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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	call_v	river_n	sea_n	5,770	4	6.4355	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86055	Natura prodigiorum or, a discourse touching the nature of prodigies. Together with the kinds, causes and effects, of comets, eclipses, and earthquakes. With an appendix touching the imposturism of the commonly-received doctrine of prophecies, spirits, images, sigils, lamens, the christal, &c. and the propugners of such opinions. / By John Gadbury philomathēmatikos.	Gadbury, John, 1627-1704.	1660 (1660)	Wing G91; Thomason E2131_3; ESTC R202414	80,331	276

of ♓ Latrocinia rapinas terra c. It portends many robberies and rapines and villanies to be perpetrated both at Sea and Land Thus much for the significations of the Moons Eclipse in any of the decanates of the 12. signs and of my discourse of Eclipses at this time also Subsect 3. Of Earthquakes An Earthquake of it self is so generally and experimentally known that it would be but to little purpose for me to present you here with a definition thereof I shall therefore pretermit that and discourse of these following particulars viz. 1. Of the causes of Earthquakes 2. Of the kinds or Species 3. Of their Antecedentia 4. Of their Consequentia 1. Of the several causes of Earthquakes Because the efficient cause is the most eminent among causes I shall begin with that first of which some learned Naturalists give this account viz. Efficiens est calor Solis simul ignis subterraneus quibus suppeditant tres superiores planetae The efficient cause of all Earthquakes is the heat of the Sun together with the Subterranean fires assisted by the astringent or binding qualities of the three superior Planets Saturn Jupiter Mars Sed causa Materialis est spiritus seu vapor in terrae visceribus exire contendens But the material cause of them is the spirit or vapour imprisoned or confined in the bowels of the Earth striving or using all possible means to break forth But Causa Formalis est ipsa concussio terrae agitatio exhalationem terra inclusarum The formal cause of Earthquakes is the concussion or troubled shaking of the earth and the agitation of the vapours and exhalations therein inclosed And for the final cause of Earthquakes that may be apparently observed among their effects or consequentia For God never yet sent any Messenger unto or among the sons of men that ever returned without a perfect delivery of his errand 2. Of their kinds or Species Divers are the opinions of Philosophers concerning the kindes of Earthquakes for there are some that hold there are seven kinds of them others but five some others but four and the learned Aristotle de Meteor lib. 2. c. 8. maketh only two Species of them viz. tremor pulsus a trembling and a beating But among all these opinions that which admits of five several kinds or Species seemeth to carry the most apparent shew of reason there being a manifest and apparent difference between each of them and accordingly I shall give you a description of each of them and they thus follow 1. The first kinde of Earthquake is a lateral or side-long shaking as when the whole force or fury of the wind driveth to one place only there being no contrary motion to let or hinder it Many Hills and Buildings have been rushed down by this kind of Earthquake especially when the wind causing it was fierce and strong for if it happen to be a weak and feeble wind it only loosneth or unfastneth the foundations but if it be less weak then without further harm the Earth only shakes like one sick of an ague 2. The second kind is not so much lateral or side-long as perpendicular or upright and happeneth when the earth with great violence is so lifted up that the buildings thereof are likely to fall and suddenly it sinketh down again for after the wind or vapour that caused the earth to swell is broke out of its prison the earth returneth to its old place even as it was before 3. The third kind of Earthquake is called Hyatus a gaping rending or cleaving of the earth one part thereof being driven so far from the other that whole Towns Cities Rivers Hills Rocks and Seas and the like are swallowed up and never seen again like unto that which happened in the year 244. post Christum 4. The fourth kind of Earthquake is a shaking that causeth sinking and is far differing from the former for now the Earth splitteth not but sinketh it happening in such places where though the surface or upper parts of the earth be solid and firm yet the foundation thereof is but salt which being moistened by water being driven through it by the force of the shaking exhalation is turned to water also And after this manner according to the testimony of the famous Plato was the Atlantique Ocean from an Island turned into a Sea 5. The fifth and last kind of Earthquakes is different from the former for as before the ground sinks down so now it is cast up somewhat like to the second kind mentioned only with this difference that now it returneth not to its place again but remaineth a very great Mountain like unto that of Mercley Hill in Herefordshire which happened about an hundred years since as is mentioned at the begining of this book And note that if such a rising happen in the Sea it doth not only cause overflowing but also produceth many Islands such as were never seen before And thus much for the Species of Earthquakes 3. Of their Antecedentia As for the Antecedentia or the signs and fore-runners of Earthquakes according to the best of Authors they are chiefly these which follow 1. A great Calmness Tranquillity and serenety of the Air intermixed with some cold the reason of which is because the exhalation which should be blowing abroad is wholly within the Earth 2. The dimness and paleness of the Sun for certain days together although there be no clouds to interpose The reason whereof is because the wind which should have dissolved and purged the gross Air is taken captive and kept and enclosed within the bowels of the earth 3. A more then ordinary quietude and solitariness of birds i. e. if they do not flie but sit still and are fearful to let any come neer unto them the reason of which is because either the pent exhalation sendeth some strange alteration in the Air which slenderly breatheth out of the insensible pores of the earth which it may do although the exhalation tarry behind or else it is by reason they are scarce able to flie for want of some gentle gales for their wing as they flie to strike upon it being a thing well known that birds flie more cheerfully and willingly when the Air is of such a temper 4. When the weather of it self is calm and yet the water of the Sea is troubled and rageth mightily and the reason that is given of this is because the great plenty of spirits or wind in the bottom of the Sea begins to labor for passage that way but finding none is sent back again whereupon it soon after shaketh the land and this saith Dr. Swan is evermore a certain sign 5. When the water in the bottom of pits and deep wells is troubled ascending and moving as if it were boyled stinking and is infected the reason whereof is because the exhalation being pent and striving to get forth moveth some stinking minerals and other poysonous stuff to the Springs of these

souldiers Engines A sudden fire in the air towards the North. Severus followeth the war against the Parthians Satrahel coming to rule Scotland kills many of the old Lords of the Kingdom Constantinople taken by famine Satrahel strangled by his servants Brittains beaten by Severus Albinus's head sent to Rome 196. 303. A great lowing and fire in the earth A Whale comes ashore at the Haven of Augustus A Comet for many days together was seen at Rome Scotland received the Faith about this time The fifth Persecution began Many from Jerusalem flee into the Wilderness to avoyd the Persecution The Romans wast Arabia Strange Heresies broached by Praxeus 204. 208. A wonderful lightning fell from Heaven upon the Image of Severus and blotted out three letters of his Name Severus was then going to Britain but never returned thence 50000 of his Army die Many of the Calidonians upon a Rebellion were massacred cruelly 219. An Eagle flying takes away the Cap of Diadumenus Diadumenus is slain within fourteen Months of that time The Britains rebel and invade the Roman Territories 230. Sreames of fire and strange lightning seen at Rome Armed men seen in Muscovia and Polonia An inundation at Venice The Persians invade Armenia and the Romans they wast the Roman Territories Alectus slain in Battle King of Scots slain by his guard The Emperor goeth into Persia and is overcome 237. A blazing star seen at Rome that extended it self a very great length and was seen both to burn blaze many nights together Maximilian com●th out of Germanie and is slain by his own souldiers his body given to be torn and devoured of dogs Goths at this time became terrible to the Roman Empire 241. An Eclipse of the Sun which as my author saith was so great that it made the day to seem as dark as the night Athirco of Scotland kills himself Strange Heresies spread themselves The Persian wa● initiateth The Persian is vanquished and expelled Syria 244. The Sun eclipsed totally A great Earthquake which caused the earth to gape so extreamly that certain Cities together with their people were swallowed up Gordian is slain by Philip. Philip dies and Marcus is chose by the Senate and dyeth within five days Next Serverus Hostilianus is chosen who dying Philip the Arabian is chosen and Eusebius calls him the first Christian Emperour 257. Great Thunder in the earth with terrible darkness an Earthquake The Sea overwhelmed many Cities in Europe and Affrica The Goths take Chalcedon and spoyl it They take Nice also The sickness rageth in the Roman Army The Goths burn the Temple of Ephesus they enter Macedonia and Asia 264. This year there were many exceeding great Earthquakes and darkness for many days together Spears also were seen in the Elements at Rome The Germans and Scythians wast the Empire The French mischief Italy Claud. Censorinus made Emperour in Italy and slain there Donald in Scotland usurped and kept the Nobility in fear threatning to kill their kindred whom he had took 300. An horrible Earthquake at Tyre which destroyed many Buildings and an innumerable company of people Many Monsters were also born this year Dioclesian assumeth the name of Divin● Honour Many Christians are burned in a house at Nicodemia The tenth persecution beginneth 144000 put to death in Egypt and 700000 banished The Persians and Goths worsted 314. This year a Banner with a Cross seen in the Air and divers Armies Fighting Penitents were also seen to hover in the Air in Spain Two Councils cal'd and held this year one at Arls against the Donatists The other at Ancyra in Galatia to restore the lapsed Arrius beg●ns to broach his Heresies is condemned by a Council at Alexandria 315. 320. This year was a hand seen in Lateran at Rome without a body which in the sight of many men writ upon a wall these words Hodie venonum Ecclesiae infusu●us To day he will pour Poyson into the Church Rome beautified by Constantine Lamps and Wax-candles in the day time used in the Church first Constantine goeth into Gaul to appease a sedition of his Souldiers French aid the Samarte against the Romans and in a Battel kill 46000 men 323. A Fountain ran with oyl in Italy There was also a terrible Comet seen for many days together at Rome Constantine and Licinius met at Chalcedon Licinius is overthrown Octavian Fleeth into Scotland and by the aide of Fincomore recovers Britain Licinius is put to death 340. An Earthquake in Asia that overthrew many Cities A child of six months old Prophecies in Rome Constantine the Eldest is slain The Siege of Nisibis is raised Constans raiseth forces against the Gauls he subdueth them Athanasius is exiled 343. A great and terrible Eclipse of the Sun And an Earthquake whose force was so great that it overthrew many Cities in the East Paul banished Hermogenes slain in a tumult Constantius persecuteth the Clergy Julius entertaineth Athanasius and other banished Catholicks the Arrians are offended at it Arrius his heresi s spread at Antioch A persecution in Persia Constantius is beaten in Persia The Heathen Templ●s shut up Nisibis besieged again by Sapores 344. A great and terrible Earthquake that shook Antioch and most of the Eastern parts for a year together 349. A great Earthquake that overthrew a City into the sea all of it except the Church Dirachium fell with an Earthquake and Rome was shak n three days and three nights together together with divers Cities in Campania Constantius giveth battel to the Persians and overcometh them but his souldiers drunk with wine and beer as well as with success the Persians come suddenly on them and make a great slaughter Magnen●ius conspires against Constance although he had once saved his life 362. An Earthquake in Persia doing very much harm This yeer an Ox is said to have spoke in Italy Nicodemia overthrown with an Earthquake Vandamore taken by Julian Constantius maketh peace with Sapores and shortly after dies Christians persecuted Julian to Constantinople prepares for the Persian war is slain at Chresiphen The Temple of Apollo Daphneus burnt 369. A great inundation or overflowing of waters in Sicilia and a general Earthquake over the whole world Romachus defeateth Angusian and the Picts He tyrannizeth and the Nobles cut off his head Valence putteth Athanaricus to flight 377. A Comet of wonderful greatness and another general Earthquake in Cicilia The Scots and Picts are set at variance by Maximus The Goths turn Arrians They wast Thrace Thessaly and Epirus Gratian killeth 35000 Germans 384. This year appears a terrible sign in the Heavens in all parts like unto a fierie P●llar And the River Tiber overflows her Banks again Maximus killeth Gratian treacherously possesseth Britain France Spain Affrick Vandals Lumbards quarrel Priscillian is executed at Trevors by Maximus after an appeal to him from the Council of Bourdeaux 392. A new star in the Heavens that appeared in the form of a sword for forty days together

the earth as at Veios a City of Hetruria in Anno Mundi 3842. it rain'd oyl extreamly And in the year of Christ 364. wool was rained out of the Clouds Then for the Sea to appear in colour like blood as in the year of Christ 53. it did and seemed to all Spect●tors as if it had been real blood divers days together For noysome flyes to increase c. as in the year of Christ 1092. great swarms appeared in a strange manner in many Countries For Toads and Frogs to gender and increase after an unaccustomed manner as in the time of Hen. 2. of England they did in Wales where they devoured a young man For Locusts and Caterpillers to cover the earth as in the days of Pharaoh and in Italy in the year of Christ 593. where they came in such vast numbers and companies and destroyed so much of the fruits of the earth of all sorts as shortly after ensued a very great famine there For Bees those Monarchical and rarely well-govern'd creatures to go a progress as those that came to Cassinum and setled in the Court-house at the very time while causes were there a pleading Or like those that swarmed in the Temple of Salus Or those in Germany in the Tents of Drusus that setled upon the Pavilion of Hostilius Rutilius Marshal of the field in the year of the world 3954. or those that came swarming through Covent-Garden and the Strand London in the years of Christ 1653. and 1654. where one company fixed themselves to the end of a Cart and the other to the knee of a man's breeches as he passed along the streets For wheat to be rained on the earth like as hail is as it was in Carinthia which Dubartus attests fol. 16. Those dristing showres of wheat Which in Carinthia twice were seen to shed Whereof that people made them store of bread For the earth to travel and remove out of its place as it did in the Territories of Modona where two Hills being at an indifferent distance were seen fiercely to assault each the other and retreated so far that there was seen a flame and smoake to go up between them As saith Ravisius cap. 31. We have a more remarkable story neerer home viz. in the year of our Lord 1571. at Kinnaston in Herefordshire as the Learned Mr. Camden reports in his Britain fol. 620. a Hill they call Marcley-Hill as though it had awakened it self of a sudden out of deep sleep rouzed it self up and for the space of three days together moving and shewing it self as mighty and huge an heap as it was with roaring noise in a fearful sort and overturning all things that stood in the way advanced it self forward to the wondrous astonishment of the beholders Mr. Speed in his description of Herefordshire delivers the Story more fully and tells us That it began to journey the seventh of February being Saturday at six a clook at night c. and carryed with it sheep in their Coats Hedg-rows and Trees whereof some were overturned and some that stood upon the plain are firmly growing upon the Hill Those that were East were turned West and those in the VVest were in the East in which remove it overthrew Kinnaston Chappel and turned two high-ways neer one hundred yards from their usual paths formerly trod The ground thus travelling neer about twenty six acres which opening it self with Rocks and all bare the earth before it four hundred yards space without any stay leaving that which was pasturage in the place of Tillage and the Tillage over-spread with pasturage and at last overwhelming her lower part mounted to an Hill of twelve Fathoms high and there rested her self after three days travel And although I might relate many more and those every whit as strange as these mentioned yet this shall suffice in this place for the kinds of earthy or Terrestrial Prodigies I come in the next place to speak of the kinds of Celestial Prodigies and they are many also As those many very various and admirable Apparitions which in a wonderful manner have been observed in the Heavens viz Armies of men seen fighting in the Heavens Charging and retreating as dexterously as if they were at a real pitcht field or battel here on the earth Such a prodigie was that which appeared in the year of the world 3795. when Antiochus made provision to goe the second time into Egypt where in Jerusalem for forty days together were seen in the Aire Horsmen running to and fro having Guns of gold and Speares as if they had been armed Bands their Horses ran in order they met hand to hand their Bucklers moved and there were a number of men with Helmets and drawn Swords there was casting of Darts and Gorgets guilt Armor and Coats of Mail c. In the time of the Emperour Charls the Great and 803. year of Christ before Nicephorus set upon the Empire of the West there appeared Armies of wonderful greatness in the Air as saith Dr. B. in his Doom c. The same Author tells us that in the year 930. post Christum the sixteenth of the Kalends of March in the morning about Cock-crowing untill the day break there was seen in a Country in France all over the face of the Element bloody Armies And Anno Christi 1116 in the begining of the night fiery Armies were seen in the Element from the North unto the East and afterwards dispersed over all the Heavens to the exceeding amazement of the beholders Then for Castles Cities and Towns to be represented in the Air as if they were really fixed there And for whole Countreys to be and appear in the Heavens carrying along in them Hills Woods Valleys Rivers Beasts Fowls Men Women and Children and all as variously and differently disposed as they are really and certainly known to be on earth Thus Dr. Fulke in his discourse of Meteors For Monstrous and hideous shapes to appear in the Heavens such as the earth affords no similitude Such as Livius saith appeared at Rome Anno Mundi 3696. he reporteth them for want of fit and convenient resemblances of them among men to be both ill-favoured and cruel Then for Burials Processions Judgments Combates Weapons of all sorts Crowns and Scepters Arms of certain Countreys and Noble-men For the Images and shaddows of men to appear like penitential patients after an humble and repentant manner asking forgiveness of whom they have offended Of which sort or kind of Apparitions and Prodigies have I both read and heard most strange yea almost incredible Stories but I conceive it fitter to transfer them to the second part of this book they being more capable of claiming a place in the Chronologie then to be mentioned here Then for Sybil-like Characteristical Oracles to be seen and read in the Heavens as that of Julian the apostate in Persia the same day he dyed a knot or company of Stars were observed to make up these words Hodie Julianus in Persia