germ. the Pirum of Ptol. Mediesus Lat. Segeswar Incol Schiesburg Ger. Sciburgium is the Sandava of Ptol. teste Lazio Janova Besieged by the Grand Vizier 1658 and taken The Country Naturally abounds with Wine Corn Fruit and Cattel The People are much of the same Nature with the Hungarians to whom they have been for a long time subject but are somewhat more stubborn and untractable and speaking the same Language with some difference in the Dialect only One of the Principal Revenues of Transylvania consists in Salt which is chiefly made at Torda from whence they send it into Hungary by the River Marish There are also Mines of Gold and Silver and sometimes great pieces of pure Gold are found in the Rivers that weigh half a pound So that the Hungarians when they possessed Transylvania called it their Treasury There are several sorts of Religions in Transylvania for Catholicks Lutherans and Calvinists had the free Exercise of their Religion there ever since the beginning
runneth a long Course of about 400 miles through Carinthia and Hungary falleth into the Danube at Drazat over against Erdoed or Erdewdy the old Teutoburgium of Ant. and Ptol. D. Brown tells us that it is a good stream as high as Villach where there is a Bridg over it and at Clagenfart he passed over it upon two long Wooden Bridges and an Island in the middle between them 5. The Savus Ptol. Saus Strab. in MS. Sheldeni ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã Sabus Solin La Sava Ital. Saw Germ. Le Save Gal. is a noble River arising in the Mountains between Carinthia and Carniola and swelling by the accession of many Rivers after a Course of above 350 miles entereth the Danube at Belgrade At Crainburg not far distant from the Head it was a considerable stream which afterwards so enlarged as to make remarkable Islands one at Sissex by Zagrabia the other Metubarris at the West of old Sarmium 6. Upon the North of Hungary are the Rivers arising from the Capathian Mountains which divide Poland from Hungary viz. the Gran and Ipola which uniting together runneth into the Danube over against Strigonium or Gran. 6. The Neytra which passing by Newhausel entereth the Danube over against Komara 8. The Wagg or Vagus which Stuckius saith equals the Po in Italy at Fristat 50 miles from its entrance into the Danube it is a very large River and hath a long Bridg over it And at Trenschin it hath a considerable Bridg over it 9. Besides these there are others esteemed Fluvii non ignobiles viz. the Leytha which entereth the Danube at Altemburg or Owar and the Bounds of Austria 10. The Sarvitza or Orpanus arising near Vesprinium and passing Alba Regalis runneth into the Danube at Jeni or Nova Palanka over against Bathmonster 11. Curassus or Crasso fatal to Lewis the second King of Hungary 12. Walpo or Vulpanus over which there is a Bridg at Walcovar 13. The River Bosnath Boswetha or Bacunthus which falleth into the Savus not far from the old Surmium As this Country excelleth in Rivers so it hath many considerable and long Bridges not to mention the Bridg of Boats over the Danube between Gran and Barchan nor of that Bridg of Boats between Buda and Pest where the Danube is half a mile over which is so contrived as to open a passage for Boats and Vessels of Burthen to pass nor shall I name those already mentioned There is a handsome and well contrived Bridg at Calotza But that over the Danube at Esseck is scarce to be parallel'd by any other Built partly over the Dravus and partly over the Fens which are often overflowed and is five miles in length Having Towers built upon it at the distance of every quarter of a mile supported by great Trees erected under it nine or ten in a rank unto each Arch and handsomely Railed on each side It cost the Turks 300000 Dollars and six years time to build it That part of the Bridg which was over the Dravus was burnt down by Count Serini in the late Turkish Wars between Leopold the Emperor and Sultan Mahomet 4th and is now supplied by a Bridg of Boats somewhat below the former As Hungary aboundeth in Rivers so 't is not without its notable Lakes viz. the Lake Balaton or Platzee the Volcaea of old extending a great length between Vesprinium and the Dravus with some strong Forts upon it which put a stop unto the cruelty of Solyman's Soldiers when they destroyed all from Buda unto this Lake There is also the Newsidlar Sea by the Hungarians Terteu by Plin. Peiso A pleasant Lake seven German miles long and three broad in the Commotions of Botscay 14 Villages about this Lake were burnt by the Turks Tartars and Rebellious Heyducks The Rivers and Lakes of Hungary are abundant in Fishes The Tibissus or Teisse is esteemed the most Fishy River in Europe if not in the World. 'T is commonly said that it consisteth of two parts of Water and one of Fish and the River Bodrack which runs into the Tibiscus as aforesaid not far from Tokay is so full of Fish that in Summer-time when the River is low the people say the Water smells of Fish tho the River is thirty fathom broad and eight and a half deep This exceeding fertility some ascribe unto the Saline Tinctures both of its own stream and others accessionary unto it which lick the many Salt Mines under ground and so may carry some principles of faecundity with them The Danube aboundeth with many good Fishes as Trouts Perches large and delicious Carps a Fish called Scheyden much exceeding a Pike At some seasons great store of Hausans some 20 foot long esteemed a good Dish and somewhat like Sturgeon with many other sorts And as the Rivers are full of Fish so in the Winter they are covered with many sorts of Fowls The most considerable Cities of Hungary are Buda Hung. Aquincum or Acincum Ptol. Ant. teste Clev. Sicambria Curta aliis By the Germans called Offen by the French Bude by the Spaniards Italians and English Buda so called as some tell us from Buda the Brother of Attilla Anno Dom. 401. Others suppose it so called from Budini a famous Scythian people who engaged with Attilla in his famous Expedition Yet others tell us it was called Bada from the so many Renowned Baths in it 'T is distant from Belgrade 49 German miles and from Vienna 54 teste Baud. First taken from the Heathen Successors of Attila by Charles the Great 791 taken from the Hungarians by Sultan Solyman Anno Dom. 1526. Recovered the year following by King Ferdinand Brother to the Emperor Charles the Fifth who was Elected King by the four Orders of the States of the Kingdom But in the year 1529 it was retaken by Solyman and committed to John Zapolia Prince of Transylvania Ann. 1541 K. Ferdinand sent his General Roggendorf with an Army of 40000 men and 40 Cannon But the Turks coming in to their Assistance with a numerous Army the Germans were forced to raise the Siege Whereupon the Sultan politickly seized upon the City sent the young Prince Sigismund with the Princess his Mother into Transylvania and kept the Town in his own hands and made it the Seat of a Biglerbeg or Vice-Roy whose authority extended over all the Bashaws of Hungary In the year 1542 it was besieged by Joachim Elector of Brandenburgh who was forced to draw off and quit the Siege 1598 or 9 Count Swartzenburgh besieged it but the attempt miscarried Anno 1602 General Rosworm also with the Imperial Army attacked it in vain Whosoever shall read of the Sieges of 1684 and 1686 will find the Story of the most famous Sieges in the World where Blood was spilt like water and many brave men found their Graves where the Assailants equalling if not surpassing Titus storming Jerusalem and Abdi Bashaw no less bravely obstinate in defending his Trust than Villerius upon the Walls of
't was Surrendred after recovered by a Notable Surprize of Count Swartzenburg and Count Palfi with a great Slaughter of the Turks 1606. Here also are several sorts of Warlike Engines and Instruments Komora Comora is the Crumenum Asaum of Ant. Comaronium Bragaetium is Moated by the Danow and strongly Fortified The Island of the same Name formerly called Schutt contains above 300 Villages and above 15000 Inhabitants with the conveniencies of Hunting and Fishing Filleck Filecum Tokay Tokaeum al. Trissum Zatmar Zatmaria and Kalo have been likewise Fortified by Order of the Emperor who keeps hard-by several Armed Gallies Agria Egar Ger. Erlaw Hung. Erla Incolis Temeswar and Canisia have also their several Bassa's as being upon the Frontiers The Turks call Temeswar The Invincible by some thought to be the Zuroâdra or Zurobara of Ptol. The City of Gran Strigonium Laz or Ostrogon Bregaetium Clav. was the Birth-place of King Stephen the first Christian King of Hungary Besieged vain by John King of Hungary taken by Solyman August the 10th 1542 rceovered by Count Mansfelt but re-taken or basely delivered in the time of Sultan Achmet to Aly-beg the Turkish General Vicegrade Hung. Plin. Demberg Germ. the Castle of this place is Seated upon a high Rock where the Crown of Hungary was formerly kept and where the Kings of Hungary did often reside was taken by the Imperial Army June 16. 1684. Over against it lieth Maroz or Fristat Neoseliun Newhausel Germ. Owar Hung. which several times hath bravely withstood the furious Assaults of the Turks but in Anno 1663 the Turkish Power was so great and the Magazine took fire that it was forced to yield and had not some other Christian Princes joyned their Assistance to the Emperor and so stopt the Turks Carrier his Ambition and Success had farther enlarged his Dominions In August 1684 it was taken by Storm and the Turks Army defeated near Gran. Albajulia Lat. Stulweissenburg G. Ekekes Feierwar Hung. Stolni Biograd Sclavis Albe Royale Gallis Alba Regalis Scrip. Pann once famous for the Coronation and Sepulchers of the Hungarian Kings taken by the Turks 1543 lost again 1595 when Sir Tho. Arundel forcing the Water-Tower took the Turkish Ensign and for his Valour was made Count of the Empire and Lord Arundel of Wardour A strong Town betrayed by N. Keresken the Governour thereof upon Promise of a great Reward but Selimus the Son of Solyman for his Treason caused him to be put into a Barrel stuck full of Nails and to be tumbled up and down till he miserably died The Emperor Ferdinand the Second Besieged Canisia or Canischa Ortel when he was Arch-Duke but could not take it Nor was Leopold Ignatius more Fortunate in the Year 1664. The Retreat of the Duke of Mercure from Canisia was one of the Noblest Actions of our Age. Quinque Ecclesiae Furfkirchen Germ. Otegiazac Hung. Petschen Turcis teste Leunclavio taken by the Turks 1543 by some thought to be the Teutoburgium of Ant. and Ptol. Others tell us 't is the Amantia of the Ancients tho some think Amantia to be Almaz it is the place where Solyman died during the Siege of Zygeth in the year 1566. Mohaez is Remarkable for the Defeat of the Christians in the year 1525. And for that of the Turks 1687. Pont d' Essek Famous for the Action of Count Serini who burnt it in View of all the Turkish Army And for the Campagne of 1687. Anno 1682 Villeck was besieged by the Bassa of Buda with 25000 Turks and Tartars but after a brave resistance in September it was surrendred without the Governours consent and afterwards demolished and the Walls levelled with the ground At the same time Lewentz was also abandoned and possessed by the Enemy And the Winter following the Turks and Hungarian Rebels seized themselves of the Fortresses Atsol Newsol Schimnitz and Chremnitz Anno 1595 divers Hungarians besieged Papa and after a long Battery it was delivered to them who sold the Inhabitants to the Turks But the Imperial Army advancing many of the Rebels fled And some of the chief promoters of that disturbance were impaled alive Near Altemberg the Imperial Horse and Foot being divided in passing a River after a sharp dispute the Turks seized upon the Imperial Baggage valued at 40000 Guilders when also the Princes of Savoy and Aremberg soon after died of their Wounds 1684 the Castle of Vnguar was besieged by Teckley and taken by Storm and most of the Garison put to the Sword. Upon the Hills near Vaccia the Duke of Lorain attacked a Body of 20000 Turks commanded by the Vizier of Buda of whom were slain 3000 1500 taken Prisoners with seven Pieces of Cannon eighteen Standards the Vizier and two Bassas slain a Bassa and ten Aga's prisoners and of the Dukes Army not a hundred men lost 1684 Virovitza the Key and Entrance into Sclavonia Capitulated and 600 Janizaries marched out and left it to the Imperialist after 113 years possession 1684 Zeben was invested by General Schuts and surrendred upon discretion all the Hungarians being about 120 were by the Count D'Bargarzzi cut in pieces in revenge of Count Teckleys Impaling alive divers of the Garison of Cziezuar which was surrendred to him upon Articles Barthfield a place fortified with good Walls several Towers and Redoubts the Garison consisting of about 400 men Capitulated and was put into the Command of the Imperialists Mongatz and Tokay are two strong places and in 1683 were in the hands of Count Teckley Makowitz was Surrendred to General Schultz Octob. 1684. In the year 1663 Leventz a strong place was delivered up to the Turks Schinta the Magazine of the Emperors Arms and Artillery was assaulted by the Vizier but being stoutly repulsed he raised his Camp and came before Novigrade a Castle on a High Rock encompassed with a Ditch of 34 foot deep Garisoned with 600 Soldiers and well stored with Victuals and Ammunition yet resigned unto the Turks 1663 At the shallow passages of the River Muer Count Serini with 500 men overthrew a party of 30000 Turks and Tartars under the Command of the Basha of Temiswar and so delivered Croatia from a total destruction In Jan. 1664. Berzenche was surrendred to Count Serini and Bakockza And Quinque Ecclesiae for its perfidious Act was by the Count after a furious assault took by Storm and in recompence of its treacherous stratagem put all the Inhabitants to the Sword pillaged and fired the Town which rendred it a horrible spectacle of Fire and Sword. At Zigeth consisting of an old and new Town conjoyned by a Bridg which crosseth a famous Marsh or Fen. N. Serini the Great Grandfather of the aforesaid Count Immortalized his Fame and Memory with the loss of his Life against Solyman the Great in the year 1565 with an Army of 600000. Serinswar built by Count Serini yielded to the Turks and was demolished Leiva before whose Walls C. Susa and the Christians obtained a great Victory against the Turks
of almost infinite lesser Rivers falls in a little below Strasburg The Moselle Mosella Tac. Aus arising out of the Mountains of Vauge at the Confines of Lorrain is disburthened hereinto at Coblentz The Danaw Ger. le Danube Gal. Danubio Ital. Hisp Danow Ang. Danubius Polyb. Strab. Plin. c. ariseth in Schwartzwald distant about two hours journey from the head of the Neckar and running Eastwards through Suavia Bavaria Austria Hungaria Bulgaria c. after above 1000 miles course it poureth into the Euxine Sea with a great violence through six Channels according to Plin. through seven according to Sol. Strab. and A. Marc. Thâ lower part of this River was called Ister Strab. puts the beginning of this Name at its Cataracts Ptol. at the Town Axiopolis Plin. where it arriveth at Illiricum Appian at the Confluence of it with the River Savus The greater Rivers received hereinto in Germany are the Iser Isara The Leck Lycus Inn. Aenus of Ptol. The Nab or Nabas and the Marckh or Moraus The Ems Germ. Amis Amusia Strab. Amisus Amasus Ptol. Plin. It ariseth in Westphalia near Paderborn and is disburthened into the German or British Ocean The Weser Visurgis Plin. Visurigis Ptol. Bisurgis Strab. Iturgis Ovid. hath its beginning in the Hilly Forrest of Duringer-Waldt passing by the Towns of Hamlen Minden and Bremen and having received the Fuld and the Aller floweth into the German Ocean the part towards the head is called Wierra Verra al. Wertz The Elbe Albis of Plin. Strab. c. riseth out of the Hill Risengebirg being part of the Sudatae incircling Bohemia and passing by the Towns of Dresden Wittenburg Meydburg it falleth into the German Ocean below Hambourg towards it beginning in Bohemia it is called the Labe. Greater Rivers which empty hereinto are the Muldaw Muldavia The Egra the Saltza Sala of Strab. The Spree Suevus of Ptol. Unto this River reached the Roman Discoveries and the French Conquests The Odor Odera Viadrus Ptol. This ariseth out of the Hill Oderberg near Olmuntz in Moravia passing by Breslaw Glogaw Francford and Stetin with the Rivers Neisse and Warta received thereinto it is disburdened into the Frisch-huff at the two Islands Vsedom and Vollin with three Mouths Pfyn Swine and Diuvenow and so into the East or Baltick Sea. The chief Mountains of Germany were the Abnobi Abnobae of Ptol. Plin. near the Heads of the River Danow and the Neccar now called Schwartz-wald by Scuto and Willychio Die Baar The Sudatae of Ptol. or Suditi Vandalici Montes Dioni are the Hills encircling Bohemia covered with the Woods Gabreta and Luna Wendenberg Fiechtilberg teste Baud. The Sarmatici Montes seem to be the same with Sevo of Solinus Plin. and Carpates of Ptol. between Poland and Hungary Now Crapack Tarczal Ben Munch Wartzgarten Biescid Scheneberg Snepesi Bies-sciady Russis Melibocus Mons Tatri Sclavis Hartzwaldt Pirkhermero Brockersberg Peucero By others Vogelsburg The Hilly Country of Hessen between Franconia and Turingia by B. Rhenano Carvancas are the Hilly Tracts of Tirol and Carinthia now Brenner Pyramio The Albanus of Ptol. Albius Strabo are the Mountains of Stiria now Schwanberger-Albn or Affder Alben Laz. The Baebi Montes Ptol. are the Crabaten or Krabaten Mount. in Croatia Cetius Mons seu Cesius Liv. Ptol. now Kalenberg or Halenberg in Austria continued a great length between the Danow and the Dra and distinguished into sundry particular Names of Schneberg Deubsperg Herieberg Hengsterberg or Heustperg Semering Plaitz The common bounds sometimes of the Countries Noricum and Pannonia The most famous Woods were the Hercyni Caes Tac. Plin. Hercina Claud. It began after Caesar at the Rhiin and the Confines of Helvetia and was continued Eastwards along the course of the Danube unto the Dacii in Transylvania containing then in breadth nine days journey in length more than sixty Parts and remainders of this Wood were all those vast Desarts and Forest of the Daci and Sarmatae whose parts are Martiana Silva were the Woods covering the Hills Abnobi and from their dark shades called Schwartzwald or the Black Wood. The Bacenis of Caesar the Semana Silva of Ptol. now Duringerwaldt or Silva Turingica upon the Borders of Bohemia towards Bavaria Gabreta Silva Ptol. now Behaimer-waldt or Silva Bohemica Mont. the Woods of the Mount Sudaetae towards the W. N. Luna Sylva are the Woods of the Sudetae towards Passaw and the South The Chorography of this great but Heterogeneous Country as was said is divided into many Estates and those Estates absolute or independent For the better Survey of which we will consider Germany in three great Parts Viz. First Germany about the Rhine Secondly Germany about the Danube and Thirdly Germany about the Elbe and Oder Let us begin with Germany about the Rhine and first with the Free County of Burgundy now the French County which is every where so fertile that it is called the Flower of France its chief places are Besancon Civitas Visontiensis Ant. Vesuntio Caesar Visontium Ptol. a fair City of good strength and a University an Archbishops See. 2. Dole Dola Sequanorum a Town of great Strength Riches and Beauty and Famous for its College of Jesuits besides here are numbred 20 Walled Towns and about 160 Lordships This Country was subject to the Princes of Austria of the House of Spain and under the Spanish Government Besancon excepted which was a Town Imperial and belonging immediately to the Empire But in the year 1668 the French King under the pretence of his Wifes Title with a surprizing swiftness conquered it in the midst of Winter in less than fifteen days one of the greatest actions that ever was performed It amazed all Europe and caused the Spaniard to quit their pretentions to the Crown of Portugal However the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle restored it again but first they dismantled all the strong Places and Holds and would have destroyed the rich Salts-pits had not the Interposition of England and Holland prevented but in the year 1674 Gray Wesoul and the loss of other places began the compleat Conquest of that Country by the taking of Besancon Dole Saline c. nor could the Duke of Lorrain and Count Caprara relieve it though they desperately engaged the Enemy at the Battel of Sieren North of Burgundy lyes the Principality or Dutchy of Lorrain Lotharingiâ Loâtheringen Lorreign the Duke whereof is a Prince of the Empire and the Country was reckoned a Feodatory thereof And by the Pyâânian Treaty the said Duke was to be restored to his Dutchy of Lorrain with all the places and Towns which hâ had possessed in Mentz âaul and Verdun surprized by Henry the Second King of France and since But France after several new pretencâs and quarrels in 1663 Invested Marsal by the Count of Gâiche the delivery of which by the Duke of Lorrain tho it calmed the tempest yet after continual Incroachments upon his Jurisdiction
store of Cattel which make Cheese and Butter plentiful Of the UNITED PROVINCES Or Dutch Republique The Vnited PROVINCES Vulgo HOLLAND by Robert Morden THE Vnited Provinces are so called because of the Union which they made together in the Year 1579. They are Seated toward the end of the two Rivers the Rhine and the Meuse in the Northern part of the Low-Countries between the Dominions of the King of Spain in Flanders and many principalities of the Empire The Princes of the Empire which are Neighbours to them are the Duke of Newburgh in his Dutchy of Juliers the Elector of Brandenburgh in his Dukedom of Cleves the Elector of Cologn the Bishop of Munster the Count of Bentheim and the Prince of East-Freezlande in the Territories of the same Name The Vnited Provinces which formerly acknowledged the King of Spain afterwards became Independent or to speak more properly so many Commonwealths of themselves which yet all together make up but one Republique ânder the Title of The Vnited Provinces of the Low-Countries so that the Dignity remains with the States-General but the Absolute Authority in Matters excepted in the Alliance abides in the States of every Prââince The Arms of this Commonwealth is a Lion holding a Bundle of seven Arrows close tyed together in allusion to so many Provinces Confederated by the same Alliaââe And yet these Provinces have not been always so well United but that they have sometimes rather ââsembled a Body with so many Heads some of which looked one way and some another There is no Dominion in the World of so small an Extânt that has so great a number of Fortresses and which seems to be better Defended by the Natural Situation of the Country it self for it is Fortified by the Sea and several Rivers that is to say the Rhine the Meusâ the Waal the Issel c. Besides the Vnited Provinces and the Territories belonging to them the States have certain Towns in Brabant and Flanders They have in Flanders the Sleuce Middleburgh Ardemburgh the Sass of Gaunt Axel and Hulst In Brabant Lille Bergen-Opzoom Breda Boisleduc and Grave They had also Dalem and Fauquemont in the Dutchy of Limburgh and Maestricht in the Bishoprick of Liege but those places have been won from them by the King of France only Maestricht is restored and at this present in their possession In Germany they had upon the Rhine Orsoy Wesel Reez Emeric and Genep in the Dutchy of Cleves and Rhineberg in the Electorate of Cologne But those places are returned to their right Owners Upon the edg of Westphalia they have a Garison in Embden and in the Forts of Fideler and Leer-ort which belongs to the Prince of East-Friesland Of these Vnited Provinces four lye toward the West Holland Zeland Vtrech Guelderland and Zutphen Three to the East Overyssel Friesland and Groningen In their Assemblies these Provinces have always given their Voices in this Method Guelders and Zutphen first then Holland Zeland Vtrech Friesland Over-Yssel and lastly Groningen with the Ommelands Each Province sends their Deputies to the Hague where they compose three Colledges or Assemblies the States-General the Council of State and the Chamber of Accompts In the Assemblies of the States-General it behoves all the Provinces to give their Consent in general and particular to the Resolutions there taken there being no such thing among them as Plurality of Voices Gueldres takes place first as being the Eldest and because her Plenipotentiaries first propos'd the Union The Admiralty sits in five places and has five Magazines at Roterdam Amsterdam Horn or Enchysen Middleburgh and Harlinghen the three first in Holland the fourth in Zeland and the fifth in Friesland The Earldom of Holland and Zeland together with the Neighbouring Country of VVest-Frisia was given unto Theodoric Son to Sâgebert Prince of Aquitania by the Emâeror Charles the Bald. By Arnulph their fourth Prince quitting the French Allegiance they were first made subject to the Soveraigntâ of the German Emperors In John the Second became added to the House of Hainalt In William the Third to the House of Bavaria In Philip the Good to that of Burgundy In Philip the Second to that of Austria In whose reign after forty years War they were acknowledged a Free Estate by his Son Philip the Third The Province of Holland is of most Power and Consideration as giving Name to all the rest It is Situate very low and therefore fenced with Banks and Ramparts to keep out the Sea it is also fenny and full of Marshes and therefore trenched with innumerable Dikes and Channels to make it fit for Dwelling Remarkable indeed is the Industry and Trade of the Inhabitants that having little or no Corn yet they are always provided not only with sufficient for their own Use but to supply their Neighbours Having no Timber of their own they spend more in Building of Ships and fencing their Water-courses than any other Country And having no Flax or Wool they make more Cloth of both sorts than all the Countries in Europe except England and France The whole compass of this Earldom is not above 180 miles but in breadth no where above three hours Journey from the Sea It contains 23 Walled Towns and 400 Villages the chief whereof are 1. Amsterdam Situate on the Lake or Sea called Tie and the Dike or Channel called Amstel in Latin Amstelodamum Amsterodamum built upon Piles like Venice and by the late Addition of the new to the old may now vie with the richest and fairest Cities of the World âamous for its great Trade to the utmost parts of the Earth and as ãâã to some for its Toleration of all Religions 'T is the Market or Shop where the Rarities and Commodities of all Countries are exposed to Sale. Dort Dordracum Situated upon four Rivers hath the first Voice as the Town where the Earls of Holland and their Subjects reciprocally bound themselves each to another There it is that they Coin their Money and their Magistrates have the Privilege to go with one of their Guards In the Year 1421 of a City upon the Continent it became an Island through a most Dreadful Inundation that Drowned about 100000 People and 80 Villages pleasant and large Harlem Harlemum is the place where they make their finest Linnen Cloth and the whitest in the whole Province Famous for the Invention of Printing by Lawrence Jans and its Inhabitants for breaking the Pelasian Chain The Duke of Alva having taken it committed very great acts of Bloody Cruelty therein Delpht Delphi Delft is the Burying-place of the Princes of Orange and of great Trade for Cloathing famous for the Story of the Storks who covering their young ones in the fire-time all perished in the Flames and infamous for the Birth of David George who called himself King and Christ who died in 1556 at Basil and three years after his Bones were taken up and burnt Leyden Luddunum Batavorum is the Eye or as others will have
it the Garden of Holland as well for the cleanness of their Streets as the beauty of their Houses It is also famous for its Antiquity for its Library and the Excellent Edition of Books there Printed as also for the entire Defeat of the Spanish Army In this City was born that Taylor who to his ruin was made King of the Anabaptists in Munster Goude Gouda has this Advantage to be Situated among Springs and where the Inhabitants enjoy the purest Air in all Holland Rotterdam Roterodamum the place where Erasmus was Born is the best of the twelve Cities which they call small ones by reason of its great Trade upon the Meuse The Hague Haga Comitis St. Gravenhage la Hage which is the Residence of the States General is not a Burrough-Town but a Village the best Built and as delightful a place as most in the World. The Texel Texelia is a Port to the North. Famous for its Harbour The Brill Briela has the same Advantage towards the South in the Island of Voorn the rest of the Coast is all Sands with some small Shelter for Fisher-boats with the Islands Over-flac and Gorre There is also the rich and daily Butter and Cheese-Market Gorkum Gorichemum on the Wale a strong place and one of the Keys of Holland The fair and commodious Haven Schonhoven Schonhovia The strong and rich Goude Gouda Oudwater c. Elstein on the Yssel or Fossa Drusiana al. Itala with their Cables Cordage and other Trade The Butter and Cheese-Town Alkmear in the Marches Memorable for the defeat the Inhabitants gave Tâ Alva meerly because he gave them no way to escape Important Enchusen or the Zuder Sea good and Rich Havens Horn and Edam Famous for Ships and Cheese and the Sea Nymph that learned to spin Zeland Zelandia is the Province which was first set at Liberty and last consented to the Peace with Spain At this day it contains the greatest part of the Prince of Oranges Possession That of Vacheren Walachria in the Map contains ten Dutch miles in compass is the fairest of all in the Low-Countries with the City of Middleburgh the Capital City of the Province and the Staple for Wines a strâââ and large Empory Flushing Flissinga the Key of the Netherlands is ãâã a good Harbour Once an English Garison and a Cautionary Town where the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney was the first Governour and died in that Service The strong Sea-Town Vere Veria having many Staples for Herring and other Commodities Famous for the most Noble and Illustrious Family of the Veres now Earls of Oxford The second Island is Schouwen Scaldia in the Map 2. containing six miles in Circuit its chief Town is Zerick-Zee noted for Madder and Salt and Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen here was first invented the marting of Herrings The third is Zuiit-Bevetland in the Map 3 whose only Town of note is Goes The fourth is Duueland or Duyueland named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no Town of Note but is memorable for the bold passage of the Spaniards under Mondragon cross the Sea in the year 1575. and for that in the year 1520. it was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters Tolen is an Island so called from a Town of that Name divided from Brabrant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more ancient Inhabitants of these Islands were the Mattiaci of Tacitus They contain in all 8 Walled Towns and about 100 Villages The Country is low flat and Marshy rich in Corn and Pasturage unhealthful and subject to Inundations being kept in and defended from the Sea by Banks The Bishoprick or Lordship of Vtretcht Vtricesium Amm. was first occasioned by one Willebrod an English man the Apostle of those parts and first Bishop hereof about the year 611. during the Regency of Pepin the Fat. The Successors of this Willibrod by the Liberality of the French Kings and German Emperors attained unto as well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurisdiction together with that of Overyssel unto Charles the Fifth by the consent of Henry Count Palatine then Bishop seized upon the whole Temporal Dominion hereof leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates which also since by the Usurpation of the States hath likewise been taken from them It has a Capital City of the same Name Inhabitd for the most part by the Nobility of the Country first called Inferius Trajectum or Vltrajectum Vtricesium Amm. There is also the Thorow-fare Rhenen the fair and strong Amersfort the Frontier-Town Montfort Wick de Duerstede the Batavodurum of Tac. Ptol. They reckon about Vtrecht 56 Cities to the farthest whereof you may go by Water from Vtrecht in one day Guelders Gueldria Guelders was first founded by two Brothers Wickard and Luppola first made Guardians of the Country by the Inhabitants in the reign of the Emperor Charles the Bald. It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third made a Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria After the decease of Charles of Egmond the last Duke by composition between him and Charles the Fifth Emperor this Province with the Earldom of Zutphen united for a long time in the House of the Dukes of Gelderland descended upon the Emperor Charles the Fifth and added by him to his other Provinces of the Netherlands under Philip the Second the greatest part shoke off the Spanish yoak and now with Zutphen Governed in manner of a Free Estate confederated with the rest of the United Provinces a third part of Golderland excepted where stands the Towns of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Stralo and Grol remaining yet subject to the Arch-Dutchess or Spaniards who in the year 1627. attempted in vain to bring the Rhine to the City of Gueldria and into the Meuse to deprive the Vnited Provinces of the Trade of Germany Nimmegen Noviomagus al. Neomagus the Capital City of the Dutchy of Gueldria Founded by Magus King of the Gauls taken by Prince Maurice in the year 1592. Opposite to it is that Fort Knotsenburg large Built by the States in the Quarter of Batavia where the Ancient Batavians Inhabited Arnheim Arenacum in the Veluwe the third Capital City of Guelders and the Ordinary Residence of the Dukes thereof The Town and Country of Culemberg The strong and Martial Venlo Venloa The Natural and Artificial Fortified Ruremond Ruremunda The strong and encompassed Frontier Bommel Bommelia the Fort Voorn and Crevecour making it Impregnable The Province of Zutphen bears the same Name with the Capital City and passes sometimes for a fourth part of the Dutchy of Gelders having no Voice in the Assembly of the States-General but only conjoyned with this Dutchy In the Siege of which was slain that Honour of Chivalry and Mirrour of Learning Sir Philip Sidney In this Province also stands Groll Grolla and eight or nine small Cities more In Over-Issel Trans Issallania so called from its Situation beyond the Issel where the Rhine and that share their Streams together by means
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâr of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aââenne By ââe Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillârium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâon Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
by force in the year 1635. by the French and Hollanders Niville is made Remarkable by her Canonesses for the fine Linnen-cloth made there and for the fair High-ways round about it Breda and Boisleduc by the Dutch Hertogenbosch Busium Ducis belong to the States-General of the Vnited Provinces as also Bergen-opzoom and Grave Bergen-opzoom is famous for the notable resistance it made to Spinola 1622. All these places are very strong and Boisleduc is so Naturally as well as Artificially Fortified by reason of its Marshes that before it was taken it was thought impregnable It belonged to the Family of Nassaw a strong Town of War after a stout long and resolute Siege taken in by the Arch-Dutchess Isabella afterwards retaken by a few venturous Gentlâmen who hiding themselves in a Boat covered with Turf were conveyed into the Castle which they mastered and the next day made the Prince of Orange Lord of it again The Brabanders claim a Privilegâ to debate of nothing out of the Limits of their Country of whom Eâasmus's Proverb was Brabante quo magis senescunt eo magis stultescunt The Marquisate of the Holy Empire derives its Name from its Situation lying upon the Ancient Bounds of France and the Empire and whither the Emperors were wont to send Governours which they called Marquesses There is only the City of Antwerp in it Atuacutum Aduatacum Jou Becano Andoverpum al. Antuerpia Antwerpen incolis Antwerp Ang. Anveres Hisp Anvers Gal. Antorfi Germ. Anversa Italiâ One of the fairest and most pleasant Cities in all the Low-Countries for which Reason Charles the First called it his Holy-day City The Importance of the Situation hath caused it to be strongly fortified with ten great Bastions and one of the strongest Cittadels in Europe flank'd with five great Bastions lined with Brick and Free-stone This Cittadel was Built toward the highest part of the River that it might command the City and be succoured from that part of the Country which was Subject to its Prince The Duke of Alva who Built the Cittadel caused his Statue to be set up which was afterwards taken down The Jesuits in Antwerp have a Church Built all of Marble which is said to be the fairest which they have in the World. Formerly this City has been reckoned to have contained above 200000 Persons and to have had above 2500 Ships upon the Scheld But she has lost much of her Trade and Grandeur ever since the Dutch became Masters of the Entrance into her River There is also in Brabant the Dukedom of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergen-opzoom the Earldoms of Hoochstraten and Megen the Baronies of Breda Diest and Grimbergen Malines is the Residence of the Parliament of the Catholick Provinces of the King of Spain Her Territories are very small consisting of about nine Villages yet making one of the 17 Provinces And it is Reported that the Women of Malines when they are ready to Lye-in go into Brabant to be brought to Bed to the end their Children may enjoy the Privileges of the Brabanders Namur Namurcum is a Town of consequence by reason of the passage over the Meuse in that part where the Sambre falls into her Marble Slate and Sea-coal are thence Transported Charleroy Carolo-regium upon the Sambre is one of the best Fortresses of the Low-Countries since it fell into the hands of the French restored by the Treaty of Nimeguen to the Spaniards Limburgh Limburgum has only the Town of the same Name which is of any Remarque with a strong Castle upon a Rock taken by the French King in the year 1675. Walkemburg Falcoburgium and Dalem two Earldoms are part of this Dutchy The Country of Liege belongs to its Bishop to whom the Inhabitants formerly gave the Title of Grace He is Elected by the Chapter who formerly Resided at Tongres or Tongeren Civitas Tungrorum Ptol. Advatuca Tongrorum Here flourished in the time of the Romans an ancient Bishops See after the Invasion and spoil by Atilas and the Huns by whom the Town was sacked and destroyed in the year 498. It was removed by St. Savatius to Maestreich afterwards in the year 713. by St. Hubert it was removed to Luick or Leidg where now it resteth The Bishoprick is of a large Extent and has many places within the Limits of the Neighbouring Provinces Leige Leodicum Leodâum is a City of Trade and as they say the Paradise of the Ecclesiasticks It is Remarkable that in the year 1131. there were among the Canons of the Cathedral Church nine Sons of Kings 14 Sons of Dukes 29 Sons of Earls and 7 Sons of Barons The Elector of Cologne Prince thereof caused a Cittadel to be Built there The Cathedal of Liege beareth the Name of St. Lambert who was Bishop of Maestrich murthered by Dodo c. about the year 622. The Cittadel standeth upon a Hill and is of great strength built to keep the City in subjection since the year 1649. Maestreich for its Fortifications and the famous Sieges which have been laid to it in that of 1673. the English signalized their Valour under the Conduct of the Duke of Monmouth The Treaty of Nâmiguen restored it to the Dutch who now possess it The Quarry of Stone about a quarter of a mile from the Town is one of the noblest in the World far surpassing the Cave of Custoza or Cubola said to be 500 fathoms in breadth and 700 in length This is two miles in length under ground high and stately no Labyrinth can be contrived more intricate and yet all parts uniform The Spa is a neat Village in the Forest of Ardenna seated in a Bottom encompassed with Hills A place which for the vertue of its Miniral Springs is as famous as beneficial to Mankind Maestreich Trajectum ad Mosam is composed of two Towns Maestreich that formerly was said to belong to the Duke of Brabant and Wick that was an Appurtenance to the Bishop of Leige's Territories Cambreses now almost environed by the Territories of France The City of Cambray Cameracum by the Dutch Camarick has two good Cittadels the Guard whereof was seldom committed to any other than Natural Spaniards There is a Sun-Dial of singular Workmanship wrought by a Shepherd It is a Town which in times of Peace yearly exposed to Sale above 60000 Pieces of fine Cloth. It was taken by the French at the beginning of the Year 1677 though before the Kings of Spain uncontradicted by the Emperor did appropriate to themselves the Temporal Jurisdiction of Cambray as being of the same Nation and the Arch-Bishops thereof in vain sollicited for their re-establishment Those Prelates were called Arch-Bishops and Dukes of Cambray Earls of Cambresis and Princes of the Holy Empire though generally they neither had Seat or Voice in their Diets The Extent of these Provinces is but small but it is one of the best peopled and Richest spots of Ground in the World more wholsome than formerly towards Germany Hilly and Woody as we have
said but towards the Sea generally fertile and full of Pasturage The Principal Rivers of the 17 Provinces are the Rhine the Meuse and the Scheld The Rhine rises in Switzerland running chiefly through Germany After it has divided it self at Fort Schenk as it enters into the Low-Countries it mixes with several other Rivers and loseth its Name in the Sand a little below Leyden in Holland The Meuse which falls out of France and Lorrain has this Advantage above the Rhine that she retains her Name and preserves her Waters unmix'd till she fall into the Ocean where she makes several good Ports The Scheld was formerly the Limits between France and the Empire in the time of Charles the Bald. At Gaunt the Lis a Navigable River falls into it and before it wholly loseth its Name it divides it self into two principal Arms of which the Left which they call the Hout and the Right which flows to Tolen falls into the Meuse Besides these Rivers and those that fall into them there are Cuts Channels and Marshes which serve the Inhabitants both for Traffique and Defence Of France FRANCE FRance Anglis Francia Italis Hispanis Franckreich Germanis Alfrangua Turcis Gallia Caes Plin. c. The first Inhabitants of France were the Ancient Gauls who passing the Alps under the Conduct of Bellovesus Conquered the nearest parts of Italy called Gallia Cisalpina and under that of Segovesus over-ran the greatest part of Germany The same Nation under the Command of Brennus discomfited the Romans at the River Allia sacked the City and Besieged the Capitol These were the Men who ransacked Illyricum Pannonia Thrace and Greece and Plundered the Temple of Delphos But at last were totally subdued by Julius Caesar but not without much difficulty for they did not then sell their Liberty at so cheap a rate as other Nations did 1192000 of them being slain before they would submit to the Roman Yoak by whom the Country was divided into four parts viz. Narbonensis or Bracata containing Languedoc Dolphin and part of Savoy 2. Aquitanica from the City Aqua Augusta now D' Acque comprehending Gascoign Guienne Saintonge Limosin Querci Perigort Berry Bourbonnois and Aurergne 3. Celtica containing the Provinces of Bretagne Normandy Anjou Tourain Maine La Beause the Isle of France part of Champagne the Dukedom of Burgundy and the County of Lionoise 4. Belgica containing Picardy the remainder of Champagne Burgundy and the Spanish Netherlands Long it stood not in this state for about the year 400 Honorius being Emperour the Goths having over-run Spain and Italy sent part of their Forces and subdued Gallia Narbonensis calling it Langue de Goth afterwards corruptly Languedoc Then extending their Conquest unto the River Ligeris now Loire they founded a Kingdom the principal Seat whereof was at Tholouse About the same time the Burgundiones or Burgundians a people that Inhabited part of the Country of the Cassubii and part of the Country of the Marquisate of Brandenburg together with the Vandalls and Sueths seized upon other parts of France and constituted a Kingdom called Burgundy comprehending both the County and Dutchy of Burgundy the County of Lionoise Daulphine Savoy and Provence whose chief City was Arelate now Arles About the same time also the Franks a German Nation having passed the Rhine seized upon the adjacent Territories of France where founding a Monarchy under their first King Pharamond al. Waramond gave it the Name of France France lies excellently compact together between the most Flourishing States of Christendom and in the middle of the Northern Temperate Zone where the Inhabitants breathe a most serene and healthy Air. In short it is Rich Fertile and well Peopled there being reckoned in it about 4000 good Towns and Cities It s Length from Calais to Toulon is about 620 miles 73 to a degree the Breadth from Brest to the Borders of Lorrain or from Baione to Nice in Piedmont is not more than 492 miles I well know all other Authors falsely makes it much more Most of her Cities are equal to Provinces and most of her Provinces are equal to Kingdoms Her Corn her Wine her Salt her Linnen Cloth her Paper and several Manufactures inrich the Inhabitants The Limits and Bounds of this Kingdom have been various at present saith a French Geographer the Kings Conquests cannot be bounded dâdâ not by the Rhine nor by the Ocean nor by the Pyreneans nor by the Alps. And those that are not altogether strangers to the world will acknowledg that of all the Kingdoms of Europe there are none but may be said to be inferior to France in some respect or other The greatness of its Territories the populousness of iâ the number of their Nobility and Gentry their natural Courage with the advantage of their Military Actions and Warlike Exercises the Situation of their Country the fruitfulness and riches of the Soil the prodigious quantity of all Commodities and Manufactures and the great Revenues of their Kings These Advantages have in all Ages raised in them aspiring thoughts of the Erection of a new Western Empire And how far this present King has gone by his Acquisitions of late years the rest of the Princes of Europe may consider of The Kingdom is Hereditary and by an Ancient Constitution as they pretend called the Salique Law never falls into a Female Succession And by the Law of Apennages the younger Sons of the King cannot have partage with the Elder The King 's Eldest Son is called the Dauphin The Monarchy which has stood ever since the year 420 hath been upheld by the three Royal Races of Marovinian Carolinian and Capetine in a Line of 65 Kings Pepin the short Son of Charles Martel deposed Childerick the last of the Merovignian Line the Pope approving and confirming of it About the 918 Hugh Capet Earl of Paris outed the Caroline Family Since this Capetine Race has gone in three Families first in a direct Line till 1328. then in the House of Valois till Henry the Fourth of the House of Bourbon Anno 1589. Among other Titles the King hath that of Most Christian and Eldest Son of the Church bestowed upon him by the Pope The Arms have been Three Flower-de-luces Azure in a Field Or ever since Charles the Sixth The Christian Religion was here first planted by Martialis among the Gauls but among the French by Remigius in the time of Clovis the Great At present the people are divided some following the Roman others the Reformed Religion which have occasioned two several Massacres viz. that of Merindol and Chabrieres 1545. upon the Borders of France and Savoy the other that at Paris 1572. and now this late Persecution The Kingdom is composed of three Orders or Estates the Clergy the Nobility and Commons There are 16 Arch-Bishops 106 Bishops besides those of Arras Tournay and Perpignan 16 Abbats Heads of Orders or Congregations about 50000 Curateships besides many other Ecclesiastical Dignities Several general and particular Governments 12 Ancient
Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebânna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâc Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liânnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâuraine and Anjâu above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bârry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâsin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâc is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
Toledo Burgos Compostella Sevil Granada Valencia Sarrogossa and Tarragon There are several very considerable Sea-Ports Passagio St. Andrews Coruna Cadiz Cartagena Alicant c. Biscaie formerly called Cantabria is Mountainous and Woody which furnish them with Timber to build more Ships than all the Provinces of Spain besides It hath also so great a Number of Mines and Iron Forges that the Spaniards call it the Defence of Castile and the Armory of Spain The Biscayners who were the Ancient Cantabrians enjoy very great Privileges and boast themselves never to have been thoroughly Conquered either by the Romans Carthaginians Goths or Moors They use a different Language from that of the other Inhabitants of the Country and is said to be the ancient Language of Spain for as they remained in their Liberties not Mastered so in their Language not altered They differ from the rest of Spain also in Customs yielding their Bodies but not their Purses to the King not suffering any Bishop to come amongst them and causing their Women to drink first because Ogno a Countess would have poysoned her Son Sancho The Land as well as in the Country of Guipuscoa is very well Tilled for they pay neither Tax nor Tenth nor Right of Entry Their chief Cities are Bilboa and St. Sebastian places of great Trade especially in Wool Iron Chesnuts and Bilboa Blades Great Vessels cannot come near Bilboa being seated two miles from the Ocean but upon a High tide It was built or reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Flaviobriga of Ptol. by Diego de Harro 1300. The Port of St. Sebastian has a very fair Entrance being Defended by two Castles the one toward the East seated high the other to the West upon a low Rock St. Andero and Passagio are two Excellent Ports Fuentarabia the stronger place and further Town in Spain and Guataria the Native place of Sebastian Cabot who was the first that compassed the World in the Ship called the Victory Magellanus who went Chief in that Expedition perishing in the Action Laredo Portus Lauretanus hath a spacious Bay. Placenza upon the River Denia is inhabited by Blacksmiths Tolosa upon the Orio River Asturia called by some the Kingdom of Oviedo is the Title of the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Spain being called Princes of Asturia The younger Children whereof are called Infants ever since the Reign of John the First Hence were the small but swift Horses which the Romans called Asturcones the English Hobbies It was the Retreating place of the Kings of the Goths and several of the Bishops during the Invasion of the Moors for which Reason Oviedo Lucum Asturum of Ptol. Ovetum the Capital City thereof is called the City of Kings and Bishops and indeed gave Title to the first Christian Kings after the Moorish Conquest for as the Lust of Roderick a Gothish King of Spain first brought in the Moors so the Lust of Magnutza a Moorish Viceroy proved the overthrow and loss of the Kingdom Other Towns are Aviles on the Sea-shore near Cape de los Penas of old Scythium Prom. Galicia is not so fertile as well Peopled its former Inhabitants were the Gallaici whence it had its Name St. Jago Compostella which Bishoprick and University is there Famous for the Pilgrimages which are thither made by those that go to Visit the Reliques of St. James the Spaniards Patron Coruna by the English the Groine is often mentioned in our Spanish Wars in Queen Elizabeths days The Flavium Brigantium of Ptol. Brigantium of Ant. Strong and the chief Bulwark of Galitia is memorable for the goodness and largeness of her Port The Rich Silver Fleet of above thirty Millions put in there in the year 1661 to avoid the English who to surprize it had way-laid all the Points of the Compass to Cadiz Lugo is the Lucus Augusti of Ptol. and Ant. the Lucus of Plin. now a Bishops See. Orense is the Aquae Calida of Ptol. the Aqua Caleniae of Ant. a Bishops See. Tuy is the Tude of Ptol. Tyde Plin. a Bishops See. There are about forty other Ports in this Province of which Rivadeo Ponte Vedra Bajona are the most considerable Andaluzia formerly Vandalitia from the Vandals By Pliny Conventus Cordubensis is so fair a Country and so plentiful in Corn in Wine and Olives that it passes for the Granary and Magazine of the Kingdom Sevil in this Province is the Magazine of the Wealth of the New World. The Hispalis of Strab. Ptol. and Plin. It is in compass six miles compassed with stately Walls and adorned with no less Magnificent Buildings insomuch that there is a Spanish Proverb Chi non ha Vista Sevilla non ha Vista Meravilla He that at Sevil hath not been Structure's Wonder hath not seen The River Baetis or Gaudelquiver separates it into two parts which are joined together by a stately Bridge from hence the Spaniards set forth their West-India-Fleets and hither they return to unload the Riches of the Western World. It is Dignified with an University wherein studied Avicen the Moor Pope Silvester the Second here also were two Provincial Councils held Anno 584 and 636. and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Metropolitant of Andaluzia and the fortunate Islands Here was Isodore Bishop From hence comes our Sevil Oranges and here lies the Body of Christopher Columbus Famous for his Discovery of the New World. Not far from hence are to be seen the Reliques of the Italica of Strab. Ptol. and Ant. the Ilipa Italica Plin. the Country of the Emperors Trajan and Adrian now an obscure Village about a League East from Sevil. Cordova that Honoured Antiquity with Lucan and the two Seneca's and was more considerable in the time of the Moors than now The Principal Church was formerly one of the biggest Mosques among the Muhumetans next to that of Mecca Corduba of Strab. Ptol. and Mela a famous Colony of the Romans and Head of a particular Kingdom so called now a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition for this Province Jaen is the Oningis or Oringis of Livi teste Moral taken by Scipio Africanus from the Carthaginians Ecya is the Astigi of Plin. Astygis of Ptol. the Astrapa of Liv. taken by Lucius Martius or rather destroyed by the Inhabitants read Sir W. Rawleigh fol. 744. Iliturgis Ptol. Ilurgis Illiturgis Plin. Iliturgi Liv. Lietor teste Marian Aldea el rio Car. Clusio Andujar Floriano Andujur el viejo Amh. Moral Castulo Ant. Castulon Ptol. Plin. Castaon Strab. Caslono Car Clusio Caslona la voja Florian. between Alcazar and Baeza seated on the Guadelquiver not on the Ana as Heylin saith which being under the Romans was surprized by the Gerasenis but slain by Sertorius entring after them at the same Gate built 100 years before the War of Troy teste Mariana Here Hanibal is said to have took his Wife Himilce and was one of the last Towns that held out for the Carthaginians the chief City of the
Oritani seated upon an high Mountain rather in New Castile than in Andaluzia near Vbeda St. Lucar at the mouth of the Guadalquiver is a Town of great Trade the West-India Gold and Silver Plate has sometimes stop'd at the Tower of the Port which is called the Golden Tower but generally that Fleet puts in at Cadiz or Port St. Maries which is near to it Xeres de la Fontera stands not far from that place where the Moors totally Defeated the Goths in the year 714 after which they harassed all Spain without controul and from hence come our Sherry-Sacks The Acta Regia of Strab. Plin. the Asta of Ptol. Ant. Medina Sidonia the Asindum of Ptol. Asido Caesariana of Plin. whose Duke was General of the Invincible Armado 1588. Tariffa was so called from Tariff General of the Moors in their first Spanish Invasion which Lodovicus Nonius thinks to have been the Famous Tartessus of Hârod Strab. and other Authors rich in Gold and Silver and visited by the continual Fleets of the Tyrian Merchants and by the Phocensis in the Reign of Arganthonius a little before their Expugnation by Cyrus and by some thought to be the same with that Tharsis from whence Solomon's Ships did fetch his Gold for the Temple at Jerusalem Some makes this the same with the Carteia of Mela Ptol. Plin. Cartha of Ovid Cartaea of Steph. as Curio Mariana and Becan but Moralus will have Cartheja or Carteja to be Algezira whose position now is alike uncertain but both seems to me to be the Gibal Tariff of the Arab. or Gibralter Gibralter which now gives a Name to the Famous Streight which joyns the Ocean and the Mediterranean and parts Europe from Africa called by the Ancients Fretum Herculeum Gaditanum Tartessiacum now Estrecho de Gibralter Hispanis This Streight is in length 36 miles from Cape Trafalger to Gibralter in breadth at the Entrance 18 miles at the narrowest place about 7 English miles Pales is the Port from whence Columbus first Embarqued upon his Intentions of a New Discovery And Cadiz Cales Angl. Batavis Cadice Ital. Gades Caes Plin. Mela Gadira Ptol. Erythia Tartessos Strab. Continusa Dionys Is the Harbour of the Rich Plate-Fleets a Port so Important that Charles the Fifth Recommended the conservation thereof in a special manner to his Son Philip the Second Antiquity there shews us the Foot-steps of a Temple Dedicated to Hercules with two Columns either of Copper or Silver which the Natives aver to be the Pillars of that Hero as well as the two Mountains upon each side of the Streights of Gibralter they Report that in this Temple it was that Julius Caesar wept when he called to mind the Prodigious Conquests which Alexander the Great had gain'd at the Age of three and thirty Years the consideration whereof carried him to those High Enterprises as Scipio was incited by the Actions of Zenophon's Cyrus The Kingdom of Granada under the last Kings of the Moors who lost it in the Year 1491. was far more Rich and better Peopled than it is at this day It was also much more Fertile for the Moors had a thousand Inventions to water their Lands by means of Cuts and Trenches bringing the Water from great Reservatories which they made in the Mountains which are called Montes d'los Alpayaras olim Alpuxarras The Situation of this Kingdom and the Position of the Towns agrees with the Relation or Description which Julius Caesar has made The City which bears its Name Granatum al. Granado is the biggest in all Spain its Buildings are of Free-stone Fenced about with a strong Wall on which are 130 Turrets and it hath 12 Gates It is very pleasant Dwelling there by reason of the pureness of the Air and plenty of Fountains the Moors placing Paradise in that part of Heaven which is the particular Zenith of this place Malaga Malaca Ptol. Strab. Mel. Ant. a strong Town and Bishops See. Velez Malaga is the Sex of Ptol. Sexitanum Ant. Sexi Firmum Julium Plin. Is Famous for the Excellency of its Wines and Raisins Munda is Notable for Julius Caesar's Victory over Pompey's Sons For near unto this place in a Wood was fought that notable and last Battel between Caesar and Pompey's Sons the Honour of the day fell to Caesar though not without great loss In other Battels he used to say he fought for Honour in this for his Life which not long after he lost being murthered in the Senate-House Almeria is the Abdara Ptol. Abdera Mela founded by the Tyrians Strab. by the Carthaginians Plin. Antiquera is the Singilia Plin. Alhama the Artigis of Ptol. noted for its Medicinable Baths Gaudix is a Bishops See. Loxa enjoys a pleasant Situation Muxacra is thought to be the Murgis of Ptol. Plin. Huesca the Osca of Ptol. Vera the Vergao of Plin. Murcia is said to be the Garden of Spain by reason of the plenty of Excellent Fruits in those parts and so abounding in Silver Mines that the Romans kept 400 men at work The City also that bears its name the Menralia of Ptol. drives a great Trade in Silk Cartagena built by Asdrubal of Carthage Father of the Great Hannibal and taken in the second Punick War by Scipio Africanus twice sacked and razed by the Barbarous Goths and Vandals re-edified and fortified by Philip the Second King of Spain Is a good Sea-Port a safe and large Harbour Caravaca affords the wood for the Cross to which the Spaniards attribute a power to preserve men from Thunder Valencia is the most delightful Country of all Spain The City besides the name of the Province bears the name of Fair and Great Valencia An Arch-Bishops See the Valentia of Ptol. Plin. c. seated not far from the mouth of the River Durias by Mela Turium Plin. Turia Turias by others now Guadalaviar Clusio A University where studied St. Dominick the Father of the Dominicans Here were born under contrary Stars Ludovicus Vives and Pope Alexander the VI. Cullera a Sea-Town at the mouth of the River Xucar formerly Sacron after the name of the River and is famous in Plutarch for the Victory of Sertorius against Pompey Denia Dianicum of Ptol. Strab. Plin. and Solin gives Title to the Marquess of Denia since Created Duke of Lerma Alicant is known by the good Wines which are Transported from thence Upon the Sea-shore at a place called Morvedra are to be seen the Ruins of the Antient Saguntum of Polyh the destruction whereof by Hannibal occasioned the second Punick War. A Town so faithful to the Romans that the Inhabitants chose rather to burn themselves than yield to Hannibal Founded by the Zachynthians Here is also the Promontory Ferraria of Mela. Artemisum Strab. Dianium Cic. Plin. Ptol. Puncia del Emperador or Attemuz teste Beuth. now Cabo Martin the refuge of Sertorius in his Wars against Metellus and Pompey Laurigi teste J. Mariana is the Lauro or Lauron of Plutarch the
delicious part and so well Peopled that for 18 Leagues in Length and 12 in breadth it contains above 130 Monasteries well endow'd 1460 Parishes 5000 Fountains of Spring-water two hundred Stone-Bridges and six Sea-Ports some call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain Porto by the Dutch and by the English Port a Port a City containing about 4000 Houses is a place of great Trade and Braga Braecaria Augusta of Ptol. Bracara of Ant. and Braecae of Plia is renown'd for the several Councils that have been held there and for the pretension of the Arch-Bishop who claims to be Arch-Bishop of all Trales-Montes is stored with Mines and adorn'd with the City of Braganca the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue wherein there are also fifty little Towns and other Lands which Entitle the Duke of Braganca to be three times a Marquis seven times an Earl and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name who are now in Possession of the Crown usually Resided at Villa Viciosa and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain to sit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain Beyra is fertile in Rye Millet Apples and Chesnuts Her City of Coimbra formerly the Residence of Alphonsus the first King of Portugal who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince since the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to faith Heylin Sapores the Son of Misdales King of Persia whose Father dying left his Mother with Child and the Persian Nobility set the Crown on his Mothers Belly before she was quick came short of him by two years is famous for the University and for the Bishoprick which is reckon'd to be worth above a hundred thousand Livres of Annual Rent Estremadura produces Wine Oyl Salt and Honey which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Roses her City of Lisbon Oliosippon of Ptol. Olisipon of Ant. Olysippo of Solynus and Olysipo of Pliny a Municipium of the Romans sirnamed Faelicitas Julia the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal an Arch-Bishops Sea the Residence of the Vice-Roys a flourishing Empory situated upon five rising Hills upon the right Shore of the River Tagus Tajo incolis about 5 Miles from the Ocean having the advantage of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. It is said to contain 32 Parish-Churches 350 Streets 11000 dwelling Houses 160000 Inhabitants besides Church-men Strangers and Courtiers and with the Suburbs about 7 Miles in compass the Capital City of all the Kingdom one of the fairest richest the biggest and best peopled of Europe The little Town of Belem which is near to it is the Burying-place of many of the Kings of Portugal Santarim is so happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it that the Natives boast that they could make a River of their Oyl as big as Tagus It was the Scabaliscus of Ptol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny sirnamed Praesidium Julium then a Roman Colony and a juridicial Resort named from St. Irene a Nun of Tomar here martyred and enshrined Setubal the Salatia of Ptol. is well situated and well built and is a Town of good Trade it is the best Haven in all the Kingdom 30 Miles long and 3 broad her Salt-pits and her Wines by what the Portuguezes relate bring a greater Revenue to their King than all Arragon to the King of Spain Alen teio passes for the Granary of Portugal by reason of the Corn which it produces The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon In the year 1663 the Portuguezes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable Battel near to this City Elvas is famous for its excellent Oyls and for the Sieges that it has prosperously held out against the Spaniards Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occasioned the Proclaiming the first King of Portugal Portelegre is a Bishops See Beja is supposed to be the Pax Julia of Plin. and Ptol. Algarve tho small in extent it assumes the Title of a Kingdom and was reunited to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonsus the 3d with Beatrice of Castile It produces Eggs Olives Almonds and Wines which are very much esteemed and indeed the word Algerbia in the Language of the Moors signifies a fruitful Champaign Chief Towns are Tavila or Tavira the Balsa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro is seated near the Cuncum Promontorium now Capo St. de Maria. Silves is the ancient Ossonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela the Sonoba of Strabo by the Moors Excuba by the Spaniards Estoy by some Estomber Lagus is seated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape St. Vincent from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Valentia by the persecuted Christians flying the Cruelty of Abderrahman the first King of the Spanish Moors removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand Of Italy ITALIA by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil London ITaly Anglis Italia Incolis Hispanis Italic Gallis Welschlandt Germanis Wolska Zemia Polonis Vloska Sclavonice called also by the Ancients Ausonia Camesena Oenotria Hesperia Janicula Salevmbrona Saturnia c. once Empress of the then known World still the fairest and most delicious Country of Europe After so long time so many Ages elapsed it is not certainly decided who were her first Inhabitants nor whether some one Nation did plant here after the Confusion of Babel or that it was peopled by little and little as several Nations did arrive 't is equally dubious whether it received its general Name at first or whether particular Parts had first their Appellations 'T is certain that several Nations at sundry times did transport themselves thither from Greece and Peopled all the Sea-Coast said to be Janus An. Mun. 1925. after whom came Saturn out of Creet Evander or Oenotrus out of Arcadia with their followers after them arrived some Trojans under the conduct of Aeneas whose kind entertainment by Latinus King of the Latins occasioned the Wars between him and Turnus King of the Rutuli but after the Romans grew Potent all Italy fell under their Subjection until the time of Honorius after which several barbarous Nations viz. Goths Vandals Herules and the Huns passing the Alps over-ran all Italy and divided it into several Kingdoms And when these were ejected or at least subdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor Justinan it was once more united to the Empire till the Empress Sophia envying Narsis Honour recalled him from his Government whereupon he opened the Passage of the Country to Albonius King of the Lombards who possessed themselves of that Country calling it by their own Name Longobardia These were at length subdued by Pepin King of France who was called into Italy by the Bishop of Rome After that the Seat of the Roman Empire being fixed in Germany Italy was reduced into several Parcels and Factions so that the Soveraign Princes thereof at this day are 1. The Pope Pontifex Maximus under whose Dominion are these
Monaco Incolis Mourgues Gallis Hercules Monoeci Portus of old is a small but a strong Town seated upon a Rock under its own Prince Gente Grimaldi An. 1641. It received the French Protection Finale is the Polliopice of Ant. teste Siml Oneglia is a Principality under the Duke of Savoy teste Baud. Savona Savo Liv. famous for the Interview of Ferdinand of Spain and Lewis the 12th of France as also for yeilding three Popes to the Church of Rome Vintimiglia Abiniminium Ptol. Albintimilium Tac. Albintemelium Cic. Vintimilium Var. and Albenga Albingaunum Plin. Albigaunum Ptol. both well fortified As for their Government the principal of their Magistrates hath the Name of Duke to whom there are assistant 8 Principal Officers which with the Duke are called the Signeury which is also in matters of greatest concern subordinate to the General Council consisting of 400 Persons all Gentlemen of the City who with the Signeury constitute the whole Body of the Commonwealth Their Forces have been 10000 ready to Arm at any time and 25 Gallies always ready in the publick Arsenal 4 Gallies at Sea to secure their Trade They are now under the Shelter and Protection of the Spaniards Of the Dutchy of Milan Ducatus Mediolanensis Stato de Milano WHose Ancient Inhabitants were the Insubres but is now under the Obedience of the King of Spain seated in the best part of Lombardy rich in Natures gifts and for its wonderful Fertility esteemed the Flower in the Garden of Italy and the Noblest Dutchy in Christendom the ways are there very pleasant set out almost as strait as a Line with channels of running Water and rows of Trees on both sides the most desirable Place to live in that can be seen if the Government were not so excessive severe that there is nothing but Poverty over all this rich Country It s chief City is Milan Mediolanum Strab. Plin. Milatio Ital. Mâyland Germ. which tho so often ruined and its Foundations sown with Salt having been Besieged 40 and taken 22 times yet it exalts it self as the fairest and greatest City of all Lombardy seated in a wide Plain environed with several Rivers strongly guarded with a spacious and almost impregnable Castle besides its other Fortifications the Buildings fair and stately three especially very Magnificent its Castle or Cittadel Hospital or Lazarette its Cathedral or Dome here are 36 Monasteries of Nuns 30 Convents of Friers 96 Parochial 11 Collegiat Churches most of which are stately Structures beautified with curious Paintings Images and Sepulchres In the Cabinet of the Chanoine Setalla are âare Curiosities both of Art and Nature The whole City is about 10 Miles in compass exceeding Populous containing 300000 Inhabitants very Rich having many Families of Nobility and Gentry of great Commerce by reason of its Merchants Shopkeepers and Artificers and a general Staple for all Merchandizes from France Spain and other Parts of Italy and Germany Other Places in Milan are 1 Pavia Papia seu Ticinum made an University by Charles the 4th guarded with a Castle and adorned with the richest Cathedral in Europe worth 300000 Crowns per Annum famous for the Battel in which Francis the first King of France was taken Prisoner by Charles the 5th 2. Alexandria or Alessandria now the strongest Work of the whole Dutchy well fortified against the Assaults and Batteries of the French. 3. Cremena seated on the Banks of the Poe a Place of good Trade its Houses stately its Streets large beautified with curious Gardens famous for its high Tower and Cathedral Church Here Vitellius Soldiers were defeated by the Forces of Vespasian and the Town fired by them Lodi is the Laus Pompeja of the Ancients a Frontier Town but a miserable Garison 20 Miles from Milan in the Venetian Territory Tortona is the Dertona Ptol. Plin. Derton Steph. Derthon or Darthon Strab. taken by the French 1642. after delivered to the Spaniards Novara Crema Mortara are also considerable Her Lakes are Lago Magiore Varbanus Lacus of Strab. in length 300 Stadia 56 Miles and 6 broad with her two Borremean Islands the loveliest Spots of Ground in the World. 2. Lago Del Coma. 3. Lugani Lacus or Lago di Lugano Its Rivers are Ollius now Oglio River Abdua now Adde River Lambrus fl hodie Lambro River Ticinus fl now Tesine River which runs with such a force that in 3 hours with one Rower Dr. Burnet was carried 30 Miles Sencia fl or Scesia River 4. Coma or Comum where the Plinies were born on the South of the Lago de Coma aforesaid a Lake 48 Miles in length Laricus Lacus Strab. Plin. Of Modena THE Dukedom of Modena Ducatus Mutinensis Stato del Duca di Modena contains the Cities of Modena and Reggio with the Territories adjoining to them Modena the Capital City anciently better known by the name of Mutina famous for the first Battel between Antony and Augustus Caesar Now the Residence of their Duke whose Palace tho not outwardly Great yet is richly adorned within whose Cabinet or Museum is well furnished with choice of natural Rarities Jewels c. Brissello Brixellum Plin. Ptol. famous for the Death of Otho the Roman Emperor who here Slew himself because his Army was unfortunately Vanquished by Vitellius Reggio Regium Lepedi a Place that has occasioned great Stirs between the Popes and the old Dukes of Ferrara Here are many Sculptors both for Ivory and Wood. Of Parma THe Dukedom of Parma Ducatus Parmensis or il Ducato di Parma is much of the same Nature for Soyl and Air as Modena It s chief City Parma is seated in a Fruitful Plain 5 Miles distant from the Appennine about 4 Miles in compass adorned with many rich and stately Structures very Populous and well inhabited by Gentry who are much addicted to Learning Arts and Arms the grounds about this City are of excellent Pastorage which feed abundance of Sheep Here is made the curious Parmasan Cheese so much esteemed throughout all Europe The Duke hath here his Palace a place of great Delight and State its Churches are beautiful and rarely Embellished with Pictures and Images 2. Piacenza or Placentia famous for the Resistance which it made both to Hannibal and Asdrubal now renowned for its Fairs quarterly kept which all Italy Germany and other Countries do frequent and here make their Exchanges The River Trebia was witness to the overthrow or the Romans by Hannibal Of the Dutchy of Mantua THe Dukedom of Mantua Ducatus Mantuanus Ducato di Mantoua Italis is a Country plentiful in Corn Pasture Wines and all sort of Fruit Mantoua the chief City is seated in a Lake 20 Miles in compass by Nature very strong and well fortified having no entrance but over Cawsies The Dukes Palace is fair and stately and the best furnished in all Italy except his Palace at Mirmirolla 5 Miles from the City which for the Pleasures and Delights thereof and for its rich Furniture and beautiful Gardens may acceptably
and Sylla and in the Wars of Vespasian and Vitellius Here was the Temple of Janus open in the time of War and shut in the time of Peace which hapned but three times during all their Monarchy 1. In the time of Numa 2. After the Punick War And 3ly in the Reign of Augustus when our Saviour was born Nor must I forget the Ponte Molle a mile out of the City anciently Pons Milvius where Constantine was shewed the Cross with these words In Hoc Signo Vinces This City is seated on the Banks of the River Tyber formerly upon ten Hills though now chiefly in the Campus Martius On the top of the Vatican Hill is the proud Palace of the Popes large enough to Entertain three Soveraign Princes at once and their Attendants beautified and enriched with excellent Paintings and Curiosities with the Garden Beluedere famous for its rare Plants delightful Walks and curious Statues On this Hill is the Church of St. Peter the most splendid and famous in all Rome the most sumptuous stately and magnificent Structure in the World of that Majestick bulk and greatness that it exceeds in all dimensions the most famous Temples of the Ancients in length 520 Foot and 385 in breadth adorned with Paintings Tombs and other choice Reliques My Bounds will not permit to speak of its other Churches Hospitals Monasteries Convents of its Libraries as the Vatican the Jesuites Colledg c. The Palaces of the Cardinals are stately Structures and richly adorned to which are joyned pleasant Gardens Here are several Piazza's abundance of Antiquities and Statues which I shall not name but may not forget the Castle of St. Angelo which for its strength is esteemed impregnable unless starved and here the Pope liveth in more State than any Prince in Christendom The chief of the other Cities and Territories belonging to the Estates of the Church are Bologna alias Bononia famous for its Study of the Civil Law for the Pope's Palace or retiring-place Rich Populous and well Inhabited by Nobility and Gentry the chief University in Italy Ferrara Ferrarea with its Iron Mines beautifully built adorned with many Suburb-Edifices in the midst of it is a spacious Market-place into which do open about twenty Streets uniform and strait and Comachio The once fair Haven Ravenna in the Province of Romandiola when Caesar Augustus kept his Navy here famous for the Seat of the Emperor Honorius and Successors of the Gothish Kings of the Exarchs and of its Patriarch now the Haven is choaked up and its Land covered with Water Cervia invironed with Fens and is famous for its great quantity of Salt as Fienza is for its Earthen Ware. Vrbin Vrbinum seated at the bottom of the Apennine Hills once famous for a sumptuous Palace and a most excellent Library as also for Polydore Virgil the Author of the History of England Rimini Ariminum of old the taking of which so frighted Pompey that he left Rome Other places are Fano the Sea-Port Town to Vrbin Senigaglia the Seno-Gallia of old and Pesaro both Maritine Towns. On the Banks of Metro of old Metaurus was fought the great Battel betwixt Asdrubal the Brother of Hannibal and the two Consuls Livius and Cl. Nero where 56000 of the Carthaginians were slain 5400 taken Prisoners as Livy writeth Ancona in Marchia Anconitana or Strato Marcha del Ancona the best Haven of Italy towards the Adriatick Sea And here I must not forget Loretto or St. Maria Lauretane famous for the Church of the Virgin Mary a stately Structure richly adorned with Presents Offerings and Gifts of Princes Nobles c. whose Organs and other Musick makes an Harmonious Sound to those that go on Pilgrimage thither either for Devotion or Penance Ascoli is the Asculum near which was fought the second Battel between the Romans and Pyrrhus it was also the Seat of the War called Bellum Sociale Macerata the Seat of the Governours of this Province Firmo the Strong Perugia or Perusia is chief of the Province so called seated on the Banks of Tyher in a rich and fruitful Soil Here it was that Augustus Besieged L. Antonius and Fulvia the Wife of M. Antony and near to this City is the Lake de Perugia of old Thrasemene of about 30 miles in compass near whose Banks Hannibal slew Flaminius and 15000 of his Romans Spoleto in the Dutchy of Vmbria of great Antiquity where are yet remaining stately Aquaducts the Temple of Concord and the Ruins of a spacious Theater Here is also the high Orvieto in the Province of Orvietin seated on a high Rock In Terra Sabina are Narni Nequino and Terni In Campania Romana the chief places besides Rome are Ardea now ruined once the Seat of Turnus King of the Rutuli the Rival and Competitor to Aeneas taken by Tarq. Superbus the refuge of the Romans when the Gauls had taken Rome as is also Alba Longa once the Seat of the Sylvian Kings after the Duel between the three Brethren of the Horatii and Curatii it was ruined by Tullus Hostilius Iteranni of old And the River Allia where Brennus with his Gauls overcame the Roman Army of 40000 and marched to Rome and had agreed for 1000 pound weight of Gold to forsake the City but before the payment of the money they were vanquished by Camillus Alba the Seat of the Sylvian Kings Palestrina Praeneste of old the refuge of Marius against Sylla who killed 12000 of the Citizens when he took the Town Ostia built by Ancus Marcius seated at the mouth of Tibur but its Haven stopped up whose Bishop Consecrates the Pope Lavinia so named from Lavinia Daughter to Latinus King of the Laurentini married to Aeneas Trivoli Tibur of the Ancients Chief places in the Patrimony of St. Peter are Veii a City once of great strength wealth and compass In the assault of which 306 of the Fabii were slain in one day only one Child left at home who restored the Family and was the Ancestor of Fabius Maximus the Preserver of Italy against Hannibal After a Siege of ten years this City was taken and destroyed by Furius Camillus Civita Vecchia Maritine Town abounding with Allom. Here are kept the Popes two Gallies maintained by 30000 Duckets the yearly Tribute of 40000 Curtezans Terracina is the ancient Anxur near the Promontorium Circeium now Monte Circello famous for the dwelling of the Enchantress Circe Monte Fiascone where is the so much celebrated Wine near the Lake Volsinii now Bolsena Viterbo is a large and well-situate Town where is the Monument of Pope John 21 in the Domo Here are Sulphure-Wells and hot Springs Intermingled with the Estate of the Church lies the Dutchy of Castro with the Town of Ronciglione the Country of Citta di Castello Strato del Duca di Parma whose chief place is Castellana The Sabatia now il Ducato di Bracciano the Title of the Family of the Vrsines near the Lake so called And lastly the Republick of Marino a little Town on the top
without stout Men good Horses Wines and Convenient Rivers Once well stored with Mines of Gold and Silver but those now decayed or lost and the People gross and Rude addicted to Wine and false in their Promises It s chief places are Belgrade once the Bulwark of Christendom bravely resisting the Power of Amurath the Second and Mahomet the Great repulsed by the Valour of Hunniades at which time Mahomet himself was wounded in the Breast lost his Ordnance and 200 of his Ships destroyed by a Fleet which came from Buda but taken by Solyman 1520. Seated she is upon the confluence of the Danube and the Savus having the great Rivers Tibiscus the Dravus and Morava running into the Danube not far from it as brave a Situation for Trade as any Inland place in Europe It is now adorned with two large Bezesteâns or places where the Richest Commodities are Sold with a Noble Caravansara and Moschea with a Metreseck or Colledg for Students Zenderin Singâdunum Ant. Semendera Lat. Simedro Graec. taken by Amurath the Second 1438. Soph. Scupi Ptol. by the Turks called Vrchupia a City of great Trade Seated in the Reinotest part of Servia or Moesia Superior or rather on the Confines of Macedonia It is a fair and large Town having a great Number of Moscheas once a Bishop's after an Arch-Bishop's See now noted for a great many Tanners that make Excellent Leather Great Actions have been hereabouts performed in the times of the Romans especially by Regillianus Hereabouts also stood Paroecopolis and Vlpianum of old Jagodna is pleasantly seated in a fair Country half way from Vienna to Constantinople Halli Jahisar is a considerable place where there is a Church with two fair Towers Lescoa or Lescovia seated upon the remarkable River Lyperitza the Maeaneder of Moesia The Hills between Servia and Mercedonia are a part of Mount Haemus of which the M. Clissura one of the Spurs or Excursions shines like Silver consisting of Muscovia Glass Vrania is a strong Pass which the Castle commandeth and locks up the passage into Macedââia The chief Rivers of Servia are 1. Morava Moschius of old is divided into two Streams the one named Morava di Bulgaria the other Morava di Serâi which uniting run into the Danaube at Zenderin so that by this River the Commodities of Servia and Bulgaria are carried into the Danube and so dispersed in Hungaria Austria c. Not far from which was that great Slaughter of the Turks by Hunniades who with 10000 Horse set upon the Turkish Camp by Moon-light slew 30000 and took 4000 Prisoners and Remarkable Lyperitza the Maeander of Maesia which Dr. Brown saith that in less than twelve hours they passed it 90 times Of Bulgaria BVLGARIA is a Country generally full of Woods and Desarts the most unpleasant and unpeopled of all the Dacian Provinces but the lower parts not without some Plains and Valleys The Inhabitants of a Natural fierceness yet patient of Toyl and Labour It s chief places are Sophia Procop. Sofia Italis Sophie Gallis the Tibisca of Ptol. teste Nig. Mol. the Seat of a Beglerbeg under whom are 21 Sangiats Seated in a long and fruitful Valley three miles distant from a high Mountain covered with Snow all the year It is Beautified with many fair Hanes and Baths a stately Colledg and fair Mosques Axiopolis Galacz teste Laz. Flotz Merc. Colanamik Baud. on the Banks of the Danaw which from this Town begins to take the Name of Ister Mesembria Situate on the Euxine Mercianopolis much mentioned in the Stories of the Goths for the Fights and Battels they had there with the Emperor Claudius Nicopolis by the Turks Sciltaro teste Leunc Nigeboli memorable for the Founder of it the Emperor Trajan more for the many great Battels fought near unto it whereof one was by Sigismund the Emperor and King of Hungary who with an Army of 130000 Christians Besieged it and Bajazet came to the Relief of it got the Victory with the loss of above sixty thousand Turks killed 20000 Christians and most of the rest took Prisoners The Second between Michael Vaivod of Valachia and Mahomet the Third over whom Michael got a Remarkable Victory Varna the Dionysiopolis of the Ancients on the Euxine Sea Remarkable for the first flight of Hunniades and the Death of Vladislaus King of Hungary 1444. Silistria the Ordinary Abode of a Turkish Bassa Ternova the usual Residence of the Princes of Bulgaria Budina once of great Importance but burnt to the Ground by Hunniades not far from the Old City Oescus Triballorum Acridus the Birth-place of Justinian by the Turks called Giustandil Tomi or Tomos to which Ovid was Banished some say 't is at this day called Tomiswar others would have it to be Kiovia Dinogetia Ptol. Dinâgutia Diniguttia Ant. Denigu ex Tab. recens Drimago Nigro Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. Kilia Laz. vulgo Bialogrod Calliacra Laonico Pandalla Nig. Istropolis Plin. Ptol. Istros Strab. Istria Arriano Stravico Castal Grossea Nig. Prostaviza Baud. much subject to the irruptions of the Dobrusian Tartars Of Greece GRECIA Novae Descriptio Per Robt. Morden London GREECE once the most Celebrated part of the World in the present Latitude and Extent thereof hath for its Eastern Bounds the Aegean Sea the Hellespont Propontis and the Thracian Bosphorus For its Southern the Cretian and the Ionian Sea on the West the Adriatick Sea and on the North only United to the rest of Europe by the Mountain Haemus Confined at first to Attica and the parts adjoyning only then called Hellas from King Hellen the Son of Ducalion the Inhabitants Hellenes in Sacred Writ and Greece from King Graecus the Son of Cecrops the first King of Athens communicated afterwards to Thessaly to Peloponnesus then to Epirus and lastly to the Macedonian Empire The first Inhabitants of Greece did live each under their proper Magistrates in several Cities until Philip King of Macedonia clearing his own Country of the Iberians Subdued Achaia Thracia and a great part of Peloponnesus And succeeded by Alexander his Son who retained his Father's Conquests and Vanquishing Darius the great King of Persia and other Kings of India Founded the Grecian Monarchy but in the height of his Successes died being Poysoned at Babylon Afterwards the Romans became Masters of it and after that the Goths and Huns did rather Harrass than Inhabit Lastly the Saracens now the Turks and the Victorious Venetian share it under their Obedience Hence it is that Greece hath lost its former Division of Countries and their Names and received new that which was particularly called Greece is now called Livadia Peloponnesus Morca Thessaly Janna Epirus Canina Macedonia is divided into four parts that next Janna is called Camenolitari that which Borders upon Dalmatia is called Albania that next to Thrace is named Jamboly and the midst of the Country retains its Old Name Macedonia Lastly Thracia is now called Romania The Grecians once a
Nation in matters of Government Famous in Arms Glorious in Arts Admirable addicted to the love of Vertue Civil of Behaviour affectors of Liberty and every way Noble only in their Commonwealth Principles and Civil Dissentions unhappy But now under the Turkish Yoak their Spirits are low their Knowledg is Ignorance their Liberty contented Slavery their Vertues Vices their Industry Idleness They are generally of good Proportion and of a swarthy Complexion Their Women very well favoured brown and excessive Amorous In Habit and Garb both Sexes generally follow those under whom they live Their Primitive Language needs no Commendation being well known for its lofty sound Elegancy and significant Expressions genuine Suavity and happy Composition of words Excellent for Philosophy and the Liberal Arts but more Excellent for that so great a part of the Oracles of our Salvation is delivered therein but now not only the Natural Elegancy is lost but the Language almost devoured by the Lingua Franca Turkish and Sclavonian Tongues The Christian Religion was here first Planted by St. Paul who went into Macedonia passing thence to Thessalonica from thence to Athens and thence to Corinth watering the greatest part of Greece with the Dew of Heaven But now considering the Tyranny of the Turks on the one side and the Temptations of Preferment on the other 't is almost a Wonder there should be any Christianity left amongst them yet the Gates of Hell cannot prevail against this afflicted Church for its members are endued with a Divine Humility patience and constancy their Priests are reverenced the Articles of Faith and Rules of a Holy life preserved their Fasts and Feasts observed the power of the Keys Exercised and the Judicature of the Church preferred before that of the Divan As to the material Points of their Religion I shall refer to the Description of my Scripture Maps This Country hath formerly been Famous for Miltiades Aristides and Themistocles of Athens Lysander and Agesilaus of Sparta Pelopidas and Epaminondas of Thebes Aratas and Philoparmeus of Achaia Pyrrhus of Epirus Philip of Macedon Alexander the Great brave Commanders For Plato Socrates Aristotle Divine Philosophers For Demosthenes Isocrates Aeschines Eloquent Orators Hesiod Homer c. Excellent Poets Solon and Lycurgus Eminent Law-givers Xenophon Thuciades Plutarch Herodotus Famous Historiographers with several other Authors and Promoters of Arts and Sciences too tedious to relate But to proceed to the Provinces The Inhabitants of Greece were of old divided into three sorts viz. the Iones the more famous whereof were the Athenians The Dores the most renowned of whom were the Lacedemonians and the Aeoles who sent Colonies into Asia near to Phocaea By the ancient Writers called Achei Achiai Argivi Danai Dolopes Dores Dryopes Hellenes Iones Myrmidones and Pelasgi The Province of Romania or Romelia is the Ancient Thrace by Stephanus Aria by some Scythia by Josephus Thyras from Thyras the Son of Japhet by the Turks now called Romeli A Country neither of a Rich Soil nor pleasant Air yet well Inhabited But the chief Glory of this Province and of all the Ottoman Empire is the Renowned City Constantinople formerly called Lygus Byzantium and Nova Roma now by the Greeks Istampoli and by the Turks Stambol seated in the Latitude of 40 Degr. 56. In shape Triangular commanding the Propontis Bosphorus and Euxine Seas Seated on a Haven so deep and Capacious that the Turks for its Excellency call it the Port of the World. At this day the chief Buildings are the Turks Seraglio and the Temple or Mosque of St. Sophia for Beauty and Workmanship exceeding Admirable to behold The Seraglio is a vast place inclosed and divided from the rest of the City with a wall three miles in Compass wherein are stately Groves of Cypresses intermixed with delightful Gardens Artificial Fountains and all varieties of Pleasures which Luxury can effect or Treasure procure The principal Beauty of the City is the situation of it on the Mountains Crowned with Magnificent Mosques with Gilded Spires reflecting the Sun-beams with a marvellous splendor Other Cities of this Province are Andrianopolis or Hadrianopolis Ptol. formerly Oresta Lampridio Vscudava seu Vscadama Ammiano Andernopolis Turcis Endren teste Busb a fair large and well composed City with fair and stately Mosques especially one built by Sultan Soliman the Second a very Magnificent Structure Galipoli formerly Callipolis seated near the Hellespont within the Sea of Marmora the first City that ever the Turks possessed in Europe surprized by Soliman Anno 1358. Below Galipoli is the straitest passage of the Hellespont formerly famous for Xerxes's Bridg but especially for the two Castles Sestos and Abidos noted for the Story of Hero and Leander now called the Dardanelles or Old Castles the New Castles being at the mouth of the Hellespont and are the Bulwark of Constantinople as the Castles on the Thracian Bosphorus are on the other side Galata or Pera is opposite to Constantinople where live all the Foreign Ambassadors Residents and Envoys Belgrade is 12 or 15 miles Northwards where are the Summer-Houses of the Nobility and the Costly Aquaducts that supply Constantinople St. Stephanoes is Inhabited most by Christians At Great Schecmashe are the Seraglio's of the Nobility Selimbria hath Mosques a Bazar and Greek Churches Heraclea Leunc Heraclia Soph. Perinthus Plin. Ptol. its Harbor makes it a Peninsula of four miles in compass now an Arch-Bishops See and its Church the best in Turkie Noted also of old for the Palaces of Vespatian Domitian and Antoninus Emperors of Rome as also for its Amphitheatre cut out of one entire Marble Rodeste Redaestum Plin. Bisanthe Ptol. Rodosto Sophi 30 miles from Heraclia seated on the side of an Hill at the bottom of a Bay peopled with about 15000 Inhabitants Christians Turks and Jews much frequented but of little Trade Myriophyton by the Greeks Murston by the Turks it hath about 200 Houses about five miles from Rodesto Abdera now Asperosa was the birth-place of Laughing Democritus Aenos now Enio Eno Grec Ygnos Turcis a Town of great strength and safety therefore an honourable Prison Lisimachia once of great Importance now Heximily said to be built out of the Ruins of Phillipoli from Philip the Father of Alexander Cardia Cardiapolis Ptol. was the Birth-place of Eumenes a Curriers Son but a famous Warrier Quae Steph. Paâs âadem Lysimachiae Hexamilio The Province or Kingdom of Macedonia was so called from a King Macedo Son of Osiris Others say it had its name from a Son of Jupiter and Thyae or as Solinus says from Macedâ a Son or Grandchild of Ducalion called also Aemathia Plin. Peonia Aemonia Livio Formerly it contained several Provinces the Names whereof are in my Sheet-Map of Greece and 't is said was inhabited by 150 several Nations By the Ancients it was divided into four Principal parts viz. Prima Secunda Tertia Quarta That towards the West or the Fourth part is now called Albania That part
Homolus Steph. Omolium Liv. a City and M. in Thessaly vide Virgil. L. 7. Aeneidos now Lamina teste Mol. Lastly Janna which gives Name to the Country an Arch-Bishoprick that hath under it four Bishopricks Argiro-Castro Delvino Butrinto and Glykaeon Doliche Ptol. is the Techala of Merc. Briet Alchria Villano Trica or Tricca once the Bishoprick of Heliodorus the Author of the Ethiopick History Of EPIRVS THE Province of Epirus now Canina rather Chimera L' Arta teste Baud. is Mountainous and barren languishing under the Turkish Tyranny Divided by some into Chaonia Thesportia Acarnania Aetolia But by Brietius into Chaonia Thesportia Cassiopaea Acarnania Amphilochia Athamania Delopia and Melossia once a Country very populous until Paulus Aemilius destroyed 70 of their Cities in one day Places of most note were Dodona memorable for the Temple and Oracle of Jupiter situate in a fair Grove of Vocal Oaks Ambracia Caes Cic. Strab. Ampracia Herod now L' Arta the Regal Seat of King Pyrrhus accounted by Hannibal next to Alexander the second great Soldier of the World. Actium near Cape Figula nigh unto which Augustus and Antony fought for the Empire of the World. Nicopolis now Prevesa built by Augustus yielded to the Venetians 1684. where were 200 Turks who were conducted near to Arta 44 Pieces of Cannon 18 of Brass and 1200 Inhabitants which remained whereby the Turks have lost 100000 Crowns yearly by the Fishery And after the taking of Sancta Maura by General Morosini he caused his Troops to make a descent at Dagomestro who advanced 50 miles into the Country and Ruined the whole Province of Acarnania and burnt two great Towns called Vragosi and Zapandi and several Villages Cassiope now Joanna or Joannina said to be the Metropolis of the Country which I suppose to be the same with Janna in Thessaly Hecatompelon in the Wars of Cyprus called Supoto now Chimera Torone now Perga Buthrotus now Butrinto belonging to the Venetians Anactoria Plin. c. now Vonizza teste Soph. Vodizza Leunc In this Province is Mount Pindus Sacred to Apollo and the Acroceraunian Mountains the Rivers Acheron and Cocytus said to be the Rivers of Hell and here was Olympias the Mother of Alexander born Of ACHAIA THE Province of Achaia once called Hellas Graecia teste Plinio Livalli Rumelia teste Castaldo of old divided into Boeotia Attica or Hellas Megaris Phocis Locris Ozolae Doris Aetolia Opunorum regio Now by the Turks called Livadia a Country famous in the Authors of the ancient times for the Gallantry of its men and for the Stateliness of its Structures Places of most note in Attica were 1. Athenes ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã or Athini vulgarly called Setines in Lat. 38 degr 5. min. A City heretofore adorned with all those Excellencies of strength and beauty which Art or Cost could add unto it a large rich and stately City the Nursery of Learning and the Source of all Arts and Sciences once called the famous Athens the City of Theseus Built by Cecrops and ruled by Kings 550 years then by Archontes for 600 years then by the thirty Tyrants till expelled by Thrasibulus and by the help of Epaminondas it obtained the Soveraignty of Greece and many Isles of the Egaean Sea for 70 years till it submitted to Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great Afterwards was much destroyed by Sylly but restored by Adrian the Emperor and afterwards received various Fates till it was enslaved by Mahomet the Second 1455. now taken from them by the brave Morosini 1687. The Inhabitants are now according to Esq Wheeler's Description 1675. about 10000 three parts Christians the rest Turks who permit no Jews to live among them 'T is an Archiepiscopal See and has the Bishops of Salona Libadia Granitza and Thalanta under it It affords a vast number of Antiquities viz. the Temple of Victory by the Turks made a Magazine for Powder The Arsenal of Lycurgus Minerva's or Parthenions Temple Demosthenes Lanthorn the Octogon Tower of the Winds Theseus Temple Adrians Pillar the foundation of the Areopagus the Theater of Bacchus the Temple of Jupiter Olympus Lastly the Aeropolis or Castle on the South of the City upon a hard Rock and inaccessible on all sides save the West S.W. from this Cittadel is the Hill Musaeum and the Mount Anchesimus now St. Georgio And S. E. from Athens is Mount Hymetus now Televouni Lambrarouni where is plenty of Bees and Honey All Provisions of Flesh Fish Fowl Corn Wine and Oyl are cheap here Their Merchandizes are Oyl Turky-Leather Raw Silks Pernocochi Cake Soap Honey Wax c. The Town hath eight Platoma's or Parishes and about 50 Parish-Churches 150 Chappels and several Convents It s two chief Ports are Portus Pyraeus now called Porto Lione by the Franks Turcis Dracona more South Port Munichia now Hagio Phalaras Portus now Port Nicolo Other places in Attica are 1. Marathon famous for the Marathonian Bull slain by Theseus and for the defeat of the Numerous Army of Darius by Miltiades now a ruined Village 2. Eleusis or Eleusin Cic. Strab. now Lepsina buried in its own Rubbish it lies at the Foot of the M. Kerata or Gerata Here was the Temple of Ceres her Sacrifices called Sacra Eleussinia and her Mysteries unclean and Devillish and once the Fortification of the thirty Tyrants of Athens A mile off West is the Spring ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã i.e. Floridas where Ceres sat weary with the search of Proserpina and North is the Eleusinian Plain and the Cytheron now Elitita Mountains 3. Phyle now Bigla Castro or Casha Wheeler was the place where Thrasibulus began his Exploit of Expelling the Thirty Tyrants and delivering his Country 4. Panormus Strab. Ptol. a Sea-Town now Porto Raphai Soph. whence the Athenians sailed to Delos to carry the Presents to Apollo sent from the Hyperboreans 5. Brauron now Vrannia where was the Temple of Diana 6. Rhamnus now Taura Castro or Hebraeo Castro famous for the curious Statue of Nemesis 7. Pallene now Angelopico where the Athenians have their Country-Houses 8. Pentelicus Mons now Pendeli where is a Monastery of 100 Caloires on a Mountain of curious Marble in which are Grotta's incrusted with curious Congelations 9. Promontorium Sunium now Cape Colonni from the white Pillars of Minerva's Temple yet standing and the Town Sunium one of the ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã or Burgess-Towns of the Athenians Places in Boeotia are 1. Thebes Tiva Soph. Stives Stibes Baud. rather Thiva Wheeler in Lat. 38. degr 22. min. Built by Cadmus teste Isodore and fabled to be walled with Amphions Harp. Famous in old time for the Wars of Eteocles and Policines Sons of Oedipus Here lived Pelopidas and Epamonidas who overthrew the Lacedemonians at the Battel of Leuctra and Mantinea Northwards is the Thebean Lake now Hylica Palus 2. Aulis now Aulide is famous for the Grecians Shipping out for the Trojan War. 3. Lebadea not Lebadia teste Baud.
Badia teste Zardo now Livadio or Libadia Wheeler and gives name to all Achaia The Christians have here four Churches and the Turks five Moschs Their Trade is in Woollen Stuffs and Rice and near it is the Trophonian Cave and Grove where was an Oracle given by Jupiter 4. Ascraea the Birth-place of Hesiod 5. Chaerona that of Plutarch 6. Granitza a Bishoprick 7. Coronaea the same or near to Dymnia i. e. two Months because Corn is sowed ripe and reaped in that time teste Wheeler Here were the Coronaei Agri where the Games Pambriotia were Celebrated 8. Alalcomene probably now St. Georgio where is a Convent and two Churches 9. Thespia now Neocorio hence Musae Thespiades 10. Platea now said to be called Cocla in whose Plain was Mardonius slain and 160000 Persians and of the Grecians but 699. 11. Leuctra betwixt Thespia and Platea now Parapagia in whose Plains the Thebans overthrew the Spartans some of whom had ravished Scedasus Daughters 12. Thisbae now Rimo Castri it hath now about 100 Cottages of Greeks and Albaneses 13. Tanagra of old Graea Paemandria now Scamino its Ruins are large it hath about 200 Houses and many Greek Churches 't is situate near Mount Cerycius on the River Asopus that divides Attica and Baeotia over against Oropus It s chief Lakes are 1. The Lake of Livadia formerly called Copais Cephisis about forty miles in compass The Streams and Torrents that fall into it would drown all Baeotia but for the Subterraneous Channels the Wonders of Art and Nature that suck in the water and convey it into the Aegean Sea These Subterraneous Catabathra are about fifty in all 2. The Helica Palus now Lake Thives It s chief Rivers are Asopus now Scamino and Cephissus River It s chief Mountains were 1. Helicon a Poetis decantatissimus Musis Sacer by the Inhabitants called Eialia now Zagara Wheel 2. Cithaeron Mons Musis Sacer now Elatea Mons teste Wheel Chief Places in Aetolia are Lepanto Naupactus Ptol. Neopactus Cic. Naupactum Plin. Lepanti Gallis Epactos Graecis Einebachri Turcis teste Leonc An Archiepiscopal City now built from the Sea-shore to the top of a high Conical Mountain having four Ranges of Walls before the Castle which is seated on the top of the Mountain It s Harbour is narrow at its Entrance and shallow where 't is said the famous Cosair Durack Bey Basha of Candia resided In the year 1408. it was subject to the Emperour of Constantinople but the Emperor Emanuel gave it to the Venetians who so fortified it that in the year 1475. it destroyed 30000 Turks and the Army forced to raise the Siege but Bajazet the Second with an Army of 150000 attacked it by Sea and Land and brought it to a most deplorable estate and took it from them 1499. But in the year 1687. it was retaken by Generalissimo Morosini The Trade is Leather Oyl Tobacco Rice Barly Wheat Furs c. Near this Town was that famous Sea-fight betwixt the Venetians and the Turks where 29000 Turks were killed 4000 taken Prisoners with 140 Gallies and 1200 Christian Captives redeemed 1571. At the Entrance of this Gulf of Lepanto by the Ancients Sinus Crisaeus Sinus Corinthiacus Mare Alcyonum said to be 100 miles in length are two Castles called also the Dardanelles of Lepanto not far from the Promontaries Rhium Antirrhium Capo S. Andrea Baud. rather C. Antirio Other places in Aetolia are Calydon with its Forest where Meliagar slew the wild Boar now Aiton teste Cyriaco rather Gallata Wheel Here the River Evenus over which the Centaur Nessus carried Hercules Wife Dejaneira to have ravished her Also the River Achelous much Fabled by the Poets The Aetolians were a turbulent and unruly people Chief places in Locris are Amphissa Lambina teste Nigro Anfisa Baud. Salona Wheel once the chief place of the Locrii Ozelorum seated now on a Rock under a Mountain that joyns Mount Corax and Parnassus Musis Sacer apud Poetas Parnaso Liacura teste Soph. Licoura Wheel The Turks have here seven Moschs and the Greeks six Churches whole Bishop is under the Arch-Bishop of Athens They Trade with Tobacco and Cottons Turcochoreo thought to be the ancient Lilaea is seated near the River Cephisus in the middle of a Plain between Mount Oeta and the Thermopylae famous for King Leonidas defence said to be a Town of the Locii Epicnemides so called from the Mount and Town Cnemides Thalanda on the South-side of the River Platanius a Bishoprick and large Town by the Ruins of Churches and Towers a mile out of Town it seems to be the City Opus hence Locrii Opuntii Sinus Opuntius Drepanum Molycrium Strab. Ptol. Trapani Nigro now Capo di Pratras Chief Places in Phocis are Delphos or Delphi Salona Nigro Castri Soph. Wheel once famous for the Oracle of Apollo who delivered his sayings in Amphiboli's and dark Sentences whereby he deceived his Devotee's as Crassus and Pyrrhus seated it was on the middle of the South-side of the Mount Parnassus where Ducalion and Pyrrha swed themselves 2. Daulis now Dalia noted for King Tereus who ravished Philomela 3. Cirrha Plin. Liv. Cyrrha Ptol. Aspropiti Zardo Nardo now Tramochi Wheeler 4. Anticyrrha Ptol. Anticyra Paus famous of old for its Helebore now in Ruins near to the Asprospiti Sinus 5. Pythia the Navil of the World remarkable for the Assembly of the Amphictymes that condemned the Phocians for Sacriledg Chief Places in Megaris are Megara seated in a Valley towards the Gulph of Engia once comprehending two Rocks now but one having three or four Cottages of Greeks much infested with Pyrates famous once for the Secta Megarica of Euelid and for the Fable of King Nyssa's Purple Hair. 2. Towards the Harbour Minoa is the ruined Fortress Nicaea and the Dodeca Ecclesia West are the Scironides Rupes now Kakiscalia or Bad Bay and the ancient Cromium the Bounds between Attica and Peloponnesus Peloponnesus now Morâa is the most Famous Peninsula in the World Bounded with the Sea only where it joyneth to Greece by an Istmus of six miles in breadth very Momorable for the Fruitless Design of divers Kings and Emperors to cut it through and to make a perfect Island of it and for the Isthmian Games instituted by Theseus and for the Wall or Hexameli built by the Emperor Emanuel 1413. demolished by Amurath the Second 1424 1463. rebuilt by the Venetians in 15 days with 136 Towers A Country it was once abounding with all things as well for the Delicacy and Contentment as Necessary for the Life of Man and for the bigness of it none in the World hath suffered in the Ruin of so many brave and stately Cities yet the best Inhabited of all Greece being well Seated with Ports and Havens on all sides of it This pleasant part of Greece has not always had the name of Morea as 't is now called Strabo saith that it was once called Argo or Argos from
a famous City of that name within its Confines and Aegialea from Aegialus a famous King of the Syconians Apollodorus and Pliny calls it Apia from Apis the third King of the Argives Son of Aegialus and also Pelasgia Afterwards it had the Name of Peloponnesus from Pelops the Son of Tantalus King of Phrygia and Taygeta now Morea As to its Bigness Authors disagree Isodore allows it 363 miles in Circuit Bourdon 563. Porchacchi 573. Bleau Sagredo and Vianoli makes it 600. Baudrand 550. Strabo makes the length 1400 Stadia Sagredo makes it 170 miles from the Isthmus to Modon Baudrand makes it 150 from Corinth to Tenarium Prom. and from C. Schilli to C. Tornese 175. It was by Ptolomy and others divided into eight parts Achaia Propria Arcadia Argia Corinthia Elis Laconia Messenia and Sicyonia Pomponius Mela divided it in but six of those parts he left out Corinthia and Siconia Morri and Baudranel make four Divisions viz. Ducatus Clarentiae the Dutchy of Clarence or Chiarenza which comprehends Achaia Propria Sicymia and Corinthia 2. Belvedera which contains Elis and Messenia 3. Sacâania or the lesser Romania containing the ancient Argia or Argos 4. Traconia comprehending Laconia and Arcadia Places most Famous are 1. Patras an Arch-Bishoprick known to the Romans by the Name of Augusta Aroe Patrensis called also Neupatria by the Turks now Badra and Balabutra teste Leunc Memorable for the Death of St. Andrew the Apostle and now a Town of good Trade in Raw Silks Leather Honey Wax Wool Cheese and Currants Situate near the Strait which openeth into the Bay of Corinth now Lepanto a Strait Fortified on both sides with two Castles by Bajazet to secure the Entrance of the Bay taken by Andrew Doria 1571. Recovered by Solyman the Magnificent July 1687. abandoned by the Turks and possessed by the Venetians Chiarenza the Cyllene of Plin. Ptol. Thucy teste Soph. Antravida Nig. But Brietas will have Dyme olim Stratos Cauconia to be Clarenza once the Capital City of that Dutchy now some slight Traces of it are all that is visible Six miles from the Cape Tornese Chelonates Prom. Strab. and is the Castle or Fortress of Torneze now by the Turks Clemouzzi teste Wheel Clemontii Coronelli Pylas of Strab. Thucyd. c. Abarinus Ptol. Nelea Homero teste Paus Coryphasium teste Steph. Navarino Soph. Zonichia Leunct now Zunchio or Navarin 10 miles distant from Coron is famous for its Port where 2000 Vessels may ride at Anchor about five miles long and three broad having an Island lying before it on the right hand it is guarded with a strong Castle called New Naverin on the other hand stands old Navarin formerly called Pylus Modon 10 miles from Coron by the Turks Matum by Plin. Methone its Situation by Nature and Art makes it strong having a safe and commodious Haven taken first by the Venetians in the year 1124. In the year 1498. it was taken by Bajazet with a great Slaughter And in the year 1685. retaken by the Venetians Coron once Pedusus Nisi Laurenb Epea Paus hath a strong and advantageous Situation on the right side of Cape Gallo the Acritus Prom. of the Ancients taken by Bajazet 1498. Taken again by General Doria 1533. but soon again returned to the Turkish yoke But in the year 1685. after the defeat of the Turkish Camp and a vigorous resistance it was taken by assault with a dreadful slaughter of all the Inhabitants by the Venetians who found 128 Pieces of Cannon of which 66 were Brass Calamata the Abaea Ptol. Thuria Aepea Strab. teste Soph. but Abaea is Chioris Mol. And the Thurium of Ptol. Thyrea Plin. is now Cumestra teste Mol. The Thalame of Strab. Paus Theramne Plin. Therapnae Solino Mela teste Gemistro But Niger will have Thalame to be Basilopotamo or Vasilipotamo and Mol. will have it Borboliza It is seated at the bottom of the Bay of Coron about a mile from the Sea on the Bank of the River Pamisus of Strabo Stromio Niger defended with a strong Castle with Regular Fortifications taken by the Venetians 1685. Nigh to which is the Lake Lerna where Hercules slew the Monster Hydra as also Mount Tenarus where was the Cave called the descent of Hell out of which he drew the Dog Cerberus and Naemea was the place where he slew the dreadful Lion. As was also Zarnata a Fortress much favoured by Nature but much more by Art which was delivered up to General Morosini in sight of the Captain Bassa with a numerous and powerful Army who dared not to attempt its succour Chielefa is a Fortress of great importance for its advantages of Nature and Art seated upon a steep Rock a mile and half from the Sea of a Quadrangular Figure Flanked with five great Towers not far from the place where once Vitulo stood It surrendred to the Venetians 1686. Passova is a Fortification seated in the Province of Maina opposite to Chielefa and Port Vitulo yielded to the Venetians 1685. without a stroke and demolished As also the Fortress of Maina built where once stood the ancient Cersapolis by the Ottomans called Turcotogli Olimienas by the Greeks Castro di Maina by the Turks Monige demolished in the year 1570. Mysitra Seated in a large Plain full of small Villages Olive and Mulberry-Trees about 25 miles from the Sea the Mountain Taygetus commands it on the West once Sparta then Lacedaemon once one of the most famous of the Grecian Cities now shrunk to a little Town scarcely shewing any Remains of its former Glory Historians do not agree who was its first Founder some say it was Spartus the Son of King Amiclas others the Princess King Lacedaemons Wife who was called Sparta some affirm it was Cecrops and others attribute it to Spartus the Son of Phoroneus King of Argos Contemporary with the Patriarch Jacob and make it older than Rome 983 years The Castle is so advantageously seated that Histories assures us it was never taken In the year 1687. surrendred to the Venetians Malvasia the Epidaurus Limera Monembasia of the Ancients has a very advantageous Situation in a little Isle on a Rock washed by the waves of the Archipelagus yet enjoying several Sources of sweet clear Springs inaccessible on all sides but one place which is defended with a thick triple Wall and joyned to the main Land by a Wooden Bridg having a very spacious Port and well defended yet though its Scituation renders it almost invincible yet by its ill fortune it hath undergone several Changes Taken from the Greek Emperors by the French and Venetians Anno 1204. In the year 1537. it was taken by Solyman and during the Wars of Candia it was attacked by the Venetians and taken who demolished the Fort and left it There is another Epidauras in Argia called Esculapia Soph. famous for the Temple of Aesculapius Pigiada Nigro Cherronisi Soph. Napoli di Romania amongst the Celebrated Cities once the
Glory of Argia this is now the chief the Anaphia of Herod Xenoph. Strab. Nauplia Ptol. Napli Soph. built by Nauplius King of Eubaea the Son of Neptune and Amimone and Father to Palamedes About two miles in Compass almost surrounded by the Sea and defended by a Castle as the Harbour is by a Fort built upon a Rock about 300 foot into the Sea so that both Nature and Art have conspired to render it strong now an Arch-Bishoprick and the Residence of the Governour of the Province Containing 6000 Greeks besides a great number of other Inhabitants first taken 1205. by the Venetians joyned with the French taken soon after by King Giovanissa who left terrible marks of his rage and fury by putting the whole Garison to the Sword and sacking the Town Assaulted it was by Mahomet the Second with a powerful Army but in vain so Solyman also had no more fortunate success but by agreement obtain'd it from the Republick These two last places are all that the Turk now have in the Morea so that the Venetians are now Masters of all that Country Argos of this Name are three Cities in Greece viz. 1. Argos Amphilochium in Epirus now Anfilocha 2. Argos Pelasgicum in Thessalia now Armiro 3. Argos Peloponnesiacum once Phoronia Jassia Hyppobole Diposa or Dipsion Seated on the River Inachus now Planizza Soph. not far from the Ruins of the Ancient Mycenia Founded by Inachus in the year of the World 2197. and continued for 546 years under Kings then a Commonwealth now only retains the Name of its passed Glory though seated in a delightful Plain about 24 miles from the Sea abounding with Wine and Oyl and all sorts of Grain and defended with a Castle seated on a Hill. Here King Pyrrhus was killed with a Tile from the hands of an Old Woman Trapolizza Megalopolis Polyb. Strab. Christianopolis dicta teste Baud. Leondari or Leontari Soph. by the Turks called Mora Orta the Center of the Morea the chief place in the once famous Arcadia the Birth-place of Polybius the Historian Corinth the Corinthus of Strab. and Polyb. Ephyro Lauremb by the Inhabitants Coranto and by the Turks Gerame In the Lat. of 38 degr 14. had its foundation from Aletes who lived in the time of Cecrops 3066. So advantageously seated in the midst of the Isthmus that some have called it the Eye of Greece others the Bulwark of the Peloponnesus and the splendor of Greece This City formerly so rich and Magnificent is now nothing more than a wretched Remnant of Wars and of Time and hath preserved nothing more of its pristine Grandure than its own Ruins The famous Fortress of the Acrocorinthus the Guard of Corinth must not be passed by without a particular Remembrance Built upon the point of a high Rock and strengthened with a stout Wall very strong both by Art and Nature yet after the taking of Lepanto the Serasquier being terrified by the Venetian Forces had set fire to it and left it where the Venetians found 45 Brass and 4 Iron Guns 1687. Thus have I as briefly as possible given an Account of the chief Cities now extant in the Morea the Stage and Theater of Action in the late Wars The chief Mountains in this Peninsula are the Foloe or Phole Mountain near which was seated the City of Olympia famed by the Poets for the Country of the Centaurs slain by Hercules after his being Victorious over the Nemaean Lion the Lernan Hydra and the Erymanthan Boar. Cyllene Mons at the top whereof are yet to be seen the Remains of the Temple of Mercury Lyceus Mons memorable for the Sacrifice of the Tyrant Aristarchus made to the publick Rage of the Lacedemonians Menalus Mons for its shady Groves and refreshing Air Dedicated to Pan. Mons Sepia for the Death of Epites stung by a Serpent Montes Poylizi for Diana's Temple called also Stymphalides Mons Mintia or Mitena which gives a Prospect to the Gulph of Coron where the proud Fanes of Pluto and Proserpina once stood At the foot of Mount Nonacres at the foot whereof roul the fatal waves of Styx Lastly the Taygeta Sacred to Bacchus Ceres Apollo and Diana Chief Rivers are Alpheus Ptol. c. Carbon or Darbon vulgo Orfea Soph. much famed by the Poets who tell us also of its Subterraneous passage to its beloved Fountain Arethusa in Sicily Eurotas now Vassalipotamos Iris Niger Hemerus Plut. it runs by Misutra and falls into the Gulf of Colchina in Summer very dry and shallow but in Winter sometimes overflowing its bounds Inachus now Plannizza once Cramavor then Haliacmon called Inachus from the Son of Oceanus and Thetis whose story is well known I must not forget the River Pamysus Strab. Plin. Amathus Panysus Ptol. Stromio Niger Tifeo Giovio which falls into the Gulf of Coron All Europe affords not a place comparable to this pleasant Peninfula It s fruitful Plains flourish with plenty adorned with the charms of variety It s high Hills though thought unpleasant objects for their cragginess yet endowed with excellent Plants and delicious Fruits and its Climate is soft serene and temperate Here we may have the Melancholly view of the Imperial Seats of the Corinthians Lacedemonians Syconians Mycenians Elians Arcadians Pyleans and Messenians now lying buried in their own Ruins Of the Islands in the Aegean Cretan and Ionian Seas THE Islands that are adjacent to Greece are 1. Such as are in the Archipelago or the Aegean Sea which are about 43 and of late years have had 1450000 Inhabitants that paid the Harach or Pollmoney to the Turks few or no Turks live in them because of the Corsairs Being Christians they are subject to the Metropolitan of Scio and are governed by their own Archontes and admire their own poor Freedom 2. The Isles of the Cretan Sea that are the Bar of the Arches 3. The Islands of the Ionian Sea now are all under the Venetian Of the Aegean Isles THE chief of these Islands are 1. Negropont by the Greeks called Egripos but formerly Macris Abantis and Eubaea it lyes East of Achaia from which it is said to be once separated by an Earthquake which made the narrow Strait called Euripus whose ebbing and flowing is not only seven times a day but sometimes 11 12 13 14 times in the space of 4 or 5 hours This Island is Queen of the Aegean Sea as well for fertility as greatness about 100 miles in length and 25 in breadth and is plentiful in Sheep Kids and Goats Fish Wine and Fruits and all other Provisions The chief City is Negropont or Egripos n a Peninsula near the place where Chalcis stood a place formerly of great wealth and power and since so well fortified that it cost the Turks A.D. 1471. 40000 men in the taking of it from the Venetians there S. Erizzo was murdered and his beautiful Daughter Signora Anna refusing the splendid Courtship of Mahomet was hewn in pieces by him 2. Caristus now Caristo
Country In the Kingdom of Tunquin at Siam in the Island of Java and in other places The Spaniards possess the largest and best part of all America where they have a great number of Cities 1. In Northern America New Spain where are the Parliaments of Mexico Guadalaira and Guatimala the Islands of Cuba Hispaniola Boriquen c. besides St. Austins and St. Matthews in Florida and some part of New Mexico In the Southern America the Golden Castile otherwise call'd the Continent where are the Parliaments of Panama and of the New Kingdom of Granada Peru where are the Parliaments of Quito Lima and de la Plata Chili and Paraguay which comprehends the Country of Tucuman and de la Plata The Islands also of Solomon in the South Sea. 3. All along the Coast of Africa upon the Sea-shore Larache Mahamore and the Canaries 4. Toward the East most part of the Phillipine Islands otherwise call'd the Manilles They had also some part of the Molucques but these they have long since quitted The Portugueses enjoy all the Coast of Brasil in Southern America and all along upon that Coast the Captainships of Para Maranhaon Ciara Rio Grande Paraiba Tamaraca Pernambuco Seregippe Baia de Todos los Santos Los Isleos Porto Seguro Spirito Santo Rio Janeiro San Vincente Toward the mouths of the Amazon River Estero Corduba and Cogemine 2. In Africa upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Morocco Mazagan Some Forts upon the River St. Dominic Upon the Coasts of Guiny Congo and Angola and certain Habitations in the Island of St. Thomas The Acores Madera and Porto Santo The Islands of Cape Verd and of the Prince Fernando Poo Annabon c. 3. Several places in the East-Indies viz. Cafreria upon the Coast of Monamotopa the Castle of Sofala the Village of Sena a Factory with a little Fort at Cape Corientes with other strong Houses upon the Entries of Guama and the Rivers upon the Coast In Zanguebar which is upon the Coast of Melinda The City and Castle of Mozambique with the strong Fort of St. Mark Factories and some little Forts at Angoxa and Quilimarre The Castle of Quiloa and a Factory in the Island Monfia The City and Castle of Mombaze the Castle of Melinda with the Villages and Factories of Pale and Ampaze The Trade of the Coast of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to the Red-Sea In the Island Zocotora at Aden Fartach and Balsara In Persia Factories and half the Customs of the Island of Baharem and Congue the Traffick to Benderrich to Cape Jasques and other places In India belonging to the Great Mogul Damaon with the Forts of St. John Kielme Matri and Barampor Becaim the Fort Bandera otherwise call'd Manora the Village of Tana fortified with three Bastions the Rock of Asterim Ougueli upon the Ganges the Trade of Agra Amadabat Cambaye Surat Baroche Bengala and in Decan they have Chaul with the Forts of Morro Caranga the Village of Massagan Goa with her Fortresses in the Country of Bardes and the Islands of Coran and Divar and some other Lands about Goa Upon the Coast of China Macao In the Island Solor the Village and Fort of Larentoque the Traffick of Persia Golconda Aracan Pegu Tanacerin Ligor Odia and other Places of Siam Camboya and the Island of Timor The English have extraordinarily augmented their Territories in America They Trade to and Possess all the Northwest part of America New-York New-Jersey Pensilvania Mary-Land Virginia Carolina New-England most part of the Isle of New-found-land all Bermudas Long-Island Manhatten now New-York c. Of the Lucaya Isles as New-Providence c. Among the Southward Isles Barbadoes Barbouda Anguilla part of St. Christophers Montferrat Meuvis Antigo Dominico and part of St. Vincent St. Katherine's Isle called the Island of Providence Jamaica and Trinity Isle The Holy Point They had some Colonies in Surinam Maroni Sinamari c. with some Forts upon the Coast of Guyana In Africa Tangier near the Streights Fort St. Andrew upon the River of Gambia Fort St. Philip toward the River St. Dominico Tagrin Madrebomba Taxorari Cape Corso Emacham or Naschange and other places in Guinia and the Island of St. Hellens Madrespatan and Fort St. George upon the Coast of Cormandel The Island of Bombay Angediva A Factory at Surratt and Bantam with Houses where the Presidents live They have also Factories at Ispahan and Gombru where they have half the Customs a Trade at Agra Amadabat Cambaya Brodra Baroche Dabul Pettapoli Maslipatan at Balasor Oguely and at Daca in Bengal at Prianam and Jamby in Sumatra In Siam Camboya Tunquin and the Island Formosa The Hollanders were expelled out of their New-Holland in America However they still possess the Islands of St. Eustace Saba Curacco where they have the Fort Amsterdam and Tobago or New Flushing if not lately beaten out by the French. The City of Coro upon the firm Land. The Colonies of Rio Poumaron where there is the New City of Middleburg and the Fort Nova Hollandia Rio Esequebe a wide and great River at whose mouth lyeth three great Islands viz. Lugewaen Magrieten and Parrats Island Higher up the River are seven other Islands and further up the River is the Fort Kiick-over-all Rio Demarary and River Barbiezos The Colony of Soronam where is the Fort Pamaribo The River Caperwaca or Aperruvaca and the River Winypoco or Waiapoco and other places upon the Coast of Guyana In Africa Arguin and Goree toward Cape Verd where they have a Fort and Factories at Rufisque at Porto d' Alé and Joal St. George of the Mine the Fort of the Mine the Fort of Nassau or Mouré Cormentin Axime and Botrou in Guiny upon the Gold Coast Many Forts in Congo c. at the Cape of Good Hope and at Table Bay two Forts more In the Islands of Madagascar and St. Maurice Upon the Coast of Malabar Onor Barcelor Mangalor Cananor Cranganor Cochin Coulan Upon the Coast of Cormandel Tuticorin Negapatan Karkalle and Gueldres near Pallecate In the Indian Peninsula beyond Ganges Malacca with the Forts and Islands belonging to it In the Island of Ceylon Negombo Colombo Galle Baticalo Trinquilimaly Jafnipatan and a Fortress called Blakenburg in the Island of Mamar In the Island of Java Jacatra called Batavia and its Dependencies The Isle Amsterdam Leyden Middleburgh Delft Encbysen and Horn. The Isle of Bima part of the Molucca Islands In Ternate the Forts Tacomma Talucco Malaya and Gammalamme In Motir the Fort of Nassau In Machian Taffaso Tabilolla Naflaquia otherwise Nahaca and Maurice In Bachian Gammadore and Laboiia In Gilolo Sabou and Coma. In the Island of Amboyna Coubella and Lovio In the Banda Islands Nassaw and Belgia in Nera and Revenge in Powleway The Redoubt Hittow in the Isle Hittow In the Island of Solor Fort Henry Fort Janpaudam otherwise called Roterdam near the City of Macassar The Islands of Savo and Bocon near Macassar with another Fort in Timor Part of
and 24 Grosz makes a currant Ducat which is 6 Livers 4 Solz By others in Ducats and Grosses at 6 Livers and 4 Solz per Ducat reckoning 24 Gross to a Ducat Others by Livers Solds and Deniers of Piccoli which is the currant Coin of the City The Ducat of Gold is worth 24 Deniers the Liver of Grosses are of two sorts one de Banco usually valued at 4 s. 4 d. Sterling the other at 3 s. 4 d. which varieth according to the Rise and fall of Money in Exchange By the Monthly Accompt of 1687 't is said that the Ducats which were worth 7 Livers will go hence forward for no more than 6. The Pistols which were valued at 11 are set at 9 Livers 12 Solz and the rest proportionable Their Weights are of 4 sorts the 100 l. Gross is 158 l. Subtle and 106 English The 100 l. Subtle for fine Goods is 83 l. and a half Gross and makes at London 64 l. some say 66. And 100 English is 151 Venice Subtle The 100 l. of Silver or Gold thread is 116 l. 8 Ounces Subtle The other is for Silver Gold and Gemms Their Measures are two called the Braces the one for Silks Damask c. of which 5 Braces makes 3 Yards English or one Brace is 22 Inches 47 / 49 English The other for Stuffs Linnen c. whereof 5 makes 2 Ells and a half English or the Brace is 25 English Inches Wine is sold by a Measure called the Amphora which is 4 Bigorzas the Bigorza is 4 Quarts the Quart 4 Sachies the Sachie 4 Liras Oyl is sold as well by weight as measure the measure is called the Miro which makes by measure 25 l. and by weight 30 l. 3 Ounces Of the Coins Weights and Measures of the Chief Cities in Asia Of Arabia THE Money of Arabia is called Larins and are in Value as one of the French Crowns only they want in weight 8 Sous of the French Crown or Rial of Spain which is about 14 per Cent. loss These Larins are the Ancient Coins of Asia but only currant in Arabia and at Balsera and along the Persian Gulf where they take 80 Larins for one Toman which is 50 Abassis Another Author I find that saith that all the Coins throughout all Arabia especially Arabia Faelix are the same or at least do correspond with those under the Grand Signior's Dominions In other places viz. the Asper 60 whereof or rather 80 makes a Rial of 8 Spanish or a Dollar also 100 Aspers are reckoned for a Sultanie Chequin Zechin or Sheriff which are the common Gold Coins and held to be about 8 s. Sterl That their Weights are also much the same with those of Turkey viz. the Dram of which 10 makes an Ounce and 14 Ounces a Rotello 24 Rotello's is a Fracello which is 25 l. 12 Ounces English 15 Fracello's is a Cantar or as 't is called at Aden a Bahar making about 386 pound English Their Measure is also Turkish viz. the Pico Esteemed to be 26 Inches and a half English Of the Chief Cities in Turkey c. Of Aleppo ALeppo is the most Famous City of all the Grand Signior's Dominions and is Seated about 100 English miles from Alexandretta or Scandaroone which is the Sea-Port and Road for all Ships to Lade or unlade their Goods which are Transported by Camels to Aleppo Commodities are Silks Chamlets Galnuts Valaneed which is a sort of Acorn-shell which the Curriers use to dress their Leather Cotton Yarn Mohairs Soap Drugs of all forts Galls c. Coins of the Country are Shehees of which 16 make a Piece of Eight and 14 of them a Lyon Dollar The Sultanie which is two Dollars or Pieces of Eight which is 80 Aspers the Lyon Dollar is seventy Aspers Thevenot says that at Aleppo the Piaster of Rials is worth 80 Aspers The Boguelle 70. The Schaiad 5 Aspers and 16 Schaieds for a Piaster and 14 for a Boguelle The Weights are the Dram and the Rotello which differs in Drams according to the Commodities The Rottulo is 4 l. 13 Ounces that is 720 Drams The Rottulo for the Persian or Ledg-Silk is 680 Drams 72¾ Ounces The Balladine Rottulo is 720 Drams 74¼ Ounces The Aleppo Rottle Thev The Tripoli Silk Rottulo is the same The Castravan Silk Rottul is 600 Drams 4 l. Engl. and 5 l. Marseilles The Aleppo Wells is 120 Drams 13 Ounces Engl. The Cyprus Cotton Kintal of 100 Rottulo's is 506 l. Engl. The Kintal of 100 Rottulo's is 625 l. Levorne The Oque contains 400 Drams Others tell us a Kintal of 100 Rottulo's is 430 l. Engl. called a Cantar A Wesno of Silver is 100 Drams and there is a Wesno of 3600 Drams 60 Drams to one Ounce and 12 Ounces to the Rotello which is about 4 l. 14 Ounces Avoirdupoise so that 112 l. Avoirdupoise is 22 Rotello's 8 Ounces and 100 Rotello's is a Cantar which is 481 l. Avoirdupoise Gold Silver Precious Stones c. are sold by the Mittigal which is one Dram and a half a Dram is sixty Carratâ and a Carrat is four Grains The Measure is the Pico which is 27 Inches or three quarters of a Yard English The Measured Pike is ¾ of a Yard English Of Alexandria A Kintal is 103 l. English A 100 Rottulo's is 101 per Marseilles 330 Rottulo's is a Sciba which is 120 l. Livorne Of Bagdat THevenot tells us that the Patman makes three Rottles of Aleppo or 6 Oques and 3 Ounces That the Abassi is worth there two Chais and ½ The Piastre Rial is worth 8 Chais and each Chais 5 Paras and the Para is 4 Aspers The Boquelle is worth 7 Chais The Turkish Chequin is worth 18. the Venetian 19 Chais Of Smyrna SMyrna Weight 180 Drams is a Rottello 100 Rottelo's is a Kintal of 45 Oaks and is 119 l. English 44 Oaks is a Kintal 2400 Drams or 6 Oaks is a Battman 400 Drams is an Oak which is 2 l. 11 Ounces Avoir English 800 Drams is a Chigue 250 Drams is an Oak Opium 120 Drams is an Oak of Saffron 146 Drams is a Pound English To reduce Rottelo's into Oaks multiplied by 9 and take the half thereof cutting off the last figure and multiply that by 20. To bring Oaks into Rottello's per Cont. that is multiply by 20 and divide by 9. To bring Rottello's into Battmans multiply by 3 cut off the last figure and divide by 4 adding the remainder to the figure cut off which mult by 60. To bring Battmans into Rot. mult by 40 and divide by 3. To reduce Battmans into Kintals mult by 2 and divide by 15. To bring Kintals into Battmans multiply by 15 then take the half for 7½ Battmans is a Kintal By the Kintal of 45 Oaks are Sold Cotten-yarn in sorts Gawles Allom Lead Brazeel-wood Bees-wax Valonea Logwood Steel Sugar Gums Almonds By the Kintal of 44 Oaks is sold Cotton-wool and Sheeps-wool in sorts Tin Anniseeds and
Mediterranean and the River Euphrates The ancient Greeks were wont to store it with Colonies and the Grand Cyrus did not think his Empire considerable without it For the same Reason have so many Battels been fought either to preserve or conquer it The Ancients divided this Anatolia or Asia Minor into several lesser Parts or Regions viz. Pontus Bithynia Paphlagonia Cappadocia Armenia Minor Cilicia Isauria Pamphylia Lycia Caria Jonia Aeolis Lydia or Maeonia Pisidia Lycaonia Galatia Phrygia Major Minor Misia and Troas Here I had intended to have given a larger Description of all the ancient Names of places c. contained in this Asiatique Turky viz. in Asia Minor Mesopotamia Armenia Assyria Caldea or Babylonia Arabia Terra Sancta Syria c. But having lately purchased six Plates vulgarly called Scriptural Maps viz. First Of all the Earth and how after the Flood it was divided among the Sons of Noah Second Of Paradise or the Garden of Eden with the Countries circumjacent inhabited by the Patriarchs Third The 40 years Travel of the Children of Israel through the Wilderness Fourth Canaan or the Holy Land as it was divided among the 12 Tribes of Israel and travelled through by our Saviour Fifth The Travels of St. Paul and other of the Apostles in the propagating of the Gospel Sixth Jerusalem as it flourished in our Saviour's time I shall therefore here only give you the present State and View of those Countries and refer you to my Description of those Mapâ which will be a most complete Epitome of the whole History of those Eastern Countries It now contains four Beglegbegs or principal Governments that of Natolia at Cutaye or Cute Turcis teste Leuncl Cutaige or Chiutaie teste Band. Kietahi P. Rycant of Caramania at Cogni or Gogni the Iconium of Cic. Zenop. Plin. of Amasia at Tocat or Siwas or Suvas the Sebastiopolis of Plin. and Ptol. of Aladuli at Marazh or Marasch by the Turks Zulkadie The City of Bursa the Prusa of Strab. Plin. Ptol. Prusias Solino Bursa Belon Buruss Turcis teste Leuncl built by King Prusias who betrayed Hannibal An. Mundi 3297. taken by the Turks A. D. 1300. It was the Residence of the Kings of Bithynia and of some of the Greek Emperors and lastly of some of the Turkish Emperors till they won Constantinople The first of the Ottoman Race were buried there except Solyman the first who would be buried at the Mouth of the Dardanels near Gallipoli It yields to none unless Constantinople either for wealth or number of Inhabitants Nicomedia Comedia Nicor Isnigimid Ismir Turcis teste Leuncl 't is now a place of great Traffick for Silks Cottons Wooll Linen Fruits Pots Glasses and other Commodities Nice or Isnich Nicaea of Strab. Plin. Ptol. prius Antigonia Strab. Olbia Plin. Ancore Steph. Isnich Nichor Leuncl Nichaea Soph. is famous for the first General Council of 318 Bishops Ann. 325. and for the Residence of the Grecian Emperors after the Franks had taken Constantinople Anno 1201. Angouri Angara Leuncl Enguni Turcis Ancyra Strab. Plin. Angyra ex Codice Graeco famous for Tamerlan's Victory over Bajazet Emperor of the Turks and before that for Pompey's Victory over Mithridates and now for good Chamlets Troy Pergamus and Sardis have been Royal Cities Troy renowned for the Ten years Siege of the Greeks whose Ruines also are mixed with the Remains of soââ modern Structures Pergamus by the Turks Bergama is about 60 or 64 miles N. N. W. from Smirna watered by the River Cacus is famous for the wealth of King Attalus who overcame the Galatae or Gallo-Grecians in a bloody Battel was confederate with the Romans against King Philip for the ââvention of Parchment for the Birth-place of Galen for its Tapestry and for its being one of the Seven Churches That of Sardis by Hâââ Meone for the Residence of Croesus and other the Kings of Lydia Sinope upon the Black Sea for its Copper Mines and for the Residence of Mithridates the most formidable Enemy of the Romans Scutari formerly Chalcedon where the 4th General Council was held 't is now a miserable Village with heaps of ancient Ruines and Monuments of destruction Abydos now one of the Dââdanels was famous for the Loves of Hero and Leander and for the passage of Xerxes prodigious Army over a Bridge of 674 Gallies Foglia Vecchia formerly Phocaea the Mother of Marseââes the firsâ City which was taken by a formal Siege by Harpagus Lieutenant to Grand Cyrus Smirna Ismir Turcis for Trade by Sea and Land is the most celebrated City in the Levant hither the Western Fleets are bound and from hence the fairest Caravans set out feated at the bottom of a Gulph which is seven Leagues in length defended with a Castle or Fort in such a part of the Gulph that no Ships can escape its Command One of the Seven Churches of Asia at this day a great City but not so great and beautiful as formerly here are the Ruines of the Amphitheater where it is said St. Polycarp was exposed to fight with Lions This City is very populous wherein is reckoned no less than Sixty thousand Turks Fifteen thousand Greeks Eight thousand Armenââns Six or seven thousand Jews besides European Christians Smirna is a place of great plenty the Soil abounding with Oil and Wine The Sea affords good store of Fish and Fowl is very cheap But the Heats are very excessive in Summer and would be insupportable were it not for the Breezes that come off the Sea about 10 in the Morning and continues till the Evening but the Plague and malignant Fevers that succeed it are more destructive Over the gate of the upper Castle the Roman Eagles continue still Engraved and a great Head of Stone by the Turks called Coidafa which some think it to be the great Amazon Smirna which gave Name to this City Ephesus Efeso Soph. Figena or Fiena cast Ayasaluck Turcis Rycant During the Trojan War Pliny tells us it was called Alopes then Ortygia by Lysimachus Arsinoa then Morgas then Ephesus 45 Miles from Smirna and about 5 Miles from the Sea upon the River Cayster another of the 7 Churches of Asia Once famous for the Temple of Diana said to be Four hundred twenty five Feet in length Two hundred and twenty in breadth supported with One hundred and twenty seven Marble Pillars Seventy Feet high Two hundred and twenty years a building seven times fired the last time was in the Night that Alexander was born Laodicea more anciently Diospolis one of the Seven Churches now forgotten in its Name and overwhelmed in its Ruines which are by the Turks called Eskihisar not far from a place called Dingizlee inhabited by Greeks seated upon the River Lycus Philadelphia another of the Seven Churches by the Turks Alashaher or the fair City is yet adorned with Twelve Churches which profess the Christian Faith. 'T is seated on the Rising of the Mountain Tmolus and watered with the River Pactolus And
Jewels of Spices of Silks and other costly Commodities which are brought thither by Sea and Land and from thence sent into other Parts of the World by the Port of Alexandretta or Scandaroon 3. Hamah Leuncl Hamous Bellon Aman aliis Damant in mappa Bleau is the Apamea or Apamia of the Ancients built by Seleucus and so called from the Name of his Wife seated in the midst of a great Plain encompassed with pleasant Hills abounding in Corn and Wine Its Orchards stored with Variety of Fruits and Palm-Trees Its Gardens watered with many Chanels drawn from the Orontes 4. Hams Hemz Turcis Haman Bell. Chemps Postel I. Kydo Camalu Nigro is the Emisa Euseb Emissa Ptol. Hemesa Plin. for pleasant Situation much as the same with Hamah 5. Seleucia built near the Mouth of Orontes by Seleucus esteemed the greatest City-Builder in the World viz. 9 of his own Name 16 in memory of his Father Antiochus 6 bearing the Name of his Mother Laodicea and 3 in remembrance of his Wife Apamoea besides several others either built repaired or beautified by him It had the Surname of Pieria called also Soldin Nig. Seleuche-Jolber Leone Sidonienfi 6. Zeugma seated on the Banks of the River Euphrates where Alexander the Great passed over on a Bridge of Boats. 7. Samosatha Seempsat L. Sidoniensi near the Banks of the Euphrates over which there was a Bridge for a passage into Mesopotamia here was born Lucian and Paulus Samosatenus Patriarch of Antioch who was condemned for Heresie 8. Palmira Amagara Ortel Fayd Sans seated near the Desart of Arabia famous for Zenobia who stood in opposition with Gallienus for the Empire of the East but was taken Prisoner and led in Triumph through Rome by Aurelian 9. Adada is memorable for the Victory that Aretus King of Arabia obtained against Alexander King of Jewry 10. Damascus Damasco Europaeis Sciam Minad Scham incolis Leuncl Damas Gallis once the chief City of Syria and one of the most ancient in all Asia seated near the River Chrysorrhoas Pharphar Hebraeis Adegele Bell. Farfar Ferne Gist in a Soil so fertile in Gardens Orchards and Vineyards a place so pleasant with Rivers and Fountains so surfeiting of Delights so ravishing with Pleasures that some have called it The Paradise of the World famous for the Temple of Zacharias garnished with 40 stately Porches and adorned with about 9000 Lanthorns of Gold and Silver Ruined and destroyed by the Persians Macedonians Romans Parthians Saracens Tartars by the Soldans of Egypt and by the Turks After the Battel of Issus Alexander the Great found in Damas 200600 Talents of coined Mony and 500 Talents uncoined Laudicha Laodicea Cic. Strab. Plin. Laodice Polyb. so called from Laodice the Wife of Antiochus and Mother of Seleucus surnamed Cabiosa called Lizza Lyche Minad Olivario 100 Miles from Damascus There was also another Laodicea Ptol. upon the Sea-Coast 30 Miles from Antioch West Rhamata Hebraeis Lyche incolis teste Mol. Beritus now Barutti or Berite once much frequented by Merchants and others near which is that noted Valley where as it is said St. George by killing the Dragon redeemed the King's Daughter Biblus now Gibbeleth was the Habitation of Cinivas the Father of Myrrha Mother to the fair Adonis from whom the Neighbouring River took its Name once a Bishops See now desolate I had almost forgot Alexandretta or Scanderone the Sea-port of Aleppo a confused heap of paltry Houses inhabited by the Greeks who keep Fudling Schools for the Mariners and other meaner sort of the People only the dwellings of the Vice-Consuls are very convenient But Tavernier saith They must be Men who love Money that accept of those Employments for the Air like that at Ormus is so bad in Summer especially that if it doth not kill yet they cannot avoid very dangerous Distempers And after some stay there to remove to a better Air is to endanger their Lives But Auri sacra fames Of MESOPOTAMIA THE Padan Aram of the Scripture Yrakin by the Persians Jazeirey by the Arabians Meredin by the Arminians by the Turks Diarbeck is a Peninsula between the Euphrates and Tygris on the West South and East and on the North the Mountains separate it from Turcomania the South part desart and barren the Northern part abounding with Corn and Wine A Country memorable for the Birth of Abraham and Rebecca the long Abode of Jacob and the Birth of his Children the Original of the Hebrew Nation Successively subjected to the Babylonians Assyrians Medes and Persians from them Conquer'd by the Romans Recover'd again by the Persians then sell into the power of the Sarazens and now enslaved under the Turks Orpha or Ourfa is the ancient Edesa Edessa Ptol. Plin. Edesa Strab. Erech by the Hebrews and Rages as Villanovanus tells us Orpha by Paulus Jovius Rotas by Haithonus Rhoas Rhoa Niger Orfa by P. Gyllius Rohai al. Orrhoai Arab. The Capital City of Mesopotamia where they dress the Yellow Cordovant Skins the Blue at Tocat the Red at Diabeker Carrha known to the Romans for the death of wealthy Crassus Orfa Baud. Heren Nig. Sans Dr. Leonard Ronwolf who in Anno 1575. was at Haran tells us it was then called Ophra 11 days Journy or 232 Miles from Mosul or Ninive That it was a fair City well inhabited and richly furnished with Merchandize but especially with fair Coverlets of divers Colours Tavernier and Thuenot tell us That Ourfa is built where stood the ancient Edessa memorable in the Church History for the Story of Abagarus and in Roman History for the death of the Emperor Caracalla and by the Report of the Inhabitants the place where Abraham lived So that Havan Edessa Carrha and Orfa seem to me to be all the same City The Walls of the City are of Free Stone with Battlements and Towers but Ruinous within upon the South-side there is a Castle upon a Hill with some old pitiful Guns The City is governed by a Bashaw Diarbeker or Diarbequir is also the Caramit or Caremu Carahemit Turcis teste Leuncl the Amida of Procop. Ammaea Ptol. Hemit incolis olim Constantia dicta teste Baud. Zoriga Molet seated near the Tygris a Frontier Town of great Strength the Seat of a Turkish Basha containing two or three fair Piazza's and a magnificent Mosque formerly a Christian Church 'T is well peopled containing by Report 2000 Christians â
Armenians the rest Nestoreans and some few Jacobites Famous for its Red Marroquins surpassing in Colour all others in the last as also for excellent Wine and good Bread. Bi r or Birigeon is seated on the Euphrates upon the Brow of a Hill Plenty of Bread Wine and Fish Sharmely Tav Tcharmelick Thev is a very good Town with a fair Inn and very good Baths round about it near which is a Mountain on the top whereof is a Fortress with a Garison which the Grand Visier in the Year 1631. after his loss at Bagdat intended to have
made his Refuge but was strangled before he could accomplish his design Dadacardia Tav The Ruines whereof denote it to have been a large Town but now the Inhabitants have no other Habitation but the Hollows of Rocks Cousasar Tav Kodgiasar Thev is a Village where you pay the Customs of Diarbequir Tav rather of Merdin teste Thev Merdin Marde Herod Ptol. Merdino Onuph Mirdin Barb. Mirdanum Procopio two Leagues from Kodgiasar is a little City seated on a Mountain with good Walls and a Castle where is resident a Basha who hath under him 200 Spahi's and 400 Janizaries Karasara Tav Caradene Thev shews the Ruines of seven or eight Churches and was once a great Town one days Journy from Nesbin Nesbin is but the shadow of the ancient Nisibis of Strab. Ptol. Plut. Plin. and formerly a great Town now hardly an ordinary Village Mosul upon the West side of the River Tygris is encompassed with Walls of rough Stone plaistered over with little pointed Battlements on the Top. It hath a Castle built of Free Stone and the Walls are about three Fathom high on the Land side separated from the Town by a Ditch five or six Fathoms broad and very deep In the Castle there are six large Guns whereof one is broken and one is mounted several Field-pieces whereof two mounted The Tygris here in Summer is not broader than the River Sein in France but deep and rapid and in Winter 't is as broad again And here I cannot omit what Thevenot affirms of Sanson's Map of this Country viz. That besides the mistakes of Rivers he hath made so many Faults in the position of Places in their Distances as also in their Names that nothing of the Country is true in the Map. Diarbeck taken in general comprehends Arzerum the Assyria of old and Yerac the ancient Chaldea or Babylonia the chief Cities whereof are Babylon and Nineveh which were heretofore very famous now altogether ruined Nineveh just over against Mosul was the Residence of the King of Assyria 24 Leagues in Circuit The voluntary death of Sardanapalus and the Repentance of the Inhabitants have renowned it in Story Towards the Frontiers of Assyria inhabited a Warlike People called The Curds where many great Battels have been fought viz. That at Arbela and Gaugamela Plin. or Gangamela Strab. now near to if not the same with Schiahrazur the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Renowned for the Victory of Alexander the Great against Darius killing above 400000 Persians with the loss of 300 Macedonians There the Califfs wan the Battel of Maraga which made them Masters of all Persia And near to Chuy Selim defeated Ishmael Sephi who had always been a Victor before Babylon lay a small days Journy from Bagdat which stands upon the Tygris and is only a heap of Ruins in a place called Felougia near to which they shew the place where stood the Tower of Babel famous for the Confusion of Languages This Babylon was built by Nimrod whom some affirm to be Belus Semiramis and Nebuchadnezzar much augmented it The first of the two having encompassed it with such Walls as were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the high and fair Gardens upon the Terras were no less admir'd It was taken by Cyrus by Darius by Alexander the Great who died there and by Seleucus The power and wealth of Babylon was so great that it contributed more to the Grand Cyrus than the third part of all his Dominions Next to Babylon Seleucia called Coche and Alexandria then Seleucia from Antiochus the Son of Seleucius teste Martiano now Bagdad or Bagadat teste Sansone was the most considerable City in all Asia and then Ctesiphon Baghdat or Bagadad generally called Babylon is not only the Rendezvous of several Merchants but also of the Mahumetans of all parts of Asia who go to visit the Sepulchres of Omar and Haly and other Mahometan Saints It was a long time the Residence of the Caliphs Ulit who was one of them was Master of one of the greatest Monarchies in the World for it extended from the most Western parts of Barbary to the East-Indies Another Caliph of this City at his death left Eight Sons Eight Daughters Eight Millions of Gold Eight thousand Slaves and the addition of Eight Kingdoms to his Dominion In the Year 1638. when Amurath the Fourth re-took it from the Persians he caused three Men out of every Tent through his Army to be cast into the Moat and over them a vast number of Bavins and Wooll-Sacks that he might the more easily assault the Town Kufa or Mecha Ali is a City for which the Mahometans have a particular Veneration as being the Burying place of Haly. Bassora or Balsora is the Teredon of Strab. Plin. Ptol. a Town near the mouth of Tygris which they of the Country call Shat. It is large and pleasant by reason of its Palm-Trees The conveniency of its Port furnishes India and Persia with Dates which are Bread and Wine to those that know how to order them Some few Years since Balsora fell under the Jurisdiction of Ali-Bassa who styl'd himself King thereof who left it to his Successors who enjoy it from Father to Son paying a small Tribute to the Grand Signior who is afraid to oppress him lest he should revolt but these two last Places properly belong to Arabia Of CANAAN CANAAN by Rob. Morden THis Country was first Inhabited by Canaan the Son of Cham and called by his Name He dying left it to his 11 Sons that bore the Name of the Children of Canaan at what time it contained 52 Kingdoms and 5 Satrapes Divided afterwards into 12 Tribes that bore the Names of the Sons of Jacob and Israel being conquered by Joshua and possessed by the Israelites who for 386 years were governed by Captains and Judges after that for 418 years by Kings From Rehoboam 10 Tribes revolted who chose the fugitive Jeroboam for their King His Successors were styled Kings of Israel so that it then contained 2 Kingdoms viz. 1st of Judah whose regal Seat was Jerusalem 2d of Israel whose Seat was at Samaria After 259 Years the Israelites were led into Captivity by the King of Assyria some say beyond the Caspian Mountains from whence they never returned And the Assyrians possessed their Land and were called Samaritans The People of Judah were also afterwards carried Captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar after set at liberty by Cyrus and returned back under the Conduct of Zerubbabel After this they were called Jews and the Country Jewry and for about 364 years they were governed by Aristocracy until the Maccabees who after many Conflicts with their powerful Neighbours uphold the Government 131 years during which interval the Romans under Pompey conquer'd Judea and after the Death of Antigonus the last of the Race of the Maccabees Herod is made King by Augustus and Anthony a man of admirable Virtues and execrable Vices fortunate abroad unfortunate in his Family his
Life Tragical his Death desperate After whose Death the Kingdom was divided into 2 parts half of it had the title of Ethnarch the other half divided into 2 Tetarchies Archelaus banished and dying in Exile his Ethnarchy was reduced into a Roman Province and the Government committed unto Pontius Pilate by Tiberius Caesar under whom our Saviour the Holy Jesus did suffer Death when the Jews cried out his Blood be upon Us and Ours A wish not long after effected with all fulness of Terror for the Calamities of the War inflicted by Gallus Vespasian and Titus exceed both Example and Description and destroyed about 110000 Thousand People The Land destroyed and on every Head an Annual Tribute imposed The Jews were quiet until the Reign of Adrian when again they raised new Commotions being headed by Berochab their counterfeit Messiah but Julius Severus Lieutenant to Adrian razed 50 of their strong holds and 985 Towns and slew five hundred and fourscore Thousand so that the Countries lay waste and the ruined Cities became an habitation for wild Beasts and the Captives were transported into Spain and from thence again exiled in the year 1500. In which Interval of time the Country inhabited by other People about the time of Constantine embraced the Christian Religion But in the Reign of Phocas the Persians overran the whole Country of Palestine inflicting unheard of Tortures on the patient Christians No sooner freed from that Yoak but they suffered under a greater by the execrable Saracens under the Conduct of Omar who were long after expulsed by the Turks then newly planted in Persia by Tangrolipix When the Christians of the West for the recovery of the Land set forth an Army of 300000 Godfry of Bologne the General who made thereof an absolute Conquest and was elected King of Jerusalem in the 89th year of that Kingdom and during the Reign of Guy the Christians were utterly driven out and destroyed by Saladine the Egyptian Sultan who held it until Selymus the first Emperor of the Turks in the year 1517 added the Holy Land together with Egypt unto the Ottoman Empire under whose power it now is governed by two Sanziacks under the Bassa of Damascus one residing at Jerusalem the other at Naplous It is now for the most part inhabited by Moors and Arabians those possessing the Vallies these the Mountains some few Turks many Greeks with other Christians of all Sects and Nations some Jews who inherit no part of the Land but live as Aliens in their own Country The Chorographical Division of Canaan This Land of Canaan within Jordan was divided into 5 principal Parts or Provinces vix 1st Jewry in the South where King Davids Throne was set and the Holy City built comprehending the two Tribes of Judah and Benjamin 2d Samaria in the midst the chief Seat of the 10 Tribes of Israel containing the Tribe of Ephraim and the half Tribe of Manasses 3d Galile in the North East where Christ Jesus was very conversant and was divided into the higher and the lower containing part of Asher all Napthali and part of Zebulun 4th Phaenicia on the North-West part of Canaan containing the Sea-coast of Asher and Zebulun 5th The Land of the Philistins upon the West of Canaan whose Country was allotted to Judah Dan and Simeon these were always great Enemies to the Israelites and from them was the whole Land called Palestine The Land of Canaan without Jordan possessed by the Amorites who had diven out the Moabites and Ammonites contained 3 principal parts 1st part of the Kingdom of Sihon King of the Amorites in Heshbon taken from the Moabites which was given to the Reubenites 2d The Land of Gilead which contained part of the Kingdom of Sihon taken from the Ammonites and part of the Kingdom of Og King of Bashan which was given to the Gadites 3d. The rest of the Kingdom of Og with half Gilead and the Region of Argob was given to the half Tribe of Manasses All which are delineated in the Map as also the Names of the Chief Cities and Towns in each Tribe Once a Country so fertile that it was called A Land flowing with Milk and Honey adorned with pleasant Mountains and luxurious Vallies neither scorched with Heat nor pinched with Cold. The Wealth and Power of it so Great the People Cities and Towns so Numerous that there was no Country in the World that could compare with it But now remains a fearful Monument of Divine Vengeance a sad and dismal Mirror for all other like sinful Countries to view their Destiny by Jerusalem though fallen from her ancient Lustre deserves still our Remembrance Once her Kings her Princes her Temple her Palaces were the Greatest the Richest the Fairest and most Magnificent in the World. Once a City Sacred and Glorious the Seat of Infinite Majesty the Theatre of Mysteries and Miracles the Diadem in the Circle of Crowns and the Glory of the Universe but now Icabod It was ruined by Nebuchadnezzar Vespasian and Titus utterly razed it and destroyed above Eleven hundred thousand People To describe this Country in all its Circumstances to speak of its Laws Religions its Divisions Wars and Alterations to write of all the various Transactions that have hapned in it would require a Volume of itself I shall therefore leave it to my aforesaid Description of this Part of the World where I shall give a more particular Geographical and Historical Relation of its Cities Towns and other memorable Transactions which will be a very useful and necessary Introduction into the Principia ' of ancient Geography and History Of ARMENIA MAJOR GEORGIA c. ARMENIA GEORGIA COMANIA By Rob t Morden ARmenia is divided by the River Euphrates into two parts Major and Minor. The greater Armenia is by the Turks call'd Turcomania by the Persians Thoura Emnoe or Aremnoe by the Nestorians Zelbecdibes by Sanson Curdistan by Cluver Papul and Curdi The ancient Inhabitants were the Mardi and Gordiaei now the Turcomans and Curdes The first are said to be descended from Turquestan in Tartary from whence came the Turks The later are descended from the ancient People of Assyria Ptolomy divided Armenia into four principal parts which contained 20 Provinces and 87 Cities Pliny accounted 120 Strategies Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province A Country much better known and more famous in ancient Time than now The Advantage of its Bounds the Nature of its Situation the Magnificence of some of its Kings among which Tygranes Son-in-law to Mithridates King of Pontus hath been the most Famous its Greatness Government and Riches much contributed to its Renown In this Country are the Heads of four Rivers Euphrates Tygris Phasis and Araxes Euphrates Perath Moses Frat Nicolaio Morot sou Turcis from one side of the Mountain Mingol falls this River which divides Armenia and Mesopotamia from Asia Minor Syria and Arabia descends into Chaldea where it waters the ancient Babylon and joins with Tygris somwhat below
John de Acre or Jerusalem by Emanuel the Greek Emperor in the year 1308. but in the year 1522. after it had been defended against the Infidels 214 years it was taken by Solyman the Great and after six Months Siege it was surrendred Villerius being the great Master to the general dishonour of the Christian Princes in their tardy Succors 13. Cyprus of old Crypta or Crypton Ptol. It was also called Cerastis Cethin Cethina then Amathusia Paphia Salaminia Macaria Citherea Achamantis Asperia Collinia Erosa It is in circuit according to Strab. 427 Miles To Plin. 375. From the rocky shore of Cilicia 60 Miles and from the Coast of Syria 100. During the Empire of the Persians and Macedonians it contained nine Kingdoms but by Ptol. divided into four parts Salamina Amathusia Lapatha and Paphia so named of their principal Cities 1. Salamis Ptol. Salamine Plin. was built by Teucer when banished by his Father Telamon Afterwards called Constantia Steph. but destroyed by the Jews in the days of the Emperor Trajan And lastly by the Saracens in the Reign of Heraclitus from the Ruines whereof the Hamacostas Fama Augusta now Famagosta was erected by King Costa the Father of King Katharin famous in Story for the unfortunate Valor of the Venetians under the Command of Signior Bragadine against the furious Assaults of the Army of Selymus II. conducted by Mustapha who caused them all to be murdered but the Governor whom he flead alive after the Surrender of the Place upon honourable Conditions In Lapathia where once stood Tremithus Trimethus Ptol. Tremisausa or Tremituge Soph. now stands the Regal City of Nicosia Leucasia Leucotheon Graec. Ledrinsis Leutheon Soph. of a circular Form and five Miles in circumference taken by the aforesaid Mustapha Ann. 1570. with an uncredible Slaughter North of this and upon the Sea stood Ceraunia or Ceronia Cirynia Plin. Carynia Cerinium Ortel now Cerines erected by Cyrus a strong place yet yielded to the Turks before it was besieged Amathus now Limiso Sacred unto Venus and wherein the Rites and Sacrifices of her Adonis were annually celebrated said to be built by Amasis who was the first that conquered Cyprus Our late Navigations tell us that Larricho is the City from whence our Merchandize comes that is laden at Port Salines or Larneca so called of the abundance of Salt that is there made and here the Turk first landed his Army the chief Port in Cyprus Further Westward is a Promontory in form of a Peninsula now called Capo delle Gatte formerly Curias from a City not far distant of the same Name now called Episcopia On this Promontory is the Ruines of a Monastery of Greek Coloieros who breed up Cats to destroy Serpents and to return home upon the Sound of a Bell and therefore by some called the Cape of Cats Phrurium Promont now Bianco is the place from whence they were thrown that but presumed to touch Apollo's Altar in the adjoining Grove Paphos Nova Ptol. Nea Paphos Plin. Palaepaphos Strab. Mela Paphium Polyb. now Buffo or Bapho built by Agapenor five Miles from the old Paphos said by Ovid to be built by the Son of Pigmalion by his Ivory Statue such said to be in regard of her Beauty Others say it was built by Cyneras Father and Grandfather to Adonis who having sworn to assist Menelaus with 50 Ships sent him only one with the Models of the other in Clay to colour his Perjury Both places famous for the Worship of Venus and the Sacrifices which her Votaries of both Sexes did perform in their natural Nakedness But her Temples were razed to the Ground by the procurement of St. Barnaby not only here but throughout the Island Eastwards of Capo St. Pifano formerly Pro. Acamas was the City Arsinoe now Lescare Lusig or Crisoca Alessendretta renowned for the Groves of Jupiter This Island boasts of the Births of Asclapiades Solon Zeno the Stoick Apollonius and Zenophon A Country abounding with all things necessary for Life and therefore called Macaria and afforded matter to build a Ship from the bottom of the Keel to the top of her Top-gallant and to furnish her with Tackle and Munition In Summer exceeding hot and unhealthy annoyed with Serpents The Brooks for Rivers it hath none are often exhausted by the Sun and for 36 years in the time of Constantine it never rained It was first possessed by the Sons of Japhet paid Tribute to the Egyptian Amasis conquered by Belus and governed by the Posterity of Teucer until Cyrus expulsed the nine Kings that there ruled After the Grecians repossest the Sovereignty and kept it until the death of Nicocles then it fell under the Government of the Ptolomi's then the wealth of it allured the Romans to make a Conquest of it restored to Cleopatra and her Sister Arsinoe by Antonius but he overthrown it was made a Roman Province and with the Transmigration of the Empire submitted to the Bizantine Emperors governed by a Succession of Dukes for 800 years when conquered by our Richard I. and given in Exchange for the Titular Kingdom of Jerusalem unto Gây of Lusignan in whose Family it continued until Ann. 1473. It was then by Catharina Cornelia a Venetian Lady the Widow to King James the Bastard who had taken it by Force from his Sister Carlâtte resigned to the Venetians who 97 years after lost it to the Turks under whose Yoke it now groaneth 'T is for the most part inhabited by Greeks whose Ecclesiastical Estate is governed by the Archbishop of Nicosia and the 3 Bishops of Famagosta Paphus and Amathus It s chief Mountain is Olympus containing 50 Miles in its Basis now called the Mountain of the Holy Cross cloathed with Trees and stored with Fountains and Monasteries possessed by the Greek Coloicres of the Order of St. Basil Its Commodities are Oil and Grains of several sorts Wine that lasteth for eight years Raisins of the Sun Citrons Oranges Pomgranates Almonds Figs Saffron Coriander Sugar Turpentine Rhubarb Câlloquintida Scammony c. Cotton Woolls Chamolets Salt Sope Ashes There are Mines of Brass some Gold and Silver Green Soder Vitriol Alom Orpiment White and Red Lead and Iron divers kinds of precious Stones viz. the Emerald and Turky Thus having described the chief places of the Ottoman Empire I shall also give a short account of their Government Policy Religion c. In order whereunto we need not so much regard their first coming out of Scythia Anno 577. nor when they seized on Armenia Major giving it the Name of Turcomania Anno 844. nor when Tâingrâliâix overthrew the Persian Sultan 1030 nor yet when Cutlu Moses revolted from him and made a distinct Kingdom in Arabia But when Ottoman by strange Fortunes and from small Beginnings swallowed up the other Families into the Ogusian Tribe and united them into one Head Anno 1300. from thence must we deduce the first Foundation of the Ottoman Empire They had then no Government but what was
the Husband getting a Divorce quits himself of his Wife and Dishonour together Amongst all the Priviledges that the Sultan enjoys above his Subjects this one he has less than they that he cannot marry yet hath as many Women as serves his use though never so libidinous which are kept in the Seraglio like Horses in Stables Circumcision is not reckoned one of the five Points which constitute a true Mahometan Believer but is only proposed as a tryal and proof of Man's obedience to the more necessary parts of the Law. They never Circumcise their Children until the Age of 7 years and upwards and then they do it by a Barber or Chyrurgion The Forces of the Turks are very numerous their Armies well disciplin'd and the Belief of Predestination besides the use of Opium makes them bold to undertake any Enterprize Their Militia is of two sorts one receives maintenance from certain Lands bestowed on them by the Grand Signior And these again are either Zaims or Timariots which together may amount to about 100000 Men and come under the general denomination of Spahi's and compose the Turkish Horse The other sort which receive their constant Pay in ready Mony out of the Grand Signior's Treasury are the Janizaries who are now increased to the Number of an 100000 and the next main Sinew of the Ottoman Power being considered in the Wars they are the best disciplined Soldiery of the Turkish Camp. Besides these in Egypt there are 20000 Horse paid at the Charge of the Country and 80000 Timariots The Crim Tartars are also to furnish him with an 100000 Men and the Prince in person to lead them if the Grand Signior come into the Field otherwise but half the number And the Princes of Valachia Moldavia and Transilvania are never excused from personal attendance in the Camp with 6 or 7000 Men apiece But the Ottoman Armies are not now so renowned for their Chivalry and Discipline as in former times that ancient Sublimity and Majesty of the Sultan is much abated their Forces by Land decayed their Maritime power weakned nothing remains of their ancient Government and Valor nor doth the Ottoman Court remunerate the Services exalt the Interest of the Cavalry or maintain the Reputation of the Janizaries but grown rich and luxurious with Peace and Plenty they are much declined from their Greatness and Power for in this vast and large Empire Countries are depopulated Villages abandoned whole Provinces as pleasant and fruitful as Tempe or Thessaly uncultivated and turned into a Desert or Wilderness Of ARABIA A New Map of ARABIA By Robt. Morden THE Arabians were first called Ishmaelites from Ishmael Then Saââââs from Sarah the Wife of Abraham Though others derive the Name from Saara which signifies a Desert Others from Sarake which signifies Robbery They that deduce the Etymology from Sarah affirm That the Sarazens being at first called Agarens chose rather to bear the Mistresses than the Servants Name and so changed their Appellation The Arabians that live in Cities go by the Names of Moors They that live in the Deserts are divided into Tribes and every Tribe into Families which have every one a particular Cheik who acknowledges the supreme Cheik These vagabond Arabians boast themselves to be the most noble People in the World for which Reason they never ally themselves with any other Nation but their own They could never be subdued either by the Egyptians Persians Greeks Romans or Turks But on the contrary they have setled themselves in several parts of Africa where they have a large Dominion They wander up and down in that fashion the better to find out Pasturage for their Cattel and to free themselves from the oppression of the Turks The Basha's of the Grand Signior who are their Neighbors and the Caravans are forced to give mony to the Cheiks to preserve themselves from being molested or despoiled by them in their Journies Under Ulit one of the Caliphs or Arabian Princes their Empire extended from Messa upon the Atlantick Sea to the River Indus so that in length it exceeded the Roman Empire The Arabick Language is so enchanting that 't is a common Hyperbole That the Saints in Heaven and those in Paradise speak it And as in it the Holy Decalogue was given so as an Allay therein was hatched the Delusive Alcoran and therefore is generally received in Asia These Arabians because of their continual lying in the open Fields were once accounted the best Astrologers and Physicians in the World as Rhasis and Mesue Avicen and Averroes Philosophers Algazalââ Hali Albumazar Astrologers great Geographers Leo and Abulfâda The Beduins and Bengebres who are the most known People are so inclined to Robbery that their principal Maintenance consists in plundering of Passengers claiming a Priviledge to demand Ishmael's Right from the Sons of Isaac They are very dextrous on Horseback in managing their Bows and Half-Pikes so that Thirty Turkish Musqueteers will hardly attack Ten of these Arabians armed after their manner Their Wealth consists in Herds of Cattle and Horses which will travel great Journies of which they make so great reckoning that they keep a Register of their Breed which is approved by certain Judges They sit at Meals upon their Heels and the oldest among them wears the richest Habit and the most gay Colours Their Predecessors forbad Building and Tilling their Lands alledging that were but to invite Enemies to invade and make them a Prey to enjoy it The Succession of the Kingdom belongs to that Noble Person who was first born after the King was proclaimed And indeed to compare the Manners and Maxims of the Asiaticks and Europeans together we may say That the Arabians are like the Italians the Persians like the French and the Turks like the Spaniards Arabia in general was first called Ethiopia is subject to such excessive Heats that People are constrained generally to Travel by Night There are abundance of Mountains but few Rivers It is divided into three parts The Stony the Desert the Happy The two first belong almost to the Turk the Happy Arabia acknowledges several petty Princes The Stony Arabia Barraab Nabathaea Ptol. Barrha Castald Bengaucal Zeigler Rathal-Albagh incolis was anciently possessed by the Midianites Moabites Amalekites and the Idumeans or Edomites The Lands of the Ammonites or Amorites and of Og King of Basan were parts of Arabia Petraea though it be also true that some part of Arabia Deserta belonged to the Ishmaelites and Amalekites the Inhabitants thereof at this time pay a Tribute to the Basha of Cairo Petra gave it its Name which signifies a Rock whereon it was built was a place of great strength and much noted as well in Holy Writ as in prophane History Besieged in vain by Severus and before him by Trajan who was compelled to throw away his Imperial Habit and flie for his Life Yet Amaziah King of Judah after he had slaughtered 10000 of the Edomites took it by War and called it
Joktheel 2 Kings 14.7 The Soldans of Egypt for the exceeding strength thereof kept therein all their Treasures Of this place see more in the Description of Canaan and the bordering Countries Bostra now Bussereth is a place of good Esteem I suppose the same with Petra Tor or El Tor upon the Red Sea is a pitiful Haven defended by a Four-square Castle near to it are found Champignons petrified white Coral Seal-skins Small Oysters and somtimes Sea-Monsters like Men. They report that this was the Haven Ezion Geber from which Solomon sent his Ships for Ophir Mount Horeb and Sinai are famous in Scripture Arabia the Desert or Beriara is a place almost quite destitute of Water or if there be any Wells the Water is for little service Ana upon the Euphrates the place where the Grand Signior's Tribute is paid as the Lord of the Country is the best place in it There is one King in Arabia that has a moving and portative City that is to say it consists in Tents which he can command them to carry where he pleases Sumiscasac is thought to be the ancient Saba whence the Magi set forth to adore Christ and the Queen to visit Solomon But Sir Thomas Herbert tells us That after the Flood Nimrod Sovereignizing at Babylon his Brother Havilah seated his Colony in Susiana Seba Raamah and Sabbata in Arabia Seba or Sheba fixed on the Western Coast adjacent to the Red Sea where he built a City after his own Name from whence the Queen came that visited Solomon as he supposeth That Sabata planted the South-part of Arabia and Raamah or Rhegma on the North-East part towards Balsera where they built Cities after their Names mention'd Ezek. 27. In these parts was the Wilderness where the Children of Israel wandered 40 years Here Moses established Ecclesiastical and Political Laws Here was the burning Bush the Water-bearing Rock the Mountains of Sinai and Horeb and Mount Hor where Aaron died The Happy Arabia Hyaman or Aiman Gemen or Giamen Turcis Marmotta Sarracenis Sabaea Plin. carries that Name as being a more fruitful Soil than either of the two It breeds excellent Horses Manna Cinnamon Myrrhe Balsam Benjamin Incense and other Perfumes so that if Aromatick Gums Succulent Fruits Fragrant Flowers and such sort of Delicacies please thy Sense say Arabia is the Phoenix of the East and with Danaeus The Epitome of Delight and with St. Austin Paradise The Air is temperate and healthful The Country enriched with pleasant Streams and Fountains whose Waters are Medicinal Aden is a Town of great Trade standing in a little Peninsula at the foot of a Mountain guarded with two Castles towards the North and a small Fortress at the Entry into the Haven The Portugueses when they first setled themselves in the Indies had a design to make themselves Masters of this City as also of Ormus and Malaca But the Turk prevented them from taking Aden the King whereof they hung at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Gally Since which some other Revolutions have happen'd so that the Natives of the Country have again dispossessed the Turks Mecca and Meâina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans For which they that make them are in high esteem among the rest They go particularly to Mecca to pay their Devotions to a Four-square House which they call The House of God and pretend the same to have been built by Abraham This City containing about 6000 Houses stands about a days Journy from the Red Sea being the place where Mahomet was born whose Body was afterwards translated to Medina upon the discovery of Albuquerque the Portuguese's design to have surprized the Port of Ziden otherwise Gidde with an intention to have carried away that Mahometan Relique The Country about Mecca produceth abundance of that sort of Berry of which Coffee is made Kufa or Kalufa the Holy City called Rastack when walled by Omir the Burial place of Mortis-Ali Saint King and Prophet of the Persians Medina is three days Journy from the Red Sea the burying place of Mahomet as the Turks pretend The Sepulchre or Tomb wherein Mahomet lieth is enclosed within an Iron Grate and covered with Green Velvet which is every Year made new and sent by the Grand Signior the old one being by the Priests cut in little pieces and sold at great Rates as Reliques to the Pilgrims In the Temple where this Tomb is placed there are said to be 3000 Lamps of Gold and Silver wherein is Balsam and other rich Odors Ointments and Oils continually kept burning They would impose it for a Miracle that his Tomb should hang in the Air by means of the Loadstone But besides that there is no such thing were it true there were no wonder in it For Democrates the Athenian by the Order of Ptolomy King of Egypt undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron and to hang it up in the same manner And in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria there was an Iron Sun that hung in the Air by the force of a Loadstone being a rare piece of Workmanship The Prince of Mecca called Sultan Sheriff is one of the most potent Princes in all Arabia His Residence is usually at Almacharana seated on the top of an high Mountain of difficult access Sanaa is one of the greatest fairest and strongest Towns of Arabia adorned with Vineyards Meadows and Gardens Dafar is one of the chief Ports upon the Red Sea next to Zibit near the mouth of the Red Sea which is Fair Rich and of great Trade for Drugs Spices Perfumes c. Once the Residence of a Turkish Beglerbeg before that the Seat of a King beheaded by the Turks at the same time when the King of Aden was hanged at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Ship. The Ports of Dolfar and Pescher are most renowned on the South-Coast for Frankincense The Grand Signior the Persian Sophi and other Mahometan Monarchs oft-times send him Presents and the first allows him also some part of the Revenue of Egypt because he is of the Race of Mahomet and to oblige him to be kind to the Pilgrim Turks Fartach a Kingdom and City near the Sea Caxem Gubelhaman Alibinali Amanziridin Masfate Mascalat and Jemen are so many Sultanies or petty Kingdoms in the Happy Arabia Mascate or Mascatsaif not far from Rozelgate Corodanum Ptol. Macin Amian thought to be Rhaguma Rhegma of Ptol. the Raamah of Ezek. 27.22 formerly belonging to the Portuguese had for a long time all the Trade of the Indies to Mecca through the conveniency of the Cities Elcatif or the ancient Gerra which communicates its Name to the Persian Gulph and Labsa or Lazarch Sohar in the Eastern part had also formerly the Trade but since the same hath been translated to Ormus and Gombron Mocha upon the Red Sea is an open City indifferently well built and fortified with a small Castle In it there live Jews Persians Armenians Indians and Banians So that it is a Town of
great Commerce and there it is that all the Pilgrims land that come from the Indies to Mecca It hath also much increased in Riches and Repute in regard that the Vessels that come from Sues to Aden rather chuse to unlade there to avoid the dangerous passages of Babel-Mandel Diodori Insula Arrian teste Rhamusio OF PERSIA A New Map of PERSIA by Robt. Morden THE Kingdom or Empire of Persia is at present one of the greatest and most famous of all Asia yet is but a part of the ancient Empire of the Persians for the Assyrian Monarchy contained all that which both Turk and Persian at this day possess in that part of the World And beginning under Ninus lasted 13 or 1400 years ending in that Notorious and Effeminate Epicure Sardanapalus After which it was divided into that of the Medes and Babylonians who continued it less than 300 Years Then the Persians made themselves Masters of it during 200 and odd Years under Cyrus Son of Cambyses Son of Cyrus Son of Darius Son of Achamenes Son of Perses who saith Isidore gave Persia its Name In Nimrod's days called Chusa or Cuth in Chedorlaomers and to Daniel's time Elam afterwards Persia from Persius Son of Perseus a Grecian Hero Son to Jupiter by Danae the Daughter of Acrisius Afterwards called Arsaca from Arsaces the Heroick Parthian After by the Inhabitants Artea By the Tartars Corsaca By the Arabians Saracdnea By the Turks Azamia and Axmia Farsi Farsistan Incolis The Macedonians and Greeks succeeded for having ruined the Empire of the Persians they gave a beginning to that of the Macedonians But Alexander the Great held this Empire but few Years and dying it was Cantonized out among his Captains who taking the Title of Kings waged War against each other till the Romans seized the Western and the Parthians the Oriental part of that Monarchy These Parthians freed themselves from the Rule of the Macedonians 250 Years before the Birth of Christ and Reigned near 500 Years Artaxerxes restored the Persian Government 228 Years after Christ's Nativity About the Year 605 the Caliph of Bagdat Omar or Hoshmar the Third after Mahomet became Master of it So that Persia after a long uninterrupted Succession of 28 Kings from Artaxerxes sets in an eclipsed Cloud and becomes fettered under the Iron Yoke of a Saracenick Bondage once garnished with 22 Kingdoms formidable to the Roman Emperors and Mistress of the greatest part of Asia In the Year 1257 or 8 the Tartars exterminated the whole Race of the Caliph of Bagdat And in the Year 1472. the Turcomans of Armenia got the Kingdom But about the Year 1505 Ishmael Sophi once more re-established the Persians in the possession of the Oriental part of that ancient Empire which now extends from the Tygris and Euphrates on the West almost to the River Indus on the East And from the Persian Gulph and the River Oxus on the North to the Persian and Indian Seas on the South But that you may the better understand the full Extent of the Dominions of this large Kingdom I shall give you the true Number of the Provinces of the whole Continent of Persia according to the old and new Descriptions of several Geographers And first the old Names by Cluver were Gedrosia Carmania Drangana Aracosia Paropamisis Bactriana Margiana Hyrcania Aria Parthia Persis Susiana Assyria Media The new Names Sarc Cusistan Elaran Farsi Arac Elsabar Diargument Corason Sablestan Candahor Sigestan Chesimur Kirman Goadel 2. By Baudran old Names Media Hyrcania Margiana Assyriae pars Susiana Parthia Aria Paropanisus Chaldea Persia Caramania Drangiana Arachosia and Gedrosia The new Names are Servan Gilan Dilemon Ayrack Agemi Taberestan Gorgian Rhoemus Churdistan Corasan Yerack Cusistran Farsi Kherman Sisistan Macheran Candahor and Sablestan 1. Therefore this Monarch possesseth a great part of the great Armenia which we call Turcomania especially that part which is seated between the two Rivers Kur and Aras the Cyrus and Araxes of old This Country is one of the most beautiful and richest pieces of Land in all Persia by the Natives called Iran or Karahag 2. Shirvan or Schirwan all along the Caspian Sea part of Media Atropatia 3. The Province Edzerbaijan or Azerbeyan And these two Provinces make up the ancient Media Sarch Clu. 4 Is Kylan or Guilan Persis which is the old Hircania Strava M. Angiol Diargument Merc. Hyrach Eryth and comprehends several other Provinces as Mesandran Lahetzan Rescht and Kesker 5. Is Estarabad Tabristan or Tocharistan formerly Margiana Jeselbash Cast. Tremigan Pineto which extends to the River Oxus 6. Zagathay or Sacathay Nig. is the Province of the Ousbec Tartars or Mauranahar comprehending all the ancient Sogdiana and part of Bractiana c. 7. Corassan Sernere Merc. is some part of Bactriana now Batter Ramus Charossan Castald which also comprehends the Province of Heri or Eri remarkable for the greatest Trade of any in Persia The Aria of old 8. Sablestan formerly Paropamifus Calchistan Cast Navagrat M. P. Ven. 9. The Territories and Cities of Candahor and Cabul comprehend the ancient Aracosia now belonging to the Mogul 10. Is Sigistan Marc. formerly Drangiana aliis Ilment 11. Is Kirman or Chermain and comprehends all the Territories of the ancient Carmania bordering upon the Indian Sea containing the Province of 12. Makeran wherein is Circan Patan and the Desert of Dulcinda 13. Chusestan Mind Chus Merc. which was heretofore called Susiana 14. Is Hierack or Erack Agemi the ancient Parthia Nig. Charessen and lies in the midst of all Persia Arach Merc. Minad Tex Alph. Hadr. 15. Is Fars which Laet calls Farc Farsistan Merc. and is the ancient Persia whereof Persepolis was the chief City 16. Is Diarbeck Merc. Azamia Bel. formerly Mesopotamia between Euphrates and Tygris 17. Is Curdistan or Arzerum formerly Assyria extending all along the East-side of the River Tygris from the Lake Van to the Frontiers of Bagdat 18. Is Yerack or Hierack-Arabi otherwise the Country of Babylon or Chaldea These three last Countries being most now under the Turkish power we have already discoursed thereof The Government of Persia is Despotick or absolutely Arbitrary the King having the sole power of Life and Death over all his Subjects without any Tryals or Law-proceedings Nor is there any Sovereign in the World more Absolute than He yet in the exercise thereof it is said to be gentle and easie supportable both to Persians and Strangers And for the Laws of Hospitality they are so strictly observed that the King will have all Strangers to be his Guests The general Title given to the Kings of Persia is that of Sha though the Vulgar call him by the Name of the Sophi which is a proper Name The Persians had ever a very great Veneration for their Sovereign And at this day they believe it to be a greater Asseveration to swear by the Name of their King than by the Name of their God perhaps out of the same Belief with those of Achem
spent 12000 Talents or 7 Millions of Crowns Then did the Altar smoke with Incense and the Doctor was offered up in Sacrifice and the dead Corps worshipped as a Deity It is a great City without Walls thought to be the Rages in Tobit the best half of it is in Gardens seated in a large and fair Plain 30 Miles in compass Here dyed Sir Robert Shirley and Sir Dodmore Cotton the Ambassador who went for Persia Anno 1626. having no gilded Trophies to adorn their Sepulchres only their Virtues which will out-last those bubbles of Vanity Here also dyed Abbas the Persian Monarch in the Year 1628. Sauvay Herb. Saba de Val. a City pleasantly seated upon a rising Hill in a fruitful Country much delightful for aerial Musick especially the Nightingale A Thousand warbling Notes their Throats displays Which their sweet Musick chants as many ways About 11 Leagues from Tauris is a Lake about 15 Leagues compass in the middle of which is a little Hill that rises insensibly out of which there bubble out many little Springs and the Earth which they water is of two strange distinct qualities for one sort serves to make Lime the next to that is a hollow spungy Stone and under that is a white transparent Stone which is only a Congelation of the Waters of these Streams for somtimes you shall meet with creeping Animals congealed therein for one piece sent to Sha Abbas Tavernier offered 15000 Crowns in which was a Lizard about a Foot long Ardevil is not only famous for the Royal Sepulchres of Sha Sefi and other Persian Kings and for the Pilgrimages that are made to it but also for numerous Caravans of Silk which render it one of the most considerable Cities in Persia It is of a moderate bigness seated in a lovely opening of the Mountains the Avenues of it are very pleasant being Alleys of great Trees and is watered with a River that runs thorow the middle of the City Sultany Tigranocerta Tigranopolis and Tigranopetra teste Appiano Sultania Jovio Saua Bonacciolo Bitlis Baud. is a very large City and if you will believe the Armenians they will tell you that there were once near 800 Churches in it Kom Coom Herb. Gauna Arbacta or Coama of old by some Hecatompolis is one of the great Cities of Persia in a fat Country abounding with Rice and excellent Granates that which is most remarkable is a large Mosque where are the Sepulchres of Sha Sefi and Sha Abbas the Second the Tomb of Sedi Fatima the Grand-Daughter of Hali and the Tomb of Fatima Zubra the Daughter of Mahomet Caschan is also a large City and well peopled stored with Silk-weavers which make the best purfled Satins mix'd with Gold and Silver The Houses are fairly built The Mosques and Baths are in their Cupoloes curiously caerulcated with a feigned Torquoise The Buzzar is spacious and uniform The Caravansera is the most stately Fabrick of that kind in Persia Bakuy gives its Name to the Caspian Sea and near to it there is a Spring of Oil which serves all over Persia to burn in Lamps Kirman towards the Ocean affords very fine Steel of which they make Weapons very highly priz'd For a Scymiter of that Steel will cut through an Helmet with an easie Blow Ormus formerly bore the Title of a Kingdom As to the Name it was called Organo and Gera by Verrerius Necrokin by B. Jonas Zamrhi by the Tartars Vorocta by Niger Ormusia by Josephus Omiza Pliny Amozon Ptol. Ogyris Theuetus Curtius and Rufus Ternia Strabo where Prince Erythaeus was buried from whom Mare Rubrum had its denomination The Island is about 15 Miles in compass subject to such excessive heats that it produces nothing considerable but Salt and is two good Leagues from the firm Land. There is not a drop of fresh Water in it but what is carried thither In the Year 1507. it was reduced under the Crown of Portugal by Alphonso d'Albuquerque The fair and delicate situation of Ormus for Trade and Commerce as it was the Staple and Glory of the Eastern World has occasioned some to say That if the World were a Ring Ormus was to be the Jewel In the Year 1622. Sha Abbas took it by the assistance of the English commanded by Capt. Weddal and then translated the Trade to Gombron which he called by his own Name Bender Abassi The Portugals lost about 6 or 7 Millions at the taking of the Town Gombrou or Gomrou Hacand Osâr since the Fall of Ormus is become a City of great Commerce guarded with two Castles in which are planted 80 pieces of brass Ordnance The Air is so hot and unwholsom that no Strangers can live there above 3 or 4 Months in the Year but for 6 or 7 Months are forced to retire up in the Mountains 2 or 3 days Journy off About 3 Miles from Gombrou is the famous Bannyan Tree of as great Repute as the Idol Oak to our Druidae of old Now all Nations that traffick upon the Indian Seas and Land Caravans carry Commodities thither and bring from thence Velvets Taffaties Raw Silk and other Persian Commodities So that now Ormus is ruined and may well be called Ormah or destruction Baharem upon the Coast of Arabia is the ancient Tylos yet belonging to Persia it is an Island famous for its Springs of fresh Water at the bottom of the Sea For its Pearl Fishery where are found the clearest biggest and roundest in all the Levant The Air is so unwholsom and so hot that no Strangers can live there unless it be in December January and March for the Wind is so sultry and stifling that it suffocates and kills them presently and somtimes 't is so hot that it burns like Lightning But at Bander Congo the Air is good and the Soil and the Water excellent only the Passage for Ships is dangerous and therefore not so much traded to as the other The City Candahur is the chief of one of the conquered Provinces of Persia Sha Abbas left the possession of it to Sha Sefi in whose time Alimerdenkan delivered it up to the Great Mogul But Sha Abbas the Second took it in the Year 1650 under whose power it still remains At Caramon-Shashoon of old Counstia was decided that Famous Contest for the Persian Crown 'twixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus Of Asiatick Tartaria A New Description of TARTARIE by Robt. Morden THis is the Vastest Region of our Continent in Bigness it equals all Europe and contains all those great and spacious Provinces which the Ancients called Seres Scythia extra Imaum Scythia intra Imaum Sucae Sogdiana and the greatest part of Sarmatia Asiatica extending itself the whole length of Asia If we look back to their Original we shall find that they were of all other the most Antient people patient in Labours fierce in War and strong of Body their Flocks and Herds their greatest wealth Silver and Gold they contemned as much as others coveted it Meum and Tuum
those common Barretors and Authors of Debate were not known among them And the ignorance of Vice did as much contribute to their welfare as the knowledge of Virtue doth to others The first grand attempt of these People of which we find any mention was when the Chazari or Chozars in the time of the Emper Iustine overspread all that vast continent between China and Boristhenes conquered part of India all Bactria Sogdiana and made the Persians Tributaries and possessed also Taurica Chersonesus called by them Cassaria or Cazaria The residence of their Prince was about the mouth of the Wolga which the Tartars called Athel a large City of great trade by Nassir Eddin called Belanjar and by him and Abulfeda placed in 46 Deg. 30 Min. N. Latitude which is within a few minutes where Olearius makes Astracan and doubtless may be that which he calls old Astracan These Chazari did continue till about Anno Chr. 900. at which time they gave place to the Comanians or Cumanians a Turkish Nation who inhabited all that Tract of Land from the Neiper unto Turquestan these were almost totally destroyed by the Tartars soon after the death of Ingiz Chan or Cingis Chawn under the conduct of Batu or Bathy Nephew to Hocata the Tartarian Emperor only the King Kuthen escaped with 40000 men into Hungary where they had a Country allotted them called to this day Campus Cumanus Bathy having destroyed the Comanians established his own Dominions and fixed his abode on the East of the River Volga and built a place and called it Serai which was a great and populous City the Ruins whereof are now called Czarofsgorod But when Tamerlan who was Vice Roy or General of those Countries comprehended between the Oxus and Iuxartes had extended his conquests towards Balch and Chorasan the Aria of the Ancients Thuotamisch then Emperor of Serai filled with jealousies of his growing greatness gathered a great Army to invade him whom Tamerlan met on the borders of his own Country and after a most bloody sight gained the Victory after which Success Tamerlan having subdued great part of India Persia Media Armenia Mesopotamia Babylonia and Syria resolved to requite the Invasion of Thuctamish whereupon with an Army of 500000 Men he marched through Media passed the Portae Caucasae now Derbent and over Volga and at last encountered with Thuctamish The Battel was long and doubtful three days without intermission at last Thuctamish was defeated and fled leaving his Country exposed to the fury of his Enemies who demolished Seraie with other Cities on the north and west of the Caspian Sea and leaving the Country a desert they returned into Persia After this devastation these Tartars by discords fell into several divisions and Tamerlan dying his great Empire was also divided amongst his Children so that Tartarie is now divided into several Hords or Tribes but the knowledge we have of them is so little the Ataxie or disagreement and confusion of Authors that write of them so great that I am not a little doubtful what to write of them that may be of any certainty for the Readers satisfaction however in this obscurity we shall follow the light of the best reputed Geographers and say that the Asiatick Tartarie is divided into five great parts The Desert Tartarie Zagathy Tarquestan Northern Tartarie and Kin Tartarie The Desert Tartarie is so call'd because most part of the Lands lie untill'd for the Tartars are a people that hate Agriculture and laugh at Christians for feeding on the Tops of Reeds for so they call our Corn The Inhabitants are divided into several Tribes or Hordes of which the more considerable are 1. the Nogajan Tartars or great Nagoy whose Country is all plain and desert 400 or 500 miles in length between Astracan and Samara and 200 miles in breadth from Astracan to Yeike or Iaick River it hath no fenced Towns or Habitations though formerly there were divers especially that of Czarofsgorod said to have been 20 miles in Circuit seated between the Rivers Volga and Actabon in a fertile and healthful Country and Astracan placed on a rising ground not far from the mouth of the Volga about 50 miles distant from the Caspian-Sea guarded with a strong Castle and encompassed with Water These Tartars are said to be more Tall and Proper than the rest but ill favoured broad Faces flat little Noses small hollow Eyes and of Blackish or rather Tawny Complexion The heat of the Sun for some months of the year is most excessive and the Cold in the Winter no less extream Polygamy is much in fashion amongst them having many Wives according to their ability if one Brother die the other takes all his Wives and if all the brothers chance to die then the Wives are devolved like other Goods and Chattels unto the Eldest Brothers Son not suffering a Married woman in any wise to go out of the Kindred When they remove their Habitation which is usually against the Summer and Winter they carry their Houses in Waggons with four Wheels drawn by Camels 2. On the North of great Nagoy dwell the Kalmuke Tartars in a Country abounding with all things necessary for a comfortable subsistance Their chief Commodities are Sables Martens Black Foxes Squirrils-Skins and other Furs which they exchange with the Russes for Aquavitae Mead and Tobacco Their Chief places are Siberia the head of a Province as also is Tumen Casan and Bulgar are the chief Towns of the Zavolhenses and towards the North lie the Samoides all subject to the Russes the Kalmakes are accounted good Soldiers and their Women are little inferiour in Skill and Valor They own no religious worship except some adoration to the Sun and Moon and for their Diet Horse-flesh is a great dainty and any Carrion is good fare 3. Next to the great Nagoy towards the East is Cassachy Horda or Wild Tartars who march up and down the Country which is very desert much after the manner of the Nagoise 4. Eastward from the Kalmukes towards the South live the Yurgeacheans being a numerous and warlike People governed by a Chan or King. 5. The Caragans lie all along the Caspian-Sea between the River Yaike unto the River Iaxartes a desert and barren Country the People miserable poor very Tawny and ill Favoured having no Town except Presslannes on the south side of Iaxartes Most part of Desert Tartarie is under the jurisdiction of the Duke of Moscovie and yield him great store of rich Furs Zagathy Sacathy Usbeck or Ouzbeg contains the ancient Mergiana Bactria and Sogdiana Mergiana by Pinetus is called Tremighen by Gastald Jeselbash A Country so fruitful in Corn and Wine that Strabo reports how one bunch of Grapes presented to Alexander filled a Baket two Cubits about which encouraged him to found that City Alexandria afterwards Antiochia and Selucia since Indion In this Country some think Noah planted soon after he left the Ark and that he or some to his Memory built the City Nissa
very ancient Extraction and maintain themselves in Mountains and Fortresses that are inaccessible Some of their Cities that terminate in Pore seem to retain the memory of Porus as others by Scander the Name of Alexander The Dominions of the great Mogul are larger than the Persians and equal to those of the great Turk His strength lies in the Number of his Subjects the Vastness of his Wealth and the Extent of his Empire his Revenue exceeding the Persian and the Turks both put together but the Sophi surpasses him in Horse in Arms and warlike People And with the Turk he keeps a good Correspondence as being both of the same Religion Guzerat yields him yearly above 18 Millions of Gold and the Merchants of that Country are accounted the best in all India It contains 3 fair Cities Amadabat Cambaya and Surat with about 30 others very considerable Amadabat Amacastis Ptol. teste Herb. Amadavastis in Arrian one of the greatest Cities in India and of a vast Trade The Buzzar is Rich and Uniform The Castle Strong large Moated The Mausâleum Stately compassed at a little distance with the Dormitories of many Cambayan Potentates and two Miles off are the curious Gardens and Palace of Chawn-channa a Persian Cambaya Camane Nigro Barigaza teste Baud. Syrastene teste Stuchio was call'd the Indian Caire as well for its Greatness as also for its Traffick and the Fertility of the Soil Here they shape the fair Agats that come from the Indies into several sorts of Workmanship and in the Suburbs they make Indico The Tides are so swift to the North of the Gulph that a Horse at full Speed cannot keep pace with the first Wave The Streets were formerly lock'd up every Night but the Sea and its Trade is fallen away from it Suraâ the Muziâis of Prol. Herb. Siâastia Sans about 40 days Journy from Agra drives as great a Trade as any of the Cities of Asia though the Access to it be very dangerous and the River Tappy or Tindy which rising out of the Decan Mountains glides through Brampore and in Meanders runs by the Walls of Surat and after 14 or 15 Miles circumgyring to and fro discharges itself into the Ocean so shallow at the Mouth that it will hardly bear a Bark of 70 or 80 Tuns so that the Ships are forc'd to unlade at Soali or Swali remarkable for the mischance of Capt. Woodcock who at the taking of Ormus had lighted upon a ârigat laden with about a Million of Ryals which he seized and coming into this Swali Road the Whale sunk Alas the uncertainty of fading Pelf The English and Dutch have there their Presidents and Factories making it the greatest Mart in the East-Indies Baroche is of a great Trade for Cottons the English have a very fair House there not far from which place Tavernier tells us That of a dry Stick a Mountebank in less than half an hour made a Tree four or five Foot high that did bear Leaves and Flowers Broudra is a great City in a fertile Soil and of a great Trade for Calicuts At Navapour near Surat grows the best Rice in the World. The famous Port of Bombay the Milizigeris of Ptol. belongs to the King of England where is built a strong Fort and Mony is coined there The Portugals have had frequent Quarrels with the Mogul about their Fortress of Diu the Patola of Ptol. teste Nig. Pinet Patalena Hid spa Plin. Strab. Petacal Castaldo Barace of Ptol. Adriano Here after Alexander had sail'd down the Indus and arrived at this place he invaded the Country of the Oxydracans and stormed the principal place of the Mallyans where temerariously mounting the Parapet and violently leaping into the Town followed but by 2 Officers he had perished by the Darts and Weapons of his Enemies had not the Army as Men desperate in his Rescue enforced their speedy Entrance This Island is about a League long and four Musquet-shot broad the Haven is barr'd with an Iron Chain being under the command of the Cannon of the Castle It was Nobly defended in the years 1539 and 1546 against prodigious Armies so that the Mogul was forc'd to let them settle there to his extreme dissatisfaction But the last Relations from those Parts brings News that the Portugals have been at length constrain'd to abandon it Agra was of old as some tell us called Nagara before that Dionysiopolis founded by Bacchus Nissa Justino vide Hacluyt fol. 489. It contains the Capital City of the Empire able to raise 200000 fighting Men upon occasion The Prince receives a great Revenue for about 200 Stows that are therein It is twice as big as Ispahan but ill built and without Walls and has been enlarged since 1566 when Eckbar resided there and having built a stately Castle or Palace gave it the Name of Eker-Ahad Deli or Dehly was the Residence of the Mogul before Agra and so continues since Sha Jehan had built the new City and called it by his Name Jehan Abad or Gehanabat where the Mogul hath a stately Palace half a League in Circuit Gouleor is a Castle where the Mogul imprisons the Princes of the Blood which he suspects Lahor is the Metropolis of that Kingdom built upon one of the five Rivers that descend from the Mountains to swell the River Indus It is the Rendezvous of the Caravans and was the ancient Bucephalus and has been by Report 24 Leagues in Compass Naugracut shews an Idol to which many come in Pilgrimage Fettipore if the Water had been good by this time had triumphed over all the Cities in India Bannaras on the Banks of Ganges is full of mishapen Pagods Cabul the Chabura of Ptol. by some thought to be the Alexandria Arachosia which the Macedonian built near the Mount Caucasus whose City bears the same Name is large and well fortified of great Trade for Horses Sheep and other Cattel and is in the great Road from Labor to Samarcand Mando is one of the fairest Towns of the Province of Malva fortified with Walls and a Castle on the top of a Hill. Siranaker is the chief City of Cassimere Multan is of a rich Soil and great Trade for Callicoes but decayed Attok or Atek Tau is one of the best and strongest Gaâisons the great Mogul has and no Stranger is permitted to enter without the King's Passport Buckar stands where the Rivers Rawey and Chaul fall into the Indus Lourebander and Diul are the Ports to Tatta Janagar is the chief City of Soret Beisher of Bankish Dankalus of Kakares Hardware of Siba Jambu gives Name to its Province as also doth Sambal Bikanar is chief of Bakar and Narual that of Meuat Pitan and Patna give Name to their respective Provinces between the Kingdoms of Cambaya and Bengala are the Provinces of Candis Chitor Malucy Berar and Ranas whose chief places are Brampore Chitor Rantipore Shapor the Sora of Ptel by Baud. and Gurchitto Jesselmere is the City where Ekbar was
born Asmere is famous for the Sepulchre of Hogi Hendown Bando and Janupar are three Provinces near Agra and Delli Rotas is one of the strongest places in Asia Brampore Baramatis Ptol. is a great City but much ruined with a Castle in the midst of it of a great Trade for Calicuts some painted with Flowers of divers Colours others white and clear and some striped with Gold and Silver Chytor is a City upon a high Rock claiming Precedency for Antiquity amongst all the Cities of India of old Taxilla supposed to be the Metropolis whence King Porus issued against great Alexander After which Battel Alexander celebrated the Bacchanalia at the Mount Maeres and for 15 days glutted his Army with those mystick Fopperies and constituted his Argyâaspides And at Nyssa built by Bacchus upon the Bank of the Hydaspis a Branch of the River Indus Alexander reposed famous in those days for the Sacred Mount and incomparable Vines there abounding which some think to be the first Plantation of the Patriarch Noâh Scronge and Chitpour are of great Trade for painted Calicuts called Chites those of Seronge are the most lively Colours and lasting Hallabas or Elabasse the Chrysoborca in Plin. by some Nisua teste Herb. is a great City upon the Confluence of Jeminy and Ganges which River there is no broader than the Seine before the Loure and at some times in the year so little water that it will not bear a small Boat much resorted to by the Bannyans for the Relicks of divers deformed Pagothia's These Bannyans swarm in multitudes all over the Indies sucking in the sweetness of Gain by an immeasurable thirst and industry But the Moors and Gentiles often ravish it from them for the Bannyan is no Hestor nor Fighter but morally honest courteous in Behaviour temperate in Passion decent in Apparel abstemious in their Diet industrious in their Callings charitable to the Needy humble to all and so innocent as not to take away the life of the smallest Vermin believing the Transanimation of Souls into Beasts a Persuasion though strange to us was not to our Country-men the Druidae of old Elora not much above three hours from Doltabad is famous for the many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of Men and Women cut in the Rock so that if one considers the number of spacious Temples full of Pillars and Plasters and the many Thousands of Figures all cut out of a Natural Rock it may be truly said That they are Works surpassing Human Force The River Ganges having received an infinite number of Brooks and Rivers from the North-East and West discharges itself by several Mouths into the Gulph of Bengala making several pleasant Islands containing many Towns covered with lovely Indian Trees Patna is one of the greatest Cities of India upon the Banks of Ganges about two Leagues long where the Hollanders have an House because of their Trade in Salt-petre Daca is a great Town about two Leagues long by the side of Ganges where the English and Hollanders have very fair Houses for their Goods and Trade reckon'd the Capital City of Bengala At Ouguely is the general Factory of the Dutch and at Kâssen Baser is the House of the Director of all the Holland Factories in Bângala Kachemire Cachmir and Kichmir Thev is esteemed the little Paradise of India by reason of its Beauty At Banareus upon the Banks of Ganges and Jaganate upon the mouth of it are the ch ef Pagods than which nothing can be more magnificent by reason of the quantity of Gold and Jewels wherewith they are adorned and millions of People repair thither to celebrate their Festivals Bengala famous for its temperate Air for the Fertility of the Soil for the great store of Rice for its Cane or Bamboo's and its Calamba wood which yields the most pleasant scent in the world It gives its Name to one of the most famous Gulphs of Asia called Golfo de Bengala the Sinus Gangeticus of Ptol. It s yearly Revenue paid to the Mogul comes to a Million and 500000 Roupies clear the chief City thereof is Bengala by some Satigan Gange Ptol. Ganges Strabo Thevenot calls this Province Oulesser the Idolaters Jaganat Besides these Countries I find mention made by Mr. Tavernier 1. Of the Kingdom of Bouton of a large Extent famous for Musk Rhubarb Wormseed and Furrs and the Caravan is three months travelling from Patna to Boutan the way being generally through Forests and over Mountains which after you have passed the Country is good abounding in Rice Corn Pulse and Wine They have had for a long time the use of Musquets and Cannon and their Gunpowder is long but of great Force The Natives are strong and well proportioned but their Noses and Faces are somwhat flat and there is no King in the world more feared and more respected than the King of Boutan 2. Of the Kingdom of Tipra adjoining to Pegu of whose extent there is no certain Conjecture to be made there is a Mine of Gold but course as also a sort of course Silk which is the greatest Revenue the King hath 3. Of the Kingdom of Asem which is one of the best Countries in all Asia producing all things necessary for human sustenance yet Dogs flesh is the greatest delicacy there are Mines of Gold Silver Lead Iron and store of Silk and Gumlake Kenerof is the Name of the City where the King keeps his Court and at Azo are the Tombs of the Kings of Asem and 't is thought that these are the first Inventers of Guns and Powder which from thence spread into China They have Vines but make no Wine but dry their Grapes to make Aquavitae and of the Leaves of Adam's Fig-tree they make Salt. The Men and Women are generally well-complexioned but swarthy subject to Wens in their Throats as well as those of Bouton and Tipra They go Naked only covering their Privy Parts and a Blue Bonnet or Cap upon their Heads with Bracelets upon their Ears Arms and Legs The PENINSULA On this side GANGES INDIA on this side GANGES by R. Morden Cancer THis Peninsula is comprehended between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges and advances Northwards from the Estate of the Mogul to Cape Cormorin in the South and on the East and West it is washed by the Ocean or Indian Sea. It is divided into two parts by the Mountains of Gata which stretch themselves from the North to the South with several fair Plains on the top and occasion several Seasons at the same time for many times it is Winter on the one side and Summer on the other It belongs to above fifty Kings the potentest of which by degrees subdueth the rest The Portugals English and Hollanders have several places near the Sea with Fortresses for the security of their Trade which is generally in Spices Jewels Pearls and Cotten-Linen The other places upon the Land are inhabited by the Natives whose Petty Sovereigns not being able to hinder the Settlement of the Europeans
they obtain'd leave to raise a Cittadel which was the first Fort they had in the East-Indies but that Fortress was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicut calls himself Zamorin a Prince of great power and awe and not more black of colour than treacherous in disposition Many deformed Pagotha's are here worshipped but with this ordinary Evasion That they adore not Idols but the Deumo's they represent And the Dutch General who was Cook of a Ship Crowned the King with those hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword And exacts a Tribute from all the Kings of Malabar but most of them are dispens'd withall from paying it Besides this Prince there are in this Country the Kings of Cananor Tanor Cranganor Cochin Coulan and Travancor and 10 or 12 other considerable ones Cochin Colchin of Ptol. Herb. not much inferior to Goa pays Tribute to the Hollanders who keep the Castle The Harbor is pester'd with Rocks and Shelves Coulan has been much richer and better peopled than it is for it had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants Sopatpa in Arrian and Coâây in Ptol. Zamoryn valu'd it for its Situation for its Port and its Fidelity Since that the Sands having stop'd up the Port Goa and Calecut have got all the Trade from it Cananor Calligeris Ptol. teste Castal holds also some Islands among the Maldives viz. the Isle Malicut and the five Isles of Diavandorow Onor the Hippocura of Ptol. teste Baud. produces a weighty sort of Pepper and Black Rice accounted better than the White Baticale and Gersopa further in the Land are the Capital Cities of their Kingdoms included under the general Name of Canara To Malabar joins the fishing Coast called the Coast of Manar where they fish for Pearls in April for three weeks together The Country which contains about 30 little Cities is dry and Sun-burnt having no other advantages but by the Fishery for which they keep a Fair at Tuticorin The most part of it is under the Nâic of Madure the Hollanders possessing only the Island of Kings where they have built a Fort and to which there is no coming but by a Chanel for the defence whereof they have rais'd several Works for conservation thereof being of so great importance to them by reason that thereby they are Masters of the Banks of Manar There is also found some Amber-greice and heretofore near to Cape Comârin a Cape well known of old by Ptol. called Cory Calligicum by Strab. Conomencina by Plin. Calusca Colaicum Comar by Arrian in his Periplus Comara extrema or Cape Comryn there was a Pearl found that weighed above 30 Quintals Coromandel or Corobander Cartagar damna Ptol. so called from the abundance of Rice which it produces is famous for the best Ports of India The City of Meliapore Malipur incolis St. Thomaso Lusitanis Mâlange Ptol. or the Calurmina of Sophron. and St. Thomas's Anglis where that Apostle wrought many Miracles and where as their Traditions he foretold the coming of White People into that Country It is observed that the Off-spring of those that Martyr'd St. Thomas have one Leg bigger than the other ââliour is seated upon a small River having five Foot of Water at the Mouth of it which is about Cannon-shot from the City but small Ships had rather harbor themselves at Pelicate and the great ones at Nâgaââtân which with Meliapor belongs to the Portugalâ Pâlicate besides the Town there is a Fort called Geldria that belongs to the Duââh where they have their chief Factory and where lives the chief Intendent over all the rest that are in the Territories of the King of Gâlââda In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers besides Merchants The Bastions are well stored with good Guns and the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it Tavernier tells us That when the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink they stay till the Sea is qââte gone out then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can they meet with fresh Water About 7 or 8 Leagues off is Fort St. George which belongs to the English whose Port or Harbor is called Madraspatan The Kingdom of Golconda is a Country abounding in Corn Rice Cattel and other Necessaries for Human Life and Bagnagar is the Name of the Metropolis commonly called Golconda which is the Name of a Fortress about two Leagues from it The City is said to be little less than Orleance seated upon a River which near to Mâslipatan falls into the Gulph of Bengala over which River there is a stately and fair Bridge into the City which is adorned with the King's Palace and the Houses of the great Lords and other Persons of Quality the Merchants and Tradesmen living in the Suburbs which are a League in length In this City is to be seen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod which had it been finished had been the fairest in India there is one Stone which is an entire Rock of such a prodigious Bulk that 5 or 600 Men were five years before they could hew it out of its place and they say that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned and of comely statures only the Country people swarthy there are said to be 20000 Licensed common Women about the City and Suburbs The present King descended from an ancient Family of the Turcomans is a Mahumetan and of the Sect of Hali and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods Maslipatan is a great City and the most famous Road for Ships in the Gulph of Bengal the Argaric Gulph of old from whence they set Sail for Pegu Siam Aracan c. where Bloom saith the English have setled a Factory Concerning the Kingdoms of Narsinga and Bisnagar which some Authors make two distinct Countries though some others confound them together I shall give you this account That formerly the Territories of the Raja of Narsinga extended from Cape Cormorin all along the Coast of Cormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls into the Bengalan Gulph near the mouth of the Ganges the other Raja's being his Subjects that the last Raja who was at War with Ackbar the Mogul brought into the Field four Armies the first lay in that Province which is now called Golconda the second was quartered in the Province of Visapour the third in Brampore the fourth in Doltabat This Raja dying without Children the four Generals divided amongst them the Country but the Successor of the Mogul conquered again that of Brampore of Doltabat and part of Visapour but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him as was said before so that 't is very probable there are no such Cities as Narsingue or Bisnagar Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of them The last Relations tell us that Gandicot Tav Guendicot Thev is one of the strongest Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica about 85 Leagues from Meliapour and
1200 from Goloonda And that the greatest Raja on that side Ganges is of Velour whose Territories extend to Cape Cormorin and who succeeded to some part of the Estate of the Raja of Narsingue but in regard there is no Trade in his Country he is but little known to Strangers Thevenot tells us That the Usurpers were but three viz. of Viziapor of Bisnagar or Carnates formerly called Narsinga and Golconda Thus these Kings clashing together the Kings of Viziapor and Golconda warred upon the King of Bisuagar and seized upon several of his Towns so that he was constrained to flie into the Mountains and that his chief Town was Velour The Winter begins at Golconda in June with Rain and Thunder the Air was little cold at Night and in the Morning and in February the great Heats begin Vines are plentiful there and the Grapes are ripe in January They have two Crops a Year of Rice and many other Grains Some Relations make mention of the Naiques of Madure the Helura Ptol. Mundiris Arriano Modusa Plin. Tanaior and Gingi the Orthura Ptol. teste Baud. Orissa Castal of the Kingdom of Messur next to that of Madure but give us little of Remarque with Certainty Of the Peninsula Beyond GANGES A New Map of INDIA Beyond GANGES By R Morden THis Country in the elder Times was so Renowned for Wealth that one Tract of it had the Name of the Silver Region the other of the Golden Chersenese yet in truth the Country itself was but little known in the Times of the Ancients or the Interior part of it to us in these days Our latest Discoveries tell us 't is dismembred and subdivided into almost as many Kingdoms and Estates as Cities and Towns and into as many distinct Governments as there are Tribes and Nations amongst them the chief Cities of which are Pegu Triglipton or Trigliphon of Ptol. by Castal which was very considerable when it comprehended two Empires and 26 Kingdoms and then it was that Gold Silver Pearls and precious Stones were as common in the Court of Pegu as if the whole Orient had brought all its Riches thither But what its Revenues what its Government what its Forces and Riches now are I do not certainly find On the North of Pegu near Bengala is the City and Kingdom of Arachan now said to be subject to the Great Mogul Siriangh or Sirejang is a strong Fort on the mouth of the River given to the Portugals by the King of Arachan who at last were forced to yield it to the King of Ana by whom the Governor was cruelly Tortured on a Spit Sandiva is an Island about 30 Leagues in compass very fruitful once subdued by the Portugals but taken from them by the King of Arachan Anno 1608. 2. Siam of which our last Relation tells us That 't is a Country plentiful in Rice and Fruits The Forests of large Bamboo's are full of Rhinocero's Elephants Tygers Harts Apes and Serpents with two Heads but one has no motion The Rivers are very large and overflow the Banks when the Sun is in the Southern Tropick The Capital City is Siam the Sobanus or Cortacha of Ptol. about 3. Leagues in Circuit and walled the River running quite round it and in the Year 1665. fortified with very good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jesuit whose Port Town is Bancock six Leagues from the Sea. The Natives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords they have a great many Priests called Bonzes very ignorant yet greatly reverenced they hold the Transmigration of Souls into several Bodies and say That the God of the Christians and theirs were Brothers They have 33 Letters in their Alphabet and write from the Left to the Right contrary to the Custom of other Indians Their King is one of the richest Monarchs of the East and styles himself King of Heaven and Earth though Tributary to the Tartars as Conquerors of China He never shews himself in Publick above twice a Year but then in an extraordinary Magnificence He hath a great kindness for Elephants counts them his Favourites and the Ornaments of his Kingdom and styles himself King of the White Elephant for which there hath been great Wars between him and the Peguan King. Martaban said to be the Triglipton of Ptol. on the Gulph of Bengala once subject to Pegu now to Siam once a Kingdom now of a great Trade especially for Martabanes which are Vessels of Earth of a kind of Porcelain varnished with black and much esteemed in all the East 3. Malacca the Aurea Chersonesus of old in the Peninsula whereof are divers Kingdoms all which except Malacca are Tributary to that of Siam Tenasseri Juncalaon Quedda Pera and Malacca are on the Western part Ihor Puhang Patane Burdelong and Ligor are on the Eastern Coast Malacca the Tacola of Ptol. teste Alph. Adriano aliis Tacolais Juncalaon is the most famous being great rich and powerful An. 1511. the Portugals took it and kept it till 1641. when the Hollanders took it from them Among the Rarities of the Malacca or rather of the World is the Arbor Tristis which bears Flowers only after Sun-set and sheds them so soon as the Sun rises and this every Night in the year 4. Camboja Forte Pytindra or Pityndra of Ptol. on the River Mecon 60 Leagues up the River once one of the three prime Cities in this part of India The King thereof is or lately was Tributary to Siam whose Manners and Customs the People much resemble In the year 1644. four Holland Ships made into this River and got out notwithstanding all the opposition of the King of Camboja 5. Chiampa which communicates its Name to the Country said to be a distinct Kingdom It is seated near the Sea-side and of good Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes by some the Town is called Pulo Caceim Cochin China is said to be one of the best Kingdoms in all India it borders upon China of which it was once part and whose Manners Customs Government Religion and other Ceremonies they yet retain but their Language is that of Tonquin Among the Rarities of this Country is First The Inundation which in Autumn covers with its Waters almost all the Country making the Earth so fruitful that it brings forth its Increase twice or thrice a year Secondly Their Saroy Boura or matter wherewith the Swallows make their Nests which being steeped and moistned in Water serves for Sauce to all Meats communicating a variety of Taste as if composed of several Spices Thirdly Their Trees called Thins the Wood whereof remains uncorruptible whether in Water or Earth Sansoo is one of the greatest Cities of Chochin China and greatest Trade but now the Port failing it decays Haifo or Faifo is remarkable for its Forest of Orange and Pomgranate Trees Dinfoan is a good Port but of a difficult entrance Tachan is an Isle where the Fowls retire during the Heats Boutan is a good Haven Checo Kekio or Kecchio
is the chief City of the Kingdom of Tunquin and the ordinary Residence of the King said to contain a Million of Inhabitants The Tunquineses as well Men as Women are for the most part well proportioned of an Olive Complexion Their Habit grave and modest being a long Robe that reaches down to their Heels bound about at the Waste with a Girdle of Silk Only the Soldier 's upper Garment reaches no farther than his Knees and Breeches down to the mid-leg They are naturally mild and peaceable submitting to Reason and condemning the Transports of Choler The Air is so mild and temperate that all the year long seems to be but one continued Spring Frost and Snow are there never known There are but two Winds which divide the whole Year the one North the other South both continuing for six Months The Country produceth neither Corn nor Wine but store of Rice Aqua-vitae and excellent Fruit. Bodego is the place whence they embark the King's Body Cuadag is the Port where all the great Ships lie Cuaci is the Bounds between Tunquin and Cochin China Chancon is the place where St. Xavier died 1552. The Country is adorned with many beautiful and fertile Plains and watered with many great Rivers Two Ships or at least one goes yearly from Nangesaque to Tonquin where is much Silk and Musk and Lignum Aloes which they truck for Scarlets Linen and Amber the Alabaster the Dutch load for Balast The King's Palace before which the Dutch Ships ride at Anchor is very costly and their Bridges are all of Alabaster Modern Relations also mention the great Kingdom of Lao which extends from Fourteen Degrees to Two and twenty and an half of Northern Latitude and Fifty miles in breadth all along on the River Mecon whose Capital is Lanjang in Eighteen Degrees of Latitude As also the Kings of Ava the Palibothra of Ptol. by Mercat Palimbothaea Arriano Bao Brema Ciocangue and Tangu which are said to be Tributaries to the King hereof About Twenty Leagues from the Coast Cambodia lies the Bank Pracellis being about an Hundred Leagues long and Forty broad The Indians relate that it was a Kingdom in former Ages but sunk by Earthquakes and here it was in Anno 1660. the rich laden Ship Tergoes was shipwrack'd Of CHINA CHINA a New Description by Robert Morden CHina has been called by as many Names as there have been Royal Families in it but always accounted one of the most considerable Countries in the World by reason of its Largeness the Beauty of its Cities their Number and the politeness of the Inhabitants It is also reputed that Printing the Silk Manufactures Artillery Powder are more in use there than in Europe Besides all things necessary for human subsistence and delight it produces the most precious Merchandizes of the East and Nature seems to have bestowed upon every one of its Provinces somthing of particular esteem and some that have lived there affirm that whatever is found dispers'd in the rest of the World is there to be met with in one heap together and some things that no part of the rest of the World affords China lies in a kind of a Square and is so populous that there have been reckon'd 60 Millions of People fit to be tax'd The Rivers are so full of Boats that it is thought they have more than all the Rivers of the World beside The Revenue of the King is said to be an 150 Millions of Gold or as others affirm 400 Millions of Ducats The Chineses laugh at our Maps that place their Kingdom in one of the extremities of the World averring that they lie in the middle as the Jews pretended for Jerusalem the Greeks for Delphos and the Moors for Granada The Chineses also say that they have two Eyes the Europeans one and that all other Nations have none at all They have been always so jealous to conceal the Maxims of their Policies that willingly they will not give Strangers admittance into their Country The great Wall or Entrenchment rather 400 Leagues in length was a work of more labor than use for the Tartars have several times over-run China notwithstanding that Obstacle If you will believe their Histories they will tell you that the Tartars have troubled China for above these 4000 years In these last years there have been strange Revolutions in this Empire for after the Rebels had acted there as Sovereigns the Tartars under Xunchi their King conquer'd their Country in less than seven years beginning since 1643. Their Military Force was but small the Men of Learning overpow'ring the Men of the Sword so that the strength of their Kingdom was only their Number and their Policy Their principal Nobility and Rulers were call'd Mandarins and now the Tartar keeps his Tartar and Chinese Officers under the Title of Vice-Roys the one for War the other for Learning there is only this difference that now the Sword ore-tops the Gown and the Mandarins are clipt of their Power which they exercise with no small Pride over the People Paganism is generally receiv'd yet Virtue is in high esteem The publick is far richer in proportion than private Men. They continue their Writing from the top to the bottom in length They have above 60000 Letters but not above 300 Words which are for the most part all Monasillables So that whereas the Europeans have few Letters but many Words the Chineses have many Letters but few Words which they pronounce with a various Tone denoting the various signification of the Word so that they may be said to sing rather than speak The Chineses are so in love with their hair that they will rather suffer Death than be shav'd All China is divided into 15 Provinces which are bigger than large Kingdoms There are 10 towards the South that is to say Junnan Queicheu Quangsi Quantung Fokien Chekiang Kiangsi Kiangnang or Nanking Suchuen and Huquang which Provinces united some call by the name of Cathay or Katay as they call the Southern Mangin The five to the North are Xensi Xansi Pecheli or Peking Xantung Honan to which they also reckon the Territory called Leaotung and the Peninsula Corea The Isles of China are Ainan toward the South near to the Coast of Fokien lie Quemoy and Eymuy further off at Sea appears Fermosa and to the East of Cheklang are the Isles Chanque and Chexan The Province of Peking or Pecheli is the first in Dignity and is divided into eight lesser Counties containing 131 Cities The Metropolis is Peking by the Tartars Xuntien by Marcus Paulus Cambalu in 39 degr 50. North Latitude adorned with many stately Palaces or Courts According to the Dutch Narration the Emperor's Court was exactly square containing 3 quarters of an hours walk with 4 Gates opposite to the 4 Angles of the World at the end of this Court stands a Bridge on each side whereof stand three Elephants richly caparisoned and generally loaded with gilded Towers through this you enter into
wind and weather Niencheu Kincheu Chucheu Kinhoa Vencheu Ningpo and Xoahing all chief Cities and bravely adorned not far from Ningpo lies Liampo once much frequented by the Portugals The whole Province of Chekiang is every where cut through with Rivers Rivulets and murmuring streams some natural others artificial The chief River Che which gives name to the Country of which they tell us that annually upon the eighteenth day of the eighth Moon which is our October a prodigious Spring-tide happens roaring extreamly in its ascent beyond the loud murmur of Cataracts or Water-breaks and comes with a head high and strangely mounted above the Waters The Province of Nanking by the Tartars called Kiangnan is the second in honour in magnitude and fertility in all China It is divided into fourteen great Territories having Cities and Towns an hundred and ten Nanking or Kiangning being the Metropolis a City that if she did not exceed most Cities on the Earth in bigness and beauty yet she was inferior to few for her Pagodes her Temples her Porcelane Towers her Palaces and Triumphal Arches Fungiang Sucheu Sunkiang Leucheu Hoaigan Ganking Ningue Hoeicheu are also eminent Places and of great Note and Trade The Province of Quantung lies along upon the Sea-shore having many convenient Havens and Harbors It contains ten Counties and eighty great and small Cities Quancheu or Canton by the Portugals is the Metropolis and chief of the Province exceedingly beautified with Pagodes Palaces stately Structures and Triumphal Arches fortified with strong Walls Towers Bulwarks and Redoubts defended by five Castles Of the greatest Trade and the richest in the whole Kingdom The other great Cities are Xaocheu Hoeicheu Chaocheu Chacking Liencheu and Luicheu The Island of Ainan or Hainan is reckoned for the tenth County it lies in the Bay of Tunking separated from China by a Chanel of about five leagues broad where they fish for Pearls it chief City is Kiuncheu or Ingly fortified with strong Walls handsom Buildings and well seated for Trade and the whole Island produceth all Necessaries for human sustenance Southwards of Canton lie many small Islands in the Sea on one of which or rather a little Rock joyned to a great Island lieth the City Macao once possessed by the Portuguese so naturally fortified that 't is almost invincible being defended with two strong Castles against the attempts of an Enemy The Province of Quansi in Bigness plenty of Merchandise and pleasant Fields may compare with the rest It is divided into eleven great Countries which contain ninety eight Cities great and small the chief whereof is Quilia full of stately Structures other chief Cities are Gucheu Kingyang Cincheu Nunning Taping Chingan and others The Province of Quicheu is divided into eight Counties having great and small Cities to the number of eighty one of which Quiyang is the chief Chinyveng Tunying Liping are the next considerable The Province of Junnan though the last in place is not the least in extent and goodness viz. in the abundance of rich commodities 'T is divided into twelve Provinces contaning eighty seven Cities great and small besides thirteen Garisons The Metropolis Junnan boasts to be one of the best and greatest Cities in all China flourishing in Trade and Riches adorned with fair Structures and Temples Jungning Likiang Yaogan Tali Manhoa Kinghung and Lancand are other chief places In short they reckon in these Counties twelve hundred ninety nine Towns two hundred forty seven great Cities called Cheu and eleven hundred fifty two little Towns called Hien yet as big an ordinary City in Europe Martinius sets down thirteen hundred forty eight Towns whereof one hundred fifty nine are great called Cheu and the other Hien There are also great Garisons or Military Countries every one with lesser Garisons under their commands thirty seven in number also several Forts and Castles to the number of one hundred seventy six Besides these Towns and Fortresses China is very full of innumerable Villages and Hamlets so that it appears to be as one entire City Corea is divided into eight Territories On the North it joins to Nieuche in Tartary the South respects the Island Fungma or Quelpaerts on which in the year 1653 the Ship Sperwer of Batavia was Shipwracked and of sixty four men thirty six got to shore who suffered many extreamities and there found one of their Dutch Country men that had been prisoner twenty seven years The whole Country is exceeding populous full of Towns built after the Chinese manner whose Fashions Language Letters Religion and Government the Coreans follow It s chief City is Pinjang but by the aforesaid Dutch mens Relations Sioor was the Royal City from whence in the year 1666 in a Fishermans bark in ten days eight of them got to Gotto Island and from thence to Nengesaque on the Island Dysma The Isle Formosa once Paccand now under the Tartars abounds with Deer wild-Goats Hares Coneys Swine and Tygers the Woods with Pheasants and Pidgeons and the Ground produceth Rice Wheat Sugar Ginger Cinnamon Coco-Nuts and several other necessaries for human Sustenance Their chief practice or special Virtues are Theft Murder and Adultery but if any of the Women prove with Child before they are thirty seven years of Age when they are ready to be delivered the Midwife kneads it to death in the womb They Write Read and have Registers In Anno 1654 hapned a mighty Earthquake which continued seven weeks with little intermissions In December and January is generally the fairest Weather Their greatest Rains are in July and August The Mousons or stormy Seasons begin in October and continue till March which is called the Northern the other or Southern begins in May and holds till September Against the North-East part of Formosa lies a rich golden Mine surrounded by many Rocks from whence in August the Rains wash down great store of gold Oar not far from the Fort Kelang which the Dutch had in possession Taywan or Tayovan upon the Isle Formosa the utmost North-point being distant almost a league but the Southermost point within a Bow-shot of the Land it is about two leagues and an half in Length and a quarter in Breadth on the North-side upon a Sand-Hill stands the Fort Zelandia built by the Dutch 1632 under the Castle Westward lies another Fort guarded by two points of the Sea A Bow-shot distant lies a strong Outwork being the Key to the Castle called Utrecht Eastward from which stands the Town built by the Dutch On the other side on the main of Formosa stands the Fort and Village Sakkam well planted with Cannon but in the year 1661 Coxinga and his Associates being a crew of Rebels Chineses took both the Island of Formosa and Tayoven from the Dutch after a siege of ten Months where Coxinga found ten Tun of Gold forty pieces of Ordnance and other things to a great value Of JAPAN JAPONAE ac TERRAE IESSONIS Novissima Descriptio Robt. Morden THE Island of Japan
formerly a famous City but swallowed up and shuffled into Ruins and Rubbish by an Earthquake which are very frequent in Japan Oudarro is a stately City adorned with a sumptuous Palace and lofty Spires The other chief Islands about Japan are Bungo Cikoko Saykok or Ximo all one Island but thus called by several Authors 2. Tonsa or Xicoco or Tokoese and Chiccock 3. Firando and Gotto with innumerable others Congoxuma is the first City where the Portugueses landed and got footing in Japan and was their Staple Nangesaque is the chief Staple and Residence of the Dutch in Japan first built by the Portugues This Lodge or Fortress lies on the small Island Disma and is the Magazine for all Indian Commodities and the best harbor for the reception of Merchant Vessels of any Port in Japan At this day the Hollanders pretend all Trade at Japan The extent of Jesso being Mountainous and abounding with costly Furs is yet unknown only that 't is a vast and wild Country full of Savage People cloathed with Skins of wild Beasts who can give no account further than they dwell Of the ISLES in the Indian Sea. SUch is the Infinity of these Isles that 't is impossible to give a just account of them I shall therefore only mention the most considerable And first of the Maldives The Maldives and Ceylon Ilands by Robt. Morden Of the Islands of the MALDIVES THE Maldives Islands situate under the Equinoctial Line derive their Name from the principal City called Male and Dive which signifies an Island They are reckoned to be about 12000 but that is supposed to be only by taking a certain Number for an uncertain They are dispersed from the North-West to the South-East into 13 Provinces which the Inhabitants call Attollons every one of which is fenc'd with a Bank of Sand but some of them are only Sand-hills or Rocks being all of them very little for Male the chief is but a League about They are divided by Arms of the Sea and environ'd with Rocks which renders the Access to them very difficult There are some Ports or Openings one opposite to another so plac'd that they give an Entrance into the four Attollons for the benefit of Trade otherwise the Currents would carry the Vessels above 7 or 800 Leagues beyond The Currents run six Months to the East and six to the West somtimes more somtimes less But the Sea being shallow the Winds outrageous and few Commodities to be had these Islands are not frequented by the Europeans The King of Maldives is called Rascan his Kingdom never is governed by the Female Sex and for his Revenue it consists in the misfortunes of others that is to say Wrecks at Sea. So that there is no trusting to the Maldives Pilots who will cast away a Ship on purpose that their King may have the Spoil On the other side the King himself uses to caress the Masters of Ships and to invite them to his Island to the end that dying of the Distemper of the Island which carries off Strangers in a short time he may be Heir to their Goods The Natives are little Olive coloured and Mahumetans They are subject to violent Fevers and Sickness by reason of the excessive heat They shave with cold Water catch Fish swimming and will dive to the bottom of the Sea to find a convenient place where to cast their Anchors They will fetch up out of the Sea with an incredible easiness an 100000 weight by the help of a Cable and some pieces of their Candon Wood. Their Coco's are very profitable to them for of those they make Wine Honey Sugar Milk and Butter They eat Almonds instead of Bread with all sorts of Food They put every Trade into a particular Island and to preserve their Wares from Vermin they build their Storehouses upon Piles in the Sea about an 100 paces from their Isles A Description of ZEILON alias CEYLON the Nangieris of Ptol. A New Map of CEYLON by Rob Morden THE Hollander is now Master of all the Sea-Coast the Inland Country is under the King of Candy and is divided into several Parts or Provinces which lie upon Hills fruitful and well-watered and are called in general Conde Uda This Inland Country of Conde Uda is strongly fortified by Nature the Entrances being up vast and high Mountains and the Ways so very narrow that but one Man can go a-breast and these Paths also are barricado'd up with Gates of Thorns and two or three Men to watch and examin all that come or go Candy or Conde by the Europeans Hingodagul-neure by the Inhabitants is the Chief or Metropolis of the whole Island bravely situated in the midst of it for all Conveniences but of late much decayed South of Candy 12 Miles distant lies Nellemby-neur where the King kept his Court when he left Candy Alent-neur is the place where the King was born and his Magazin for Corn and Salt. Badoula was burnt down in the time of War by the Portugals Digligy-neur is the place where the King now keeps his Court since the Rebellion Ann. 1664. its Situation is very Rocky and Mountainous being a place for Safety and Security Anurodgbarro is one of the ruinous Cities where they say 90 Kings have reigned distant from Candy 90 Miles Northwards Leawava affords Salt in abundance the Easterly Winds beating in the Sea and in the Westerly Wind which makes fair Weather it becomes Salt. Rece is the chiefest Flower of their Corn which is of several sorts some will be ripe in seven Months others in six five four and three but all requires water to grow in Their Seed-time is about July and August their Harvest about February Of Fruits there are great plenty and variety viz. the Betel Nut whose Leaves are 5 or 6 Foot long and have other lesser Leaves growing out of the sides of them some of these Nuts will make People drunk and giddy-headed and purge if eaten green There are also Jacks which are as big as a Peck-Loaf the out-side prickly like a Hedgehog and of a greenish colour the Seeds or Kernels do much resemble Chesnuts in colour and taste The Jombo is like an Apple full of Juice and pleasant to the Palat 't is white and delicately coloured with red as if painted There are also Murro's like Cherries sweet to the taste Dongs like Black Cherries Ambeloes like to Barbaries Carolla Cabella Cabela Paradigye like our Pears Here are also Coker-Nuts Plantines and Banara's of divers sorts sweet and sowre Oranges Limes Partaurings in taste like our Lemmons but much bigger Mangoes of several sorts Pine-Apples Sugar-Canes Water-Melons Pomgranats Grapes black and white Mirablins Codiews and several other There is also the Tallipot-Tree which bears no kind of Fruit until the last year of its life and then it comes out full of yellow Blossoms which smell very strong which come to a Fruit round and hard as big as our Cherries but not good to eat but the Leaf of
Plenty may be called The Epitom of the World. The City of Bantam lies at the Foot of a Hill environed by 2 Rivulets and divided by another The Port is large and the most frequented of all the Islands of Sonde for it affords all kind of Spices Stones and other Commodities of the East-Indies The Spaniards call Bantam the Geneva of the East Jacatra or Batavia is the Residence of the Consul for the Holland Company ever since the year 1619. It is defended by a good Cittadel with four regulated Bastions it lies in a Bay which being secur'd toward the Sea by some Islands makes the best Road in all the Indies Jortam next to that is one of the best Ports and most frequented Borneo the very biggest Island of all Asia abounds in Mirobalans and Camphire It has several good Ports but few good Cities Some say that this was the Java of Mark Poll of Venice and that the Lesser Java was that already mentioned The City is built upon Piles in the Sea at the Mouth of a fair River having a large and commodious Harbor The Natives have a peculiar King of their own as likewise has Bender-Massin Sambos is the Capital City of the Kingdom affording Diamonds Of the PHILIPPINE Islands The PHILIPINE ISLES By Robt. Morden The PHILIPPINE Islands PHilip the Second gave his own Name to these Islands which are about Forty or fifty great ones for should we reckon up little ones they would make by Relation some Thousands the most part of them very fertile and the Inhabitants pay their Tribute in Soldiers The Council of Spain oftentimes proposed the quitting of those Islands because of the Expences of the Garisons But because they lie convenient for the Trade between China and the Molucca Islands the King was resolved to keep them The Islanders are valiant and preserve their Liberty in several places Luc'on otherwise New-Castile is the biggest of all the Philippine Islands The City Manilla which lends its Name to the whole Body of these Islands is the Seat of the Viceroy and an Archbishop It is but small but neat and well fortified and safe from Mining two thirds of the Town lying upon a River Navigable for Barks and the third part lying upon the Sea. Besides Spaniards and Indians there are several Chineses that resort thither as to the Magazine of the richest Commodities in the world Cavite two Leagues from the City is the principal Haven secured from the Winds and fortified with two wooden Forts The Bay is 40 Leagues in compass where there is a convenience to build great Gallions however the North Winds blow hard upon it the Bottom is bad and Entrance difficult New Segovia or Cagajon is in the most Northern part of the Isle Luc'on Tandaya or Philippina is South-East from the Southermost point of Lucon and the Straight between them is called the Straight of Manilla esteemed the best and most pleasant of all the Islands whose chief place is Achan The Island Mindanao has not been in the Spaniards hands but a little while St. Juan or John lies North-East of Mindanao That of Paragoya or Calamianes of Boterus the Puloam of Maginus who discovered these Islands in 1520 and some others obey their own Kings Cebu and Matan are known the first by the discovery of Magellan the other by the death of Magellan The Spaniards that are bound to the Philippines never sail through our Hemisphere and therefore they would have these Islands as well as the Molucca's to be the Bounds of the West-Indies which they for that Reason would have to reach as far as the Molucca's Other Islands are Mindora which gives Name to a Straight so called Masbat Negoas Panay Kapul or Bohol Abuya or Rebujan From the Philippine Islands Eastward there lie several other Isles called in Spanish by the general Name Islas de las Velas by the Dutch Isles de Ladâânes or Larrons of which I find nothing memorable except their Names in some Maps And that the Inhabitants are poor naked and great Thieves Of the MOLVCCA Islands The MOLUCCA ILANDS c. By R. Morden The MOLVCCA Islands THere are five of these Islands that carry the particular Name of Molucca's These five Islands are very small seated much about the Equinoctial Line in an unwholsom Air for Strangers They are under several Kings The Hollanders have also some Fortresses there They afford Nutmegs Ginger and Cloves Ternate the biggest of the five little ones is eight Leagues about with a Mountain that casts out Fire It hath besides several Villages uninhabited in times of War three Cities or rather Forts viz. Gammalamme Mayloye now called Orange Tacony by the Dutch William Stad The rest are Tidor very considerable Motir Machoan Bachian The Molucco's are good Soldiers and for the most part Mahumetans Besides the Kings of Ternate Tidor and Bachian there are several others in the Celebes Islands and Gilolo The King of Macassar in the Celebes particularly has a while since extraordinarily fortified his own City He has always given Strangers free entrance into his Ports In 1667 he treated with the Hollanders and quitted the Portugals But in 1668 the Hollanders obliged him to trade with no other Nations but them And there was a Report that the Dutch have since seized upon and taken Macassar The Air of this Country is good but the Heats are insupportable in the Day-time Formerly the Natives of Macassar ate Human Flesh for which Reason the Neighbouring Princes sent them all their Criminals Celebes is fertile in Rice and the Land of Papous yields Gold Ambergreece and Birds of Paradise Banda is an Island towards the South of the Molucco's with five or six other Islands about it to which it gives its Name It is the only Island in the World that produces Nutmegs and Mace There is in it a burning Mountain and in the year 1615 all the great Guns in the Island were spoil'd About four Years before the barbarous proceedings of the Dutch at Amboyna they shot Captain Courtupt in his Boat going from his House and Factory in Polleroon to one of the adjacent Clove Islands called Lantore on which Island not long after some English suffer'd such unparallel'd and barbarous Cruelty by the Dutch as a created Nature was capable of enduring In the Year 1617 the Inhabitants of Banda Island besought Capt. Bal then President at Bantam to receive their Island into his Jurisdiction to defend them from the Tyrannies of the Dutch who murdered them at their pleasures and abused their Wives whilst themselves were enforc'd to look on protesting also that they never gave the least consent to them to possess their Island which was accepted of by the English but in the Year 1622 they were forced by the Dutch to abandon the Banda Islands and it is credibly reported that after the English had left those Islands the numerous shoals of Mackerel which was the chiefest Support to the Inhabitants and which came constantly in their
Barbarians others are free people Of the Jews some are Natives others are Strangers divided they are into several Tribes Wealthy and Numerous but despised and abominated by the Turks and Moors The Caffers or Libertines hold many Athiestical Tenents live together without Ceremonies like our Familists or Adamites inhabiting from Mosambique all along the Coast beyond the Cape of Good Hope The Idolaters are numerous in Negroland in both the Aethiopia's and towards the Great Ocean The Mahumetans possess the greatest part of Africa Aegypt and most of the Coast or the Red Sea and almost all Barbary belongs to the Turk excepting the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez which are govern'd by Kings of their own the Cities of the Pirates and some others upon the Coasts that belong to the Christians Aethiopia Nubia Congo and Monomotopa have their particular Kings There are also Arabian Cheiques in Belledulgerid and Sarra The Country of the Blacks is under several Petty Sovereigns whose Jurisdiction is bounded somtimes within the limits of a Town The Kings of England and Portugal and the Hollanders have several Ports upon the Sea-coast for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country The French also possess some places of Trade in Barbary Guiney and in the Island of Madagascar which they call the Dolphins Island The grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem is Lord of the Island of Maltha Of BARBARY West BARBARJE by Rob t Mordon East BARBARJE by Robt. Morden BY the Name of Barbary was that part of Africa known to the Ancients which we call Zanguebar whereas the modern Barbary lies all along upon the Mediterranean Sea being the best and best peopled Country of all Africa by reason of the convenience of Trade The Romans the Sarazens the Vandals the Arabians the Moors the Turks have been successively Lords thereof and have called the Cities by different Names But at this day a great part of it is under the Turk The Emperor of Fez and Morocco Rules the North-west part The Spaniards Portugals English and Dutch possess several places upon the Coast Susaon Constantine Couco Labes are little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains Saly Tituan Algier Tunis and Tripoly belong to the Pirats the three last under the Protection of the Grand Signior who sends a Basha to each though they have but very little Authority The French hold the place called the Bastion of France and the Genoeses the Island Tabarque Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereberes oftner called Moors There are also some Arabians who setled themselves there in the Year 999. They live in the open Field in Adouares or Commonalties compos'd of several Families which they call Baraques where they have an 100 or 200 Tents set up in a Round The Inhabitants are generally of a duskish or rather blackish Complexion naturally Ingenious and given to Arts and Literature studious in their Law very distrustful inconstant crafty malicious when angred very active good Horsemen of a stately gate costly in their Apparel and jealous of their Wives who are of a comely Body well featured of delicate soft Skins and in their Dress exceeding sumptuous The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns is the Arabick but in Fesse and Morocco the Punick or old African the ancient Language of the Country 'T is situate between 30 and 35 degrees of Northern Latitude the longest Summers day about 13 hours one quarter increased to 14 and one quarter in the most Northern parts it is extended in length from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt in breadth from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains Barbary comprehends several Kingdoms that contain Cities of the same Name Morocco Fez Telensen or Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoly and Barca Of the Kingdom of Fez. A New Map of the Kingdoms of FEZ MAROCCO by R. Morden THis Country lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morocco on the North and South and between the Ocean Atlantick and the Argierine Territories on the West and East and contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is now divided into seven Parts or Provinces viz. Temesne Fez Azgar Habat Errife Garret and Chaus The chief places of the Province of Temesne are 1. Rabat Opinum olim Episcopalis Tingitanae built after the Model of Morocco with its Aqueduct 12 Miles long by King Mansor Anfa and Anafe on the Coast seated in a delightful Plain was once one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals and for its Riches but being addicted to Piracy was the cause of its Ruine and of that of Almansor Muchatia on the Guer is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts or Saints Adendum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it Tegaget for its store of Grains The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suba Sabur teste Marm. Cast and Baragrag the Salu of Plin. Ptol. c. the Ornament of this Province nay of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call The Court of the West about a degree from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean Sea Volubilis Tingitanae Ptol. Volubile Plin. teste Marmol ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã Seldeni the fairest and best City of all Barbary but the Romantick Description by Heylin Blome c. is very different from our later Relations so that I can write nothing of it with certainty The City of Mahmora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 1515 but retaken by the King of Fez who there defeated 10000 Christians and got 60 pieces of Artillery taken again by the Spaniards 1614. and fortified having a good Port. Sally or Sale is the Salu Plin. Ptol. Sol. Sella Jo. Leoni Cela Marm. is composed of two Cities the Old and New its Fortress is on a rising Ground with an high Tower in its Castle is the magnificent Tomb of King Manson and others it hath a Trade with the English French Dutch and Genouese but 't is most enriched by its Piracies Michness between Sally and Fez is encompassed with Gardens of excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Citrons Oranges Lemmons Figs Olives Grapes c. Asgar or Azgar towards the Sea affords Fens and Marshes where they catch store of Eels And store of Forests whence they have Charcoal and Wood whose chief places were Elgiumha or Elgiuhma now only a Granary where the Arabs store up their Corn. Casar-Elcaber or Alcazar is a place of pleasure built by King Mansor famous for the Battel which Don Sebastian King of Portugal lost in 1578. fought near this place in which all three of the Competitors lost their Lives Don Sebastian was slain in the Field Muly Mahomet of Fez was drowned and Abdelmelech of Morocco the Conqueror died either with the labour and pains or with the sickness with which he was seized before the Battel and amongst several others of eminent Quality was that famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley slain Lharais or Larrach
the Lixos of Plin. Lixa Ptol. Lix Sol. teste Marm. Arais Africanis once greater than the great Carthage the Royal Residence of Antaeus whom Hercules defeated and from whence he brought the Golden Apples gathered in the Hesperides Gardens is now one of the principal Fortresses of the Kingdom delivered to the Spaniards by Muly Xecque 1610. for which he lost his Life by his own People Habat is one of the most considerable Provinces in Fez its chief Cities are Arzilla Zilia Ptol. Zelis Strab. teste Marmol took by the Portugals 1471 but in the Year 1508 besieged by Muley Mahomet and Oataz who took the City and Castle the Portugals securing themselves in the Tower were relieved and retook the City and Castle retaken since by the Xerifs who at present keep it It was oftentimes the retreat or shelter of Gayland in his Wars against Ben Boucan and Taffilette Tangier Tingi Strab. Plin. Tingis Ptol. Tingios Steph. Tangeri Marmol some Writers tell us it was first built by Phut others say it was founded by Syphax Son to Antaeus slain by the Lybian Hercules and called after his Mothers name Tagena but depopulated and ruined by the Civil Wars amongst the Natives After which the Romans making themselves Masters of the Country re-edified or founded this City which gave name to the whole Country of Fez and Morocco called Tingitana Mauritana under whom it continued until the Goths over-ran the whole Country These were dispossessed by the Africans and Arabians first attempted in vain in the Year 1483 by the King of Portugal but in the Year 1508 it was seized by the Governor of Arzilla for the King of Portugal who strongly fortified it In the Year 1661 it was delivered into the hands of the King of Great Britain Charles II. as part of the Dowry of His Royal Consort Queen Katherine Tettuan or Tetteguin is a well built Town and keeps many Christian Slaves Ceuta remains in the hands of the Spaniards The Mountains or Cavila's of this Province are very considerable viz. Angera for Flax and Timber Gazar Ezzaghir once belonging to the Portugals Chebib much enlarged The Province of Errif is very mountainous and woody abundant in Barley Vines Figs Olives and Almonds Gomer is seated on a River of the same Name Terga drives a Trade in Salt Fish Bedis or Belis with its Castle and Palace maintain some Gallies but much molested by the Fort Pinnon de Velez held by the Spaniards in an Island hard by it Mizemma or Bezuma formerly great and well peopled where the French intended to settle a Factory or Trade Of the Mountains or Cavila's that of Beniguazeval or Benzarael can arm 25000 Men and hath a Vulcano which continually casts out Fire It found a months work for Taffilett's Army after he had taken Fez by Stratagem Susaon is one of the most fruitful and most pleasant places of Africa its People under their Xeque keeping themselves in Liberty Gebha or Gebba is the Sestiaria of Ptol. teste Castal but according to Mol. Cabo de tres Forces is the Sastiaria of old And Cabo de tres Forcas is Metagonium Strab. Metagonitas Ptol. Castal and Cabo de Casasa Mol. The Province of Garret lies upon the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea extending to the River Mulvia which separates it from Teleusin its chief place is Melilla Ryssadirum Ptol. Rusader Ant. Rusardir Plin. teste Marmolio now in the hands of the Spaniards taken Anno 1â97 by John Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia Chusasa was taken before by Ferdinand King of Castile c. The Province of Chaus is very large among its Cities Tezza is the chief esteemed the third of the Kingdom adorned with three Colledges 23 Banians many Hospitals and 100 Mosques or Temples and a magnificent Castle 2. Turret seated on a Hill in the midst of a Plain very advantageously enclosed with strong Walls 3. Dubdu on the side of an high Mountain from which many Fountains descend Among the Inhabitants of the Mountains some are rich and others poor some are fruitful in Vineyards some in Fruits and some in Pastures In this Province is the noted Basket-bridge over the River Sebu the Subur of Plin. Ptol. teste Marmol Cast between two high Rocks 150 yards from the Water Gherseluin is beyond the Atlas Mountains Garsis is the Galapha of Ptol. teste Marm. The Kingdom of Morocco with that of Fez contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is divided into seven Provinces viz. Sus Hea Guzula Morocco Teldes Hascora and Ducala and contains the ancient Mauritania Sitifensis C. Caâtin is the Usadium Ptol. teste Baud. Marmol makes Usadium to be C. de Alguer Mercat makes Herculis Promontorium to be Cabo Cantin Sus Province lies about the River Sus and extends as far as Cape Non whose chief City is Taradunt where the English and French Merchants have a Staple for their Sugars the onely Mart-Town of all the Country Tifelfeldt is the Tamusida or Thamuside of Ant. teste Marmol Messa seated at the Flux of the River Sus is composed of three little Cities Tedsa accounted larger but not so rich as Taradant Teient on the Sus is composed of three Towns each distant a Mile from the other having their Temple in the midst The Fortress and City of Guarguessen belongs to the Portugals Aguar is a Promontory of great Importance near which is Sancta Crux built by the Portugals Masagan or Mazzagran Cartennae Cast. Mostagan Marm. Circelli Etrobio The Province of Guzula is not far from the Seat of the ancient Getuly it hath many Boroughs and Towns but no walled Cities or Fortresses said by Sansar to be rich in Mines of Gold Brass Iron c. The Province of Morocco the chief City bears the same Name the Bocanum Hemerum of Ptol. Hisp Marueccos Gal. Maroc teste Nig. Curione and was the chief of the whole Kingdom and once the Metropolis of all Barbary at which time it had 24 Gates in Circuit contained 12 Miles and about 10000 Families strongly girt about with Walls and adorned with many publick and private Buildings especially one Mosque accounted the greatest in the World seated in the midst of the City beautified with a stately high Steeple A Castle as big as a Town in the middle whereof is a Temple on the top of whose Tower are three Balls of Gold esteemed worth 200000 Ducats so fixed by Magick as that they cannot be taken away However now much of its Splendor is lost and a great part of the City is deserted and its Trade decayed Agmet once so adorned with pleasant Gardens fruitful Vineyards and fertile Fields that it was called the Little Morocco Elghiumha is but a small place Imegiagen is seated on an high Mountain as is also Temella Tenozze is a Town of some Note The Province of Hea is mountainous and woody inhabited by an idle and barbarous People its chief Cities are Tednest on the River Sauens the Inhabitants most Jews Hadequis
then two or three Alfaqui's or Priests examine the Candidate and being found deserving they grant him Testimonials of his willingness and abilities to be an Alfaqui and this is all the Education and Orders bestowed upon their Priests The Moors season of Prayers is five times in 24 hours The first is about Noon the second about Three of the Clock in the Afternoon the third at the going down of the Sun the fourth a little within Night the fifth a little before day in the Winter In their Addresses to these Holy Celebrations the Moors use great tokens of Reverence being very careful by washing c. in sitting themselves for the Giamma And here give me leave to hint what some of these Men which we count Barbarians have animadverted That the irreverent Carriage in Holy Places and sawcy Behaviour at our Sacred Solemnities by some of us Christians are great Reproaches to our Religion and often by them resented with Anger and Indignation Prayer they style The Key of Paradise and The Pillar of Religion and generally maintain so careful a performance of this publick Duty that no secular Business can detain them from nor any thing divert them at their Devotion As every Cavila have an Alcalib or High Priest chosen by the Alfaquis or Priest who is possessed of the Giamma Gheber or Great Church wherein every Friday which is their Sabbath he expounds some Text of the Alcoran so also every Cavila and Town have a particular Alcaddee from whom they cannot appeal to any other but Alcaddee Gheber or the chief of these Justiâers who is appointed to receive such Appeals and is in constant attendance upon the King or chief Governor The Alcaddees sit in the Gates of the Cavila or some publick place to hear and determine all Cases And the Alcoran being the immutable Rule both of Civil Justice and Religion therefore according to the Letter and Interpretation thereof the Alcaddee frames all his Definitions and Judgments Here 's no intreaguing the Plea with Resolutions Cases Presidents Reports Old Statutes but according to the fresh circumstances of the Fact and the proof of what is alledged Adultery is a Capital Crime in the Moresco Catalogue and the person Convicted thereof without any regard of his Eminence or Quality is certainly stoned to Death For the first Theft the Convict is publickly whipped in the Market For the second he loseth his Hand For the third he dies exquisitely tormented and then exposed to the Birds of Prey All Homicide or killing of a Man by a Man is Capital Usury is totally forbidden by their Law for Mahomet hath made it an irremissible Sin but he that borrows Mony of another wherewith to traffick and gain gives the Lender an equal share of the Profits and it is usual for the Lender to forbear the Borrower till he perceive him frâudulent careless or unfortunate Marriage is in so peculiar an Estimation that Mahomed made it the second of his eight Precepts and the Moors are so generally observant of this Commandment that few among them are found to live out of the state of Wedlock if they are able to purchase a Wife Polygamy Concubinage and Divorce are used by them for Mahomed that he might the better complease the loose Humors of his first Sectaries made his Religion to contain many carnal Indulgences denying nothing to Musselmen that had any sensible compliance with their brutal Affections Of ALGIER A New Map of the Kingdome of ALGIER by Rob. Morden THE Kingdom of Algier is Famous as well for its Riches and Forces as for its Piracies of Christians and its Barbarousness to its Captives It was known to the Ancients by the Name of Mauritania Caesariensis Geographers divide it into five Parts or Kingdoms Telensin Tenes Algier Bugia and Constantina Grammajus tells us That the Turks have established therein twenty Governments whereof ten are upon the Coast and ten within Land To these he also adds ten Divisions more but so intermixed and uncertain that I shall not mention them But I shall proceed to a Description of the five principal Parts aforesaid and first of the Province of Telensin by the Inhabitants called Tremecen from its chief City which is the Timici of Plin. and Ptol. Marmol distant about seven or eight Leagues from the Sea. In the decay of the Saracenical Empire it usurped the Majesty of a Kingly Title which tho' much disgraced by being made subject to Abulthasen King of Fez after a Siege of thirty Months yet at last it assumed its Liberty under divers Kings of its own one of which viz. Abdalla shaking off the Spanish Allegiance submitted himself and Kingdom to Solyman the Magnificent It was once a City one of the greatest and fairest of Barbary and very strong for it sustained a Seige of seven years against Joseph the puissant King of Fez and at last forced him to raise it Humain al. One is the Antient Artifiga Sans Cisira Sïga of Ptol. Castaldo in 1535. ruined by the Castilians The Country about it abounds with Figs Oranges Pomgranats and Cotton of which the Inhabitants make divers Manufactures Haresgol or Aresgol is the Siga of Strab. Plin. and Mela. teste Marmol by some Zerfen or Zersen A Roman Colony and Residence of Syphâx before he seized the Estate of Mâssiâissa It s situation is on a Rock surrounded with the Sea except on the South side once much greater than it is but the ill treatment it hath received from the Kings of Fez from the Califfs from the Moors from the Castilians and from the Arabs hath reduced it to that small Estate that it is now at under the Government of Algier Oran which the Africans call Tuharan rather Guharan the Nubian Geog. Vaharan is the Cuisa of the Antient Sans The Quiza and Zenitana of Plin. the Buiza of Ptol. taken by Cardinal Ximines in the year 1509. at which time the Spaniards lost but fifty Men killed four thousand Moors redelivered twenty thousand Christian Captives Marsa el Quibir Sans Marzachibar Merc. Mârza Quivir Baud. Portus Magnus of Plin and Mela taken by the Marquess of Comares anâ 1505. for the Spaniards It is one of the fairest greatest and securest Ports in all Africa Tefezara or Tefesre was the Astalicis or Astacilitis of Ptol. teste Marmol Hubbede or Hubet is the Mniara of Ptol. the Mina of Ant. Marmol Guagida the Lanigara of Ptol. Marmol is the capital City of the Province of Hanghad or Anghad possessed by the Arabs and noted for its Ostriches Beniarax or Beniarasid the Bunobora of Ptol. Sans is the Capital Town of the Province so called it contains twenty five thousand Inhabitants and pays twenty five thousand Ducates of Tribute Calat-Haoara or the Vrbara of old is strong Moascar the Victoria of Ptol. is the Residence of the Governour of the Algerins Batha is the Vaga of old much ruined but Villanov and Mol. tells us That Vaga is now Tegmedel Tenes is a Country both plain and mountanous
Spunges Ostrich-Feathers and chiefly Christian Slaves The Tarsis of the Antients teste Sanut memorable also in the holy Wars for the Sieges and Successes of two of our English Princes Edward the First and Henry the Fourth when but Earl of Darby As to the old Carthage let me only say that it was once one of the fairest Cities of the World when in its Splendor it was three hundred and sixty stadia in circuit like to that of Babylon Its Inhabitants so rich and powerful that they disputed with the Romans as was said for the Empire of the World but now lies buried in its Ruins Biserta is the antient Vrica of Caesar Cic. Plin. Ityca Polyb. and Ptol. Porto Farina and Incolis Garal-mesha Marmol and Faz Mazachares Nâg Bensert Arab. Biserta Ital. teste Baud. Here is a fair Burse or Exchange for Merchants two great Prisons for their Slaves and some Bastions to defend the Port which is good and large Memorable for the death of Cato consisting of a high and low Town the one on a Rock the other on the Sea. That of Sousa the Ruspina of Ptol. teste Sans but Mahadia is the Ruspina teste Mol. is a higher and lower City the first on a Rock and of difficult access the later on the Sea with a good Port. In the year 1619 the Duke of Savoy made an unsuccessful Enterprise upon them Within this Government is the City Hammametha Arab. the Adrumetum Plin. Hadrumitum Melae Adrumittes Ptol. which by Adianus is now called Toulba by Merc. Mahometta which communicates its Name to the neighbouring Gulph in the bottom whereon it is seated having strong Walls and a safe Harbor In the Government of Africa Merc. Mahadia Incolis teste Faz El-madia Sans the Aphrodisium Ptol. is a City of the same Name twenty Leagues from Mahometta It s Situation is in a Peninsula guarded with a double Wall and good Ditches Its Port capable to lodge fifty Gallies but its entrance so narrow that a Gally cannot pass without lifting up its Oars Sanson makes El-madia to be the antient Thapsus where Caesar defeated Scipio and Juba after which defeat Cato slew himself at Vtica by Sans now Benserta And Scipio being met by Caesar's Fleet passing his Sword through his Body flung himself into the Sea Juba retired to Zama where he had left his Children and Treasures but being refused entrance he and Pâtrejas retired into a House in the Field where they killed themselves Zamara is the Zama of Polyb. Strab. and Plin. teste Marmol Zamamizon Plin. where Hannibal was overcome by Scipio one hundred Miles from Mahametta and one hundred and twenty from Tunis Goletta is a Fortress between Tunis and the Sea under this Fort General âlake with the English Fleet fired the Pyrate Ships of Tunis in 1654. Cayroan was the Residence of a Caliph or one of Mahomets high Priests It is the antient Thesdrus where Massinissa beat Asdrubal while Scipio look'd on Begge Beja lies in a Soil so fertile in Corn that the Natives say That if there were but two Beja's there would be more Grains than Atomes of Sand upon the Sea-shore The River Guâdibalbar Mol. makes so many windings and turnings that you cross it twenty five times in the Road from Bona to Tunis Rubricatus Mela. and Ptol. Armua Plin. Ardalio Oros Ladog Cast Jadâg I. Leon. But Bagradas Ptol. Strab. Liv. Magrida Leon. Mâgrada Mar. Magiordeck P. Joviâ Macra Polyb. Bagrada Caes is made to be the River Guadibalbar in the Maps of Ortelius and Sans Between the Kingdom of Tunis and the Island of Malta lie some little Islands as Pantalarea belonging to the King of Spain wherein is a Gulph from whence the Vapors that thicken upon the Rock above destill as much Water as serves for the use of the Inhabitants the Cossyra Ptol. Cosura Mâla Flac. Cosyra Plin. Cosura Strab. distant from C. Bona olim Hermâae vel Mercurii promontorium forty five Miles and from Maltha olim Melita ninety Lampadosa and Limosa belong to the Knights of Maltha In Lampadosa stands a Chappel famous for the Offerings of both Turks and Christians And it has been observed that never any Sacrilegious Person went unpunish'd that robb'd it The first Lopadusa of Strab. and Ptol. The other Aethusa and Aegusa teste Ort. Checara I. Italis Circare Gallis Querquene Merc. Charchana Faz is the Circina and Circinna of old The Kingdom of Tripoli is a barren Country considerable only for the Trade of Tripoli in Barbary so call'd to distinguish it from Tripoli in Syria and Natolia Capes and Caps Nig. Castal c. is the Tacape of Plin. Cape Ptol. Capa Procop. Thacapae or Tacapae Ant. Upon the Coast of this Kingdom lie the two Syrtes the little one is called The Gulph of Capes by Ortel Golfo di Caps by Faz Golfo di Beito In circuit 190 Miles the great one The Gulph of Sydra Golfo di Solocho and Golfo di Palo in the Charts Gallis Les Seiches de Barbarie Baxos de Barbaria Hisp Golfo de Sidra Italis In circuit about four hundred Miles teste Baud. 625. Plin. infamous for the shipwrack of Vessels inhospita Syrtis Virg. 4. Aeneidos The Island of Gerbas where the Spaniards were defeated in the year 1560. by the Infidels And here it was also that Dragut the Pyrate escaped the famous Doria it was the Lotophagites of Strab. and Ptol. Meninx Plin. Mirmex Polyb. Girba Ant. Gerbi Faz Old Tripoli formerly Sabrata Sans is now decayed The Sabathra Ptol. Sabatra Plin. Raksanabes Villan Saxambis Mol. But New Tripoli of Old Ocea is much enriched by Pyracy Along this Coast are some Isles where grows the fruit Lotes very sweet and pleasant and on the South of Tripoli is the fairest and best Saffron Lepeda and Lebeda Baud. the Leptis of the Antients well known to the Romans and to the Arab. of Nubia Zoara of old Pisida noted for its scarcity of Water Of the Kingdom of Barca Cyreniaca Lybia Marmarica are now comprehended under the name of Barca which begins on the part where formerly stood the Altars of the Phylenians which were also the bounds between the Territories of Carthage and Cyrene and after that to the Empires of East and West It is a Country for the most part dry and barren covered over in most places with a thick light Sand continually moved about with the winds turning Hills into Vallies and Vallies into Hills As infamous for the birth of Arius who denied the Divinity of Christ so as famous for one of the Sybils hence named Lybica These Sybils were in number ten viz. Persica Lybica Delphica Cumaea Samia Hellespontica Tiburtina Albunea Scythoea and Cumana which last is said to have written the nine Books of Sybils presented to Tarquinius uperbus which contained Prophesies of the Name Birth and Death of Christ The chief places of most esteem in former times were 1. Barca of old called Ptolomais of such account that it gave name to the whole Country
discover the admirable Secrets of this Science and to unfold the Aenigmas under which it lies hid Egypt is generally divided into four parts Thebais now Sahid or upper Egypt Bechria or Demesor otherwise middle Egypt Errif or the lower Egppt and the Coast of the Red-Sea Some make only two Divisions the Upper and the Lower following the course of Nile But at present Egypt is also divided into Twelve Caciefs Sangiacutes or Governments Jaques Albert reckons thirteen Kossuffs or Provincial Jurisdictions viz. Girgio or Sahid Manselout Benesuef Fiam Gize Bouhera or Baera Garbia Menousia Mansoura Kallioubich Minio Cherkeffi and Kattia But the Divan or Council of Gran Cairo will not allow Kattia to be numbred with the rest F. Vansleb tells us There are thirty six Caciefs or petty Governors Strabo of old divided it into thirty seven Parts by the Greeks called Monoi Ptolomy enlarged it to forty and Herodotus reduced it to twenty eight But thirty seven seems most agreeing to the mysterious Temple or Labyrinth on the South side of the City of Alexandria near the Lake Mereotis and adjoyning to the Sepurchers of King Meris and his Wife in the midst whereof were thirty seven Palaces belonging to the thirty seven Jurisdictions of Egypt whereof ten in Thebaes ten in Delta and seventeen in the middle Region unto which resorted the several Presidents who had there their particular Temples to celebrate the Festivals of their Gods. There were also fifteen Chapels containing each a Nemesis to advise of Matters of Importance concerning the General Welfare Among the Cities Caire is call'd the Great in respect of the advantages which it has above all the Cities of Africa It is three Leagues Lower and upon the opposite side to that place where stood the antient Memphis The Castle which is built upon the rising ground has the noblest prospect and enjoys the best Air in the World. It is one of the largest and most Magnificent and counted the strongest that ever was contrived But the last relation of 1627 says it hath lost much of its antient Splendor and it is not now of any strength It is not of Marble as some relate but beautifi'd with several pieces of Mosaic work In the Castle Gun-powder is made in two Rooms in each of which are twelve Pewter Morters with Iron Pestles to pound the Ingredients which receive their motion from a long Pole that answers to a Bâam that stands in the middle of a Chamber which a Horse turns round The Water of Nile is convey'd thither by an Aqueduct of a hundred and fifty Arches The Inhabitants of Caire must needs be very numerous it being averr'd that in the year 1618 there dy d above six hundred thousand People of the Pestilence and yet there was no miss of the Inhabitants And our Author tells us That the Archbishop of Mount Sinai told him That the Plague of 1671 or 1672 had swept away 680000 poor Persons but of the richer sort scarce four hundred were dead In short they say it contains two hundred thousand Houses eighteen thousand considerable Streets and is in Compass about twenty five or thirty Leagues But then you must take in the Old as well the New Caire Festat Babylon Charaffat and the Boulac that joyns to it For the New Caire it self is not so big as Paris The People ride in the Streets upon Asses as we make use of Sedans not but there are Horses in Egypt but the Turks have introduc'd this Custom to preserve the Horses for themselves The Inhabitants of Caire make those fair Carpets which we call Turkie Carpets Five Miles South East of the Pyramids and two from the Nilus West stood the Regal City of Memphis the Strength and Glory of old Egypt where was the Temple of Apis and the sumptuous Temple of Vulcan Here stood the Fane of Venus and that of Serapis A City once adorned with a World of Antiquities but now the Ruins are almost ruinated Besides the Pyramids and the Mummies which are about six Leagues from Caire all Travellers are curious to see Josephs Well and his Granaries About two Leagues also from Caire is to be seen the Matarea Ma-Tarca or retiring place of the Virgin with a Fountain which together with that at Caire is the only Spring Water of Egypt But the Plant or Balm trees which bears the true Balsom and which was brought from the Holy Land by the care of Cleopatra and the permission of Antony is quite lost As also the Sycamore Tree which split in two to hide our Lord Jesus Christ and his most Holy Mother when the Soldiers of Herod persued them Sahid formerly Thebes Diospolis Heliopolis D. Siculo Solis Oppidum Plin. which had a hundred Gates was the Residence of the Egyptian Kings who afterwards remov'd to Alexandria thence to Memphis and lastly to Caire The Modern Relations call this City Gergio and make it the Residence of a Basha affirming that only the Province bears the Name of Sahid called Hecatompylos and in the Coptâes Dictionaries Antinoe and Thebes now Insine teste Vansleb Its Mountains and Islands are as great Curiosities as any in Egypt As also the Pillar of Marcus Aurelius and the Arch of Triumph and the Hieroglyphick Cave where the Colours of the Figures are very beautiful and lively during so many Ages passed Now Minio teste Sanson Alexandria Scanderic Turcis Arahibus Hebraeis No built by Alexander the Great was formerly one of the best Cities in all Africa next to Carthage where the Ptolomies and Cleopatra kept their Courts It was adorned with many stately Edifices the most famous whereof were the Serapian which for the curious Workmanship and stateliness of Building was not inferior to the Roman Capitol The Library of Ptolomy Philadelphus founded the year after the Creation of the World 3704 or by others 3â80 is said to contain 400000 or as others write 700000 Volumes The Obelisks full of Egyptian Hieroglyphicks of a vast bigness and of an intire Stone When this City was subject to the Romans it contributed to them more in one Month than Jerusalem in a whole year Formerly the Tower of Pharos stood not far from it one of the seven Wonders of the World. The Pillar of Pompey leans on one side occasioned by the Arabians digging and under-mining of it in searching for a great Treasury hid under it as they believe The City enjoys a small Trade to this day by reason of its two Ports or Havens and is the Seat of a Patriarch St. Mark and St. Catherine have render'd it famous in Ecclesiastical History and in the Deserts of St. Macarius where were reckon'd to be above three hundred Monasteries which lie to the West of it But now of all those Monasteries there are but two remarkable that of the Syrians and Amba Biscioâ Damietta by the Arabians Damiat Tamiatis or Tamiathis teste Guilandino about eight Miles from the mouth of Nilus Next to Cairo it is the greatest most beautiful
the richest the most populous and fullest of Merchants of all Egypt It is built upon the River Nilus in form of an half Moon But it hath no Walls nor Fortifications only a round high Tower where there is neither Watch nor Ward nor Guns yet memorable for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies and the taking of it Anno 12 8 and ââ 9. The Trade of this City is in Linen and Stuffs of all kinds and Colours Coffee and Rice of which last there is every year above five hundred Ships great and small loaded out for Turkie The pickled Mullets here are highly esteemed all over the Levant The Town is governed by an Aga sent thither by the Pacha of Cairo Mansoura is situate upon the East side of the Nilus Here St. Lewis the French King was taken Prisoner by Sultan Saleh in the History of the Holy War translated out of the French 't is called Kaseâ It s antient Name I find not by its situation it should be near unto the Tanis of Strabo and Ptol. the Taphnis Ezekieli Pelusium called Belbais by W. of Tyre now Calixene teste Bonacciola was the Birth-place of Ptolomy the Geographer and the Episcopal Seat of Isidore Rosetta Italis Raschit Turcis the Metelis of Ptol. and Mela teste Ben. Tudelensi Bolbitina teste Villano Mol. aliis Canopus But by Ziegler Bocher or Bichieri vulgo C. d. Be ur is the Canopus from Canobus Menelaus Pilot here buried and where stood the Temple of Serapis According to F. Vanslebius Fuva or Fuoa seated upon the East side of Nilus seven hours from Rosetta was by the Greeks called Metelis and in the Copties Dictionary Messil which he saith is very antient a great and considerable Town in a delightful Territory of pleasant Fields and Gardens and that Geziret or the Island of Gold is over against this City At Rosetta the Nilus hath two Branches or Mouths which run into the Sea which are guarded with two Castles that which is about a Mile and a half from Rosetta is a square encompassed with strong Walls built according to the old way having four Towers furnished with seventy four Pieces of Cannon whereof seven are of an extraordinary bigness The other Castle is but a Mosque before it stand seven Pieces of Artilery on the Ground The Waters of Maadie is a Gulph or Pool whose Waters are very salt and comes not from Nilus Benesuaif is the Hermopolis of Strab. and Plin. teste J. Leone the Hermetis and Hermopolis Ptol. Here Pan and Hircus were worshipped teste Zozomeno in Historia Eccclesiastica 'T is now called Ischemunein teste Vansleb Seminaut the antient Sebennis or Sebenit teste Vansleb Sturione Negro is a great Town seated on the West side of Nilus where the Barks that sail for Cairo pay Custom The Custom-house is built upon a Ship in the River Mitgamr is a very beautiful and large Town in the middle way between Damiata and Cairo on the East side of Nilus and over against it is Sitfe a fair and large Town Chana is the Ombri or Ombros Invenal teste Ortel rather Coptes teste Ramusio forty four Miles from Thebae and three hundred from Alexandria Alguechet is the Oasis Magna of Herod Ptol. c. Anasis Strab. Avasis aliis now Gudemez Zieglero El-Eocath or Eleochet is the Oasis parva Azagar Barria Abutich or Albutig is the antient Abydus test Cast Mol. Sues or Suez the Residium of Strabo the Arsinoe and Cleopatris Ptol. teste Zieglero which contains not above two hundred Houses with a bad Port is nevertheless the Turks Arsenal upon the Red-Sea The Haven is small and shallow for neither Gallies nor Ships can enter into it till they are half unladen which is the reason that most of the Vessels lie in the Rode where they are more secure than in the Port. The Governor keeps two small Gallies and some other Vessel to maintain his Authority in the Red-Sea The Commodities of the East Indies were heretofore brought thither and then convey'd into Europe but now the Turks enjoy no more that Commerce by reason of the settlement of the Christians in the Indies The Ships set out from Sues in the Spring and Summer when the North Wind blows the South Winds being most constant in Winter and Autumn Cossir formerly Berenice was the Port whither the Romans ordered all goods to be brought that came from the East Indies which from thence were carry'd the nearest way by the Nile to the City of Coptos now call'd Cana. Buga in the most Southern part of Egypt is a Kingdom according to the Relations of 657 tributary to the Abyssins The antient Town of Arsinoe situated near Fium is totally ruined nothing now remaining but a great many Mountains made of the Ruins and Rubbish of the Town once one of the most great and glorious Cities of Egypt The Monastery of St. Anthony hath no Gate but Men and Beasts are all drawn up over the Wall by a Pulley it hath about two thousand four hundred Acres within the Wall. Siut called in Greek Lycopolis teste Vanst but Baud. tells us Licopolis is now Munia teste Mol. is one of the most famous Towns of the Upper Egypt seated at the foot of a barren Mountain that stands on the West side about half a League from Nilus The Town is great and populous full of Christian Copties where is a Cave cut in the Rock large enough to draw up in Battalia one thousand Horse Tahta is seated near the Ruins of the antient Town Abutig called by the Copties ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã upon the Banks of Nilus about two days journey from Siut towards the South The Monastery of St. Sennodius the Archimandrite sirnamed the White is built near the Ruins of the Antient Town Adribe where are the Remains of one of the most Magnificent Structures that hath been in Egypt Minie is an antient great and fair Town on the West side of Nilus where are made the Bardaques or Water-pots which are so highly esteemed at Caâro Isne Vansl Asna J. Leont the Syene Plin. Ptol. Diod. four hundred and fifty Miles from Alexandria Isvan Asnan or Asuam is the Metacompsa of Ptol. Tacompson Plin. Tachemimpto Mela teste Zieglero Tuot is Eleven Leagues North of Isna on the East of Nilus where is a Temple of the antient Egyptians Arment is twelve Leagues from Tuot now ruined and forsaken where the Egygtians believe Moses was born At Luxor two Leagues from Tuot are to be seen the Remains of an antient and beautiful Temple in which are seventy eight Pillars of a prodigious bigness and at the old Luxor is an antient Palace whose Ruins shew that it hath been very glorious Bethsames was one of the chief Cities of Ramasis or Goshen Abydus now Abutich once the Royal Seat of Memnon renowned for the Temple of Osiris and the Statue of Memnon The chief Lakes in Egypt were Mareotis now Lago de
Antacon Sebaka Vansleb the other Meeris now called Buchiarea or Kern Vansleb BILEDVLGERID ZAARA c. Biledulgerid Sarra Terra Nigritarum Guine Nova Descriptio Robt. Morden BIledulgerid improperly is the Numidia of the Antients where inhabited the Getuli it signifies a Country plentiful in Dates Which is a Fruit which much enriches the Inhabitants This part of Africa extends from East to West almost as far as Barbary It s principal Parts are Sus or Tesset Darha Segelomessa Tegorarin Zeb and Mezzab Techort and Guergula Biledulgerid and the Desert of Barca Sus by Sanutus is called Tesset to distinguish it from that in the Kingdom of Morocco It is said to have many Towns Castles and Villages Its Inhabitants are Beriberes Africaââ or Arabs Tesset is a Town of about four hundred âââses Darba its chief Town ãâ¦ã same name seated upon a River a so so called Segelomessaââ one of the greatest and best Provinces of Biledulgerid whose chief City bears the same name containing several small Estates Tegorârin hath more than fifty walled Towns and one hundred and fifty Villages Zeb and Mezab are much troubled with Scorpions whose bitings is mortal The Estates of Techort and Guergula have each their Prince yet pay Tribute to Algier Biledulgerid or Beled-Elgered contains the Estates of Gademes Fezzen and Teorregu the chief City is Caphsa the Capha said to be built by the Lybian Hercules There are in Biledulgerid some few Mahometan Kings whose power is very inconsiderable The Arabians under their Cheicks or Cheifs are very strong in Horse and would be able to attempt great things were they not so much at War among themselves Sometimes they assist the Turks sometimes the King of Morocco and Fez. The change of Governments and diversity of Languages has made a great alteration in the Names of the Cities The Arabians are great Hunters of Ostridges as getting great profit by it For they sell the Feathers eat the Flesh make Bags of their Skins to put their baggage in they divine by the Heart they make their Medicaments of the Fat and Pendants for their Ears of the Claws and Beaks Mount Alas extends some of its Limbs into Biledulgerid And the Cape of Non was for a good while the furthest shore of the Portugal Navigation Zahara or Zaara signifies a Desert And is part of that which the Antients called Lybia interior where lived the Antient Getuli and Garamantes The Getuli were a people of the Interior Lybia Vagrants having no certain fixed Habitation teste Silio Melas By Pliny they are placed in Mauritania Caesariensis next to the Massaesylis By Ptolomy in Lybia interior near to Dara By Honorius between Carthage and Numiâia There is nothing to be seen but Sand Mountains and Scorpions for which reason the Inhabitants wear Boots to preserve themselves from being bitten by those Animals Nevertheless the Air is wholesome and the Sick are brought thither out of other Countries to recover their Health The Arabians make three Divisions of it Cebel where the Sand is small without any greenness Zaara where it is all Gravel and somewhat green And Asgar full of Lakes Grass and Shrubs Travellers must provide themselves of all necessaries For the Houses and Wells are so far distant one from another that a Man may Travel a hundred Leagues together and not meet either with Lodging or Water In one of these Deserts a Merchant suffer'd so severe a Drowth that he gave ten thousand Duckets for a glass of Water and yet he dy'd as well as the Carrier that had receiv'd the Money Men are forc'd sometimes to bury themselves in the Sands to avoid the Lions and other Wild Beasts that make a most dreadful roaring in the Night The Natives are for the most part Shepherds and the best Huntsmen in the World but very miserable Some of them are Mahumetans but the most part Libertines Several petty Lords receive the Tribute of the Caravans that pass through the Country Their other Revenue consists in Cattel and when they value the Wealth of a Man they ask how many Camels he hath There are reckon'd to be five principal Deserts Zanhaga Zuenzâga wherein there are Salt Pits Targa Lempta and Berdoa to which some add Borno and Gaoga The Ghir which is their biggest River makes some very considerable Lakes and is lost in the Sands in several places as it runs the Rio Ouro was so call'd by the Portugals by reason of Gold which they found in it at their first coming This River runs under the Tropic through Desert Countries with ten or twelve Arms toward the end of its course The Coast to Cape Bejador is nothing but white and grey Sand-hâlls overgrown with wild Bulrushes Nigritia or the Land of the Blacks seems to be so call'd from the Antient Nigrites so term'd also from the blackness of their Complexion Or else from the Colour of the Earth which in some parts is all scorch'd and burnt up by the excessive heat The Niger somewhat qualifies the heat of the Country but the Rains occasion several Diseases Cape Blanco or Caput Album is a long extent of Sand as hard as a Rock about ten or twelve Cubits high with a spacious Port where Ships ride safe what ever Wind for the most part blows Arguin a Castle in a small Island belongs to the Hollanders Barks may go up the River of Saint John and there Trade with the Negros for Ostridge Feathers Gums Amber and some small parcels of Gold. Senega one of the principal Arms of Niger is not above a League over at the Mouth The Coast to the North of Senega is very low not to be seen hardly twelve Leagues off the Road of Cape Verd. the Asinerium promontorium teste Barrio Mancandan and Besenege Thev Ryssadium promânt teste Nigro is about twelve Fathom deep with a grey Sand at the bottom The Flemish Island or Goree is fortified with a Platform flank d with four Baslious with a strong brick Tower. The entry into it is upon the West part of the Island where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may Ride The Road is good but there is little fresh Water Rafrisque is a very convenient retiring place Gambia is about five Leagues over at the Mouth but is not Navigable for Barks above sixty Leagues by reason of the Sands and Rocks in it Some say that the Portugals go up the Niger as far as the Kingdom of Benin which is above eight hundred Leagues That the Danes possess Cantozi toward that part where Niger divides it self That Niger makes several Lakes upon which are built many fine Cities from whence there go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barbary The Negros are very simple Idolaters toward the Sea and Mahumetans in the Inland Country They have some very considerable Kingdoms but the greatest part of their Cities are not so good as our Villages the Houses being built of Wood Chalk and Straw and many times one of these Cities make a Kingdom
The last Kings of Tombote were reported to have great store of Gold in Bars and Ingots The Kingdom of Guâlâta affords Millet Genehâa is rich in Cotton In that of Agades stands a City indifferently well built Borno formerly the Country oâ the Garamanâes is inhabited by a People that have all things in common every particular person acknowledging them for his Children which are most like 'em the most flat nos'd being acconuted the most beautiful They of Senega trade in Slaves Gold-dust Hides Gums and Civets The Negro's there are very strong and therefore bear a better price those of Guiny are good but not so strong for which reason they are usua ly put to work within doors 'T is the Proverb That he that would have good service from a Negro must give him little Meat keep him to hard Labor and beat him often To the South of Niger lie several little Kingdoms that of Melli with a City containing six thousand Houses Gago abounding in Gold. Zâârâg considerable for its ârade Zânfara fertile in Corn. To reckon any more of their Towns would be as tedious as unnecessary as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade And indeed all these Kingdoms and People are so little known that 't is not worth the time and pains to speak more of them I shall only say That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana or Cano of its Greatness Riches and Trade of its King Government Palace c. But how far to be credited must be left to those who have been in those parts the Portugals and Hollanders having been the chief Traders on these Coasts Of GVINY Giny is a long Coast of Land contained between the Cape of Sirra Leone on the West and the River Camerones on the East containing about seven or eight hundred Leagues in length and not above one hundred or one hundred and fifty in breadth It is divided into three principal Parts called Maleguete Guiny and Benin Under the Name of Malaguete is contained all that Land between the Capes of Sirra Leona and Palmâs and is so called from the abundance of Mâleguete a sort of Spice like Pepper but much stronger than that of India and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as strong as the best of ours Guiny extends from Cape Palmas to the River Voltas it is the largest and best known of all the three Parts its Coast from Cape Palmas to Cape three Punctas is called the Ivory Coast that which is beyond it is called the Cold Coast where are the Kingdoms of Sabou Foetu Accara and others The Kingdom of Benin which is the third Part hath more than two hundred and fifty Leagues in length Cape Formosa dividing it into two parts its principal City so called is esteemed the greatest and best built of any in Guiny the King thereof is said to keep five or six hundred Wives The whole Coast of Guiny is subject to such excessive heats that were it not for the Rains and the coolness of the Nights it would be altogether unhabitable It furnishes other Countries with Parrats Apes White Salt Elephants Teeth Hides Cotton Wax Ambergreefe Gold and Slaves The Natives are reputed to be presumptuous Thieves Idolaters and ver superstitious keeping their Festisoes day or Sabbath on the Thursday there is Saint George of the Mine built by the Portugals but now in the possession of the Hollander as also the Ports Nassau Cormentin and Axima To the English among others belongs Cape Corse and to the Danes Frederic's burgh The best City that belongs to the Negro's is Ardra toward the Coast in Benin ãâ¦ã Govern'd by a King who sent an Embassador to Paris toward the end of the year 1670 for the settlement of a Trade The Baboons in Guiny do the Natives very great pieces of service For they fetch Water turn the Spit and wait at Table c. Nubia is three hundred Leagues in length and two hundred in breadth It preserves some remains of Christianism in the old Churches and in their Ceremonies of Baptism The Nubians are under a King who always keeps a Body of Horse upon the Frontiers of his Kingdom as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours the Abâssius and Turkish Historians credibly relates that an Army of one hundred thousand Horse was rais'd and lead against one of the Governors of Egypt by a King of Nubia Out of this Country the Merchants export Gold Civet Sandal-wood Ivory Arms and Cloath The Nubians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Caire and other Cities of that Country They have a subtile and penetrating Poyson an ounce whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats Insomuch that one of the principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties which he receives for the Exportation of this Poyson They sell it to strangers upon condition they shall not make use of it within the Kingdom There grow Sugar-Canes in the Country but the Natives know not what to do with them There are among them a sort of Bereberes of the Musselman Religion who travel in Troops to Cairo where they put themselves into service and return again as soon as they have got ten or twelve Piasters together The Capital Cities are Nubia and Dancala near to Nile The rest so little known that it suffices to see their names in the Maps A Relation made in the year 16 7 tell us That the King of Dancala pays a Tribute in Linen Cloath to the King of the Abyssius Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country as being the place that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer Of ETHIOPIA Or HABESSINIA HABESSINIA Seu ABASSIA at ETHIOPIA By R. Morden So little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Ethiopia that having met with the Ethiopick History of Job Ludolfus which is the most exact Account extant I have been the larger in taking an Abstract of it 'T is seated as this Author tells us in Africa above Egypt beyond Nubia between the eighth and sixteenth Degree of North Latitude contrary to all our Maps extant which extends it self to the fourteenth or fifteenth Degree South Latitude So that the length of it from North to South is not more than four hundred and eighty Miles of sixty to a Degree but according to the old Maps it was more than one thousand eight hundred of the same Miles and the length of it is about six hundred Miles from the Red-Sea at the Port of Bailleur to the River Nilus at the farthest limits of Dembea Towards the North it joyns to the Kingdom of Fund or Sennar by the Portugals Fungi a part of the antient Nubia towards the Fast it was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea But now the Turks are Masters of Arkiko the Island Matzua and all that Coast only the Prince of Dancale who commands the Port of Baylur is a Friend to the Abessines But the King of Adel a Mahumetan upon the straits of Bab-elman dab the Dreadful Mouth
Ethiopia the King reserves for himself The King and chief Nobility think it an office beneath them to lift their Hands to their Mouths to feed themselves and keep Boys to cut their Meat and put it into their Mouths which they do in great gobbets as those that cram Poultry Axuma or Ascum erroneously Chaxumo was formerly the Metropolis of Habessinia from whence they were called Axumites And then adorned with beautiful Structures a fair Palace and a Cathedral proudly vaunting her Obelisks Sculptures and sumptuous Edifices but now demolished by the Wars or defaced with Age and the City now totally ruined seated it was in the 14d 30 m North Latitude and distant from the North Sea forty five Portugal Leagues or six or seven tiresome days Journeys by reason of the Mountains Besides Axuma there are no Cities in Habessinia and but few Towns Dobarowa in Tygra is the Seat of the Vice-Roys Fremona was the first Residence of the Fathers enlarged by the Portugals Gubay a Town in Dembea where the Queen resides Nanina in Gojam was long inhabited by the Portugals The Celebrated Mountains of Amhara are their only Citidels where the Kings Children were formerly committed to custody The Kings he says always live in Tents and seldom long in a place In the year 607 the Camp pitched in Coga In 1612 it was at Duncaza and after at Guendra which Bernier called the Metropolis of Ethiopia Their Tent is of a white colour and very large standing in the midst of the Camp a large space being left round it for the conveniency of Persons to approach it Next this two Temples are plac'd and Tents for the Queen and her Attendents Next these the Nobles the Kings Friends Servants and other Courtiers pitch their Tents then all the common Soldiery with the necessary Attendents of the Camp and those that come to Negotiate When they remove as they often do and come to set down anew in a few hours space all things are seen plac'd in the same order they were before for every man knows his place and the measure of his ground the order of the Camp being always the same But Peter Pays built the King a Palace after the European manner in Gorgora by the Tzaneo Lake not much inferiour to the Country Palaces of our European Princes Murtherers are given to the nearest Relations of the Person murthered it being in their power to pardon them or take a sum of Money or to sell them as Slaves or put them to what death they please If the Murtherer be not found the Inhabitants of the Place and all the Neighbourhood are fin'd In the third Book which treats of the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Habessines our Author tells us That some hold they have had the knowledge of God ever since the time of Solomon That they use Circumcision though not on any Religious Account in Obedience to the Law of Moses but only as a Custom of their Country being done by a Woman privately the Jews slit the Skin with their Nails till the Preputium falls down and leaves the Nut bare The Habessines only round the Skin with a Knife That they do not Circumcise Women as some idly affirm though it 's a Custom not only with the Habessines but likewise with other People of Africa as the Egyptians and Arabians to cut off from Girls something which they think to be an undecency and superfluity of Nature That they abstain from Swines Flesh Blood and suffocated things not as commanded by Moses but by Apostolick Constitution this having been always observed in the Oriental Church and in the Western Church for many Ages and having been ratified by some Councils And they condemn us for leaving the practice Nor do they allow the Jews Sabboth out of respect to Judaism but because it was the antient Custom of the Primitive Church for which they have some written Antient Constitutions Yet they prefer the Lords Day before the Jewish Sabbath for upon that Day say they our Lord Jesus Christ rose And upon that Day the holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles in the Oratory of Sion And upon that Day Christ shall come again to reward the Just and punish the Evil. He says If an Habessine marries his Brothers Wife or commits Polygamy the Civil Magistrate takes no notice of it For they are of opinion that whatsoever does not offend the Commonwealth nor the security of Private Persons ought not to be chastised with Secular Punishments Nevertheless the Church is severe in the case and will not permit Persons so married to receive the Sacrament He also tells us That Habessinia is full of Monks that their Institutions and Habits are different from the Greek and Latin. He speaks of the portentous Miracles of their Saints their Austerities and Spontaneous Torments It 's a common fame in Europe that the Conversion of the Habessines to the Christian Faith was effected by the Eunuch of Queen Candaces But our Author says this is certain that in the time of St. Athanasius Patriarch of Alexandria in the Reign of Constantine the Great about the year of Christ 330 or not long after it the Conversion of Ethiopia hapned after this manner Meropius a Tyrian Merchant going into India came to the Coast of Ethiopia in the Red-Sea dying there he left two Sons Frumentius and Aedesius who being taken and carried to the King were kindly received by him and he finding them ingenious employ'd them in keeping his Books of Account During the time of their Employ they did all good Offices to Christian Merchants that came to those Parts and shewed so fair a specimen of their Virtue and Integrity that they wrought in the Habessines a great esteem for the Christian Religion Which ground being laid Frumentius went to St. Athanasius who considering the excellency of his parts and the constancy of his Faith created him the first Bishop of Ethiopia and returning thither he baptized the Inhabitants created Deacons built Churches and so first planted the Christian Religion The Habâssines received the Scripture with Christian Religion and it is translated into the Ethiopick Language from the version of the Septuagint and that according to a Copy used in the Church of Alexandria They have the New Testament translated from the authentick Greek Text. They enjoy the holy Scriptures intire and reckon as many Pooks as we do tho' they divide them after another manner They acknowledge the holy Scripture to be the sole and only Rule of what they are to believe and do They use the Nicene Creed they admit of the antient Greek Councils they acknowledge the Trinity and the sufficient Merits of Christ one Person in Christ his Divinity and Humanity they use Baptism and the holy Communion they Administer it to the Laiety and Clergy as it is the Custom of all the Eastern Churches and acknowledge the Real Presence but not Transubstantiation pray for the Dead deny a Purgatory He gives an Account of their Errors as
under no Law nor Religion as their name imports Herbert tells us That during the time he staid amongst them he saw no signs of any knowledge of God no spark of Devotion no symptom of Heaven or Hell no place set apart for Worship no Sabboth for Rest Many of them will steal with their Feet while they stare ye in the Face They sell their Cattel to the Seamen that come into those parts But they are forc'd to tie the Oxen to Trees and to put the Sheep in Pens before they pay them for else upon a peculiar whistle the Cattle will run after them and leave the Purchaser in the lurch In Complexion they are like our Chimney Sweepers Besides they have great Heads flat Noses whither it be that they are press'd in their Infancy or because that their Mothers carry them at their backs against which they may be subject to knock them Their Hair is frizl'd their Lips extraordinary big their Back Bone very sharp their Hips large so that there can be nothing seen more ugly The Cape of good Hope which lies in the most Southern part of this Country is the most famous the longest and the most dangerous Cape in the World. It was so call d because that being once past that the Seamen had some hopes to arrive quickly at the East Indies Formerly it was call'd the Cape of Whirle-winds or Tempests which much annoy'd those Seas Some call it the Lyon of the Sea others the Head of Africa There are certain signs to know when you are near it For within fifty or sixty Leagues the Sea is full of the bodies of thick Reeds that float upon the Water and the white Birds with black Spots make their appearance The Mouth of the Bay to the East of the Cape is five Leagues broad encompassed with sharp Rocks The Air is temperate and the neighbouring Valleys are full of Herbs and Flowers Their Rivers abound in Fish their Woods in Venison and Bees The Natives that cloath themselves with the Skins of these Beasts are very swift but brutes in their eating and when they speak they gobble like Turkie Cocks The Hollanders have built a Fort there a League from which they have a fair and handsome Town all sorts of Grain there out of Asia or Europe thrive better than in other parts The Cafres are black because they rub themselves with a Grease or Ointment composed of several sorts of Drugs to preserve themselves from being Hydropical they have great knowledge of Simples and have cured several of the Dutch of Ulcers and old Wounds which were past the skill of their own Chyrurgeons Monomotopa is almost environ'd by Cafreria It bears the name of the King. It is very fertile abounding in Ivory and so rich in Gold that the King is call'd the Golden Emperor The Inhabitants who are very superstitious have no other Arms than Pikes Bows and Arrows But they are so swift that they will run as fast as a Horse The common People wear nothing above their Wastes and for the Maids they go stark naked so that a Man may choose his Wife according to the Custom of the Vtopian Common-wealth A Relation made in the year 1651 Reports that the King of Monomotopa was baptiz'd with all his Court by the Jesuits The King himself is generally trick'd with Bracelets and Pretious Stones like a Bridegroom nor will he ever wear any Foreign Stuffs for fear they should be poison'd Unless it be the T'wist the Coller and his Buskins of which he has liberty to change the Fashion he is obliged in other things to follow the Fashion of his Predecessors by the Laws of his Kingdom 'T is reported that for his usual Guard he has a Regiment of Women and another of Dogs and that those Women in War do as much service as Men. He gratifies the Princes which are his Tributaries with a present of Fire every year as a mark of his acknowledgment Mono Emugi is a potent Kingdom to the North of Monomotopa The Giaques otherwise call'd Galles and Chava's are neighbours to one another and are famous for their Valor and for the Victories they have got over the Abassins in the Upper Ethiopia The COAST OF Zanguebar and Aien by Robt. Morden ZANGVEBAR call'd by the Antients Barbary is a large Coast in the Eastern part of Africa which extends it self all along the Indian Sea on this side and beyond the Equator The Natives are Idolaters under divers Sovereigns They give their minds to Trade as well as the Arabians and Mahumetans that are among them The Southern part chiefly bears the name of Zanguebar which contains the small Kingdoms of Mozambique Quilâa Mombaza and Melinda The Northern part is call'd Ayen and sometimes New Arabia It comprehends the Dominions of Brava Magadoxo Adea and Adel. In Mozambique lies the best place that the Portugals have in all those quarters For they possess a very strong Castle in the Island of that Name about half a League long where their Ships stay for seasonable weather to carry them to the East Indies The Port is upon the Northside of the City and you must leave two Islands upon the left hand as you enter into it It would be better inhabited but the Air is very unwholesome Quiloa lies in the same Peninsula The King thereof was the first in Zanguebar that became Tributary to the Portugals In Quiloa are a most excellent sort of Hens though their Flesh their Feathers and their very Bones be black Mombaze lies in an Island and upon a Rock under 3d 50 m. South was subdued to the Crown of Portugal by Almeyda in the year 1505. Sometimes the Portugals Winter there for Provisions are very plentiful and cheap The entrance into the Port is so narrow and so rocky that in some places there is not room for above one Ship to enter The Estates of Lamon and Pate are under the Government of Melinda The Coast of Ajan contains the Republick of Brava is a small Common-wealth with a City built according to the Fashion of the Moors It has usually paid a small Tribute to the Portugals Magadoxo is under a King of their own and the Natives are Mahumetans To Adea belongs a very good Port call'd Barraboa Adel whose chief City is Arat obeys a King who is an enemy to the Abissines Barbora and Zeila are places of great Trade by reason of the conveniency of their Ports towards the entry into the Red Sea. Zeila was the Aralites of Plin. Ptol. and Steph. the Emporium of the Trogloditicae teste Mol. Zocotora Isle well known to former Ages to some by the name of Dioscorida thought to be the Topazo of Pliny by the Turks Catuchomer by the Persians Cabar by the Spaniards Acebar Ramusio Curia Muria aliis Alba Curia incolis Abbadal Curia is situated at the Mouth of the Red-Sea sixty Miles long and twenty four broad which though defective in most necessaries for life yet it hath plenty
blood Cordevanis Cedar Wood and a plant call'd Mader It contains three Cities the chief of which is Fouchial or Funghal the Residence of a Governor and a Bishop The City is long and narrow at the foot of a Mountain which is about three quarters of a League high with three Fortresses and a Port like a Crescent where Ships may ride within Pistol shot of the Town The Island contains thirty six Parishes five or six Religious Convents four Hospitals six or seven thousand Houses twenty five thousand Inhabitants and so many Gardens that the whole seems a Garden of pleasure The Island Porto Sancto hath much what the same Commodities with Madera but is not above eight or ten Leagues in circuit thought to be the Cerne of Ptolomy and reckoned for the most remote Colony which the Carthaginians had in the Western Ocean Between the Canaries and the Madera's I find two small Islands called Salvages in some Maps but in the Sea-charts I find only a heap of Sands and no description of them in any Geography CAPE VERDE Ilands by Rt. Morden THE Islands which are in the parallel of Cape Verd are to the number of ten and bear the name of the Cape which lies in the most Western part of all Africa The Antients call'd them Hesperides and Gorgades and the Fables plac'd there the Orchards with Golden Apples which were kept by a Dragon Christopher Columbus said they were falsly nam'd for in his third Voyage he found them to be dry and barren They are for the most part possessed and inhabited by the Portugals who transport thence Salt and Goats-skins of which they make excellent Cordevants There is in one of these Islands called Mayo so great quantity of Salt that it is said it could load above two thousand Sail of Ships so that the Flemings call them all the Islands of Salt. The Principal Island is that of Saint Jago or James's with a City of the same Name which is none of the best inhabited through the unwholesomeness of the Air. The Nine other Islands are Saint Anthony's Saint Vincent Saint Luce Saint Nicholas the Isle of Salt Bona Vista Mayo I. de Fuogo and Brava There are some wherein there are no Inhabitants but only Goats The neighbouring Ocean bears the Name of Green by reason that it is covered with a kind of Green and Yellow weed so that it looks like a Meadow There are four things which to me strongly prove that the Islands of Cape Verd do rather answer to the fortunate Islands of Ptolomy then the Canaries 1. Their difference of Latitude for Ptolomy placeth his fortunate Islands between the tenth and sixteenth Degree of Latitude the Canaries are about twenty eight Degrees of Latitude 2. Their distance in regard of the Coast of Africa which Ptolomy makes the nearest distance to be eight Degrees when as the furthest of the Canaries is not so much 3. The disposition of their Situation from East to West for Ptolomy confines his Fortunate Isles almost under one Meridian the Canaries contain five or six Degrees in Longitude 4. In respect of their Situation from North to South for Ptolomy extends those four or six Degrees of Latitude whereas the Canaries lie all in the same Degree of Latitude however I shall submit to better judgments therein The Isle of Saint Thomas under the Equator affords a great quantity of Sugar but the Air is bad for strangers that come to live there for they never grow bigger than they were at their first arrival The Portugals were the first that subdu'd it The best Town in it is Pavoasan containing about seven hundred Houses with a Fortress in the Eastern part of the Island It has several Trees like those in the Island of Fer which distil Water continually for the use of the Inhabitants Hogs Flesh is more wholesome and nourishing than Fowl by reason they feed their Hogs with Sugar Canes The Island of the Prince so call'd because the Revenue of that Island is appointed for the Maintenance of the Prince of Portugal yields some Fruit Sugar and Ginger Annobon is so called because it was first discovered upon the first day of the year The Portugals live toward the North part thereof it yields Sugars Cottons Cattle and excellent Fruits and Oranges that in the year 1623 weighed twelve ounces Saint Hellens sixteen Leagues in compass in the Ethiopick Sea high and mountainous There is no Island in the World so far distant from the Terra Firma 't is called the Sea-Inn because they that return from the East Indies stop and refresh there and in the Vallies it 's very Fertile the Air so healthful that Sick Persons are in a short time restored to their Health well furnished with good Water which alone is a great refreshment to the Ships and of so great importance that the English keep and possess it in despite of Portugals Spaniards or Dutch or any other that dispute with them the Dominion of the Sea. The Islands of Fernando Saint Matthews and Ascension are not inhabited and of no great account only they afford Fowls Wild Beasts and Fish Zocotora and Behel-Mendel lies toward the Red-Sea where the passage is most convenient from the Coast of Africk Zocotora near Cape Guadarfu is under the Jurisdiction of an Arabian King. It is a good Road and hath very convenient Bays where Ships may ride secure among the very Rocks It affords excellent Fishing Cattle in great abundance and is famous for the goodness and quantity of its Aloes MADAGASCAR or St. LAURANCE by Rob. Morden MAdagascar Madecase by the Natives Sazandib by the Arabs Manuthyas Ptol. Magaster by M. P. Venet. Albagra Thev Dâ Cerne Merc. Dauphin Island by the French St. Laurence by Trisian d' Acunna the Portugal who discovered it An. Dom. 1508 tho great is the difference in Spanish Writers about the first that landed here lies in the Eastern which we call the Indian Sea it is the biggest of all the Islands that belong to Africa from whence it does not lie above a hundred or ninety Leagues distant Nor is there any Island in the World of so vast an extent For it is in length above three hundred and forty of our Leagues and about one hundred broad It s chief Ports are the Bay of Antongil or St. Anthony the best in all the Island Further towards the North Boamarage towards the South Angoada Cacumbout Manialoufe Manajara or the Port of Prunes Matatane Manapate or the Port of Gallions Manatenga Anamboul Fort des Francois Sancta Clara Bay St. Lucia Fort Dauphin Cape Romain Cape St. Mario Port St. Augustin Port Santiago or St. James Port St. Vincent Terra del Gada Terra de St. Andra Vingagora c. According to our Relations the Air is temperate enough the Soyl produces several sorts of Grains and Trees the Waters are excellent and the Fruits delicious The Mountains are full of Wood Pasturage and Plants of divers sorts and the Champain Country is
Tuns of Plate and sixteen Bowls of Coyned Money so that they were forced to heave some over board Tumbes was the first Place the Spaniards setled in these parts after Panama Of GVYANA THis Country has by sundry Europeans been called the Savage Coast the Country of the Amazons El Dorado and Guyana But this last name which is Indian has put down all the rest Afterwards the continued resolutions of the French to settle themselves there together with the situation of the Country has occasioned it to be called by them Equinoctial France Orenoque bounds it to the West Amazonia to the Fast the North Sea to the North and the high Mountains to the South All which limits give it a Figure that is somewhat oval Orenoque or Raliana from Sir Walter Raleigh who in 1595 discovered it constrains the neighbouring Inhabitants by reason of its overflowing to lodge in the Trees The other Rivers of Guyana are Essâquâbe Brebice Coret ne Boron Maruvine Surinam the entrance whereof is as large as the Sein at Horfleur Mawari Sinamari Caurora near to which great plenty of Tortoises breed Cayenna that makes an Island of the same Name Cauwo at the Mouth whereof lie great Mountains where they say there is a Mine of a Lapis Lazuli Aperwaque which is thought runs to the Lake Parime but it hath so many falls that its course is hardly known Via-poco Poumaron c. At the lower part of these Rivers and all along the Coast which is generally low and extends above two hundred and fifty Leagues in length several English French and Dutch Colonies have setled themselves Who having made the Indians sensible that they are not able to master their Lands alone dispute among themselves the possession of other Nations Rights The Country between Viapoco and the North Cape is not much coveted by the Europeans because it is very boggy The Country about the Lake Parima in the middle of Guyana acknowledge by report a Successor of Guainacapa of the House of Inca's of Peru and compose the true Kingdom of the Golden King. The remaining part towards the North is possessed by divers People which cannot of themselves make a Body of two hundred and fifty Men. They are all Idolaters and obey the antient Chiefs of their Families Some Relations affirm that there are Amazons in those parts or rather large-sided Women that wage War with much Skill and Valor insomuch that the Natives of the Isle of Arowen at the Mouth of Amazona have acquired that Name by reason of their long Hair The same Relations aver that there are some Nations where the Men exchange their Wives and where the Men always choose the most elderly as being more industrious and better experienced in Huswifry than the young ones The People of Guyana live long by reason of the good Air which they breath Their Country lies in the middle of the Torrid Zone but the Eastern Winds are very constant The Days and Nights are equal the later being very cool the dews falling in great abundance The Mountains are high and the Forests very thick so that it is never excessive hot nor excessive cold The Soil is very proper for the Tillage of Manioc others for the planting of Cotton others for Sugar and Tobacco others that yield Gums Wood Stones of divers sorts Parrots and Monkeys Besides that Hunting and Fishing are equally profitable and delightful Manoa near the Lake Parima the principal City of Guyana is call'd El Dorado by reason of the quantity of Gold which they say is there so great that the Inhabitants make their Weapons thereof and cloath their Bodies with it after they have rubb'd themselves with Oyl or Balsom So that this City may be accounted the richest in the World if there be such a one The Island of Cayenne the principal Colony of the French in those quarters is about sixteen or seventeen Leagues in compass five whereof shoot into the Sea the rest lie between the Arms of a River of the same name It encloses several high Hills which are manurable to the very tops and some Meadows for the fatting of Cattle St. Thomas is remarkable for the unhappy enterprise of that worthy Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh by whom Cumana was fired in his first return from Guyana And at St. Josephs a small City in the Isle Trinidado Sir W. Raleigh took the Spanish Governor Antonio Berio from whom he got the best account of those Parts and its Trade Of Castella Del Oro. GOlden Castile so called from the plenty of Gold the Castillians found there called also Terra Firma because one of the first parts of firm Land which the Spaniards touched at divided likewise into several Parts or Governments viz Panama Carthagena Sancta Martha Rio dela Hacha Venezucla Paria or New Andalousia Popajan and Granada The Government of Panama which particularly takes the name of Terra Firma is between the North and South Seas placed in the Isthmus which joyns the two parts of America together The Country is either low or miry or mountainous or barren its Air is very unhealthful subject to great Heats and Fogs It s chief Places are Panama seated on the Southern Sea-shore the Residence of the Governor a Bishops See and a Town through which the riches of Spain and Peru pass every year In December 1670 it was taken by the English and kept twenty eight days Panama is the Place whither they bring the Gold and Silver of Peru which they afterwards carry to Porto Belo a place of great strength fortified with two Castles which lies about sixteen or eighteen Leagues off upon the North Sea and raised upon the Ruins of Nombre de Dios which was forsaken for the badness of the Air and lying too open to the Invasions of the English This carriage is performed by great Rams called Vieuves which are the only Mules of the Country At Porto Belo they lade this Gold and Silver in the Ships that carry it to Spain In the way from Panama to Porto Belo you may if you please take the convenience of the River Chagra which comes within five Leagues of Panama and then you may go all the way by Water In the year 1668 the English plundred Porto Belo and got considerable sums of the Spaniards before they would surrender it again Cartagena affords soveraign Balsom little inferiour to that of Egypt Rosin and several sorts of Gums long Pepper Dragons-blood Emeraulds c. Formerly the Inhabitants had particular places whither they carried their Dead with their Gold their Chains and their costly Ornaments But the Spaniards to get this Wealth into their hands made those Relicks see the Sun again The City standing in a Peninsula had its name from the resemblance of its Port with that of Cartagena in Europe It is one of the best Cities in America for it contains above four thousand Spaniards about four thousand Negro's and is the usual Randevouz of the Fleets that are bound from
Masters of the Country dividing it into several Parts or Provinces viz. New Galicia Guadalaira New Biscay Mexico Mechoacan Panuco Jucatan Guatimala Honduras Nicaregua Costaricca Veragua and others they have established Parliaments at Mexico Guadalaria and Guatimala New Mexico properly so called lying round about the City of Mexico is the best and best peopled part of all America that City suffered a dreaful loss in the year 1629 all the Dams and most part of the Houses being carried away by the violence of the Streams for it is situated upon a salt Lake about twenty five or thirty Leagues in compass into which falls another Lake of fresh Water and both together are forty five or fifty Leagues circuit in which are said to be fifty thousand Ferries continually rowing about to carry Passengers having about fifty Towns on their Banks some say eighty Towns many of them count five thousand Houses some ten thousand The salt Lake Ebbeth and Floweth according to the Wind yielding no kind of Fish In Mexico are said to be four thousand Spaniards and thirty thousand Indians it is the Residence of the Vice-Roy and Arch-Bishop Before the Spaniards took possession of the Country there were several considerable places near to Mexico The Siege of Mexico lasted about three Months wherein Cortez had near 200000 Indians nine hundred Spaniards eighty Horses seventeen or eighteen Pieces of Ordnance sixteen or eighteen Vergantines and at least six thousand Canou's where were slain fifty Spaniards six Horses and about eight thousand Indians on Cortez side Of Mexicans were slain 120000 besides those that dyed with Famine and Pestilence The Vergentines wherewith Cortez besieged Mexico by Water were brought by land in pieces from Tlaxcallen to Tezcuco and 400000 Men fifty days employed in the finishing of them and making a Sluce or Trench and lanching of them into the Lake At that Siege Montezuma the Emperor was taken by Cortez out of his own Palace and made Prisoner which caused the Mexicans to rebel against Cortez and the Spaniards and fought a fierce and bloody Battel two or three days together crying out for their Emperor whereupon Cortez desired him to go to the Window to shew himself and command his Subjects to cease their fury who so doing was hit on the Head with a Stone with which blow he fell down dead to the Ground and this was the end of that great Emperor who was of the greatest Blood and the greatest King in Estate that ever was in Mexico slain by his own Subjects against their wills in the City of his greatest Glory and in the custody of a foreign and strange Nation After the death of Montezuma they made Quabutamoc their Emperor and persisting in their furious Battery against Cortez his Palace caused him and all his Spaniards to flie out of Mexico But the Spaniards having made sixteen or eighteen Vergentines at Tlaxcallen and got new Supplies they again so besieged Mexico by Water and Land that it was reduced to great necessity with Hunger and Sickness and tho' in this extream misery yet they would not yield no not when they saw the Kings Houses burned and the greatest part of their City consumed so long as they could keep one Street Tower or Temple and though the Spaniards had won the Market-place and most of the City And tho' their Houses were full with dead Bodies and all the Trees and Roots gnawn by those hungry wretches that survived yet would they not accept of peace but desired death so that when the Spaniards thought there had not been five thousand in all the City yet were there that day slain and taken Prisoners 400000 Persons and Quahutamoc their King taken Prisoner who told Cortez he had done his best endeavor to save and defend himself and Vassals but considering you may now do what you please with me I beseech you to kill me which is my only request But Cortez comforted him with fair words and required him to command his Subjects to yield which he did And at that time after so many were slain and starved so many Prisoners taken yet there were about 700000 who threw down their Arms and submitted Thus did Cortez win the famous City of Mexico on the thirteenth day of August An. Dom. 1521. Chulula enclosed about twenty thousand Houses with as many Temples as there are days in the year And the Inhabitants sacrificed every year above six thousand of their Children to their accursed Idols Tezcuco was said to be as big as Mexico which was said to contain sixty or eighty thousand Houses and is famous among the Spaniards for that it was the first that received a Christian King Hârnando son to Nezavalpincintli Cortez being his God Father Quaretaro had a Fountain out of which the Water floweth for four years together and the next four years seemed to be empty Los Angelos upon the Road from La Vera Cruz first built and inhabited in the year 1530 by Don Antonio de Mendoza Vice-Roy of Mexico famous for the Cloth that is there made as good as any in Segovia which is the best in Spain And a Glass House which is the rarity in all those parts It is a City containing six thousand Inhabitants to which there belongs a Bishoprick endowed with sixty thousand Crown a year Guacocinga is the chief Town between the City of Mexico and Los Angelos consisting of above five thousand Indians and one thousand Spaniards and is priviledged by the Kings of Spain for that it joyned with the Tlazcellans against the Mexicans Acapulco upon the South Sea is a well sheltered Bay distant from Mexico one hundred Leagues from hence the Spaniard drives a rich Trade to the Philippine Isles and to China from whence they are distant three thousand Leagues Jucatan is a Peninsula between two Gulphs where stands the antient Merida In Panueo the Castillians have only three Colonies of which Saint Steven del puerto is the Metropolis twelve Leagues from the Sea and a Town of great Traffick next is Saint Jago de los Vallos thirdly Lewes de Tempico They have Mines of Gold in the Country which are not wrought Salt-pits out of which they draw the greatest profit Mechoaian the Metropolis of the Province so called now the seat of the Arch-Bishop since removed from Valadolid seated upon a Lake as large as that of Mexico This Country is said to be so healthful and of so sweat an Air that Sick People come thither to recover their health Near Colima is found the Plant Cozometcath or Olcacazan which takes blood-shot from the Eyes preserves the strength of the Body cures the Tooth and Head-ach resists all poisons and is most excellent against all Diseases This Province is of a fertile Soil yielding great encrease of all sorts of Grain Fruits c. It produceth Cotton Amber-Greece Gold Silver Copper Black Stones so shining that they serve instead of Looking-Glasses store of Plants medicinal Herbs Silk Hony Wax c. It is well stored
with Springs and Rivers of fresh Water Cattle and Fowl are in great plenty and other Lakes and Rivers afford store of Fish Thascala or Los Angelos is a Country very plentiful both of Corn and Cattle full of rich Pastures well watered with Rivers and wonderfully stored with Maize which they make their Bread of Places of most note are first Thascala Situate on an easie ascent betwixt two Rivers encompassed with a large pleasant and fruitful plain said to be so populous before the arrival of the Spaniards that it could number above three hundred thousand Inhabitants Second Angelos a fair City distant from Mexico twenty two Leagues and thirty from Latera Cruz Thirdly La Vera Cruz built by the Cortez a place of great encourse situate near the Gulph from whence there is a through-fair to Mexico from whence it is distant about fifty two Leagues In May 83. about nine hundred or a thousand Privateers at Night landed and through the negligence of the Spanish Centinels surprised the Town and two Forts the one of twelve the other of eight Guns They plundered the Town for three days where they got a great deal of Plate Jewels c. and might also have taken the Castle which is seated about three quarters of a Miles into the Sea and hath thirty Guns mounted Saint John de Vlloa at Vlhua the most noted Port of this Province fenced with a Peer against the fury of the Winds and Sea defended naturally by Rocks and Quick-sands and by two Bulworks well fortified on both sides of his entrance Famous for that it was the first beginning of that great Conquest of the Valiant Cortez Here he first sunk the Ships that brought the Spaniards from Cuba to the intent they might think of nothing but Conquest and here five hundred Spaniards ventured against millions of Enemies and began the Conquest of the fourth part of the World. Xalappa de la Vera Cruz made a Bishops See in the year 1634 said to be worth ten thousand Duckets a year La Rinconada is a House or Inn which the Spaniards call Venla seated in a low Valley the hottest Place in all the Road to Mexico plentiful in Provisions and the sweetness and coolness of the Water is a great refreshment but the swarms of Gnats in the Night are most intolerable Segura de la Frontera was built by Cortez in his Wars with the Culhuacans and Tepeacaes Tlaxcallan a Common-wealth The Inhabitants whereof in one Battel against Cortez had 150000 fighting Men afterwards joyned with Cortez and were the chief Instruments of his unparallel'd Conquest being mortal Enemies to Monteâuma the Mexican Emperor and therefore are free from Tribute by the Kings of Spain Nixapa is a Town of eight hundred Inhabitants Spaniards and Indians where is a rich Cloister of Dominican Friers and one of the richest places in the County of Braxuca Tecoantepeque is a small and unfortified Harbor on Mar del Zur Aquatulco and Capaâita are great Towns in a plain Country Taponapeque is a sweet and pleasant Town well stored with Flesh and Fish and Fowl. In this Province are said to be two hundred Towns one thousand Villages twenty five thousand Indians which are priviledged and exempted from all extraordinary Charge and Imposition because of their assisting Cortez in his Conquest of Mexico In the Valley of St. Paul was a Country Man possessed of forty thousand Sheep which were the product of two only which were brought him out of Spain Guaxaca is a Province of a healthful and a sweet Air of a fertile Soil not only in Corn but also in Fruit Cochineil Silk Cassia the Earth well stored with Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals and most of the Rivers stream down Sand-Gold It s chief places are Antequera a Bishoprick adorned with stately buildings and a Magnificent Cathedral Church Aquatulâo is a noted and convenient Port on Mar del Zur from whence is transported the Merchandise of Mexico to Peru plundered both by Drake and Cavendish in their Voyages about the World. Gage tells us that Guaxaca is a City and Bishops Seat fair and beautiful sixty Leagues from Mexico and consists of two thousand Inhabitants n t far from the Head of the great River Alvarado upon which are Zapoteâas and St. Idlfonso That from thence they went to Antequera a great Town Tavasco or Tabasco is a Coast of one hundred Leagues between Guâxaca and Jucatan of an excellent Soil abundant in Maiz and Cacao There are Vines Fig-trees Oranges and Citrons great quantity of Cattle and Fowl besides wild Beasts Apes and Squirrels The Spaniards have but one Colony here which is called Newstra a Signiora de la Victoria so called from the Victory Cortez gained 15 9. The first City in America that defended it self and suffered the Spaniards sword Jucatan is a Peninsula of about four hundred Leagues in compass Situate between the Gulph of Mexico and Honduras whose Cape Catoche is opposite to Cape Saint Anthony in the Island Cuba and distant from it forty odd Leagues In the middle of the Land are to be seen Scales and Shells of Sea Fish its chief Cities are Merida distant from the Sea on either side twelve Leagues the Seat of the Bishop and Governor adorned with great and antient Edifices of Stone with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones resembling those at Merida in Spain 2. Valladolid beautified with a fair Monastery of Franciscans 3. Campeach Situate on the Shore of the Gulph a fair City of about three thousand Houses which in Anno 1596 was surprised and pillaged by the English under the Command of Captain Parker who carried away the Governor and the riches of the City The Audience of Gaudalajara or Kingdom of New Galicia makes the most occident part of New Spain and contains the Provinces of Gaudalajara Xalisco Los Zacatecas Chiamettlan Culiacan and New Biscany The Air of Gaudalajara is temperate and serene except in Summer which is most troubled with Rain The Land rather mountainous than plain very fruitful well furnished with Mines of Silver Copper Lead and Margasites the Pastures are rich feeding abundance of Cattle they have Cittrons Oranges Figs Apples Pears Peaches Olive-trees whose Fruit is often destroyed by Ants as their Corn Maize and Pulse is by the Pies which though no bigger than Sparrows are so numerous that they destroy whole Crops Its Cities are Guadelajara the Residence of the Kings Treasurer dignified with the Courts of Judicature the See of a Bishop beautified with a fair Cathedral Church watered with many Fountains and little Torrents not far from the River Beranja In the Province of Xalisco the chief City is Compostella built by Guzman 1551. Situate in a Barren Country and bad Air. In the Province of Chiametlan is Saint Sebastian nigh to which are many rich Silver Mines The Province of Culiacan hath Saint Michael and that of Chinaloa Saint John where are rich Mines of Silver In Los Zicatecas are several famous
Lodges near the Mines and some Cities as Zacatecas Durango c. In new Biscany there are no Cities but only Mines of Silver as Saint John Barbara and Endes The Audience of Gautemala is divided into these Provinces Gautemala Soconusco Chiapa Vera-paz Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua Gautimala is a Country hot but rich subject to Earthquakes and hath excellent Balms Amber Bezar and Salt and Indigo Full of rich Pastures stocked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medicinal Drugs and abundance of Fruit especially Cacao in vast plenty that it lades many Vessels which serves both for Meat and Drink Chief Cities are Saint Jago de Gautimala Situate on a little River betwixt two Vulcano's one of Water the other of Fire that of Water is higher than the other and yields a pleasant Prospect being almost all the year green and full of Indian Wheat and the Gardens adorned with Roses Lilies and other Flowers all the year and with many sorts of sweet and delicate Fruit. The other Vulcan of Fire is more unpleasant and more dreadful to behold here are Ashes for Beauty Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers for Water Whisperings and Fountain Murmurs noise of Thunder and roaring of consuming Metals for sweet and odoriferous Smells a stink of Fire and Brimstone Thus is Gautimala seated between a Paradise and Hell other chief Towns are Mixco Pinola Petapa and Amatitlan The Residence of the Governor the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 it was almost overwhelmed by a Deluge of boiling Water which descended from that Vulcano which is near it out of which it cast Fire in abundance Soconusco hath only the little City Guevetlan on the Coast nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it Chiapa is not very fruitful in Corn or Fruits but well stocked with lofty Trees some yielding Rosin others pretious Gums and others Leaves that when dried to Powder make a Sovereign Plaister for sores 'T is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Chiapa exceedeth most Provinces of America in fair Towns 't is divided into three parts viz. Chiapa Zeldales and Zoques Chief Places are Chiapa Real and Chiapa de Indies twelve Leagues from the first upon the River Grejavalva St. Bartholomews at the foot of the Cuchumatlanes Mountains Copanabastla noted for its Cotton Wool. Near Chiapa are several Fountains which are strange near Acaxutla is a Well whose Water is observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and Ebbing of the Sea though far from it near St. Bartholomews is a pit into which if one cast a stone tho' never so small it makes a noise as great and terrible as a Clap of Thunder another Fountain that for three years together increaseth though there be no Rain and for three years after diminisheth though there be never so much another that falls in rainy weather and rises in dry another that kills Birds and Beasts that drink it yet cures the Sick. The entrance into Golfe Dulce is straitned with two Rocks or Mountains on each side but within a fine Road and Harbor wide and capacious to secure a thousand Ships Honduras or Comayagua is a Country of pleasant Hills and fruitful Vallies hath Fruits Grains rich Pastures brave Rivers and Mines of Gold and Silver but it s greatest profit is Wool. It s chief places are Vallad lâd equally distant between the two Seas situate in a pleasant fruitful Valley 2. Grâtias a Dios near the rich Mines of Gold. 3. Saint Juan del poâto de los Cavallos once a famous Port. 4. Traxillo both pillaged by the English Nicaragua called Mahomets Paradise by reason of its fertility and store of Gold a Country destitute of Rivers the want whereof is supplyed by a great Lake which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea upon its Banks are seated many pleasant Cities and Villages the chief is Leon near unto a Vulcan of Fire where a Fryer seeking for Treasure met with the end of his design and of his Life the Residence of the Governor and Seat of a Bishop Grenada beautified with a fair Church and Castle Jaen Segovia and Realeo near Mar del Zur The City Granada is one of the richest places in the India's The passage of the Lake Granada or Nicaragua called El Desaguadero is very dangerous Costarica and Veragua are the two most Eastern Provinces of the Audience of Gautimala in the first are the Cities of Carthage seated between the two Seas In the other La Conception La Trinadad and Sancta Fe being the place where the Spaniards melt refine and cast their Gold into Bars and Ingots New MEXICO vel New GRANATA et MARATA et CALIFORNIA by R. Morden WEst of Florida and North of New Spain there are numerous Inhabitants and various Provinces and Countries little known by the Europeans which I call in general New Mexico others comprehend them under the name of New Granada however there have been observed divers people very different in their Languages Manners and Customs some having fixed and setled Habitations others wandring after their Flocks some dwelling in Cities or Towns others in Herds or Troops like the Tartars This Country was first made known to the Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer Marco de Nisa inflamed by whose reports Vasquez di Coranado in the year 1540 undertook the further discovery thereof where not finding what they looked for Gold and Silver hungry honour yielding but poor subsistence the further search of these Countries was quite laid aside almost as little known now as before New Mexico California Anian Quiviria and Libola are the principal parts of it St. Fe or St. Foy is the principal City distant from the the Old Mexico above five hundred Leagues being the Residence of the Spanish Governor where they have a Garison and Silver Mines California once esteemed a Peninsula now thought to be an Island extending in length from the twenty second Degree of Northern Latitude to the forty second but the breadth narrow the Northern Point called Cape Blance of which there is little memorable the most Southern called Cape St. Lucas remarkable for the great prize there taken from the Spaniards by Captain Cavendish in his Circumnavigation of the World Anno 1587. Where is also Nova Albion discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577 and by him so named in Honor of his own Country once called Albion who caused a Pillar to be erected in the place on which he fastned the Arms of England Opposite to Cape Blanco and the utmost North parts of America lies the supposed Kingdom of Anian from whence the Straits of Anian which are by some thought to part Asia and America do derive their name The riches of Quiviria consist in their Oxen whose Flesh is the ordinary food of the Inhabitants their Skins serve them for cloathing their Hair for Thred of their Nerves and Sinews they make Cords and Bow-strings of their Bones they make Nails and
be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chickâmabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bugâsses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and
and the said Edward Byllynge that a partition should be made thereof The which was accordingly done by Deed interchangeable enroll'd which Partition begins on the West side of a certain place upon the South Sea call'd by the Name of Little Eag Harbor and which runs from thence by a streight Line to the most Northerly Extent of the whole Premises Upon which Partition it was agreed that Carterets part should be call'd the Province of the East New Jarsey and Byllynges part should be call'd the Province of West New Jarsey East Jarsey is bounded from the Line of Partition Eastward part with the Main Ocean and part with Hudsons River which separates it from New York And West Jarsey from the said Partition Line expands it self Southward and Westward unto that famous Bay and River of Delaware which also separates that Province from Pensilvania in which Bay and River it s well known Ships of the greatest Burden may Ride at Anchor and pass with safety a hundred Miles up into the Country And in which River from the Mouth of the Bay are not less than twenty Creeks and Harbors some whereof issuing five ten fifteen if not twenty Miles into the Province The Partition being thus made of the two Provinces The Government of West Jarsey was thereupon given and granted by the present King when Duke of York unto the abovenamed Edward Byllynge and his Heirs with the same Jurisdictions Powers Authorities and Government as fully and amply to all intents and purposes as the same was granted to him his Heirs and Assigns by the late King his Brother who was also pleas'd to approve thereof by Publication under the Royal Signet and Sign Manual Thereby and therein commanding the present and future Inhabitants within the Limits of the said Province to yield all due Regard and Obedience unto him the said Edward Byllynge as their Governor and to his Heirs Deputies Agents c. This Province from the Mouth of Delaware Bay along by the Sea side to the Line of the Partition appears in the Map to be about sixty Miles in breadth And from the Mouth of the said Bay to the Head or most Northerly Branch of the River of Delaware likewise appears to be about two hundred and fifty Miles in length This Province is divided into one hundred Shares or Proprieties as may be seen by the Registred Deeds of every person or persons who have already purchased a whole or part of a Propriety joyntly with others which Register is kept by Herbert Springet in George yard in Lumbard-street London unto whom any persons who are minded to buy one or more Proprieties may repair The said Edward Byllynge having above twenty of those hundred yet to sell As to the Government out of each Propriety a Free-holder is to be Annually chosen by the Inhabitants thereof and to Meet and Sit as a General Assembly upon a day certain every year which with the Governor or his lawful Deputies are the Legislative Power of the Province to make and alter Laws in all times coming But not contrary or in any wise repugnant to Liberty of Conscience in Matters of Faith towards God or the Religious Exercise thereof Liberty and Property both as Men and Christians being establish'd in West New Jarsey by an irrevocable Fundamental Law never to be extinguish'd or invaded by any subsequent Law hereafter to be made whatsoever As also not any the least Tax Talledge Subsidie Rates or Services to be imposed upon the People but by the consent of these their Representatives in the General Assemblies The Towns and Plantations already settled in this Province for the most part are upon that Noble and Navigable River of Delaware or upon some Creek or Harbor contiguous thereunto or upon the South Sea. And upon both are the like conveniencies for thousands of more Families It s chief Towns and Rivers are noted in the Map And it certainly enjoys all the advantages that the other parts do The Description of East New Jarsey THE Province of East New Jarsey lies next to New York Southwestward having on the South the Main Ocean on the East that well-known Bay for Shipping within Sandy Hooke to the North part of the Province of New York and New Albany and is bounded by that vast Navigable Stream called Hudsons River to the forty one Degree of Northern Latitude and from thence crossing over in a streight Line extending to the most Northern Branch or Part of Delaware River then to the West West Jarsey from which divided by a partition Line it takes its beginning from a place upon the South-Coast called Little Egg-Harbor and so runs in a streight Line to the aforesaid Northernmost Branch of Delaware River This Province is very pleasant and healthful a great part of the back Land lying high As to the Trees Fruits and most other products it s not inferiour to any of the neighbouring Colonies And for the fertility of Soil fresh Water-Rivers Brooks and pleasant Springs it is highly esteemed The Country along Rariton-River is a place so delightful and fruitful that Ogilby in his Volumn of America folio 181 182 many years ago has given the World an extraordinary account thereof The Situation of this Province has a very great and apparent advantage for it lies even in the Center of all the English Plantations on that Continent near to an equal distance from the South-parts of Carolina and the North of Pemaquid the aforesaid Bay of Sandy-Hooke being very notable both for the conveniency and security of any number of Ships And the Sea-Coasts of this Province are very commodious both for Trade and Fishing especially the Whale Fishing Within the said Bay upon the North side of the Mouth of Rariton River there is an excellent Tract of Ground called Amboy Point where a Town or City is building called Perth In which Town several good Houses are already built and inhabited and more daily are building by the Proprietors and others that are come to settle there Nothing can be better and more advantagiously situated than this place for a Town of Trade which lies about sixteen Miles within the aforesaid Bay into which there may go in Ships of the greatest Burden and come out again at all Seasons as well in Winter time as in Summer and lie safe in Harbor without any inconvenience of Winds or Tydes and close to the Wharf before the Houses in this Town of Perth can lie Ships of three or four hundred Tun with their fasts on Shore at low Water There is besides the forementioned New Town seven Towns more built in this Province viz. Elizabeth Town Newark Woodbridge Piscataway Bergen Middletoune and Shrewsbury in which and in the out Plantations many thousand People are setled who possess their Lands c. some by purchase most upon very easie Rents payable to the present Proprietors there being all sorts of excellent âands undisposed of enough to plant many more thousands of Families who shall desire
towards the N. E. first and second part is called Jamboli That in the middle retains the Name of Macedonia Propria That towards the South is called Comenolitari containing part of Macedonia Tertia and some part of Thessalia The chief Towns of Albania or Pars Occidentalis Macedoniae are 1. Dyrrachium Caes Cic. Ptol. c. Epidamnus Thucyd. Plin. c. Duâazzo Drazzi Turcis once memorable for the Valour of Seaevo who alone so long resisted Pompey's Army that he had 220 Darts sticking in his Shield yet was Caesar foiled It was taken by Bajazet from the Venetians Anno 1499. 2. Inaccessible and Impregnable Croia thought by some to be the Epicaria of Ptol. George Castriot or Scanderbeg took it by a wile but Amurath the Fourth lost his Life before it The Antigonia of Ptol. teste Soph. Lazzio 3. Aulon of Plin. Ptol. now Valona situate over-against Otranto in Italy and about 60 miles distant 30 miles from Valona Landwards riseth a Fountain of Pitch mentioned by the Ancients with which mixing Tar they Careen Ships 4. Apolonia Liv. Ptol. Pollina Piergo Sossopoli teste Baud. Ceres Nigro a Town of great note in the times of the Romans and the Key of Greece memorable for the Study of Augustus Caesar 5. Ssestigrade or Vestigrade the Sphetia of Laonic. Turcis Sucrige teste Leund Oxypyrgium Grecis teste Soph. one of the last Towns taken by Scanderbeg as Dibra was the first The Rock or Island Sassino six miles from Valona boundeth the Gulf of Lodrino Drilo Strab. Ptol. Plin. Drinax Nigro Drino aliis Le Golphe dy Drin Gallis Golfo Dello Drino Italis Not far from this Island N.E. are the Falls of Piscaria the Fish they pickle the Rows they salt and dry in the Sun and so make Botago Other places are Albanopoli forty miles from Durazzo and 35 from Alessio in Dalmatia Eladafagni the Daulia of Ptol. teste Mol. Locvida Lychnidus Liv. Diod. Ptol. Lychnidion Polyb. Lychnittus Herod Steph. A Lake and Arch-Bishoprick of Macedonia Justiniana Prima then Achrydus L'Ochrida Turcis Giustandil Chief Towns in Jamboli were 1. Stagira Plin. Steph. Diod. Stantira Ptol. the Country of Aristotle teste Laertio now Liba Nova teste Soph. or Macra teste Nicaeta 2. Pallene Plin. Phlegra Herod Patalene Ptol. Patalents Mol. Canistâo Soph. Tarcho or Tarso Nardo Sacred to the Muses 3. Amphipolis Herod Thucyd. c. Neapolis Ant. Christopoli Soph. Emboli Turcis 4. Cavalla Oesima Thucyd. Ptol. the Cabyla Ptol. Cavyla Cedreno teste Leoncl Bucephala teste Brietio 5. Contessa which gives its name to the Gulph Golfo di Contesa Castaldo Golfo di Monte Santo Soph. the Strymonicus Sinus of Ptol. 6. Thessalonica now Salonichi Soph. to whose Inhabitants St. Paul writ his Epistles very populous of Christians Turks and Jews and of great Commerce seated at the bottom of the Gulph Salonichi The Sinus Thermaeus or rather Thermaicus of Strab. Ptol. distant from Constantinople about 320 miles and from Durazzo about 230 miles 7. Siderocapsa the Chrysites of Liv. teste Bello Scydra Ptol. famous for its Mines of Gold and Silver so advantageous to the Turk as the report exceeds belief 8. Mount Athos of Liv. Strab. Acroathon or Acrothon Plin. Mela. Acrothoon Herod Athos Aeron a Graecis ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã now Cima di Monte Sancto Sanct Laure Agios Laura Monastir a Turcis Seididag teste Leunct Inhabited from the beginning of Christianity with Hermits afterwards with Monks according to the Order of St. Basil It stands in a Peninsula very fruitful being 160 miles about where they have 20 Monasteries and about 600 Kaloiis They pay 1000 Dollars a Month and have safe protection The Town Kareis is in the middle of the Mount where there is a Turkish Aga and a Market Their Churches and Furniture are exceeding rich and all are daily employed according to their several degrees and qualifications Torone of Plin. Mel. a Torone filia Neptuni teste Steph. Longo Soph. Castle Rampo Nardo Pineto Rainero vel Reinero Nigro Agiomana or Aiomana Casteldo from hence Toronaicus Sinus now Golfo di Agiomana or Aiomana Cast Golfo di Rampo vel Rampa Nardo Towns in Macedonia properly so called and in Comenolitari are 1. Pella of Strab. Plin. Ptol. c. Jeniza or Janizza Soph. Zuchria Nigro the Birth-place of Alexander 2. Piidna of Ptol. Steph. c. Chitro Soph. taken by Cassander the Son of Antipater who Murthered Olympias the Mother Roxane the Wife and Hercules the Heir apparent to Alexander the Great 3. Berrhaea or Berraea of Plin. Strââ Ptol. c. Veria Soph. Boor Turcis teste Leunct where St. Paul and Silas Preached 4. Adessa Ptol. Edessa Liv. Polyb. Aegaea aliis Vodena Mol. Soph. aliis 5. Andaristus Ptol. Vostanza teste Theveto aliis Erisso 6. Tyrissa Ptol. Ceresei Mer. Dinorigriza Xerâlibado aliis 7. Stobi of Plin. Liv. Ptol. in Pelagonia regione Starachino Nardo 8. Antigonia in Mygdonia reg Coiogna Pineto aliis Antigoca Of Thessalia THE Province of Thessaly was called Aemonia Pyrrhaea by Strabo Estiaeotis by Plin. Dryopis by Diod. Argos Pelasgicum by Homer Comenolitari Cast Thumenestria Geufraeo Lamina Lazio But the greatest part is now called Ianna teste Brietio It is a Country no less Fruitful than Pleasant famous for the Hill Olympus visible at a great distance consisting not of one rising Peak but extending a great way in length from East to West Remarkable for the Exploits of Paulus Aemylius of Appius Claudius and of the Consul Martius of which see Sir Walter Rawleigh Lib. 1. Cap. 7. For the Mountains of Pelion and Ossa For the Hill Othrys the Hill Oeta where Hercules is said to have Burned himself with a poysoned Shirt For the pleasant Valley of Tempe called the Garden of the Muses For the Pharsalian Fields where the Empire of the Roman Universe was Disputed in two great Battels the one between Caesar and Pompey the other between Brutus and Cassius on the one side and Anthony and Augustus on the other Here lived the Mirmidons over whom Achilles was Captain at the War of Troy. The chief places are Larissa Larizzo Soph. Yennee Sheir Turcis an Arch-Bishoprick Inhabited by Christians Turks and Jews pleasantly seated upon a rising ground on the upper part whereof stands the Palace of the Grand Signior reputed also for the Town where Achilles was Born. 2. Ternovo a large and pleasant City about ten miles Westwards of Larissa where most of the Inhabitants are Christians there being 18 Churches and but three Mosques 3. Dimitriada Demetrias of old by Plin. the same with Pegasa of great strength by Art and Nature 4. Pegasa now Volo in which the Ship called Argo was said to be Built Armiro Argos Pelasgicum al. Larissa the Seat of a Turkish Sangiac Domochi the Lamia of Polyb. Cic. Ptol. c. Homile Ptol. Homolium Plin. Omole Strabo