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A05297	A learned and true assertion of the original, life, actes, and death of the most noble, valiant, and renoumed Prince Arthure, King of great Brittaine Who succeeding his father Vther Pendragon, and right nobly gouerning this land sixe and twentie yeares, then dyed of a mortall wounde receyued in battell, together vvith victory ouer his enemies. As appeareth cap. 9. And was buried at Glastenbury. cap. 12. an. 543. Collected and written of late yeares in lattin, by the learned English antiquarie of worthy memory Iohn Leyland. Newly translated into English by Richard Robinson citizen of London. Anno Domini. 1582.; Assertio inclytissimi Arturii Regis Britanniae. English	Leland, John, 1506?-1552.; Robinson, Richard, citizen of London.	1582 (1582)	STC 15441; ESTC S108439	67,318	92

disperced throughout the whole history of Brittaine Yet therein are matters if a man behold the same more thorowly such as might not be desired without greate hinderance of auncient knowledge and which beeing rather reade then vnderstood by William Paruus beare not any shewe at all of commodity Againe I will also heere set downe another honourable testimony namely not onely touching the Interpreter of the historie but also concerning Arthure him selfe Plainly it appeareth that whatsoeuer thinges this fellow published in writing concerning Arthure and Merline to feede y e curiositie of the not so discreete persōs were fainedly inuented of lying and dissembling Authours Let him cogge and foyste sixehundreth times if hee will Merlinus was in very deede a man euen miraculously learned in knowledge of thinges naturall and especially in the science Mathematicall For the which cause he was most acceptable and that deseruingly vnto the Princes of his time and a farre other manner of man then that hee woulde repute himselfe as one subiect vnto y ● iudgement of any cowled or loytering grosseheaded Moncke But I will let passe Arthure and Merline the one more valiant the other more learned then that they ought to regarde eyther the pratling or importunitie of the common people And that seemeth vnto me a thing most vnequall and against all right that one Moncke beareth enuie towardes another Moncke which is euen dead and gone William Paruus might haue hoped for greater victory of the liuing then of the deade Persons This yet by the waye did hee count for aduauntage to strike him that woulde not strike againe But if the Spirites of dead men haue any knowledge of humane matters he shall so farre perceiue that beyond equity and honesty hee beares away no victorie from Geoffrey that dead is but that by his wounde he hath procured him selfe a perpetuall wounde and bloodshedde Neither is there cause why hee should hope for the present helpe of that Phisition Polidorus from the Citie Vrbinas for as much as hee him selfe also languishing of like disease hath very greate neede of a cunning mans cure And there remayneth as yet another wounde wherewith W. Paruus supposed that hee had euen quite dispatched Geoffrey out of this life For so hee insulteth Nec vnum quidem Archiepiscum vnquam habuere Britones Neither saith hee had the Brittaines in deede so much as one Archbishoppe at any time Didst thou learne this amongest the Brigantes Asserius Meneuensis sometimes the Schoolemaster of Alfredus sirnamed the greate king of England taught mee another manner of matter in these wordes in the booke of his Cronicles Qui saepe depredabatur Hemeidum Regulum intelligit illud Monasterium Paraeciam S. Degwi id est Dauidis aliquando expulsione Antistitum qui in eo praeessent sicut nobis Archiepiscopum propinquum meum me aliquando expulsit sub ipsis Which did oftentimes spoyle he meaneth Hemeidus the Duke that same Monasterie and parrish of Saint Degwy that is S. Dauid in times past by banishing of the Bishoppes which bare sway therein like as he banished sometime frō vs the Archbishoppe my neighboure and me also vnder them Gyraldus makes mention and with verie good credite that Dubritius was Archbishop of Exceter For Isca so called is the most noble Cytie of Deuonia and most auncient of others by reason of the Ryuers and floude bearing the same name there edyfied which also was called of the Romans the citie of Caerlegion or Chester vpon Huske The Bishoppes Sea beeing translated from thence vnto Sainte Dauids where the most holy and the same most Learned Dauid florished in the dignity of an Archbishop Sampson a man of famous memorie Archbishop of S. Dauids in Wales shunning the sickenesse or disease of the Jaundice went vnto Armorica or the lesse Britaine wherevpon came the originall of the Archbishopricke of Dolence And from Sampsons time vnto y ● victories of y ● Normans ouer the Welchmen all the Bishops beyond Seuerne as yt were of solemne orders were consecrate by the bishop of Sainte Dauids their Primate who when the Paule fayled him with tooth and nayle retayned still all his title and interest Moreouer it appeareth by y ● Dialogue of Siluester Giraldus that the Cannons at S. Dauids in the time of Dauid the Bishop which succeeded Bernharde had a treatie with Richarde the greate Archbishop ouer the Kentish men in presence of Hugucion the Cardinall concerning the Metropolitane tytle of their Church whereof the same Giraldus handled earnestlie an entreatie at Rome being afterwardes chosen Bishop of S. Dauids And that I may recite more Ancient testimonies Ptolomeus Lucensis who wrote the liues of the Romish Bishops declareth y ● in Eleutherius his time three chiefe flammins in Brittaine were conuerted into so many Archbishops London in old time called Troynouant Yeorcke then also called Brigantum without doubt florished famously with this dignitie or prerogatiue Where then is the third Bishops Sea Where els but in Wales In which poynte that I my selfe say nothing Trittemius surely in his abridgment of Cronicles is also a lightsome and plaine witnesse May not then William Paruus the Schoolemaster be ashamed to haue inculcate into the eares of Polidorus his scholler farre better Learned then himselfe such vaine tales But beholde by one euill another euill chaūcing The ingrafted error so far forth hath now infected a nūber y ● scarce is this disease curable by any Helleborus no though they sayle into Anticyria for y e same And yet for sooth are they compelled I knowe not by 〈◊〉 violent Authoritie in the meane time to haue a good opynyon of thie their Schoolemaster These I say before hand are hard poyntes to beleeue Surely I wish all thinges prosperous vnto my Schoolemasters But when the matter is in handling concerning truth and credite of the cause doubtles●e I beare no partiall affection towardes any of them No certainely 〈◊〉 I shoulde by and by knowe that they woulde euen catch and conquere for mee all mine enemyes at once A Peroration or briefe Conclusion To the Readers HEtherto most courteous Readers haue I described Arthure in his coloures not without diligence laboure and finally a ready good will but yet in meane while whether with like eloquence grace and good successe I haue done this let that by the iudgemēt of honest and learned persons bee determined For I knowe very well How slender Furniture I haue at home For the which cause I challenge not any thing at all vnto my selfe Vndoubtedly I might soone appeare both rash vnwise if I should so doe Onely I purposed of good wil to make tryall of my wit in a matter honest to helpe the history languishing to aduance the glory of my country hindred by enuy and beeing enthralled vnto the crafty deceiptes of euill willers restore the same honestly vnto liberty I knowe it will come to passe that most mighty enemies will assaulte my

Cadorus the Duke of Cornwale a woman of rare beawtie Afterwards also he subdued vnto him the Saxones with most bloudy battels CHAP. III. The XII Battelles fought by Arthure NEnnius the Brittaine a writer of good and auncient credit amongst many others maketh most lightsome mention of his battels whose wordes although by the negligence of Printers and iniurie of time they be somewhat displaced yet notwithstandinge because they make much for our present matter and bring with them a certaine reuerent antiquitie I will here set them downe and in their order Arthure fought in deed against those Saxones with the gouernours of the Britaines but he himselfe was generall The first battell was at the entraunce of the floude called Gleyn alias Gledy The second third fourth and fift was vpon an other floud called Dugles which is in the Countrie of Lynieux The sixt was vpon the floud which is called Bassas The seauenth was in the wood Caledon that is Catcoit Celidon The eight in the Castle of Gwynyon The nynth was fought in the Cittie of Caerlegion vpō Vske The tenth on the Sea shore which is called Traitheurith otherwise Rhydrwyd The eleauenth in the hill Which is called Agned Cathregonion The twelfth in the Mount Badonis wherein many were slaine by one assault of Arthure Thus farre witnesseth Nennius Iohannes the wryter of the golden historie ratifyeth the selfe same truth touching the twelue battels fought against those Saxones Aluredus Fibroleganus the historeographer also declareth the like And so these are the wordes of Henry sirnamed of Huntington in the second booke of his history Arthure the warrier in those dayes the Captaine generall of soldiours and of the rulers in Brittaine fought most valiantly against the Saxons Twelue times was he generall of the battell and twelue times got he the victory And there also But the battles and places wherein they were fought a certaine historiographer declareth Henry of Huntington seemeth here to haue hitte vpon the bréefe history of Nennius the name of whose exemplar as it seemeth was not set downe Herehence came that silence Neyther was that booke common in mens handes at that time and in this our age is surely most rare onely three exemplars do I remember that I haue seene Iohn Rhesus a louer of Antiquitie the same a diligent setter forth thereof hath a little booke entituled Gilde which booke so farre as I gather by his speach had not to Authour Gildas but Nennius The Elenchus or Registred Table of the librarie at Batle Abbey accounteth the historie of Gildas among there treasures I haue diligently enquyred for the booke but as yet haue I not found it The Reporte is that the exemplar was translated or carried to Brecknocke there to be kept Now must we report the Battels THe writer of the life of the reuerent Dubritius Archebishop of the Cittie Caerlegion vpon Vsk not vnelegantly doth cōmemorate such like matters When at length Aurelius the King was made away by poyson and that Vther his brother ruled a few yeares Arthure his Sonne by the helpe of Dubritius succeded in gouernement who with bold courage set vpon the Saxones in many battles and yet could he not vtterly roote them out of his Kingdome For the Saxones had subdued vnto them selues the whole compasse of the Island which stretcheth from the water of Humber vnto the Sea Cattenessinum or Scottish Sea For that cause the Peares of the Realme being called together he determined by their counsell what he might best do against the irruption of the Pagane Saxones At length by comm●n counsell he sendeth into Armorica that is to say the letter Brittaine vnto King Hoel his Ambassadors which aduertised him at full touching the calamitie of the Brittaines who comming with fiftene thousand of armed men into Brittaine was honorably entertayned of Arthure and D. Dubritius going vnto the Cittie of Lincolne beseeged of the Saxones hauing fought y e battell there were six thousand of Saxones which eyther being drowned or wounded with weapons dyed But the others flying away vnto the wood of Caledon being beseeged by the Brittaines were constrayned to yeeld themselues and pledges being taken for tribute yearely to be paied he gaue them leaue with their shippes onely to returne into their Countrie Afterwardes within a short time the Saxones were ashamed of the league made and hauing recouered their strength they made their league as voyde and beseeged the Cittie Badon rounde about which now is called Bathe this when Arthure hearde of hauinge gathered his hoast together and beholding the Tentes of his enemies he spake thus vnto them Because the most vngodly Saxones disdaine to keepe promise with me I keping faith with my God will endeuoure to be aduenged of them for the bloud and slaughter of my Citizens Let vs therefore manfully set vpon those Traytours whom by the Mediation of Christ out of all doubt we shall ouercome with a wished triumphe And hee rushing vpon the ranckes of the Saxones beinge helped by the prayers of Dubritius in ouerthrowing many thousandes obtayned the victorie and the few which fled this garboyle he caused them to yeelde to his mercy Boccace in his booke of Lakes and Marishes thus wryteth Murais that Lake so called famous is by the victory of Arthure King of Brittaine for men say that the Scottes Pictes and Irishmen being by him beseeged were compelled to yeelde themselues there The same Authour in his viii booke of Famouse Personages maketh a notable mention of Arthure being moued with a certaine Godly zeale to the end he would not with vnthankfull silence ouerpasse so mightie a personage and so worthie a man Neyther here are those thinges which appeare in the Cronicles of a certaine writer of Digion differing from our purpose Cerdicius hauing more often conflict with Arthure if he were one moneth vanquished he more sharply assaulted in another moneth At length Arthure with irksome toyle so being awearied after the Xii yeare of Cerdicius his comming by fealtie to him sworne gaue him the Country Auonia Southwarde and Somaria which part Cerdicius called West saxony Gulielmus a Medulphi curia both a gallant writer and also a learned and which thing first in his history he as most faithfull in his first booke of the Kinges of Britaine mencioneth bringeth in by the way these testimonies of Arthure And now truly had it come to an euill passe with the Brittaines as he vnderstoode had not Ambrose onely of the Romans bene left aliue who after Vortigerus was Monarke or King with the surpassing exployt of warlike Arthure repressed the outragiouse barbarouse enemines of the Kingdome Moreouer hetherunto seeme these things to pertaine which in the fragmentes of Gildas the Brittaine are reade after this manner The Brittaines like conquerours take courage to them prouocating their enemies to fight vnto whom by

circumstance of speach here admonisheth me that I expresse somewhat touching Arthures buriall whereof as I haue made sufficient mention so iudge I it specially for the lightsome order conuenient that I should first with exquisite diligence consecrate vnto posteritie the Antiquitie of that place whither vnto the deade corpes was caried Aual in the Brittish tongue signifieth Malum or as I may with a more commō phraise interprete it Pomum an Aple and Aualon signifieth Pomarium or Orcharde By reason whereof also of Merlinus Caledonius as Geoffrey Arthurius of Monmouth interpreteth the same it is called the Isle of Apples in these wordes Insula ●omorum quae fortunata vocatur ●'x re nomen habet quia per se singula profert Non opus est illi sulcantibus arua colonis Omnis abest cultus nisi quem natura ministrat Vltro foecundas segetes producit Vuas Nataque poma suis praetonso germine syluis The Isle of Apples which called is fortunate Of effect hath name for it bringes forth all thinges The seeded ground no neede of Plowmen hath All tillage wantes saue that which Nature bringes Of it owne accorde it beares both Grapes Corne And apples grow in woods first grafts being pruned shorne MElchinus the Brittaine makes mention of Aualonia and of the religious place there Siluester Giraldus in his booke De Institutione Principis thus speaketh And y ● island which at this day is called Glastenbury was called in auncient time Aualonia For it is an Islande altogether environed with moorish or fenny groundes Whereupon in the Brittish tongue it is called Aualon that is an Island fruitefull of apples For with apples which in the Brittish tongue are called Aual this place aboundeth Patricius the Apostle or teacher amongest the Irishmen in a certaine Epistle makes mention of this place but by another name whose wordes also I will hereunto annex I haue conuerted Ireland vnto the way of truth and when I had grounded them in the christian faith I returned at length into Brittaine as I beleeue by the guidance of God who is the way and the life I chaunced into the Island Iniswitriue wherein I found a holy and auncient place chosen of God and consecrated vnto the Virgin Mary and there also founde I certaine Brethrē instructed with the rudiments of the Christian faith which succeeded the Disciples of Fugatius and Damianus Thus farre sayth Patri●ius who in that place of his epistle also recyteth the names of twelue religious persons where of two were noble personages Of all which twelue he had chiefe Rule as by these wordes it is manifest So they preferred me though against my will before themselues And againe in the same Epistle the brethren shewed me writings of those holy men Fugatius and Damianus wherein was conteyned that the twelue Disciples of S. Philip and Iacob the Apostles had founded and erected that auncient Church and that three Pagan kinges had giuen so many possessions of land vnto those twelue And last of al how that Fugatius Damianus had builded a chappell on a high hill not farre from Aualonia in the honor of God and S. Michaell Heere is enough at this presēt euen touch and goe to haue vnderstanding of the reuerend father Patricius his Epistle Gulielmus Meildunensis in his booke of the antiquitie of the religious house at Glastenburie and in his first booke of kinges vnto Henrie Blesensis otherwise Soliasensis Bishop of Venta Simenorum or Winchester writeth not vnlike matters Wherupon also by good coniecture it may bee scene that this William tooke his translations out of the Epistle of Patricius Siluester Giraldus in his booke De Institutione Principis not inconueniently explaneth the Etymō or true interpretation of the name It was also in times past called in the brittish language ●niswitrine by y e which word the Saxones which came thether afterwarde called that place Glastenbury For Gles in their tongue signifieth Vitrum or glasse and Bury signifieth Castrum or Castle and is called together the city of Glastenburie These doth he affirme Truly vnto me this seemeth to bee a ●cule faulte in writers of bookes that they heere do recite Byry for burg or berg Byry in the Saxon tongue is in Latine Curia As for example Aldermanburie that is to say Seniorum Curia Also Litlebyry that is Parua Curia Canonbyry commonly called Canbyry Burg otherwise Borow signifieth a hill and high places of earth cast vp Finally Beng is in the Latine tongue called Castrum by reason whereof I more truly beleeue we must reade Berg or Burg for a Castle which worde Giraldus vseth or maketh it to serue for a Towne although as I may freely confesse I finde the name written diuersly amongest the ancients viz. Glessenbyry Glestōbury and Glessēburg And there are which pronounce Glas for Gles Although Gles is more perfect and more Auncient as by the name of the Islandes of Glastenburie it appeareth plainly CHAP. XII K. Arthures Buriall NEither can I nor wil I publish for trueth whether Arthure dyed out right in the battle fought at Alaune which is commōly called Camblā or at Aualonia while his woūds were in healing The writers of Brittaine with one voyce holde argument that he dyed at Aualonia through griefe of the same woundes But touching the place of his buriall they doe all agree as one This one thing dare I be bolde to affirme the Brittanes were so sorowfull for the death of their Soueraigne Lorde that they endeuored by all meanes to make the same famous and to leaue the name of their Gouernour euen for euer fearefull and to bee trembled at amongest the Saxones So farre foorth as they with a certaine plausible and straunge inuention did spreade abroade Rumors both of his comming againe and of his ruling againe Touching the againe comming of Arthure so woūded to death into Aualonia aforesaid certaine Brittaines did blindly write But none more at large nor more lightsome then Merlinus Caledonius being instructed as some men suppose of Theliesinus the Poet whose verses also I will heere annex selected out of his little booke of prophecy Geoffrey Arthurius beeing interpreter thereof Illuc post Bellum Camblani vulnere laesum Duximus Arthurum nos conducente Barincho Aequora cui fuerant coeli Sidera nota Hoc Rectore ratis cum Principe venimus illuc Et nos quo decui● Morgan suscepit honore Inque suis thalamis posuit super aurea Regem Fulcra manuque sibi detexit vulnus honesta Inspexitque diu tandem redire salutem Posse sibi dixit si secum tempore longo Esset ipsius vellet Medicamina fungi Gaudentes igitur Regem commissimus illi Et dedimus ventis redeundo vela secundis The English Thether after the battle was at Camblan fiercely fought Barinchus so conducting vs we Arthure wounded brought Who knew the seas of the

of greate Alder trees which by a certaine nature are growing cōmodious for the ground there Moreouer agayne I thinke the inhabitants of Aualonia were not so ignorāt of natural things y ● they should beleeue y ● Oake would continue longer in somwhat a moyst ground then the watery Alder tree which is growing in the grounde They which haue writtē of Trees willingly attribute somwhat moist groūds to be apt both for Alder Elme trees to be brought forth in thē There also remaineth another doubt which if I any thing rightly iudge shall rather seeme a plaine errour then any doubt at all Gyraldus confirmeth that Arthures Tombe was founde betwene two Pyrameds in the religious place at Aualonia In which opinion as it were so confirmed with testimonie of ancient writers euen I also remaine But I am so farre frō beleeuing any thing to be engrauē in thē which thing Arthures tombe as Giraldus declareth y ● verie same should shew expresse or make famous that in deede vnto me may appeare nothing lesse like to be true If there had beene any such thing I pray you who more truly or more playnly should haue manifested y ● same thē Gulielmus Meildunēsis vnto whom alone all posteritie ought to refer both their portractures inscriptions But hee in deede speaketh not so much as one worde of Arthure whome elswhere he diligently extolleth Doubtlesse it is a coniecture probable that Giraldus was vtterly ignorāt what inscriptions those Pyrameds contayned seeing he saith the letters were worne out by antiquitie or oldnes of time But I let passe Giraldus a mā truly otherwise learned a great greedy deuourer of anciēt knowledge as I am prouoked by another care not vnprofitable for the purpose Namely that I should not onely by the testimonie of two whom I haue aboue named but also by a full number of writers confirme establish and persuade as it were ratified Arthures Tombe founde Also to the end that that thing may more commodiously be done I thinke there are causes agreeable why I may more profoundly repeate all and singuler testimonies of famous men within a certaine conuenient and euydent scope of matter In which behalfe Claudius a frēchman to the end the reader may vnderstand that the credible report of Arthures Tombe found hapned euen vnto straungers vpright and perfect shall be a greate witnesse in matter aboundant Anno 1217. The bodie of Arthure that Noble king of Brittaine which had lyen buried 600. and moe yeeres was found in the Church of S. Mary at Glastenbury Heere in computation of the yeeres either by the Authors negligence or as more sincerelie the Interpreter saith by the negligence of the booke writer did there creepe in a faule error For Henry the Secōd of that name king of England dyed about the yeere after Christes byrth a thousand one hundreth and nyntie and the Tombe was founde in the first yeare of the raigne of King Richard the 1. his sonne The Cronicles of Persor Abbey doe make relation of these thinges Anno Domini 1191. the Tombe of Arthure Kinge of Brittaine was found at Glastenbury the leaden crosse vpon his brest declaring that his name was there written Iohannes Fiberius who is also commonly called Beuer writeth these thinges most briefly and by way of running it ouer Anno Domini 1191. were founde at Glastenbury the bones of Arthure Matthew Paris Moncke of the Monastery of S. Albane at the racing and seege of that most auncient Cittie Verolamium nere vnto S. Albones in the Countie of Hartford thus mentioneth of the Tombe The bones of the most famouse King Arthure were founde at Glastenbury laide vp in a certaine most auncient Tombe there about the which stoode erected two most auncient Pirameds wherein the letters were engrauen but by reason of the too much rudnesse and deformitie they could not be reade And they were found by this occasion For as they digged there to bury a certaine Moncke which with a vehement desire in his life time had before wished for this place as to be therein buried they founde a certaine close Tombe vpon the which was put a leade crosse wherein was engrauen HIC IACET INCLITVS BRITONVM REX ARTVRIVS IN INSVLA AVALONIAE SEPVLTVS But that place beinge rounde about encompassed with Marish groundes was in times past called the Isle of Aualon for truth that is the Ile of Aples Like as by Good right I fauour verie much the authoritie of this Matthew so I am sory that a fewe wordes chaunced redounding to this declaration in the inscription Certes that which he mentioneth of the Moncke I neuer hearde of before neyther doth he so farre forth perswade mee of the truth Ranulphus Higeden of Chester also maketh mention of King Arthure his Tombe I omit to mention other Authours and that with employed diligence because I would not seeme to affectate the number of witnesses in a matter so manifestly knowne and credited CAP. XVI The Translation of King Arthures bones I Remember that in my Epistle dedicatory I haue spoken of Arthures Lyneamentes three times translated Whereof which was the first because it appeareth not euident enough by the greater Church at Glastenbury from whence they write these were first of all conueyed I will somewhat more manifestly and more lightsomely notify I learned of the Monckes at Glastenbury most diligent reseruers no doubte of the Antiquitie pertayning to their Cloyster that Arthures Lyneamentes were translated into the greate Church which worke was greatly augmented by the liberallitie of Henry Plantagenet from the religiouse place but not laide in that place at that time where they now be There is a porch towardes the South parte and a Chappell from whence they go into the Treasury In this place men affirmed that Arthures bones remayned for a certaine season after that againe that they were translated into the midle Iles of the Queare By which interchaunge of time a newe stately and magnificent Tombe out of blacke Marble such as we see the Lydian or tutch stone was both heawne and cut out at that time together framed by vnaccustomed workmanshippe and witty deuise concerning which and also the translation thereof to write at this present it were vndoubtedly a needlesse thinge seeing that in the chapter before going touching Arthures Tombe founde all those matters appeare together in their order Therefore let our history apply it selfe vnto the third translation which was made in y ● dayes of Edward sirnamed Longshanke K. of England not only the cheefest patrone of Arthures praise but also y e louer great reuerencer of his fame when as all y e Lyneamentes of them remayning in the most stately Tombe where they tooke their rest together before sauing the shinne bones of the King and of the Queene which he commaunded to be kept abroade it was no doubte a spectacle of Antiquitie very acceptable vnto